beta-Endorphin
Endorphins
beta-Lipotropin
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormones
Pituitary Hormones, Anterior
Pro-Opiomelanocortin
N-Terminal Acetyltransferases
Low hot pain threshold predicts shorter time to exercise-induced angina: results from the psychophysiological investigations of myocardial ischemia (PIMI) study. (1/492)
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to test whether cutaneous thermal pain thresholds are related to anginal pain perception. BACKGROUND: Few ischemic episodes are associated with angina; symptoms have been related to pain perception thresholds. METHODS: A total of 196 patients with documented coronary artery disease underwent bicycle exercise testing and thermal pain testing. The Marstock test of cutaneous sensory perception was administered at baseline after 30 min of rest on two days and after exercise and mental stress. Resting hot pain thresholds (HPTs) were averaged for the two baseline visits and divided into two groups: 1) average HPT <41 degrees C, and 2) average HPT > or =41 degrees C, to be clearly indicative of abnormal hypersensitivity to noxious heat. RESULTS: Patients with HPT <41 degrees C had significantly shorter time to angina onset on exercise testing than patients with HPT > or =41 degrees C (p < 0.04, log-rank test). Heart rates, systolic blood pressure and rate-pressure product at peak exercise were not different for the two groups. Resting plasma beta-endorphin levels were significantly higher in the HPT <41 degrees C group (5.9+/-3.7 pmol/liter vs. 4.7+/-2.8 pmol/liter, p = 0.02). Using a Cox proportional hazards model, patients with HPT <41 degrees C had an increased risk of angina (p = 0.03, rate ratio = 2.0). These differences persisted after adjustment for age, gender, depression, anxiety and history of diabetes or hypertension (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Occurrence of angina and timing of angina onset on an exercise test are related to overall hot pain sensory perception. The mechanism of this relationship requires further study. (+info)Enhancing effects of beta-endorphin on glutamate neurotoxicity. (2/492)
AIM: To study the effect of beta-endorphin (beta-End) on monosodium glutamate (MSG)-induced neurotoxicity (GNT). METHODS: Image analysis of neuronal areas and determination of mitochondrial membrane protein-bound Ca2+ and intracellular free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) were used. RESULTS: beta-End aggravated MSG-induced neuronal injury in arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus in a dose-dependent manner in the range from 0.5 to 5.0 mg.kg-1. MSG-induced increase in mitochondrial membrane protein-bound Ca2+ was enhanced when treated with beta-End 2 g.L-1. MSG-induced elevation in [Ca2+]i in single neuron was also augmented from 320 +/- 84 to 589 +/- 78 nmol.L-1 by the treatment with beta-End 2 g.L-1. CONCLUSION: beta-End enhanced GNT via aggravating the disruption of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis induced by MSG. (+info)Physiological changes in Pachinko players; beta-endorphin, catecholamines, immune system substances and heart rate. (3/492)
Pachinko is a popular form of recreation in Japan. However, in recent years, along with Pachinko's popularity, "Pachinko dependence" has become topical news. The purpose of this study was to investigate beta-endorphin, catecholamines, immune system responses and heart rate during the playing of Pachinko. The following significant results were observed. (1) Plasma concentration of beta-endorphin increased before playing Pachinko and while in the Pachinko-center (p < 0.05). (2) Beta-endorphin and norepinephrine increased when the player began to win (i.e. at "Fever-start") compared to baseline (p < 0.05). (3) Beta-endorphin, norepinephrine and dopamine increased when the winning streak finished (i.e. at "Fever-end") compared to baseline (p < 0.05-0.01). (4) Norepinephrine increased past 30 minutes after "Fever-end" compared to baseline (p < 0.05). (5) Heart rate increased before "Fever-start" compared to baseline, peaked at "Fever-start" and rapidly decreased to match rates measured at rest. But the increase was observed from 200 seconds after "Fever-start" (p < 0.05-0.001). (6) There was a positive correlation between the number of hours subjects played Pachinko in a week and the differences between beta-endorphin levels at "Fever-start" and those at rest (p < 0.05). (7) The number of T-cells decreased while the number of NK cells increased at "Fever-start" compared to baseline (p < .05). These results suggest that intracerebral substances such as beta-endorphin and dopamine are involved in the habit-forming behavior associated with Pachinko. (+info)Effect of raised plasma beta endorphin concentrations on peripheral pain and angina thresholds in patients with stable angina. (4/492)
