Beta particles. Medical search

High energy POSITRONS or ELECTRONS ejected from a disintegrating atomic nucleus.

Isotopes that exhibit radioactivity and undergo radioactive decay. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed & McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

The amount of radiation energy that is deposited in a unit mass of material, such as tissues of plants or animal. In RADIOTHERAPY, radiation dosage is expressed in gray units (Gy). In RADIOLOGIC HEALTH, the dosage is expressed by the product of absorbed dose (Gy) and quality factor (a function of linear energy transfer), and is called radiation dose equivalent in sievert units (Sv).

The measurement of radiation by photography, as in x-ray film and film badge, by Geiger-Mueller tube, and by SCINTILLATION COUNTING.

Relating to the size of solids.

An interleukin-1 subtype that is synthesized as an inactive membrane-bound pro-protein. Proteolytic processing of the precursor form by CASPASE 1 results in release of the active form of interleukin-1beta from the membrane.

Uranium. A radioactive element of the actinide series of metals. It has an atomic symbol U, atomic number 92, and atomic weight 238.03. U-235 is used as the fissionable fuel in nuclear weapons and as fuel in nuclear power reactors.

Sulfur hexafluoride. An inert gas used mainly as a test gas in respiratory physiology. Other uses include its injection in vitreoretinal surgery to restore the vitreous chamber and as a tracer in monitoring the dispersion and deposition of air pollutants.

Created 1 January 1993 as a result of the division of Czechoslovakia into the Czech Republic and Slovakia.

Works containing information articles on subjects in every field of knowledge, usually arranged in alphabetical order, or a similar work limited to a special field or subject. (From The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)

Inorganic salts of hydrofluoric acid, HF, in which the fluorine atom is in the -1 oxidation state. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed) Sodium and stannous salts are commonly used in dentifrices.

The pressure at any point in an atmosphere due solely to the weight of the atmospheric gases above the point concerned.

Compounds formed by the joining of smaller, usually repeating, units linked by covalent bonds. These compounds often form large macromolecules (e.g., BIOPOLYMERS; PLASTICS).

A plant genus of the family Plantaginaceae. The small plants usually have a dense tuft of basal leaves and long, leafless stalks bearing a terminal spike of small flowers. The seeds, known as PSYLLIUM, swell in water and are used as laxatives. The leaves have been used medicinally.

Serologic tests based on inactivation of complement by the antigen-antibody complex (stage 1). Binding of free complement can be visualized by addition of a second antigen-antibody system such as red cells and appropriate red cell antibody (hemolysin) requiring complement for its completion (stage 2). Failure of the red cells to lyse indicates that a specific antigen-antibody reaction has taken place in stage 1. If red cells lyse, free complement is present indicating no antigen-antibody reaction occurred in stage 1.

High molecular weight polysaccharides present in the cell walls of all plants. Pectins cement cell walls together. They are used as emulsifiers and stabilizers in the food industry. They have been tried for a variety of therapeutic uses including as antidiarrheals, where they are now generally considered ineffective, and in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.

A plant species of the family APIACEAE. The stalks are a food source.

Viruses infecting man and other vertebrates.

The study of the development of an organism during the embryonic and fetal stages of life.

Cellular effects of beta-particle delivery on vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells: a dose-response study. (1/140)

BACKGROUND: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact cellular alterations induced by beta irradiation remain to be elucidated. METHODS AND RESULTS: We investigated in vitro the ability of 32P-labeled oligonucleotides to alter (1) proliferation of human and porcine vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and human coronary artery endothelial cells (ECs), (2) cell cycle progression, (3) cell viability and apoptosis, (4) cell migration, and (5) cell phenotype and morphological features. beta radiation significantly reduced proliferation of VSMCs (ED50 1.10 Gy) and ECs (ED50 2.15 Gy) in a dose-dependent manner. Exposure to beta emission interfered with cell cycle progression, with induction of G0/G1 arrest in VSMCs, without evidence of cell viability alteration, apoptosis, or ultrastructural changes. This strategy also proved to efficiently inhibit VSMC migration by 80% and induce contractile phenotype appearance, as shown by the predominance of alpha-actin immunostaining in beta-irradiated cells compared with control cells. CONCLUSIONS: 32P-labeled oligonucleotide was highly effective in inhibiting proliferation of both VSMCs and ECs in a dose-dependent fashion, with ECs showing a higher resistance to these effects. beta irradiation-induced G1 arrest was not associated with cytotoxicity and apoptosis, thus demonstrating a potent cytostatic effect of beta-based therapy. This effect, coupled to that on VSMC migration inhibition and the appearance of a contractile phenotype, reinforced the potential of ionizing radiation to prevent neointima formation after angioplasty. (+info)

Effects of intracoronary beta-radiation therapy after coronary angioplasty: an intravascular ultrasound study. (2/140)

BACKGROUND: Endovascular radiation is emerging as a potential solution for the prevention and treatment of restenosis. Its effects on the morphology of unstented vessels cannot be determined by angiography and therefore require the use of intravascular ultrasound. METHODS AND RESULTS: Through a 5F noncentered catheter for delivery of a 90Sr/Y source train, 12, 14, or 16 Gy at 2 mm was delivered to native coronary arteries after successful balloon angioplasty in 30 patients. Four patients required stent deployment in the first week. Quantitative coronary angiography and IVUS were performed during the initial procedure and at 6-month follow-up. Binary angiographic restenosis was present in 3 of 30 patients, with target lesion and vessel revascularization performed in 3 and 5 patients, respectively. Angiographic late loss was -0.02+/-0.60 mm, with a -0.09+/-0.46 loss index. IVUS demonstrated no significant reduction in lumen area (from 5.69+/-1.72 mm2 after treatment to 6. 04+/-2.63 mm2 at follow-up), with no significant change in external elastic membrane area (13.71+/-4.54 to 14.22+/-4.71 mm2) over the 6-month follow-up. Wall area was 8.01+/-3.85 mm2 after radiation therapy and 8.19+/-3.44 mm2 at follow-up (P=NS). No significant differences were noted between the different dose groups. CONCLUSIONS: beta-Radiation therapy resulted in a low restenosis rate with negligible late loss by angiography. By IVUS, beta-radiation was shown to inhibit neointima formation, with no reduction of total vessel area at 6-month follow-up. (+info)

Bremsstrahlung radiation exposure from pure beta-ray emitters. (3/140)

With increasing therapeutic use of radionuclides that emit relatively high-energy (>1 MeV) beta-rays and the production in vivo of bremsstrahlung sufficient for external imaging, the potential external radiation hazard warrants evaluation. METHODS: The exposure from a patient administered beta-ray-emitting radionuclides has been calculated by extending the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurement model of a point source in air to account for biologic elimination of activity, the probability of bremsstrahlung production in vivo and its mean energy and the absorption by the patient's body of the bremsstrahlung thus produced. To facilitate such calculations, a quantity called the "specific bremsstrahlung constant" (in C/kg-cm2/MBq-h), betaBr, was devised and calculated for several radionuclides. The specific bremsstrahlung constant is the bremsstrahlung exposure rate (in C/kg/h) in air at 1 cm from a 1 MBq beta-ray emitter of a specified maximum beta-ray energy and frequency of emission in a medium of a specified effective atomic number. RESULTS: For pure beta-ray emitters, the retained activities at which patients can be released from medical confinement (i.e., below which the effective dose equivalent at 1 m will not exceed the maximum recommended value of 0.5 cSv for infrequently exposed members of the general public) are extremely large: on the order of hundreds of thousands to millions of megabecquerels. CONCLUSION: Radionuclide therapy with pure beta-ray emitters, even high-energy beta-ray emitters emitted in bone, does not require medical confinement of patients for radiation protection. (+info)

Geometric vascular remodeling after balloon angioplasty and beta-radiation therapy: A three-dimensional intravascular ultrasound study. (4/140)

BACKGROUND: Endovascular radiation appears to inhibit intimal thickening after overstretching balloon injury in animal models. The effect of brachytherapy on vascular remodeling is unknown. The aim of the study was to determine the evolution of coronary vessel dimensions after intracoronary irradiation after successful balloon angioplasty in humans. METHODS AND RESULTS: Twenty-one consecutive patients treated with balloon angioplasty and beta-radiation according to the Beta Energy Restenosis Trial-1.5 were included in the study. Volumetric assessment of the irradiated segment and both edges was performed after brachytherapy and at 6-month follow-up. Intravascular ultrasound images were acquired by means of ECG-triggered pullback, and 3-D reconstruction was performed by automated edge detection, allowing the calculation of lumen, plaque, and external elastic membrane (EEM) volumes. In the irradiated segments, mean EEM and plaque volumes increased significantly (451+/-128 to 490.9+/-159 mm(3) and 201.2+/-59 to 241.7+/-74 mm(3); P=0.01 and P=0.001, respectively), whereas luminal volume remained unchanged (250.8+/-91 to 249.2+/-102 mm(3); P=NS). The edges demonstrated an increase in mean plaque volume (26.8+/-12 to 32. 6+/-10 mm(3), P=0.0001) and no net change in mean EEM volume (71. 4+/-24 to 70.9+/-24 mm(3), P=NS), resulting in a decrease in mean luminal volume (44.6+/-16 to 38.3+/-16 mm(3), P=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: A different pattern of remodeling is observed in coronary segments treated with beta-radiation after successful balloon angioplasty. In the irradiated segments, the adaptive increase of EEM volume appears to be the major contributor to the luminal volume at follow-up. Conversely, both edges showed an increase in plaque volume without a net change in EEM volume. (+info)

