Beta tocopherol. Medical search

A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain substitutions on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus and a long hydrocarbon chain of isoprenoid units. They are antioxidants by virtue of the phenolic hydrogen. Tocopherols react with the most reactive form of oxygen and protect unsaturated fatty acids from oxidation.

A natural tocopherol with less antioxidant activity than ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL. It exhibits antioxidant activity by virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus. As in BETA-TOCOPHEROL, it also has three methyl groups on the 6-chromanol nucleus but at different sites.

A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.

Natural analogs of TOCOPHEROLS exhibiting antioxidant activity. These tocol derivatives and isomers contain a benzopyran ring and an unsaturated isoprenoid side chain.

A natural tocopherol and one of the most potent antioxidant tocopherols. It exhibits antioxidant activity by virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus. It has four methyl groups on the 6-chromanol nucleus. The natural d form of alpha-tocopherol is more active than its synthetic dl-alpha-tocopherol racemic mixture.

A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN E in the diet, characterized by posterior column and spinocerebellar tract abnormalities, areflexia, ophthalmoplegia, and disturbances of gait, proprioception, and vibration. In premature infants vitamin E deficiency is associated with hemolytic anemia, thrombocytosis, edema, intraventricular hemorrhage, and increasing risk of retrolental fibroplasia and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. An apparent inborn error of vitamin E metabolism, named familial isolated vitamin E deficiency, has recently been identified. (Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1181)

The general name for a group of fat-soluble pigments found in green, yellow, and leafy vegetables, and yellow fruits. They are aliphatic hydrocarbons consisting of a polyisoprene backbone.

A natural tocopherol with less antioxidant activity than alpha-tocopherol. It exhibits antioxidant activity by virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus. As in GAMMA-TOCOPHEROL, it also has three methyl groups on the 6-chromanol nucleus but at different sites.

An interleukin-1 subtype that is synthesized as an inactive membrane-bound pro-protein. Proteolytic processing of the precursor form by CASPASE 1 results in release of the active form of interleukin-1beta from the membrane.

An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate plus oxygen to homogentisic acid and carbon dioxide. EC 1.13.11.27.

Enzymes of the isomerase class that catalyze the transfer of acyl-, phospho-, amino- or other groups from one position within a molecule to another. EC 5.4.

Naturally occurring or synthetic substances that inhibit or retard the oxidation of a substance to which it is added. They counteract the harmful and damaging effects of oxidation in animal tissues.

Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.

An 11-kDa protein associated with the outer membrane of many cells including lymphocytes. It is the small subunit of the MHC class I molecule. Association with beta 2-microglobulin is generally required for the transport of class I heavy chains from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cell surface. Beta 2-microglobulin is present in small amounts in serum, csf, and urine of normal people, and to a much greater degree in the urine and plasma of patients with tubular proteinemia, renal failure, or kidney transplants.

A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. It is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC). (From Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Engewood, CO, 1995.)

One of two major pharmacologically defined classes of adrenergic receptors. The beta adrenergic receptors play an important role in regulating CARDIAC MUSCLE contraction, SMOOTH MUSCLE relaxation, and GLYCOGENOLYSIS.

A species of CARDIOVIRUS which contains three strains: Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus, Vilyuisk human encephalomyelitis virus, and Rat encephalomyelitis virus.

An autosomal recessive disorder of lipid metabolism. It is caused by mutation of the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein that catalyzes the transport of lipids (TRIGLYCERIDES; CHOLESTEROL ESTERS; PHOSPHOLIPIDS) and is required in the secretion of BETA-LIPOPROTEINS (low density lipoproteins or LDL). Features include defective intestinal lipid absorption, very low serum cholesterol level, and near absent LDL.

A voltage-gated sodium channel subtype that mediates the sodium ion PERMEABILITY of SKELETAL MYOCYTES. Defects in the SCN4A gene, which codes for the alpha subunit of this sodium channel, are associated with several MYOTONIC DISORDERS.

Benzopyrans saturated in the 2 and 3 positions.

Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.

Oxygenated forms of carotenoids. They are usually derived from alpha and beta carotene.

Oils derived from plants or plant products.

A plant genus of the family PEDALIACEAE that is the source of the edible seed and SESAME OIL.

A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.

A xanthophyll found in the major LIGHT-HARVESTING PROTEIN COMPLEXES of plants. Dietary lutein accumulates in the MACULA LUTEA.

Any of the various plants of the genus Lactuca, especially L. sativa, cultivated for its edible leaves. (From American Heritage Dictionary, 2d ed)

A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.

An integrin found in FIBROBLASTS; PLATELETS; MONOCYTES, and LYMPHOCYTES. Integrin alpha5beta1 is the classical receptor for FIBRONECTIN, but it also functions as a receptor for LAMININ and several other EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX PROTEINS.

Also known as CD104 antigen, this protein is distinguished from other beta integrins by its relatively long cytoplasmic domain (approximately 1000 amino acids vs. approximately 50). Five alternatively spliced isoforms have been described.

A somewhat heterogeneous class of enzymes that catalyze the transfer of alkyl or related groups (excluding methyl groups). EC 2.5.

A plant species cultivated for the seed used as animal feed and as a source of canola cooking oil.

This intrgrin is a key component of HEMIDESMOSOMES and is required for their formation and maintenance in epithelial cells. Integrin alpha6beta4 is also found on thymocytes, fibroblasts, and Schwann cells, where it functions as a laminin receptor (RECEPTORS, LAMININ) and is involved in wound healing, cell migration, and tumor invasiveness.

Integrin beta chains combine with integrin alpha chains to form heterodimeric cell surface receptors. Integrins have traditionally been classified into functional groups based on the identity of one of three beta chains present in the heterodimer. The beta chain is necessary and sufficient for integrin-dependent signaling. Its short cytoplasmic tail contains sequences critical for inside-out signaling.

A 44-kDa highly glycosylated plasma protein that binds phospholipids including CARDIOLIPIN; APOLIPOPROTEIN E RECEPTOR; membrane phospholipids, and other anionic phospholipid-containing moieties. It plays a role in coagulation and apoptotic processes. Formerly known as apolipoprotein H, it is an autoantigen in patients with ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID ANTIBODIES.

Products in capsule, tablet or liquid form that provide dietary ingredients, and that are intended to be taken by mouth to increase the intake of nutrients. Dietary supplements can include macronutrients, such as proteins, carbohydrates, and fats; and/or MICRONUTRIENTS, such as VITAMINS; MINERALS; and PHYTOCHEMICALS.

Isoprostanes derived from the free radical oxidation of ARACHIDONIC ACID. Although similar in structure to enzymatically synthesized prostaglandin F2alpha (DINOPROST), they occur through non-enzymatic oxidation of cell membrane lipids.

A trihydroxybenzene or dihydroxy phenol that can be prepared by heating GALLIC ACID.

Integrin alpha4beta1 is a FIBRONECTIN and VCAM-1 receptor present on LYMPHOCYTES; MONOCYTES; EOSINOPHILS; NK CELLS and thymocytes. It is involved in both cell-cell and cell- EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX adhesion and plays a role in INFLAMMATION, hematopoietic cell homing and immune function, and has been implicated in skeletal MYOGENESIS; NEURAL CREST migration and proliferation, lymphocyte maturation and morphogenesis of the PLACENTA and HEART.

An integrin found on fibroblasts, platelets, endothelial and epithelial cells, and lymphocytes where it functions as a receptor for COLLAGEN and LAMININ. Although originally referred to as the collagen receptor, it is one of several receptors for collagen. Ligand binding to integrin alpha2beta1 triggers a cascade of intracellular signaling, including activation of p38 MAP kinase.

A subclass of beta-adrenergic receptors (RECEPTORS, ADRENERGIC, BETA). The adrenergic beta-2 receptors are more sensitive to EPINEPHRINE than to NOREPINEPHRINE and have a high affinity for the agonist TERBUTALINE. They are widespread, with clinically important roles in SKELETAL MUSCLE; LIVER; and vascular, bronchial, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary SMOOTH MUSCLE.

The encapsulated embryos of flowering plants. They are used as is or for animal feed because of the high content of concentrated nutrients like starches, proteins, and fats. Rapeseed, cottonseed, and sunflower seed are also produced for the oils (fats) they yield.

An enzyme that, in the pathway of cholesterol biosynthesis, catalyzes the condensation of isopentenyl pyrophosphate and dimethylallylpyrophosphate to yield pyrophosphate and geranylpyrophosphate. The enzyme then catalyzes the condensation of the latter compound with another molecule of isopentenyl pyrophosphate to yield pyrophosphate and farnesylpyrophosphate. EC 2.5.1.1.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

Organic substances that are required in small amounts for maintenance and growth, but which cannot be manufactured by the human body.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

Red blood cells. Mature erythrocytes are non-nucleated, biconcave disks containing HEMOGLOBIN whose function is to transport OXYGEN.

The chemical alteration of an exogenous substance by or in a biological system. The alteration may inactivate the compound or it may result in the production of an active metabolite of an inactive parent compound. The alterations may be divided into METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE I and METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE II.

A family of transmembrane glycoproteins (MEMBRANE GLYCOPROTEINS) consisting of noncovalent heterodimers. They interact with a wide variety of ligands including EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX PROTEINS; COMPLEMENT, and other cells, while their intracellular domains interact with the CYTOSKELETON. The integrins consist of at least three identified families: the cytoadhesin receptors(RECEPTORS, CYTOADHESIN), the leukocyte adhesion receptors (RECEPTORS, LEUKOCYTE ADHESION), and the VERY LATE ANTIGEN RECEPTORS. Each family contains a common beta-subunit (INTEGRIN BETA CHAINS) combined with one or more distinct alpha-subunits (INTEGRIN ALPHA CHAINS). These receptors participate in cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesion in many physiologically important processes, including embryological development; HEMOSTASIS; THROMBOSIS; WOUND HEALING; immune and nonimmune defense mechanisms; and oncogenic transformation.

A soluble factor produced by MONOCYTES; MACROPHAGES, and other cells which activates T-lymphocytes and potentiates their response to mitogens or antigens. Interleukin-1 is a general term refers to either of the two distinct proteins, INTERLEUKIN-1ALPHA and INTERLEUKIN-1BETA. The biological effects of IL-1 include the ability to replace macrophage requirements for T-cell activation.

Integrin beta-1 chains which are expressed as heterodimers that are noncovalently associated with specific alpha-chains of the CD49 family (CD49a-f). CD29 is expressed on resting and activated leukocytes and is a marker for all of the very late activation antigens on cells. (from: Barclay et al., The Leukocyte Antigen FactsBook, 1993, p164)

A cell surface receptor mediating cell adhesion to the EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX and to other cells via binding to LAMININ. It is involved in cell migration, embryonic development, leukocyte activation and tumor cell invasiveness. Integrin alpha6beta1 is the major laminin receptor on PLATELETS; LEUKOCYTES; and many EPITHELIAL CELLS, and ligand binding may activate a number of signal transduction pathways. Alternative splicing of the cytoplasmic domain of the alpha6 subunit (INTEGRIN ALPHA6) results in the formation of A and B isoforms of the heterodimer, which are expressed in a tissue-specific manner.

A type I keratin found associated with KERATIN-6 in rapidly proliferating squamous epithelial tissue. Mutations in the gene for keratin-17 have been associated with PACHYONYCHIA CONGENITA, TYPE 2.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

The use of sophisticated methods and equipment to treat cardiopulmonary arrest. Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) includes the use of specialized equipment to maintain the airway, early defibrillation and pharmacological therapy.

