Beta transducin repeat containing proteins. Medical search

A heterotrimeric GTP-binding protein that mediates the light activation signal from photolyzed rhodopsin to cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase and is pivotal in the visual excitation process. Activation of rhodopsin on the outer membrane of rod and cone cells causes GTP to bind to transducin followed by dissociation of the alpha subunit-GTP complex from the beta/gamma subunits of transducin. The alpha subunit-GTP complex activates the cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase which catalyzes the hydrolysis of cyclic GMP to 5'-GMP. This leads to closure of the sodium and calcium channels and therefore hyperpolarization of the rod cells. EC 3.6.1.-.

The portion of a retinal rod cell situated between the ROD INNER SEGMENT and the RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM. It contains a stack of photosensitive disk membranes laden with RHODOPSIN.

A purplish-red, light-sensitive pigment found in RETINAL ROD CELLS of most vertebrates. It is a complex consisting of a molecule of ROD OPSIN and a molecule of 11-cis retinal (RETINALDEHYDE). Rhodopsin exhibits peak absorption wavelength at about 500 nm.

Enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of cyclic GMP to yield guanosine-5'-phosphate.

Photosensitive afferent neurons located in the peripheral retina, with their density increases radially away from the FOVEA CENTRALIS. Being much more sensitive to light than the RETINAL CONE CELLS, the rod cells are responsible for twilight vision (at scotopic intensities) as well as peripheral vision, but provide no color discrimination.

Proteins that regulate the signaling activity of GTP-BINDING PROTEINS. They are divided into three categories depending upon whether they stimulate GTPase activity (GTPASE-ACTIVATING PROTEINS), inhibit release of GDP; (GUANINE NUCLEOTIDE DISSOCIATION INHIBITORS); or exchange GTP for GDP; (GUANINE NUCLEOTIDE EXCHANGE FACTORS).

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

Specialized cells that detect and transduce light. They are classified into two types based on their light reception structure, the ciliary photoreceptors and the rhabdomeric photoreceptors with MICROVILLI. Ciliary photoreceptor cells use OPSINS that activate a PHOSPHODIESTERASE phosphodiesterase cascade. Rhabdomeric photoreceptor cells use opsins that activate a PHOSPHOLIPASE C cascade.

Microsatellite repeats consisting of three nucleotides dispersed in the euchromatic arms of chromosomes.

A 48-Kd protein of the outer segment of the retinal rods and a component of the phototransduction cascade. Arrestin quenches G-protein activation by binding to phosphorylated photolyzed rhodopsin. Arrestin causes experimental autoimmune uveitis when injected into laboratory animals.

Guanosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate), monoanhydride with phosphorothioic acid. A stable GTP analog which enjoys a variety of physiological actions such as stimulation of guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, phosphoinositide hydrolysis, cyclic AMP accumulation, and activation of specific proto-oncogenes.

A cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase subfamily that is highly specific for CYCLIC GMP. It is found predominantly in the outer segment PHOTORECEPTOR CELLS of the RETINA. It is comprised of two catalytic subunits, referred to as alpha and beta, that form a dimer. In addition two regulatory subunits, referred to as gamma and delta, modulate the activity and localization of the enzyme.

Guanosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.

Enzymes that hydrolyze GTP to GDP. EC 3.6.1.-.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum in the visible, ultraviolet, and infrared range.

Regulatory proteins that act as molecular switches. They control a wide range of biological processes including: receptor signaling, intracellular signal transduction pathways, and protein synthesis. Their activity is regulated by factors that control their ability to bind to and hydrolyze GTP to GDP. EC 3.6.1.-.

An interleukin-1 subtype that is synthesized as an inactive membrane-bound pro-protein. Proteolytic processing of the precursor form by CASPASE 1 results in release of the active form of interleukin-1beta from the membrane.

Copies of DNA sequences which lie adjacent to each other in the same orientation (direct tandem repeats) or in the opposite direction to each other (INVERTED TANDEM REPEATS).

A PROTEIN-SERINE-THREONINE KINASE that is found in PHOTORECEPTOR CELLS. It mediates light-dependent PHOSPHORYLATION of RHODOPSIN and plays an important role in PHOTOTRANSDUCTION.

Sequences of DNA or RNA that occur in multiple copies. There are several types: INTERSPERSED REPETITIVE SEQUENCES are copies of transposable elements (DNA TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS or RETROELEMENTS) dispersed throughout the genome. TERMINAL REPEAT SEQUENCES flank both ends of another sequence, for example, the long terminal repeats (LTRs) on RETROVIRUSES. Variations may be direct repeats, those occurring in the same direction, or inverted repeats, those opposite to each other in direction. TANDEM REPEAT SEQUENCES are copies which lie adjacent to each other, direct or inverted (INVERTED REPEAT SEQUENCES).

Photosensitive protein complexes of varied light absorption properties which are expressed in the PHOTORECEPTOR CELLS. They are OPSINS conjugated with VITAMIN A-based chromophores. Chromophores capture photons of light, leading to the activation of opsins and a biochemical cascade that ultimately excites the photoreceptor cells.

An ester formed between the aldehydic carbon of RIBOSE and the terminal phosphate of ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE. It is produced by the hydrolysis of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD) by a variety of enzymes, some of which transfer an ADP-ribosyl group to target proteins.

Adjustment of the eyes under conditions of low light. The sensitivity of the eye to light is increased during dark adaptation.

The process in which light signals are transformed by the PHOTORECEPTOR CELLS into electrical signals which can then be transmitted to the brain.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

A guanine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Photosensitive proteins expressed in the ROD PHOTORECEPTOR CELLS. They are the protein components of rod photoreceptor pigments such as RHODOPSIN.

A non-hydrolyzable analog of GTP, in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta to the gamma phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom. It binds tightly to G-protein in the presence of Mg2+. The nucleotide is a potent stimulator of ADENYLYL CYCLASES.

The GTPase-containing subunits of heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins. When dissociated from the heterotrimeric complex these subunits interact with a variety of second messenger systems. Hydrolysis of GTP by the inherent GTPase activity of the subunit causes it to revert to its inactive (heterotrimeric) form. The GTP-Binding protein alpha subunits are grouped into families according to the type of action they have on second messenger systems.

Compounds and molecular complexes that consist of very large numbers of atoms and are generally over 500 kDa in size. In biological systems macromolecular substances usually can be visualized using ELECTRON MICROSCOPY and are distinguished from ORGANELLES by the lack of a membrane structure.

An 11-kDa protein associated with the outer membrane of many cells including lymphocytes. It is the small subunit of the MHC class I molecule. Association with beta 2-microglobulin is generally required for the transport of class I heavy chains from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cell surface. Beta 2-microglobulin is present in small amounts in serum, csf, and urine of normal people, and to a much greater degree in the urine and plasma of patients with tubular proteinemia, renal failure, or kidney transplants.

A carotenoid constituent of visual pigments. It is the oxidized form of retinol which functions as the active component of the visual cycle. It is bound to the protein opsin forming the complex rhodopsin. When stimulated by visible light, the retinal component of the rhodopsin complex undergoes isomerization at the 11-position of the double bond to the cis-form; this is reversed in "dark" reactions to return to the native trans-configuration.

A colorless inorganic compound (HONH2) used in organic synthesis and as a reducing agent, due to its ability to donate nitric oxide.

GTP-BINDING PROTEINS that contain three non-identical subunits. They are found associated with members of the seven transmembrane domain superfamily of G-PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTORS. Upon activation the GTP-BINDING PROTEIN ALPHA SUBUNIT of the complex dissociates leaving a dimer of a GTP-BINDING PROTEIN BETA SUBUNIT bound to a GTP-BINDING PROTEIN GAMMA SUBUNIT.

Photosensitive afferent neurons located primarily within the FOVEA CENTRALIS of the MACULA LUTEA. There are three major types of cone cells (red, blue, and green) whose photopigments have different spectral sensitivity curves. Retinal cone cells operate in daylight vision (at photopic intensities) providing color recognition and central visual acuity.

An increased number of contiguous trinucleotide repeats in the DNA sequence from one generation to the next. The presence of these regions is associated with diseases such as FRAGILE X SYNDROME and MYOTONIC DYSTROPHY. Some CHROMOSOME FRAGILE SITES are composed of sequences where trinucleotide repeat expansion occurs.

The conversion of absorbed light energy into molecular signals.

Tandem arrays of moderately repetitive, short (10-60 bases) DNA sequences which are found dispersed throughout the GENOME, at the ends of chromosomes (TELOMERES), and clustered near telomeres. Their degree of repetition is two to several hundred at each locus. Loci number in the thousands but each locus shows a distinctive repeat unit.

A large family of evolutionarily conserved proteins that function as negative regulators of HETEROTRIMERIC GTP-BINDING PROTEINS. RGS PROTEINS act by increasing the GTPase activity of the G alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric GTP-binding protein, causing it to revert to its inactive (GDP-bound) form.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

Protein motif that contains a 33-amino acid long sequence that often occurs in tandem arrays. This repeating sequence of 33-amino acids was discovered in ANKYRIN where it is involved in interaction with the anion exchanger (ANION EXCHANGE PROTEIN 1, ERYTHROCYTE). Ankyrin repeats cooperatively fold into domains that mediate molecular recognition via protein-protein interactions.

The adjustment of the eye to variations in the intensity of light. Light adaptation is the adjustment of the eye when the light threshold is increased; DARK ADAPTATION when the light is greatly reduced. (From Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)

A set of BACTERIAL ADHESINS and TOXINS, BIOLOGICAL produced by BORDETELLA organisms that determine the pathogenesis of BORDETELLA INFECTIONS, such as WHOOPING COUGH. They include filamentous hemagglutinin; FIMBRIAE PROTEINS; pertactin; PERTUSSIS TOXIN; ADENYLATE CYCLASE TOXIN; dermonecrotic toxin; tracheal cytotoxin; Bordetella LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES; and tracheal colonization factor.

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

A sequential pattern of amino acids occurring more than once in the same protein sequence.

One of the virulence factors produced by BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS. It is a multimeric protein composed of five subunits S1 - S5. S1 contains mono ADPribose transferase activity.

The ten-layered nervous tissue membrane of the eye. It is continuous with the OPTIC NERVE and receives images of external objects and transmits visual impulses to the brain. Its outer surface is in contact with the CHOROID and the inner surface with the VITREOUS BODY. The outer-most layer is pigmented, whereas the inner nine layers are transparent.

One of two major pharmacologically defined classes of adrenergic receptors. The beta adrenergic receptors play an important role in regulating CARDIAC MUSCLE contraction, SMOOTH MUSCLE relaxation, and GLYCOGENOLYSIS.

An integrin beta subunit of approximately 85-kDa in size which has been found in INTEGRIN ALPHAIIB-containing and INTEGRIN ALPHAV-containing heterodimers. Integrin beta3 occurs as three alternatively spliced isoforms, designated beta3A-C.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

A variety of simple repeat sequences that are distributed throughout the GENOME. They are characterized by a short repeat unit of 2-8 basepairs that is repeated up to 100 times. They are also known as short tandem repeats (STRs).

Inorganic compounds that contain aluminum as an integral part of the molecule.

The most common of the microsatellite tandem repeats (MICROSATELLITE REPEATS) dispersed in the euchromatic arms of chromosomes. They consist of two nucleotides repeated in tandem; guanine and thymine, (GT)n, is the most frequently seen.

Specialized PHOTOTRANSDUCTION neurons in the vertebrates, such as the RETINAL ROD CELLS and the RETINAL CONE CELLS. Non-visual photoreceptor neurons have been reported in the deep brain, the PINEAL GLAND and organs of the circadian system.

Single chains of amino acids that are the units of multimeric PROTEINS. Multimeric proteins can be composed of identical or non-identical subunits. One or more monomeric subunits may compose a protomer which itself is a subunit structure of a larger assembly.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

Heterotrimeric GTP-binding protein subunits that tightly associate with GTP-BINDING PROTEIN GAMMA SUBUNITS. A dimer of beta and gamma subunits is formed when the GTP-BINDING PROTEIN ALPHA SUBUNIT dissociates from the GTP-binding protein heterotrimeric complex. The beta-gamma dimer can play an important role in signal transduction by interacting with a variety of second messengers.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

Nucleotides in which the base moiety is substituted with one or more sulfur atoms.

