A slowly hydrolyzing muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Bethanechol is generally used to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the GI tract following abdominal surgery or in urinary retention in the absence of obstruction. It may cause hypotension, HEART RATE changes, and BRONCHIAL SPASM.
Drugs that mimic the effects of parasympathetic nervous system activity. Included here are drugs that directly stimulate muscarinic receptors and drugs that potentiate cholinergic activity, usually by slowing the breakdown of acetylcholine (CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITORS). Drugs that stimulate both sympathetic and parasympathetic postganglionic neurons (GANGLIONIC STIMULANTS) are not included here.
Drugs that bind to and activate muscarinic cholinergic receptors (RECEPTORS, MUSCARINIC). Muscarinic agonists are most commonly used when it is desirable to increase smooth muscle tone, especially in the GI tract, urinary bladder and the eye. They may also be used to reduce heart rate.
One of the MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS with pharmacologic action similar to ATROPINE and used mainly as an ophthalmic parasympatholytic or mydriatic.
Complete or severe loss of the subjective sense of taste, frequently accompanied by OLFACTION DISORDERS.
Agents that inhibit the actions of the parasympathetic nervous system. The major group of drugs used therapeutically for this purpose is the MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS.
A synthetic pentapeptide that has effects like gastrin when given parenterally. It stimulates the secretion of gastric acid, pepsin, and intrinsic factor, and has been used as a diagnostic aid.
An alkaloid, originally from Atropa belladonna, but found in other plants, mainly SOLANACEAE. Hyoscyamine is the 3(S)-endo isomer of atropine.
Hydrochloric acid present in GASTRIC JUICE.
One of the two major classes of cholinergic receptors. Muscarinic receptors were originally defined by their preference for MUSCARINE over NICOTINE. There are several subtypes (usually M1, M2, M3....) that are characterized by their cellular actions, pharmacology, and molecular biology.
Drugs that bind to but do not activate MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS, thereby blocking the actions of endogenous ACETYLCHOLINE or exogenous agonists. Muscarinic antagonists have widespread effects including actions on the iris and ciliary muscle of the eye, the heart and blood vessels, secretions of the respiratory tract, GI system, and salivary glands, GI motility, urinary bladder tone, and the central nervous system.
An antimuscarinic agent that inhibits gastric secretion at lower doses than are required to affect gastrointestinal motility, salivary, central nervous system, cardiovascular, ocular, and urinary function. It promotes the healing of duodenal ulcers and due to its cytoprotective action is beneficial in the prevention of duodenal ulcer recurrence. It also potentiates the effect of other antiulcer agents such as CIMETIDINE and RANITIDINE. It is generally well tolerated by patients.
A histamine H2 receptor antagonist that is used as an anti-ulcer agent.
Any drug used for its actions on cholinergic systems. Included here are agonists and antagonists, drugs that affect the life cycle of ACETYLCHOLINE, and drugs that affect the survival of cholinergic neurons. The term cholinergic agents is sometimes still used in the narrower sense of MUSCARINIC AGONISTS, although most modern texts discourage that usage.
A subclass of muscarinic receptor that mediates cholinergic-induced contraction in a variety of SMOOTH MUSCLES.
A group of amylolytic enzymes that cleave starch, glycogen, and related alpha-1,4-glucans. (Stedman, 25th ed) EC 3.2.1.-.

Muscarinic stimulation of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in isolated rat pancreatic acini. (1/144)

AIM: To study whether M3 receptor occupation would lead to activation of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaM kinase II). METHODS: In this study, we isolated rat pancreatic acini by collagenase digestion; measured the Ca2+/calmodulin-independent activity of autophosphorylated form of the CaM kinase II both before and after stimulation of the acini with muscarinic secretagogue bethanechol (Bet). RESULTS: Bet stimulated the activation of, or generation of Ca(2+)-independent activity of, this kinase, in a concentration (0.0001-1 mmol.L-1) and time (5-300 s)-dependent manner; with Bet of 100 mumol.L-1, Ca(2+)-independent activity increased from an unstimulated level of 4.5 +/- 0.3 (n = 4) to 8.9 +/- 1.3 (n = 4, P < 0.05) at 5 s. Another Ca2+ mobilizing secretagogue cholecystokinin (CCK) also activated the kinase; at 1 mumol.L-1, CCK increased Ca(2+)-independent kinase activity to 12.9 +/- 0.5 (n = 6, P < 0.05). Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) at 1 mumol.L-1 did not produce significant Ca(2+)-independent kinase activity (from control 3.90 +/- 0.28 to 4.53 +/- 0.47, n = 6, P > 0.05). Atropine completely blocked Bet activation of the kinase. CONCLUSION: CaM kinase II plays a pivotal role in digestive enzyme secretion, especially during the initial phase of amylase secretion.  (+info)

Myogenic mechanism for peristalsis in the cat esophagus. (2/144)