A subclass of beta-adrenergic receptors (RECEPTORS, ADRENERGIC, BETA). The adrenergic beta-1 receptors are equally sensitive to EPINEPHRINE and NOREPINEPHRINE and bind the agonist DOBUTAMINE and the antagonist METOPROLOL with high affinity. They are found in the HEART, juxtaglomerular cells, and in the central and peripheral nervous systems.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

Six-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives. Various polyneuropathies are caused by hexane poisoning.

Integrin alpha1beta1 functions as a receptor for LAMININ and COLLAGEN. It is widely expressed during development, but in the adult is the predominant laminin receptor (RECEPTORS, LAMININ) in mature SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, where it is important for maintenance of the differentiated phenotype of these cells. Integrin alpha1beta1 is also found in LYMPHOCYTES and microvascular endothelial cells, and may play a role in angiogenesis. In SCHWANN CELLS and neural crest cells, it is involved in cell migration. Integrin alpha1beta1 is also known as VLA-1 and CD49a-CD29.

A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).

A disturbance in the prooxidant-antioxidant balance in favor of the former, leading to potential damage. Indicators of oxidative stress include damaged DNA bases, protein oxidation products, and lipid peroxidation products (Sies, Oxidative Stress, 1991, pxv-xvi).

Isolation and characterization of homogentisate phytyltransferase genes from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and Arabidopsis. (1/7)

Tocopherols, synthesized by photosynthetic organisms, are micronutrients with antioxidant properties that play important roles in animal and human nutrition. Because of these health benefits, there is considerable interest in identifying the genes involved in tocopherol biosynthesis to allow transgenic alteration of both tocopherol levels and composition in agricultural crops. Tocopherols are generated from the condensation of phytyldiphosphate and homogentisic acid (HGA), followed by cyclization and methylation reactions. Homogentisate phytyltransferase (HPT) performs the first committed step in this pathway, the phytylation of HGA. In this study, bioinformatics techniques were used to identify candidate genes, slr1736 and HPT1, that encode HPT from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and Arabidopsis, respectively. These two genes encode putative membrane-bound proteins, and contain amino acid residues highly conserved with other prenyltransferases of the aromatic type. A Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 slr1736 null mutant obtained by insertional inactivation did not accumulate tocopherols, and was rescued by the Arabidopsis HPT1 ortholog. The membrane fraction of wild-type Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 was capable of catalyzing the phytylation of HGA, whereas the membrane fraction from the slr1736 null mutant was not. The microsomal membrane fraction of baculovirus-infected insect cells expressing the Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 slr1736 were also able to perform the phytylation reaction, verifying HPT activity of the protein encoded by this gene. In addition, evidence that antisense expression of HPT1 in Arabidopsis resulted in reduced seed tocopherol levels, whereas seed-specific sense expression resulted in increased seed tocopherol levels, is presented. (+info)

Characterization of gamma-tocopherol methyltransferases from Capsicum annuum L and Arabidopsis thaliana. (2/7)

Tocopherols are essential micronutrients in human and animal nutrition due to their function as lipophilic antioxidants. They are exclusively synthesized by photosynthetic organisms including higher plants. Despite the attributed beneficial health effects and many industrial applications, research on the tocopherol biosynthetic pathway and its regulation in plants is still limited. In the work presented here we performed a detailed biochemical characterization of a gamma-tocopherol methyltransferase (gamma-TMT) from Arabidopsis thaliana and of a gamma-TMT purified from Capsicum annuum fruits, a tissue with high accumulation of tocopherols. The biochemical characteristics of both enzyme preparations were remarkably similar including substrate specificities. Both enzymes converted delta- and gamma- into beta- and alpha-tocopherol, respectively, but beta-tocopherol was not accepted as a substrate, pointing to a specific methylation at the C(5)-position of the tocopherol aromatic head group. A kinetic analysis performed with the Arabidopsis enzyme was consistent with an iso-ordered bi-bi type reaction mechanism. Our results emphasize the role of gamma-TMT in regulating the spectrum of accumulated tocopherols in plants. (+info)

The cytotoxicity of vitamin E is both vitamer- and cell-specific and involves a selectable trait. (3/7)

During a study of the effect of vitamin E in activated mouse macrophages, we observed a reduction in the viability of cells treated with various forms of vitamin E. We show in this report that some tocopherols (both gamma- and delta-tocopherol) are cytotoxic to some but not all cell types. Mouse macrophages were especially sensitive (40 micromol/L), whereas human hepatocytes and bovine endothelial cells were almost completely refractory (90 micromol/L). The fully methylated tocopherol, alpha-tocopherol (alpha-Toc), was not cytotoxic in any cell type tested. The cytotoxicity observed with delta-tocopherol (delta-Toc) was associated with 2 markers of apoptosis. Vitamer-specific cytotoxicity was not due to differences in cellular uptake/accumulation because both alpha-Toc and delta-Toc accumulated equally in any cell type tested. In contrast, the cell-specific cytotoxicity was related in part to uptake/accumulation of the tocopherols. Macrophages accumulated nearly 5 times more tocopherol compared with hepatocytes cultured under similar conditions. To address the hypothesis that uptake accounted for the cell-specific sensitivity, we developed a macrophage "subtype" that was markedly resistant (>150 micromol/L) to delta-Toc. Under many different cell culture conditions (including human serum) uptake/accumulation of tocopherols was reduced in this subtype by approximately 50%. Further selection and evaluation of this phenotype, however, demonstrated no cytotoxicity even when cellular levels were elevated. Our results show that undermethylated tocopherols are cytotoxic to macrophages and that there are independent and selectable processes that determine cellular tocopherol uptake/accumulation and delta-Toc cytotoxicity. (+info)

Dietary alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-tocopherols in lung cancer risk. (4/7)

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Dietary beta-tocopherol and linoleic acid, serum insulin, and waist circumference predict circulating sex hormone-binding globulin in premenopausal women. (5/7)

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Replacement of alpha-tocopherol by beta-tocopherol enhances resistance to photooxidative stress in a xanthophyll-deficient strain of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. (6/7)

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Implications for degenerative disorders: antioxidative activity, total phenols, flavonoids, ascorbic acid, beta-carotene and beta-tocopherol in Aloe vera. (7/7)

In order to demonstrate whether the known biological effects of Aloe vera (L.) Burm. fil. could correlate with the antioxidant activity of the plant, the antioxidant activity of the aqueous leaf extract was investigated. The present study demonstrated that the aqueous extract from A. vera leaves contained naturally occuring antioxidant components, including total phenols, flavonoids, ascorbic acid, beta-carotene and alpha-tocopherol. The extract exhibited inhibitory capacity against Fe(3+)/ascorbic acid induced phosphatidylcholine liposome oxidation, scavenged stable DPPH(*), ABTS(*+) and superoxide anion radicals, and acted as reductant. In contrast, the leaf inner gel did not show any antioxidant activity. It was concluded that the known beneficial effects of Aloe vera could be attributed to its antioxidant activity and could be related to the presence of phenolic compounds and antioxidant vitamins. (+info)

Beta-tocopherol 0 g 0 Gamma-tocopherol 1.42E-15 g Delta-tocopherol 1.04E-15 g ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tayberry

The Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta Carotene Cancer Prevention Study Group (1994). "The effect of vitamin E and beta carotene on the ... 1996). "Effects of a combination of beta carotene and vitamin A on lung cancer and cardiovascular disease" (PDF). N Engl J Med ... All other carotenoids, including lycopene, have no beta-ring and thus no vitamin A activity (although they may have antioxidant ... Grodstein F, Kang JH, Glynn RJ, Cook NR, Gaziano JM (Nov 2007). "A randomized trial of beta carotene supplementation and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carotene

For beta(β)-tocopherol: R1 = methyl group, R2 = H, R3 = methyl group. For gamma(γ)-tocopherol: R1 = H, R2 = methyl group, R3 = ... Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta Carotene Cancer Prevention Study Group (April 1994). "The effect of vitamin E and beta carotene on the ... "Scientific Opinion on the re‐evaluation of tocopherol‐rich extract (E 306), α‐tocopherol (E 307), γ‐tocopherol (E 308) and δ‐ ... The naturally occurring plant form of alpha-tocopherol is RRR-α-tocopherol, also referred to as d-tocopherol, whereas the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_E

The Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta Carotene Cancer Prevention Study Group (1994). "The effect of vitamin E and beta carotene on the ... a b c d e f g h i j What can foods rich in beta-carotene do for you? Archived June 26, 2007, at the Wayback Machine.. Whfoods. ... 1996). "Effects of a combination of beta carotene and vitamin A on lung cancer and cardiovascular disease". N Engl J Med. 334 ( ... All other carotenoids, including lycopene, have no beta-ring and thus no vitamin A activity (although they may have antioxidant ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E160a

... and alpha-tocopherol (a form of vitamin E) (5 studies) content; milk studies reported on beta-carotene (4 studies) and alpha- ... tocopherol levels (4 studies). Few studies examined vitamin content in meats, but these found no difference in beta-carotene in ... Produce studies reported on ascorbic acid (vitamin C) (31 studies), beta-carotene (a precursor for vitamin A) (12 studies), ... α-tocopherol and iron, but lower iodine and selenium concentrations in organic milk: a systematic literature review and meta- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_food

The oil contains high concentrations of oleic acid, tocopherols, and carotenoids, especially beta-carotene. The oil has a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritia_flexuosa

Zhang P, Omaye ST (February 2001). "Antioxidant and prooxidant roles for beta-carotene, alpha-tocopherol and ascorbic acid in ... In a high-risk group like smokers, high doses of beta carotene increased the rate of lung cancer since high doses of beta- ... Since dietary sources contain a wider range of carotenoids and vitamin E tocopherols and tocotrienols from whole foods, ex post ... Beta Carotene, and Vitamin E) may increase mortality risk (although studies more prone to bias reported the reverse). The USDA ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidative_stress

2008). "Effect of alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene supplementation on the incidence of type 2 diabetes". Diabetologia. 51 (1 ... Song Y.; Cook N.; Albert C.; Denburgh M. V.; Manson J. E. (2009). "Effects of vitamins C and E and beta-carotene on the risk of ... Antioxidants: Three vitamins, ascorbic acid; α-tocopherol; and β-carotene, are well recognized for their antioxidant activities ... the continuing autoimmune disease which initially destroyed the beta cells of the pancreas may also cause neuropathy, and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complications_of_diabetes

The authors found 4 studies on each of beta-carotene and alpha-tocopherol levels in milk; differences were heterogeneous and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_milk

"Long-term supplementation with alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene and prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in smokers". Oral ... Another study examined a combination of Vitamin E and beta carotene in smokers with early-stage cancer of the oropharynx, and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_and_neck_cancer

... making both beta / gamma tocotrienol as well as the beta / gamma tocopherol pairs of stereoisomer. Vitamin E Tocopherol ... The beta- and gamma- forms both have two substituted methyl groups, although at different structural positions (5,8-dimethyl ... The four compounds with the saturated tails are the tocopherols, and the four compounds with the unsaturated tails are the ... 2013). Tocotrienols: Vitamin E Beyond Tocopherols (2nd ed.). Boca Raton: CRC Press. ISBN 9781439884416. Komiyama K, Iizuka K, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma-Tocotrienol

2008). "Effect of alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene supplementation on the incidence of type 2 diabetes". Diabetologia. 51 (1 ... Research from 2007 suggested that in type 1 diabetics, the continuing autoimmune disease which initially destroyed the beta ... Three vitamins, ascorbic acid; α-tocopherol; and β-carotene, are well recognized for their antioxidant activities in human. ... "Effects of vitamins C and E and beta-carotene on the risk of type 2 diabetes in women at high risk of cardiovascular disease: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complications_of_diabetes_mellitus