Copies of nucleic acid sequence that are arranged in opposing orientation. They may lie adjacent to each other (tandem) or be separated by some sequence that is not part of the repeat (hyphenated). They may be true palindromic repeats, i.e. read the same backwards as forward, or complementary which reads as the base complement in the opposite orientation. Complementary inverted repeats have the potential to form hairpin loop or stem-loop structures which results in cruciform structures (such as CRUCIFORM DNA) when the complementary inverted repeats occur in double stranded regions.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

An increase number of repeats of a genomic, tandemly repeated DNA sequence from one generation to the next.

Organic compounds that contain the (-NH2OH) radical.

A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.

The light sensitive outer portion of a retinal rod or a cone photoreceptor cell. The outer segment contains a stack of disk membranes laden with photoreceptive pigments (RETINAL PIGMENTS). The outer segment is connected to the inner segment by a PHOTORECEPTOR CONNECTING CILIUM.

Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

The process of moving proteins from one cellular compartment (including extracellular) to another by various sorting and transport mechanisms such as gated transport, protein translocation, and vesicular transport.

The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

A class of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of one of the two ester bonds in a phosphodiester compound. EC 3.1.4.

The human F box protein beta-Trcp associates with the Cul1/Skp1 complex and regulates the stability of beta-catenin. (1/185)

Ubiquitin-conjugation targets numerous cellular regulators for proteasome-mediated degradation. Thus, the identification of ubiquitin ligases and their physiological substrates is crucially important, especially for those cases in which aberrant levels of regulatory proteins (e.g., beta-catenin, p27) result from a deregulated ubiquitination pathway. In yeast, the proteolysis of several G1 regulators is controlled by ubiquitin ligases (or SCFs) formed by three subunits: Skp1, Cul A (Cdc53), and one of many F-box proteins. Specific F-box proteins (Fbps) recruit different substrates to the SCF. Although many Fbps have been identified in mammals, their specific substrates and the existence of multiple SCFs have not yet been reported. We have found that one human Fbp, beta-Trcp (beta-Transducin repeat containing protein), does indeed form a novel SCF with human Skp1 and Cul1. Consistent with recent reports indicating that Xenopus and Drosophila beta-Trcp homologs act as negative regulators of the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway, we report here that human beta-Trcp interacts with beta-catenin in vivo. Furthermore, beta-catenin is specifically stabilized in vivo by the expression of a dominant negative beta-Trcp. These results indicate that the Cul1/Skp1/beta-Trcp complex forms a ubiquitin ligase that mediates the degradation of beta-catenin. (+info)

The F-box protein beta-TrCP associates with phosphorylated beta-catenin and regulates its activity in the cell. (2/185)

Defects in beta-catenin regulation contribute to the neoplastic transformation of mammalian cells. Dysregulation of beta-catenin can result from missense mutations that affect critical sites of phosphorylation by glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta). Given that phosphorylation can regulate targeted degradation of beta-catenin by the proteasome, beta-catenin might interact with an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex containing an F-box protein, as is the case for certain cell cycle regulators. Accordingly, disruption of the Drosophila F-box protein Slimb upregulates the beta-catenin homolog Armadillo. We reasoned that the human homologs of Slimb - beta-TrCP and its isoform beta-TrCP2 (KIAA0696) - might interact with beta-catenin. We found that the binding of beta-TrCP to beta-catenin was direct and dependent upon the WD40 repeat sequences in beta-TrCP and on phosphorylation of the GSK3beta sites in beta-catenin. Endogenous beta-catenin and beta-TrCP could be coimmunoprecipitated from mammalian cells. Overexpression of wild-type beta-TrCP in mammalian cells promoted the downregulation of beta-catenin, whereas overexpression of a dominant-negative deletion mutant upregulated beta-catenin protein levels and activated signaling dependent on the transcription factor Tcf. In contrast, beta-TrCP2 did not associate with beta-catenin. We conclude that beta-TrCP is a component of an E3 ubiquitin ligase that is responsible for the targeted degradation of phosphorylated beta-catenin. (+info)

Inducible degradation of IkappaBalpha by the proteasome requires interaction with the F-box protein h-betaTrCP. (3/185)

Activation of NF-kappaB transcription factors requires phosphorylation and ubiquitin-proteasome-dependent degradation of IkappaB proteins. We provide evidence that a human F-box protein, h-betaTrCP, a component of Skp1-Cullin-F-box protein (SCF) complexes, a new class of E3 ubiquitin ligases, is essential for inducible degradation of IkappaBalpha. betaTrCP associates with Ser32-Ser36 phosphorylated, but not with unmodified IkappaBalpha or Ser32-Ser36 phosphorylation-deficient mutants. Expression of a F-box-deleted betaTrCP inhibits IkappaBalpha degradation, promotes accumulation of phosphorylated Ser32-Ser36 IkappaBalpha, and prevents NF-kappaB-dependent transcription. Our findings indicate that betaTrCP is the adaptor protein required for IkappaBalpha recognition by the SCFbetaTrCP E3 complex that ubiquitinates IkappaBalpha and makes it a substrate for the proteasome. (+info)

Negative regulation of axis formation and Wnt signaling in Xenopus embryos by the F-box/WD40 protein beta TrCP. (4/185)

Screening a maternal Xenopus expression library for activities that synergize with low levels of injected beta-catenin, we have isolated a clone encoding the C-terminal end of x-beta TrCP-2, a highly conserved protein belonging to the F-box/WD40 family of ubiquitin-ligase specificity factors. We show that x-beta TrCP-2 expression reduces dorsal axis formation in Xenopus embryos. A dominant negative mutant lacking the F-box triggers the opposite effect, inducing secondary axes and activating the expression of Wnt responsive genes in ectodermal explants. In light of the existence of beta TrCP transcripts associated with the vegetal cortex, we propose that beta TrCP plays a fundamental role in the establishment of the dorsal determinants during cortical rotation in Xenopus. (+info)

An F-box protein, FWD1, mediates ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis of beta-catenin. (5/185)

beta-catenin plays an essential role in the Wingless/Wnt signaling cascade and is a component of the cadherin cell adhesion complex. Deregulation of beta-catenin accumulation as a result of mutations in adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) tumor suppressor protein is believed to initiate colorectal neoplasia. beta-catenin levels are regulated by the ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis system and beta-catenin ubiquitination is preceded by phosphorylation of its N-terminal region by the glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta)/Axin kinase complex. Here we show that FWD1 (the mouse homologue of Slimb/betaTrCP), an F-box/WD40-repeat protein, specifically formed a multi-molecular complex with beta-catenin, Axin, GSK-3beta and APC. Mutations at the signal-induced phosphorylation site of beta-catenin inhibited its association with FWD1. FWD1 facilitated ubiquitination and promoted degradation of beta-catenin, resulting in reduced cytoplasmic beta-catenin levels. In contrast, a dominant-negative mutant form of FWD1 inhibited the ubiquitination process and stabilized beta-catenin. These results suggest that the Skp1/Cullin/F-box protein FWD1 (SCFFWD1)-ubiquitin ligase complex is involved in beta-catenin ubiquitination and that FWD1 serves as an intracellular receptor for phosphorylated beta-catenin. FWD1 also links the phosphorylation machinery to the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway to ensure prompt and efficient proteolysis of beta-catenin in response to external signals. SCFFWD1 may be critical for tumor development and suppression through regulation of beta-catenin protein stability. (+info)

HOS, a human homolog of Slimb, forms an SCF complex with Skp1 and Cullin1 and targets the phosphorylation-dependent degradation of IkappaB and beta-catenin. (6/185)

SCF E3 ubiquitin ligases mediate ubiquitination and proteasome-dependent degradation of phosphorylated substrates. We identified a human F-box/WD40 repeats protein (HOS), which is homologous to Slimb/h betaTrCP. Being a part of SCF complex with Skp1 and Cullin1, HOS specifically interacted with the phosphorylated IkappaB and beta-catenin, targeting these proteins for proteasome-dependent degradation in vivo. This targeting required Cullin1 as expression of a mutant Cullin1 abrogated the degradation of IkappaB and of beta-catenin. Mutant HOS which lacks the F-box blocked TNF alpha-induced degradation of IkappaB as well as GSK3beta-mediated degradation of beta-catenin. This mutant also inhibited NF-kappaB transactivation and increased the beta-catenin-dependent transcription activity of Tcf. These results demonstrate that SCF(HOS) E3 ubiquitin ligase regulate both NF-kappaB and beta-catenin signaling pathways. (+info)

beta-Trcp couples beta-catenin phosphorylation-degradation and regulates Xenopus axis formation. (7/185)

Regulation of beta-catenin stability is essential for Wnt signal transduction during development and tumorigenesis. It is well known that serine-phosphorylation of beta-catenin by the Axin-glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3beta complex targets beta-catenin for ubiquitination-degradation, and mutations at critical phosphoserine residues stabilize beta-catenin and cause human cancers. How beta-catenin phosphorylation results in its degradation is undefined. Here we show that phosphorylated beta-catenin is specifically recognized by beta-Trcp, an F-box/WD40-repeat protein that also associates with Skp1, an essential component of the ubiquitination apparatus. beta-catenin harboring mutations at the critical phosphoserine residues escapes recognition by beta-Trcp, thus providing a molecular explanation for why these mutations cause beta-catenin accumulation that leads to cancer. Inhibition of endogenous beta-Trcp function by a dominant negative mutant stabilizes beta-catenin, activates Wnt/beta-catenin signaling, and induces axis formation in Xenopus embryos. Therefore, beta-Trcp plays a central role in recruiting phosphorylated beta-catenin for degradation and in dorsoventral patterning of the Xenopus embryo. (+info)

A complex containing betaTrCP recruits Cdc34 to catalyse ubiquitination of IkappaBalpha. (8/185)

Activation of transcription factor NF-kappaB is accomplished by degradation of its inhibitor IkappaBalpha. Signal induced phosphorylation of IkappaBalpha on serine 32 and 36 targets the protein for ubiquitination on lysine 21 and 22. Here we use a phosphorylated peptide substrate representing residues 20-43 of IkappaBalpha to investigate requirements for ubiquitination of IkappaBalpha. Phosphorylation dependent polyubiquitination is carried out by a multiprotein complex containing betaTrCP, Skp1 and Cdc53 (Cull). In the presence of ubiquitin activating enzyme and the protein complex containing betaTrCP, polyubiquitination of IkappaBalpha peptide was dependent on the presence of Cdc34, while Ubc5 only stimulated mono- and di-ubiquitination. (+info)

βTrCP2 (beta-transducin repeat containing protein 2; also known as Fbxw11 or HOS) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ... Fong A, Sun SC (Jun 2002). "Genetic evidence for the essential role of beta-transducin repeat-containing protein in the ... Fbxws containing WD40 repeats, Fbxls containing leucine-rich repeats, and Fbxos containing either "other" protein-protein ... The F-box proteins constitute one of the four subunits of ubiquitin protein ligase complex called SCFs (Skp1-Cul1-F-box protein ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FBXW11

Similar to mammalian G protein beta subunits, this protein contains transducin-like repeats. Several transcript variants with ... Takagaki Y, Manley JL (November 1992). "A human polyadenylation factor is a G protein beta-subunit homologue". The Journal of ... Cleavage stimulation factor 50 kDa subunit is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CSTF1 gene. This gene encodes one of ... Takagaki Y, Manley JL (March 2000). "Complex protein interactions within the human polyadenylation machinery identify a novel ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CSTF1

Transducin beta-like protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TBL3 gene. The protein encoded by this gene has ... It is believed that the WD40 repeats mediate protein-protein interactions and members of the family are involved in signal ... beta)-like 3". Rual JF, Venkatesan K, Hao T, et al. (2005). "Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein ... sequence similarity with members of the WD40 repeat-containing protein family. The WD40 group is a large family of proteins, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TBL3

