beta Carotene
Carotenoids
Vitamin E
Vitamin A
Oral Submucous Fibrosis
Antioxidants
Vitamins
Ascorbic Acid
Dietary Supplements
Phycomyces
Double-Blind Method
alpha-Tocopherol
beta-Carotene 15,15'-Monooxygenase
zeta Carotene
Geranylgeranyl-Diphosphate Geranylgeranyltransferase
Cataract
Risk
Incidence
Treatment Failure
Interleukin-1beta
Follow-Up Studies
Lutein
Cardiovascular Diseases
Intramolecular Lyases
Proportional Hazards Models
beta 2-Microglobulin
Daucus carota
Vitamin A Deficiency
Norisoprenoids
Plants, Edible
Receptors, Adrenergic, beta
Integrin beta3
Mucorales
The food matrix of spinach is a limiting factor in determining the bioavailability of beta-carotene and to a lesser extent of lutein in humans. (1/1433)
Carotenoid bioavailability depends, amongst other factors, on the food matrix and on the type and extent of processing. To examine the effect of variously processed spinach products and of dietary fiber on serum carotenoid concentrations, subjects received, over a 3-wk period, a control diet (n = 10) or a control diet supplemented with carotenoids or one of four spinach products (n = 12 per group): whole leaf spinach with an almost intact food matrix, minced spinach with the matrix partially disrupted, enzymatically liquefied spinach in which the matrix was further disrupted and the liquefied spinach to which dietary fiber (10 g/kg wet weight) was added. Consumption of spinach significantly increased serum concentrations of all-trans-beta-carotene, cis-beta-carotene, (and consequently total beta-carotene), lutein, alpha-carotene and retinol and decreased the serum concentration of lycopene. Serum total beta-carotene responses (changes in serum concentrations from the start to the end of the intervention period) differed significantly between the whole leaf and liquefied spinach groups and between the minced and liquefied spinach groups. The lutein response did not differ among spinach groups. Addition of dietary fiber to the liquefied spinach had no effect on serum carotenoid responses. The relative bioavailability as compared to bioavailability of the carotenoid supplement for whole leaf, minced, liquefied and liquefied spinach plus added dietary fiber for beta-carotene was 5.1, 6.4, 9.5 and 9.3%, respectively, and for lutein 45, 52, 55 and 54%, respectively. We conclude that the bioavailability of lutein from spinach was higher than that of beta-carotene and that enzymatic disruption of the matrix (cell wall structure) enhanced the bioavailability of beta-carotene from whole leaf and minced spinach, but had no effect on lutein bioavailability. (+info)Maternal vitamin A or beta-carotene supplementation in lactating bangladeshi women benefits mothers and infants but does not prevent subclinical deficiency. (2/1433)
The effects of maternal postpartum vitamin A or beta-carotene supplementation on maternal and infant serum retinol concentrations, modified relative dose-response (MRDR) ratios and breast milk vitamin A concentrations were assessed during a community-based trial in Matlab, Bangladesh. At 1-3 wk postpartum, women were randomly assigned to receive either (1) a single dose of 200,000 international units [60,000 retinol equivalents (RE)] vitamin A followed by daily placebos (n = 74), (2) daily doses of beta-carotene [7.8 mg (1300 RE)] (n = 73) or (3) daily placebos (n = 73) until 9 mo postpartum. Compared to placebos, vitamin A supplementation resulted in lower maternal MRDR ratios (i.e., increased liver stores) and higher milk vitamin A concentrations at 3 mo, but these improvements were not sustained. The beta-carotene supplementation acted more slowly, resulting in milk vitamin A concentrations higher than the placebo group only at 9 mo. Irrespective of treatment group, over 50% of women produced milk with low vitamin A concentrations (/=0. 06. We conclude that while both interventions were beneficial, neither was sufficient to correct the underlying subclinical vitamin A deficiency in these women nor to bring their infants into adequate vitamin A status. (+info)A survey of serum and dietary carotenoids in captive wild animals. (3/1433)