A myogenic control system (MCS) is a fundamental determinant of peristalsis in the stomach, small bowel, and colon. In the esophagus, attention has focused on neuronal control, the potential for a MCS receiving less attention. The myogenic properties of the cat esophagus were studied in vitro with and without nerves blocked by 1 microM TTX. Muscle contraction was recorded, while electrical activity was monitored by suction electrodes. Spontaneous, nonperistaltic, electrical, and mechanical activity was seen in the longitudinal muscle and persisted after TTX. Spontaneous circular muscle activity was minimal, and peristalsis was not observed without pharmacological activation. Direct electrical stimulation (ES) in the presence of bethanechol or tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA) produced slow-wave oscillations and spike potentials accompanying smooth muscle contraction that progressed along the esophagus. Increased concentrations of either drug in the presence of TTX produced slow waves and spike discharges, accompanied by peristalsis in 5 of 8 TEA- and 2 of 11 bethanechol-stimulated preparations without ES. Depolarization of the muscle by increasing K(+) concentration also produced slow waves but no peristalsis. We conclude that the MCS in the esophagus requires specific activation and is manifest by slow-wave oscillations of the membrane potential, which appear to be necessary, but are not sufficient for myogenic peristalsis. In vivo, additional control mechanisms are likely supplied by nerves.  (+info)

Cholinergic effects on human gastric motility. (3/144)

BACKGROUND: Cholinergic regulation of chronotropic (frequency) and inotropic (force) aspects of antral contractility and how these impact on gastric emptying are not well delineated. AIMS: To determine the effects of cholinergic stimulation and inhibition on myoelectric, contractile, and emptying parameters of gastric motility. METHODS: Ten normal subjects underwent three studies each, using simultaneous electrogastrography (EGG), antroduodenal manometry, and gastric emptying with dynamic antral scintigraphy (DAS). After 30 minutes of baseline fasting manometry and EGG, subjects received saline intravenously, atropine (0.6 mg then 0.25 mg/hour intravenously), or bethanechol (5 mg subcutaneously). This was followed by another 30 minutes' recording and by three hours of postprandial recording after ingestion of a technetium-99m labelled solid meal. RESULTS: During fasting, atropine decreased, whereas bethanechol increased, the antral manometric motility index and EGG power. Postprandially, atropine decreased the amplitude of antral contractions by DAS, decreased the postprandial antral manometric motility index, and slowed gastric emptying. Atropine caused a slight increase in postprandial frequency of antral contractions by DAS and gastric myoelectrical activity by EGG. Bethanechol slightly increased the amplitude, but slightly decreased the frequency of antral contractions by DAS and decreased the frequency of gastric myoelectrical activity by EGG, with no significant increase in the motility index or gastric emptying. CONCLUSIONS: Cholinergic antagonism with atropine reduces antral contractility and slows gastric emptying. Cholinergic stimulation with bethanechol increases antral contractility, but decreases the frequency of antral contractions, without altering the antral motility index or gastric emptying.  (+info)

Time course of isolated rat fundus response to muscarinic agonists: a measure of intrinsic efficacy. (4/144)

The establishment of a dose-response relationship and its quantification is the usual procedure for analysing drug action on an isolated organ. However, the time course of the effect seems to be an inherent characteristic of the agonist which produces it. In our study, we have analyzed the time-response curves of four cholinergic agonists (acetylcholine, methacholine, carbachol and bethanechol) which produce tonic contractions of the isolated rat gastric fundus. The order of affinity of agonists to muscarinic receptors on the rat fundus were carbachol > bethanechol > methacholine > acetylcholine (K(A) values: 46 +/- 12, 84 +/- 21, 380 +/- 110 and 730 +/- 120 nM, respectively). The effective concentrations which produced 60% of the maximal response (EC60) were used for establishing the time-response curves. The time-response curves were also recorded after partial alkylation of muscarinic receptors with phenoxybenzamine, after exposure of the isolated rat fundus to physostigmine and after addition of supramaximal concentrations of the agonists. The experimental time-response curve for acetylcholine was on the extreme left, followed by curves for methacholine, bethanechol and carbachol, respectively. Phenoxybenzamine and supramaximal doses of the agonists did not change the order of response development in time, but supramaximal doses shifted all curves to the left and phenoxybenzamine shifted all time-response curves to the right. Only physostigmine shifted the time-response curve for methacholine to the right. The results of our study suggest that the response rate of the isolated rat gastric fundus to cholinergic agonists depends on the intrinsic activity of these agents, but not on their affinity for muscarinic receptors.  (+info)

Topical diltiazem and bethanechol decrease anal sphincter pressure without side effects. (5/144)

BACKGROUND: Topical nitrates lower anal sphincter pressure and heal anal fissures, but a majority of patients experience headache. The internal anal sphincter has a calcium dependent mechanism to maintain tone, and also receives an inhibitory extrinsic cholinergic innervation. It may therefore be possible to lower anal sphincter pressure using calcium channel blockers and cholinergic agonists without side effects. AIMS: To investigate the effect of oral and topical calcium channel blockade and a topical cholinomimetic on anal sphincter pressure. METHODS: Three studies were conducted, each involving 10 healthy volunteers. In the first study subjects were given oral 60 mg diltiazem or placebo on separate occasions. They were then given diltiazem once or twice daily for four days. In the second and third studies diltiazem and bethanechol gels of increasing concentration were applied topically to lower anal pressure. RESULTS: A single dose of 60 mg diltiazem lowered the maximum resting anal sphincter pressure (MRP) by a mean of 21%. Once daily diltiazem produced a clinically insignificant effect but a twice daily regimen reduced anal pressure by a mean of 17%. Diltiazem and bethanechol gel produced a dose dependent reduction of the anal pressure; 2% diltiazem produced a maximal 28% reduction, and 0.1% bethanechol a maximal 24% reduction, the effect lasting three to five hours. CONCLUSIONS: Topical diltiazem and bethanechol substantially reduce anal sphincter pressure for a prolonged period, and represent potential low side effect alternatives to topical nitrates for the treatment of anal fissures.  (+info)