Fong A, Sun SC (Jun 2002). "Genetic evidence for the essential role of beta-transducin repeat-containing protein in the ... Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p100 subunit is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NFKB2 gene. NF-κB has been detected in ... The protein NFKB2 can become mutated and lead to hereditary endocrine and immuneodeficiences. The mutation occurs at the C- ... NFKB2+protein,+human at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Overview of all the structural ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NFKB2

Transducin (beta)-like 1X-linked, also known as TBL1X, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the TBL1X gene. The protein ... It is believed that the WD40 repeats mediate protein-protein interactions and members of the family are involved in signal ... "Entrez Gene: TBL1X transducin (beta)-like 1X-linked". Zhang J, Kalkum M, Chait BT, Roeder RG (March 2002). "The N-CoR-HDAC3 ... a WD40-repeat protein linked to deafness". Genes Dev. 14 (9): 1048-57. doi:10.1101/gad.14.9.1048 (inactive 2021-01-11). PMC ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TBL1X

Beta-transducin repeat-containing protein (βTRCP) is an FBP that targets emi1-an APC/C-Cdh1 inhibitor-and wee1 for degradation ... Skp1 - Skp1 is an adaptor protein that is essential for the recognition and binding of F-box proteins. Cullin (CUL1) - Cullin ... The SCF complex also marks various other cellular proteins for destruction. SCF contains a variable F-box protein and three ... Instead, FBP affinity for protein substrates is regulated through cyclin-CDK-mediated phosphorylation of target proteins. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCF_complex

Fong A, Sun SC (June 2002). "Genetic evidence for the essential role of beta-transducin repeat-containing protein in the ... beta-transducin repeat containing) gene. This gene encodes a member of the F-box protein family which is characterized by an ... "Entrez Gene: BTRC beta-transducin repeat containing". Margottin F, Bour SP, Durand H, Selig L, Benichou S, Richard V, Thomas D ... Fbxws containing WD40 repeats, Fbxls containing leucine-rich repeats, and Fbxos containing either "other" protein-protein ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BTRC_(gene)

... receptor kinase and beta-spectrin to WD40/beta-transducin repeat containing regions of the beta-subunit of trimeric G-proteins ... ARAP proteins contain five PH domains. Serine/threonine-specific protein kinases such as the Akt/Rac family, protein kinase D1 ... spectrin beta-chain, syntrophin (2 PH domains), and S. cerevisiae nuclear migration protein NUM1. Oxysterol-binding proteins ... and proteins such as the βγ-subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins, and protein kinase C. Through these interactions, PH domains ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleckstrin_homology_domain

The WD40 repeat (also known as the WD or beta-transducin repeat) is a short structural motif of approximately 40 amino acids, ... ZFP106 Beta-propeller Tomosyn, a protein two WD40 domains Protein tandem repeats PDB: 1erj; Sprague ER, Redd MJ, Johnson AD, ... WD40 domain-containing proteins have 4 to 16 repeating units, all of which are thought to form a circularised beta-propeller ... The blades interlock so that the last beta strand of one repeat forms with the first three of the next repeat to form the 3D ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WD40_repeat

WD40 repeats, also known as beta-transducin repeats, are short fragments found primarily in eukaryotes. They usually form beta- ... Rather than having the typical four beta-strands in a sheet, beta-lactamase inhibitor protein-II only has three beta-strands ... SCOP 4-bladed beta propellers SCOP 5-bladed beta propellers SCOP 6-bladed beta propellers SCOP 7-bladed beta propellers SCOP 8- ... The influenza virus protein viral neuraminidase is a six-bladed beta-propeller protein whose active form is a tetramer. It is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-propeller

Heterotrimeric G proteins, also called guanosine nucleotide-binding proteins, consist of three subunits, called alpha, beta, ... The amino acid sequence contains 7 WD repeat motifs of about 40 amino acids, each highly conserved and possessing the Trp-Asp ... Nevertheless, recent in vivo findings demonstrate the necessity of the transducin Gβγ complex in the functioning of rod ... "Role of beta gamma subunits of G proteins in targeting the beta-adrenergic receptor kinase to membrane-bound receptors". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G_beta-gamma_complex

F-box-like/WD repeat-containing protein TBL1XR1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TBL1XR1 gene. The protein encoded ... "Entrez Gene: TBL1XR1 transducin (beta)-like 1X-linked receptor 1". "OMIM Entry - # 602342 - PIERPONT SYNDROME; PRPTS". www.omim ... It is believed that the WD40 repeats mediate protein-protein interactions, and members of the family are involved in signal ... by this gene has sequence similarity with members of the WD40 repeat-containing protein family. The WD40 group is a large ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TBL1XR1

This protein is conserved all the way back to invertebrates. Proteins containing WD transducin repeating domains have been ... beta turns, and random coils. The human protein WDR90 adopts a 7-bladed beta propeller that is indicative of the WD40 repeat ... WD repeat-containing protein 90 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the WDR90 gene (16p13.3). This human protein is 1750 ... its ties to the protein superfamily WD40 domain-containing proteins, and the known protein interactions, it could play a role ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WDR90

They form a G-protein regulator family that also contains TPR repeats. Human proteins containing this domain include: GPSM1, ... The inactive form contains the alpha subunit bound to GDP and complexes with the beta and gamma subunit. When the ligand is ... "AGS3 inhibits GDP dissociation from galpha subunits of the Gi family and rhodopsin-dependent activation of transducin". J. Biol ... Two classes of intracellular proteins act as inhibitors of G protein activation: GTPase activating proteins (GAPs), which ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GoLoco_motif

... bcr-abl fusion protein - benzene - benzene ring - beta-2 microglobulin - beta adrenergic receptor - beta sheet - beta-1 ... talin protein - tandem repeat sequence - taste bud - TATA box - tax gene product - taxonomy - telophase - Tertiary structure - ... transducin - transformation - transforming growth factor - transforming growth factor alpha - transforming growth factor beta ... protein - protein biosynthesis - Protein Data Bank - protein design - protein expression - protein folding - protein isoform - ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_biochemistry_articles

"The rod cGMP-phosphodiesterase beta-subunit promoter is a specific target for Sp4 and is not activated by other Sp proteins or ... "Association of the Asn306Ser variant of the SP4 transcription factor and an intronic variant in the beta-subunit of transducin ... "Different members of the Sp1 multigene family exert opposite transcriptional regulation of the long terminal repeat of HIV-1". ... "Nrl and Sp nuclear proteins mediate transcription of rod-specific cGMP-phosphodiesterase beta-subunit gene: involvement of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sp4_transcription_factor

1jah: H-RAS P21 PROTEIN MUTANT G12P, COMPLEXED WITH GUANOSINE-5'-[BETA,GAMMA-METHYLENE] TRIPHOSPHATE AND MAGNESIUM ... "The leucine-rich repeat protein SUR-8 enhances MAP kinase activation and forms a complex with Ras and Raf". Genes & Development ... GO:0001948 protein binding. • GTPase activity. • identical protein binding. Cellular component. • cytoplasm. • cytosol. • ... The K-Ras protein is turned off (inactivated) when it converts the GTP to GDP. When the protein is bound to GDP, it does not ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KRAS

... is a family of cytoskeletal motor proteins that move along microtubules in cells. They convert the chemical energy ... One projection, the coiled-coil stalk, binds to and "walks" along the surface of the microtubule via a repeated cycle of ... Dynactin is a protein that aids in intracellular transport throughout the cell by linking to cytoplasmic dynein. Dynactin can ... The protein responsible for movement of cilia and flagella was first discovered and named dynein in 1963 (Karp, 2005). 20 years ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynein

... s (/ˈmaɪəsɪn, -oʊ-/[1][2]) are a superfamily of motor proteins best known for their roles in muscle contraction and in a ... ATP hydrolysis within the myosin will cause it to bind to actin again to repeat the cycle. The combined effect of the myriad ... The neck domain can also serve as a binding site for myosin light chains which are distinct proteins that form part of a ... Myosin IX is a group of single-headed motor proteins. It was first shown to be minus-end directed,[33] but a later study showed ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myosin

What is beta-transducin repeat-containing protein 2? Meaning of beta-transducin repeat-containing protein 2 medical term. What ... Looking for online definition of beta-transducin repeat-containing protein 2 in the Medical Dictionary? beta-transducin repeat- ... Beta-transducin repeat-containing protein 2 , definition of beta-transducin repeat-containing protein 2 by Medical dictionary ... redirected from beta-transducin repeat-containing protein 2) FBXW11. A gene on chromosome 5q35.1 that encodes a so-called F-box ...

https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/beta-transducin+repeat-containing+protein+2

... protein kinase binding, translation initiation factor binding, cellular response to glucose starvation, cellular response to ... View protein in InterPro. IPR020472 G-protein_beta_WD-40_rep. IPR015943 WD40/YVTN_repeat-like_dom_sf. IPR001680 WD40_repeat. ... View protein in InterPro. IPR020472 G-protein_beta_WD-40_rep. IPR015943 WD40/YVTN_repeat-like_dom_sf. IPR001680 WD40_repeat. ... View protein in PROSITE. PS00678 WD_REPEATS_1, 2 hits. PS50082 WD_REPEATS_2, 3 hits. PS50294 WD_REPEATS_REGION, 1 hit. ...

https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q9R099

F-box and leucine-rich repeat protein 3; FBXL21: F-box and leucine-rich repeat protein 21; βTrCP: beta-transducin repeat ... whose transcripts and proteins slowly accumulate during the daytime. The PER and CRY proteins associate and translocate into ... A novel mode of PAS domain interaction was observed for the PAS-B domains in which the beta-sheet surface of BMAL1 inserts ... The CLOCK protein acts as a heterodimeric transcription factor with a partner known as BMAL1 (ARNTL). ...

https://www.hhmi.org/research/molecular-and-genetic-analysis-mammalian-circadian-clocks

WD proteins are made up of highly conserved repeating units usually ending with Trp-Asp (WD). They are found in all eukaryotes ... beta-Transducin Repeat-Containing Proteins Substances * BTRC protein, human * Proteins * beta-Transducin Repeat-Containing ... The ancient regulatory-protein family of WD-repeat proteins Nature. 1994 Sep 22;371(6495):297-300. doi: 10.1038/371297a0. ... WD proteins are made up of highly conserved repeating units usually ending with Trp-Asp (WD). They are found in all eukaryotes ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8090199/?dopt=Abstract

beta-Transducin Repeat-Containing Proteins / metabolism Substances * Cell Cycle Proteins * I-kappa B Proteins ... We also demonstrate that the NEDD8 pathway is essential for the SCF(beta-TrCP) activity. In a reconstituted system, efficient ... Experiments in reconstituted systems and in cells demonstrated that SCF(beta-TrCP), which contains a mutant Cul-1 that cannot ... beta-TrCP) ubiquitin ligase Oncogene. 2004 Apr 1;23(14):2540-7. doi: 10.1038/sj.onc.1207366. ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14676825/?dopt=Abstract

beta-transducin repeat containing protein. Fbxw11tm1.1Ybn. Allele Type. Gene Symbol. Gene Name. ... Control of meiotic and mitotic progression by the F box protein beta-Trcp1 in vivo. Dev Cell 4(6):799-812PubMed: 12791266MGI: J ... Control of meiotic and mitotic progression by the F box protein beta-Trcp1 in vivo. Dev Cell 4(6):799-812PubMed: 12791266MGI: J ... Role of F-Box Protein {beta}Trcp1 in Mammary Gland Development and Tumorigenesis. Mol Cell Biol 24(18):8184-8194PubMed: ...

https://www.jax.org/strain/024473

beta-transducin repeat containing protein. MGI:1338871 Go Annotations as Summary Text (Tabular View) (GO Graph). Automated ... beta-transducin repeat containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase).. Go Annotations in Tabular Form (Text View) (GO Graph) Filter ... Exhibits beta-catenin binding activity; protein phosphorylated amino acid binding activity; and ubiquitin protein ligase ... Predicted to contribute to ubiquitin-protein transferase activity. Involved in several processes, including cellular protein ...