Preserved endothelium-dependent vasodilation in coronary segments previously treated with balloon angioplasty and intracoronary irradiation. (5/140)

BACKGROUND: Abnormal endothelium-dependent coronary vasomotion has been reported after balloon angioplasty (BA), as well as after intracoronary radiation. However, the long-term effect on coronary vasomotion is not known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term vasomotion of coronary segments treated with BA and brachytherapy. METHODS AND RESULTS: Patients with single de novo lesions treated either with BA followed by intracoronary beta-irradiation (according to the Beta Energy Restenosis Trial-1.5) or with BA alone were eligible. Of these groups, those patients in stable condition who returned for 6-month angiographic follow-up formed the study population (n=19, irradiated group and n=11, control group). Endothelium-dependent coronary vasomotion was assessed by selective infusion of serial doses of acetylcholine (ACh) proximally to the treated area. Mean luminal diameter was calculated by quantitative coronary angiography both in the treated area and in distal segments. Endothelial dysfunction was defined as a vasoconstriction after the maximal dose of ACh (10(-6) mol/L). Seventeen irradiated segments (89.5%) demonstrated normal endothelial function. In contrast, 10 distal nonirradiated segments (53%) and 5 control segments (45%) demonstrated endothelium-dependent vasoconstriction (-19+/-17% and -9.0+/-5%, respectively). Mean percentage of change in mean luminal diameter after ACh was significantly higher in irradiated segments (P=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Endothelium-dependent vasomotion of coronary segments treated with BA followed by beta-radiation is restored in the majority of stable patients at 6-month follow-up. This functional response appeared to be better than those documented both in the distal segments and in segments treated with BA alone. (+info)

beta-Particle-emitting radioactive stent implantation. A safety and feasibility study. (6/140)

BACKGROUND: This study represents the Heart Center Rotterdam's contribution to the Isostents for Restenosis Intervention Study, a nonrandomized multicenter trial evaluating the safety and feasibility of the radioactive Isostent in patients with single coronary artery disease. Restenosis after stent implantation is primarily caused by neointimal hyperplasia. In animal studies, beta-particle-emitting radioactive stents decrease neointimal hyperplasia by inhibiting smooth muscle cell proliferation. METHODS AND RESULTS: The radioisotope (32)P, a beta-particle emitter with a half-life of 14.3 days, was directly embedded into the Isostent. The calculated range of radioactivity was 0.75 to 1.5 microCi. Quantitative coronary angiography measurements were performed before and after the procedure and at 6-month follow-up. A total of 31 radioactive stents were used in 26 patients; 30 (97%) were successfully implanted, and 1 was embolized. Treated lesions were in the left anterior descending coronary artery (n=12), the right coronary artery (n=8), or the left circumflex coronary artery (n=6). Five patients received additional, nonradioactive stents. Treated lesion lengths were 13+/-4 mm, with a reference diameter of 2.93+/-0. 47 mm. Minimum lumen diameter increased from 0.87+/-0.28 mm preprocedure to 2.84+/-0.35 mm postprocedure. No in-hospital adverse cardiac events occurred. All patients received aspirin indefinitely and ticlopidine for 4 weeks. Twenty-three patients (88%) returned for 6-month angiographic follow-up; 17% of them had in-stent restenosis, and 13% had repeat revascularization. No restenosis was observed at the stent edges. Minimum lumen diameter at follow-up averaged 1.85+/-0.69 mm, which resulted in a late loss of 0.99+/-0. 59 mm and a late loss index of 0.53+/-0.35. No other major cardiac events occurred during the 6-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The use of radioactive stents with an activity of 0.75 to 1.5 microCi is safe and feasible. (+info)

Effects of intracoronary radiation on thrombosis after balloon overstretch injury in the porcine model. (7/140)

BACKGROUND: The main complications of PTCA remain thrombosis and restenosis. Recent studies have demonstrated reduction in the neointimal hyperplasia after intracoronary radiation (IR) with doses of 10 to 25 Gy of ionizing radiation delivered by either beta- or gamma-emitters to injured vessels. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of ionizing radiation on the thrombosis rate (TR) of injured porcine coronary arteries. METHODS AND RESULTS: Thirty-four juvenile swine (63 coronary arteries) were subjected to overstretch balloon injury followed by IR with doses of 0 to 18 Gy of either beta- or gamma-radiation. Two weeks after treatment, tissue sections were perfusion-fixed, stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Verhoeff-van Gieson's stain, and analyzed for presence of a thrombus, thrombus morphology, and neointima formation by computer-assisted histomorphometry techniques. Although the overall TR increased dose-dependently from 0 to 18 Gy prescribed dose, luminal thrombi decreased. Thrombus area also decreased with increasing radiation dose, whether assessed at the prescription point or at the luminal surface, which corresponded to decreased intimal area. Furthermore, luminal thrombi present after IR tended to consist mostly of fibrin and thus were less organized than in controls. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that IR induces thrombosis but does not necessarily compromise the lumen. Strategies for reducing TR may further decrease intimal area as well as increasing the safety of this therapy. (+info)

Short- and intermediate-term results of (32)P radioactive beta-emitting stent implantation in patients with coronary artery disease: The Milan Dose-Response Study. (8/140)

BACKGROUND: Radioactive (32)P beta-emitting stents have been shown to reduce intrastent neointimal hyperplasia in a substantial dose-related manner in the animal model. The aim of this dose-response study was to evaluate, in the clinical setting, the safety and efficacy at 6-month follow-up of this approach to reducing restenosis. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 122 (32)P radioactive beta-emitting stents (initially the Palmaz-Schatz and later the BX Isostent) with an activity level of 0.75 to 3.0 microCi (group 1), 3.0 to 6.0 microCi (group 2), and 6.0 to 12.0 microCi (group 3) were implanted in 91 lesions in 82 patients. There were no procedural events. At 6-month follow-up, no deaths had occurred, and only 1 patient had stent thrombosis. Pure intrastent binary restenosis was 16% in group 1, 3% in group 2, and 0% in group 3. However, intralesion restenosis was 52% in group 1, 41% in group 2, and 50% in group 3. CONCLUSIONS: The use of (32)P radioactive beta-emitting stents in patients with CAD is feasible. At 6-month follow-up, intrastent neointimal hyperplasia was reduced in a dose-related manner. However, in the 3 groups, intralesion restenosis was high because of a high late lumen loss in the reference segments at the stent edges, possibly as a result of a low activity level of radiation at the edges of the stent combined with an aggressive approach to stenting. We called this "edge effect" the "candy wrapper." (+info)

A beta particle, also called beta ray or beta radiation (symbol β), is a high-energy, high-speed electron or positron emitted ... Although the beta particles given off by different radioactive materials vary in energy, most beta particles can be stopped by ... He found that e/m for a beta particle is the same as for Thomson's electron, and therefore suggested that the beta particle is ... Strontium-90 is the material most commonly used to produce beta particles. Beta particles are also used in quality control to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_particle

... see beta particle). The fission products were at first mistaken for new elements with atomic numbers 93 and 94, which the Dean ... 239U decays by beta emission to neptunium-239, also a beta-emitter, that decays in its turn, within a few days into plutonium- ... Particles with short residence times in a calciner will generally be less oxidized than those with long retention times or ... It is also expected that thorium-232 should be able to undergo double beta decay, which would produce uranium-232, but this has ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranium

For alpha particles, low energy beta particles, and low energy X-rays, the usual form is a cylindrical end-window tube. This ... It is used for the detection of gamma radiation, X-rays, and alpha and beta particles. It can also be adapted to detect ... Alpha particles are also attenuated by the window. As alpha particles have a maximum range of less than 50 mm in air, the ... such as between alpha and beta particles. A G-M tube consists of a chamber filled with a gas mixture at a low pressure of about ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geiger–Müller_tube

Radium 228 emits beta particles, and is also a concern for human health through inhalation and ingestion. Beta particles are ... The alpha particle is not the most dangerous particle associated with NORM, as an external hazard. Alpha particles are ... Beta particles are high energy electrons or positrons. They are in the middle of the scale in terms of ionizing potential and ... Alpha and beta particles are harmful once inside the body. Breathing NORM contaminates from dusts should be prevented by ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturally_occurring_radioactive_material

The electron or positron emissions are called beta particles. Beta decay either increases or decreases the atomic number of the ... Electrons, like other particles, have properties of both a particle and a wave. The electron cloud is a region inside the ... Each particle of matter has a corresponding antimatter particle with the opposite electrical charge. Thus, the positron is a ... Particle Data Group (2002). "The Particle Adventure". Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory. Archived from the original on 4 January ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom

... much more so than heavier particles. Beta particle tracks are therefore crooked. In addition to producing secondary electrons ( ... Electrons produced in nuclear decay are called beta particles. Because of their low mass relative to atoms, they are strongly ... The transfer of energy from an uncharged primary particle to charged secondary particles can also be described by using the ... and the heavier nuclei called HZE ions found in cosmic rays or produced by particle accelerators. These particles cause ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_energy_transfer

Particle radiation includes alpha and beta particles and neutrons. When humans and animals are exposed to high radiation levels ... Radiation is given off by matter as either rays or waves of pure energy or high-speed particles. Rays or waves of energy, also ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_toxicology