... and Retinol and Risk of Lung Cancer in the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cohort Study". American Journal of Epidemiology. 156 ... Evidence points to beta carotene being one example of such a compound, which has led researchers to caution against the ... Tanvetyanon, T; Bepler, G (July 2008). "Beta-carotene in multivitamins and the possible risk of lung cancer among smokers ... In recent years, people substitutes health supplement for healthy meal.[citation needed] Some myths even state beta carotene [ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co-carcinogen

The vitamin E family comprise four tocotrienols (alpha, beta, gamma, delta) and four tocopherols (alpha, beta, gamma, delta). ... Tocotrienols are named by analogy to tocopherols (from Greek words meaning to bear a pregnancy (see tocopherol); but with this ... Various studies have shown that alpha-tocopherol interferes with tocotrienol benefits. High levels of α-tocopherol increase ... "Influence of major structural features of tocopherols and tocotrienols on their omega-oxidation by tocopherol-omega-hydroxylase ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tocotrienol

1997). "Randomised trial of alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene supplements on incidence of major coronary events in men with ... beta-carotene, vitamin A, and vitamin E) may increase mortality, although with respect to beta-carotene this conclusion may be ... Some vitamins are toxic in high doses, including niacin (B3), cholecalciferol (D) and tocopherol (E). The view of the medical ... Patrick Lyn (December 1999). "Nutrients and HIV: part one -- beta carotene and selenium" (PDF). Altern Med Rev. 4 (6): 403-13. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthomolecular_medicine

Sowell AL, Huff DL, Yeager PR, Caudill SP, Gunter EW (March 1994). "Retinol, alpha-tocopherol, lutein/zeaxanthin, beta- ... Supplements of beta-carotene, vitamin A, and vitamin E have no positive effect on mortality rate or cancer risk.[needs update] ... Of these, α-tocopherol has been most studied as it has the highest bioavailability, with the body preferentially absorbing and ... The Beta-Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial (CARET) study of lung cancer patients found that smokers given supplements ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antioxidant

"Retinol, alpha-tocopherol, lutein/zeaxanthin, beta-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, alpha-carotene, trans-beta-carotene, and four ... Vitamin E (tocopherols, tocotrienols) Vegetable oils, nuts, and seeds Carotenoids (carotenes as provitamin A) Fruit, vegetables ... Vitamin E is the collective name for a set of eight related tocopherols and tocotrienols, which are fat-soluble vitamins with ... Azzi A (July 2007). "Molecular mechanism of alpha-tocopherol action". Free Radical Biology & Medicine. 43 (1): 16-21. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_radical_scavenger

"Dietary Carotenoids, Serum beta-Carotene, and Retinol and Risk of Lung Cancer in the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cohort ... In recent years, people substitutes health supplement for healthy meal.[citation needed] Some myths even state beta carotene [ ... Evidence points to beta carotene being one example of such a compound, which has led researchers to caution against the ... Over intake beta carotene for a long period of time increased the risk of lung cancer, prostate cancer and many other kind of ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co-carcinogen

... alpha-tocopherol MeSH D03.438.150.909.750.374 - beta-tocopherol MeSH D03.438.150.909.750.500 - gamma-tocopherol MeSH D03.438. ... alpha-tocopherol MeSH D03.830.219.909.750.374 - beta-tocopherol MeSH D03.830.219.909.750.500 - gamma-tocopherol MeSH D03.830. ... beta-naphthoflavone MeSH D03.438.150.266.450.190 - biflavonoids MeSH D03.438.150.266.450.206 - catechin MeSH D03.438.150.266. ... beta-naphthoflavone MeSH D03.830.219.266.450.190 - biflavonoids MeSH D03.830.219.266.450.206 - catechin MeSH D03.830.219.266. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D03)

... 's fruits have a high content of sugars (40%), and antioxidant vitamins such as vitamin C, beta-carotene, niacin, ... The analysed fruits contain very useful bioactive phytochemicals such as phenolics, vitamins (ascorbic acid and tocopherols) ... tocopherols, and organic acids that are precursors to omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids (nearly 9%). They are edible fresh, but ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbutus_unedo

Kamal-Eldin A, Appelqvist LA (July 1996). "The chemistry and antioxidant properties of tocopherols and tocotrienols". Lipids. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-Tocotrienol

... beta-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, alpha-carotene, trans-beta-carotene, and four retinyl esters in serum determined simultaneously ... Azzi, Angelo (2007). «Molecular mechanism of α-tocopherol action». Free Radical Biology and Medicine. 43 (1): 16-21. PMID ... Albanes D (1999). «Beta-carotene and lung cancer: a case study». Am J Clin Nutr. 69 (6): 1345S-50S. PMID 10359235. ... Tem sido afirmado que a forma α-tocopherol é o mais importante antioxidante solúvel em lípidos e que protege as membranas da ...

https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antioxidantes

... higher in beta-carotene, 288% higher in vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol), higher in the B-vitamins thiamin and riboflavin, higher ... to be due to the lower rate of use of dietary ALA for beta-oxidation. One preliminary study showed that EPA can be increased by ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omega-3_fatty_acids

... tocopherols, i.e. R, R,R-alpha-tocopherol content plus at least 25% R, R,R-beta-, R, R,R-gamma-, R, R,R-delta-tocopherols.[ ... As a food additive, tocopherol is labeled with these E numbers: E306 (tocopherol), E307 (α-tocopherol), E308 (γ-tocopherol), ... Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta Carotene Cancer Prevention Study Group (April 1994). "The effect of vitamin E and beta carotene on the ... According to listings by FAO and others beta-tocopherol should be multiplied by 0.5, gamma-tocopherol by 0.1, and a-tocotrienol ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tocopherol

See the main article tocopherol for more information. alpha-Tocopherol beta-Tocopherol delta-Tocopherol (+)-γ-Tocopherol at ... γ-Tocopherol is one of the chemical compounds that is considered vitamin E. As a food additive, it has E number E308. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma-Tocopherol

... tocopherols) and steroids (campesterol, beta-sitosterol, stigmasterol). Grapeseed oil contains small amounts of vitamin E, but ... ISBN 978-0-85199-723-0. Sabir, A; Unver, A; Kara, Z (2012). "The fatty acid and tocopherol constituents of the seed oil ... A study of 21 grape cultivars showed variation of oil composition, especially for linoleic acid and tocopherols. Although grape ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grape_seed_oil

"Retinol, alpha-tocopherol, lutein/zeaxanthin, beta-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, alpha-carotene, trans-beta-carotene, and four ... The beta-Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial (CARET) study of lung cancer patients found that smokers given supplements ... Vitamin E (tocopherols, tocotrienols) Vegetable oils, nuts, and seeds Carotenoids (carotenes as provitamin A) Fruit, vegetables ... Vitamin E is the collective name for a set of eight related tocopherols and tocotrienols, which are fat-soluble vitamins with ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antioxidant

Lupins also contain moderate amounts of the carotenoids beta carotene, lutein, zeaxanthin, and tocopherols (vitamin E). ... Lupin oils have high antioxidant capacities due in part to the presence of tocopherol (vitamin E). The total vitamin E content ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lupin_bean

The main carotenoids are beta-carotene, zeaxanthin and lycopene while alpha-tocopherol is the major vitamin E compound. The ... Kallio H, Yang B, Peippo P, Tahvonen R, Pan R (2002). "Triacylglycerols, glycerophospholipids, tocopherols, and tocotrienols in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippophae_rhamnoides

... (Vietnamese: [tɨəŋ]) is the name applied to a variety of condiments a kind of fermented bean paste made from soybean and commonly used in Vietnamese cuisine. Originally, the term tương refers to a salty paste made from fermented soybeans, which is popular in vegetarian meals, particularly those prepared and eaten by Vietnamese Buddhist monks. It is also the most typical dipping sauce for summer rolls (gỏi cuốn). The paste, which is generally dark brown in color, is produced by adding the fungus Aspergillus oryzae to roasted soybeans, which are then allowed to naturally ferment in a jar with water until it develops an umami flavor. Other ingredients, such as glutinous rice or maize powder, salt, or water, may also be used. Tương is similar to the Chinese yellow soybean paste, though the latter is generally saltier and thicker in texture. Tương may range in consistency from a thick paste to a thin liquid. Some varieties, such as that prepared in Central Vietnam, are watery, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tương

2002). »Comparison of the effects of alpha-tocopherol, ubiquinone-10 and probucol at therapeutic doses on atherosclerosis in ... in intracelularnih A beta kortikalnih ostankov. Študija Kipiani-ja s sodelavci je ugotovila, da je administracija CoQ10 pri ... 60 dni izkazalo delno zmanjšanje prevelike produkcije A beta (tj.glavna sestavina amiloidnih plakov v možganih pri pacientih z ...

https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubikinon

Dopamine beta-hydroxylase participates in the biosynthesis of norepinephrine from dopamine.[97][98] ... Kaufman S (1974). "Dopamine-beta-hydroxylase". Journal of Psychiatric Research. 11: 303-316. doi:10.1016/0022-3956(74)90112-5. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L-ascorbic_acid

Beta-carotene and other carotenoids. Dietary reference intakes for vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium, and carotenoids, Washington ... Plasma LDL and HDL subspecies are heterogeneous in particle content of tocopherols and oxygenated and hydrocarbon carotenoids: ... beta-carotene, lycopene and lutein, on colonic aberrant crypt foci formation in rats. - Cancer Lett, 1996, kd 107, nr 1, lk 137 ... Lycopene is a more potent inhibitor of human cancer cell proliferation than either alpha-carotene or beta-carotene. - Nutr ...

https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lükopeen

Tocopherol (Vitamin E) -. *Tocopherol concentrate (natural) - antioksidan. *Tragacanth - kıvam arttırıcı, bitkisel sakız, ... Beta-apo-8'-carotenal (C 30) - color. *Beta-apo-8'-carotenic acid ethyl ester - renklendirici ...

https://tr.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gıda_katkı_maddeleri_listesi

... (醬油) is considered almost as old as soy paste-a type of fermented paste (Jiang, 醬) obtained from soybeans-which had appeared during the Western Han dynasty (206 BC - 220 AD) and was listed in the bamboo slips found in the archaeological site Mawangdui (馬王堆).[6][5] There are several precursors of soy sauce that are associated products with soy paste. Among them the earliest one is Qingjiang (清醬) that had appeared in AD 40 and was listed in Simin Yueling (四民月令).[7] Others are Jiangqing (醬清), Chizhi (豉汁) and Chiqing (豉清) which are recorded in Qimin Yaoshu (齊民要術) in AD 540.[7] By the time of the Song dynasty (960-1279 AD), the term soy sauce (醬油) had become the accepted name for the liquid condiment,[7] which are documented in two books: Shanjia Qinggong (山家清供)[9] and Pujiang Wushi Zhongkuilu (浦江吳氏中饋錄)[10] during the Song dynasty (960-1279 AD). Like many salty condiments, soy sauce was originally

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kecap

In 1996, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) published regulations requiring the addition of folic acid to enriched breads, cereals, flours, corn meals, pastas, rice, and other grain products.[95][96] This ruling took effect on January 1, 1998, and was specifically targeted to reduce the risk of neural tube birth defects in newborns.[97] There were concerns expressed that the amount of folate added was insufficient.[98] As a result of the folic acid fortification program, fortified grain foods became a major source of folic acid in the American diet.[8][99] The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, Georgia used data from 23 birth defect registries covering about half of United States births, and extrapolated their findings to the rest of the country. These data indicate that since the addition of folic acid in grain-based foods as mandated by the FDA, the rate of neural tube defects dropped by 25% in the United States.[100] Before folic acid fortification, about ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_b9