http://www.informatics.jax.org/go/marker/MGI:1338871

Ab162026 is a protein fragment produced in Wheat germ and has been validated in WB, ELISA. Abcam provides free protocols, tips ... WS beta transducin repeats protein. *WS betaTRP. see all. * Relevance. TBL2 (Transducin beta like 2) is a member of the beta- ... transducin protein family. It may be involved in some intracellular signaling pathway. The TBL2 gene is deleted in Williams- ... Proteins and Peptides. Proteomics tools. Agonists, activators, antagonists and inhibitors. Lysates. Multiplex Assays. By ...

https://www.abcam.com/recombinant-human-tbl2-protein-ab162026.html

F-box-like protein involved in the recruitment of the ubiquitin/19S proteasome complex to nuclear receptor-regulated ... Protein. Similar proteins. Species. Score. Length. Source. Q9BZK7. Transducin beta like 1 X-linked receptor 1. CERAT ... View protein in InterPro. IPR020472 G-protein_beta_WD-40_rep. IPR006594 LisH. IPR015943 WD40/YVTN_repeat-like_dom_sf. IPR001680 ... View protein in InterPro. IPR020472 G-protein_beta_WD-40_rep. IPR006594 LisH. IPR015943 WD40/YVTN_repeat-like_dom_sf. IPR001680 ...

https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q9BZK7

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FBXW11

Protein Coding), TBL1X Receptor 1, including: function, proteins, disorders, pathways, orthologs, and expression. GeneCards - ... This gene is a member of the WD40 repeat-containing gene family and shares sequence similarity with transducin (beta)-like 1X- ... Protein Symbol:. Q9BZK7-TBL1R_HUMAN. Recommended name:. F-box-like/WD repeat-containing protein TBL1XR1. Protein Accession:. ... This gene is a member of the WD40 repeat-containing gene family and shares sequence similarity with transducin (beta)-like 1X- ...

https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=TBL1XR1&keywords=hsa-miR-4744

A family of proteins that share the F-BOX MOTIF and are involved in protein-protein interactions. They play an important role ... They are held in the ubiquitin-ligase complex via binding to SKP DOMAIN PROTEINS. ... in process of protein ubiquition by associating with a variety of substrates and then associating into SCF UBIQUITIN LIGASE ... Proteins: 90489*Carrier Proteins: 11456*F-Box Proteins: 24*beta-Transducin Repeat-Containing Proteins: 49 ...

http://www.curehunter.com/public/keywordSummaryD044783.do

beta-transducin repeat containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase. bTrCP, betaTrCP, FBXW1A, Fwd1, beta-TrCP1, bTrCP1. 10q24.32. ... transducin beta like 1 X-linked. TBL1. EBI. Xp22.31-p22.2. TBL1XR1 transducin beta like 1 X-linked receptor 1. IRA1, FLJ12894, ... coatomer protein complex subunit alpha. HEP-COP. 1q23.2. COPB2 coatomer protein complex subunit beta 2. beta-COP, betaprime- ... LPS responsive beige-like anchor protein. CDC4L. BGL, LAB300, LBA. 4q31.3. LRWD1 leucine rich repeats and WD repeat domain ...

https://www.genenames.org/cgi-bin/genefamilies/set/362

beta-transducin repeat containing. Version history. 5.2: First introduced See MSigDB license terms here. Please note that ... Gene Set: GO_PROTEIN_PHOSPHORYLATED_AMINO_ACID_BINDING. Standard name. GO_PROTEIN_PHOSPHORYLATED_AMINO_ACID_BINDING. ... Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a phosphorylated amino acid residue within a protein.. ...

http://software.broadinstitute.org/gsea/msigdb/cards/GO_PROTEIN_PHOSPHORYLATED_AMINO_ACID_BINDING.html

... beta-transducin repeat containing), FBW1A (F-box Proteins with WD-40 Domains 1a); BTRC2, FBXW11 (F-box and WD repeat domain ... WD-40 repeats is involved in protein-protein interaction. One unit consists of ~40 amino acid.. BTRC, SLMB. SM00320. IPR001680 ... Protein ↑. SMART. InterPro. PAS. PAS (PERIOD ARNT SIM)domains were found in proteins involved in sensing for environmental ... Leucine-rich repeats. Protein-binding. One unit consists of 22~28mino acid.. FBXL3. JET. SM00370. ...

https://staff.aist.go.jp/s-hanai/clockbase/005_outline.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CSTF1

WD40 domains were first discovered in bovine beta-transducin, a subunit of the trimeric G protein transducin complex. It ... WD40 Domain (WD- Repeat)[edit]. WD40 domain is one of the most abundant domains and is one of the most active domains of the ... Protein Evolution[edit]. Protein evolution is a key indicator of the progression of proteins through time. These studies have ... Study of Protein Evolution[edit]. The two main approaches to the study of protein evolution are the analysis and comparison of ...

https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Structural_Biochemistry/Protein_Evolution

... and ASTRAL compendium for protein structure and sequence analysis ... Keywords: WD repeat WD40 repeat beta transducin repeat all beta ... Description: High resolution S. cerevisiae Bub3 mitotic checkpoint protein. Class: signaling protein. ... Compound: Cell cycle arrest protein BUB3. Species: Saccharomyces cerevisiae [TaxId:4932]. Gene: BUB3. Database cross-references ... SCOPe: Structural Classification of Proteins - extended. Release 2.07 (updated 2019-04-11, stable release March 2018) Copyright ...

http://scop.berkeley.edu/pdb/code=1yfq

Iti Scotland Limited (2013) New Substituted Peptide Compounds are Beta Transducin Repeat-Containing Protein Modulators, Useful ... Iti Scotland Limited (2013) New Substituted Peptide Compounds are Beta Transducin Repeat-Containing Protein Modulators, Useful ... The turnover of cardiac cAMP signalling proteins by the Ubiquitin proteosome.. *Inhibition of protein-protein interactions as a ... Sin, Y. Y. and Baillie, G. (2015) Heat Shock Protein 20 (HSP20) is a novel substrate for Protein Kinase D1 (PKD1). Cell ...

https://www.gla.ac.uk/researchinstitutes/icams/staff/georgebaillie/

Rabbit polyclonal Beta TRCP antibody validated for Western Blot, IHC, ICC/IF & tested in Human. Referenced in 2 publications & ... ß-transducin repeat-containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase inhibits migration, invasion and proliferation of glioma cells.. ... Expression of ß-transducin repeat-containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase in human glioma and its correlation with prognosis.. ... to the molecular weight seen with other commercially available antibodies to Human F-box/WD repeat-containing protein 1A (Beta ...

https://www.abcam.com/beta-trcp-antibody-ab71753.html

Rather, repression is effected only when Ssn6 (a TPR protein) and Tup1 (a beta-transducin repeat protein) are also present in ... The homeodomain protein alpha 2 and the SRF-like protein Mcm1 are required to establish cell type in the yeast Saccharomyces ... Together, these regulatory proteins recognize a specific DNA operator, marking a set of genes for transcriptional repression. ... recruited to target promoters by a variety of sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins. ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1739976?dopt=Abstract

... arrested at a late stage in anaphase are rescued by Xenopus cDNAs encoding N-ras or a protein with beta-transducin repeats.. W ... arrested at a late stage in anaphase are rescued by Xenopus cDNAs encoding N-ras or a protein with beta-transducin repeats. ... arrested at a late stage in anaphase are rescued by Xenopus cDNAs encoding N-ras or a protein with beta-transducin repeats. ... arrested at a late stage in anaphase are rescued by Xenopus cDNAs encoding N-ras or a protein with beta-transducin repeats. ...

https://mcb.asm.org/content/13/8/4953/figures-only

Like the mammalian G protein beta subunits, CSTF1 contains transducin-like repeats. CSTF1 is one of the numerous factors ... CSTF1 antibody was purified from mouse ascitic fluids by protein-A affinity chromatography. ... hybridization of mouse F0 myeloma cells with spleen cells from BALB/c mice immunized with a recombinant human CSTF1 protein 1- ...

https://www.prospecbio.com/cstf1_antibody

The experimental data is in the form of mass spectrometry, yeast two-hybrid, protein structure prediction, light microscopy and ... The YRC PDR provides for the searching of millions of protein descriptions from many databases to find proteins and public ... experimental data describing those proteins produced by the YRC. ... similar to beta-transducin superfamily [SGD] Organism:. ... Protein with WD-40 repeats involved in rRNA processing; associates with trans-acting ribosome biogenesis factors; ...

https://www.yeastrc.org/pdr/viewProtein.do?id=532388

Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism*. *Stem Cell Factor/metabolism*. *beta-Transducin Repeat-Containing Proteins/ ... SPAR degradation by SCF(beta-TRCP) depended on the activity-inducible protein kinase Polo-like kinase 2 (Plk2). In the presence ... SPAR degradation by SCF(beta-TRCP) depended on the activity-inducible protein kinase Polo-like kinase 2 (Plk2). In the presence ... In hippocampal neurons, disruption of the SCF(beta-TRCP) complex by overexpression of dominant interfering beta-TRCP or Cul1 ...

https://openi.nlm.nih.gov/detailedresult.php?img=PMC2570879_zbc0460854240003&req=4

The F-box protein is one of the four components of the SCF (SKp1, Cullin, F-box protein) complex, which mediates ubiquitination ... On the other hand, F-box proteins can be used in the defense response by the host. This review describes the role of F-box ... of proteins targeted for degradation by the proteasome, playing an essential role in many cellular processes. Several ... proteins and the use of the ubiquitin-proteasome system in virus-host interactions. ...

http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/14/2/4030/htm

Protein Coding), G Protein Subunit Beta 3, including: function, proteins, disorders, pathways, orthologs, and expression. ... G-protein beta WD-40 repeat signature * Beta G-protein (transducin) signature ... Guanine Nucleotide Binding Protein (G Protein), Beta Polypeptide 3 2 3 * Guanine Nucleotide-Binding Protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) Beta ... This gene encodes a beta subunit which belongs to the WD repeat G protein beta family. Beta subunits are important regulators ...

https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=GNB3

TBL1 is a 6 WD-40 repeat-containing protein (also known as beta-transducin repeat) that was identified as a subunit of the SMRT ... transducin β-like 1 (TBL1), TBL1-related protein (TBLR1), and G protein pathway suppressor 2 (GPS2), forming a functional ... J. Li, J. Wang, J. Wang et al., "Both corepressor proteins SMRT and N-CoR exist in large protein complexes containing HDAC3," ... these findings suggest that these domains are involved not only in ligand recognition but also in protein-protein interactions. ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ppar/2012/362361/

The interaction between Mule and Mcl-1 can be modulated by other Bcl-2 family proteins, while recognition of Mcl-1 by the other ... Ubiquitination of Mcl-1, that targets it for proteasomal degradation, allows for rapid elimination of the protein and ... Mcl-1 is an anti-apoptotic protein of the Bcl-2 family that is essential for the survival of multiple cell lineages and that is ... E3 ubiquitin-ligases and deubiquitinase is influenced by phosphorylation of specific residues in Mcl-1. The protein kinases and ...

http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/3/2/418/htm

TBLR1TBL1-related protein 1. *transducin (beta)-like 1 X-linked receptor 1 ... The protein encoded by this gene has sequence similarity with members of the WD40 repeat-containing protein family. The WD40 ... It is believed that the WD40 repeats mediate protein-protein interactions and members of the family are involved in signal ... TBL1XR1 (NP_071347, 81 a.a. ~ 178 a.a) partial recombinant protein with GST tag. MW of the GST tag alone is 26 KDa. ...