Accumulation of carotenoids varies greatly among animal species and is not fully characterized. Circulating carotenoid concentration data in captive wild animals are limited and may be useful for their management. Serum carotenoid concentrations and dietary intakes were surveyed and the extent of accumulation categorized for 76 species of captive wild animals at Brookfield Zoo. Blood samples were obtained opportunistically from 275 individual animals immobilized for a variety of reasons; serum was analyzed for alpha- and beta-carotene, lutein + zeaxanthin, lycopene, beta-cryptoxanthin and canthaxanthin. Total carotenoid content of diets was calculated from tables and chemical analyses of commonly consumed dietary components. Diets were categorized as low, moderate or high in carotenoid content as were total serum carotenoid concentrations. Animals were classified as unknown, high, moderate or low (non-) accumulators of dietary cartenoids. Nonaccumulators had total serum carotenoid concentrations of 0-101 nmol/L, whereas accumulators had concentrations that ranged widely, from 225 to 35,351 nmol/L. Primates were uniquely distinguished by the widest range of type and concentration of carotenoids in their sera. Most were classified as high to moderate accumulators. Felids had high accumulation of beta-carotene regardless of dietary intake, whereas a wide range of exotic birds accumulated only the xanthophylls, lutein + zeaxanthin, canthaxanthin or cryptoxanthin. The exotic ungulates, with the exception of the bovids, had negligible or nondetectable carotenoid serum concentrations despite moderate intakes. Bovids accumulated only beta-carotene despite moderately high lutein + zeaxanthin intakes. Wild captive species demonstrated a wide variety of carotenoid accumulation patterns, which could be exploited to answer remaining questions concerning carotenoid metabolism and function. (+info)Accumulation of astaxanthin all-E, 9Z and 13Z geometrical isomers and 3 and 3' RS optical isomers in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is selective. (4/1433)
Concentrations of all-E-, 9Z- and 13Z- geometrical and (3R,3'R), (3R, 3'S) and (3S,3'S) optical isomers of astaxanthin were determined in rainbow trout liver, gut tissues, kidney, skin and blood plasma to evaluate their body distribution. Two cold-pelleted diets containing predominantly all-E-astaxanthin (36.9 mg/kg astaxanthin, 97% all-E-, 0.4% 9Z-, 1.5% 13Z-astaxanthin, and 1.1% other isomers, respectively) or a mixture of all-E- and Z-astaxanthins (35.4 mg/kg astaxanthin, 64% all-E-, 18.7% 9Z-, 12.3% 13Z-astaxanthin, and 2.0% other isomers, respectively), were fed to duplicate groups of trout for 69 d. Individual E/Z isomers were identified by VIS- and 1H-NMR-spectrometry, and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography. Significantly higher total carotenoid concentration was observed in plasma of trout fed diets with all-E-astaxanthin (P < 0.05). The relative E/Z-isomer concentrations of plasma, skin and kidney were not significantly different among groups, whereas all-E-astaxanthin was higher in intestinal tissues and 13Z-astaxanthin was lower in liver of trout fed all-E-astaxanthin (P < 0.05). The relative amount of hepatic 13Z-astaxanthin (39-49% of total astaxanthin) was higher than in all other samples (P < 0.05). Synthetic, optically inactive astaxanthin was used in all experiments, and the determined dietary ratio between the 3R,3'R:3R, 3'S (meso):3S,3'S optical isomers was 25.3:49.6:25.1. The distribution of R/S-astaxanthin isomers in feces, blood, liver and fillet was similar to that in the diets. The ratio between (3S,3'S)- and (3R,3'R)-astaxanthin in the skin and posterior kidney was ca. 2:1 and 3:1, respectively, regardless of dietary E/Z-astaxanthin composition. The results show that geometrical and optical isomers of astaxanthin are distributed selectively in different tissues of rainbow trout. (+info)Carotenoid intakes, assessed by dietary questionnaire, are associated with plasma carotenoid concentrations in an elderly population. (5/1433)