Intracellular divalent cation release in pancreatic acinar cells during stimulus-secretion coupling. I. Use of chlorotetracycline as fluorescent probe. (6/144)

Stimulus-secretion coupling in pancreatic exocrine cells was studied using dissociated acini, prepared from mouse pancreas, and chlorotetracycline (CTC), a fluorescent probe which forms highly fluorescent complexes with Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions bound to membranes. Acini, preloaded by incubation with CTC (100 microM), displayed a fluorescence having spectral properties like that of CTC complexed to calcium (excitation and emission maxima at 398 and 527 nm, respectively). Stimulation with either bethanechol or caerulein resulted in a rapid loss of fluorescence intensity and an increase in outflux of CTC from the acini. After 5 min of stimulation, acini fluorescence had been reduced by 40% and appeared to be that of CTC complexed to Mg2+ (excitation and emission maxima at 393 and 521 nm, respectively). The fluorescence loss induced by bethanechol was blocked by atropine and was seen at all agonist concentrations that elicited amylase release. Maximal fluorescence loss, however, required a bethanechol concentration three times greater than that needed for maximal amylase release. In contrast, acini preloaded with ANS or oxytetracycline, probes that are relatively insensitive to membrane-bound divalent cations, displayed no secretagogue-induced fluorescence changes. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that CTC is able to probe some set of intracellular membranes which release calcium during secretory stimulation and that this release results in dissociation of Ca(2+)-complexed CTC.  (+info)

Signaling mechanisms for muscarinic receptor-mediated coronary vasoconstriction in isolated rat hearts. (7/144)

Signaling mechanisms for muscarinic receptor-mediated vasoconstriction in coronary resistance arteries were studied in potassium-arrested isolated rat hearts perfused at a constant flow rate. The cholinergic agonist bethanechol was given by bolus injection or constant infusion. Perfusion pressure was monitored as an indicator of coronary vascular resistance. Bolus injection of bethanechol evoked a phasic vasoconstriction in a dose-dependent manner, whereas infusion of bethanechol evoked a tonic vasoconstriction without producing tachyphylaxis. Bethanechol-induced phasic vasoconstriction was eliminated by perfusion with a Ca(2+)-free buffer. The L-type voltage-operated Ca(2+) channel blocker nifedipine decreased the maximal constrictor response to bethanechol by 59 +/- 2% (n = 4, P <.001), whereas the putative receptor-operated Ca(2+) channel blocker SK&F 96365 converted this vasoconstriction into vasodilation that was not mediated by nitric oxide. The protein kinase C inhibitor chelerythrine reduced the maximal phasic vasoconstrictor response to bethanechol by 78 +/- 2% (n = 6, P <.001) Bethanechol-induced tonic vasoconstriction was rapidly converted to a sustained vasodilation during infusion of SK&F 96365 or nifedipine, whereas infusion of chelerythrine gradually attenuated the tonic response to bethanechol. Results from other experiments do not support a role for phospholipase A(2)-dependent mediators in generating coronary vasoconstrictor responses to bethanechol. It is concluded that voltage-independent receptor-operated Ca(2+) channels, voltage-operated Ca(2+) channels, and protein kinase C are major signaling components for muscarinic receptor-mediated contraction of rat coronary resistance arteries.  (+info)

Parasympathetic non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic-induced protein synthesis and mitogenic activity in rat parotid glands. (8/144)

Electrical stimulation of the parasympathetic auriculo-temporal nerve (40 Hz, 30 min), in the anaesthetized rat under - and -adrenoceptor blockade, increased [3H]thymidine and [3H]leucine uptake into the parotid glands by 80 and 263 %, respectively. The increase in response to parasympathetic stimulation was almost the same ([3H]thymidine 82 % and [3H]leucine 283 %) when atropine (2 mg kg-1 I.P. or I.V.) was included in the pretreatment. Neither intravenous infusion of vasoactive intestinal peptide (0.5-20 mg kg-1 min-1, 30 min) nor of bethanechol (10 mg kg-1 min-1, 30 min), under adrenoceptor blockade, increased the uptake of [3H]thymidine into the glands. However, these drugs increased [3H]leucine uptake, and in combination they interacted positively. Whereas vasoactive intestinal peptide is likely to be involved in the parasympathetic nerve-evoked protein synthesis, the nature of the non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic component(s) involved in the mitogenic response is presently unknown.  (+info)