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether changes in plasma concentrations of beta endorphins alter angina threshold and peripheral pain threshold in patients with stable angina. DESIGN: Latin square design comparison of angina thresholds by exercise treadmill test and peripheral pain thresholds using a radiant heat source in eight patients with stable angina under control conditions, after stimulation of pituitary beta endorphin release by ketoconazole, after suppression of pituitary beta endorphin release by dexamethasone, and after blockade of opioid receptors by intravenous naloxone. RESULTS: An approximately fivefold increase in circulating concentrations of beta endorphins was found after administration of ketoconazole (mean (SEM): 13.9 (1.2) v 73.8 (6.2) pg/ml; p < 0.05), which was associated with an increase in peripheral pain threshold to a radiant heat source (time to onset of pain perception 72 (19) v 123 (40) seconds; p < 0.05), but no significant difference in angina threshold. A reduction in circulating concentrations of beta endorphins after pretreatment with dexamethasone was statistically non-significant (13.9 (1.2) v 9.0 (1.5) pg/ml; NS) and was not associated with any change in either peripheral pain or angina thresholds. No effects were seen after blockade of opioid receptors by previous administration of intravenous naloxone. CONCLUSIONS: Increased plasma concentrations of beta endorphins alter peripheral pain threshold but not angina threshold in patients with stable angina pectoris. (+info)The interaction of bioactive peptides with an immobilized phosphatidylcholine monolayer. (5/492)
The interaction of three bioactive peptides, bombesin, beta-endorphin, and glucagon with a phosphatidylcholine monolayer that was immobilized to porous silica particles and packed into a stainless steel column cartridge, has been studied using dynamic elution techniques. This immobilized lipid monolayer provides a biophysical model system with which to study the binding of peptides to a lipid membrane. In particular, the influence of temperature and methanol concentration on the affinity of each peptide for the immobilized lipid surface was assessed. For all test peptides, nonlinear retention plots were observed at all temperatures that contrasted sharply with the simple linear plots observed for the small unstructured control molecules N-acetyltryptophanamide and diphenylalanine. An analysis of the thermodynamics of the interaction of peptides with the immobilized monolayer was also carried out. The results revealed that while the peptides interacted with the monolayer predominantly through hydrophobic interactions, the relative contribution of DeltaH(assoc)(O) and DeltaS(assoc)(O) to the overall free energy of association was dependent on the temperature and methanol concentration. In particular, it was evident that under most conditions, the binding of the peptides to the immobilized lipid monolayer was enthalpy-driven, i.e., mediated by nonclassical hydrophobic interactions. Significant band-broadening and asymmetric and split peaks were also observed for bombesin, beta-endorphin, and glucagon at different temperatures and methanol concentrations. These changes in affinity and peak shape are consistent with the formation of multiple conformational species during the interaction of these peptides with the lipid monolayer. In addition, the binding behavior of the three test peptides on an n-octylsilica surface that lacked the phospho headgroups of the phospholipid was significantly different from that observed with the immobilized phosphatidylcholine surface, indicating a specificity of interaction between the peptides and the lipid surface. Overall, these experimental results demonstrate that the biomimetic phosphatidylcholine monolayer provides a stable and sensitive system with which to explore the molecular mechanism of peptide conformational changes during membrane interactions. (+info)The stress response of the gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) to air exposure and confinement. (6/492)
We investigated short-term effects (up to 24 h) of air exposure and confinement, and long-term effects (up to 11 days) of confinement, to elucidate signalling pathways in the stress response of gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata L. Plasma glucose and lactate were taken as indicators of sympathetic activation, and alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH), adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol as indicators of activation of the brain-pituitary-interrenal (BPI) axis. Air exposure for 3 min resulted, within 30 min, in an increase in plasma concentrations of cortisol, alpha-MSH, glucose, lactate, osmolality and plasma Na, Cl and Mg. Plasma ACTH and beta-endorphin and plasma K, Ca and P did not change. We conclude that air exposure mainly activates the brain-sympathetic-chromaffin cell (BSC) axis. In fish confined at a density of 70 kg/m(3) (compared with 4 kg/m(3) in controls), cortisol, ACTH and alpha-MSH increased within 1 h, indicating activation of the BPI axis. Plasma glucose, Na, Cl and Mg increased with an 8 h delay compared with the response to air exposure. No changes in plasma lactate, osmolality, K, Ca and P were observed. Long-term confinement induced a biphasic cortisol response with peaks at 1 h and at 2 and 3 days. A gradual increase in plasma beta-endorphin concentrations peaked at 7 days; the concentration of alpha-MSH increased rapidly within 1 h and then declined to control values 4 days after the onset of confinement. No changes in ACTH were detected. Our data provide evidence that a stressor-specific activation of the BSC and BPI axes may occur in Sparus aurata. (+info)Strenuous resistive breathing induces proinflammatory cytokines and stimulates the HPA axis in humans. (7/492)
Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), powerful stimulants of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, increase in response to whole body exercise. Strenuous inspiratory resistive breathing (IRB), a form of clinically relevant "exercise" for the respiratory muscles, produces beta-endorphin through a largely unknown mechanism. We investigated (in 11 healthy humans) whether strenuous IRB produces proinflammatory cytokines and beta-endorphin in parallel with stimulation of the HPA axis, assessed by concurrent measurement of ACTH. Subjects underwent either severe [at 75% of maximal inspiratory pressure (P(m) (max))] or moderate (at 35% of P(m) (max)) IRB. Plasma cytokines, beta-endorphin, and ACTH were measured at rest (point R), at the point at which the resistive load could not be sustained (point F), and at exhaustion [15 min later (point E)]. During severe IRB, IL-1beta increased from 0.83 +/- 0.12 pg/ml at point R to 1.88 +/- 0. 53 and 4.06 +/- 1.27 pg/ml at points F and E, respectively (P < 0. 01). IL-6 increased from 5.30 +/- 1.02 to 10.33 +/- 2.14 and 11.66 +/- 2.29 pg/ml at points F and E, respectively (P = 0.02). ACTH and beta-endorphin fluctuated from 20.87 +/- 5.49 and 25.03 +/- 3.97 pg/ml at point R to 22.97 +/- 4.41 and 26.32 +/- 3.93 pg/ml, respectively, at point F and increased to 46.96 +/- 8.55 and 40.32 +/- 5.94 pg/ml, respectively, at point E (P < 0.01, point E vs. point F). There was a positive correlation between the IL-6 at point F and the ACTH and beta-endorphin at point E (r = 0.88 and 0.94, respectively; P < 0.01) as well as between the increase in IL-6 (between points R and F) and the increases in ACTH and beta-endorphin (between points F and E, r = 0.91 and 0.92, respectively; P < 0.01). Moderate IRB did not produce any change. We conclude that severe IRB produces proinflammatory cytokines and stimulates the HPA axis in humans secondary to the production of cytokines (especially IL-6). (+info)Localization of pro-opiomelanocortin mRNA transcripts and peptide immunoreactivity in rat heart. (8/492)
OBJECTIVE: alpha-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH), beta-endorphin and other pro-opiomelanocortin-(POMC) derived peptides have been detected in the heart, but it is uncertain whether they are synthesized by cardiomyocytes or by cardiac nerves innervating the heart. The objective of this study was to determine whether POMC peptides are synthesized by cardiomyocytes. METHODS: Pro-opiomelanocortin peptides were localized in rat heart by immunohistochemistry using antisera against alpha-MSH, beta-endorphin and alpha N-acetyl-beta-endorphin, the predominant POMC peptides found in heart. Pro-opiomelanocortin mRNA was investigated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using primers that discriminate between full-length POMC mRNA and a 5' truncated POMC transcript that is presumed to be non-functional. RESULTS: alpha-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone, beta-endorphin and alpha N-acetyl-beta-endorphin immunoreactivities were localized in atrial myocytes, particularly in the atrial appendages, but not to a significant extent in ventricular myocytes. Cardiac nerves were not immunostained. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) immunoreactivity was similarly distributed in the adult heart. In neonatal heart, POMC-peptide and ANP immunoreactivities were present in both atrial and ventricular myocytes. RT-PCR amplification showed that full-length POMC mRNA transcripts were present in both atrial and ventricular tissue and provide evidence that 5' truncated POMC mRNA is expressed in heart. CONCLUSIONS: These results support the hypothesis that cardiomyocytes synthesize POMC peptides. (+info)Beta-endorphins are naturally occurring opioid peptides that are produced in the brain and other parts of the body. They are synthesized from a larger precursor protein called proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and consist of 31 amino acids. Beta-endorphins have potent analgesic effects, which means they can reduce the perception of pain. They also play a role in regulating mood, emotions, and various physiological processes such as immune function and hormonal regulation.
Beta-endorphins bind to opioid receptors in the brain and other tissues, leading to a range of effects including pain relief, sedation, euphoria, and reduced anxiety. They are released in response to stress, physical activity, and certain physiological conditions such as pregnancy and lactation. Beta-endorphins have been studied for their potential therapeutic uses in the treatment of pain, addiction, and mood disorders. However, more research is needed to fully understand their mechanisms of action and potential side effects.
Endorphins are a type of neurotransmitter, which are chemicals that transmit signals in the nervous system and brain. The term "endorphin" comes from "endogenous morphine," reflecting the fact that these substances are produced naturally within the body and have effects similar to opiate drugs like morphine.
Endorphins are released in response to stress or pain, but they also occur naturally during exercise, excitement, laughter, love, and orgasm. They work by interacting with the opiate receptors in the brain to reduce the perception of pain and promote feelings of pleasure and well-being. Endorphins also play a role in regulating various physiological processes, including appetite, mood, and sleep.
In summary, endorphins are natural painkillers and mood elevators produced by the body in response to stress, pain, or enjoyable activities.
Beta-lipotropin (β-LPH) is a 91-amino acid polypeptide hormone that is derived from proopiomelanocortin (POMC), along with other bioactive peptides such as adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), melanocyte-stimulating hormones (MSH), and β-endorphin. It is produced and released by the anterior pituitary gland in response to stress or corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) stimulation.