https://www.novusbio.com/products/tblr1-antibody-3g7_h00079718-m01

F-box proteins are divided into 3 classes: Fbxws containing WD40 repeats, Fbxls containing leucine-rich repeats, and Fbxos containing either "other" protein-protein interaction modules or no recognizable motifs. (wikipedia.org)
The protein encoded by FBXW11 belongs to the Fbxw class as, in addition to an F-box, this protein contains multiple WD40 repeats. (wikipedia.org)
This gene is a member of the WD40 repeat-containing gene family and shares sequence similarity with transducin (beta)-like 1X-linked (TBL1X). (genecards.org)
Besides the F-box domain, other domains and motifs related to protein-protein interactions are usually present in the C -terminal region of FBPs, such as leucine rich repeats (LRR), WD40 repeats (WD), Kelch repeats, proline-rich and others. (mdpi.com)
The protein encoded by this gene has sequence similarity with members of the WD40 repeat-containing protein family. (novusbio.com)
The WD40 group is a large family of proteins, which appear to have a regulatory function. (novusbio.com)
It is believed that the WD40 repeats mediate protein-protein interactions and members of the family are involved in signal transduction, RNA processing, gene regulation, vesicular trafficking, cytoskeletal assembly and may play a role in the control of cytotypic differentiation. (novusbio.com)
WD40 repeats usually assume a 7-8 bladed beta-propeller fold, but proteins have been found with 4 to 16 repeated units, which also form a circularised beta-propeller structure. (embl.de)
Repeated WD40 motifs act as a site for protein-protein interaction, and proteins containing WD40 repeats are known to serve as platforms for the assembly of protein complexes or mediators of transient interplay among other proteins. (embl.de)
several WD40-containing proteins act as key regulators of plant-specific developmental events. (embl.de)
There are 1918936 WD40 domains in 345139 proteins in SMART's nrdb database. (embl.de)
Taxonomic distribution of proteins containing WD40 domain. (embl.de)
The complete taxonomic breakdown of all proteins with WD40 domain is also avaliable . (embl.de)
Click on the protein counts, or double click on taxonomic names to display all proteins containing WD40 domain in the selected taxonomic class. (embl.de)
Genome-wide identification and analysis of WD40 proteins in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. (biomedcentral.com)
WD40 proteins participate in various cellular processes, such as histone modification, transcription regulation, and signal transduction. (biomedcentral.com)
WD40 proteins are regarded as crucial regulators of plant development processes. (biomedcentral.com)
However, the systematic identification and analysis of WD40 proteins have yet to be reported in wheat. (biomedcentral.com)
In this study, a total of 743 WD40 proteins were identified in wheat, and they were grouped into 5 clusters and 11 subfamilies. (biomedcentral.com)
Our study also provided important information for further functional characterization of some WD40 proteins in wheat. (biomedcentral.com)
WD40 proteins are also called WD40 domain-containing proteins, and they constitute a large gene family among eukaryote species [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
WD40 is named from the WD dipeptide of its conserved domain and defined that every single repeat contains 44-60 amino acids, and there are a GH dipeptide and a WD dipeptide at N- and C-terminals, respectively [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
A strong hydrogen bond network produced by this WD domain structure improves the stability of WD40 proteins [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
WD40 proteins exist extensively in all eukaryotes, but they are rarely found in prokaryotic proteomes, though a WD40 protein named PkwA was identified in a prokaryote in 1996 [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The WD40 domain is slightly conservative in terms of protein sequence, thus, precisely predicting the number of WD40 repeats in a WD40 protein is difficult. (biomedcentral.com)
WD40 proteins are usually regarded as the scaffold of protein-protein interactions [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Here, we report that HIGH EXPRESSION OF OSMOTICALLY RESPONSIVE GENE 15 (HOS15), a WD40 repeat protein, associates with a histone deacetylase complex to repress transcription of the GIGANTEA ( GI )-mediated photoperiodic flowering pathway in Arabidopsis ( Arabidopsis thaliana ). (plantcell.org)
As scaffolds, WD40 domain proteins are involved in a variety of cellular process such as signal transduction, cell division, cytoskeleton assembly, chemotaxis and RNA processing. (wikibooks.org)
For example, one of the interactions that WD40 domains participate in is the interaction between globular proteins and those involving short peptides/linear motifs. (wikibooks.org)
The interaction between WD40 and peptide is important for the assembly of dynamic multi-protein complexes. (wikibooks.org)
The binding site variability gives WD40 domains the characteristics as ideal platforms for assembling different kinds of proteins and helping the formation of transient complexes. (wikibooks.org)
WD40 proteins propel cellular networks" Trends Biochem Sci. (wikibooks.org)
Xu C, Min J. "Structure and function of WD40 domain proteins. (wikibooks.org)
We and others have shown that β-TrCP1 (also known as Fbw1a or FWD1) is a member of the F box- and WD40 repeat-containing family of proteins and specifically recognizes IκBα, IκBβ, IκBε, and β-catenin as substrates only when they are phosphorylated at both serine residues in the conserved DSGXXS motif ( 18 - 28 ). (pnas.org)

Both β-TrCP2 ( Fbxw11 ) and β-TrCP1 ( Btrc ) are E3 ubiquitin protein ligase complex subunits involved in the regulation of multiple cellular processes via phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitination/degradation of various targets including β-catenin (effector of the Wnt pathway), IκB (inhibitor of NF-κB pathway), cell cycle regulators (CDC25A, WEE1, Emi1, Bora) and DNA damage responsive proteins (CDC25A and Claspin). (jax.org)
Orthologous to human BTRC (beta-transducin repeat containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase). (jax.org)
Although no single-nucleotide polymorphism reached study-wide significance after controlling family-wise false-discovery rate at 0.05, single-nucleotide polymorphisms within the 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase (MTR), Caspase 8 (CASP8), CREB-binding protein (CREBBP), lysine acetyltransferase 2B (KAT2B), and beta-transducin repeat containing (BTRC) loci were among those strongly associated with frailty. (pubfacts.com)

NF-kappa B-inducing kinase (NIK) induces I kappa B kinase alpha (IKK alpha)-mediated phosphorylation of specific serine residues in the C-terminal domain of p100, leading to recruitment of the SCF(beta-TrCP) ubiquitin ligase. (nih.gov)
SPAR degradation by SCF(beta-TRCP) depended on the activity-inducible protein kinase Polo-like kinase 2 (Plk2). (nih.gov)
The domains can bind phosphatidylinositol within biological membranes and proteins such as the beta/gamma subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins [ PMID: 8074669 ] and protein kinase C [ PMID: 7522330 ]. (ebi.ac.uk)
Pleckstrin, the protein where this domain was first detected, is the major substrate of protein kinase C in platelets. (ebi.ac.uk)
KRAS , a predictive biomarker in the management of colorectal cancer, functions upstream of BRAF and mutations in these oncogenes activate the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK/ERK) signaling cascade. (aacrjournals.org)
In certain embodiments, the invention relates to inhibitors of β-TrCP1, β-TrCP2 (F-box protein members) RSK1, or RSK2 (p90 rsk /MAPKAP kinase-1 or 2) that sensitize tumor cells to chemotherapy-induced cell death or apoptosis. (google.es)
Protein structure prediction showed that there was one protein kinase C phosphorylation site, four casein kinase II phosphorylation sites and one amidation site in the POLR2H protein, further shaping advanced protein structure. (embl-heidelberg.de)
In this study, we found that the level of beta-TrCP1 is downregulated by various protein kinase inhibitors in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. (bvsalud.org)
Tumor-driver mutations in β-catenin, glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3β) and Axin yielded further insight and added significance to the role of Wnt in promoting development of many types of cancers. (cancerlink.ru)
In the absence of Wnt binding to the co-receptor complex of Frizzled (Fz) and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related proteins (LRP) 5 and 6, a multi-protein destruction complex consisting of the scaffolding/tumor suppressor proteins Axin and adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), and the serine/threonine kinases casein kinase 1α (CK-1α) and glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) mediates phosphorylation of β-catenin 2,3,9 . (cytoskeleton.com)
S-phase kinase-associated protein 1 p19 ( SKP1 )/ Cullin/F-box complex ( SCF complex) is one of E3-ubiquitin ligases, which play a very important role in the cell cycle. (bio-rad.com)
S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 p45 ( Skp2 ), beta-transducin repeat containing protein ( TrCP ) or F-box protein FBW7 ( FBXW7 )) and RING-box protein 1 . (bio-rad.com)
The mammalian (mechanistic) target of rapamycin complex 1/S6 kinase 1 (mTORC1/S6K1) pathway is critical to the regulation of muscle protein synthesis and mass but its mechanism of action is not completely understood. (biomedcentral.com)
As a substrate of mTORC1/S6K1, PDCD4 may mediate the effect of this kinase pathway on protein synthesis in skeletal muscle. (biomedcentral.com)
Tyrosine kinase Wee1 and F-box protein 5 ( Emi1 ) bind to SCF complex and degrade during mitosis. (pathwaymaps.com)

The F-box proteins constitute one of the four subunits of ubiquitin protein ligase complex called SCFs (Skp1-Cul1-F-box protein), which often, but not always, recognize substrates in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. (wikipedia.org)
Similar to mammalian G protein beta subunits, this protein contains transducin-like repeats. (wikipedia.org)
Beta subunits are important regulators of alpha sub. (genecards.org)
Beta subunits are important regulators of alpha subunits, as well as of certain signal transduction receptors and effectors. (genecards.org)
Like the mammalian G protein beta subunits, CSTF1 contains transducin-like repeats. (prospecbio.com)
Vacuolar ATP synthase subunit H (EC 3.6.3.14) (V-ATPase H subunit) (Vacuolar proton pump subunit H) (V-ATPase 50/57 kDa subunits) (Vacuolar proton pump subunit SFD) (VMA13) (Nef-binding protein 1) (NBP1). (ebi.ac.uk)
The F-box proteins constitute one of the four subunits of ubiquitin protein ligase complex called SCFs (SKP1-cullin-F-box), which function in phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitination. (genetex.com)
GGL domains can interact with beta subunits to form novel dimers that prevent gamma subunit binding, and may prevent heterotrimer formation by inhibiting alpha subunit binding. (embl-heidelberg.de)
A G protein gamma subunit-like domain shared between RGS11 and other RGS proteins specifies binding to Gbeta5 subunits. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins act as GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) toward the alpha subunits of heterotrimeric, signal-transducing G proteins. (embl-heidelberg.de)
RGS proteins that contain GGL domains appear to act as GAPs for Galpha proteins and form complexes with specific Gbeta subunits, adding to the combinatorial complexity of G protein-mediated signaling pathways. (embl-heidelberg.de)

The F-box proteins are divided into 3 classes: Fbws containing WD-40 domains, Fbls containing leucine-rich repeats, and Fbxs containing either different protein-protein interaction modules or no recognizable motifs. (genetex.com)

A gene on chromosome 5q35.1 that encodes a so-called F-box protein, which contains a 40 amino acid protein-interacting motif (the F box). (thefreedictionary.com)
p>This section provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence. (uniprot.org)
section indicates the name(s) of the gene(s) that code for the protein sequence(s) described in the entry. (uniprot.org)
also known as Fbxw11 or HOS) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FBXW11 (F-box and WD repeat domain containing 11) gene. (wikipedia.org)
This gene encodes a member of the F-box protein family which is characterized by an approximately 40 residue structural motif, the F-box. (wikipedia.org)
The protein encoded by this gene is thought to be a component of both nuclear receptor corepressor (N-CoR) and histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC 3) complexes, and is required for transcriptional activation by a variety of transcription factors. (genecards.org)
TBL1XR1 (TBL1X Receptor 1) is a Protein Coding gene. (genecards.org)
Cleavage stimulation factor 50 kDa subunit is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CSTF1 gene. (wikipedia.org)
Several transcript variants with different 5' UTR, but encoding the same protein, have been found for this gene. (wikipedia.org)
This gene encodes a beta subunit which belongs to the WD repeat G protein beta family. (genecards.org)
GNB3 (G Protein Subunit Beta 3) is a Protein Coding gene. (genecards.org)
FAK activation results in elevated β-catenin protein levels, β-catenin nuclear localization, and increased gene transcription. (aacrjournals.org)
This gene encodes a beta subunit. (biomol.com)
The protein encoded by this gene contains four K homology domains and two RNA recognition motifs. (genetex.com)
Numerous insights have been obtained in the last two decades into how homeodomain proteins bind to DNA and increase their specificity by interacting with other proteins to regulate cell- and tissue-specific gene expression. (springer.com)
Thus, this article first describes the various cellular factors and pathways regulating Nrf2 protein stability and then considers the regulation of Nrf2 gene expression at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. (aimsci.com)
This gene is highly similar to TBL1X gene in nucleotide sequence and protein sequence, but the TBL1X gene is located on chromosome X and this gene is on chromosome Y. This gene has three alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein. (abnova.com)
SCE318331 AJ318331 4061bp DNA PLN 19-JUN-2001 Saccharomyces cerevisiae SAP155 gene for Sit4p phosphatase-associated protein. (bio.net)
Although there appears to be a single copy of this gene on the spirochetal chromosome, two distinct transcripts hybridizing to the hsp70 probe are detected in RNA isolated from B. The changes in immunoreactive basic FGF parallel changes in the bioactivity of extracted heparin-binding proteins, which include basic FGF. (courtfield.tk)
Thus, this study is aimed at gaining an insight into the molecular mechanism by which osteopontin (OPN), a member of SIBLING (Small Integrin Binding LIgand N-linked Glycoprotein) family of protein regulates tumor progression through activation of various transcription factors and expression of their downstream effector gene(s) in breast cancer. (courtfield.tk)
What does this gene/protein do? (cancerindex.org)
What pathways are this gene/protein implicaed in? (cancerindex.org)
Network biology currently focuses primarily on metabolic pathways, gene regulatory, and protein-protein interaction networks. (biomedcentral.com)
The gene-based approach usually fails to reflect the position of mutation or the functional context the position of mutation provides in protein level. (biomedcentral.com)
The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway of protein degradation is essential for various important biological processes including cell-cycle progression, gene transcription, and signal transduction ( 1 , 2 ). (pnas.org)