লেখাগুলো ক্রিয়েটিভ কমন্স অ্যাট্রিবিউশন/শেয়ার-আলাইক লাইসেন্সের আওতাভুক্ত; এর সাথে বাড়তি শর্ত প্রযোজ্য হতে পারে। এই সাইট ব্যবহার করার মাধ্যমে, আপনি এটি ব্যবহারের শর্তাবলী ও এর গোপনীয়তা নীতির সাথে সম্মত হচ্ছেন। উইকিপিডিয়া®, অলাভজনক সংস্থা উইকিমিডিয়া ফাউন্ডেশনের একটি নিবন্ধিত ট্রেডমার্ক ...

https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/টেমপ্লেট:ভিটামিন

... cystathionine beta synthase; CGL: cystathionine gamma-lyase; DHF: dihydrofolate (vitamin B9); DMG: dimethylglycine; dTMP: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N5,N10-methylene_tetrahydrofolate

SBAs have a molecular weight of 120 kDa and an isoelectric point near pH 6.0[2] SBA preferentially binds to oligosaccharide structures with terminal α-helix or β-sheet linked N-acetylgalactosamine, and to a lesser extent, galactose residues. Binding can be blocked by substitutions on penultimate sugars, such as fucose attached to the penultimate galactose in blood group B. Soybean lectin has a metal binding site, which is conserved among beans.[3] SBA binds to intestinal epithelial cells, causing inflammation and intestinal permeability, and is a major factor in acute inflammation from raw soybean meal fed to animals.[4] Studies on rats fed SBA had complex changes: With increasing doses of soybean agglutinin, the activities of aspartate aminotransferase linearly increased in plasma and decreased plasma insulin content without decrease in blood glucose levels. Consumption of soybean agglutinin resulted in a depletion of lipid and an overgrowth of small intestine and pancreas in rats. Meanwhile, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soybean_agglutinin

By layering and bunching the sheets in a certain manner, an imitation of chicken breast can be created with yuba. The effect is completed by frying the "skin" side of the tofu chicken until it is crispy. If stuffed with vegetables, it becomes tofu duck. Likewise various other meat alternatives have been made in this way, especially by Buddhist vegetarian restaurants in areas of Chinese culture.[3] The world's first meat analogs were developed in China, probably by Buddhist cooks in temples and monasteries.[4] The earliest process for making these meatless meats consisted of rolling thin sheets of doufupi, literally tofu skin, around a filling of minced, smoked, or other seasoned pieces of tofu skin, tying closed the bundle with string, and steaming until a meaty texture and flavor developed.[4] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tofu_skin

2011). „The role of vitamin E (tocopherol) supplementation in the prevention of stroke. A meta-analysis of 13 randomized ... Tokoferol (Alfa, Beta, Gama, Delta) • Tokotrienol (Alfa, Beta, Gama, Delta) · Tokofersolan. K ... Bieri, Evarts (1974). „γ-Tocopherol: metabolism, biological activity and significance in human vitamin E nutrition". American ...

https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_E

The Tofurky roast is found in health food grocery stores; however, availability is limited in some areas. Inside the box, it comes in the form of a small but dense roast, wrapped tightly in a disposable casing, and is something of a rounded loaf in shape. It comes stuffed with mushrooms, herbs, and wild rice. Though the roast can be purchased separately, it is also offered as part of a meal with cranberry-apple-potato dumplings, gravy, and "wishstix"[4] made from Tofurky Jurky, a meatless jerky product. The Whole Foods store chain is a major seller of Tofurky products. Tofurky is a popular meat alternative[5] amongst many vegetarians, who avoid turkey for ethical and/or personal reasons. The product is free from turkey and other meat products. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tofurky

... tocopherol, and vitamin D.[5] ... Beta-conglycinin. *Glycinin. PHAs (Lectins). *Soybean ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okara_

Vitamin E, alpha-tocopherol (mg) 0.49 0.11 1.01 0.01 0.19 0 0.26 0.39 0 0.14 15 ... Carotenoid compounds include provitamin A alpha-carotene and beta-carotene, which are converted to the essential nutrient, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solanum_tuberosum_tuberosum

... and beta-group interconversion.[1][4] The liver is the site for vitamin B6 metabolism.[citation needed] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_B6

Tocopherols (vitamin E). *Tocotrienols (vitamin E). *Tyrosol. *Ubiquinone (coenzyme Q). *Uric acid ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-Acetylcysteine

... beta oxidation).[17][unreliable medical source?] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_B

Vitamin E, alpha-tocopherol (mg) 0.49 0.11 1.01 0.01 0.19 0 0.26 0.39 0 0.14 15 ... Beta-carotene (μg) 97 0 5 1 8 0 8,509 83 0 457 10,500 ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soy

Inhibition by statins and beta blockers[edit]. CoQ10 shares a biosynthetic pathway with cholesterol. The synthesis of an ... Inhibition of coenzyme Q10-enzymes by clinically used adrenergic blockers of beta-receptors". Research Communications in ... Tocopherols (vitamin E). *Tocotrienols (vitamin E). *Tyrosol. *Ubiquinone (coenzyme Q). *Uric acid ... intermediary precursor of CoQ10, mevalonate, is inhibited by some beta blockers, blood pressure-lowering medication,[10] and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubidecarenone

beta Sitosterol. *gamma sitosterol. *Stigmasterol. *Tocopherols. *Cholesterol. *Testosterone. *Cholecalciferol (Vit D). * ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholecalciferol

α-生育酚（英語：alpha-Tocopherol）. β-生育酚（英語：beta-Tocopherol）. ... Scientific Opinion on the re‐evaluation of tocopherol‐rich extract (E 306), α‐tocopherol (E 307), γ‐tocopherol (E 308) and δ‐ ... α-生育酚（英語：alpha-Tocopherol）是一種親脂性抗氧化劑，在穀胱甘肽過氧化物酶的途徑中起作用[51]，它透過在脂質過氧化連鎖反應中產生的脂

https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/维生素E

... is a source of potassium, dietary fiber, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E (alpha tocopherol), vitamin K, thiamin, ... Beta-carotene 120 IU 177 IU 2658 IU Vitamin E 880 mcg 220 mcg 580 mcg ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheat_grass

Copper and zinc are known to bind to amyloid beta proteins in Alzheimer's disease. This bound form is thought to mediate the ... Accessed March 11, 2011 "Comparison of the effect of α-lipoic acid and α-tocopherol supplementation on measures of oxidative ... Faller P (2009-12-14). "Copper and zinc binding to amyloid-beta: coordination, dynamics, aggregation, reactivity and metal-ion ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_toxicity

The United States Public Health Service recommends an extra 0.4 mg/day for newly pregnant women, which they can take as a pill. However, many researchers believe this supplementation can never work effectively enough, since about half of all pregnancies in the U.S. are unplanned, and not all women comply with the recommendation. Approximately 53% of the US population uses dietary supplements and 35% uses dietary supplements that contain folic acid.[109] Men consume more folate (in dietary folate equivalents) than women, and non-Hispanic whites have higher folate intakes than Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic blacks.[109] Twenty-nine percent of black women have inadequate intakes of folate.[109] The age group consuming the most folate and folic acid is the ,50 group.[109] 5% of the population exceeds the Tolerable Upper Intake Level.[109] In 1996, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) published regulations requiring the addition of folic acid to enriched breads, cereals, flours, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folacin

... has been used as a vitamin C dietary supplement.[8] As a cosmetic ingredient, dehydroascorbic acid is used to enhance the appearance of the skin.[9] It may be used in a process for permanent waving of hair[10] and in a process for sunless tanning of skin.[11] In a cell culture growth medium, dehydroascorbic acid has been used to assure the uptake of vitamin C into cell types that do not contain ascorbic acid transporters.[12] As a pharmaceutical agent, some research has suggested that administration of dehydroascorbic acid may confer protection from neuronal injury following an ischemic stroke.[7] The literature contains many reports on the antiviral effects of vitamin C,[13] and one study suggests dehydroascorbic acid has stronger antiviral effects and a different mechanism of action than ascorbic acid.[14] Solutions in water containing ascorbic acid and copper ions and/or peroxide, resulting in rapid oxidation of ascorbic acid to dehydroascorbic acid, have been shown to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dehydroascorbic_acid

Tocopherol/tocopheryl acetate (Vitamin E), which may be derived from wheat. *Hydrolyzed wheat protein or hydrolyzed wheat ... Beta glucan. *Disodium wheat germamido PEG-2-sulfosuccinate. *Fermented grain extract. *AMP-Isostearoyl ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shampoo

Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta Carotene Cancer Prevention Study Group. The effect of vitamin E and beta carotene on the incidence of ... Tocopherols. Vitamin E. Tocotrienols. alpha-Tocopherol. Carotenoids. Beta Carotene. Antioxidants. Molecular Mechanisms of ... Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC) Study. The safety and scientific validity of this study is the ... Kataja-Tuomola M, Sundell JR, Männistö S, Virtanen MJ, Kontto J, Albanes D, Virtamo J. Effect of alpha-tocopherol and beta- ...

https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00342992

The Alpha-Tocopherol Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC) Study was a large randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 2x2 ... a-tocopherol as dl-a-tocopheryl acetate (50 mg/day), (Beta)-carotene as. all-trans-(Beta)-carotene (20 mg/day), both ... Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Lung Cancer Prevention Study (ATBC Study) Population. Trial Phase:. N/A. Minimum Age:. 50 Years ... Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Lung Cancer Prevention Study (ATBC Study) Population. The ATBC study was a randomized, double- ...

http://www.knowcancer.com/cancer-trials/NCT00342992/

In the Finnish Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC) Study, alpha-tocopherol supplementation decreased ... In the ATBC Study, 29 133 male smokers aged 50 to 69 years received alpha-tocopherol (50 mg), beta-carotene (20 mg), both ... To analyze postintervention effects of alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene on cancer incidence and total and cause-specific ... The preventive effects of alpha-tocopherol on prostate cancer require confirmation in other trials. Smokers should avoid beta- ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12876090?dopt=Abstract

... beta-tocopherol explanation free. What is beta-tocopherol? Meaning of beta-tocopherol medical term. What does beta-tocopherol ... Looking for online definition of beta-tocopherol in the Medical Dictionary? ... Beta-tocopherol , definition of beta-tocopherol by Medical dictionary https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/beta- ... medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/beta-tocopherol,beta-tocopherol,/a,. *Facebook ...

http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/beta-tocopherol

PubMed journal article Effects of supplemental alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene on colorectal cancer: results from a ... Vitamin E and beta carotene supplementation in high risk for stroke: a subgroup analysis of the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene ... Effects of alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene supplementation on gastric cancer incidence in male smokers (ATBC Study, Finland ... We tested the effects of alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene supplementation on the incidence of colorectal cancer in the Alpha- ...

https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/10782653/Effects_of_supplemental_alpha_tocopherol_and_beta_carotene_on_colorectal_cancer:_results_from_a_controlled_trial__Finland_

Alpha-tocopherol beta-oxidation localized to rat liver mitochondria. Title. Alpha-tocopherol beta-oxidation localized to rat ... of homogenate alpha-tocopherol levels. In alpha-tocopherol-injected rats, microsome alpha-tocopherol levels increased 28-fold, ... To test the hypothesis that alpha-tocopherol omega-hydroxylation occurs in microsomes while beta-oxidation occurs in ... In alpha-tocopherol-injected rats, microsome 13-OH-alpha-tocopherol levels increased 24-fold compared to controls, and were 7- ...