β-Lipotropin has been found to have several physiological functions, including the regulation of lipid metabolism, appetite control, and pain perception. It also exhibits opioid activity due to its ability to bind to opioid receptors in the brain, although its potency is much lower compared to other endogenous opioids like β-endorphin.
In addition to its role as a hormone, β-lipotropin has been studied for its potential therapeutic applications, particularly in the treatment of obesity and addiction. However, further research is needed to fully understand its mechanisms and clinical efficacy.
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) is a hormone produced and released by the anterior pituitary gland, a small endocrine gland located at the base of the brain. ACTH plays a crucial role in the regulation of the body's stress response and has significant effects on various physiological processes.
The primary function of ACTH is to stimulate the adrenal glands, which are triangular-shaped glands situated on top of the kidneys. The adrenal glands consist of two parts: the outer cortex and the inner medulla. ACTH specifically targets the adrenal cortex, where it binds to specific receptors and initiates a series of biochemical reactions leading to the production and release of steroid hormones, primarily cortisol (a glucocorticoid) and aldosterone (a mineralocorticoid).
Cortisol is involved in various metabolic processes, such as regulating blood sugar levels, modulating the immune response, and helping the body respond to stress. Aldosterone plays a vital role in maintaining electrolyte and fluid balance by promoting sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion in the kidneys.
ACTH release is controlled by the hypothalamus, another part of the brain, which produces corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH). CRH stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to secrete ACTH, which in turn triggers cortisol production in the adrenal glands. This complex feedback system helps maintain homeostasis and ensures that appropriate amounts of cortisol are released in response to various physiological and psychological stressors.
Disorders related to ACTH can lead to hormonal imbalances, resulting in conditions such as Cushing's syndrome (excessive cortisol production) or Addison's disease (insufficient cortisol production). Proper diagnosis and management of these disorders typically involve assessing the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and addressing any underlying issues affecting ACTH secretion.
Melanocyte-stimulating hormones (MSH) are a group of peptide hormones that originate from the precursor protein proopiomelanocortin (POMC). They play crucial roles in various physiological processes, including pigmentation, energy balance, and appetite regulation.
There are several types of MSH, but the most well-known ones include α-MSH, β-MSH, and γ-MSH. These hormones bind to melanocortin receptors (MCRs), which are found in various tissues throughout the body. The binding of MSH to MCRs triggers a series of intracellular signaling events that ultimately lead to changes in cell behavior.
In the context of skin physiology, α-MSH and β-MSH bind to melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) on melanocytes, which are the cells responsible for producing pigment (melanin). This binding stimulates the production and release of eumelanin, a type of melanin that is brown or black in color. As a result, increased levels of MSH can lead to darkening of the skin, also known as hyperpigmentation.
Apart from their role in pigmentation, MSH hormones have been implicated in several other physiological processes. For instance, α-MSH has been shown to suppress appetite and promote weight loss by binding to melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) in the hypothalamus, a region of the brain that regulates energy balance. Additionally, MSH hormones have been implicated in inflammation, immune response, and sexual function.
Overall, melanocyte-stimulating hormones are a diverse group of peptide hormones that play important roles in various physiological processes, including pigmentation, energy balance, and appetite regulation.
Anterior pituitary hormones are a group of six major hormones that are produced and released by the anterior portion (lobe) of the pituitary gland, a small endocrine gland located at the base of the brain. These hormones play crucial roles in regulating various bodily functions and activities. The six main anterior pituitary hormones are:
1. Growth Hormone (GH): Also known as somatotropin, GH is essential for normal growth and development in children and adolescents. It helps regulate body composition, metabolism, and bone density in adults.
2. Prolactin (PRL): A hormone that stimulates milk production in females after childbirth and is also involved in various reproductive and immune functions in both sexes.
3. Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH): FSH regulates the development, growth, and maturation of follicles in the ovaries (in females) and sperm production in the testes (in males).
4. Luteinizing Hormone (LH): LH plays a key role in triggering ovulation in females and stimulating testosterone production in males.
5. Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH): TSH regulates the function of the thyroid gland, which is responsible for producing and releasing thyroid hormones that control metabolism and growth.
6. Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH): ACTH stimulates the adrenal glands to produce cortisol, a steroid hormone involved in stress response, metabolism, and immune function.
These anterior pituitary hormones are regulated by the hypothalamus, which is located above the pituitary gland. The hypothalamus releases releasing and inhibiting factors that control the synthesis and secretion of anterior pituitary hormones, creating a complex feedback system to maintain homeostasis in the body.
Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) is a precursor protein that gets cleaved into several biologically active peptides in the body. These peptides include adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), beta-lipotropin, and multiple opioid peptides such as beta-endorphin, met-enkephalin, and leu-enkephalin.
