Beta tocopherol. Medical search

A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain substitutions on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus and a long hydrocarbon chain of isoprenoid units. They are antioxidants by virtue of the phenolic hydrogen. Tocopherols react with the most reactive form of oxygen and protect unsaturated fatty acids from oxidation.

A natural tocopherol with less antioxidant activity than ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL. It exhibits antioxidant activity by virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus. As in BETA-TOCOPHEROL, it also has three methyl groups on the 6-chromanol nucleus but at different sites.

A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.

Natural analogs of TOCOPHEROLS exhibiting antioxidant activity. These tocol derivatives and isomers contain a benzopyran ring and an unsaturated isoprenoid side chain.

A natural tocopherol and one of the most potent antioxidant tocopherols. It exhibits antioxidant activity by virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus. It has four methyl groups on the 6-chromanol nucleus. The natural d form of alpha-tocopherol is more active than its synthetic dl-alpha-tocopherol racemic mixture.

A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN E in the diet, characterized by posterior column and spinocerebellar tract abnormalities, areflexia, ophthalmoplegia, and disturbances of gait, proprioception, and vibration. In premature infants vitamin E deficiency is associated with hemolytic anemia, thrombocytosis, edema, intraventricular hemorrhage, and increasing risk of retrolental fibroplasia and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. An apparent inborn error of vitamin E metabolism, named familial isolated vitamin E deficiency, has recently been identified. (Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1181)

The general name for a group of fat-soluble pigments found in green, yellow, and leafy vegetables, and yellow fruits. They are aliphatic hydrocarbons consisting of a polyisoprene backbone.

A natural tocopherol with less antioxidant activity than alpha-tocopherol. It exhibits antioxidant activity by virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus. As in GAMMA-TOCOPHEROL, it also has three methyl groups on the 6-chromanol nucleus but at different sites.

An interleukin-1 subtype that is synthesized as an inactive membrane-bound pro-protein. Proteolytic processing of the precursor form by CASPASE 1 results in release of the active form of interleukin-1beta from the membrane.

An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate plus oxygen to homogentisic acid and carbon dioxide. EC 1.13.11.27.

Enzymes of the isomerase class that catalyze the transfer of acyl-, phospho-, amino- or other groups from one position within a molecule to another. EC 5.4.

Naturally occurring or synthetic substances that inhibit or retard the oxidation of a substance to which it is added. They counteract the harmful and damaging effects of oxidation in animal tissues.

Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.

An 11-kDa protein associated with the outer membrane of many cells including lymphocytes. It is the small subunit of the MHC class I molecule. Association with beta 2-microglobulin is generally required for the transport of class I heavy chains from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cell surface. Beta 2-microglobulin is present in small amounts in serum, csf, and urine of normal people, and to a much greater degree in the urine and plasma of patients with tubular proteinemia, renal failure, or kidney transplants.

A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. It is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC). (From Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Engewood, CO, 1995.)

One of two major pharmacologically defined classes of adrenergic receptors. The beta adrenergic receptors play an important role in regulating CARDIAC MUSCLE contraction, SMOOTH MUSCLE relaxation, and GLYCOGENOLYSIS.

An integrin beta subunit of approximately 85-kDa in size which has been found in INTEGRIN ALPHAIIB-containing and INTEGRIN ALPHAV-containing heterodimers. Integrin beta3 occurs as three alternatively spliced isoforms, designated beta3A-C.

An autosomal recessive disorder of lipid metabolism. It is caused by mutation of the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein that catalyzes the transport of lipids (TRIGLYCERIDES; CHOLESTEROL ESTERS; PHOSPHOLIPIDS) and is required in the secretion of BETA-LIPOPROTEINS (low density lipoproteins or LDL). Features include defective intestinal lipid absorption, very low serum cholesterol level, and near absent LDL.

Polyunsaturated side-chain quinone derivative which is an important link in the electron transport chain of green plants during the photosynthetic conversion of light energy by photophosphorylation into the potential energy of chemical bonds.

Benzopyrans saturated in the 2 and 3 positions.

Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.

Oxygenated forms of carotenoids. They are usually derived from alpha and beta carotene.

Oils derived from plants or plant products.

A plant genus of the family PEDALIACEAE that is the source of the edible seed and SESAME OIL.

A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.

A xanthophyll found in the major LIGHT-HARVESTING PROTEIN COMPLEXES of plants. Dietary lutein accumulates in the MACULA LUTEA.

Any of the various plants of the genus Lactuca, especially L. sativa, cultivated for its edible leaves. (From American Heritage Dictionary, 2d ed)

A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.

An integrin found in FIBROBLASTS; PLATELETS; MONOCYTES, and LYMPHOCYTES. Integrin alpha5beta1 is the classical receptor for FIBRONECTIN, but it also functions as a receptor for LAMININ and several other EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX PROTEINS.

Also known as CD104 antigen, this protein is distinguished from other beta integrins by its relatively long cytoplasmic domain (approximately 1000 amino acids vs. approximately 50). Five alternatively spliced isoforms have been described.

A somewhat heterogeneous class of enzymes that catalyze the transfer of alkyl or related groups (excluding methyl groups). EC 2.5.

A plant species cultivated for the seed used as animal feed and as a source of canola cooking oil.

This intrgrin is a key component of HEMIDESMOSOMES and is required for their formation and maintenance in epithelial cells. Integrin alpha6beta4 is also found on thymocytes, fibroblasts, and Schwann cells, where it functions as a laminin receptor (RECEPTORS, LAMININ) and is involved in wound healing, cell migration, and tumor invasiveness.

Integrin beta chains combine with integrin alpha chains to form heterodimeric cell surface receptors. Integrins have traditionally been classified into functional groups based on the identity of one of three beta chains present in the heterodimer. The beta chain is necessary and sufficient for integrin-dependent signaling. Its short cytoplasmic tail contains sequences critical for inside-out signaling.

A 44-kDa highly glycosylated plasma protein that binds phospholipids including CARDIOLIPIN; APOLIPOPROTEIN E RECEPTOR; membrane phospholipids, and other anionic phospholipid-containing moieties. It plays a role in coagulation and apoptotic processes. Formerly known as apolipoprotein H, it is an autoantigen in patients with ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID ANTIBODIES.

Products in capsule, tablet or liquid form that provide dietary ingredients, and that are intended to be taken by mouth to increase the intake of nutrients. Dietary supplements can include macronutrients, such as proteins, carbohydrates, and fats; and/or MICRONUTRIENTS, such as VITAMINS; MINERALS; and PHYTOCHEMICALS.

Isoprostanes derived from the free radical oxidation of ARACHIDONIC ACID. Although similar in structure to enzymatically synthesized prostaglandin F2alpha (DINOPROST), they occur through non-enzymatic oxidation of cell membrane lipids.

A trihydroxybenzene or dihydroxy phenol that can be prepared by heating GALLIC ACID.

Integrin alpha4beta1 is a FIBRONECTIN and VCAM-1 receptor present on LYMPHOCYTES; MONOCYTES; EOSINOPHILS; NK CELLS and thymocytes. It is involved in both cell-cell and cell- EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX adhesion and plays a role in INFLAMMATION, hematopoietic cell homing and immune function, and has been implicated in skeletal MYOGENESIS; NEURAL CREST migration and proliferation, lymphocyte maturation and morphogenesis of the PLACENTA and HEART.

An integrin found on fibroblasts, platelets, endothelial and epithelial cells, and lymphocytes where it functions as a receptor for COLLAGEN and LAMININ. Although originally referred to as the collagen receptor, it is one of several receptors for collagen. Ligand binding to integrin alpha2beta1 triggers a cascade of intracellular signaling, including activation of p38 MAP kinase.

A subclass of beta-adrenergic receptors (RECEPTORS, ADRENERGIC, BETA). The adrenergic beta-2 receptors are more sensitive to EPINEPHRINE than to NOREPINEPHRINE and have a high affinity for the agonist TERBUTALINE. They are widespread, with clinically important roles in SKELETAL MUSCLE; LIVER; and vascular, bronchial, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary SMOOTH MUSCLE.

The encapsulated embryos of flowering plants. They are used as is or for animal feed because of the high content of concentrated nutrients like starches, proteins, and fats. Rapeseed, cottonseed, and sunflower seed are also produced for the oils (fats) they yield.

An enzyme that, in the pathway of cholesterol biosynthesis, catalyzes the condensation of isopentenyl pyrophosphate and dimethylallylpyrophosphate to yield pyrophosphate and geranylpyrophosphate. The enzyme then catalyzes the condensation of the latter compound with another molecule of isopentenyl pyrophosphate to yield pyrophosphate and farnesylpyrophosphate. EC 2.5.1.1.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

Organic substances that are required in small amounts for maintenance and growth, but which cannot be manufactured by the human body.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

Red blood cells. Mature erythrocytes are non-nucleated, biconcave disks containing HEMOGLOBIN whose function is to transport OXYGEN.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

A family of transmembrane glycoproteins (MEMBRANE GLYCOPROTEINS) consisting of noncovalent heterodimers. They interact with a wide variety of ligands including EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX PROTEINS; COMPLEMENT, and other cells, while their intracellular domains interact with the CYTOSKELETON. The integrins consist of at least three identified families: the cytoadhesin receptors(RECEPTORS, CYTOADHESIN), the leukocyte adhesion receptors (RECEPTORS, LEUKOCYTE ADHESION), and the VERY LATE ANTIGEN RECEPTORS. Each family contains a common beta-subunit (INTEGRIN BETA CHAINS) combined with one or more distinct alpha-subunits (INTEGRIN ALPHA CHAINS). These receptors participate in cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesion in many physiologically important processes, including embryological development; HEMOSTASIS; THROMBOSIS; WOUND HEALING; immune and nonimmune defense mechanisms; and oncogenic transformation.