https://lpi.oregonstate.edu/biblio/alpha-tocopherol-beta-oxidation-localized-rat-liver-mitochondria

ALPHA.-TOCOPHEROL, DL- (UNII: 7QWA1RIO01) (.ALPHA.-TOCOPHEROL, DL- - UNII:7QWA1RIO01). .ALPHA.-TOCOPHEROL, DL-. 30 [iU]. ... BETA.-CAROTENE (UNII: 01YAE03M7J) (.BETA.-CAROTENE - UNII:01YAE03M7J). .BETA.-CAROTENE. 2500 [iU]. ... ESCAVITE D- .beta.-carotene, ascorbic acid, cholecalciferol, .alpha.-tocopherol, dl-, thiamine hydrochloride, riboflavin, ... ESCAVITE D- .beta.-carotene, ascorbic acid, cholecalciferol, .alpha.-tocopherol, dl-, thiamine hydrochloride, riboflavin, ...

https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=8ddbb72f-bf98-4e6f-ac3e-4ebc3fc46cbf

ALPHA.-TOCOPHEROL ACETATE, DL- (UNII: WR1WPI7EW8) (.ALPHA.-TOCOPHEROL, DL- - UNII:7QWA1RIO01) .ALPHA.-TOCOPHEROL, DL-. 30 [iU] ... BETA CAROTENE (UNII: 01YAE03M7J) (BETA CAROTENE - UNII:01YAE03M7J) BETA CAROTENE. 600 [iU]. ... beta.-carotene, vitamin a acetate, ascorbic acid, cholecalciferol, .alpha.-tocopherol acetate, dl-, thiamine mononitrate, ... beta.-carotene, vitamin a acetate, ascorbic acid, cholecalciferol, .alpha.-tocopherol acetate, dl-, thiamine mononitrate, ...

https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=cb5c567a-8733-4004-832e-de8132b8da9e&audience=consumer

Increased Risk of Lung Cancer in Men with Tuberculosis in the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study. Meredith ... Increased Risk of Lung Cancer in Men with Tuberculosis in the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study ... Methods: Our study included 29,133 Finnish male smokers followed prospectively in the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer ... Increased Risk of Lung Cancer in Men with Tuberculosis in the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study ...

http://cebp.aacrjournals.org/content/20/4/672.abstract

Beta-Carotene (ATBC) Cancer Prevention Study (n = 29,133). During up to nine years of follow-up, 317 men developed incident ... The association between physical activity and prostate cancer was evaluated in the trial-based cohort of the Alpha-Tocopherol, ... Physical activity and prostate cancer in the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene (ATBC) Cancer Prevention Study (Finland) Cancer ... The association between physical activity and prostate cancer was evaluated in the trial-based cohort of the Alpha-Tocopherol, ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9486459/?dopt=Abstract

... beta is present in Blackberries, wild, raw natural (Alaska Native) in details, quantity how high or low Tocopherol, TCP, beta ... BETA-TOCOPHEROL (β-tocopherol) Beta-tocopherol is one of the tocopherol compounds that form vitamin E. It occurs naturally in ... Determine, under different quantities, how much of Tocopherol, TCP, beta nutrient can be found in Blackberries, wild, raw ... Amount of Tocopherol, TCP, beta in Blackberries, wild, raw natural (Alaska Native). Back to products complete Nutritional ...

https://www.traditionaloven.com/foods/specific-nutrient/american-native-food/blackberries-wild-raw-alaska-native/tocopherol-tcp-beta.html

... on symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were studied among the 29,133 participants of the Alpha-Tocopherol Beta- ... The effects of alpha-tocopherol (50 mg/d) and beta-carotene (20 mg/d) supplementation ... The effect of alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene supplementation on COPD symptoms Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1997 Nov;156(5): ... The effects of alpha-tocopherol (50 mg/d) and beta-carotene (20 mg/d) supplementation on symptoms of chronic obstructive ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9372659/?dopt=Abstract

SEATTLE The Alpha-Tocopherol Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC) ... Results from two separate sub-studies in ATBC presented ... SEATTLE The Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC) Study was initiated to test the effect of vitamin ...

http://news.bio-medicine.org/medicine-news-2/Study-in-male-smokers-continues-to-provide-clues-into-the-causes-and-prevention-of-multiple-cancers-2300-1/

... Rapola, Janne M ...

http://www.julkari.fi/handle/10024/78484

The Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study Looks at Prostate and Stomach Cancers. Tagged: *Alpha-carotene ... The Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study (ATBC) is one of the randomized double-blinded reports of a few ... The Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study Group. N Engl J Med 1994; 330:1029-35. ... The Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study Looks at Prostate and Stomach Cancers ...

http://encognitive.com/node/13032

... beta,-Tocopherol , , , ,,, , ... World Heritage Encyclopedia, the aggregation of the largest online encyclopedias available, ... beta-Tocopherol (β-tocopherol) is a type of tocopherol with formula C28H48O2. ...

http://www.worldebooklibrary.org/articles/eng/Beta-Tocopherol

beta»-Tocopherol, O-acetyl-. *Formula: C30H50O3. *Molecular weight: 458.7162 ...

https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/inchi/InChI%3D1S/C30H50O3/c1-21

beta»-Tocopherol, O-heptafluorobutyryl-. *Formula: C32H47F7O3 ...

https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/inchi/InChI%3D1S/C32H47F7O3/c1-20

D-Alpha-Tocopherol 1000IU/Q10 Astaxanthin Beadlet 10% CWS Astaxanthin Beadlet 10% TAB Beta-Carotene 96%-101% Beta-Carotene ...

http://www.sinogracechemical.com/sdp/1494470/4/pd/11433025-2734434/Human_Nutrition_Astaxanthin_Beadlet_Beta-Carotene.html

... b-tocopherol explanation free. What is b-tocopherol? Meaning of b-tocopherol medical term. What does b-tocopherol mean? ... Looking for online definition of b-tocopherol in the Medical Dictionary? ... beta-tocopherol. (redirected from b-tocopherol) β-to·coph·er·ol (β-T), (tō-kofĕr-ol), A lower homologue of α-tocopherol that ... a href=https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/b-tocopherol,beta-tocopherol,/a,. *Facebook ...

https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/b-tocopherol

Beta-tocopherol 0 g 0 Gamma-tocopherol 1.42E-15 g Delta-tocopherol 1.04E-15 g ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tayberry

The Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study. The Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC) Study ... The Alpha-Tocopherol Beta Carotene Cancer Prevention Group. The effect of vitamin E and beta carotene on the incidence of lung ... beta-carotene (20 mg/d) alone, α-tocopherol and beta-carotene, or placebo. Follow-up continued for 5 to 8 years (median, 6.1 ... The Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study. Pirjo Pietinen, Eric B. Rimm, Pasi Korhonen, Anne M. Hartman, ...

http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/94/11/2720.long

Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Gamma-Tocopherol. Methodology. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Reference Range(s). Alpha- ...

http://www.questdiagnostics.com/testcenter/TestDetail.action?ntc=931

Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol). 0.1 mg. 0.1 mg. 0.1 mg. Tocopherol, beta. 0.0 mg. 0.0 mg. 0.0 mg. ...

http://www.faqs.org/food-data/Corn_sweet_yellow_frozen73.html

Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol). 0.0 mg. 0.0 mg. 0.1 mg. Tocopherol, beta. 0.0 mg. 0.0 mg. 0.0 mg. ...

http://www.faqs.org/food-data/Peas_green_canned_regular_pack74.html

Tocopherol, beta. Nutrient Val: 0 mg. Additional Fortification: Tag Name: TOCPHB. Rounded to dec points: 2. Tocopherol, gamma. ... Cryptoxanthin, beta. Nutrient Val: 33 mcg. Additional Fortification: Tag Name: CRYPX. Rounded to dec points: 0. Vitamin A, IU. ... Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol). Nutrient Val: 0 mg. Additional Fortification: Tag Name: TOCPHA. Rounded to dec points: 2. ... Carotene, beta. Nutrient Val: 40 mcg. Additional Fortification: Tag Name: CARTB. Rounded to dec points: 0. Carotene, alpha. ...

https://www.bellaonline.com/nutrition/details/08507

Tocopherol, beta. Nutrient Val: 0 mg. Additional Fortification: Tag Name: TOCPHB. Rounded to dec points: 2. Tocopherol, gamma. ... Tocopherol, delta. Nutrient Val: 0 mg. Additional Fortification: Tag Name: TOCPHD. Rounded to dec points: 2. Vitamin D (D2 + D3 ... Cryptoxanthin, beta. Nutrient Val: 0 mcg. Additional Fortification: Tag Name: CRYPX. Rounded to dec points: 0. Vitamin A, IU. ... Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol). Nutrient Val: 1 mg. Additional Fortification: Tag Name: TOCPHA. Rounded to dec points: 2. Vitamin ...

https://www.bellaonline.com/nutrition/details/19155

Tocopherol, beta. Nutrient Val: 0 mg. Additional Fortification: Tag Name: TOCPHB. Rounded to dec points: 2. Tocopherol, gamma. ... Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol). Nutrient Val: 0 mg. Additional Fortification: Tag Name: TOCPHA. Rounded to dec points: 2. ... Tocopherol, delta. Nutrient Val: 0 mg. Additional Fortification: Tag Name: TOCPHD. Rounded to dec points: 2. Fatty acids, total ...

https://www.bellaonline.com/nutrition/details/36404

Tocopherols prevent oxidation, which destroy vitamins A and D. Choose natural vitamin E (d-alpha) supplements. ... alpha-tocopherols - the most common, prevalent and most potent form.. *beta-tocopherols ... Mixed Tocopherols. Solaray - Vitamin Dry E W/Mixed Tocopherols, 400 IU, 100 capsules. Dry Vitamin E-400 by Solaray - 100 ... delta-tocopherols.. Vitamin E is fat-soluble. Unlike other fat-soluble vitamins, tocopherols do not accumulate to toxic levels ...

https://wizzley.com/vitamin-e-antioxidant-supplements-tocopherols/

Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta Carotene Cancer Prevention Study Group. The effect of vitamin E and beta carotene on the incidence of ... Unlike plasma α-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol may not reflect dietary vitamin E intake due to the active excretion of γ-tocopherol. ... Reported effects of long-term freezer storage on concentrations of retinol, beta-carotene, and alpha-tocopherol in serum or ... Multivariate adjustment attenuated the associations for α-tocopherol, but the elevated risk for γ-tocopherol persisted (P for ...

http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/108/7/802

Aqua-E Water-Soluble Vitamin E with Tocopherols & Tocotrienols, 4 fl. (wizzley.com)
Each bottle of Life Extension Gamma E Tocopherol/Tocotrienols contains 60 sottgels. (bestpricenutrition.com)
Vitamin E exists in eight different forms that include four tocopherols and four tocotrienols. (mdpi.com)
Along with other nutrients,tocopherols and tocotrienols are concentrated in the bran layers of the rye grain, and are only present at low levels in the flour endosperm. (forresthealth.com)
In a human study that combined gamma tocopherol with sesame lignans , gammatocopherol/sesame was 25% more effective than gamma tocopherol/tocotrienols in suppressing tissue measurements for free radical and inflammatory damage.128 Since tocotrienols areconsidered nature's most potent antioxidants, the fact that low-cost gamma tocopherol with sesameis more effective is a remarkable finding. (forresthealth.com)
Vitamin E-Understanding Tocopherols and Tocotrienols and What They Mean to Your Health! (smart-publications.com)
There are two classes of components in Vitamin E: tocopherols and tocotrienols-each class with four distinct compounds (for your total of eight). (smart-publications.com)
NOW Vitamin E is a mixed Tocopherols: Vitamin E is actually made up of 8 components known as Tocopherols and Tocotrienols, referred to individually as Delta,Gamma, Beta, and Alpha. (illpumpyouup.com)
and alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta tocotrienols. (illpumpyouup.com)
Vitamin E is a group of eight fat soluble compounds that include four tocopherols and four tocotrienols. (wikipedia.org)
Both the tocopherols and tocotrienols occur in α (alpha), β (beta), γ (gamma) and δ (delta) forms, as determined by the number and position of methyl groups on the chromanol ring. (wikipedia.org)