As with beta and gamma particles/rays, the name used for the particle carries some mild connotations about its production ... N.B. Since gamma rays are electromagnetic (light) they move at the speed of light (c). Beta particles often move at a large ... with the smallest of the charged particles most probably (90% probability) being an alpha particle. Such alpha particles are ... Alpha nuclide Alpha process (Also known as alpha-capture, or the alpha-ladder) Beta particle Cosmic rays Helion, the nucleus of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_particle

It decays by emitting beta (β) particles and gamma (γ) radiation. About 96% of 192Ir decays occur via emission of β and γ ... Some of the β particles are captured by other 192Ir nuclei, which are then converted to 192Os. Electron capture is responsible ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_iridium

Particle detection of alpha and beta can be used in both integral and two-piece designs. A pancake probe (for alpha/beta) is ... For α-particles and low energy β-particles, the "end-window" type of a Geiger-Müller tube has to be used, as these particles ... It detects ionizing radiation such as alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays using the ionization effect produced in a ... particularly with high energy β-particles. However, for discrimination between α- and β-particles or provision of particle ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geiger_counter

... with special reference to counting alpha and beta particles. CUP Archive. p. 68. The Electrician. 128. Feb 13, 1942. {{cite ... beta }{1-\beta }}\right]} We are taking values of R, C and β such that we get a symmetrical square wave. Thus, we get T1 = T2 ... beta V_{\text{sat}}} − β V sat = − V sat + ( V d + V sat ) e − T / R C {\displaystyle -\beta V_{\text{sat}}=-V_{\text{sat}}+(V ... beta V_{sat}=V_{sat}(1-[\beta +1]e^{\tfrac {-T1}{RC}})} Upon solving, we get: T 1 = R C ln ⁡ [ 1 + β 1 − β ] {\displaystyle T1= ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multivibrator

... the beta radiation from these decays was discovered to be the emission of a negatively charged particle. Later these particles ... beta )={\frac {3}{4\beta ^{2}}}\left({\frac {1+\beta ^{2}}{2\beta }}\lg {\frac {1+\beta }{1-\beta }}-1\right),} Kaufmann also ... beta )&={\frac {3}{4\beta ^{2}}}\left({\frac {1+\beta ^{2}}{2\beta }}\lg {\frac {1+\beta }{1-\beta }}-1\right)\\&{\text{Lorentz ... beta ^{2}}}\left[{\frac {1}{\beta }}\lg {\frac {1-\beta }{1+\beta }}+{\frac {2}{1-\beta ^{2}}}\right],\;\beta ={\frac {v}{c ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaufmann–Bucherer–Neumann_experiments

... digital counters were used to measure rates of random events such as radioactive decays to alpha and beta particle. Fast "pre- ... With Special Reference to Counting Alpha and Beta Particles. Cambridge University Press. p. 90. ISBN 9781316611760. "Electronic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ring_counter

Beta particles are less penetrating than gamma radiation, but more penetrating than alpha particles. High-energy beta particles ... The production of beta particles is termed beta decay. They are designated by the Greek letter beta (β). There are two forms of ... Typical ionizing subatomic particles include alpha particles, beta particles, and neutrons. These are typically created by ... secondary beta particle) that will ionize other atoms. Since most of the ionized atoms are due to the secondary beta particles ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionizing_radiation

Rodejohann, Werner (September 2011). "Neutrino-less double beta decay and particle physics". International Journal of Modern ... List of hypothetical particles MiniBooNE at Fermilab Weakly Interacting Slender Particle And as with all other particle / anti- ... Particle Data Group) (2020). Heavy neutral leptons (PDF). Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. (Report). Particle data listings. Lawrence ... Particle Data Group) (2010). "Review of Particle Physics". Journal of Physics G. 37 (75021): 075021. Bibcode:2010JPhG... ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sterile_neutrino

Rodejohann, Werner (2011). "Neutrino-less double beta decay and particle physics". International Journal of Modern Physics. E20 ... However, instead of a single fundamental particle, they are the collective movement of several individual particles (themselves ... Neutrinoless double beta decay has not (yet) been observed, but if it does exist, it can be viewed as two ordinary beta decay ... The high-energy analog of the neutrinoless double beta decay process is the production of same-sign charged lepton pairs in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majorana_fermion

... beta particles (subatomic particles ejected from the nucleus of some radioactive atoms that are equivalent to electrons), gamma ... From there certain particles can cause ionization. The ionizing particles are alpha particles (a type of ionizing radiation ... Beta Particles". US Environmental Protection Agency. UEA. 16 July 2014. Retrieved 7 November 2014. Barrens, Richard E. "Beta ... "Radiation: Alpha Particles". US Environmental Protection Agency. EPA. 16 July 2014. Retrieved 7 November 2014. "Radiation: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_Power_and_the_Environment

Ernest Rutherford discovered the alpha and beta particles emitted by uranium; 1900 - Paul Villard discovered the gamma ray in ... The timeline of particle physics lists the sequence of particle physics theories and discoveries in chronological order. The ... 2012 - Higgs boson-like particle discovered at CERN's Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Chronology of the universe Particle physics ... "Fermilab , Science , Particle Physics , Key Discoveries". www.fnal.gov. Retrieved 26 August 2020. Fukuda, Y.; et al. (Super- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_particle_physics

The second important effect is caused by the high energy beta particles. These are constantly being created by the radioactive ... while above the atmosphere it is due to the action of high-energy beta particles released from the decaying bomb debris. At ... causing them to ionize while slowing the beta down. Each beta can thus cause multiple ionizations, as well as being a free ... The particles penetrate the atmosphere to a depth depending on their energy: Two of these effects are particularly notable. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_blackout

The energy of beta particles produced by 40K is about 10 times that from the beta particles from 14C decay. 14C is present in ... This means there are about 3700 beta particles per second produced by the decay of 14C. However, a 14C atom is in the genetic ... These radioactive particles are inhaled and remain lodged in the lungs, causing continued exposure. Radon is thus assumed to be ... To convert to Sieverts (Sv) a radiation weighting factor is required; these weighting factors vary from 1 (beta & gamma) to 20 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Background_radiation

Beta radiation consists of particles (high-speed electrons) given off by some fallout. Most beta particles cannot penetrate ... Also, swallowed or inhaled hot particles could cause beta burns. As it is important to avoid bringing hot particles into the ... The primary dangers associated with beta radiation are internal exposure from ingested fallout particles and beta burns from ... Fallout particles will cease to be radioactive enough to cause beta burns within a few days following a nuclear explosion. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallout_shelter

... in Q-beta particles". Nature. 234 (50): 204-6. doi:10.1038/newbio234204a0. PMID 5288806. Winter RB, Gold L (July 1983). " ... Takeshita D, Tomita K (September 2010). "Assembly of Q{beta} viral RNA polymerase with host translational elongation factors EF ... virus-like particles, and the Qβ-MurA complex reveal internal coat proteins and the mechanism of host lysis". Proceedings of ... the catalytic beta subunit (replicase, P14647) is encoded by the phage, while the other three subunits are encoded by the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacteriophage_Qbeta

During the process of radioactive decay, a beta particle will be released. While this particle travels in the medium, the ... For instance, the decay of a Tritium atom releases a beta particle, which is well-suited to SPA due to a very short (1.5 µm) ... This is because the beta particles (high-velocity electrons) released from the unbound molecule are lost to collisions with ... The SPA method depends on the short pathlength of tritium-released beta particles. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scintillation_proximity_assay

Technetium-99 is used as a gamma ray-free source of beta particles. Long-lived technetium isotopes produced commercially are by ... Xenon is also being used to search for hypothetical weakly interacting massive particles and as the propellant for ion ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Period_5_element

He found that m/e for a beta particle is the same as for Thomson's electron, and therefore suggested that the beta particle is ... The two types of beta decay are known as beta minus and beta plus. In beta minus (β−) decay, a neutron is converted to a proton ... In nuclear physics, beta decay (β-decay) is a type of radioactive decay in which a beta particle (fast energetic electron or ... Neither the beta particle nor its associated (anti-)neutrino exist within the nucleus prior to beta decay, but are created in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_decay

Particles with 0.1 < β < 0.5 {\displaystyle 0.1<\beta < 1 {\displaystyle \beta ... Particles with β ≥ 0.5 {\displaystyle \beta \geq 0.5} have radiation pressure at least half as strong as gravity, and will pass ... Radiation pressure affects the effective force of gravity on the particle: it is felt more strongly by smaller particles, and ... and the radiation pressure is no longer isotropic in the particle's reference frame. If the particle rotates slowly, the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poynting–Robertson_effect

Examples of low penetrating radiation are alpha particles, beta particles and low-energy photons. This dose quantity is used ... Thus for example, an absorbed dose of 1 Gy by alpha particles will lead to an equivalent dose of 20 Sv. This may seem to be a ... The sievert is used only to convey the fact that a gray of absorbed alpha particles would cause twenty times the biological ... Radiation fluence is the number of radiation particles impinging per unit area per unit time, kerma is the ionising effect on ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sievert

The beta particles essentially transfer electronic charge from the thin film to the cantilever. The opposite charges cause the ... All of the radiation emitted as the millicurie-level nickel-63 thin film decays is in the form of beta radiation, which ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioisotope_piezoelectric_generator