High intakes of fruits and vegetables and of carotenoids are associated with a lower risk for a variety of chronic diseases. It is therefore important to test the validity of dietary questionnaires that assess these intakes. We compared intakes of five carotenoids, as calculated from responses to the Willett 126-item food-frequency questionnaire, with corresponding biochemical measures. Subjects included 346 women and 201 men, aged 67-93 y, in the Framingham Heart Study. Unadjusted correlations were higher among women than men as follows: alpha-carotene 0.33 and 0.18, beta-carotene, 0.36 and 0.25; beta-cryptoxanthin, 0.44 and 0.32; lycopene, 0.35 and 0.21; and lutein + zeaxanthin, 0.27 and 0.10, respectively. Adjustment for age, energy intake, body mass index (BMI, kg/m2), plasma cholesterol concentrations and smoking reduced the gender differences, respectively, to the following: alpha-carotene 0.30 and 0.28; beta-carotene, 0.34 and 0.31; beta-cryptoxanthin, 0.45 and 0.36; lycopene, 0.36 and 0.31; and lutein + zeaxanthin, 0.24 and 0.14. Plots of adjusted mean plasma carotenoid concentration by quintile of respective carotenoid intake show apparent greater responsiveness among women, compared with men, to dietary intake of alpha- and beta-carotene and beta-cryptoxanthin, but similar blood-diet relationships for lycopene and lutein + zeaxanthin. Reported daily intake of fruits and vegetables correlated most strongly with plasma beta-cryptoxanthin and beta-carotene among women and with plasma alpha- and beta-carotene among men. With the exception of lutein + zeaxanthin, this dietary questionnaire does provide reasonable rankings of carotenoid status among elderly subjects, with the strongest correlations for beta-cryptoxanthin. Appropriate adjustment of confounders is necessary to clarify these associations among men. (+info)Paracoccus carotinifaciens sp. nov., a new aerobic gram-negative astaxanthin-producing bacterium. (6/1433)
The strain E-396T, isolated from soil, was Gram-negative, aerobic, orange-pigmented, rod-shaped, motile by peritrichous flagella and astaxanthin-producing. This organism produced carotenoids, mainly astaxanthin, and did not produce bacteriochlorophyll. The ubiquinone system was Q-10. Analysis of the 16S rRNA sequence of strain E-396T showed it to be a member of the alpha-3 subclass of the Proteobacteria, forming a cluster with the species of the genus Paracoccus. On the basis of the production of orange pigments and motility by peritrichous flagella, together with DNA-DNA reassociation data, it is concluded that the new isolate should be classified into a new species of the genus Paracoccus, Paracoccus carotinifaciens sp. nov. The type strain is E-396T (= IFO 16121T). (+info)Effect of vitamin A and beta carotene supplementation on women's health.(7/1433)
(+info)Double blind, cluster randomised trial of low dose supplementation with vitamin A or beta carotene on mortality related to pregnancy in Nepal. The NNIPS-2 Study Group. (8/1433)
OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact on mortality related to pregnancy of supplementing women of reproductive age each week with a recommended dietary allowance of vitamin A, either preformed or as beta carotene. DESIGN: Double blind, cluster randomised, placebo controlled field trial. SETTING: Rural southeast central plains of Nepal (Sarlahi district). SUBJECTS: 44 646 married women, of whom 20 119 became pregnant 22 189 times. INTERVENTION: 270 wards randomised to 3 groups of 90 each for women to receive weekly a single oral supplement of placebo, vitamin A (7000 micrograms retinol equivalents) or beta carotene (42 mg, or 7000 micrograms retinol equivalents) for over 31/2 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: All cause mortality in women during pregnancy up to 12 weeks post partum (pregnancy related mortality) and mortality during pregnancy to 6 weeks postpartum, excluding deaths apparently related to injury (maternal mortality). RESULTS: Mortality related to pregnancy in the placebo, vitamin A, and beta carotene groups was 704, 426, and 361 deaths per 100 000 pregnancies, yielding relative risks (95% confidence intervals) of 0. 60 (0.37 to 0.97) and 0.51 (0.30 to 0.86). This represented reductions of 40% (P<0.04) and 49% (P<0.01) among those who received vitamin A and beta carotene. Combined, vitamin A or beta carotene lowered mortality by 44% (0.56 (0.37 to 0.84), P<0.005) and reduced the maternal mortality ratio from 645 to 385 deaths per 100 000 live births, or by 40% (P<0.02). Differences in cause of death could not be reliably distinguished between supplemented and placebo groups. CONCLUSION: Supplementation of women with either vitamin A or beta carotene at recommended dietary amounts during childbearing years can lower mortality related to pregnancy in rural, undernourished populations of south Asia. (+info)Beta-carotene is a type of carotenoid, which is a pigment found in plants that gives them their vibrant colors. It is commonly found in fruits and vegetables, such as carrots, sweet potatoes, and spinach.