A soluble factor produced by MONOCYTES; MACROPHAGES, and other cells which activates T-lymphocytes and potentiates their response to mitogens or antigens. Interleukin-1 is a general term refers to either of the two distinct proteins, INTERLEUKIN-1ALPHA and INTERLEUKIN-1BETA. The biological effects of IL-1 include the ability to replace macrophage requirements for T-cell activation.

Integrin beta-1 chains which are expressed as heterodimers that are noncovalently associated with specific alpha-chains of the CD49 family (CD49a-f). CD29 is expressed on resting and activated leukocytes and is a marker for all of the very late activation antigens on cells. (from: Barclay et al., The Leukocyte Antigen FactsBook, 1993, p164)

A cell surface receptor mediating cell adhesion to the EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX and to other cells via binding to LAMININ. It is involved in cell migration, embryonic development, leukocyte activation and tumor cell invasiveness. Integrin alpha6beta1 is the major laminin receptor on PLATELETS; LEUKOCYTES; and many EPITHELIAL CELLS, and ligand binding may activate a number of signal transduction pathways. Alternative splicing of the cytoplasmic domain of the alpha6 subunit (INTEGRIN ALPHA6) results in the formation of A and B isoforms of the heterodimer, which are expressed in a tissue-specific manner.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

A plant genus of the family BRASSICACEAE that contains ARABIDOPSIS PROTEINS and MADS DOMAIN PROTEINS. The species A. thaliana is used for experiments in classical plant genetics as well as molecular genetic studies in plant physiology, biochemistry, and development.

A subclass of beta-adrenergic receptors (RECEPTORS, ADRENERGIC, BETA). The adrenergic beta-1 receptors are equally sensitive to EPINEPHRINE and NOREPINEPHRINE and bind the agonist DOBUTAMINE and the antagonist METOPROLOL with high affinity. They are found in the HEART, juxtaglomerular cells, and in the central and peripheral nervous systems.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

Six-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives. Various polyneuropathies are caused by hexane poisoning.

Integrin alpha1beta1 functions as a receptor for LAMININ and COLLAGEN. It is widely expressed during development, but in the adult is the predominant laminin receptor (RECEPTORS, LAMININ) in mature SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, where it is important for maintenance of the differentiated phenotype of these cells. Integrin alpha1beta1 is also found in LYMPHOCYTES and microvascular endothelial cells, and may play a role in angiogenesis. In SCHWANN CELLS and neural crest cells, it is involved in cell migration. Integrin alpha1beta1 is also known as VLA-1 and CD49a-CD29.

A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).

A disturbance in the prooxidant-antioxidant balance in favor of the former, leading to potential damage. Indicators of oxidative stress include damaged DNA bases, protein oxidation products, and lipid peroxidation products (Sies, Oxidative Stress, 1991, pxv-xvi).

Isolation and characterization of homogentisate phytyltransferase genes from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and Arabidopsis. (1/7)

Tocopherols, synthesized by photosynthetic organisms, are micronutrients with antioxidant properties that play important roles in animal and human nutrition. Because of these health benefits, there is considerable interest in identifying the genes involved in tocopherol biosynthesis to allow transgenic alteration of both tocopherol levels and composition in agricultural crops. Tocopherols are generated from the condensation of phytyldiphosphate and homogentisic acid (HGA), followed by cyclization and methylation reactions. Homogentisate phytyltransferase (HPT) performs the first committed step in this pathway, the phytylation of HGA. In this study, bioinformatics techniques were used to identify candidate genes, slr1736 and HPT1, that encode HPT from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and Arabidopsis, respectively. These two genes encode putative membrane-bound proteins, and contain amino acid residues highly conserved with other prenyltransferases of the aromatic type. A Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 slr1736 null mutant obtained by insertional inactivation did not accumulate tocopherols, and was rescued by the Arabidopsis HPT1 ortholog. The membrane fraction of wild-type Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 was capable of catalyzing the phytylation of HGA, whereas the membrane fraction from the slr1736 null mutant was not. The microsomal membrane fraction of baculovirus-infected insect cells expressing the Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 slr1736 were also able to perform the phytylation reaction, verifying HPT activity of the protein encoded by this gene. In addition, evidence that antisense expression of HPT1 in Arabidopsis resulted in reduced seed tocopherol levels, whereas seed-specific sense expression resulted in increased seed tocopherol levels, is presented. (+info)

Characterization of gamma-tocopherol methyltransferases from Capsicum annuum L and Arabidopsis thaliana. (2/7)

Tocopherols are essential micronutrients in human and animal nutrition due to their function as lipophilic antioxidants. They are exclusively synthesized by photosynthetic organisms including higher plants. Despite the attributed beneficial health effects and many industrial applications, research on the tocopherol biosynthetic pathway and its regulation in plants is still limited. In the work presented here we performed a detailed biochemical characterization of a gamma-tocopherol methyltransferase (gamma-TMT) from Arabidopsis thaliana and of a gamma-TMT purified from Capsicum annuum fruits, a tissue with high accumulation of tocopherols. The biochemical characteristics of both enzyme preparations were remarkably similar including substrate specificities. Both enzymes converted delta- and gamma- into beta- and alpha-tocopherol, respectively, but beta-tocopherol was not accepted as a substrate, pointing to a specific methylation at the C(5)-position of the tocopherol aromatic head group. A kinetic analysis performed with the Arabidopsis enzyme was consistent with an iso-ordered bi-bi type reaction mechanism. Our results emphasize the role of gamma-TMT in regulating the spectrum of accumulated tocopherols in plants. (+info)

The cytotoxicity of vitamin E is both vitamer- and cell-specific and involves a selectable trait. (3/7)

During a study of the effect of vitamin E in activated mouse macrophages, we observed a reduction in the viability of cells treated with various forms of vitamin E. We show in this report that some tocopherols (both gamma- and delta-tocopherol) are cytotoxic to some but not all cell types. Mouse macrophages were especially sensitive (40 micromol/L), whereas human hepatocytes and bovine endothelial cells were almost completely refractory (90 micromol/L). The fully methylated tocopherol, alpha-tocopherol (alpha-Toc), was not cytotoxic in any cell type tested. The cytotoxicity observed with delta-tocopherol (delta-Toc) was associated with 2 markers of apoptosis. Vitamer-specific cytotoxicity was not due to differences in cellular uptake/accumulation because both alpha-Toc and delta-Toc accumulated equally in any cell type tested. In contrast, the cell-specific cytotoxicity was related in part to uptake/accumulation of the tocopherols. Macrophages accumulated nearly 5 times more tocopherol compared with hepatocytes cultured under similar conditions. To address the hypothesis that uptake accounted for the cell-specific sensitivity, we developed a macrophage "subtype" that was markedly resistant (>150 micromol/L) to delta-Toc. Under many different cell culture conditions (including human serum) uptake/accumulation of tocopherols was reduced in this subtype by approximately 50%. Further selection and evaluation of this phenotype, however, demonstrated no cytotoxicity even when cellular levels were elevated. Our results show that undermethylated tocopherols are cytotoxic to macrophages and that there are independent and selectable processes that determine cellular tocopherol uptake/accumulation and delta-Toc cytotoxicity. (+info)

Dietary alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-tocopherols in lung cancer risk. (4/7)

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Dietary beta-tocopherol and linoleic acid, serum insulin, and waist circumference predict circulating sex hormone-binding globulin in premenopausal women. (5/7)

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Replacement of alpha-tocopherol by beta-tocopherol enhances resistance to photooxidative stress in a xanthophyll-deficient strain of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. (6/7)

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Implications for degenerative disorders: antioxidative activity, total phenols, flavonoids, ascorbic acid, beta-carotene and beta-tocopherol in Aloe vera. (7/7)

In order to demonstrate whether the known biological effects of Aloe vera (L.) Burm. fil. could correlate with the antioxidant activity of the plant, the antioxidant activity of the aqueous leaf extract was investigated. The present study demonstrated that the aqueous extract from A. vera leaves contained naturally occuring antioxidant components, including total phenols, flavonoids, ascorbic acid, beta-carotene and alpha-tocopherol. The extract exhibited inhibitory capacity against Fe(3+)/ascorbic acid induced phosphatidylcholine liposome oxidation, scavenged stable DPPH(*), ABTS(*+) and superoxide anion radicals, and acted as reductant. In contrast, the leaf inner gel did not show any antioxidant activity. It was concluded that the known beneficial effects of Aloe vera could be attributed to its antioxidant activity and could be related to the presence of phenolic compounds and antioxidant vitamins. (+info)

The Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta Carotene Cancer Prevention Study Group (1994). "The effect of vitamin E and beta carotene on the ... 1996). "Effects of a combination of beta carotene and vitamin A on lung cancer and cardiovascular disease" (PDF). N Engl J Med ... All other carotenoids, including lycopene, have no beta-ring and thus no vitamin A activity (although they may have antioxidant ... 1996). "Risk factors for lung cancer and for intervention effects in CARET, the Beta-Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial" (PDF ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carotene

For beta(β)-tocopherol: R1 = methyl group, R2 = H, R3 = methyl group. For gamma(γ)-tocopherol: R1 = H, R2 = methyl group, R3 = ... Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta Carotene Cancer Prevention Study Group (April 1994). "The effect of vitamin E and beta carotene on the ... "Scientific Opinion on the re‐evaluation of tocopherol‐rich extract (E 306), α‐tocopherol (E 307), γ‐tocopherol (E 308) and δ‐ ... The naturally occurring plant form of alpha-tocopherol is RRR-α-tocopherol, also referred to as d-tocopherol, whereas the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_E