... like alpha and beta rays. Rutherford initially believed that they might be extremely fast beta particles, but their failure to ... in contrast to alpha particles, which can be stopped by paper or skin, and beta particles, which can be shielded by thin ... In certain cases, the excited nuclear state that follows the emission of a beta particle or other type of excitation, may be ... However, they are less ionising than alpha or beta particles, which are less penetrating. Low levels of gamma rays cause a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_ray

Cobalt-60 is an isotope that decays by beta particle emission, and Wu was also an expert on beta decay. The extremely low ... Wu, Chien-Shiung (March 1941). "The Continuous X-Rays Excited by the Beta-Particles of 32 P". Physical Review. 59 (6): 481-488 ... Lee and Yang's theoretical calculations predicted that the beta particles from the cobalt-60 atoms would be emitted ... The beta ray spectra were measured in the magnetometer spectroscopy fifty feet from the accelerator. The beta decay sources B- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chien-Shiung_Wu

Olive, K.A. (Particle Data Group); et al. (2014). "28. Cosmic Rays in Review of Particle Physics" (PDF). Chin. Phys. C. 38 (9 ... Some waste form may be difficult and/or impossible to measure and characterize (i.e. encapsulated alpha/beta emitters, heavily ... The drift tubes measure particle coordinates in X and Y with a typical accuracy of several hundred micrometers. The MMT can be ... With an invention of this particle tracking technique, he worked out the methods to generate the muogram as a function of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muon_tomography

Piguet, O.; Sorella, S.P. (1993). "Adler-Bardeen theorem and vanishing of the gauge beta function". Nuclear Physics B. 395 (3 ... Guggenheim Memorial Foundation Fellowship for research on the application of quantum field theory to elementary particle ... Sakurai Prize for Theoretical Particle Physics recipients, Sloan Research Fellows, Institute for Advanced Study visiting ... considered one of the leading authorities on quantum field theory and its application to the phenomena of elementary particle ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_A._Bardeen

The RNP particles formed are roughly spherical and are organized in flexible helical structures inside the virus. Formation of ... "Inhibition of Beta Interferon Induction by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Suggests a Two-Step Model for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronavirus_nucleocapsid_protein

... 's per-particle abundance in the Solar System is 0.083 ppb (parts per billion). This figure is about two thirds of ... 150Nd has also been used to study double beta decay. In 1751, the Swedish mineralogist Axel Fredrik Cronstedt discovered a ... double beta decay, t1/2 ≈ 7×1018 years). In all, 33 radioisotopes of neodymium have been detected as of 2022[update], with the ... and the primary mode after is beta minus decay. The primary decay products before 142Nd are element Pr (praseodymium) isotopes ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neodymium

The 19S regulatory particles can recognize ubiquitin-labeled protein as degradation substrate, unfold the protein to linear, ... 2 rings are composed of 7 alpha subunits and 2 rings are composed of 7 beta subunits. The 19S regulator is composed of a base, ... Thus, 19S regulatory particle pertains a series of important capabilities to address these functional challenges. To recognize ... 26S proteasome complex is usually consisted of a 20S core particle (CP, or 20S proteasome) and one or two 19S regulatory ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PSMD7

Sasquatch is initially defeated by the Super-Skrull but tricks him, converting him into a stream of dissociated particles and ... Godkiller was genetically modified to use Beta Ray Bill's hammer Stormbreaker. Khn'nr A Skrull who posed as Captain Marvel with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super-Skrull

The superinduced human beta interferon messenger RNA was prepared by Tan's lab for Cetus corp. to clone the human beta ... A virus-infected cell releases viral particles that can infect nearby cells. However, the infected cell can protect neighboring ... Interferon beta-1a and interferon beta-1b are used to treat and control multiple sclerosis, an autoimmune disorder. This ... Large amounts of human beta interferon were made by superinducing the beta interferon gene in human fibroblast cells. Cantell's ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interferon

... beta }V^{\alpha }+V^{\mu }\Gamma ^{\alpha }{}_{\mu \beta }\\V^{\alpha }{}_{;\beta }&=V^{\alpha }{}_{,\beta }+V^{\mu }\Gamma ^{\ ... a test particle in a field using the minimal coupling rule. There is the inherent momentum of the particle P {\displaystyle \ ... beta }+\partial _{\alpha }F_{\beta \gamma }+\partial _{\beta }F_{\gamma \alpha }=0_{\alpha \beta \gamma }} where the second ... beta }=\mu _{o}J^{\beta }} ∂ γ F α β + ∂ α F β γ + ∂ β F γ α = 0 α β γ {\displaystyle \partial _{\gamma }F_{\alpha \ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-gradient

The particle, therefore, becomes a small radiating dipole whose radiation we see as scattered light. The particles may be ... beta } where n is the refraction index, p is the photoelastic coefficient of the glass, k is the Boltzmann constant, and β is ... Rayleigh scattering applies to the case when the scattering particle is very small (x ≪ 1, with a particle size < 1/10 of ... The fraction of light scattered by scattering particles over the unit travel length (e.g., meter) is the number of particles ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rayleigh_scattering

... beta <\alpha }n_{\beta }}} is called the Jordan-Wigner string, which depends on the ordering of the involved single-particle ... beta <\alpha }n_{\beta }}\left,n_{\mathbf {k} _{1}},n_{\mathbf {k} _{2}},...,n_{\mathbf {k} _{\beta }},1-n_{\mathbf {k} _{\ ... Here, exchange of particles between two states (say, l and m) is done by annihilating a particle in state l and creating one in ... Here, exchange of particles between two states is done by annihilating one particle in one state and creating one in other. If ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fock_state

Aguiar, M. A. M. de; Furuya, K; Lewenkopf, C. H; Nemes, M. C (1991). "Particle-Spin Coupling in a Chaotic System: Localization- ... beta =1/2} . The simplest way to describe the superradiant transition is to use a mean-field approximation, in which the cavity ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dicke_model

Cyclone Power Technologies claims this arrangement allows the heavier particles in the fuel to circle the outside of the ... www.marketwired.com/press-release/military-licensee-purchases-man-portable-beta-engines-from-cyclone-power-technologies-1247300 ... "Military Licensee Purchases Man-Portable Beta Engines From Cyclone Power Technologies". Retrieved from http:// ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclone_Mark_V_Engine

He is a member of Phi Beta Kappa, Pi Tau Sigma and Tau Beta Pi National Honor Societies, and a Lifetime Member of the National ... Mackie, Calvin (June 29, 1999). "Convective Stability of a Particle-laden Fluid System in the Presence of Solidification". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Mackie

... and mixing increases the concentration and range of infectious particles and keeps larger particles in the air. Thorough hand ... Beta, Delta, and Gamma, giving the justification that they "will be easier and more practical to discussed by non-scientific ... Infectious particles range in size from aerosols that remain suspended in the air for long periods of time to larger droplets ... Exhaled respiratory particles can build-up within enclosed spaces with inadequate ventilation. The risk of COVID‑19 infection ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19

It is a strict limit to the Standard Model that many particles are not included. There is a blog on the internet by Peter Woit ... The best-known example of an effective field theory is the Fermi theory of beta decay. This theory was developed during the ... In particle physics the effective field theory of QCD called chiral perturbation theory has had better success. This theory ... It is on the other perspective a consequence of the problems beyond the ability to calculate solutions of many-particle ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effective_field_theory

Americium is commonly used in industry as both an alpha particle source and as a low photon-energy gamma radiation source. For ... Americium can be formed by neutron capture of 239Pu and 240Pu, forming 241Pu which then beta decays to 241Am. In general, as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minor_actinide

... beta -M_{0}\ln r_{\mathrm {i} }-\alpha =0\implies \alpha =\beta -M_{0}\ln r_{\mathrm {i} }} at the inner boundary and 0 − ( β ... The extruded magnet is exposed to a rotating field giving the ferrite particles in the magnetic compound a magnetization ... Hence we have β = M 0 ln ⁡ r o {\displaystyle \beta =M_{0}\ln r_{\mathrm {o} }} and α = M 0 ln ⁡ ( r o r i ) {\displaystyle \ ... The potential gradient has non-vanishing radial component β cos ⁡ θ − M 0 ln ⁡ r cos ⁡ θ − M 0 cos ⁡ θ {\displaystyle \beta \ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halbach_array

85Kr clathrate provides a safe source of beta particles, while 133Xe clathrate provides a useful source of gamma rays. Smith GL ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noble_gas_compound

Cluster decay (heavy particle emission) has also been proposed as an alternative decay mode for some isotopes, posing yet ... These nuclei are predicted to be beta-stable and decay by alpha emission or spontaneous fission with relatively long half-lives ... The doubly magic nuclei predicted for Z = 354 are beta-unstable, with 998354 being neutron-deficient and 1126354 being neutron- ... Koura, H.; Chiba, S. (2013). "Single-Particle Levels of Spherical Nuclei in the Superheavy and Extremely Superheavy Mass Region ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended_periodic_table

Later on, the cosmological constant is introduced and problems with the amount of energy produced from virtual particles. ... 2008 ebook "Reviews: The cosmic landscape BETA". catalog.dclibrary.org. Retrieved 21 September 2010. Langacker, Paul (2006). " ... particle physics, supersymmetry, string theory, black holes, cosmology, and inflation. The 4 Percent Universe Ross, Greg. "An ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Cosmic_Landscape