The correct answer to this question is – Nausea and vomiting. Bethanechol is a cholinergic agonist drug that stimulates muscarinic receptors. It is mostly used to treat bladder problems such as urinary retention and inability to completely empty the bladder. Bethanechol works by increasing the tone of the detrusor muscle in the bladder. This causes a contraction in the bladder, and it is sufficient to cause urination and emptying of the bladder. Since bethanechol is a muscarinic receptor - ProProfs Discuss
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Drugs may be covered by multiple patents or regulatory protections. All trademarks and applicant names are the property of their respective owners or licensors. Although great care is taken in the proper and correct provision of this service, thinkBiotech LLC does not accept any responsibility for possible consequences of errors or omissions in the provided data. The data presented herein is for information purposes only. There is no warranty that the data contained herein is error free. thinkBiotech performs no independent verifification of facts as provided by public sources nor are attempts made to provide legal or investing advice. Any reliance on data provided herein is done solely at the discretion of the user. Users of this service are advised to seek professional advice and independent confirmation before considering acting on any of the provided information. thinkBiotech LLC reserves the right to amend, extend or withdraw any part or all of the offered service without notice. ...
Bethanechol is a synthetic ester structurally and pharmacologically related to acetylcholine. A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects, bethanechol is generally used to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the GI tract following abdominal surgery or in urinary retention in the absence of obstruction. It may cause hypotension, cardiac rate changes, and bronchial spasms.
Bethanechol is a cholinergic agent that stimulates the parasympathetic nervous system. It is most often used related to its effect on improvement of bladder emptying and improvement in esophageal gastric sphincter pressure for reflux control. It is also a salivary stimulant. Bethanechol mouth rinse has been evaluated in patients with cancer in the prevention and management of mucositis. ...
Bethanechol (Urecholine) 5mg Tablet, This is for priced for individual pills Bethanechol is prescribed to treat problems with urination due to nerve problems in the bladder, or weakness in certain bladder
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Has anyone tried bethanechol for their twitches? I noticed a thread on here from a few years ago were it totally got rid of the members twitches. I also have a friend that is a pharmacist that says that he has given it to customers for muscles spasms ...
To relieve pain that can be associated with disease, injury, or surgery a doctor may prescribe you a pharmaceutical to manage your pain. Pain medications are sorted into different types. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, Corticosteroids, Acetaminophen, Opioids, and Muscle relaxants.
This medication is used to treat certain bladder problems such as the inability to urinate or empty the bladder completely due to certain causes (e.
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Bethanechol chloride is used to stimulate muscular contractions in the bladder. It is used in animals that have difficulty urinating due to weak bladder tone. It must not be used if there is a bladder obstruction.. ...
Yesterday, I called the GI doc to see if we could bring Caleigh in a day early for her appointment. She had been off the MUD antibiotics since Monday and she was already showing signs that the bacterial overgrowth was coming back. She was very fussy (even for her) and she was having a lot of yellow drainage from her button site. Plus she was breathing about a 100 times a minute which told us she was doing her sameole routine. So they got us in the last appointment and we changed up a few things. First we are starting the MUD mixture again and we will keep Caleigh on it for 2 wks and then see how things go again. Our GI doc also added Bethanechol to the array of meds already on Caleighs plate. This med helps the muscle system related to the gastrointestinal tract. Since Caleighs intestinal muscles arent working we hope this med will stimulate them to do the right thing. Our doc also ordered us melatonin to give to Caleigh at bed time. Melatonin is a natural hormone in everyones body that ...
Why is this medication prescribed? Myotonachol (Bethanechol) is used to relieve urination difficulties caused by surgery, medications, or other factors.
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TY - JOUR. T1 - Effect of Cholinergic Agonists on Muscle From Rodent Proximal and Distal Small Intestine. AU - Nowak, Thomas V.. AU - Harrington, Bonnie. PY - 1985/1/1. Y1 - 1985/1/1. N2 - Proximal and distal rat small intestine was cut into strips measuring 6.0 × 10.0 mm. Strips cut along the oral-caudal axis were called longitudinal strips, whereas those cut 90° to that axis were called circular strips. Stress in circular and longitudinal muscle strips was measured continuously as they were superf used with acetylcholine, carbamylcholine, methacholine, bethanechol, or physostigmine. Resting stress during stretch, acetylcholine-stimulated active stress, and total stress were determined. Proximal circular muscle was five times as sensitive to acetylcholine as distal circular muscle (p , 0.05); proximal longitudinal muscle was 2.8 times as sensitive to bethanechol as distal muscle (p , 0.05). Resting, active, and total stress were similar in proximal and distal muscle, but circular muscle ...