ACTH stimulates the release of cortisol from the adrenal gland, while beta-lipotropin has various metabolic functions. The opioid peptides derived from POMC have pain-relieving (analgesic) and rewarding effects in the brain. Dysregulation of the POMC system has been implicated in several medical conditions, including obesity, addiction, and certain types of hormone deficiencies.
N-terminal acetyltransferases (NATs) are a family of enzymes that catalyze the transfer of an acetyl group from acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) to the alpha-amino group of the first residue at the N-terminus of a protein. This post-translational modification, known as N-terminal acetylation, can affect various aspects of protein function, including stability, localization, and interaction with other proteins. NATs are involved in many cellular processes, such as gene expression regulation, DNA damage response, and cell signaling. Defects in NATs have been implicated in several human diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders.
The pituitary gland is a small, endocrine gland located at the base of the brain, in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone. It is often called the "master gland" because it controls other glands and makes the hormones that trigger many body functions. The pituitary gland measures about 0.5 cm in height and 1 cm in width, and it weighs approximately 0.5 grams.
The pituitary gland is divided into two main parts: the anterior lobe (adenohypophysis) and the posterior lobe (neurohypophysis). The anterior lobe is further divided into three zones: the pars distalis, pars intermedia, and pars tuberalis. Each part of the pituitary gland has distinct functions and produces different hormones.
The anterior pituitary gland produces and releases several important hormones, including:
* Growth hormone (GH), which regulates growth and development in children and helps maintain muscle mass and bone strength in adults.
* Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), which controls the production of thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland.
* Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), which stimulates the adrenal glands to produce cortisol and other steroid hormones.
* Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), which regulate reproductive function in both males and females.
* Prolactin, which stimulates milk production in pregnant and lactating women.
The posterior pituitary gland stores and releases two hormones that are produced by the hypothalamus:
* Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which helps regulate water balance in the body by controlling urine production.
* Oxytocin, which stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth and milk release during breastfeeding.
Overall, the pituitary gland plays a critical role in maintaining homeostasis and regulating various bodily functions, including growth, development, metabolism, and reproductive function.
Cortisol4
- Before and after singing, visual analogue mood scales, stress scales and saliva samples testing for cortisol, beta-endorphin, oxytocin and ten cytokines were taken. (ecancer.org)
- 01). In addition, singing was associated with reductions in cortisol, beta-endorphin and oxytocin levels. (ecancer.org)
- Blood was sampled before processing and at 45 min, 4h, 48h, 1wk, and 2wks post-procedure and assayed for cortisol and beta-endorphin. (usda.gov)
- Effects of psychological stress on plasma Il-1 beta and 6, C-reactive protein, TNF alpha, ADH and serum cortisol. (thieme-connect.de)
Enkephalins1
- β-endorphin and other enkephalins are often released with ACTH to modulate hormone system functioning. (wikipedia.org)
ELISA Kit2
- You need info about Mouse Beta-Endorphin (β-EP) ELISA Kit or any other Gentaur produtct? (gentaurshop.com)
- Description: A competitive Inhibition ELISA kit for detection of Beta-Endorphin from Cattle in samples from blood, serum, plasma, cell culture fluid and other biological fluids. (operatiebrp.nl)
Endogenous5
- The term 'endorphin' simply means endogenous morphine, meaning morphine produced by the human body. (zmescience.com)
- β-Endorphin (beta-endorphin) is an endogenous opioid neuropeptide and peptide hormone that is produced in certain neurons within the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. (wikipedia.org)
- A significant factor that differentiates β-endorphin from other endogenous opioids is its high affinity for and lasting effect on μ-opioid receptors. (wikipedia.org)
- β-Endorphin has the highest binding affinity of any endogenous opioid for the μ-opioid receptor. (wikipedia.org)
- An improved radio-immunoassay using an antiserum directed towards the N-terminal part of the endogenous opioid peptide beta-endorphin 1-31 (beta-EP) was validated and applied to a study of beta-EP in plasma during ischaemic pain. (omeka.net)
Serotonin4
- Studies have shown that cold water immersion can also increase levels of dopamine, serotonin and beta-endorphins. (cryotubs.com)
- Increased levels of dopamine, serotonin and beta-endorphins will help to fight depression and lessen symptoms of stress and anxiety. (cryotubs.com)
- This is an intense feeling of euphoria brought about partly by the exercise itself, partly by the feeling of centred mindfulness, and partly by the increased levels of dopamine, serotonin and beta-endorphins that will be rushing through their bodies. (cryotubs.com)