The sheets then further fold to form a beta prism in which each wall is composed of a complete set of five beta-strands. The ... it is thought to target the protein to the inner membrane to be translocated either by the signal recognition particle pathway ... The head region of YadA is composed of beta-helices further folded to create a nine-coiled left-handed parallel beta-roll (LPBR ... Hia has a slightly unusual N-terminal head made of beta-prisms. The beta-prism is an unusual type of protein architecture first ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trimeric_autotransporter_adhesin

These polymers or particles have a negligible or null systemic biological availability and they are designed to form stable ... metabolism: diabetes in people with iron overload occurs as a result of selective iron deposition in islet beta cells in the ... such as beta-thalassaemia major, sickle cell anaemia, and Diamond-Blackfan anaemia) or by older patients with severe acquired ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_overload

... which adopts a beta-propeller conformation (LDL-R class B domain). It is thought that this region is responsible for the pH- ... and LDL particles. The receptor also recognizes apolipoprotein E (ApoE) which is found in chylomicron remnants and IDL. In ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LDL_receptor

... the pion and other hadrons had all lost their status as elementary particles when they turned out to be complex particles ... In 1941 Wang first proposed the use of beta-capture to detect the neutrino. James Allen employed his suggestion and found ... Initially there was no doubt that this particle was an elementary particle. However, a few years later this hyperon, along with ... On March 9, 1959 they were the first to discover anti-sigma minus hyperon particles (反西格马负超子). π − + C → Σ ¯ − + K 0 + K ¯ 0 + ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wang_Ganchang

... beta }=X_{\alpha }F_{\beta }-X_{\beta }F_{\alpha }} where F is the 4d force acting on the particle at the event X. As with ... For systems of particles, the energy-momentum equation requires summing the momentum vectors of the particles: E 2 − p ⋅ p c 2 ... However, for single particles the rest mass remains constant, and for systems of particles the invariant mass remain constant, ... So, for an assembly of discrete particles one sums the angular momentum tensors over the particles, or integrates the density ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relativistic_mechanics

This technique can be used for beta decay studies related to beta feeding measurements within the full decay energy window for ... For this simulation to be reliable, the interactions of all the particles emitted in the decay (γ, e−/e+, Auger e, x rays, etc ... This makes total absorption spectroscopy the best method to measure beta feedings and provide accurate beta intensity (Iβ) ... The gamma that would be emitted after the beta decay is missed, and the γ intensity decreases accordingly: IT = Iγ + Ie− = Iγ(1 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_absorption_spectroscopy

... beta \cos(\theta )}}={\frac {0.88\lambda }{\beta \cos(\theta )}}} which is the Scherrer equation with K = 0.88. This only ... Although "particle size" is often used in reference to crystallite size, this term should not be used in association with the ... The crystallite size can be thought of as a lower limit of particle size. To see where the Scherrer equation comes from, it is ... The Scherrer equation can be written as: τ = K λ β cos ⁡ θ {\displaystyle \tau ={\frac {K\lambda }{\beta \cos \theta }}} where ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scherrer_equation

The use of nanotrap particles for their detection is being looked at and the OspA has been linked to active symptoms of Lyme. ... a derivative of amino acid beta-alanine), oil of lemon eucalyptus (OLE, a natural compound) and OLE's active ingredient para- ... "The use of Nanotrap particles for biodefense and emerging infectious disease diagnostics". Pathogens and Disease. 71 (2): 164- ... "The use of Nanotrap particles for biodefense and emerging infectious disease diagnostics". Pathogens and Disease. 71 (2): 164- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyme_disease

... beta }p^{\beta },} where p α {\displaystyle p^{\alpha }} is the four-momentum of the particle. Furthermore, there are two ... It is related to the total angular momentum of the particle and is given by Q = p θ 2 + cos 2 ⁡ θ ( a 2 ( μ 2 − E 2 ) + ( L z ... The first is the invariant mass μ {\displaystyle \mu } of the test particle, defined by the relation − μ 2 = p α g α β p β , {\ ... Consequently, particles within this ergosphere must co-rotate with the inner mass, if they are to retain their time-like ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerr_metric

PreviousPrevious post:AVWW Beta: Week One At A GlanceNextNext post:AVWW Betas 0.515-0516, "Its All Relative," Released! ... We did this not just for every spell in the game, but actually every particle effect in general. Some of them saw pretty small ... It changes a huge amount of stuff about the visuals of the various particle effects, without actually doing any new graphics. ... because the particle behaviors and compound effects have been updated so much that they look all-new. ...

https://arcengames.com/avww-beta-0-513-0514-previously-pernicious-particles-released/

PIN (default is last 4 of phone, unless manually changed) or EZ ...

https://catalog.lapl.org/?section=resource&resourceid=38908315

Beta particles are made by beta decay. When scientists write it in an equation, they are use the Greek letter beta (β). There ... "Beta particle" - news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (September 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template ... The beta particles emitted are a form of ionizing radiation sometimes called beta rays. Henri Becquerel and Ernest Rutherford ... Beta particles are electrons or positrons emitted by some radioactive nuclei such as potassium-40 or carbon-14 (which becomes ...

https://simple.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_particles

This definition explains the meaning of Beta Particles and why it matters. ... What Does Beta Particles Mean?. Beta particles are high-energy, high-speed subatomic particles that are emitted by some forms ... Safeopedia Explains Beta Particles. A beta molecule may be created when a neutron becomes a proton within an atom. Any form of ... Beta particles are a form of ionizing radiation, which consist of electrons or positrons and are also known as beta rays. They ...

https://www.safeopedia.com/definition/2408/beta-particles

Category: Particles. Dependent Recognition Of Cytokine responses. *Posted on July 26, 2020. ... Antibody-mediated pure crimson cell aplasia (PRCA) on switching from darbepoetin alfa to epoetin beta: what are the ... A polypeptide member of the transforming growth factor beta superfamily of cytokines ...

https://tgf-b1.com/category/particles/

This is a beta release of our new docs system. Found an issue?. Please tell us about it in the #📖-newdocs-feedback channel on ...

https://newdocs.phaser.io/docs/3.55.1/Phaser.GameObjects.Particles

we had radioactive material which was emitting beta particles, and we... ... Are ionized beta particles dangerous? (ionized alpha particle are not because they become helium, what happens with beta ... How it is possible that aluminum foil is able to stop beta particles? (what happens to beta particles in aluminum(are they just ... But alpha particles are ionized, theyre helium atoms with a +2 charge - bare nuclei.. Your beta particles are probably ...

https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/beta-radiation-and-alpha-radiation.890311/

Alpha particles, beta particles, gamma rays, and x-rays affect tissue in different ways. Alpha particles disrupt more molecules ... Certain radioactive nuclei emit alpha particles. Alpha particles generally carry more energy than gamma or beta particles, and ... See also alpha particle, beta particle, gamma ray, nucleon, x-ray.. Non-ionizing radiation: radiation that has lower energy ... However, alpha particles and all but extremely high-energy beta particles are not considered penetrating radiation. ...

https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/radiation/emergencies/glossary.htm

Reference beta-particle radiation - Part 2: Calibration fundamentals related to basic quantities characterizing the radiation ... The energy range of the beta-particle-emitting isotopes covered by these reference radiations is 0,066 to 3,54 MeV (maximum ... Nuclear energy - Reference beta-particle radiation - Part 2: Calibration fundamentals related to basic quantities ... ISO 6980-2:2004 is geared towards organizations wishing to establish reference-class dosimetry capabilities for beta particles ...

https://ttbs.isolutions.iso.org/standard/31730.html

Beta Particle. macrumors 6502a. Jun 25, 2012. 527. 5. * Aug 21, 2012. ...

https://forums.macrumors.com/threads/can-i-modify-my-late-2006-white-macbook-to-fit-a-larger-hard-drive.1426698/

Beta particles.. *Gamma rays.. *Muons.. *All of the above.. *None of the above. ...

https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/csem/uranium/posttest.html

Bequerel discovered that electrons and beta particles which were identified by the Curies are the same thing. ... In that same year Cockroft and the Walton first split an atom by bombarding lithium in a particle accelerator, changing it to ... Ernest Rutherford named three types of radiation; alpha, beta and gamma rays. Marie and Pierre Curie started working on the ...

https://www.timetoast.com/timelines/development-of-the-periodic-table--16

Radioactive strontium generates beta particles as it decays. One of the radioactive properties of strontium is half-life, or ... Radioactive strontium generates beta particles as it decays. One of the radioactive properties of strontium is half-life, or ...

https://wwwn.cdc.gov/tsp/substances/ToxSubstance.aspx?toxid=120

and short: alpha particles;. long and thin: beta particles). Image courtesy of Bionerd;. image source: Wikimedia. Commons. ... Elementary particles. Elementary particles are the simplest elements from which everything is made. They are not just the ... For brief, simple overviews of particle physics aimed at the general public, see: *Close FE (2004) Particle Physics: A Very ... Here we demonstrate how to bring particle physics to life in the classroom, using possibly the simplest type of particle ...

https://www.scienceinschool.org/article/2010/cloud/

... see beta particle).[37] The fission products were at first mistaken for new elements with atomic numbers 93 and 94, which the ... 239U decays by beta emission to neptunium-239, also a beta-emitter, that decays in its turn, within a few days into plutonium- ... Particles with short residence times in a calciner will generally be less oxidized than those with long retention times or ... It is also expected that thorium-232 should be able to undergo double beta decay, which would produce uranium-232, but this has ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranium

The review focuses mainly on the peptide receptor radionuclide therapy with beta-particle emitting somatostatin analogues, for ... distribution in kidney tissues and dose-response modelling of nephrotoxicity in radiopharmaceutical therapy with beta-particle ...

https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/brasil/resource/pt/mdl-37031068

Reference beta-particle radiation - Part 1: Methods of production ... determination of their response as a function of beta particle ... gives examples of suitable source constructions and describes methods for the measurement of the residual maximum beta particle ... ISO 6980-1:2006 specifies the requirements for reference beta radiation fields produced by radionuclide sources to be used for ... ISO 6980-1:2006 proposes two series of beta reference radiation fields from which the radiation necessary for determining the ...

https://cys.isolutions.iso.org/standard/37015.html?browse=tc

Video Premiere: Catching Whiffs of Dystopia with Depleted Uraniums "Beta Particles" February 24, 2022 Kevin Stewart-Panko ...

https://www.decibelmagazine.com/category/featured/page/5/

Cigarette smoking; Cigarette smoke; Cigarette manufacturing; Smoking; Endotoxins; Beta particles; Flavorings; Microorganisms; ...

http://www2a.cdc.gov/nioshtic-2/BuildQyr.asp?s1=flavoring%2A+or+diacetyl+or+pentanedione+or+heptanedione+or+2%2C3%2Dhexanedione+&f1=%2A&Startyear=&t1=2&s2=heta&terms=3&Adv=1&ct=&f2=TI&Limit=500&Sort=DP+DESC&whichdate=DP&D1=50&EndYear=&PageNo=1&RecNo=45&View=f&

Calibration of area and personal dosemeters and the determination of their response as a function of beta radiation energy and ... Nuclear energy - Reference beta-particle radiation - Part 3: Calibration of area and personal dosemeters and the determination ... of their response as a function of beta radiation energy and angle of incidence. ...

https://eos.isolutions.iso.org/standard/40868.html?browse=tc

beta zeolite catalyst carrier fcc catalyst natural zeolite pseudoboehmite sapo-34 zeolite Ts-1 zeolite y zeolite Zeolite zsm-35 ... Particle size 100-500nm beta zeolite. yzeolite2021-07-07T07:40:05+08:00 ... Particle size 100-500nm beta zeolite Gallery Particle size 100-500nm beta zeolite beta zeolite ...

https://www.yzeolite.com/portfolio_tags/particle-size-100-500nm-%CE%B2-zeolite-molecular-sieve/

He called the less penetrating rays alpha and the more penetrating rays beta. Most beta particles are ejected at speeds ... Beta decay was named (1899) by Ernest Rutherford when he observed that radioactivity was not a simple phenomenon. ... beta decay, any of three processes of radioactive disintegration by which some unstable atomic nuclei spontaneously dissipate ... He called the less penetrating rays alpha and the more penetrating rays beta. Most beta particles are ejected at speeds ...

https://www.britannica.com/science/beta-decay

Absorption: nucleons, alfa particles, beta particles. Dosimetry: exposure, absorbed dose, equivalent dose, effective dose, dose ... Radio-active decay: half-life, alfa decay, beta decay, gamma decay. Production of isotopes cyclotron, nuclear reactor, Van de ...

https://www.up.ac.za/faculty-of-education/yearbooks/2017/MED-faculty/UD-programmes/view/10137005

Lecture: Beta-particle astronomy.. November 8, 2022, Tuesday[edit , edit source]. In the shadows, the Moon charges negatively ... The trace of a single alpha particle was obtained in a spark chamber specially made for alpha particles. Credit: Wolfhart ... The image shows charged particles moving along the galaxys magnetic field. Credit: ESA/NASA/JPL-Caltech.{{fairuse}} ...

https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Radiation_astronomy/Courses/Principles/Syllabus/Fall

This grey metallic element gives off beta particles as it decays. These can cause radioactive damage in their own right, but ... prometheum is probably most dangerous because those beta particles generate X-rays when they hit heavy nuclei, making a sample ...

https://www.rsc.org/periodic-table/podcast/17/chlorine

Beta particle. A small particle ejected from a radioactive atom. It has a moderate penetrating power and a range of up to a few ... The three most common types of radiation are alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays. ... Beta particles will penetrate only a fraction of an inch of skin tissue.. Controlled area. An area where entry, activities, and ... Production of charged particles in a medium.. Ionizing radiation. Electromagnetic (X-ray and gamma) or particulate (alpha, beta ...

https://orise.orau.gov/resources/reacts/guide/basics-of-radiation.html

So neutrons spontaneously decay into protons and beta particles? If so, why do they not do so in the nucleus of atoms (in ... So neutrons spontaneously decay into protons and beta particles? If so, why do they not do so in the nucleus of atoms. ... Free neutrons are not stable particles.. If a ball of neutrons were a stable configuration of sub-atomic particles, every ... Free neutrons are not stable particles.. If a ball of neutrons were a stable configuration of sub-atomic particles, every ...

https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/neutronium-armor.83095/

Alpha particles, the primary radiation type produced by DU, are blocked by skin, while beta particles are blocked by the boots ... Unfired depleted uranium munitions are encased in thin metal jackets that seal in alpha and beta particles. The amount of gamma ... DU emits alpha and beta particles, and gamma rays. ... the particle size and the ability of the particles to dissolve ... Taken into the body via metal fragments or dust-like particles, DU may pose a long-term health hazard to personnel if the ...

https://www.health.mil/Reference-Center/Frequently-Asked-Questions/Depleted-Uranium

Immunomodulating activities of fungal beta-glucans seem superior to those of cereal beta-glucans in vitro. ... Polysaccharide based Particles . * Ellefsen, Christiane Færestrand & Samuelsen, Anne Berit C. (2019). Isolation and Preliminary ... Beta-glukaner fra kornvarer kan gi flere positive helsegevinster. Baker og Konditor. ISSN 0803-253X. 4, s. 30-31. ... Antimicrobial effects of beta-glucans and pectin and of the Agaricus blazei-based mushroom extract, AndoSanTM. Examples of ...

https://www.mn.uio.no/farmasi/personer/vit/annebsa/index.html

Gross beta particle activity. 2016-2020. pCi/L. 50. (0). Yes. ND. ND. ND-7.0. 2.0. DK. ... Gross alpha particle activity. 2013-2020. pCi/L. 15. (0). Yes. ND. ND. ND-3.0. ND. ER. ...

https://www.calwater.com/ccrs/rd-dom-2020/

[1] The beta particles emitted are a form of ionizing radiation sometimes called beta rays. (wikipedia.org)
Beta particles are a form of ionizing radiation, which consist of electrons or positrons and are also known as beta rays. (safeopedia.com)
The cloud chamber, also known as the Wilson chamber, is used for detecting particles of ionizing radiation. (astarmathsandphysics.com)

Beta particles are electrons or positrons emitted by some radioactive nuclei such as potassium -40 or carbon -14 (which becomes nitrogen-14). (wikipedia.org)
There are both positive and negative forms of beta radiation, which generate either positrons or electrons. (safeopedia.com)
Your beta particles are probably electrons - 'beta minus' (might be positrons, I doubt it). (physicsforums.com)
Bequerel discovered that electrons and beta particles which were identified by the Curies are the same thing. (timetoast.com)
However, particle physicists detect and measure electrons, photons or muons every day with the same confidence with which all of us 'detect' cows, tables or aeroplanes. (scienceinschool.org)
these orbital electrons are not involved in the electron emission associated with beta decay. (britannica.com)
The energy lost by the nucleus is shared by the electron and the antineutrino, so that beta particles (the electrons) have energy ranging from zero to a distinct maximum that is characteristic of the unstable parent. (britannica.com)
Plasmas , such as the "soup" of electrons and protons that makes up the solar wind , and many of the most dangerous forms of radiation , such as cosmic rays , are collections of subatomic particles . (windows2universe.org)
Radiation comes in two basic types: electromagnetic radiation transmitted by photons, and particle radiation consisting of electrons, protons, alpha particles, and so forth. (windows2universe.org)
High frequency radiation or fast moving particles plow into a living cell with enough energy to knock electrons free from molecules that make up the cell. (windows2universe.org)
Electronegativity is the inclination of a particle to pull in a shared pair of electrons more towards itself. (toppr.com)