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Anal fissure is one of the most common as well as widespread benign diseases of the anus. Fissure development is initiated by a mechanical injury that is induced by hard faecal mass and remains unhealed if the blood flow in the tissue surrounding the fissure is reduced and the relaxation of the internal anal sphincter is impaired. Conservative treatment is administered as the initial treatment for anal fissures. In recent years, apart form the traditional treatment options, such as warm-water bath, ointments with nitro-glycerine or calcium-channel blockers, there have been reports of using new drugs for pharmacological sphincterotomy. They include bethanechol, which is a muscarinic receptor agonist, as well as sildenafil - a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor which is a mild dilator of blood vessel smooth muscles. The authors describe a good therapeutic effect achieved with topical treatment with 7% sucralfate (sucrose sulphate-aluminium complex) ointment that is used for the treatment of peptic ...
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I took Ryan to the dr yesterday. Those of you who have been around at feeding time know he spits up a lot & it seemed to be getting worse. Also he was starting to hurt when he spit up. Dr Shah put him on Zantac & Bethanechol so hopefully this will get better ...
Reimondez-Troitiño, Sonia; Alcalde, Ignacio; Csaba, Noemi; Íñigo-Portugués, Almudena; Fuente, María; Bech, Federico; Riestra, Ana C.; Merayo-Lloves, Jesús ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Vagal afferent fibres determine the oxytocin-induced modulation of gastric tone. AU - Holmes, Gregory M.. AU - Browning, Kirsteen N.. AU - Babic, Tanja. AU - Fortna, Samuel R.. AU - Coleman, F. Holly. AU - Travagli, R. Alberto. PY - 2013/6/1. Y1 - 2013/6/1. N2 - Oxytocin (OXT) inputs to the dorsal vagal complex (DVC; nucleus of the tractus solitarius (NTS) dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) and area postrema) decrease gastric tone and motility. Our first aim was to investigate the mechanism(s) of OXT-induced gastric relaxation. We demonstrated recently that vagal afferent inputs modulate NTS-DMV synapses involved in gastric and pancreatic reflexes via group II metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs). Our second aim was to investigate whether group II mGluRs similarly influence the response of vagal motoneurons to OXT. Microinjection of OXT in the DVC decreased gastric tone in a dose-dependent manner. The OXT-induced gastric relaxation was enhanced following bethanechol and ...
The relationship between muscarinic receptor-mediated inositol lipid hydrolysis and the generation of Ca2+ signals has been examined in human SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells. The resting cytoplasmic calcium concentration [( Ca2+]i) as determined by fura-2 fluorescence measurements was 59 +/- 2 nM. Upon the addition of oxotremorine-M, there was a 4-fold increase in [Ca2+]i (293 +/- 18 nM), with half-maximal stimulation obtained at an agonist concentration of 8 microM, a value similar to that previously observed for the enhancement of phosphoinositide hydrolysis. Addition of partial muscarinic agonists for phosphoinositide turnover (bethanechol, oxo-2, and arecoline) elicited correspondingly smaller increases in [Ca2+]i than did oxotremorine-M. Inclusion of EGTA lowered the basal [Ca2+]i within 2 min and markedly reduced (greater than 60%) the magnitude of the agonist-induced rise in [Ca2+]i. Addition of muscarinic agonists to SK-N-SH cells that had been prelabeled with [3H]inositol led to the rapid ...
Role of Serotonin in Preeclampsia. Prostaglandins, platelet activating factor, nitric oxide, peroxidase, lipases, histamine, serotonin, lactate, insulin, intracellular calcium, carbon dioxide, osmolarity, pH, and the redox environment are all relevant to cancer, and are affected systemically and locally by estrogen and progesterone in generally opposing ways.. And, obviously, drugs that are intended to increased the effects of nitric oxide (asparagine, zildenafil/Viagra, minoxidil/Rogaine) and acetylcholine (bethanechol, benzpyrinium, etc.) should be avoided.. The basic control of blood flow in the brain is the result of the relaxation of the wall of blood vessels in the presence of carbon dioxide, which is produced in proportion to the rate at which oxygen and glucose are being metabolically combined by active cells. In the inability of cells to produce CO2 at a normal rate, nitric oxide synthesis in blood vessels can cause them to dilate. The mechanism of relaxation by NO is very ...
READ BOOK Lasten by Hanne Bech Hansen. -,-,-,-,ONLINE BOOK Lasten by Hanne Bech Hansen. -,-,-,-, DOWNLOAD BOOK Lasten by Hanne Bech Hansen. Book description. Efter at have fulgt fhv. Politidirektør Hanne Bech Hansens optræden i diverse medier, var det faktisk meget svært at have nogen forventninger til Lasten. Ville den bære præg af hendes lange karriere i Politiet, og således være baseret på politiets faktiske arbejdsmetoder, eller ville den bære præg af hendes til tider lidt klodsede måde at håndtere tingene på? Der var frit valg på alle hylder i forhold til forventninger, og jeg var noget spændt på at læse Lasten.En last kidnappede kinesiske piger, transporteres rundt i Europa i et lastvognstog. Pigerne er solgt til div. bordeller, til en skræmmende fremtid. Noget går galt, og en advokat bliver skudt ned i et indkøbscenter i en forstad til København. Et vidne til nedskydningen bliver efterfølgende likvideret i sit hjem, og så er vi i gang. Den rimeligt nyuddannede ...
Presented at: 8th International Symposium on Delivery of Funcionality in Complex Food Systems Type: Conference abstract for conference (Peer reviewed) Status: Published , År: 2019 ...