- For example, if pre-treatment with a serotonin-1A blocking drug enhances visual effects, but reduces beta-endorphin stimulation, we can suggest that the serotonin-1A receptor mediates those functions. (erowid.org)
Radioimmunoassay1
- Plasma beta endorphin concentrations were estimated by radioimmunoassay (mean(SD) pmol/l). (bmj.com)
Body's4
- Enter endorphins, your body's secret wellspring of joy. (zmescience.com)
- Endorphins are part of our pain and pleasure circuitry - they're our body's natural painkillers and also give us feelings of pleasure," says Katerina Johnson, a doctoral student in the University's Department of Experimental Psychology, and author of a study on endorphins. (zmescience.com)
- Endorphins, though often spoken about as a single entity, are not a one-man band but an orchestra of subtypes, each playing its unique part in the concert of your body's functions. (zmescience.com)
- Mud therapy is also good for arthritis and sports injuries and may stimulate beta-endorphins - the body's natural pain killers. (lifeinitaly.com)
ACTH1
- ACTH(1-8) and ACTH(9-13)NH2 were used as potential enzyme inhibitors to begin examining the relationship between the acetylation of ACTH- and beta-endorphin-related peptides. (glembotskilab.org)
Dopamine1
- Beta-endorphin also activates the powerful mesocorticolimbic dopamine reward system , producing reward and pleasure in association with important reproductive activities including mating, birth, and breastfeeding. (thenakedbirth.com)
Immunoreactivity2
- Beta-endorphin-like immunoreactivity was determined in lumbar cerebrospinal fluid of patients during and before or after treatment with fenfluramine and then was compared to normal controls. (elsevierpure.com)
- 9 Henning J, Laschefski U, Opper C. Biophysiological Changes after Bungee-Jumping: Beta-Endorphin Immunoreactivity as a Mediator of Euphoria? (thieme-connect.de)
Hormones3
- When you face stress or pain, your body produces calming and pain-relieving hormones called endorphins. (thenakedbirth.com)
- The structural characterization of beta-endorphin and related peptide hormones and neurotransmitters. (aspetjournals.org)
- One of these is that exposure to UVB rays causes human skin to produce beta-endorphins, which are hormones that reduce pain. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Concentrations4
- A significant reduction in peripheral blood mononuclear cell beta-endorphin concentrations was observed in migraine patients with and without aura, but not in tension-type headache patients. (nih.gov)
- Plasma beta endorphin concentrations increase after vasodepressor syncope induced by exercise or by fasting. (bmj.com)
- In contrast, patients with a negative test showed no change in beta endorphin concentrations (baseline 3.4(1.0) v end of test 4.5(2.3), NS). (bmj.com)
- Concentrations of beta-EP in the ectopic NILs decreased gradually after transplantation. (unipi.it)
Neuropeptides1
- That's because endorphins are opioid neuropeptides that are essentially the same as morphine. (zmescience.com)
Receptors4
- Beta-endorphin is one of a group of naturally occurring opiates (drugs derived from the opium poppy), with properties similar to pethidine, morphine, and fentanyl, and has been shown to work on the same receptors of the brain. (thenakedbirth.com)
- The designation is owed to the fact that morphine receptors in the nervous system were discovered before scientists learned of endorphins. (zmescience.com)
- Opioid receptors are a class of G-protein coupled receptors, such that when β-endorphin or another opioid binds, a signaling cascade is induced in the cell. (wikipedia.org)
- When endorphin molecules bind to opioid receptors, G proteins activate and dissociate into their constituent Gα and Gβγ sub-units. (wikipedia.org)
Neurointermediate2
- Acetylation of alpha MSH and beta-endorphin by rat neurointermediate pituitary secretory granule-associated acetyltransferase. (glembotskilab.org)
- Autonomous beta-endorphin secretion from the pituitary neurointermediate lobe: in vivo studies. (unipi.it)
Stimulation1
- Yamamoto, T., Sako, N. and Maeda, S. (2000) Effects of Taste Stimulation on Beta-Endorphin Levels in Rat Cerebrospinal Fluid and Plasma. (scirp.org)
Oxytocin2
- Epidural analgesia decreases levels of both oxytocin, which causes labor contractions, and endorphins, which decrease pain and stress. (thenakedbirth.com)
- Endorphins can actually help regulate the pace of labor -high levels produced in the body and slow labor by lowering oxytocin levels, which can serve to regulate the intensity of labor and our ability to manage it. (thenakedbirth.com)
Potent1
- While they also play a part in pain reduction, their effect is not as potent as their beta counterparts. (zmescience.com)
Spinal cord1
- β-Endorphin in global pathways diffuse to different parts of the body through cerebral spinal fluid in the spinal cord, allowing for β-endorphin release to affect the peripheral nervous system. (wikipedia.org)
Molecules1
- The subcellular site of the further processing (NH2-terminal acetylation and COOH-terminal proteolysis) of beta-endorphin-sized molecules in the rat intermediate pituitary has been studied. (glembotskilab.org)
Reduces2