Another scenario which proteins might have evolved starts with small peptides consisting of less than 10 amino acids. (wikibooks.org)
These short peptides is said to then form closed loops which consist of 25-30aa and into folds 100-150aa which would lead to multifold proteins. (wikibooks.org)
Functionally, the short peptides of less than 10 amino acids do perform any functions, however, the closed loop proteins are functional. (wikibooks.org)
Synthetic peptides corresponding to TBL3(transducin (beta)-like 3) The peptide sequence was selected from the N terminal of TBL3. (vwr.com)
Check out links to articles that cite our custom service antibodies, peptides, and proteins in major peer-reviewed journals, organized by research category. (abgent.com)

A family of proteins that share the F-BOX MOTIF and are involved in protein-protein interactions. (curehunter.com)
Inhibition of protein-protein interactions as a therapeutic strategy in disease. (gla.ac.uk)
No yeast two-hybrid interactions found for this protein. (yeastrc.org)
The F-box domain is a protein structural motif of about 50 amino acids that mediates protein-protein interactions. (mdpi.com)
This review describes the role of F-box proteins and the use of the ubiquitin-proteasome system in virus-host interactions. (mdpi.com)
Through these interactions, PH domains play a role in recruiting proteins to different membranes, thus targeting them to appropriate cellular compartments or enabling them to interact with other components of the signal transduction pathways. (ebi.ac.uk)
Mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP), which leads to the release of cytochrome c and other apoptogenic factors into the cytosol, is controlled by interactions between proteins of the Bcl-2 family [ 3 , 4 , 5 ]. (mdpi.com)
The resulting stabilized beta-catenin enters the nucleus and activates transcription of Wnt target genes through its interactions with Tcf-family transcription factors, proteins that contain a beta-catenin-binding domain and a sequence-specific DNA-binding domain. (stanford.edu)
These data are a result of new high-throughput technologies yielding information on protein interactions, regulatory networks and the metabolome. (biomedcentral.com)
Most distinctive feature of the WD domains is that they mediate diverse interactions between protein and another protein. (wikibooks.org)
Most protein-protein and protein-peptide interactions happen at the specific site of the central channel of the β-propeller. (wikibooks.org)

Note that the 'protein existence' evidence does not give information on the accuracy or correctness of the sequence(s) displayed. (uniprot.org)
Changes to the proteins are often only occurring on the sequence level leaving the structures and functions rather conserved. (wikibooks.org)
Being approximately 90 residues long, they contain critical regions of sequence homology in diverse signaling proteins. (wikibooks.org)
Based on these and other results, we propose that Ssn6-Tup1 is a general repressor of transcription in yeast, recruited to target promoters by a variety of sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins. (nih.gov)
Recombinant protein encompassing a sequence within the center region of human beta-TrCP. (genetex.com)
This entry represents the G protein gamma subunit and the GGL (G protein gamma-like) domain, which are related in sequence and are comprised of an extended alpha-helical polypeptide. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Conversely, in the presence of Wnt binding, the scaffold protein Dishevelled (Dvl) is recruited to the Fz-LRP5/6 co-receptor complex, which activates a sequence of molecular signals that inhibit the destruction complex and result in stabilization of unphosphorylated, cytosolic β-catenin and β-catenin-dependent transcription 2,3,17-19 . (cytoskeleton.com)
Lane W, Galat A, Harding M, Schreiber S. Complete amino acid sequence of the FK506 and rapamycin binding protein, FKBP, isolated from calf thymus. (labome.org)
DNA sequence analysis of the p20K cDNA predicted a novel protein distantly related to alpha 2 mu-globulin and plasma retinol-binding protein. (labome.org)
We are trying to understand the molecular mechanisms by which the destruction complex degrades beta-catenin, how binding of Wnts to their receptors turns off beta-catenin destruction, and how beta-catenin serves as a scaffold to link the sequence-specific Tcfs to components of the general transcription machinery. (stanford.edu)
Updated DNA Sequences ===================== AB057369 AB057369 113bp DNA PLN 29-JUN-2001 Saccharomyces cerevisiae DNA, repeat sequence. (bio.net)
Imported proteins require a nuclear localization sequence (NLS) which generally consists of a short region of basic amino acids or 2 such regions spaced about 10 amino acids apart. (cancerindex.org)

They play an important role in process of protein ubiquition by associating with a variety of substrates and then associating into SCF UBIQUITIN LIGASE complexes. (curehunter.com)
E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes mediate ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. (mybiosource.com)
Stimuli, such as photons, small chemicals, ions, or protein ligands induce conformational changes in GPCR, which translates into cell signaling responses by activating coupled trimeric G protein complexes [ 15 ]. (ijbs.com)
Skp1/Cul1/F-box (SCF) complexes constitute a class of E3 enzymes that are required for the degradation of many key cellular proteins. (pnas.org)
These complexes consist of invariable components including Skp1, Cul1, and Rbx1 (also known as ROC1 or Hrt1) as well as variable components known as F-box proteins, the latter of which bind to Skp1 through their F-box domains ( 5 - 12 ). (pnas.org)
The substrate specificity of SCF complexes thus is thought to be determined by the F-box protein. (pnas.org)
Another well characterized protein that undergoes ubiquitylation is β-catenin, which plays an essential role in the Wnt signaling pathway and is an important component of cadherin cell-adhesion complexes. (pnas.org)

The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein-effector interaction. (genecards.org)
The interaction between Mule and Mcl-1 can be modulated by other Bcl-2 family proteins, while recognition of Mcl-1 by the other E3 ubiquitin-ligases and deubiquitinase is influenced by phosphorylation of specific residues in Mcl-1. (mdpi.com)
Significantly, expression of the ankyrin/F-box protein, EVM005, inhibited NF-κB, and the F-box domain was critical for NF-κB inhibition and interaction with the SCF complex. (prolekare.cz)
Using selected examples, we highlight different mechanisms of homeodomain protein-DNA interaction. (springer.com)
The encoded protein mediates degradation of CD4 via its interaction with HIV-1 Vpu. (rc-crispr.com)
Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network. (nih.gov)
Evidence for a regulated interaction between heterotrimeric G proteins and caveolin. (labome.org)
F-box proteins directly recruit ubiquitination substrates and bridge the interaction between E2 Ub-conjugating enzyme and the substrate [ 1 ]. (bio-rad.com)
Immunoprecipation was used to explore the interaction of proteins with other proteins or DNAs. (thno.org)
A DCN can be used to study the function and interaction of proteins by representing protein domains and their co-existence in genes and by mapping cancer mutations to the individual protein domains to identify signals. (biomedcentral.com)
To test this model, we analyzed the consequences of several experimental strategies to interfere with the Vpu-β-TrCP protein-protein interaction. (biomedcentral.com)

F-box proteins form a complex with SKP1 and cullin, resulting in phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitination and ubiquitin-mediated degradation of targeted proteins. (thefreedictionary.com)
As the PER and CRY proteins are progressively phosphorylated during the night, they are targeted for ubiquitination by specific E3 ligases and are eventually degraded by the proteasome. (hhmi.org)
Experiments in reconstituted systems and in cells demonstrated that SCF(beta-TrCP), which contains a mutant Cul-1 that cannot be NEDDylated, cannot stimulate ubiquitination and processing. (nih.gov)
Substrate recognition component of a SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. (abcam.com)
May be involved in ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation through a DBB1-CUL4 E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase. (abcam.com)
protein ubiquitination. (abcam.com)
The F-box protein is one of the four components of the SCF (SKp1, Cullin, F-box protein) complex, which mediates ubiquitination of proteins targeted for degradation by the proteasome, playing an essential role in many cellular processes. (mdpi.com)
The SCF E3 ubiquitin-ligase complex participates in the recognition and recruitment of target proteins for ubiquitination and degradation by the ubiquitin 26S proteasome system (UPS). (mdpi.com)
Ubiquitination of Mcl-1, that targets it for proteasomal degradation, allows for rapid elimination of the protein and triggering of cell death, in response to various cellular events. (mdpi.com)
Protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) such as phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, and SUMOylation, to name but a few, have evolved to diversify the functions of a single protein and account for the vast increase in proteome complexity and functional diversity 1 . (cytoskeleton.com)
SCF complex participates in cell cycle regulation by stimulating ubiquitination of the cell cycle proteins and their degradation by the 26S proteasome. (bio-rad.com)
Stimulation of the growth factor beta (TGF-beta)/ SMAD family member 3 ( Smad3 ) pathway promotes SCF complex- mediated CDC25A ubiquitination [ 6 ]. (bio-rad.com)
Ubiquitination of p27KIP1 requires the SCF complex and Skp2 F-box binding protein CKS1 [12] . (pathwaymaps.com)
SKP2 and CKS1 are negatively regulated by Anaphase-promoting/ cell division cycle 20 related 1 protein complex ( APC/hCdh1 )-mediated ubiquitination. (pathwaymaps.com)

At the core, the bHLH-PAS transcriptional activators CLOCK and BMAL1 activate the Period ( Per1, Per2 ) and Cryptochrome ( Cry1, Cry2 ) genes, whose transcripts and proteins slowly accumulate during the daytime. (hhmi.org)
One scenario that was suggested are that the earliest proteins were very small polypeptides with about 10 amino acids and specified by small primitive genes made of RNA. (wikibooks.org)
The genes coding the proteins probably join together in random sequences while a primitive splicing mechanism pieces together the proteins. (wikibooks.org)
Together, these regulatory proteins recognize a specific DNA operator, marking a set of genes for transcriptional repression. (nih.gov)
It functions by binding to the mRNAs of certain genes,including insulin-like growth factor 2, beta-actin andbeta-transducin repeat-containing protein, and regulating theirtranslation. (thermofisher.com)
Mouse Pum1 and Pum2 genes, members of the Pumilio family of RNA-binding proteins, show differential expression in fetal and adult hematopoietic stem cells and progenitors. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Previously, we identified a family of four ectromelia virus genes that contain N-terminal ankyrin repeats and a C-terminal F-box domain that interacts with the cellular SCF ubiquitin ligase. (prolekare.cz)
This is largely accomplished by transcriptional regulation of genes encoding proteins involved in bile acid synthesis and transport. (bmj.com)
Gro/TLE proteins form oligomers and it has been proposed that their ability to exert long-range repression on target genes involves oligomerization over broad regions of chromatin. (brookes.ac.uk)
Activation of Nrf2 occurs primarily by increased stability of the Nrf2 protein and consequently more Nrf2 molecules are available for binding to the ARE to cause increased transcription of the antioxidant genes. (aimsci.com)
In canonical Wnt-mediated signaling, β-catenin is a key effector and interacts, as a co-transcription factor, with the DNA binding proteins TCF (T cell factor) and LEF-1 (lymphoid enhancer factor 1) to activate the transcription of Wnt/β-catenin target genes including cyclin D1, c-jun, and c-myc 8-11 (Fig. 1). (cytoskeleton.com)
More than 700 genes have been identified as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which form the largest protein superfamily in the human genome [ 1 ]. (ijbs.com)