Originally, this was a large, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 2x2 factorial primary prevention trial testing the effects of alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene supplementation on cancer incidence and mortality. (clinicaltrials.gov)
To analyze postintervention effects of alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene on cancer incidence and total and cause-specific mortality. (nih.gov)
The preventive effects of alpha-tocopherol on prostate cancer require confirmation in other trials. (nih.gov)
We tested the effects of alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene supplementation on the incidence of colorectal cancer in the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC) Study, a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial among 29,133 50-69-year-old male cigarette smokers. (unboundmedicine.com)
The effects of alpha-tocopherol (50 mg/d) and beta-carotene (20 mg/d) supplementation on symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were studied among the 29,133 participants of the Alpha-Tocopherol Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study undertaken to investigate the effects of these two substances in the prevention of lung and other cancers. (nih.gov)

The project is a passive follow-up of the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC) Study cohort. (clinicaltrials.gov)
The ATBC study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, primary prevention trial to determine whether daily supplementation with a-tocopherol, beta-carotene, or both would reduce the incidence of lung or other cancers among male smokers. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Participants were randomly assigned to receive either a-tocopherol as dl-a-tocopheryl acetate (50 mg/day), beta-carotene as all-trans-beta-carotene (20 mg/day), both supplements, or placebo capsules for 5-8 years (median 6.1 years) through April 30, 1993. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Incidence of cancer and mortality following alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene supplementation: a postintervention follow-up. (nih.gov)
In the Finnish Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC) Study, alpha-tocopherol supplementation decreased prostate cancer incidence, whereas beta-carotene increased the risk of lung cancer and total mortality. (nih.gov)
In the ATBC Study, 29 133 male smokers aged 50 to 69 years received alpha-tocopherol (50 mg), beta-carotene (20 mg), both agents, or placebo daily for 5 to 8 years. (nih.gov)
Overall posttrial relative risk (RR) for lung cancer incidence (n = 1037) was 1.06 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.94-1.20) among recipients of beta-carotene compared with nonrecipients. (nih.gov)
the RR was 1.01 (95% CI, 0.96-1.05) for alpha-tocopherol recipients vs nonrecipients and 1.07 (95% CI, 1.02-1.12) for beta-carotene recipients vs nonrecipients. (nih.gov)
Regarding duration of intervention effects and potential late effects, the excess risk for beta-carotene recipients was no longer evident 4 to 6 years after ending the intervention and was primarily due to cardiovascular diseases. (nih.gov)
The beneficial and adverse effects of supplemental alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene disappeared during postintervention follow-up. (nih.gov)
Smokers should avoid beta-carotene supplementation. (nih.gov)
Some epidemiological investigations suggest that higher intake or biochemical status of vitamin E and beta-carotene might be associated with reduced risk of colorectal cancer. (unboundmedicine.com)
Participants were randomly assigned to receive alpha-tocopherol (50 mg), beta-carotene (20 mg), both agents, or a placebo daily for 5-8 years. (unboundmedicine.com)
Our study found no evidence of a beneficial or harmful effect for beta-carotene in colorectal cancer in older male smokers, but does provide suggestive evidence that vitamin E supplementation may have had a modest preventive effect. (unboundmedicine.com)
Our study included 29,133 Finnish male smokers followed prospectively in the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study (1985-2005). (aacrjournals.org)
The association between physical activity and prostate cancer was evaluated in the trial-based cohort of the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene (ATBC) Cancer Prevention Study (n = 29,133). (nih.gov)
The prevalence of chronic bronchitis and dyspnea at baseline was lower among those with high dietary intake of beta-carotene (OR = 0.78 and 0.67, respectively) or vitamin E (OR = 0.87 and 0.77) and high serum beta-carotene (OR = 0.59 and 0.62) and alpha-tocopherol (OR = 0.76 and 0.82). (nih.gov)
The results indicate no benefit from supplementation with alpha-tocopherol or beta-carotene on the symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disorders but support the beneficial effect of dietary intake of fruits and vegetables rich in these compounds. (nih.gov)
SEATTLE The Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC) Study was initiated to test the effect of vitamin supplementation on the prevention of lung and other cancers. (bio-medicine.org)
The Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study (ATBC) is one of the randomized double-blinded reports of a few years ago finding synthetic beta-carotene in smokers led to an increased risk of lung cancer compared to placebo. (encognitive.com)
Taking the low-dose vitamin E with synthetic beta-carotene wiped out the apparent harmful effect of the synthetic beta-carotene. (encognitive.com)
These data seem to provide yet another nail in the coffin of synthetic beta-carotene. (encognitive.com)
Finally, studies using beta-carotene need to examine the effects of the natural product because, as previously reviewed in this column, data exist from both China and Israel suggesting that natural beta-carotene (containing some of the 9-cis isomer not present in the synthetic) may help protect even when the synthetic all-trans molecule fares no better or even worse than placebo. (encognitive.com)
When alcohol intake was considered, the damaging effects of synthetic beta-carotene were found only in drinkers. (encognitive.com)
In fact, men supplementing synthetic beta-carotene and not drinking any alcohol actually had a 32% decreased risk of prostate cancer, while the upper three tertiles of alcohol intake were associated with increases of 25%, 42%, and 40% respectively despite the fact that this apparently damaging interaction did not reach statistical significance. (encognitive.com)
An accompanying editorial reminds us that others have also found a link between synthetic beta-carotene supplementation, alcohol intake, and trouble. (encognitive.com)
5) With an average of 5.1 years of supplementation of the same doses of synthetic beta-carotene and alpha-tocopherol, those randomly assigned to vitamin E had the same risk of stomach cancer as those receiving placebo (RR = 0.98), and although it did not reach statistical significance, again the beta-carotene showed a small increase in risk (RR=1.13, 95% CI, 0.65-1.95). (encognitive.com)
1) The effect of vitamin E and beta carotene on the incidence of lung cancer and other cancers in male smokers. (encognitive.com)
The Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study Group. (encognitive.com)
Prostate cancer and supplementation with alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene: incidence and mortality in a controlled trial. (encognitive.com)
However, prospective data on blood levels of carotenoids other than β-carotene and vitamin E (tocopherol) and risk of MI are sparse. (ahajournals.org)
Samples from 531 physicians diagnosed with MI were analyzed together with samples from paired control subjects, matched for age and smoking, for 5 major carotenoids (α- and β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein, and lycopene), retinol, and α- and γ-tocopherol. (ahajournals.org)
We prospectively examined the associations between plasma levels of 5 major carotenoids (α- and β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein, and lycopene), retinol, and tocopherols with myocardial infarction (MI) in a low-risk population of male physicians. (ahajournals.org)
In a large study of male smokers 50 to 69 years old, prostate cancer incidence was significantly lower in those who took supplementary vitamin E (50 mg/day for five to eight years) than in those who took beta-carotene or placebo. (chiro.org)
Methods and Results The Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with daily supplementation of α-tocopherol and/or beta-carotene. (ahajournals.org)
With an adjustment for known cardiovascular risk factors, intake of saturated fatty acids, beta-carotene, vitamin C, and vitamin E did not materially change the result. (ahajournals.org)
16 The main results indicated no reduction in lung cancer incidence after 5 to 8 years of supplementation with either α-tocopherol or beta-carotene. (ahajournals.org)
Although a previous clinical trial using α-tocopherol and β-carotene showed that fewer cases of prostate cancer were diagnosed among those who received α-tocopherol than among those who did not [ 8 ], the results of a large-scale human trial using α-tocopherol and selenium failed to show a preventive effect on prostate cancer [ 9 ]. (mdpi.com)
Harri Hemila analyzed data from the Alpha-Tocopherol , Beta-Carotene (ATBC) Cancer Prevention Study conducted in Finland from 1985-1993. (thefreedictionary.com)
In summer, before rushing to the beach to get a golden bronze, you can eat carrots for the purpose of protecting the skin, because Beta - carotene blocks a lot of ultraviolet radiation coming from free radicals, and it also enhance the process of getting a nice tan. (hubpages.com)
During the Second World War, he used to grow carrots with a rich content of beta carotene, a substance that gives it an orange color, and which is believed to help improve the overnight vision. (hubpages.com)
Epidemiologic evidence indicates that diets high in carotenoid-rich fruits and vegetables, as well as high serum levels of vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) and beta carotene, are associated with a reduced risk of lung cancer. (nih.gov)
A total of 29,133 male smokers 50 to 69 years of age from southwestern Finland were randomly assigned to one of four regimens: alpha-tocopherol (50 mg per day) alone, beta carotene (20 mg per day) alone, both alpha-tocopherol and beta carotene, or placebo. (nih.gov)
We found no evidence of an interaction between alpha-tocopherol and beta carotene with respect to the incidence of lung cancer. (nih.gov)
Beta carotene had little or no effect on the incidence of cancer other than lung cancer. (nih.gov)
Total mortality was 8 percent higher (95 percent confidence interval, 1 to 16 percent) among the participants who received beta carotene than among those who did not, primarily because there were more deaths from lung cancer and ischemic heart disease. (nih.gov)
We found no reduction in the incidence of lung cancer among male smokers after five to eight years of dietary supplementation with alpha-tocopherol or beta carotene. (nih.gov)
Beta carotene, vitamin E, and lung cancer. (nih.gov)
alpha-carotene (α-carotene) and beta-carotene (β-carotene). (wikipedia.org)
Although the relationship between oxidative stress and chronic disease continues to be affirmed, direct-acting antioxidants such as vitamins A, C, and E, beta-carotene, and others have not yielded the expected preventive or therapeutic responses, even though several large meta-analyses have sought to evaluate the potential benefit of such supplements. (hindawi.com)
Sufficient amounts can also be derived from provitamin A carotenoids, like beta-carotene, which are found in vegetables. (healthline.com)
Does beta carotene fight cancer? (healthtap.com)
Studies using beta carotene to prevent lung cancer in high-risk patients have been unsuccessful. (healthtap.com)
Any side effects to beta carotene v tocopherol? (healthtap.com)
personally, I take 12mgs Astaxanthin AM (I use the Nutrex brand), and then I take 25,000 IU natural form beta carotene in the PM. (dr-bob.org)
Green and yellow-orange fruits and vegetables also contain high amounts of vitamin A, as Beta-Carotene. (novelguide.com)
Lieberman 58) Dose: Take 50,000 to 100,000 IU daily of which at least half is as beta-carotene. (novelguide.com)
Within that category, we might think first about beta-carotene. (whfoods.com)
Beta-carotene, lycopene, and alpha-tocopherol contents of selected Thai fruits. (whfoods.com)
Carotenes are found in plants in two primary forms designated by characters from the Greek alphabet: alpha-carotene (α-carotene) and beta-carotene (β-carotene). (wikipedia.org)