- Like the addictive opiates, beta-endorphin reduces the effects of stress and induces feelings of pleasure, euphoria, and dependency. (thenakedbirth.com)
- Neuroregulation by β-endorphin occurs through interference with the function of another neuropeptide, either by direct inhibition of neuropeptide release or induction of a signaling cascade that reduces a neuropeptide's effects. (wikipedia.org)
Secretion2
- The existence of independent control mechanisms of beta-endorphin (beta-EP) secretion from the anterior (AP) and intermediate (NIL) pituitary lobes is now ascertained. (unipi.it)
- The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of surgical separation from the hypothalamus of the two pituitary lobes on beta-EP secretion. (unipi.it)
Pituitary2
- Acetylation of alpha-melanotropin and beta-endorphin in the rat intermediate pituitary. (glembotskilab.org)
- β-Endorphin is found in neurons of the hypothalamus, as well as the pituitary gland. (wikipedia.org)
Peripheral3
- Levels of beta-endorphin in peripheral blood mononuclear cells have been studied as a new approach to investigating opioid tone in migraine and tension-type headache. (nih.gov)
- The two main methods by which β-endorphin is utilized in the body are peripheral hormonal action and neuroregulation. (wikipedia.org)
- Effect of tibolone administration on central and peripheral levels of allopregnanolone and beta-endorphin in female rats. (unil.ch)
Hypothalamus2
- Localized function of β-endorphin results in release of β-endorphin in different brain regions such as the amygdala or the hypothalamus. (wikipedia.org)
- In all these results indicate that that NIL but not the AP is capable, when is disconnected from the hypothalamus, or secreting autonomously beta-EP. (unipi.it)
Infantile1
- The results are consistent with a role for beta-endorphin in infantile autism and in the mechanism of fenfluramine treatment. (elsevierpure.com)
Rats3
- In rats with MBH-ablation plasma beta-EP levels were significantly higher than in sham-operated controls. (unipi.it)
- Plasma beta-EP levels increased in rats transplanted with entire pituitaries 3 days after surgery and were still elevated after 1 week. (unipi.it)
- In rats transplanted with APs only, no significant beta-EP changes in plasma were evident. (unipi.it)
Levels12
- You may have higher levels of endorphins near the end of pregnancy. (thenakedbirth.com)
- Most studies have found a sharp drop in endorphin levels with use of epidural or opioid pain medication. (thenakedbirth.com)
- Levels peak in the mother twenty minutes after commencement, and beta-endorphin is also present in breastmilk . (thenakedbirth.com)
- A drop in endorphin levels at this time may contribute to the 'blues,' or postpartum depression, that many women experience for a brief time after birth. (thenakedbirth.com)
- Beta-endorphin levels, as measured in the mother's bloodstream, increase throughout labour, peaking at the time of birth, and subsiding in the first one to three hours. (thenakedbirth.com)
- Levels in the new mother's limbic system are elevated for much longer, as beta-endorphin takes more than twenty-one hours to break down within the brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). (thenakedbirth.com)
- Endorphin levels are highest during vaginal deliveries in unmedicated mothers. (thenakedbirth.com)
- In both experimental conditions no significant difference was present in beta-LPH plasma levels. (unipi.it)
- Elevated beta-EP levels were found in five AMI patients with cardiogenic shock and in four AMI patients dying within 24 h after admittance compared to the rest of AMI patients (p less than 0.02). (omeka.net)
- The lower the levels of endorphin, the more receptor sites are open. (180degreehealth.com)
- If you stop eating sugar, you will crave it strongly as endorphin levels drop to normal because your receptor sites will be too low. (180degreehealth.com)
- So he got back in his running shoes and got his beta-endorphin levels back up to where his tiny amount of receptor sites could take in enough for him to feel like his normal, positive, incredibly enthusiastic, and good-spirited self (or so he makes it seem). (180degreehealth.com)
Receptor4
- Acytelation of the N-terminus of β-endorphin, however, inactivates the neuropeptide, preventing it from binding to its receptor. (wikipedia.org)
- When you get off of a beta-endorphin spiking substance for example, or even quit a beta-endorphin spiking activity like intense exercise, receptor sites for beta-endorphin begin to open up again. (180degreehealth.com)
- As receptor sites shut down to keep too much endorphin from flooding the system, the sugar no longer provides a buzz. (180degreehealth.com)
- When trying to rest, since Dean probably has fewer beta-endorphin receptor of any living human being, he absolutely collapsed. (180degreehealth.com)
Anorexic1
- Beta-endorphin is involved in the anorexic effect of fenfluramine and may play a role in autism. (elsevierpure.com)
Increases1
- Studies show marked increases in beta endorphin and met-enkephalin with low-frequency TENS, with demonstrated reversal of the antinociceptive effects by naloxone. (medscape.com)
Morphine1
- beta-EP was not correlated to the amount of morphine required within the 48 h after admittance of AMI patients. (omeka.net)
Plasma beta-EP4
- Experimental ischaemic pain induced in seven healthy volunteers by the submaximal effort tourniquet test did not change plasma beta-EP or adrenocorticotrophin. (omeka.net)