... and alpha-tocopherol (a form of vitamin E) (5 studies) content; milk studies reported on beta-carotene (4 studies) and alpha- ... tocopherol levels (4 studies). Few studies examined vitamin content in meats, but these found no difference in beta-carotene in ... Produce studies reported on ascorbic acid (vitamin C) (31 studies), beta-carotene (a precursor for vitamin A) (12 studies), ... α-tocopherol and iron, but lower iodine and selenium concentrations in organic milk: a systematic literature review and meta- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_food

The oil contains high concentrations of oleic acid, tocopherols, and carotenoids, especially beta-carotene. The oil has a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritia_flexuosa

Zhang P, Omaye ST (February 2001). "Antioxidant and prooxidant roles for beta-carotene, alpha-tocopherol and ascorbic acid in ... In a high-risk group like smokers, high doses of beta carotene increased the rate of lung cancer since high doses of beta- ... Since dietary sources contain a wider range of carotenoids and vitamin E tocopherols and tocotrienols from whole foods, ex post ... Beta Carotene, and Vitamin E) may increase mortality risk (although studies more prone to bias reported the reverse). The USDA ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidative_stress

2008). "Effect of alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene supplementation on the incidence of type 2 diabetes". Diabetologia. 51 (1 ... Song Y.; Cook N.; Albert C.; Denburgh M. V.; Manson J. E. (2009). "Effects of vitamins C and E and beta-carotene on the risk of ... Antioxidants: Three vitamins, ascorbic acid; α-tocopherol; and β-carotene, are well recognized for their antioxidant activities ... the continuing autoimmune disease which initially destroyed the beta cells of the pancreas may also cause neuropathy, and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complications_of_diabetes

The authors found 4 studies on each of beta-carotene and alpha-tocopherol levels in milk; differences were heterogeneous and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_milk

"Long-term supplementation with alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene and prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in smokers". Oral ... Another study examined a combination of Vitamin E and beta carotene in smokers with early-stage cancer of the oropharynx, and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_and_neck_cancer

... and Retinol and Risk of Lung Cancer in the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cohort Study". American Journal of Epidemiology. 156 ... Evidence points to beta carotene being one example of such a compound, which has led researchers to caution against the ... Tanvetyanon, T; Bepler, G (July 2008). "Beta-carotene in multivitamins and the possible risk of lung cancer among smokers ... In recent years, people substitute health supplements for healthy meals.[citation needed] Some myths even state beta carotene[ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co-carcinogen

She manages the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC) Study, a prospective cohort study that began as a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephanie_J._Weinstein

The vitamin E family comprise four tocotrienols (alpha, beta, gamma, delta) and four tocopherols (alpha, beta, gamma, delta). ... Tocotrienols are named by analogy to tocopherols (from Greek words meaning to bear a pregnancy (see tocopherol); but with this ... Various studies have shown that alpha-tocopherol interferes with tocotrienol benefits. High levels of α-tocopherol increase ... "Influence of major structural features of tocopherols and tocotrienols on their omega-oxidation by tocopherol-omega-hydroxylase ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tocotrienol

1997). "Randomised trial of alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene supplements on incidence of major coronary events in men with ... beta-carotene, vitamin A, and vitamin E) may increase mortality, although with respect to beta-carotene this conclusion may be ... Some vitamins are toxic in high doses, including niacin (B3), cholecalciferol (D) and tocopherol (E). The view of the medical ... Patrick Lyn (December 1999). "Nutrients and HIV: part one -- beta carotene and selenium" (PDF). Altern Med Rev. 4 (6): 403-13. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthomolecular_medicine

For beta(β)-tocopherol: R1 = methyl group, R2 = H, R3 = methyl group. For gamma(γ)-tocopherol: R1 = H, R2 = methyl group, R3 = ... gamma-tocopherol (γ-tocopherol) is the most common form found in the North American diet, but alpha-tocopherol (α-tocopherol) ... Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta Carotene Cancer Prevention Study Group (April 1994). "The effect of vitamin E and beta carotene on the ... "Scientific Opinion on the re‐evaluation of tocopherol‐rich extract (E 306), α‐tocopherol (E 307), γ‐tocopherol (E 308) and δ‐ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypervitaminosis_E

Sowell AL, Huff DL, Yeager PR, Caudill SP, Gunter EW (March 1994). "Retinol, alpha-tocopherol, lutein/zeaxanthin, beta- ... Of these, α-tocopherol has been most studied as it has the highest bioavailability, with the body preferentially absorbing and ... The Beta-Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial (CARET) study of lung cancer patients found that smokers given supplements ... Beta-carotene may also increase lung cancer. Overall, the large number of clinical trials carried out on antioxidant ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antioxidant

... alpha-tocopherol MeSH D03.438.150.909.750.374 - beta-tocopherol MeSH D03.438.150.909.750.500 - gamma-tocopherol MeSH D03.438. ... alpha-tocopherol MeSH D03.830.219.909.750.374 - beta-tocopherol MeSH D03.830.219.909.750.500 - gamma-tocopherol MeSH D03.830. ... beta-naphthoflavone MeSH D03.438.150.266.450.190 - biflavonoids MeSH D03.438.150.266.450.206 - catechin MeSH D03.438.150.266. ... beta-naphthoflavone MeSH D03.830.219.266.450.190 - biflavonoids MeSH D03.830.219.266.450.206 - catechin MeSH D03.830.219.266. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D03)

... 's fruits have a high content of sugars (40%), and antioxidant vitamins such as vitamin C, beta-carotene, niacin, ... The analysed fruits contain very useful bioactive phytochemicals such as phenolics, vitamins (ascorbic acid and tocopherols) ... tocopherols, and organic acids that are precursors to omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids (nearly 9%). They are edible fresh, but ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbutus_unedo

... making both beta / gamma tocotrienol as well as the beta / gamma tocopherol pairs of stereoisomer. Vitamin E Tocopherol ... The beta- and gamma- forms both have two substituted methyl groups, although at different structural positions (5,8-dimethyl ... The four compounds with the saturated tails are the tocopherols, and the four compounds with the unsaturated tails are the ... 2013). Tocotrienols: Vitamin E Beyond Tocopherols (2nd ed.). Boca Raton: CRC Press. ISBN 9781439884416. Komiyama K, Iizuka K, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Γ-Tocotrienol

Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta Carotene Cancer Prevention Study Group (April 1994). "The effect of vitamin E and beta carotene on the ... 1 IU of tocopherol is defined as ⅔ milligrams of RRR-α-tocopherol (formerly named d-α-tocopherol or sometimes ddd-α-tocopherol ... As a food additive, tocopherol is labeled with these E numbers: E306 (tocopherol), E307 (α-tocopherol), E308 (γ-tocopherol), ... "Mixed tocopherols" in the USA contain at least 20% w/w other natural R, R,R- tocopherols, i.e. R, R,R-α-tocopherol content plus ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tocopherol

Alpha-Tocopherol Beta-Tocopherol Gamma-Tocopherol (+)-δ-Tocopherol at Sigma-Aldrich "Approved additives and E numbers". ... δ-Tocopherol (delta-tocopherol) is a tocopherol and one of the chemical compounds that is considered vitamin E. As a food ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Δ-Tocopherol

... (beta-tocopherol) is a type of tocopherol with formula C28H48O2. "beta-Tocopherol". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Β-Tocopherol

... tocopherols) and steroids (campesterol, beta-sitosterol, stigmasterol). Grapeseed oil contains small amounts of vitamin E, but ... ISBN 978-0-85199-723-0. Sabir, A; Unver, A; Kara, Z (2012). "The fatty acid and tocopherol constituents of the seed oil ... A study of 21 grape cultivars showed variation of oil composition, especially for linoleic acid and tocopherols. Although grape ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grape_seed_oil

The main carotenoids are beta-carotene, zeaxanthin and lycopene while alpha-tocopherol is the major vitamin E compound. The ... Kallio H, Yang B, Peippo P, Tahvonen R, Pan R (2002). "Triacylglycerols, glycerophospholipids, tocopherols, and tocotrienols in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippophae_rhamnoides

One hundred grams (dry weight) contains 49.3 micrograms (µg) of tocopherols (20.0 µg alpha, 21.3 µg beta, and 8.0 µg gamma) and ... A water-insoluble beta-glucan, RVS3-II, has been isolated from the fruit bodies. Sulfated derivatives of this compound have ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russula_virescens

... higher in beta-carotene, 288% higher in vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol), higher in the B-vitamins thiamin and riboflavin, higher ... which is presumed to be due to the lower rate of use of dietary ALA for beta-oxidation. One preliminary study showed that EPA ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omega-3_fatty_acid

... has been shown as a powerful protective antioxidant for thalassemia and prevents the breakdown of alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E ... Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris (Syn.: Beta vulgaris subsp. cicla (L.) Arcang., Beta vulgaris subsp. rapacea (Koch) Döll).: all ... description of Beta vulgaris and Beta maritima Uotila, P. (2011). Beta vulgaris In: "Chenopodiaceae (pro parte majore)." - Euro ... Beta vulgaris belongs to the subfamily Betoideae in family Amaranthaceae (s.l, including the Chenopodiaceae). Beta vulgaris is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_vulgaris

Twenty-five varieties were tested, with the key nutrients measured being ascorbic acid (vitamin C), tocopherols (vitamin E), ... phylloquinone (vitamin K), and beta-carotene (a vitamin A precursor), plus other related carotenoids in the cotyledons. Among ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microgreen

"Retinol, alpha-tocopherol, lutein/zeaxanthin, beta-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, alpha-carotene, trans-beta-carotene, and four ... The beta-Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial« (CARET), študija na bolnikih s pljučnim rakom je pokazala, da je pojavnost raka ... Azzi A (2007). "Molecular mechanism of alpha-tocopherol action". Free Radic. Biol. Med. 43 (1): 16-21. doi:10.1016/j. ... Atkinson J; Epand RF; Epand RM (2007). "Tocopherols and tocotrienols in membranes: A critical review". Free Radic. Biol. Med. ...