Vitamin E (alpha tocopherol) is a fat-soluble antioxidant that may help minimize the effects of free-radicals. (vitaminusa.com)
In an informal survey I conducted among acquaintances, adults could tell me that alpha-tocopherol is vitamin E and that it is an antioxidant. (chiro.org)
Healthy Origins Natural Vitamin E with 100% Natural Mixed Tocopherols is a major antioxidant that supports cardiovascular health. (vitadigest.com)
The function of alpha tocopherol is as a fat-soluble antioxidant, which breaks the chain of oxidation reactions which are propagating down a cell membrane or plasma protein by means of newly produced free radicals. (news-medical.net)
Gamma E-Gems Gamma Tocopherol from Carlson Labs supplies 430mg of potent Gamma tocopherol with the other 3 tocopherols (Vitamin E) for balanced, natural antioxidant support. (naturalhealthyconcepts.com)
All other carotenoids, including lycopene , have no beta-ring and thus no vitamin A activity (although they may have antioxidant activity and thus biological activity in other ways). (wikipedia.org)

delta-tocopherols. (wizzley.com)

The tocopherol and tocotrienol subfamilies are each composed of alpha, beta,gamma, and delta fractions having unique biological effects. (forresthealth.com)

In fact, studies show thecombination of alpha- and gamma-tocopherol supplementation appears to be superior to either supplementation alone on biomarkers of oxidative stress and on inflammatory factors. (forresthealth.com)
The reason is alpha-tocopherol is the most easily isolated and synthesized of the eight constituents of Vitamin E-and by far the most commonly used form in supplementation. (smart-publications.com)

Tocopherols act as powerful antioxidants that can help protect the body and also protect fragile oils and lipids from oxidation. (fromnaturewithlove.com)

Found in a mixture of tocopherols that work together to neutralize free radicals, vitamin E (d-alpha tocopherol) is essential for cardiovascular health. (wizzley.com)
In the present study, we determined the effects of a γ-tocopherol-rich mixture of tocopherols (γ-TmT) on the growth and apoptosis of cultured human prostate cancer LNCaP cells. (mdpi.com)

Beta-tocopherol is one of the tocopherol compounds that form vitamin E. It occurs naturally in the foods. (traditionaloven.com)
A class of structurally related, fat-soluble compounds, known collectively as tocopherols, are the most potent and well-known forms of vitamin E. Alpha-tocopherol (alpha-T) and gamma-tocopherol (gamma-T) are the two most common tocopherols in food. (chiro.org)
Tocopherols are plant-derived polyphenolic compounds. (mdpi.com)
Unfortunately, most of the attention Vitamin E has received is focused on just one of these compounds-alpha-tocopherol. (smart-publications.com)
Research indicates that d-alpha-tocopherol, the most common version of Vitamin E, in fact has the highest bioavailability of any of the 8 compounds. (illpumpyouup.com)

Phylloquinone (vitamin K1), menaquinone (vitamin K2), and tocopherol (vitamin E) are fat-soluble vitamins. (genome.jp)

This causes the inactivation of the peroxyl radicals, while alpha-tocopherol itself becomes oxidized and loses its anti-oxidant activity. (news-medical.net)
Our Vitamin E Mixed Tocopherols 50% is a natural, heat stable anti-oxidant extracted from Non-GMO soybean oil. (fromnaturewithlove.com)
Vitamin E Mixed Tocopherols 50% is suitable as a natural anti-oxidant or active ingredient in any natural formulation that contains fragile oils and lipids. (fromnaturewithlove.com)
Vitamin E Mixed Tocopherols 50% is an anti-oxidant that reduces the rate of oxidation and helps to prolong the shelf life of natural products. (fromnaturewithlove.com)
While all the tocopherols have anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, the gamma form may have more potent actions. (naturalhealthyconcepts.com)

Determination of alpha-tocopherol in tissues and plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography. (thefreedictionary.com)

Vitamin E supplements may be found in synthetic or natural forms, the latter of which tends to be labeled with a "d," such as in d-gamma-tocopherol. (naturalremedies.org)
The synthetic forms, on the other hand, tend to be labeled with "dl," such as in dl-alpha-tocopherol. (naturalremedies.org)
Natural and synthetic alpha tocopherol are different in their composition. (news-medical.net)
8) Most topical formulations contain synthetic laboratory-made alpha-tocopherol or one of its many esters or ethers. (thefreedictionary.com)
Alpha-tocopherol can come from either natural vitamin E (called, somewhat incorrectly, d-alpha-tocopherol) or synthetic vitamin E (called, also somewhat incorrectly, dl-alpha-tocopherol). (epnet.com)
However, much of the alpha-tocopherol in synthetic vitamin E is inactive. (epnet.com)
one IU synthetic vitamin E equals 0.45 mg alpha-tocopherol. (epnet.com)
This would correspond to about 50 mg to 800 mg of synthetic vitamin E (dl-alpha-tocopherol), or 25 mg to 400 mg of natural vitamin E (d-alpha- or mixed tocopherols). (epnet.com)
However, some manufacturers use this term to mean the synthetic dl-alpha-tocopherol, so you need to read the contents closely. (epnet.com)
Both natural and synthetic tocopherols are subject to oxidation, and so in dietary supplements are esterified, creating tocopheryl acetate for stability purposes. (wikipedia.org)
Alpha-tocopherol, either naturally extracted from plant oils or, most commonly, as the synthetic tocopheryl acetate, is sold as a popular dietary supplement, either by itself or incorporated into a multivitamin product, and in oils or lotions for use on skin. (wikipedia.org)

This high quality Deva Vegan Vitamin E supplement offers 400IU natural Vitamin E with mixed tocopherols. (shopvegan.co.uk)

Alpha-tocopherol esters in supplements are chiefly succinate and acetate, and these are converted to alpha-tocopherol in the intestine before absorption. (news-medical.net)
Esters of tocopherol are more stable, with tocopherol acetate accounting for the most common, naturally occurring form. (drugs.com)

alpha-tocopherols - the most common, prevalent and most potent form. (wizzley.com)

Alpha-tocopherol beta-oxidation localized to rat liver mitochondria. (oregonstate.edu)
The proposed pathway of alpha-tocopherol metabolism proceeds via omega-hydroxylation to 13'-OH-alpha-tocopherol, followed by successive rounds of beta-oxidation to form alpha-CEHC. (oregonstate.edu)
To test the hypothesis that alpha-tocopherol omega-hydroxylation occurs in microsomes while beta-oxidation occurs in peroxisomes, rats received daily injections of vehicle, 10 mg alpha-tocopherol, or 10 mg trolox/100 g body wt for 3 days, and then microsomes, mitochondria, and peroxisomes were isolated from liver homogenates. (oregonstate.edu)
Tocopherols prevent oxidation, which destroy vitamins A and D. Choose natural vitamin E (d-alpha) supplements. (wizzley.com)
The tocopherols prevent oxidation, which cause fats to turn rancid and destroys vitamins A and D. (wizzley.com)
Stocker, "Cosupplementation with coenzyme Q prevents the prooxidant effect of alpha-tocopherol and increases the resistance of LDL to transition metal-dependent oxidation initiation," Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, vol. (thefreedictionary.com)
Importance of beta oxidation? (healthtap.com)
To generate energy, your body has 3 systems it uses - stored atp (for intense, short duration exercise ), glycolysis (which uses stored glycogen in your muscles), and beta oxidation, which is used for long duration, sustained exercise. (healthtap.com)

For prostate cancer incidence (n = 672), the RR was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.76-1.03) for participants receiving alpha-tocopherol compared with nonrecipients. (nih.gov)
Approximately 40% of Americans take dietary supplements, including vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol). (oregonstate.edu)
Unlike other fat-soluble vitamins, alpha-tocopherol is not accumulated to toxic levels. (oregonstate.edu)
To date, in vivo subcellular location(s) of alpha-tocopherol metabolism have not been identified. (oregonstate.edu)
Homogenate alpha-tocopherol levels increased 16-fold in alpha-tocopherol-injected rats, while remaining unchanged in trolox- or vehicle-injected rats. (oregonstate.edu)
Total alpha-tocopherol recovered in the three subcellular fractions represented 93+/-4% of homogenate alpha-tocopherol levels. (oregonstate.edu)
In alpha-tocopherol-injected rats, microsome alpha-tocopherol levels increased 28-fold, while mitochondria and peroxisome levels increased 8- and 3-fold, respectively, indicating greater partitioning of alpha-tocopherol to the microsomes with increasing liver alpha-tocopherol. (oregonstate.edu)
In alpha-tocopherol-injected rats, microsome 13'-OH-alpha-tocopherol levels increased 24-fold compared to controls, and were 7-fold greater than 13'-OH-alpha-tocopherol levels in peroxisome and mitochondrial fractions of alpha-tocopherol-injected rats. (oregonstate.edu)
An unexpected finding was that alpha-CEHC, the end product of alpha-tocopherol metabolism, was found almost exclusively in mitochondria. (oregonstate.edu)
These data are the first to indicate a mitochondrial role in alpha-tocopherol metabolism. (oregonstate.edu)
SEATTLE The Alpha-Tocopherol Beta-Car. (bio-medicine.org)
Those randomized to low-dose vitamin E (d-alpha tocopherol) alone showed a 36% decreased incidence (95% CI = -56% to -6%) and 41% decreased mortality (95% CI = -65% to -1%) for prostate cancer. (encognitive.com)
The most active form of vitamin E found in humans is the alpha-tocopherol, and it is for this reason that when daily allowance and dosing recommendations they are made, they are usually made in Alpha-Tocopherol Equivalents, or ATE. (naturalremedies.org)
Gamma Tocopherol is one of four tocopherols (alpha, beta, gamma, and delta) in the vitamin E family. (bestpricenutrition.com)
Natural vitamin E includes four tocopherols, called alpha, beta, gamma and delta tocopherol respectively. (news-medical.net)
The form used in the human body is alpha tocopherol, and this form is necessary to treat vitamin E deficiency. (news-medical.net)
Only this form is bound by the liver transport protein called alpha-tocopherol transport protein, which carries it to the site where it is incorporated into lipoproteins and carried to other parts of the body. (news-medical.net)
This chain is broken by alpha-tocopherol which is a thousand times more susceptible to reaction with the peroxyl radicals than unsaturated fatty acids. (news-medical.net)
Vitamin C can regenerate the activity of alpha-tocopherol after it is oxidized. (news-medical.net)
This action of alpha-tocopherol is essential to the protection of the lipid bilayer of all cell membranes, as well as enzymes and membrane proteins. (news-medical.net)
However, only four of them have the methyl ring at position 2, meaning that chemically synthesized alpha-tocopherol has 50% the biological activity of the natural form. (news-medical.net)
Tocopherols are found in almost all plant seeds, the best sources of alpha-tocopherol include plant seeds such as almonds, sunflower seeds and hazelnuts. (news-medical.net)
Gamma-tocopherol is the most common isomer of tocopherol found in the American diet, but its absorption and use appear to be significantly less, and its active excretion and metabolism higher, than for alpha-tocopherol. (news-medical.net)
Sources of natural alpha-tocopherol in the diet. (news-medical.net)
High doses of alpha tocopherol (2000 IU/day) may cause bleeding manifestations in individuals on anticoagulants by interfering with the vitamin K- mediated coagulation cascade. (news-medical.net)
Vitamin E Oil typically contains higher levels of alpha tocopherol. (fromnaturewithlove.com)
Natural sources with the highest amounts of alpha-tocopherol include wheat germ, nuts and seeds (particularly sunflower seeds and almonds), and vegetable oils, such as wheat germ and sunflower oils. (thefreedictionary.com)
According to a standard assay (the rat fetal resorption assay), alpha-tocopherol has the highest biological activity of the four tocopherols, and it is the only form of vitamin E that is officially recognized as being capable of meeting human requirements. (thefreedictionary.com)
The other form of Vitamin E, alpha-tocopherol , which is found in olive and sunflower oils, does the opposite. (thefreedictionary.com)
Effect of dietary levels of vitamin E (all-rac-tocopheryl acetate) with or without added fat on weanling pig performance and tissue alpha-tocopherol concentration. (thefreedictionary.com)
Indeed the few studies, which have reported on the tocopherol concentration in adzuki beans all reported negligible concentrations of alpha-tocopherol and beta-tocopherol (Yoshida et al. (thefreedictionary.com)
According to a University of California study , alpha tocopherol (regular vitamin E) displaces critically important gamma tocopherol in the body. (forresthealth.com)
While alpha tocopherol inhibits free radical production,gamma tocopherol is required to trap and neutralize existing free radicals. (forresthealth.com)
They instead rely on alpha tocopherol as the primary ingredient. (forresthealth.com)
However, it is gamma tocopherol (not the alpha form) that quenches peroxynitrite , the free radical that plays a major role in the development of age-related decline . (forresthealth.com)
Gamma E-Gems Gamma Tocopherol from Carlson Labs is a Vitamin E supplement containing natural Gamma Tocopherol with d-Alpha Tocopherol, Delta & Beta Tocopherol. (naturalhealthyconcepts.com)
Fewer cases of prostate cancer were diagnosed among those who received alpha-tocopherol than among those who did not. (nih.gov)
Alpha-tocopherol had no apparent effect on total mortality, although more deaths from hemorrhagic stroke were observed among the men who received this supplement than among those who did not. (nih.gov)
Mixed tocopherols (d-alpha tocopherol plus beta, delta and gamma tocopherols). (wonderlabs.com)
But for this discussion, we'll focus primarily on two of them: alpha-tocopherol and gamma-tocopherol. (smart-publications.com)
Newer vitamin E recommendations are in milligrams of alpha-tocopherol. (epnet.com)
Its most common form in a Western diet is alpha-tocopherol. (drugs.com)
There are a total of four different tocopherols present in this formulation (D-alpha, D-beta, D-gamma and D-delta) compared to many other formulations which contain only d-alpha. (shopvegan.co.uk)
Vitamin E 200 IU is a high potency, naturally sourced Vitamin E in the form of d-alpha tocopherol with naturally occurring beta-, delta- and gamma-tocopherols. (iherb.com)
This formulation provides a natural source of Vitamin E (as d--Alpha Tocopherol plus d-Gamma, d-Delta and d-Beta). (solgar.com)
As of 2016, consumption was below recommendations according to a worldwide summary of more than one hundred studies that reported a median dietary intake of 6.2 mg per day for alpha-tocopherol. (wikipedia.org)
Research with alpha-tocopherol as a dietary supplement, with daily amounts as high as 2000 mg per day, has had mixed results. (wikipedia.org)
Of the many different forms of vitamin E, gamma-tocopherol (γ-tocopherol) is the most common form found in the North American diet, but alpha-tocopherol (α-tocopherol) is the most biologically active. (wikipedia.org)
Vitamin E deficiency is rare in humans, occurring as a consequence of abnormalities in dietary fat absorption or metabolism rather than from a diet low in vitamin E. One example of a genetic abnormality in metabolism is mutations of genes coding for alpha-tocopherol transfer protein (α-TTP). (wikipedia.org)