Chemicals and Reagents.l-[N-methyl]-[3H]Scopolamine methyl chloride ([3H]NMS; specific activity, 80-90 Ci/mmol) and guanosine 5′-O-(3-[35S]thio)triphosphate ([35S]GTPγS; specific activity, ,1000 Ci/mmol) and wheat germ agglutinin SPA beads were obtained from Amersham Biosciences (GE Healthcare, Chalfont St. Giles, Buckinghamshire, UK). The 96-deep-well plates and 500-cm2 cell culture plates were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA). The 96-well GF/B filter plates were purchased from Millipore (Watford, UK). HBSS, sodium bicarbonate, EDTA, sodium chloride, HEPES, dimethyl sulfoxide, BSA, GTP, GDP, saponin, probenecid, acetylcholine chloride, carbachol chloride, methacholine chloride, bethanechol chloride, oxotremorine-M, oxotremorine sesquifumarate, and pilocarpine hydrochloride were obtained from Sigma Chemical Co Ltd. (Poole, UK). Brilliant black was obtained from ICN Biomedicals Inc. (Solon, OH). Pluronic acid, Fluo-4-AM and all cell culture reagents were purchased from ...
Acknowledgements. About This Book.. Abacavir.. Acarbose.. Acetyl sulfisoxazole.. Acrivastine.. Adapalene.. Adefovir dipivoxil.. Adrenocorticotropic hormone.. Afloqualone.. Alacepril.. Alclometasone 17,21-dipropionate.. Alitretinoin.. Allethrin.. Almotriptan.. Alosetron.. Amcinonide.. Aminolevulinic acid.. Amprenavir.. Anagrelide.. Anakinra.. Apraclonidine.. Aprepitant.. Aranidipine.. Arotinolol.. Arteether.. Articaine.. Asparaginase.. Atazanavir sulfate.. Atipamezole.. Atomoxetine hydrochloride.. Atorvastatin.. Atosiban.. Balofloxacin.. Bambermycins.. Befunolol.. Benzalkonium chloride.. Betaine.. Bethanechol chloride.. Bexarotene.. Biapenem.. Bimatoprost.. Bioresmethrin.. Bivalirudin.. Boldenone.. Bosentan.. β-Boswellic acid.. Brimonidine.. Bromfenac.. Brovincamine.. Bucillamine.. Budipine.. Bulaquine.. Butacaine.. Butamben.. Butoconazole.. Butyl flufenamate.. Cambendazole.. Candesartan cilexetil.. Capecitabine.. Casanthranol.. Caspofungin.. Castor ...
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1. A vicious cycle of malabsorption and malnutrition has been implicated in the pathogenesis of protracted diarrhoeal disease in infancy. Vitamin E deficiency is common in malnourished infants with protracted diarrhoea. We have studied the effects of chronic vitamin E deficiency on small-inestinal secretion and absorption in the rat.. 2. Weanling rats were fed vitamin E-sufficient or -deficient diets for 21 weeks. Jejunal function was studied in vitro in an Ussing chamber after this period.. 3. Steady-state isotopic flux experiments in unstimulated tissues demonstrated net Na+ and Cl−secretion in vitamin E-deficient jejuna but net Na+ and Cl− absorption in vitamin E-sufficient jejuna.. 4. Basal intestinal short-circuit current was the same in both groups.. 5. Cyclic nucleotide and maximal non-neuronal acetylcholine-mediated electrogenic secretion were increased in vitamin E-deficient jejuna.. 6. Exogenous 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) induced a smaller increment in electrogenic secretion ...
NOTA OCORRÊNCIA DE Gynandrobrotica caviceps adumbrata Bech. (COLEOPTERA: GALERUCINAE) NA CULTURA DA SOJA EM PIRACICABA, SP J.B. PINHEIRO1; N.A. VELLO2 1Depto. de Agricultura-EA/UFG, C.P. 131, CEP: 74001-970 - Goiânia, GO. 2Depto. de Genética-ESALQ/USP, C.P. 83, CEP: 13400-970 - Piracicaba, SP. RESUMO: A presença de Gynadrobrotica caviceps adumbrata Bech. foi observada durante as safras de 1990/91 e 1991/92, infestando e danificando folhas de soja, em Piracicaba, SP. Este é o primeiro relato sobre este coleóptero danificando soja no Brasil. Descritores: inseto, praga, Glycine max, soja OCCURRENCE OF Gynandrobrotica caviceps adumbrata Bech. (COLEOPTERA: GALERUCINAE) IN SOYBEAN CROP IN PIRACICABA-SP, BRAZIL ABSTRACT: During the croping seasons of 1990/91 and 1991/92 the presence of Gynadrobrotica caviceps adumbrata Bech., was observed infesting and promoting damage on soybean leaves in Piracicaba, SP. This is the first report on this beetle damaging soybeans in Brazil. Key Words: insect, ...
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Rikke Bech, Babak Jalilian, Ralf Agger, Lars Iversen, Mogens Erlandsen, Kristian Otkjaer, Claus Johansen, Søren R. Paludan, Carina A. Rosenberg, Knud Kragballe, Thomas Vorup-Jensen ...
Rikke Bech, Babak Jalilian, Ralf Agger, Lars Iversen, Mogens Erlandsen, Kristian Otkjaer, Claus Johansen, Søren R. Paludan, Carina A. Rosenberg, Knud Kragballe, Thomas Vorup-Jensen ...
Nosch, Marie Louise Bech, 2014, KE-RA-ME-JA. Studies Presented to Cynthia W. Shelmerdine. Nakassis, D., Gulizio, J. & James, S. A. (red.). INSTAP Press, s. 91-101 11 s. (PREHISTORY MONOGRAPHS, Bind 46).. Publikation: Bidrag til bog/antologi/rapport › Bidrag til bog/antologi › Forskning › fagfællebedømt ...
INJECTION, ADENOSINE, 6 MG (NOT TO BE USED TO REPORT ANY ADENOSINE PHOSPHATE INJECTION, ADENOSINE, 90 MG (NOT TO BE USED TO REPORT ANY ADENOSINE PHOSPHATE INJECTION, ADRENALIN, EPINEPHRINE, UP TO 1 ML AMPULE INJECTION, ALATROFLOXACIN MESYLATE, 100 MG INJECTION, METHYLDOPATE HCL, UP TO 250 MG INJECTION, ALPHA 1 - PROTEINASE INHIBITOR - HUMAN, 10 MG INJECTION, AMIODARONE HYDROCHLORIDE, 30 MG INJECTION, AMPHOTERICIN B, ANY LIPID FORMULATION, 50 MG INJECTION, AMPHOTERICIN B LIPID COMPLEX, 10 MG INJECTION, AMPHOTERICIN B CHOLESTERYL SULFATE COMPLEX, 10 MG INJECTION, AMPHOTERICIN B LIPOSOME, 10 MG INJECTION, AMPICILLIN SODIUM/SULBACTAM SODIUM, PER 1.5 GM INJECTION, SUCCINYLCHOLINE CHLORIDE, UP TO 20 MG INJECTION, METARAMINOL BITARTRATE, PER 10 MG INJECTION, CHLOROQUINE HYDROCHLORIDE, UP TO 250 MG INJECTION, ATROPINE SULFATE, UP TO 0.3 MG INJECTION, BACLOFEN, 50 MCG FOR INTRATHECAL TRIAL INJECTION, BENZTROPINE MESYLATE, PER 1 MG INJECTION, BETHANECHOL CHLORIDE, MYOTONACHOL OR URECHOLINE, UP TO 5 MG ...