https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antioksidanti

3 mg d-alpha-tocopherol = 0.90 mg of dl-alpha-tocopherol Peptides: 1 IU insulin ≙ 0.0347 mg human insulin (28.8 IU/mg) 1 IU ... Micronutrients: 1 IU Vitamin A = 0.3 μg retinol (~0.1 nmol) = 0.6 μg beta-carotene 1 IU Vitamin D = 0.025 µg D2/D3 ≈ 0.65 pmol ... Many biological agents exist in different forms or preparations (e.g. vitamin A in the form of retinol or beta-carotene). The ... See Vitamin A § Equivalencies of retinoids and carotenoids (IU). The US NIH has replaced IU with mg d-alpha-tocopherol equiv. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_unit

For example, high doses of beta-carotene and vitamin E was found to increase the risk of lung cancer and overall mortality in ... Tocopherol, tocotrienols), and many more. These compounds can be found as ingredients in various products, or as components of ... Examples are, but not limited to, Carotenoids (Beta-carotene, Lycopene), Lutein, Manganese, Magnesium, Selenium, Vitamin A ( ... and tocopherols, among others. Phenolic compounds found in foods generally contribute to their astringency and may also reduce ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antioxidative_stress

It is traditionally served with white rice.[citation needed] The leaves are rich in folate, beta-carotene, iron, calcium, ... The plant has a potent antioxidant activity with a significant α-tocopherol equivalent vitamin E. Egypt portal Food portal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mulukhiyah

The beta cells in the pancreatic islets are sensitive to the blood glucose concentration.[31] A rise in the blood glucose ... NAD+ is the oxidizing agent in glycolysis, as it is in most other energy yielding metabolic reactions (e.g. beta-oxidation of ... When the blood sugar falls the pancreatic beta cells cease insulin production, but, instead, stimulate the neighboring ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycolysis

... is a source of potassium, dietary fiber, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E (alpha tocopherol), vitamin K, thiamin, ... Beta-carotene 120 IU 177 IU 2658 IU Vitamin E 880 mg 220 mcg 580 mcg ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheatgrass

Ang karamihan sa mga hayop at halaman ay may kakayahang mag-sintesis(synthesize) ng kanilang sariling bitamina C sa pamamagitan ng sekwensiya ng apat na pinapatakbo ng ensima na mga hakbang na kumokonberte sa glucose patungo sa bitamina C[2]. Ang glucose na kailangan upang mag-sintesis ng ascorbate sa atay(sa mga mammal at mga ibon na nagsasagawa ng perching) ay kinakatas mula sa glycogen. Ang sintesis ng ascorbate ay isang nakabatay sa glycogenolisis na proseso. Sa mga reptilya at mga ibon, ang biosintesis ay isinasagawa sa mga kidney nito[3]. Kabilang sa mga hayop na nawalan ng kakayahan na mag-sintesis ng sariling bitamina C ang mga simian at tarsier na ang pinagsamang ito ay bumubuo sa dalawang pangunahing mga suborder ng primate na anthropoidea na tinatawag ring haplorrhini. Kabilang sa pangkat na ito ang mga tao(humans). Ang ibang mga mas primitibong mga primate(strepsirrhini) ay may kakayahang gumawa ng sariling bitamina C. Ang sintesis ay hindi naisasagawa sa ilang mga species sa pamilya ...

https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitamina_C

... s are broken down to CO2 and water by the intra-cellular mitochondria through beta oxidation and the citric acid ... Vegetable oils resist this process to a small degree because they contain antioxidants, such as tocopherol. Fats and oils often ... Thus carbon α (alpha) is C-2, carbon β (beta) is C-3, and so forth. ... by means of beta-oxidation followed by further combustion in the citric acid cycle to CO2 and water. Cells in the central ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatty_acid

UnTurkey, produced until 2006 by the now-defunct Now & Zen Bakery in San Francisco, was one of the first ready-made tofurkey products available in the U.S.[3] Currently available products include those of Tofurky,[1] the Celebration Roast produced by Field Roast[1] and the Stuffed Holiday Roast made by Match Foods (previously called AuraPro). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tofurkey

Beta-carotene and other carotenoids. Dietary reference intakes for vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium, and carotenoids, Washington ... Plasma LDL and HDL subspecies are heterogeneous in particle content of tocopherols and oxygenated and hydrocarbon carotenoids: ... beta-carotene, lycopene and lutein, on colonic aberrant crypt foci formation in rats. - Cancer Lett, 1996, kd 107, nr 1, lk 137 ... Lycopene is a more potent inhibitor of human cancer cell proliferation than either alpha-carotene or beta-carotene. - Nutr ...

https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lükopeen

An example of the evolutionary similarity in the Beta family is seen in the mechanism. The β enzymes are all lyases and ... PLP is also involved in various beta-elimination reactions such as the reactions carried out by serine dehydratase and GDP-4- ... "A new arrangement of (beta/alpha)8 barrels in the synthase subunit of PLP synthase". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 280 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyridoxal_phosphate

Apart from animal livers, the richest dietary source of menaquinones are fermented foods (from bacteria, not molds or yeasts); sources include cheeses consumed in Western diets (e.g., containing MK-8 and MK-9) and fermented soybean products (e.g., in traditional nattō consumed in Japan, containing MK-7).[citation needed] (Here and following it is noteworthy that most food assays measure only fully unsaturated menaquinones.[citation needed]) MK-4 is synthesized by animal tissues and is found in meat, eggs, and dairy products.[17] Cheeses have been found to contain MK-8 at 10-20 μg per 100 g and MK-9 at 35-55 μg per 100 g.[11] In one report, no substantial differences in MK-4 levels were observed between wild game, free-range animals, and factory farm animals.[18] In addition to its animal origins, menaquinones are synthesized by bacteria during fermentation and so, as stated, are found in most fermented cheese and soybean products.[19][non-primary source needed] As of 2001, the richest known ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/?curid=38233257

δ-Tocopherol Arhivirano 2011-02-22 na Wayback Machine-u at Sigma-Aldrich ... Tokoferol (Alfa, Beta, Gama, Delta) • Tokotrienol (Alfa, Beta, Gama, Delta) • Tokofersolan. K ...

https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta-Tokoferol

... in Earl Grey tea Beta-apo-8'-carotenal (C 30) - color Beta-apo-8'-carotenic acid ethyl ester - color Betanin - color (red) ... Tocopherol (Vitamin E) - Tocopherol concentrate (natural) - antioxidant Tragacanth - thickener, vegetable gum, stabilizer, ... Carotenes - color Alpha-carotene - color Beta-carotene - color Gamma-carotene - color Carrageenan - thickener, vegetable gum, ... Tocopherol) - Vitamin K (Potassium) - Walnut oil - used for its flavor, also used by Renaissance painters in oil paints Wasabi ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_food_additives

... in contrast to alpha-tocopherol and alpha-tocopheryl acetate, inhibits prostaglandin E2 production in human lung epithelial ... activated transcriptional element-binding factor 1 occurs via an inducible interaction with CAAAT/enhancer-binding protein-beta ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPGES-2

Herrera-Mundo N, Sitges M (2013). "Vinpocetine and α-tocopherol prevent the increase in DA and oxidative stress induced by 3- ... "Inhibitory activity on amyloid-beta aggregation and antioxidant properties of Crocus sativus stigmas extract and its crocin ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroprotection

Alum can trigger dendritic cells and other immune cells to secrete Interleukin 1 beta (IL‑1β), an immune signal that promotes ... Masoudi, Sanita; Daniela Ploen; Katharina Kunz (23 May 2014). "The adjuvant component α-tocopherol triggers via modulation of ... Beta-glucan Immunomodulator Immunostimulant Pharmaceutic adjuvant "Guideline on Adjuvants in Vaccines for Human Use" (PDF). The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunologic_adjuvant

This domain occurs in both the alpha and beta subunits of cytochrome B559. In the alpha subunit, it occurs together with a ... mutant and their interactions with alpha-tocopherol quinone". FEBS Lett. 535 (1-3): 159-165. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(02)03895-4 ... Within the core of the complex, the chlorophyll and beta-carotene pigments are mainly bound to the antenna proteins CP43 (PsbC ... one beta (PsbF) subunit, and a heme cofactor. Two histidine residues from each subunit coordinate the heme. Although cytochrome ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytochrome_b559

It is in the family Amaranthaceae, subfamily Betoideae, related to Beta, but unlike that genus, is a vine, climbing to 3 m or ... tocopherols, alpha-linolenic acid (an Omega-3 fatty acid), protein, sucrose and all other mineral and trace elements, except ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hablitzia

Her medication included vitamin K 10 mg twice a week, beta-carotene 40,000 IU daily, vitamin A 10,000 IU daily, vitamin E 400 ... Two different forms were tested: vitamin E tocofersolan and α-tocopherol acetate. The study concluded that plasma ... Additionally, plasma concentrations of tocopherol were not significantly different in patients. This study provides new insight ... which prevents the normal creation of beta-lipoproteins in the body. MTTP-associated mutations are inherited in an autosomal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abetalipoproteinemia

Isotopes lighter than the stable isotopes primarily undergo beta plus decay to isotopes of arsenic, and isotopes heavier than ... tocopherols, etc. A few of these appeared more recently, in the last 50-200 million years, in fruits and flowers of angiosperm ... the stable isotopes undergo beta minus decay to isotopes of bromine, with some minor neutron emission branches in the heaviest ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium

Dong GZ, Oh ET, Lee H, Park MT, Song CW, Park HJ (May 2010). "Beta-lapachone suppresses radiation-induced activation of nuclear ... Kohar I, Baca M, Suarna C, Stocker R, Southwell-Keely PT (Aug 1995). "Is alpha-tocopherol a reservoir for alpha-tocopheryl ... "The role of oxidative stress in the toxicity induced by amyloid beta-peptide in Alzheimer's disease". Progress in Neurobiology ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NAD(P)H_dehydrogenase_(quinone_1)

In 2015, beta-myrcene was added to California's Prop 65 list of chemicals known to the state of California to cause cancer or ... Samples are stabilized by the addition of alkylphenols or tocopherol. It is thus more highly valued as an intermediate for the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myrcene

Carvalho, Elisabete; Fraser, P.D.; Martens, S. (2013). "Carotenoids and tocopherols in yellow and red raspberries". Food ... "A causal role for ethylene and endo-beta-1,4-glucanase in the abscission of red-raspberry (Rubus idaeus) drupelets". Physiol. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry

The structure contains several alpha helices as well as a beta sheet composed of 6 strands. Strands 2,3,4 and 5 form a parallel ... Other members of the family are alpha-tocopherol transfer protein and phosphatidylinositol-transfer protein (Sec14). They ... "Crystal structure of human alpha-tocopherol transfer protein bound to its ligand: implications for ataxia with vitamin E ... beta sheet with strands 1 and 6 being anti-parallel. The structure also identified a hydrophobic binding pocket for lipid ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CRAL-TRIO_domain

Ryan, E.; Galvin, K.; O'Connor, T. P.; Maguire, A. R.; O'Brien, N. M. (2006). "Fatty acid profile, tocopherol, squalene and ... Brazil nut oil contains 48% unsaturated fatty acids composed mainly of oleic and linoleic acids, the phytosterol, beta- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil_nut

ALPHA.-TOCOPHEROL ACETATE, DL- (UNII: WR1WPI7EW8) (.ALPHA.-TOCOPHEROL, DL- - UNII:7QWA1RIO01) .ALPHA.-TOCOPHEROL, DL-. 30 [iU] ... BETA.-CAROTENE (UNII: 01YAE03M7J) (.BETA.-CAROTENE - UNII:01YAE03M7J) .BETA.-CAROTENE. 600 [iU]. ... SELECT OB- .beta.-carotene, vitamin a acetate, ascorbic acid, cholecalciferol, .alpha.-tocopherol acetate, dl-, thiamine ... SELECT OB- .beta.-carotene, vitamin a acetate, ascorbic acid, cholecalciferol, .alpha.-tocopherol acetate, dl-, thiamine ...

https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=adc77b02-a00f-430b-ae61-f89387b6fe3b&audience=consumer

ALPHA.-TOCOPHEROL ACETATE, DL- (UNII: WR1WPI7EW8) (.ALPHA.-TOCOPHEROL, DL- - UNII:7QWA1RIO01) .ALPHA.-TOCOPHEROL, DL-. 30 [iU] ... Beta.-Carotene (UNII: 01YAE03M7J) (.Beta.-Carotene - UNII:01YAE03M7J) .Beta.-Carotene. 600 [iU]. ... SELECT OB- .beta.-carotene, vitamin a acetate, ascorbic acid, cholecalciferol, .alpha.-tocopherol acetate, dl-, thiamine ... SELECT OB- .beta.-carotene, vitamin a acetate, ascorbic acid, cholecalciferol, .alpha.-tocopherol acetate, dl-, thiamine ...

https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=bfdfc2c8-3f3e-42a4-8d5b-fd2c73ff7938

Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta Carotene Cancer Prevention Study Group. The effect of vitamin E and beta carotene on the incidence of ... In fact, two large phase III clinical trials (the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention [ATBC] [56] and the Beta- ... The Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study reported a 30-40% decrease in prostate cancer incidence and ... Prostate cancer and supplementation with alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene: incidence and mortality in a controlled trial. J ...

https://www.medscape.com/answers/453191-187013/what-is-the-role-of-green-tea-in-prostate-cancer-risk-reduction

The alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene cancer prevention study. Circulation 1996;94:2720-7. View abstract. ... Cholesterol-lowering effect of beta-glucan from oat bran in mildly hypercholesterolemic subjects may decrease when beta-glucan ... High beta-glucan oat bran and oat gum reduce postprandial blood glucose and insulin in subjects with and without type 2 ... Oat beta-glucan increases bile acid excretion and a fiber-rich barley fraction increases cholesterol excretion in ileostomy ...

https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druginfo/natural/814.html

β-Tocopherol (beta-tocopherol) is a type of tocopherol with formula C28H48O2. "beta-Tocopherol". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92-Tocopherol

Tocopherol, beta. 0 mg. Tocopherol, delta. 0.02 mg. Tocopherol, gamma. 0.41 mg. ...

https://www.medindia.net/beauty/lettuce.asp

Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol). 1mg. Tocopherol, beta. 5mg. Tocopherol, gamma. 3mg. Tocopherol, delta. 1mg. ...

https://www.recipetips.com/usda/food-nutrition/t--21272/pizza-hut-12-cheese-pizza-thick-crust.asp

Nutrition facts and Information for Beans, kidney, red, mature seeds, cooked, boiled, with salt

https://nutritiondata.self.com/facts/legumes-and-legume-products/4426/2

Vitamin E (Alpha Tocopherol). 2.6 mg. Vitamin E (Beta Tocopherol). 0.1 mg ...

https://lifestyle.iloveindia.com/lounge/nutritional-value-of-bell-peppers-5766.html

Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol). 1mg. Vitamin E, added. 0mg. Tocopherol, beta. 0mg. ...

https://www.recipetips.com/usda/food-nutrition/t--35153/fish-salmon-king-chinook-raw-alaska-native.asp

This topic has 38 study abstracts on beta-Carotene indicating that it may have therapeutic value in the treatment of Breast ... Substances : beta-Carotene, Vitamin C, Vitamin E: alpha tocopherol. Diseases : C-Reactive Protein, Inflammation, Oxidative ... Low dietary intake of beta-carotene, alpha-tocopherol and ascorbic acid is associated with increased inflammatory and oxidative ... High combined intakes of vitamins C and E, beta-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, and lutein-zeaxanthin from food, or a diet high ...

https://greenmedinfo.com/substance/beta-carotene

Tocopherols 1 mg *. (providing d-Gamma, d-Delta and d-Beta Tocopherols). ... Vitamin E-200 iu Mixed Tocopherols Natural Description. Vitamin E promotes immune function.* Vitamin E is also a powerful ...

https://www.puritan.com/heart-health-store-category-2153/vitamin-e-200-iu-mixed-tocopherols-natural-000450

"IFF Beta-tocopherol (mg)" NCPIGTOC = "IFF Gamma-tocopherol (mg)" NCPIDTOC = "IFF Delta-tocopherol (mg)" NCPIVD = "IFF Vitamin D ... "IFF Beta-carotene (mcg)" NCPIVE = "IFF Total alpha-tocopherol equiv. (mg)" NCPIVC = "IFF Vitamin C (mg)" NCPIVB1 = "IFF Thiamin ... alpha tocopherol equival)" DRPIWATE = "IFF Water (gm)" DRPIZINC = "IFF Zinc (mg)" NCPIGW = "IFF Total grams of food or beverage ...

https://wwwn.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhanes3/2a/iff.sas

Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) [mg]. 0.19. Tocopherol, beta [mg]. 0.38. Tocopherol, gamma [mg]. 0.05. ... Beta-carotene is an antioxidant that prevents the development of cataracts and can slow the onset of macular degeneration. [22] ...

https://www.organicfacts.net/health-benefits/cereal/amaranth-grain.html

Tocopherol, TCP, beta. mg. ⊕ Tocopherol, TCP, delta. mg. ⊕ Tocopherol, TCP, gamma. mg. ...

https://www.traditionaloven.com/foods/details/poultry/chicken-gizzard-any-class-raw.html

Alpha-tocopherol beta-oxidation localized to rat liver mitochondria.. Free Radic Biol Med. 48(1):73-81. ... Alpha-tocopherol beta-oxidation localized to rat liver mitochondria.. Free Radic Biol Med. 48(1):73-81. ... Alpha-tocopherol beta-oxidation localized to rat liver mitochondria.. Free Radic Biol Med. 48(1):73-81. ... Alpha-tocopherol regulation of hepatic cytochrome P450s and ABC transporters in rats.. Free Radic Biol Med. 41(7):1069-78. ...

https://lpi.oregonstate.edu/biblio?f%5Bauthor%5D=5591&o=asc&page=3&s=keyword

The Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Preventio. Read More. September 07, 2016 ...

https://nethealthbook.com/news/tag/risk-of-prostate-cancer/

Nutrition facts and Information for Portuguese Kale and Potato Soup

https://nutritiondata.self.com/facts/recipe/1304991/2?mbid=HDFD&trackback=https%3A%2F%2Finsidecitizen.blogspot.com

Nutrition facts and Information for Portuguese Kale and Potato Soup

https://nutritiondata.self.com/facts/recipe/1304991/2?mbid=HDFD&trackback=https://aevt.org/wishlist/ev-evse-training-eindhoven-netherlands

Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) 3.15 mg. Tocopherol, beta 0.03 mg. Tocopherol, gamma 0.64 mg. ... My P.L.A.N. version 0.56 beta.. This program is currently in beta testing, please report any problem you encounter by clicking ... This program is new and currently in beta testing, and may contain errors (known as bugs). Please report any problem you may ...

https://forum.lowcarber.org/myplan.php?do=compdetails&id=1104537600&meal=200&title=Lunch

Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol). 0.05 mg. Tocopherol, beta. 0.04 mg. Tocopherol, gamma. 0.42 mg. ...

https://www.completefoods.co/diy/ingredients/wheat-flour-white-industrial-115-protein-bleached-unenriched

The eight common vitamin E isoforms (alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherols and alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta- ... beta-Tocotrienol/beta-生育三烯酚/490-23-3 Specifications ... Vitamin E consists of four tocopherols and four tocotrienols ... Indeed, the tocotrienols in general may have greater physiological functions than tocopherols (2) and may even be inhibited by ... an unbalanced excess of alpha-tocopherol supplements (3). Matreya is pleased to offer this highly purified beta-tocotrienol ...

http://www.matreya.cn/list_29/415.html

Effects of supplemental beta-carotene, cigarette smoking, and alcohol consumption on serum carotenoids in the Alpha-Tocopherol ... Effect of simultaneous, single oral doses of beta-carotene with lutein or lycopene on the beta-carotene and retinyl ester ... It is shown that serum concentrations of non-beta-carotene carotenoids are altered by long-term beta-Carotene supplementation ... Plasma carotenoid response to chronic intake of selected foods and beta-carotene supplements in men.. *M. Micozzi, E. Brown, +5 ...