Beta-carotene is converted into vitamin A in the body, which is an essential nutrient for maintaining healthy vision, immune function, and cell growth. It acts as an antioxidant, helping to protect cells from damage caused by free radicals.
According to the medical definition, beta-carotene is a provitamin A carotenoid that is converted into vitamin A in the body. It has a variety of health benefits, including supporting eye health, boosting the immune system, and reducing the risk of certain types of cancer. However, it is important to note that excessive consumption of beta-carotene supplements can lead to a condition called carotenemia, which causes the skin to turn yellow or orange.
Carotenoids are a class of pigments that are naturally occurring in various plants and fruits. They are responsible for the vibrant colors of many vegetables and fruits, such as carrots, pumpkins, tomatoes, and leafy greens. There are over 600 different types of carotenoids, with beta-carotene, alpha-carotene, lycopene, lutein, and zeaxanthin being some of the most well-known.
Carotenoids have antioxidant properties, which means they can help protect the body's cells from damage caused by free radicals. Some carotenoids, such as beta-carotene, can be converted into vitamin A in the body, which is important for maintaining healthy vision, skin, and immune function. Other carotenoids, such as lycopene and lutein, have been studied for their potential role in preventing chronic diseases, including cancer and heart disease.
In addition to being found in plant-based foods, carotenoids can also be taken as dietary supplements. However, it is generally recommended to obtain nutrients from whole foods rather than supplements whenever possible, as food provides a variety of other beneficial compounds that work together to support health.
Medical Definition of Vitamin E:
Vitamin E is a fat-soluble antioxidant that plays a crucial role in protecting your body's cells from damage caused by free radicals, which are unstable molecules produced when your body breaks down food or is exposed to environmental toxins like cigarette smoke and radiation. Vitamin E is also involved in immune function, DNA repair, and other metabolic processes.
It is a collective name for a group of eight fat-soluble compounds that include four tocopherols and four tocotrienols. Alpha-tocopherol is the most biologically active form of vitamin E in humans and is the one most commonly found in supplements.
Vitamin E deficiency is rare but can occur in people with certain genetic disorders or who cannot absorb fat properly. Symptoms of deficiency include nerve and muscle damage, loss of feeling in the arms and legs, muscle weakness, and vision problems.
Food sources of vitamin E include vegetable oils (such as sunflower, safflower, and wheat germ oil), nuts and seeds (like almonds, peanuts, and sunflower seeds), and fortified foods (such as cereals and some fruit juices).
Medical Definition of Vitamin A:
Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin that is essential for normal vision, immune function, and cell growth. It is also an antioxidant that helps protect the body's cells from damage caused by free radicals. Vitamin A can be found in two main forms: preformed vitamin A, which is found in animal products such as dairy, fish, and meat, particularly liver; and provitamin A carotenoids, which are found in plant-based foods such as fruits, vegetables, and vegetable oils.
The most active form of vitamin A is retinoic acid, which plays a critical role in the development and maintenance of the heart, lungs, kidneys, and other organs. Vitamin A deficiency can lead to night blindness, dry skin, and increased susceptibility to infections. Chronic vitamin A toxicity can cause nausea, dizziness, headaches, coma, and even death.
Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSF) is a chronic, progressive, and potentially disabling disease that affects the oral soft tissues. It is characterized by inflammation and fibrosis (excessive deposition of collagen) of the submucosal tissues, leading to stiffness and limitation of mouth opening, tongue movement, and occasionally swallowing or speaking difficulties. The condition primarily affects individuals with a history of areca nut (betel nut) chewing, although other factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, and genetic predisposition may also contribute to its development. Symptoms can include burning sensation in the mouth, dryness, and pain during speaking, eating, or swallowing. In severe cases, OSF can lead to significant functional impairment and require surgical intervention.