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Pharmacological treatments directed at increasing cortical acetylcholine activity in patients with Alzheimers disease have largely been disappointing, perhaps because denervated areas of brain may not be exposed to adequate amounts of drug. A new method has been developed to enable localized intracerebral delivery of neurotransmitter substances using a polymeric drug delivery system. Microspheres of a polyanhydride sebacic acid copolymer were impregnated with bethanechol, an acetylcholinesterase-resistant cholinomimetic. Twenty rats received bilateral fimbria-fornix lesions, producing cholinergic denervation of the hippocampus and marked impairment in spatial memory. The animals were trained for 2 weeks to run an eight-arm radial maze, after which they received bilateral intrahippocampal implants of saline (five rats), blank polymer (five rats), or bethanechol-impregnated polymer (10 rats). Following implantation, spatial memory was assessed by radial-maze performance testing for 40 days. ...
ACOUSTICS AND PSYCHOACOUSTICS. Ando, Y. (1998). Architectural Acoustics: Blending Sound Sources, Sound Fields and Listeners. New York: Springer-Verlag. Attempting to fuse art and science, Ando combines subjective and objective factors involved in concert hall design with special attention to a model of the auditory-brain system.. Backus, J. (1969). The Acoustical Foundations of Music. New York: Norton.. Bech, S. (1998). Spatial Aspects of Reproduced Sound in Small Rooms. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 103 (1), 434-445. Part of a suite [see following] of important reports on the audibility of individual sound reflections off nearby walls in domestic-sized rooms.. Bech, S. (1995). Timbral Aspects of Reproduced Sound in Small Rooms, I. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 97 (3), 1717-1726.. Bech, S. (1996). Timbral Aspects of Reproduced Sound in Small Rooms, II. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 99 (6), 3539-3549.. Begault, D.R. (1994). 3-D Sound for Virtual ...
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In our intriguing Works in Progress section, we present new films currently in post-production. Selected scenes from each film, together with a short presentation, will give the participants an exclusive and unique preview of the upcoming lineup. The directors and/or producers will present their own films, each presentation lasting approximately 10 minutes.. This years Works in Progress takes place Thursday August 20th.. The line up for Works in Progress at the 2020 edition are:. Anatolian Leopard (Anadolu leopari) directed by Emre Kayis. Backyard Village (Þorpið í bakgarðinum) directed by Marteinn Thorsson. Band: This is Not a Band (Band: This is Not a Band) directed by Álfrún Örnólfsdóttir. Beautiful Land (Beautiful Land) directed by Torben Bech. A Blind Man Who Did Not Want to See Titanic (A Blind Man Who Did Not Want to See Titanic) directed by Teemu Nikki. Excess Will Save Us - The Movie (Excess Will Save Us - The Movie) directed by Morgane Dziurla-Petit). The Food Club ...
Bech, B., Primdahl, J., van Tubergen, A., Voshaar, M., Zangi, H. A., Barbosa, L., Boström, C., Boteva, B., Carubbi, F., Fayet, F., Ferreira, R. J. O., Hoeper, K., Kocher, A., Kukkurainen, M. L., Lion, V., Minnock, P., Moretti, A., Ndosi, M., Pavic Nikolic, M., Schirmer, M. & 4 flere, Smucrova, H., de la Torre-Aboki, J., Waite-Jones, J. & van Eijk-Hustings, Y., jan. 2020, I : Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 79, 1, s. 61-68. Publikation: Bidrag til tidsskrift › Tidsskriftartikel › Formidling ...
Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2014 Jan 1;39(1):81-90. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000000059. Kongsted A1, Vach W, Axø M, Bech RN, Hestbaek L. 1*Nordic Institute of Ch
The quest to observe the Higgs boson has certainly been plagued by its share of troubles, from the cancellation of the Superconducting Supercollider in 1993 to the Large Hadron Colliders streak of technical troubles. In fact, the projects have suffered such bad luck that Holger Bech Nielsen of the Niels Bohr Institute in Copenhagen and Masao Ninomiya of the Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics in Kyoto wonder if it isnt bad luck at all, but future influences rippling back to sabotage them. In papers like Test of Effect From Future in Large Hadron Collider: a Proposal and Search for Future Influence From LHC, they put forth the notion that observing the Higgs boson would be such an abhorrent event that the future is actually trying to prevent it from happening ...
The quest to observe the Higgs boson has certainly been plagued by its share of troubles, from the cancellation of the Superconducting Supercollider in 1993 to the Large Hadron Colliders streak of technical troubles. In fact, the projects have suffered such bad luck that Holger Bech Nielsen of the Niels Bohr Institute in Copenhagen and Masao Ninomiya of the Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics in Kyoto wonder if it isnt bad luck at all, but future influences rippling back to sabotage them. In papers like Test of Effect From Future in Large Hadron Collider: a Proposal and Search for Future Influence From LHC, they put forth the notion that observing the Higgs boson would be such an abhorrent event that the future is actually trying to prevent it from happening ...
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  • Bethanechol chloride, a cholinergic agent, is a synthetic ester which is structurally and pharmacologically related to acetylcholine. (nih.gov)
  • Bethanechol chloride, USP is a white, hygroscopic crystalline powder having a slight amine-like odor, freely soluble in water, and has a molecular weight of 196.68. (nih.gov)
  • Each tablet for oral administration contains 5 mg, 10 mg, 25 mg or 50 mg bethanechol chloride, USP. (nih.gov)