Particle physics is often seen as something only for huge research institutes, out of reach of the general public. (scienceinschool.org)
The objective of elementary particle physics is to find the basic building blocks of which everything is made and to investigate the behaviour of these building blocks. (scienceinschool.org)
Although it can be seen as a cornerstone of science, particle physics is often neglected or poorly understood in schools, partly because it is perceived as unrelated to the things with which we interact on a daily basis. (scienceinschool.org)
Here we demonstrate how to bring particle physics to life in the classroom, using possibly the simplest type of particle detector: a continuously sensitive diffusion cloud chamber. (scienceinschool.org)
The fields of atomic physics and particle physics provide many valuable insights into the life cycles of stars , the forms of spaceborne radiation , and the way we can use spectra to study distant objects. (windows2universe.org)
The discipline of atomic physics concerns itself with atoms, the particles from which atoms are made, and the various energy states that atoms can take on. (windows2universe.org)
Particle physics delves into scales even smaller than the atom as it sheds light on the worlds of subatomic physics. (windows2universe.org)
In the realms of quantum physics, the distinctions between particles and waves disappear, we lose our ability to define the locations of objects in favor of probabilistic descriptions of where particles are likely to be, and the mere act of observing a phenomenon can fundamentally alter its behavior. (windows2universe.org)
Neutrinoless double beta decay (\bb) is a powerful tool for the investigation of Physics Beyond the Standard Model. (semanticscholar.org)
Neutrinoless double-beta decay is a key process in particle physics. (semanticscholar.org)
The cloud chamber is one of the most basic tools for investigating particle physics. (astarmathsandphysics.com)
I'm 28 years old, I have spent 4 of them in the ATLAS family and particle physics in general. (atlas.cern)
The KATRIN experiment is closing in on the mass of the neutrino, which could point to new laws of particle physics and reshape theories of cosmology. (nautil.us)
Measuring its mass would help point toward new laws of physics beyond the Standard Model, the remarkably successful yet incomplete description for how the universe's known particles and forces interact. (nautil.us)
From a star theoretical physicist, a journey into the world of particle physics and the cosmos-and a call for a more liberatory practice of science. (apple.com)
In The Disordered Cosmos , Dr. Chanda Prescod-Weinstein shares her love for physics, from the Standard Model of Particle Physics and what lies beyond it, to the physics of melanin in skin, to the latest theories of dark matter-along with a perspective informed by history, politics, and the wisdom of Star Trek . (apple.com)
In lucid prose, she takes readers through the 'strange, fantastical' world of particle physics, describing quantum mechanics, theories such as string theory and quantum gravity, and and the axion, a hypothetical particle and a subject of her own research. (apple.com)
Donetsk Institute for Physics and Technology, Simulate the transmission dynamics and health effects of, Muon1 Distributed Particle Accelerator Design. (rodpub.com)
He participated in CLEO ( www.classe.cornell.edu/Research/CLEO/ ), an electron-positron colliding beam experiment based at Cornell University, and in AMY ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMY_(scientific_instrument) ), another electron-positron colliding beam experiment, based at the Japanese National Laboratory for High Energy Physics (KEK). (sc.edu)

Beta particles are made by beta decay . (wikipedia.org)
There are two forms of beta decay, β - and β + , which make the electron and the positron . (wikipedia.org)
Am-241 is formed spontaneously by the beta decay of plutonium-241. (cdc.gov)
beta decay , any of three processes of radioactive disintegration by which some unstable atomic nuclei spontaneously dissipate excess energy and undergo a change of one unit of positive charge without any change in mass number . (britannica.com)
Beta decay was named (1899) by Ernest Rutherford when he observed that radioactivity was not a simple phenomenon. (britannica.com)
In electron emission, also called negative beta decay (symbolized β − -decay), an unstable nucleus emits an energetic electron (of relatively small mass) and an antineutrino (with little or possibly no rest mass), and a neutron in the nucleus becomes a proton that remains in the product nucleus. (britannica.com)
Thus, negative beta decay results in a daughter nucleus, the proton number (atomic number) of which is one more than its parent but the mass number (total number of neutrons and protons) of which is the same. (britannica.com)
In positron emission , also called positive beta decay ( β + -decay), a proton in the parent nucleus decays into a neutron that remains in the daughter nucleus, and the nucleus emits a neutrino and a positron, which is a positive particle like an ordinary electron in mass but of opposite charge. (britannica.com)
Lastly, the weak force is responsible for radioactive decay , specifically, beta decay where a neutron within the nucleus changes into a proton and an electron, which is ejected from the nucleus. (howstuffworks.com)
The CUORE project began recently a search for neutrinoless double-beta decay ($0\nu\beta\beta$) of $^{130}$Te with a $\mathcal{O}$(1 ton) TeO$_2$ bolometer array. (semanticscholar.org)
Contributed Review: The saga of neutrinoless double beta decay search with TeO2 thermal detectors. (semanticscholar.org)
This is also known as beta decay. (skeptoid.com)
Beta nuclear decay results in the emission of a beta particle, an electron. (skeptoid.com)
5][6][7] In a nutshell, the Widom-Larsen Theory (WLT) posits that energy may be harvested by exploiting beta neutron decay. (skeptoid.com)
So, as we see our measured particle decay to two photons and two Zs, it is already in better agreement with the SM Higgs than the SUSY one in the figure. (atlas.cern)
Another way to measure the difference is simply to look at the overall production cross-section, or how many times per proton-proton collision do we find a Higgs particle with any decay-mode? (atlas.cern)
CUORICINO was an array of 62 tellurium oxide crystals (5 cm cubes) operated at 10 mK in which the neutrinoless double-beta decay of one isotope of tellurium, if it occurred with sufficient frequency, would have been observable by its bolometric signature. (sc.edu)
Observation of neutrinoless double-beta decay would be highly instructive vis-a-vis the masses and Majorana character of the constellation of neutrinos. (sc.edu)
The importance of the bound beta decay of thallium in element formation processes has been emphasized in many scientific publications, and has now been measured for the first time. (gsi.de)
When these radon daughters decay by emitting alpha particles, these will damage cells due to the close proximity between the decaying isotope and the DNA material. (airthings.com)

Both beta decays also turn a neutron into a proton . (wikipedia.org)
[5] Uranium decays slowly by emitting an alpha particle . (wikipedia.org)
Radioactive strontium generates beta particles as it decays. (cdc.gov)
Carbon-14 decays by emitting a beta particle. (windows2universe.org)
The random numbers are generated using nickel-63, an isotope that spits out beta particles as it decays. (sifted.eu)
When radon gas decays, it emits radiation in the form of an alpha particle. (airthings.com)

But alpha particles are ionized, they're helium atoms with a +2 charge - bare nuclei. (physicsforums.com)
Certain radioactive nuclei emit alpha particles. (cdc.gov)
In that same year Cockroft and the Walton first split an atom by bombarding lithium in a particle accelerator, changing it to two helium nuclei. (timetoast.com)

Beta particles are high-energy, high-speed subatomic particles that are emitted by some forms of radioactive isotope. (safeopedia.com)
Scientists study subatomic particles by examining the telltale trails, such as those shown here, their passage leaves behind in a bubble chamber. (windows2universe.org)
When atoms are torn apart, usually in the presence of large amounts of energy, subatomic particles come out to play. (windows2universe.org)
One main type of radiation, particle radiation, is the result of subatomic particles hurtling at tremendous speeds. (windows2universe.org)
However, when you apply gravity to the atomic level, it has little effect because the masses of subatomic particles are so small. (howstuffworks.com)

Elementary particles are the simplest elements from which everything is made. (scienceinschool.org)
They are not just the building blocks of matter and radiation, but also give rise to the interactions between them (for more details of elementary particles, see Landua & Rau, 2008 ). (scienceinschool.org)
ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION or particle radiation (high energy ELEMENTARY PARTICLES) capable of directly or indirectly producing IONS in its passage through matter. (musc.edu)

Henri Becquerel and Ernest Rutherford discovered beta rays in the 1890s. (wikipedia.org)
alpha, beta and gamma rays. (timetoast.com)
He called the less penetrating rays alpha and the more penetrating rays beta. (britannica.com)
Radiation is energy, in the form of particles or electromagnetic rays, released from radioactive atoms. (orau.gov)
The three most common types of radiation are alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays. (orau.gov)
Gamma radiation or X-rays frequently accompany the emission of alpha and beta radiation. (orau.gov)

It emits beta-particles to become stable. (biologyonline.com)

They also pose a serious internal radiation threat if beta-emitting atoms are ingested or inhaled . (cdc.gov)
The process of condensation of vapour into liquid can be triggered by the passage of a charged particle with enough energy to ionise atoms in its path. (scienceinschool.org)
Atoms and the minute particles from which they are made strongly influence the nature of many phenomena that play out their roles on astronomical scales. (windows2universe.org)

Alpha particles can be stopped by a thin layer of light material, such as a sheet of paper, and cannot penetrate the outer, dead layer of skin. (cdc.gov)
Although they can be stopped by a thin sheet of aluminum, beta particles can penetrate the dead skin layer, potentially causing burns. (cdc.gov)
Beta radiation can penetrate human skin to the innermost layer of the epidermis where new skin cells are produced. (orau.gov)
Radioactivity takes different forms including alpha, beta, gamma, and neutron radiation, which have different capabilities to penetrate different substances. (airthings.com)
Alpha particles cannot penetrate deeply and are much less damaging if the radioactive material that emits the alpha particle is on the outside of the body (for example on the skin). (airthings.com)

O f all the known particles in the universe, only photons outnumber neutrinos. (nautil.us)

As previously reported by heart wire , CER-001 is an engineered lipoprotein particle than mimics pre-beta HDL. (medscape.com)

The neutrino is an extremely light (and possibly massless) neutral particle. (windows2universe.org)
The neutrino belongs to the family of leptons, the particles that interact through the so-called weak force. (windows2universe.org)
The neutrino is the only known particle whose mass remains a mystery. (nautil.us)

This radioactive particle is made up of two protons and two neutrons. (airthings.com)

what happens to beta particles in aluminum(are they just reflected from aluminum nucleus or can they become also outer-shell electron of aluminum atom, can beta particle get ionized in the aluminum foil (steal an electron from aluminum atom)? (physicsforums.com)
Alpha radiation - is actually an emitted hydrogen nucleus, and since it is a heavy particle it both causes the most damage but is easy to be blocked. (blogspot.com)
Here, $T$ is the noninteracting quasiparticle kinetic energy operator, $V$ is the nucleus-electron attraction potential, $D^{\mathrm{T}}$ is the total electron density matrix, and $E_{\mathrm{xc}} [\rho_\alpha, \rho_\beta]$ is the (potentially nonlocal) exchange, correlation, and residual kinetic energy functional. (psicode.org)