- Plasma beta-EP was determined in 21 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and in seven patients with unstable angina pectoris. (omeka.net)
- Plasma beta-EP was 4.9 fmol/ml with 95% confidence limits, 3.2-7.8 fmol/ml in AMI patients at admittance, and 2.9 (2.0-3.4) fmol/ml one week later in stable and pain-free condition (p less than 0.05). (omeka.net)
- The AMI group revealed a significant, although weak, positive correlation between plasma beta-EP and pain score (Spearman r = 0.49, p less than 0.05), while there was no correlation during unstable angina pectoris. (omeka.net)
Prolactin1
- Beta-endorphin also helps with the release of prolactin during labour, preparing your breasts for feeding. (thenakedbirth.com)
AIMS1
- AIMS--To take frequent samples for plasma beta endorphin estimation during tilt testing, and to determine whether plasma beta endorphin increased before the start of syncope. (bmj.com)
Mood1
- If your brain was a grand orchestra, endorphins would be the conductors, guiding the melody of your mood and perception of pain. (zmescience.com)
Chemicals1
- Endorphins are chemicals naturally produced within your body - in the brain , to be exact. (zmescience.com)
Humans1
- It is one of three endorphins that are produced in humans, the others of which include α-endorphin and γ-endorphin. (wikipedia.org)
Injury1
- When your body experiences pain or stress, whether it's a mild prick or a severe injury, endorphins come to the rescue. (zmescience.com)
Depression3
- Endorphins have been linked clinically to cases of mental issues, including autism, depression, and depersonalization disorder. (zmescience.com)
- Recent research suggests that the endorphin system may be disrupted in psychological disorders such as depression. (zmescience.com)
- Trampolining can help combat depression, anxiety and minimize stress by increasing the amount of endorphins released by the brain. (lifehack.org)
Induced arthritis2
Effects1
- Global function of β-endorphin is related to decreasing bodily stress and maintaining homeostasis resulting in pain management, reward effects, and behavioral stability. (wikipedia.org)
Secondary2
- The formation of β-endorphin is then the result of cleavage of the C-terminal region of β-lipotropin, producing a 31 amino acid-long neuropeptide with an alpha-helical secondary structure. (wikipedia.org)
- The structure of β-endorphin in part accounts for this through its resistance to proteolytic enzymes, as its secondary structure makes it less vulnerable to degradation. (wikipedia.org)
Measurement1
- Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat beta Endorphin in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. (operatiebrp.nl)
Feelings1
- Endorphins serve as natural painkillers, capable of reducing discomfort and promoting feelings of well-being. (zmescience.com)
Play a role1
- In this early postpartum period, endorphins are believed to play a role in strengthening the mother-infant relationship. (thenakedbirth.com)
Stress1
- In the broadest sense, β-endorphin is primarily utilized in the body to reduce stress and maintain homeostasis. (wikipedia.org)
Body1
- Endorphins are like the conductors of an orchestra, orchestrating a symphony of sensations and emotions in your body. (zmescience.com)
Function3
- Nevertheless, they harmonize with beta-endorphins, complementing their function and adding depth to the overall performance. (zmescience.com)
- They're thought to have a role in reducing pain, though their function isn't as well understood as the alpha and beta types. (zmescience.com)
- β-Endorphin function is said to be divided into two main categories: local function and global function. (wikipedia.org)
Role1
- Endorphins also play a starring role in the feel-good sensations often experienced during exercise, laughter, love, and the consumption of certain foods. (zmescience.com)
Increase2
System1
- In behavioral research, studies have shown that β-endorphin is released via volume transmission into the ventricular system in response to a variety of stimuli, and novel stimuli in particular. (wikipedia.org)
Exercise1
- 1997). Beta-endorphin response to exercise: an update. (bvsalud.org)
Pituitaries1
- Characterization of the peptide acetyltransferase activity in bovine and rat intermediate pituitaries responsible for the acetylation of beta-endorphin and alpha-melanotropin. (glembotskilab.org)
Pain management1
- But the functions of endorphins don't stop at pain management . (zmescience.com)
Family1
- Beta-endorphins are the rockstars of the endorphin family. (zmescience.com)
Samples1
- Venous blood samples were collected mined by commercially available radio- using plain tubes for routine tests and chilled immunoassay kits for met-enkephalin, polyethylene tubes containing aprotinin -endorphin and leu-enkephalin (Penin- and/or ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid sula Laboratories Inc, Division of Bachem, (EDTA). (who.int)
Cell1
- Description: This is Competitive Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Cattle Beta-Endorphin (bEP) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids. (operatiebrp.nl)
Rise1
- For women who don't use pain medication during labor, the level of endorphins continues to rise steadily and steeply through the birth of the baby. (thenakedbirth.com)