  • Bethanechol chloride Tablets, USP also contain the following inactive ingredients: anhydrous lactose, colloidal silicon dioxide, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose and sodium starch glycolate, Type A. The 25 mg and 50 mg tablets also contain D&C Yellow No.10 Aluminum Lake and FD&C Yellow No. 6 Aluminum Lake. (nih.gov)
  • Bethanechol chloride acts principally by producing the effects of stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system. (nih.gov)
  • Bethanechol chloride is not destroyed by cholinesterase and its effects are more prolonged than those of acetylcholine. (nih.gov)
  • Effects on the GI and urinary tracts sometimes appear within 30 minutes after oral administration of bethanechol chloride, but more often 60 to 90 minutes are required to reach maximum effectiveness. (nih.gov)
  • Following oral administration, the usual duration of action of bethanechol chloride is one hour, although large doses (300 mg to 400 mg) have been reported to produce effects for up to six hours. (nih.gov)
  • Because of the selective action of bethanechol chloride, nicotinic symptoms of cholinergic stimulation are usually absent or minimal when orally or subcutaneously administered in therapeutic doses, while muscarinic effects are prominent. (nih.gov)
  • Bethanechol chloride does not cross the blood-brain barrier because of its charged quaternary amine moiety. (nih.gov)
  • 23 to 24, July 1977) was conducted on the relative effectiveness of oral and subcutaneous doses of bethanechol chloride on the stretch response of bladder muscle in patients with urinary retention. (nih.gov)
  • Bethanechol chloride tablets are indicated for the treatment of acute postoperative and postpartum nonobstructive (functional) urinary retention and for neurogenic atony of the urinary bladder with retention. (nih.gov)
  • Bethanechol chloride is a direct-acting muscarinic receptor agonist. (axonmedchem.com)
  • Chemical Raw Bethanechol Chloride Powder with High Quality CAS: 590-63-6 Basic Info Model NO.: CAS 590-63-6 Trademark: YC Transport Package: Foil Bag Specification: white powder Origin: China Product Descriptio. (massbuildingprohormones.com)
  • What is bethanechol chloride? (eastatlantaanimalclinic.com)
  • How is bethanechol chloride given? (eastatlantaanimalclinic.com)
  • Bethanechol chloride is given by mouth in the form of a tablet or a compounded liquid suspension. (eastatlantaanimalclinic.com)
  • Bethanechol chloride should be used cautiously in pets that have overactive thyroid, seizures, asthma, bronchitis, or low blood pressure. (eastatlantaanimalclinic.com)
  • The following medications should be used with caution when given with bethanechol chloride: anticholinergic drugs, cholinergic drugs, ganglionic blocking drugs, procainamide, or quinidine. (eastatlantaanimalclinic.com)
  • How do I store bethanechol chloride? (eastatlantaanimalclinic.com)
  • Bethanechol chloride is given by mouth or injection and is used off label to increase urinary or intestinal movement/activity. (dearbornanimalclinic.net)
  • Because approximately 80% of reported patients with somatostatinomas have gallstones, this study was performed to determine the effects of exogenous somatostatin on gallbladder emptying responses to liquid and solid meals, direct cholinergic stimulation by bethanechol, indirect cholinergic stimulation by sham feeding, and intravenously administered octapeptide of cholecystokinin. (nih.gov)
  • Bethanechol is a cholinergic agonist falls in the class of choline esters. (gpatindia.com)
  • Bethanechol directly stimulates cholinergic receptors present in the parasympathetic nervous system. (gpatindia.com)
  • bethanechol and huperzine A both increase cholinergic effects/transmission. (medscape.com)
  • Cholinergic drugs such as bethanechol may increase the effect of metoclopramide on the GI system. (wedgewoodpharmacy.com)
  • Both intestinal motility and host resistance against larval infection were restored by treatment with the muscarinic agonist bethanechol. (nature.com)
  • Others include, metoclopramide, Maalox and Bethanechol which their safety and effectiveness in children has not yet been established. (nursingwritingservice.com)
  • Take tablet Urotone (Bethanechol), one tablet thrice a day for a month. (icliniq.com)
  • Bethanechol is used to treat urinary retention (difficulty urinating), which may occur after surgery, after delivering a baby, and in other situations. (permisbateau66.com)
  • Bethanechol is generally used to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the GI tract following abdominal surgery or in urinary retention in the absence of obstruction. (bvsalud.org)
  • tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to bethanechol or any other drugs. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Acts of unwanted discovery that bethanechol could reverse erectile failure will necessarily occur often. (psm.edu)
  • Bethanechol is used to relieve difficulties in urinating caused by surgery, drugs, or other factors. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Bethanechol improves smooth muscle function in patients with severe ineffective esophageal motility. (axonmedchem.com)
  • Gives the Secretary of State and the USAID Administrator authority to provide additional paid leave Norwalk Public Schools will have a two-hour early dismissal Friday Research has also shown that the use of supervised drug consumption facilities is associated generic bethanechol money order online uk Most positions require some years of work experience in addition to the required education. (wiscobrews.com)
  • In the second phase of the telemetric study, phenylpropanolamine, oestriol, bethanechol, oxybutynin or duloxetine were administered orally for 15 days. (biomedcentral.com)