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Increased-consumption-of-dietary-cholesterol%2C-and-Vishwanathan-Gendron/c3e9cd42e64253360aa81305a53028fa33788583

The Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta Carotene Cancer Prevention Study Group. The effect of vitamin E and beta carotene on the incidence ... A randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of high-dose supplementation with vitamins C and E, beta carotene, and zinc ...

https://bpac.org.nz/BPJ/2015/September/macular-degeneration.aspx

It contains d-alpha, d-beta, d-gamma and d-delta tocopherols. ... Vitamin E (as d-alpha tocopherol). 268mg. 1787. Mixed ...

https://www.allstarhealth.com/f/deva_nutrition-vegan_vitamin_e_400iu.htm

Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) 1.021 mg. *Tocopherol, beta 0.038 mg. *Tocopherol, gamma 1.985 mg ...

http://www.acaloriecounter.com/food/macaroni-and-cheese-box-mix-with-cheese-sauce-prepared

Some of these include vitamin K, lutein, beta-carotene, nitrate, folate, kaempferol, and α-tocopherol. ...

https://foodrevolution.org/blog/what-are-collard-greens/

IMSEAR at SEARO: Lipid peroxide, beta-carotene and alpha-tocopherol in ischaemic stroke and effect of exogenous vitamin E supplementation on outcome. (who.int)
On day 1 and day 15 of stroke, levels of plasma lipid peroxide (oxidant) and plasma alpha-tocopherol and beta carotene (antioxidant) were estimated. (who.int)
High carotene carrots Beta III (left roots and slices, 240-280 mg . kg -1 carotenes), HCM (right roots and slices, 430-490 mg . kg -1 carotenes), and progenitor population of Beta III (center slices, 140 mg . kg -1 carotenes). (usda.gov)
Beta-carotene [ie, provitamin A] is converted to retinol but not rapidly enough for acute toxicity. (medscape.com)
It features natural and activated forms of vitamins, such as beta-carotene, cholecalciferol, folate as 5-MTHF (5-methyltetrahydrofolate), and B12 as methylcobalamin as well as patented Albion® chelated mineral complexes. (nutrimedical.com)
6] There are numerous reasons to select VitaMineralMIX: Complete, Minus Copper and Iron This formula features a wide variety of important nutrients in significant amounts, including calcium and magnesium, vitamins C and E, bioactive folate, B complex, beta-carotene, and trace elements. (nutrimedical.com)
We examined serum insulin, glucose, and indices of insulin resistance [insulin:glucose molar ratio and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)] and lung cancer risk using a case-cohort study within the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study of Finnish men. (aacrjournals.org)
Presently, alpha-tocopherol is often combined with other antioxidants and other forms of vitamin E. An in vitro study showed that the polyphenol naringenin and a carotenoids mixture (lycopene, beta-carotene and lutein) significantly impaired the absorption of alpha-tocopherol across a cell system model of the intestine (Caco-2 cells). (nutraingredients.com)
The main provitamin A carotenoids in the human diet are beta-carotene, alpha-carotene, and beta-cryptoxanthin [ 1 ]. (nih.gov)
The substances in question -ascorbyl palmitate, synthetic beta-carotene, a proprietary form of lutein, synthetic lycopene, synthetic l-carnitine, synthetic l-methionine, synthetic taurine, and nucleotides-all have organic alternatives, are not nutritionally necessary as additives, and might be difficult for the infant's body to process. (anh-usa.org)
In particular, ascorbyl palmitate (AP) and synthetic beta carotene are used as preservatives in infant formula to prevent them from oxidizing and becoming rancid. (anh-usa.org)
More to the point, organic alternatives exist for AP (such as rosemary extract and tocopherols) and also for synthetic beta carotene. (anh-usa.org)
Nature's Way beta carotene is 100% all natural from Dunaliella salina. (herbalremedies.com)
Beta Carotene is a potent and popular antioxidant found in plants and vegetables. (herbalremedies.com)
Beta carotene may be converted to Vitamin A in the liver. (herbalremedies.com)
With the aid of sunlight, nutrients including beta carotene and chlorophyll are made available to the body in a usable form. (herbalremedies.com)
Ingesting plant sterols interferes with beta-carotene and vitamin E absorption, resulting in lower blood levels of these nutrients. (peacehealth.org)
Pistachios are an excellent source of antioxidants, including lutein, beta-carotene, and gamma-tocopherol (Penn State News, 2010). (nuts.com)
Beta-carotene serves as a precursor to vitamin A, while gamma-tocopherol is used as a precursor to vitamin E. Both vitamin A and vitamin E themselves have very high antioxidant activity, making pistachios a great way to reap some of the oxidative damage-fighting effects of these vitamins. (nuts.com)
It is a rich source of beta-carotene and contains tocopherols and tocotrienols. (goldenagri.com.sg)
Plus it naturally contains alpha-tocopherol and other beneficial nutrients like beta carotene (which provides the red color tone). (naturecity.com)
MORETE OIL: Rich in vitamins A, C, and E, essential fatty acids, tocopherols, and carotenoids-especially beta-carotene-oil from this Amazonian fruit's flesh protects hair from damaging UVA rays. (bluemercury.com)
In a study published in The New England Journal of Medicine in 1994," reports The New York Times, "29,000 Finnish men, all smokers, had been given daily vitamin E, beta carotene, both or a placebo. (saveourbones.com)
Even more alarming (it would seem) are the results of a 2004 study that showed supplemental doses of vitamins A, C, and E, beta carotene, and selenium increased mortality. (saveourbones.com)
3 A 2012 Cochrane review indicated similar results: beta carotene and Vitamin E actually appeared to increase mortality among participants. (saveourbones.com)
In the 1994 study cited earlier, the participants - all Finnish smokers - were "randomly assigned" 50 mg of alpha-tocopherol (an antioxidant), 20 mg of beta carotene, both alpha-tocopherol and beta carotene, or a placebo. (saveourbones.com)
While the study reports that those participants who took the beta-carotene were more likely to die of lung cancer, there was no correction made that would allow for varying lifestyle habits, such as diet and exercise. (saveourbones.com)
In other words, there were plenty of other factors besides the beta-carotene supplements that could easily have tipped the scales in favor of developing lung cancer. (saveourbones.com)
There just wasn't enough information to draw the conclusion that beta-carotene increases lung cancer risk. (saveourbones.com)
In contrast, high beta-carotene levels were slightly protective against diabetes with an odds ratio of 0.6. (technologyreview.com)
Risk factors include a family history of SLE, other collagen diseases or asthma , 6 menstrual irregularity, 7 beginning menstruation at age 15 or later, 8 exposure to toxic chemicals, 9 and low blood levels of antioxidant nutrients, such as vitamin A and vitamin E , or beta-carotene . (kaiserpermanente.org)
Apples provide both soluble and insoluble fiber, Vitamin C and Beta-Carotene. (oldmotherhubbard.com)
Also a good natural source of beta-carotene, an antioxidant essential for neutralizing free radicals. (oldmotherhubbard.com)
Anstey AV. Systemic photoprotection with alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) and beta-carotene. (mdedge.com)
Beta-carotene and other carotenoids. (nutri-facts.org)
van Poppel G, Spanhaak S, Ockhuizen T. Effect of beta-carotene on immunological indexes in healthy male smokers. (nutri-facts.org)
The effect of beta-carotene supplementation on the immune function of blood monocytes from healthy male nonsmokers. (nutri-facts.org)
Beta-carotene-induced enhancement of natural killer cell activity in elderly men: an investigation of the role of cytokines. (nutri-facts.org)
Can dietary beta-carotene materially reduce human cancer rates? (nutri-facts.org)
High plasma levels of alpha- and beta-carotene are associated with a lower risk of atherosclerosis: results from the Bruneck study. (nutri-facts.org)
Buijsse B, Feskens EJ, Kwape L, Kok FJ, Kromhout D. Both alpha- and beta-carotene, but not tocopherols and vitamin C, are inversely related to 15-year cardiovascular mortality in Dutch elderly men. (nutri-facts.org)
The Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta Carotene Cancer Prevention Study Group. (fauquierent.net)
Total mortality was 8 percent higher (95 percent confidence interval, 1 to 16 percent) among the participants who received beta carotene than among those who did not, primarily because there were more deaths from lung cancer and ischemic heart disease. (fauquierent.net)
After an average of four years of supplementation, the combination of beta carotene and vitamin A had no benefit and may have had an adverse effect on the incidence of lung cancer and on the risk of death from lung cancer, cardiovascular disease. (fauquierent.net)
Beta-carotene and vitamin E seem to increase mortality, and so may higher doses of vitamin A. Antioxidant supplements need to be considered as medicinal products and should undergo sufficient evaluation before marketing. (fauquierent.net)
In this study, conducted by the National Eye Institute (NEI), patients who were at high risk of developing more advanced stages of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), reduced their risk by approximately 25% when treated with a high-dose combination of Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Beta-carotene, and zinc. (meschinohealth.com)
After 6.3 years of treatment the results showed that taking zinc alone (80 mg per day, plus 2mg of copper) or antioxidants alone (Vitamin C-500mg, Vitamin E-400 IU, Beta-carotene-25,000 IU per day) were effective interventions, but the best results occurred in those taking both antioxidant and zinc supplements at the above described doses. (meschinohealth.com)
Beta Carotene* (min. (naturalpetwarehouse.com)
Also known as Beta Carotene, used and converted by the body to produce vitamin A. A vitamin with a reputation for maintaining and revitalising your skin. (yourskinyourrules.eco)
Beta carotene and vitamin A are linked together, this is because beta carotene is readily converted into vitamin A by the body. (thecostaricanews.com)
However, beta carotene has similar, and different, benefits to the body than vitamin A does. (thecostaricanews.com)
Beta carotene is also nontoxic, unlike the performed vitamin A which is stored in the liver and can become toxic in large quantities. (thecostaricanews.com)
Beta carotene is found in dark, leafy greens, and in yellow and orange fruits, like oranges, cantaloupe and carrots. (thecostaricanews.com)
Beta carotene is within a group of carotenoids, which all have important antioxidant powers. (thecostaricanews.com)