Antioxidants are substances that can prevent or slow damage to cells caused by free radicals, which are unstable molecules that the body produces as a reaction to environmental and other pressures. Antioxidants are able to neutralize free radicals by donating an electron to them, thus stabilizing them and preventing them from causing further damage to the cells.
Antioxidants can be found in a variety of foods, including fruits, vegetables, nuts, and grains. Some common antioxidants include vitamins C and E, beta-carotene, and selenium. Antioxidants are also available as dietary supplements.
In addition to their role in protecting cells from damage, antioxidants have been studied for their potential to prevent or treat a number of health conditions, including cancer, heart disease, and age-related macular degeneration. However, more research is needed to fully understand the potential benefits and risks of using antioxidant supplements.
Vitamins are organic substances that are essential in small quantities for the normal growth, development, and maintenance of life in humans. They are required for various biochemical functions in the body such as energy production, blood clotting, immune function, and making DNA.
Unlike macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, and fats), vitamins do not provide energy but they play a crucial role in energy metabolism. Humans require 13 essential vitamins, which can be divided into two categories: fat-soluble and water-soluble.
Fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K) are stored in the body's fat tissues and liver, and can stay in the body for a longer period of time. Water-soluble vitamins (B-complex vitamins and vitamin C) are not stored in the body and need to be replenished regularly through diet or supplementation.
Deficiency of vitamins can lead to various health problems, while excessive intake of certain fat-soluble vitamins can also be harmful due to toxicity. Therefore, it is important to maintain a balanced diet that provides all the essential vitamins in adequate amounts.
Ascorbic acid is the chemical name for Vitamin C. It is a water-soluble vitamin that is essential for human health. Ascorbic acid is required for the synthesis of collagen, a protein that plays a role in the structure of bones, tendons, ligaments, and blood vessels. It also functions as an antioxidant, helping to protect cells from damage caused by free radicals.
Ascorbic acid cannot be produced by the human body and must be obtained through diet or supplementation. Good food sources of vitamin C include citrus fruits, strawberries, bell peppers, broccoli, and spinach.
In the medical field, ascorbic acid is used to treat or prevent vitamin C deficiency and related conditions, such as scurvy. It may also be used in the treatment of various other health conditions, including common cold, cancer, and cardiovascular disease, although its effectiveness for these uses is still a matter of scientific debate.
A dietary supplement is a product that contains nutrients, such as vitamins, minerals, amino acids, herbs or other botanicals, and is intended to be taken by mouth, to supplement the diet. Dietary supplements can include a wide range of products, such as vitamin and mineral supplements, herbal supplements, and sports nutrition products.
Dietary supplements are not intended to treat, diagnose, cure, or alleviate the effects of diseases. They are intended to be used as a way to add extra nutrients to the diet or to support specific health functions. It is important to note that dietary supplements are not subject to the same rigorous testing and regulations as drugs, so it is important to choose products carefully and consult with a healthcare provider if you have any questions or concerns about using them.
"Phycomyces" is not a medical term, but a genus name in the fungal kingdom, specifically within the division Mucoromycota. It belongs to the family Physalacriaceae and includes various species of saprophytic fungi that are commonly found in soil and decaying organic matter. They are known for producing large, quickly growing sporangiophores and sporangia.
In a medical context, certain fungal infections can be caused by related molds in the same division (Mucoromycota), but "Phycomyces" itself is not typically associated with human diseases.
The double-blind method is a study design commonly used in research, including clinical trials, to minimize bias and ensure the objectivity of results. In this approach, both the participants and the researchers are unaware of which group the participants are assigned to, whether it be the experimental group or the control group. This means that neither the participants nor the researchers know who is receiving a particular treatment or placebo, thus reducing the potential for bias in the evaluation of outcomes. The assignment of participants to groups is typically done by a third party not involved in the study, and the codes are only revealed after all data have been collected and analyzed.
Alpha-tocopherol is the most active form of vitamin E in humans and is a fat-soluble antioxidant that helps protect cells from damage caused by free radicals. It plays a role in immune function, cell signaling, and metabolic processes. Alpha-tocopherol is found naturally in foods such as nuts, seeds, leafy green vegetables, and vegetable oils, and it is also available as a dietary supplement.