Still, that's so light compared to the mass of other particles that physicists aren't sure how neutrinos get such tiny masses. (nautil.us)
In due course the experiment observed the reappearance of these particles as electron-flavored neutrinos. (sc.edu)

They discovered that beta particles were negatively charged. (timetoast.com)
If a uniform magnetic field is applied across the cloud chamber, positively and negatively charged particles will curve in opposite directions, according to the Lorentz force law. (astarmathsandphysics.com)

The ligand that they use is associated with a beta particle - lutetium-177. (urotoday.com)
The lutetium-177 ( 177 Lu) bombards them with beta particles and gamma radiation. (medscape.com)

So aluminum would acquire a beta particle (and loose it to the environment as free electron), and not just bounce it off to different directions? (physicsforums.com)
Beta radiation - is an electron or a positron being emitted (together with some other stuff). (blogspot.com)

This laboratorian was in the process of preparing counting planchets of water samples, which would then be subjected to tests, that would determine the beta particle radioactivity per sample. (cdc.gov)

ionized alpha particle are not because they become helium, what happens with beta particles? (physicsforums.com)

In additional studies, the biokinetics of ultrafine particles and soluble 192Ir was studied after administra- tion by either gavage or intratracheal instillation or intravenous injection. (cdc.gov)

Heterogeneity of absorbed dose distribution in kidney tissues and dose-response modelling of nephrotoxicity in radiopharmaceutical therapy with beta-particle emitters: A review. (bvsalud.org)
Most beta emitters can be detected with a survey instrument. (orau.gov)
Some beta emitters, however, produce very low energy, poorly penetrating radiation that may be difficult or impossible to detect. (orau.gov)

When an alpha particle or beta particle from the source interacts with the mixture, it ionizes it. (astarmathsandphysics.com)

The energy range of the beta-particle-emitting isotopes covered by these reference radiations is 0,066 to 3,54 MeV (maximum energy). (iso.org)

To add a poison cherry to this smog cake these particles then react with sunlight to create ground level ozone that is further damaging to our health. (beatthesmog.com)

Radiation can enter the food chain when nuclear disasters like Chernobyl or Fukushima happen and radioactive particles spread around the world. (davidicke.com)

A beta molecule may be created when a neutron becomes a proton within an atom. (safeopedia.com)
The carbon atom gives off a beta particle of radiation. (windows2universe.org)
About a thousand trillion of the ghostly particles pass through your body every second-with nary a flinch from even a single atom. (nautil.us)

The simulated laboratory experiments include determining the plateau curve of a Geiger-Müller tube, beta particle absorption and backscattering, and radioactive background. (revistia.org)

Mode structure symmetry breaking of reversed shear Alfvén eigenmodes and its impact on the generation of parallel velocity asymmetries in energetic particle distribution. (mpg.de)
If the number density of the gas is low enough, the most relevant physical quantity is the one-particle velocity distribution function (VDF), which obeys the Boltzmann equation appropriately adapted to incorporate the inelastic nature of collisions. (springer.com)
Nevertheless, the fact that the collision rate in the IHSM is proportional to the relative velocity of the two colliding particles prevents the associated collisional moments from being expressible in terms of a finite number of velocity moments, thus hampering the possibility of deriving analytical results. (springer.com)

The denser the medium through which the particle travels the greater the number of collisions per unit length and the shorter the range. (physicsforums.com)

Most beta particles are ejected at speeds approaching that of light . (britannica.com)
Radiation is energy moving through space or matter at very high speeds as particles. (davidicke.com)

ISO 6980-1:2006 specifies the requirements for reference beta radiation fields produced by radionuclide sources to be used for the calibration of personal and area dosimeters and dose-rate meters to be used for the determination of the quantities H p (0,07) and H '(0,07), and for the determination of their response as a function of beta particle energy and angle of incidence. (iso.org)
The review focuses mainly on the peptide receptor radionuclide therapy with beta-particle emitting somatostatin analogues, for which the scientific literature reflects over two decades of clinical experience. (bvsalud.org)
The underlying idea is to deliver a radionuclide to cancer-associated fibroblasts, using either a positron emitter, such as gallium-68 ( 68 Ga), for PET imaging or a beta particle or other short-radiation emitter to kill nearby cancer cells as part of treatment. (medscape.com)

It includes alpha and beta particles as well as proton and neutron radiation. (windows2universe.org)
CPM is the standard unit of measurement for alpha and beta radiation, and is also commonly used to express background radiation in numerical terms. (wattsupwiththat.com)

ISO 6980-2:2004 specifies methods for the measurement of the directional absorbed-dose rate in a tissue-equivalent slab phantom in the ISO 6980 reference beta-particle radiation fields. (iso.org)
It gives the characteristics of radionuclides that have been used to produce reference beta radiation fields, gives examples of suitable source constructions and describes methods for the measurement of the residual maximum beta particle energy and the dose equivalent rate at a depth of 0,07 mm in the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU) sphere. (iso.org)
ISO 6980-1:2006 proposes two series of beta reference radiation fields from which the radiation necessary for determining the characteristics (calibration and energy and angular dependence of response) of an instrument can be selected. (iso.org)

During wk 1 after inhalation particles were predominantly cleared via air- ways into the gastrointestinal tract and feces. (cdc.gov)

This homemade version consists simply of an airtight fish tank full of air and alcohol vapour, cooled to a very low temperature, which can be used to detect charged particles, particularly cosmic ray muons, if they have enough energy. (scienceinschool.org)

The fraction emitted as beta-particles is 3.6% (average energies are 0.445 MeV and 0.492 MeV), and the fraction emitted as gamma- radiation is 1.1% (energy range of 0.01 - 1.27 MeV). (rxlist.com)
Thin mica window detects alpha, beta, and gamma radiation. (imagesco.com)
Glass GM Tube detects beta and gamma radiation. (imagesco.com)

Insignificant amounts of aerosolized particles stick to clothing or skin. (emedicinehealth.com)

The fraction of energy emitted from radium-223 and its daughters as alpha-particles is 95.3% (energy range of 5 - 7.5 MeV). (rxlist.com)
This cleared fraction includes particles deposited in the alveolar region. (cdc.gov)
The translocated fraction of the 80-nm particles was about an order of magnitude less than that of 15-nm particles. (cdc.gov)

There are also beta and gamma emissions with different energies and emission probabilities. (rxlist.com)

Taken into the body via metal fragments or dust-like particles, DU may pose a long-term health hazard to personnel if the amount is large. (health.mil)
Note that the fog still needs something to coalesce around and without modern day inventions it would likely be dust particles. (beatthesmog.com)
Radon progeny can attach to dust and other particles and can be inhaled into the lungs. (airthings.com)

Rosenfeld is an experimental particle physicist. (sc.edu)

One possibility I've considered is that the current beta client could possibly contain alot of consuming debug processes which would be removed with the real thing, another possibility is that the new built-in optimisations of displays are rendering the optimisations of displays within Classic's custom systems un-necessary. (graalonline.com)

we had radioactive material which was emitting beta particles, and we were using geiger counter to measure pulses (ionized beta particles). (physicsforums.com)

I am confused about two things, -How it is possible that aluminum foil is able to stop beta particles? (physicsforums.com)
Overall, aluminum will acquire a negative charge from beta radiation, soon lost to the environment. (physicsforums.com)

Organisms3

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Cellular effects of beta-particle delivery on vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells: a dose-response study. (1/140)

Effects of intracoronary beta-radiation therapy after coronary angioplasty: an intravascular ultrasound study. (2/140)

Bremsstrahlung radiation exposure from pure beta-ray emitters. (3/140)

Geometric vascular remodeling after balloon angioplasty and beta-radiation therapy: A three-dimensional intravascular ultrasound study. (4/140)

Preserved endothelium-dependent vasodilation in coronary segments previously treated with balloon angioplasty and intracoronary irradiation. (5/140)

beta-Particle-emitting radioactive stent implantation. A safety and feasibility study. (6/140)

Effects of intracoronary radiation on thrombosis after balloon overstretch injury in the porcine model. (7/140)

Short- and intermediate-term results of (32)P radioactive beta-emitting stent implantation in patients with coronary artery disease: The Milan Dose-Response Study. (8/140)

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Cellular effects of beta-particle delivery on vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells: a dose-response study. (1/140)

Effects of intracoronary beta-radiation therapy after coronary angioplasty: an intravascular ultrasound study. (2/140)

Bremsstrahlung radiation exposure from pure beta-ray emitters. (3/140)

Geometric vascular remodeling after balloon angioplasty and beta-radiation therapy: A three-dimensional intravascular ultrasound study. (4/140)

Preserved endothelium-dependent vasodilation in coronary segments previously treated with balloon angioplasty and intracoronary irradiation. (5/140)

beta-Particle-emitting radioactive stent implantation. A safety and feasibility study. (6/140)

Effects of intracoronary radiation on thrombosis after balloon overstretch injury in the porcine model. (7/140)

Short- and intermediate-term results of (32)P radioactive beta-emitting stent implantation in patients with coronary artery disease: The Milan Dose-Response Study. (8/140)

DIFFUSION CHAMBER OF ALPHA, BETA PARTICLES AND OF ELECTRONS DIDACTICNPS0044

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