By application, the report segments the global mixed tocopherols market into dietary supplements, pharmaceutical, animal feed, and others. (transparencymarketresearch.com)
Despite a steady rise in the application of mixed tocopherols in pharmaceutical products and dietary supplements, animal feed is likely to remain the leading application segment of the global mixed tocopherols market in the coming years. (transparencymarketresearch.com)
One of the key drivers for the global mixed tocopherols market is the increasing demand for dietary supplements, driven by the rising health awareness of consumers. (transparencymarketresearch.com)
The vitamin E activity of tocopherols has thus led to a steadily growing demand for supplements, which are becoming a popular mode of dietary intake of nutrients in times when many consumers don't have the time to prepare nutritious and elaborate meals. (transparencymarketresearch.com)
Most commercial vitamin E supplements contain little, if any, gamma tocopherol . (forresthealth.com)

Unlike other fat-soluble vitamins, tocopherols do not accumulate to toxic levels in the body. (wizzley.com)

Apart from their dietary use, mixed tocopherol products are also being used in an increasing number of cosmetic products due to their vitamin E activity," said TMR's lead analyst. (transparencymarketresearch.com)
In addition, dietary administration of γ-TmT increased the levels of α-, γ- and δ- tocopherol in plasma, and increased levels of γ- and δ- tocopherol were also observed in the prostate and in tumors. (mdpi.com)

Several epidemiological studies have shown that a lower vitamin E nutritional status is associated with increased risk of certain types of cancers [ 3 - 7 ], but the results from epidemiological studies on the protective role of tocopherols against prostate cancer are inconsistent [ 3 ]. (mdpi.com)
for example, preliminary evidence hints that gamma-tocopherol may be the most important (or, perhaps, the only) form of vitamin E for preventing prostate cancer. (epnet.com)

Conclusions- These prospective data do not support an overall protective relation between plasma carotenoids or tocopherols and future MI risk among men without a history of prior cardiovascular disease. (ahajournals.org)
Animal species differ greatly in their ability to convert retinyl (beta- ionone ) containing carotenoids to retinals. (wikipedia.org)

Intake of vitamin E (tocopherol) has been associated with lower risk of CHD in observational studies of healthy individuals. (ahajournals.org)

This is partly due to the higher prevalence of gamma tocopherol in corn and soybean, which are more commonly used for commercial production of tocopherols than other sources. (transparencymarketresearch.com)
The low availability of soybean oil distillate is a key constraint on the global mixed tocopherols industry, as soybean is a key feedstock used in the production of mixed tocopherol products. (transparencymarketresearch.com)
The high manufacturing costs of mixed tocopherol products, which can be attributed to the complexity of the processes required to process soybean, are another important restraint on the market. (transparencymarketresearch.com)

Among them, α-tocopherol is the predominant form of vitamin E in plasma and tissues and is the form that has drawn the most attention. (mdpi.com)
Tocopherols are the primary form of vitamin E in the leaves of all plants, and the seeds of dicots. (news-medical.net)
The most active and available form of vitamin E is α-tocopherol. (aafp.org)

Prestigious scientific journals have highlighted gamma tocopherol as one of the most critically important forms of vitamin E for those seeking optimal health benefits. (forresthealth.com)
There are other forms of vitamin E as well, such as beta-, delta-, and gamma-tocopherols, all of which occur in food. (epnet.com)

This supplement contains only natural tocopherols. (naturalhealthyconcepts.com)
If you wish to purchase natural vitamin E, look for a label that says "mixed tocopherols. (epnet.com)
Now Foods Vitamin E is contains 100% natural mixed tocopherols also particularly important in protecting the body's cells from free radical and oxidative damage. (illpumpyouup.com)
Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database (La Base Exhaustiva de Datos de Medicamentos Naturales) clasifica la eficacia, basada en evidencia científica, de acuerdo a la siguiente escala: Eficaz, Probablemente Eficaz, Posiblemente Eficaz, Posiblemente Ineficaz, Probablemente Ineficaz, Ineficaz, e Insuficiente Evidencia para Hacer una Determinación. (medlineplus.gov)

Life Extension has fortified the popular Gamma E Tocopherol supplement with standardized sesame lignans . (forresthealth.com)

For each gram of soluble fiber (beta-glucan) consumed, total cholesterol decreases by about 1.42 mg/dL and LDL by about 1.23 mg/dL. (medlineplus.gov)

In the in vitro study, we found that the activity of γ-TmT was stronger than α-tocopherol for inhibiting the growth and stimulating apoptosis in LNCaP cells. (mdpi.com)
Studies verify that the higher concentration of gamma tocopherol found in T-80 Vitamin E is far superior to traditional Vitamin E Oils for protecting oils and lipids contained within cosmetic formulations from rancidity. (fromnaturewithlove.com)
Gamma tocopherol is one of four tocopherols found in the Vitamin E complex. (naturalhealthyconcepts.com)

Tocopherols have been used to improve eye function, cardiovascular health and to neutralise the damaging free radicals in our body. (shopvegan.co.uk)

Our Vitamin E Mixed Tocopherols 50% possesses a higher concentration of beta, gamma and delta tocopherol than does traditional Vitamin E Oil. (fromnaturewithlove.com)

Organisms3

Diseases6

Chemicals and Drugs12

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment7

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes6

Technology, Industry, Agriculture9

Named Groups1

Health Care3

Geographicals2

Isolation and characterization of homogentisate phytyltransferase genes from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and Arabidopsis. (1/7)

Characterization of gamma-tocopherol methyltransferases from Capsicum annuum L and Arabidopsis thaliana. (2/7)

The cytotoxicity of vitamin E is both vitamer- and cell-specific and involves a selectable trait. (3/7)

Dietary alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-tocopherols in lung cancer risk. (4/7)

Dietary beta-tocopherol and linoleic acid, serum insulin, and waist circumference predict circulating sex hormone-binding globulin in premenopausal women. (5/7)

Replacement of alpha-tocopherol by beta-tocopherol enhances resistance to photooxidative stress in a xanthophyll-deficient strain of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. (6/7)

Implications for degenerative disorders: antioxidative activity, total phenols, flavonoids, ascorbic acid, beta-carotene and beta-tocopherol in Aloe vera. (7/7)

Tocopherols

gamma-Tocopherol

Vitamin E

Tocotrienols

alpha-Tocopherol

Vitamin E Deficiency

Carotenoids

beta-Tocopherol

Interleukin-1beta

4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate Dioxygenase

Intramolecular Transferases

Antioxidants

Vitamin A

beta 2-Microglobulin

beta Carotene

Receptors, Adrenergic, beta

Theilovirus

Abetalipoproteinemia

NAV1.4 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel

Chromans

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid

Xanthophylls

Plant Oils

Sesamum

Transforming Growth Factor beta

Homogentisic Acid

Lutein

Lettuce

Ascorbic Acid

Integrin alpha5beta1

Integrin beta4

Alkyl and Aryl Transferases

Brassica rapa

Integrin alpha6beta4

Integrin beta Chains

beta 2-Glycoprotein I

Dietary Supplements

F2-Isoprostanes

Pyrogallol

Integrin alpha4beta1

Integrin alpha2beta1

Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2

Seeds

Dimethylallyltranstransferase

Cells, Cultured

Vitamins

Phytol

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug

Erythrocytes

Biotransformation

Integrins

Interleukin-1

Antigens, CD29

Integrin alpha6beta1

Keratin-17

RNA, Messenger

Advanced Cardiac Life Support

Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1

Kinetics

Hexanes

Integrin alpha1beta1

Oxidation-Reduction

Oxidative Stress

Isolation and characterization of homogentisate phytyltransferase genes from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and Arabidopsis. (1/7)

Characterization of gamma-tocopherol methyltransferases from Capsicum annuum L and Arabidopsis thaliana. (2/7)

The cytotoxicity of vitamin E is both vitamer- and cell-specific and involves a selectable trait. (3/7)

Dietary alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-tocopherols in lung cancer risk. (4/7)

Dietary beta-tocopherol and linoleic acid, serum insulin, and waist circumference predict circulating sex hormone-binding globulin in premenopausal women. (5/7)

Replacement of alpha-tocopherol by beta-tocopherol enhances resistance to photooxidative stress in a xanthophyll-deficient strain of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. (6/7)

Implications for degenerative disorders: antioxidative activity, total phenols, flavonoids, ascorbic acid, beta-carotene and beta-tocopherol in Aloe vera. (7/7)

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