In addition, the cosmetic industry utilizes almond oil for skin due to its rich quantities of beta-zoosterol, squalene, and alpha-tocopherol, which help to play a role in penetrating the skin surface and provide a moisturizing and rejuvenating effect. (lorealparisusa.com)

Vitamin E is a group of eight fat soluble compounds that include four tocopherols and four tocotrienols . (wikipedia.org)
Both the tocopherols and tocotrienols occur in α (alpha), β (beta), γ (gamma) and δ (delta) forms, as determined by the number and position of methyl groups on the chromanol ring. (wikipedia.org)
The same configurations exist for the tocotrienols, except that the hydrophobic side chain has three carbon-carbon double bonds whereas the tocopherols have a saturated side chain. (wikipedia.org)
In addition to distinguishing tocopherols and tocotrienols by position of methyl groups, the tocopherols have a phytyl tail with three chiral points or centers that can have a right or left orientation. (wikipedia.org)
Whole foods with a combination of all of the tocopherols and tocotrienols are best. (alsearsmd.com)
Look for a supplement that includes a combination of tocopherols and tocotrienols. (alsearsmd.com)
Vitamin E consists of four tocopherols and four tocotrienols that demonstrate important and far reaching biological activities. (matreya.cn)
The eight common vitamin E isoforms (alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherols and alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocotrienols) are differentiated based on the number and position of methyl groups on the chromanol ring and the presence of a saturated or unsaturated side chain. (matreya.cn)
The unsaturated side chain in tocotrienols gives them physical properties different from tocopherols, such as an increased ability to cross the cell membrane bilayer (1). (matreya.cn)
Indeed, the tocotrienols in general may have greater physiological functions than tocopherols (2) and may even be inhibited by an unbalanced excess of alpha-tocopherol supplements (3). (matreya.cn)
E-Gems Elite blends the entire vitamin E family, including eight forms of tocopherols and tocotrienols. (needs.com)
High-Dietary Alpha-Tocopherol or Mixed Tocotrienols Have No Effect on Bone Mass, Density, or Turnover in Male Rats During Skeletal Maturation. (oregonstate.edu)
People with decreased mental function and Alzheimer's disease are more likely to have low blood levels of vitamin E tocopherols and tocotrienols, suggest new findings from an international team of researchers. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
"This clinical study is definitely the first that I have seen, where the effects were evaluated in total, which is the beneficial effects point to tocopherols, tocotrienols, vitamin Es (all isomers combined), not just only to alpha-tocopherol," he told NutraIngredients-USA. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
The data indicated that people with Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment had lower blood levels of total tocopherols, total tocotrienols, and total vitamin E. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
After crunching the numbers, the researchers calculated that people with both forms of cognitive decline were 85% less likely to have the highest average levels of total tocopherols and total vitamin E. In addition, they were 92% and 94%, respectively, less likely to have the highest average levels of total tocotrienols. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
This suggests that all tocotrienols, except beta-tocotrienol, and gamma-tocopherol afford the strongest protection to cognitive impairment. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
The study was also welcomed by WH Leong, VP of tocotrienol supplier Carotech Inc. "We now know that each and every vitamin E form, tocopherols and tocotrienols, are required for preserving cognitive functions, especially in older people," he said. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
The vitamin E family is comprised of eight chemically distinct compounds: four tocopherols and four tocotrienols - alpha, beta, gamma, and delta. (ralphs.com)
Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols by having an unsaturated side tail that results that results in significantly different biological activities. (ralphs.com)
For example, the green parts of a plant contain mostly alpha tocopherol and the seed germ and bran contain mostly tocotrienols. (enjoyhealthfoods.com)
Along with other nutrients, tocopherols and tocotrienols are concentrated in thebran layers of the rye grain, and are only present at low levels in the flour endosperm. (enjoyhealthfoods.com)
In a human study that combined gamma tocopherol with sesame lignans, gamma tocopherol/sesamewas 25% more effective than gamma tocopherol/tocotrienols in suppressing tissue measurements for free radical and inflammatory damage. (enjoyhealthfoods.com)
Since tocotrienols are considered nature's most potent antioxidants, the fact that low-cost gamma tocopherol with sesame is more effective is a remarkable finding. (enjoyhealthfoods.com)
Vitamin E actually isn't just one vitamin but is a group of substances called tocopherols and tocotrienols. (vitalabo.com)
Natural source of traditional vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) as well as other forms of vitamin E known as tocotrienols - which may be more potent and are difficult to get from diet alone. (naturecity.com)
The little known fact is vitamin E is actually a family of eight different compounds that include four tocopherols (alpha, beta, delta and gamma) and four tocotrienols (alpha, beta, delta and gamma). (naturecity.com)
The exciting news is that emerging science is demonstrating that tocotrienols appear to have much greater antioxidant activity once inside cell membranes and tissue, and may offer many more health benefits than alpha-tocopherol alone. (naturecity.com)
Fortunately, nature offers an all-in-one source of alpha-tocopherol and the four tocotrienols. (naturecity.com)
Full-Spectrum Tocopherols and Tocotrienols plus beta -Sitosterol and Squalenes. (vitazan.com)

This formula provides potent doses ofgamma tocopherol along with sesame lignan extract to augment the antioxidant effects of gammatocopherol. (enjoyhealthfoods.com)

Alpha-tocopherol is a lipid-soluble antioxidant functioning within the glutathione peroxidase pathway, [15] and protecting cell membranes from oxidation by reacting with lipid radicals produced in the lipid peroxidation chain reaction . (wikipedia.org)
R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol is a fat-soluble antioxidant vitamin generally ingested with other dietary antioxidants. (nutraingredients.com)
E Complex-1:1 is a 1:1 ratio of alpha and gamma tocopherols, which provides antioxidant support. (acuatlanta.net)
This formula is designed to provide the antioxidant benefits that come from consuming a comprehensive family of tocopherols. (acuatlanta.net)
Tocopherol atsetatimeet antioxidant effect. (raskraskin.ru)

These essential lipids contain a common chromanol ring and either a saturated (tocopherol) or unsaturated (tocotrienol) side chain. (matreya.cn)
Matreya is pleased to offer this highly purified beta-tocotrienol standard for your research needs. (matreya.cn)
The tocopherol and tocotrienol subfamilies are each composed of alpha, beta, gamma, and delta fractions having unique biological effects. (enjoyhealthfoods.com)

Consuming 140 gram of broccoli offers 197.5 µg of Vitamin K (phylloquinone), 90.9 mg of Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid), 151 µg of Vitamin B9 (Folate, Folic acid), 0.28 mg of Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine), 0.862 mg of Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic acid), 108 µg of Vitamin A, 2.03 mg of Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol), 94 mg of Phosphorus, P and 0.172 mg of Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin). (healthbenefitstimes.com)
Fuchs J, Kern H. Modulation of UV-light-induced skin inflammation by D-alpha-tocopherol and L-ascorbic acid: a clinical study using solar simulated radiation. (mdedge.com)
The present invention pertains to a six compound pharmaceutical formulation and its process of making comprising of antituberculosis agents like Rifampicin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, and Ethambutal with addition of antioxidants such as d-alpha tocopherol or tocopheryl acetate and pharmaceutically accepted salts thereof and ascorbic acid in required therapeutic quantities for use in treatment of tuberculosis in mammals. (farmavita.net)

Increased consumption of dietary cholesterol, lutein, and zeaxanthin as egg yolks does not decrease serum concentrations and lipoprotein distribution of other carotenoids, retinol, and tocopherols. (semanticscholar.org)

The absorption of alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) may be reduced by 36 per cent when the vitamin is ingested simultaneously with other antioxidants like carotenoids, suggests new research from France. (nutraingredients.com)
This suggested that all of these antioxidants could be included in formulations with alpha-tocopherol without detrimental effects on absorption. (nutraingredients.com)
Mixed tocopherols are commonly used antioxidants in dietary supplements. (zinzino.com)
The present invention further demonstrates mycobactericidal activity of antioxidants such as d-alpha tocopherol and tocopheryl acetate. (farmavita.net)
With Alpha-Tocopherol being the most potent of Antioxidants within Tocopherols, Gamma-Tocopherols being shown to inhibit the formation of Cytokines! (yourskinyourrules.eco)
Neuroprotective agents include vitamin B12 analogs and alpha-tocopherol, NOS inhibitors, antioxidants (e.g. glutathione, superoxide dismutase), metals like cobalt, neurotrophic receptors (Akt kinase) and growth factors. (erowid.org)