Beta-Carotene 15,15'-Monooxygenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of beta-carotene to retinal, which is a form of vitamin A. This enzyme adds a single oxygen atom to the beta-carotene molecule at the 15,15' position, creating two molecules of retinal.
Retinal is an essential nutrient that plays a critical role in vision, immune function, and cell growth and differentiation. Deficiency in vitamin A can lead to various health issues, including night blindness, impaired immunity, and growth retardation.
Beta-Carotene 15,15'-Monooxygenase is primarily found in the intestinal mucosa of humans and other mammals, where it helps convert dietary beta-carotene into a usable form of vitamin A. This enzyme is also present in some bacteria and fungi, where it plays a similar role in their metabolism of carotenoids.
Zeta-carotene is not a medical term, but rather a chemical compound found in nature. It is a type of carotenoid, which is a pigment that occurs naturally in plants and some microorganisms. Zeta-carotene is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of other carotenoids, such as lycopene and beta-carotene, which are important for human health. It is a linear hydrocarbon with 40 carbon atoms and has a colorless or light yellow appearance. Zeta-carotene does not have provitamin A activity, meaning it cannot be converted to vitamin A in the body.
Geranylgeranyl-diphosphate geranylgeranyltransferase is not a medical term, but rather a biochemical term. It refers to an enzyme that plays a role in the process of protein prenylation, which is the attachment of lipophilic groups (such as farnesyl or geranylgeranyl groups) to proteins.
More specifically, geranylgeranyl-diphosphate geranylgeranyltransferase type I (GGTI) is an enzyme that catalyzes the addition of a geranylgeranyl group from geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate to a cysteine residue in a protein substrate. This process is important for the localization and function of certain proteins, particularly those involved in signal transduction pathways.
Mutations or dysregulation of GGTIs have been implicated in various diseases, including cancer and neurological disorders. However, it's worth noting that this enzyme is not typically a focus of medical diagnosis or treatment, but rather an area of research interest for understanding the underlying mechanisms of certain diseases.
Smoking is not a medical condition, but it's a significant health risk behavior. Here is the definition from a public health perspective:
Smoking is the act of inhaling and exhaling the smoke of burning tobacco that is commonly consumed through cigarettes, pipes, and cigars. The smoke contains over 7,000 chemicals, including nicotine, tar, carbon monoxide, and numerous toxic and carcinogenic substances. These toxins contribute to a wide range of diseases and health conditions, such as lung cancer, heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and various other cancers, as well as adverse reproductive outcomes and negative impacts on the developing fetus during pregnancy. Smoking is highly addictive due to the nicotine content, which makes quitting smoking a significant challenge for many individuals.
A cataract is a clouding of the natural lens in the eye that affects vision. This clouding can cause vision to become blurry, faded, or dim, making it difficult to see clearly. Cataracts are a common age-related condition, but they can also be caused by injury, disease, or medication use. In most cases, cataracts develop gradually over time and can be treated with surgery to remove the cloudy lens and replace it with an artificial one.
In the context of medicine, risk is the probability or likelihood of an adverse health effect or the occurrence of a negative event related to treatment or exposure to certain hazards. It is usually expressed as a ratio or percentage and can be influenced by various factors such as age, gender, lifestyle, genetics, and environmental conditions. Risk assessment involves identifying, quantifying, and prioritizing risks to make informed decisions about prevention, mitigation, or treatment strategies.
In epidemiology, the incidence of a disease is defined as the number of new cases of that disease within a specific population over a certain period of time. It is typically expressed as a rate, with the number of new cases in the numerator and the size of the population at risk in the denominator. Incidence provides information about the risk of developing a disease during a given time period and can be used to compare disease rates between different populations or to monitor trends in disease occurrence over time.
Treatment failure is a term used in medicine to describe the situation when a prescribed treatment or intervention is not achieving the desired therapeutic goals or objectives. This may occur due to various reasons, such as:
1. Development of drug resistance by the pathogen or disease being treated.
2. Inadequate dosage or frequency of the medication.
3. Poor adherence or compliance to the treatment regimen by the patient.
4. The presence of underlying conditions or comorbidities that may affect the efficacy of the treatment.
5. The severity or progression of the disease despite appropriate treatment.
When treatment failure occurs, healthcare providers may need to reassess the patient's condition and modify the treatment plan accordingly, which may include adjusting the dosage, changing the medication, adding new medications, or considering alternative treatments.