WD proteins are made up of highly conserved repeating units usually ending with Trp-Asp (WD). (nih.gov)
The family of WD-repeat proteins comprises over 30 different proteins that share a highly conserved repeating motif [Neer, E. J., Schmidt, C. J., Nambudripad, R., & Smith, T. F. (1994) Nature 371, 297-300]. (embl.de)
Stabilization occurs through partial inhibition of CK-1α and GSK318, inhibition of β-TrCP20, phosphorylation of five highly conserved PPPSP motifs in LRP6's intracellular domain 21,22 (Fig.1), and subsequent aggregation of these Wnt signaling proteins. (cytoskeleton.com)
We observed that the inner core protein domains are highly conserved and these domains co-exist in large numbers with other protein domains. (biomedcentral.com)

Folding of proteins with WD-repeats: comparison of six members of the WD-repeat superfamily to the G protein beta subunit. (embl.de)
A presence/absence matrix is generated using protein domain architecture data for all genomes in SUPERFAMILY. (supfam.org)

In certain embodiments, the invention relates to inhibitors of at least one of β-TrCP1/2 or RSK1/2 proteins that sensitize tumor cells to chemotherapy-induced death or apoptosis. (google.es)
It regulates the stability of diverse proteins and functions as either a tumor suppressor or an oncogene. (bvsalud.org)
The abnormal accumulation of β-catenin as a result of mutations either in the adenomatous polyposis coli tumor suppressor protein or in β-catenin itself is thought to initiate colorectal neoplasia. (pnas.org)

Search, Find and Buy Antibodies, ELISA Kits and Proteins. (antibodies-online.com)
Custom ELISA Kits, Recombinant Proteins and Antibodies can be designed, manufactured and produced according to the researcher's specifications. (mybiosource.com)
72 Transducin (Beta)-Like 1 X-Linked Receptor 1 (TBL1XR1) Antibodies from 15 manufacturers are available on www.antibodies-online.com. (antibodies-online.com)

The G protein gamma subunit forms a stable dimer with the beta subunit, but it does not make any contact with the alpha subunit, which contacts the opposite face of the beta subunit. (embl-heidelberg.de)

Human βTrCP (referred to both βTrCP1 and βTrCP2) was originally identified as a cellular ubiquitin ligase that is bound by the HIV-1 Vpu viral protein to eliminate cellular CD4 by connecting it to the proteolytic machinery. (wikipedia.org)
It is also involved with other cellular functions such as protein trafficking, synaptic signal coordination, and cell polarity initiation. (wikibooks.org)
The protein kinases and E3 ubiquitin-ligases that are involved in the regulation of Mcl-1 stability vary depending on the cellular context, highlighting the complexity and pivotal role of Mcl-1 regulation. (mdpi.com)
Interestingly HIV-1 Vpu shares amino acid homology with cellular Twik-related Acid Sensitive K+ (TASK) channel 1 and the proteins physically interact in cultured cells and AIDS lymphoid tissue. (biomedcentral.com)
Here, we show that the HIV-1 accessory protein Vpu is necessary and sufficient for the depletion of cellular peroxisomes during infection. (asm.org)
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of proteolysis involved in cellular protein catabolic process. (princeton.edu)
Ribosomes are the cellular factories responsible for making proteins. (genome.jp)
The cellular transmembrane protein CD317/BST-2/HM1.24/Tetherin restricts HIV-1 infection by physically tethering mature virions to the surface of infected cells. (biomedcentral.com)

We also demonstrate that the NEDD8 pathway is essential for the SCF(beta-TrCP) activity. (nih.gov)
Among its related pathways are Apelin signaling pathway and G-Beta Gamma Signaling . (genecards.org)
YAP/TAZ also interacts with other transcriptional factors or signaling molecules, by which Hippo pathway-mediated processes are interconnected with those of other key signaling cascades, such as those mediated by TGF-beta and Wnt growth factors. (genome.jp)
Non-canonical Wnt signaling acts through two major pathways: the planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway, and G-protein mediated calcium signaling (Figures 3 and 4, respectively), both of which function to effect changes in cell fate and differentiation, cytoskeletal rearrangements, and metastatic behaviors. (cancerlink.ru)
beta-catenin is the central component of this pathway, where it serves as a transcriptional coactivator. (stanford.edu)
Formation of this complex promotes phosphorylation of beta-catenin, which targets it for degradation by the ubiquitin/proteosome pathway. (stanford.edu)
The events controlling cell division are governed by the degradation of different regulatory proteins by the Ubiquitin -dependent pathway. (bio-rad.com)

Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. (genecards.org)
Transmembrane emp24 domain-containing protein 4 precursor. (ebi.ac.uk)
BST-2 is a type II transmembrane protein with an unusual topology consisting of an N-terminal cytoplasmic tail (CT) followed by a single transmembrane (TM) domain, a coiled-coil extracellular (EC) domain, and a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor at the C terminus. (frontiersin.org)
Vpu is another viral antagonist of the transmembrane BST-2 protein that blocks the release of enveloped viruses by physically binding the budding viral particles to the membrane of infected cells. (frontiersin.org)
The extracellular regions of these transmembrane proteins mediate intercellular binding, while their cytoplasmic domains are linked to the actin- (adherens junction) or intermediate filament- (desmosome) based cytoskeletons. (stanford.edu)
Endothelial cells are maintained in contact to one another by a complex network of transmembrane adhesion proteins anchored to the actin cytoskeleton. (ahajournals.org)
Several transmembrane adhesive proteins have been identified which include vascular endothelial (VE) and neural (N) cadherin at adherens junctions (AJs), 6,7 occludin, 8 and members of the claudin family, 9 as well as the junctional adhesion molecule (JAM) family at tight junctions (TJs). (ahajournals.org)

F-box-like protein involved in the recruitment of the ubiquitin/19S proteasome complex to nuclear receptor-regulated transcription units. (uniprot.org)
The compartmentalisation of PDE4 isoforms and how this underpins receptor specific responses to Beta-adrenergic signalling. (gla.ac.uk)
Ser/Thr protein kinases such as the Akt/Rac family, the beta-adrenergic receptor kinases, the mu isoform of PKC and the trypanosomal NrkA family. (ebi.ac.uk)
We recently observed that cPA negatively regulates PPAR γ function by stabilizing the binding of the corepressor protein, silencing mediator of retinoic acid and thyroid hormone receptor. (hindawi.com)
reported that lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) antagonists abolish platelet aggregation elicited by mild oxidation of LDL (mox-LDL), indicating that LPA plays an essential role in the thrombogenic effects of mox-LDL [ 16 ]. (hindawi.com)
The expression of key proteins involved in bile flow is tightly regulated by transcription factors of the nuclear hormone receptor family, which function as sensors of bile acids and cholesterol. (bmj.com)
PPFIA1-protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor. (proteogenix-products.com)
Also known as F-box-like/WD repeat-containing protein TBL1XR1 (Nuclear receptor corepressor/HDAC3 complex subunit TBLR1) (TBL1-related protein 1) (Transducin beta-like 1X-related protein 1). (mybiosource.com)
G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) modulate GPCR signaling by interacting with the ligand-activated GPCR and phosphorylating its intracellular domain. (ijbs.com)
PKA and PKC), G-protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs), and arrestins that prevent hyperactivation of GPCR signaling. (ijbs.com)

The homeodomain protein alpha 2 and the SRF-like protein Mcm1 are required to establish cell type in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (nih.gov)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae cdc15 mutants arrested at a late stage in anaphase are rescued by Xenopus cDNAs encoding N-ras or a protein with beta-transducin repeats. (asm.org)
Regulators of small G-proteins like guanine nucleotide releasing factor GNRP (Ras-GRF) (which contains 2 PH domains), guanine nucleotide exchange proteins like vav, dbl, SoS and Saccharomyces cerevisiae CDC24, GTPase activating proteins like rasGAP and BEM2/IPL2, and the human break point cluster protein bcr. (ebi.ac.uk)
These include the Xenopus protein importin and its yeast homolog, SRP1 (a suppressor of certain temperature-sensitive mutations of RNA polymerase I in Saccharomyces cerevisiae), which bind to the NLS. (cancerindex.org)

PI-103 reduced the phosphorylation of beta-TrCP1 prior to its degradation. (bvsalud.org)
Upon phosphorylation, the E3 ubiquitin ligase β-transducin repeats containing protein (β-TrCP) ubiquitinates phospho-β-catenin on Lys19 and Lys49 13,14 , which leads to proteasomal destruction and low β-catenin levels and activity 15,16 . (cytoskeleton.com)
Binding of a Wnt to cell surface receptors prevents phosphorylation of beta-catenin. (stanford.edu)
Most substrates require phosphorylation to interact with the F-box protein in an SCF complex [ 1 ]. (bio-rad.com)

A significant leap forward was made with the development of the Min mouse and the discovery of inactivating mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) protein (2, 3). (cancerlink.ru)

Anti-human CSTF1 mAb, clone PAT10E11AT, is derived from hybridization of mouse F0 myeloma cells with spleen cells from BALB/c mice immunized with a recombinant human CSTF1 protein 1-431 amino acids purified from E. coli. (prospecbio.com)
TBL1XR1 (NP_071347, 81 a.a. ~ 178 a.a) partial recombinant protein with GST tag. (novusbio.com)
Antibody reactive against cell lysate and recombinant protein for Western Blot. (novusbio.com)
If you cannot find the target and/or product is not available in our catalog, please click here to contact us and request the product or submit your request for custom elisa kit production , custom recombinant protein production or custom antibody production . (mybiosource.com)
Abgent has over fifteen years of experience producing recombinant proteins in E. coli and mammalian cells (CHO and HEK293, etc), and we have added a powerful yeast expression platform to our menu of services. (abgent.com)

Thioredoxin-dependent peroxide reductase, mitochondrial precursor (EC 1.11.1.15) (Peroxiredoxin-3) (PRX III) (Antioxidant protein 1) (AOP-1) (Protein MER5 homolog) (HBC189). (ebi.ac.uk)

In both in the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways, the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) plays a major role in cell death regulation by controlling the level, or the function, of many proteins of the core apoptotic machinery, notably the Bcl-2 family proteins [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]. (mdpi.com)
A PI3K/mTOR inhibitor PI-103 reduced the level of beta-TrCP1 in a wide range of TNBC cells in a proteasome-dependent manner. (bvsalud.org)
The specificity of protein ubiquitylation is often determined by E3 enzymes, and proteins polyubiquitylated by these enzymes undergo degradation by the 26S proteasome ( 3 , 4 ). (pnas.org)

βTrCP also associates with phosphorylated IkappaBalpha and beta-catenin destruction motifs, probably functioning in multiple transcriptional programs by regulating the NF-kappaB and the WNT pathways. (wikipedia.org)
Key signaling pathways upstream of LMNA, which regulate its expression (listed mainly on the top of the figures), and the main molecules that interact with lamin A/C protein (listed mainly in the nucleus). (nih.gov)
Gro/TLE proteins act in several key pathways during development (including Notch and Wnt signaling), and are implicated in the pathogenesis of several human cancers. (brookes.ac.uk)

Vif blocks the above-described APOBEC3 proteins that mediate extensive deamination of cytosines in single-stranded viral DNA, thus halting HIV replication. (frontiersin.org)

The SH3 domain has the tendency to regulate the state activities of adaptor proteins and tyrosine kinases. (wikibooks.org)
Tyrosine protein kinases belonging to the Btk/Itk/Tec subfamily. (ebi.ac.uk)

Insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 2 (IGF2 mRNA-binding protein 2) (IGF-II mRNA-binding protein 2) (IMP-2) (Hepatocellular carcinoma autoantigen p62) (VICKZ family member 2). (ebi.ac.uk)
IGF2BP1 is a member of the insulin-like growthfactor 2 mRNA-binding protein family. (thermofisher.com)
IGF2BP1 encodes a member of the insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein family. (antibodies-online.com)

More structural data has also become available, and the characterization of the molecular roles of HD proteins has tremendously advanced. (springer.com)
With state-of-the art molecular biology and protein biochemistry labs, we work with our clients to rapidly evaluate in parallel to identify the optimal expression system for candidate proteins. (abgent.com)

Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a phosphorylated amino acid residue within a protein. (broadinstitute.org)
Despite the fact that NSs proteins have poor amino acid similarity among bunyaviruses, the strategy utilized to hijack host cells are similar. (biomedcentral.com)
WD-40 repeats (also known as WD or beta-transducin repeats) are short ~40 amino acid motifs, often terminating in a Trp-Asp (W-D) dipeptide. (embl.de)

An F-box protein, beta-TrCP recognizes substrate proteins and destabilizes them through ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis. (bvsalud.org)
E3 Ub-ligase mediates the transfer of Ubiquitin from E2 Ub-conjugating enzyme to the substrate protein [ 1 ]. (bio-rad.com)

CSTF1 antibody was purified from mouse ascitic fluids by protein-A affinity chromatography. (prospecbio.com)
CstF-50 Polyclonal Antibody detects endogenous levels of CstF-50 protein. (lsbio.com)
beta-TrCP antibody [N1C1] detects beta-TrCP protein at nucleus on rat fore brain by immunohistochemical analysis. (genetex.com)
Mouse polyclonal antibody raised against a full-length human TBL1Y protein. (abnova.com)

TBL2 (Transducin beta like 2) is a member of the beta-transducin protein family. (abcam.com)
F-box proteins (FBPs) are a large and diverse family of proteins present in all eukaryotes that are characterized by presence of the F-box domain [ 1 ]. (mdpi.com)
Mcl-1 is an anti-apoptotic protein of the Bcl-2 family that is essential for the survival of multiple cell lineages and that is highly amplified in human cancer. (mdpi.com)
Pleckstrin homology domain-containing family A member 3 (Phosphoinositol 4-phosphate adaptor protein 1) (FAPP-1). (ebi.ac.uk)
WD-repeat proteins are a large family found in all eukaryotes and are implicated in a variety of functions ranging from signal transduction and transcription regulation to cell cycle control and apoptosis. (embl.de)
Members of this family include the signal-transducing G protein beta subunit, as well as other proteins that regulate signal transduction, transcription, pre-mRNA splicing, cytoskeletal organization, and vesicular fusion. (embl.de)
The protein encoded by CDC34 is a member of the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family. (antikoerper-online.de)
Here we discuss new insights and models for repression mediated by the Groucho/Transducin-Like Enhancer of split (Gro/TLE) family of co-repressor proteins. (brookes.ac.uk)
The evolutionarily conserved family of Groucho/Transducin-Like Enhancer of split (Gro/TLE) proteins act as co-repressors for numerous transcription factors. (brookes.ac.uk)
Belongs to the WD repeat EBI family. (mybiosource.com)
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of plasma membrane receptors. (ijbs.com)

Heterotrimeric G proteins are membrane bound GTPases that are linked to 7-TM receptors. (genecards.org)
These data suggest that caveolin could function to negatively regulate the activation state of heterotrimeric G proteins. (labome.org)

F-box-like/WD repeat protein TBL1X (Transducin beta-like 1X protein) (Transducin-beta-like 1, X-linked) (SMAP55). (ebi.ac.uk)

Fernandez-Sanchez, Sechet, Margottin-Goguet, Rogge, Bianchi: The human COP9 signalosome protects ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 3 (UBC3/Cdc34) from beta-transducin repeat-containing protein (betaTrCP)-mediated degradation. (antikoerper-online.de)

In eukaryotes, ribosome biogenesis involves the production and correct assembly of four rRNAs and about 80 ribosomal proteins. (genome.jp)

Specificity protein (Sp) transcription factors (TFs) such as Sp1 are critical for early development but their expression decreases with age and there is evidence that transformation of normal cells to cancer cells is associated with upregulation of Sp1, Sp3, and Sp4, which are highly expressed in cancer cells and tumors. (aacrjournals.org)

PPN transfers a palmitoleic acid to a conserved serine on each Wnt protein. (cancerlink.ru)

section shows the unique identifier assigned by the NCBI to the source organism of the protein. (uniprot.org)
Protein evolution is not an independent process but part of an entire organism. (wikibooks.org)

In mammals, one of the most extensively studied short-lived regulatory proteins that undergo ubiquitylation is IκBα, an inhibitory protein that associates with NF-κB and thereby prevents this dimeric transcription factor from entering the nucleus ( 15 , 16 ). (pnas.org)

The GGL domain is found in several RGS (regulators of G protein signaling) proteins. (embl-heidelberg.de)

Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins), which integrate signals between receptors and effector proteins, are composed of an alpha, a beta, and a gamma subunit. (genecards.org)
Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins), which integrate signals between. (biomol.com)

p>When browsing through different UniProt proteins, you can use the 'basket' to save them, so that you can back to find or analyse them later. (uniprot.org)

Synthetic peptide conjugated to KLH derived from within residues 550 to the C-terminus of Human Beta TRCP. (abcam.com)
To directly examine whether β-TRCP proteins are required for Plk2-dependent SPAR turnover, we took advantage of a shRNA vector (shβ-TRCP) that is capable of suppressing protein expression of both human β-TRCP1 and β-TRCP2. (nih.gov)
These results suggest that mTORC2 regulates the stability of beta-TrCP1 in TNBC cells and targeting beta-TrCP1 is a potential approach to treat human TNBC. (bvsalud.org)
Wnt signaling begins with translation and transcription of the 19 human Wnt proteins (Figure 1). (cancerlink.ru)
Testing for the beta fraction of human chorionic gonadotropin is the basis for most serum and urine pregnancy tests. (thefreedictionary.com)
TBL1Y (ADR83034.1, 1 a.a. ~ 522 a.a) full-length human protein. (abnova.com)
The domain co-occurrence network was constructed for the human proteome based on PFAM domains in proteins. (biomedcentral.com)

In the absence of these proteins, ribosome biogenesis is stalled and cell growth is terminated even under optimal growth conditions. (genome.jp)

The specificity of the proteins is determined by the sequences outside the repeats themselves. (embl.de)

Each G protein contains an alpha-, beta- and gamma-subunit and is bound to GDP in the 'off' state. (genecards.org)
However, the only studied example of a WD-repeat protein, G beta, synthesized in vitro in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate, is unable to fold into a native structure without its partner protein G gamma. (embl.de)
Our working definition of folding was that the proteins from globular, trypsin-resistant structures because, except for G beta gamma, their functions are not known or cannot be assayed in reticulocyte lysates. (embl.de)
RGS11 contains a G protein gamma subunit-like (GGL) domain between its Dishevelled/Egl-10/Pleckstrin and RGS domains. (embl-heidelberg.de)

Here we demonstrate that Drosophila Spt5 interacts both physically and genetically with the Polycomb Group (PcG) protein Pleiohomeotic (Pho), and the majority of Pho binding sites overlap with Spt5 binding sites across the genome in S2 cells. (brookes.ac.uk)
KPNA2 protein interacts with the NLSs of DNA helicase Q1 and SV40 T antigen and may be involved in the nuclear transport of proteins. (cancerindex.org)

If WD proteins form structures similar to G beta, their hydrodynamic properties should be those of compact, globular proteins, and they should be resistant to cleavage by trypsin. (embl.de)
We show that unlike G beta, several proteins with WD-repeats are able to fold into globular proteins in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate. (embl.de)

The two main approaches to the study of protein evolution are the analysis and comparison of sequences of proteins to prove or disprove evolutionary relationships and the other is the simulation of the evolutionary processes computationally in in vitro studies. (wikibooks.org)
Both of these tandem repeat sequences were identified at other locations in the chicken genome by Southern blot hybridization. (labome.org)

Most of the characterized FBPs are components of the SCF (SKp1, Cullin, F-box protein) E3 ubiquitin-ligase complex. (mdpi.com)
Through the cullin 1-Skp1-Fbox E3 ligase complex, the NSs protein promotes the degradation of at least two host proteins, the TFIIH p62 and the PKR proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
The SCF (Skp1/Cul1/F-box) ubiquitin ligase recruits phospho-IκBα through the F-box domain-containing adaptor protein, β-TRCP, resulting in the degradation of IκBα, and translocation of the p50/p65 heterodimer into the nucleus [1] , [2] . (prolekare.cz)
SCF complex consists of Cullin 1 , SKP1 , F-box proteins (e.g. (bio-rad.com)
β-TrCP1 (also known as Fbw1a or FWD1) is the F-box protein component of an Skp1/Cul1/F-box (SCF)-type ubiquitin ligase complex. (pnas.org)

Anatomy9

Organisms1

Chemicals and Drugs43

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment2

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes25

Information Science3

The human F box protein beta-Trcp associates with the Cul1/Skp1 complex and regulates the stability of beta-catenin. (1/185)

The F-box protein beta-TrCP associates with phosphorylated beta-catenin and regulates its activity in the cell. (2/185)

Inducible degradation of IkappaBalpha by the proteasome requires interaction with the F-box protein h-betaTrCP. (3/185)

Negative regulation of axis formation and Wnt signaling in Xenopus embryos by the F-box/WD40 protein beta TrCP. (4/185)

An F-box protein, FWD1, mediates ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis of beta-catenin. (5/185)

HOS, a human homolog of Slimb, forms an SCF complex with Skp1 and Cullin1 and targets the phosphorylation-dependent degradation of IkappaB and beta-catenin. (6/185)

beta-Trcp couples beta-catenin phosphorylation-degradation and regulates Xenopus axis formation. (7/185)

A complex containing betaTrCP recruits Cdc34 to catalyse ubiquitination of IkappaBalpha. (8/185)

Transducin

Rod Cell Outer Segment

Rhodopsin

3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases

Retinal Rod Photoreceptor Cells

GTP-Binding Protein Regulators

Cattle

Photoreceptor Cells

Trinucleotide Repeats

Arrestin

Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate)

Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 6

Guanosine Triphosphate

GTP Phosphohydrolases

Molecular Sequence Data

Light

GTP-Binding Proteins

Interleukin-1beta

Tandem Repeat Sequences

G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 1

Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid

Retinal Pigments

Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose

Dark Adaptation

Eye Proteins

Vision, Ocular

Base Sequence

Guanosine Diphosphate

Amino Acid Sequence

Rod Opsins

Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate

GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits

Macromolecular Substances

beta 2-Microglobulin

Retinaldehyde

Hydroxylamine

Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins

Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells

Trinucleotide Repeat Expansion

Light Signal Transduction

Minisatellite Repeats

RGS Proteins

Kinetics

Ankyrin Repeat

Adaptation, Ocular

Virulence Factors, Bordetella

Membrane Proteins

Repetitive Sequences, Amino Acid

Pertussis Toxin

Retina

Receptors, Adrenergic, beta

Integrin beta3

Binding Sites

Microsatellite Repeats

Aluminum Compounds

Dinucleotide Repeats

Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate

Protein Subunits

Protein Binding

GTP-Binding Protein beta Subunits

Nucleoside Diphosphate Sugars

Cloning, Molecular

Recombinant Proteins

Thionucleotides

Inverted Repeat Sequences

Mutation

Cell Line

Signal Transduction

DNA Repeat Expansion

Hydroxylamines

Transforming Growth Factor beta

Retinal Photoreceptor Cell Outer Segment

Guanine Nucleotides

Skatole

Models, Molecular

RNA, Messenger

DNA

Protein Transport

Cell Membrane

Sequence Homology, Amino Acid

IP] (Fwd) another response to My Risking Kids post