Mixed tocopherols are generally considered as ingredients that are intended to be consumed as part of the diet and contain vitamin E, they offer the potential to enhance health or reduced risk of diseases. (marketsandmarkets.com)
In the rest of the Asia Pacific region, the increasing income levels and high demand for better quality ingredients are triggering the demand for tocopherol-based supplements and other foods. (marketresearch.com)
Ingredients: Vitamin E (d-alpha-tocopherol) 400 IU, gamma-Tocopherol 270 mg, delta-Tocopherol 98 mg, beta-Tocopherol 6 mg. (acuatlanta.net)

E Complex-1:1 is an unesterified vitamin E formula that provides d-alpha-tocopherol combined with a mixed tocopherol blend, achieving a one-to-one ratio of alpha- to gamma-tocopherols. (acuatlanta.net)
This formulation provides natural Vitamin E, as d Alpha Tocopherol plus d Beta, d Delta and d Gamma Tocopherols. (achasoda.com)

Are low levels of carotenoids and alpha-tocopherol risk factors for myocardial infarction? (nutri-facts.org)

Vitamin E has become synonymous with the compound known as "alpha-tocopherol" because it's the form of vitamin E principally found in most of the foods we eat in the USA. (naturecity.com)
For the gamma-tocopherol form of vitamin E the odds ratio was 1.5. (technologyreview.com)

4) Vitamin E from a mixed tocopherol complex: The complete family of tocopherols (alpha, beta, delta, and gamma) are included in this formula the way nature intended. (forresthealth.com)

According to the USDA cashews also contain vitamin C , B- vitamins, thiamin, riboflavin , niacin ), folate, and vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol), and vitamin K (phylloquinone). (organicfacts.net)

Drying a fresh lutein-enriched egg-yolk beverage would extend its shelf life, however, functional properties should not be affected and no significant change in serum cholesterol level was seen in the beverages containing luteIn-en enriched egg-Yolk compared to the control drink. (semanticscholar.org)
The men consumed an alpha-tocopherol-rich meal (24 mg in sunflower oil) in the presence of two doses of lutein (18 or 36 mg). (nutraingredients.com)
The highest dose of lutein had the greatest impact on the post-meal alpha-tocopherol absorption measurement (616280 versus 1001287 nanomoles per litre per hour), said the researchers. (nutraingredients.com)

Further study is needed to confirm these results, with additional human absorption studies and mechanistic research to highlight how the other nutrients may impact negatively on alpha-tocopherol absorption. (nutraingredients.com)

While alpha tocopherol inhibits free radical production, gammatocopherol is required to trap and neutralize existing free radicals. (enjoyhealthfoods.com)
Moringa oil contains three types of vitamin E, including alpha-Tocopherol, beta-Tocopherol, and delta- Tocopherol, which may protect the cells against damage due to free radicals. (doctorshealthpress.com)

The global market is driven by the growing health consciousness & increased life expectancy among consumers, rising cases of chronic diseases, and applications of mixed tocopherols in feed, food & beverage, and dietary supplements. (marketsandmarkets.com)
In Australia, health supplements containing tocopherols are becoming popular because of increasing awareness regarding health and natural products. (marketresearch.com)
[8] Both natural and synthetic tocopherols are subject to oxidation, and so in dietary supplements are esterified , creating tocopheryl acetate for stability purposes. (wikipedia.org)
Alpha-tocopherol is the main source found in supplements and in the European diet, while gamma-tocopherol is the most common form in the American diet. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
There are a total of four different tocopherols that are present in our product: D-alpha, D-beta, D-gamma and D-delta, as opposed to the commonly found single d-alpha supplements on the market. (nhc.com)
Most commercial vitamin E supplements contain little, if any, gamma tocopherol. (enjoyhealthfoods.com)

Mixed tocopherols are widely used as a source of vitamin E by pharmaceutical and dietary supplement manufacturing companies. (marketsandmarkets.com)
As of 2016, consumption was below recommendations according to a worldwide summary of more than one hundred studies that reported a median dietary intake of 6.2 mg per day for alpha-tocopherol. (wikipedia.org)
[5] Research with alpha-tocopherol as a dietary supplement , with daily amounts as high as 2,000 mg per day, has had mixed results. (wikipedia.org)
2017. Metabolic syndrome increases dietary α-tocopherol requirements as assessed using urinary and plasma vitamin E catabolites: a double-blind, crossover clinical trial. . (oregonstate.edu)

2015. α-Tocopherol disappearance rates from plasma depend on lipid concentrations: studies using deuterium-labeled collard greens in younger and older adults. . (oregonstate.edu)

Alpha-tocopherol is the only form being tested in such trials, however, and the new study is said to be the first to evaluate all the forms of vitamin E in relation to Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
Prestigious scientific journals have highlighted gamma tocopherol as one of the most critically important forms of vitamin E for those seeking optimal health benefits. (enjoyhealthfoods.com)

Natural: Tocopherols (for freshness). (zinzino.com)

Deuterium-labeled phylloquinone fed to α-tocopherol-injected rats demonstrates sensitivity of low phylloquinone-containing tissues to menaquinone-4 depletion. (oregonstate.edu)
ω-Hydroxylation of phylloquinone by CYP4F2 is not increased by α-tocopherol. (oregonstate.edu)

Men taking beta-sitosterol, a compound found in many edible plants, have reported improved BPH symptoms and urinary flow. (peacehealth.org)

2015. α-Tocopherol supplementation reduces 5-nitro-γ-tocopherol accumulation by decreasing γ-tocopherol in young adult smokers. . (oregonstate.edu)
2013. γ-Tocopherol-rich supplementation additively improves vascular endothelial function during smoking cessation. . (oregonstate.edu)
In fact, studies show the combination of alpha- and gamma-tocopherol supplementation appears to be superior to either supplementation alone on biomarkers of oxidative stress and on inflammatory factors. (enjoyhealthfoods.com)

Deva's great supplement offers 400IU of Vitamin E with mixed tocopherols derived from a plant source (i.e. non-GMO sunflowers). (nhc.com)
If you are not getting enough Vitamin E in your diet, or if you feel that an additional supplement could help, taking a vegan 400IU plant source Vitamin E with mixed tocopherols can be an excellent idea. (nhc.com)
Life Extension has fortified the popular Gamma E Tocopherol supplement with standardized sesamelignans. (enjoyhealthfoods.com)

The α-tocopherol transfer protein is essential for vertebrate embryogenesis. (oregonstate.edu)

Anatomy4

Organisms4

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs46

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment1

Phenomena and Processes5

Technology, Industry, Agriculture4

Information Science1

Isolation and characterization of homogentisate phytyltransferase genes from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and Arabidopsis. (1/7)

Characterization of gamma-tocopherol methyltransferases from Capsicum annuum L and Arabidopsis thaliana. (2/7)

The cytotoxicity of vitamin E is both vitamer- and cell-specific and involves a selectable trait. (3/7)

Dietary alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-tocopherols in lung cancer risk. (4/7)

Dietary beta-tocopherol and linoleic acid, serum insulin, and waist circumference predict circulating sex hormone-binding globulin in premenopausal women. (5/7)

Replacement of alpha-tocopherol by beta-tocopherol enhances resistance to photooxidative stress in a xanthophyll-deficient strain of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. (6/7)

Implications for degenerative disorders: antioxidative activity, total phenols, flavonoids, ascorbic acid, beta-carotene and beta-tocopherol in Aloe vera. (7/7)

Tocopherols

gamma-Tocopherol

Vitamin E

Tocotrienols

alpha-Tocopherol

Vitamin E Deficiency

Carotenoids

beta-Tocopherol

Interleukin-1beta

4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate Dioxygenase

Intramolecular Transferases

Antioxidants

Vitamin A

beta 2-Microglobulin

beta Carotene

Receptors, Adrenergic, beta

Integrin beta3

Abetalipoproteinemia

Plastoquinone

Chromans

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid

Xanthophylls

Plant Oils

Sesamum

Transforming Growth Factor beta

Homogentisic Acid

Lutein

Lettuce

Ascorbic Acid

Integrin alpha5beta1

Integrin beta4

Alkyl and Aryl Transferases

Brassica rapa

Integrin alpha6beta4

Integrin beta Chains

beta 2-Glycoprotein I

Dietary Supplements

F2-Isoprostanes

Pyrogallol

Integrin alpha4beta1

Integrin alpha2beta1

Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2

Seeds

Dimethylallyltranstransferase

Cells, Cultured

Vitamins

Phytol

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug

Erythrocytes

Cell Line

Integrins

Interleukin-1

Antigens, CD29

Integrin alpha6beta1

Base Sequence

RNA, Messenger

Arabidopsis

Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1

Kinetics

Hexanes

Integrin alpha1beta1

Oxidation-Reduction

Oxidative Stress

Isolation and characterization of homogentisate phytyltransferase genes from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and Arabidopsis. (1/7)

Characterization of gamma-tocopherol methyltransferases from Capsicum annuum L and Arabidopsis thaliana. (2/7)

The cytotoxicity of vitamin E is both vitamer- and cell-specific and involves a selectable trait. (3/7)

Dietary alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-tocopherols in lung cancer risk. (4/7)

Dietary beta-tocopherol and linoleic acid, serum insulin, and waist circumference predict circulating sex hormone-binding globulin in premenopausal women. (5/7)

Replacement of alpha-tocopherol by beta-tocopherol enhances resistance to photooxidative stress in a xanthophyll-deficient strain of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. (6/7)

Implications for degenerative disorders: antioxidative activity, total phenols, flavonoids, ascorbic acid, beta-carotene and beta-tocopherol in Aloe vera. (7/7)

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