Xanthophylls are a type of pigment known as carotenoids, which are naturally occurring in various plants and animals. They are characterized by their yellow to orange color and play an important role in photosynthesis. Unlike other carotenoids, xanthophylls contain oxygen in their chemical structure.
In the context of human health, xanthophylls are often studied for their potential antioxidant properties and their possible role in reducing the risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a leading cause of vision loss in older adults. The two main dietary sources of xanthophylls are lutein and zeaxanthin, which are found in green leafy vegetables, such as spinach and kale, as well as in other fruits and vegetables.
It's important to note that while a healthy diet rich in fruits and vegetables has many benefits for overall health, including eye health, more research is needed to fully understand the specific role of xanthophylls in preventing or treating diseases.
Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) is a member of the interleukin-1 cytokine family and is primarily produced by activated macrophages in response to inflammatory stimuli. It is a crucial mediator of the innate immune response and plays a key role in the regulation of various biological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. IL-1β is involved in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and atherosclerosis. It exerts its effects by binding to the interleukin-1 receptor, which triggers a signaling cascade that leads to the activation of various transcription factors and the expression of target genes.
Follow-up studies are a type of longitudinal research that involve repeated observations or measurements of the same variables over a period of time, in order to understand their long-term effects or outcomes. In medical context, follow-up studies are often used to evaluate the safety and efficacy of medical treatments, interventions, or procedures.
In a typical follow-up study, a group of individuals (called a cohort) who have received a particular treatment or intervention are identified and then followed over time through periodic assessments or data collection. The data collected may include information on clinical outcomes, adverse events, changes in symptoms or functional status, and other relevant measures.
The results of follow-up studies can provide important insights into the long-term benefits and risks of medical interventions, as well as help to identify factors that may influence treatment effectiveness or patient outcomes. However, it is important to note that follow-up studies can be subject to various biases and limitations, such as loss to follow-up, recall bias, and changes in clinical practice over time, which must be carefully considered when interpreting the results.
Lutein is a type of carotenoid, specifically a xanthophyll, that is naturally present in many fruits and vegetables. It is considered a dietary antioxidant with potential health benefits for the eyes. Lutein is not a vitamin, but it is often grouped with vitamins and minerals because of its importance to human health.
In the eye, lutein is selectively accumulated in the macula, a small area in the center of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision. It helps filter harmful blue light and protects the eye from oxidative damage, which may help maintain eye health and reduce the risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a leading cause of blindness in older adults.
It is important to note that lutein is not produced by the human body and must be obtained through dietary sources or supplements. Foods rich in lutein include dark leafy greens, such as spinach and kale, as well as other fruits and vegetables, such as corn, orange pepper, and egg yolk.
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a class of diseases that affect the heart and blood vessels. They are the leading cause of death globally, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). The term "cardiovascular disease" refers to a group of conditions that include:
1. Coronary artery disease (CAD): This is the most common type of heart disease and occurs when the arteries that supply blood to the heart become narrowed or blocked due to the buildup of cholesterol, fat, and other substances in the walls of the arteries. This can lead to chest pain, shortness of breath, or a heart attack.
2. Heart failure: This occurs when the heart is unable to pump blood efficiently to meet the body's needs. It can be caused by various conditions, including coronary artery disease, high blood pressure, and cardiomyopathy.
3. Stroke: A stroke occurs when the blood supply to a part of the brain is interrupted or reduced, often due to a clot or a ruptured blood vessel. This can cause brain damage or death.
4. Peripheral artery disease (PAD): This occurs when the arteries that supply blood to the limbs become narrowed or blocked, leading to pain, numbness, or weakness in the legs or arms.
5. Rheumatic heart disease: This is a complication of untreated strep throat and can cause damage to the heart valves, leading to heart failure or other complications.
6. Congenital heart defects: These are structural problems with the heart that are present at birth. They can range from mild to severe and may require medical intervention.
7. Cardiomyopathy: This is a disease of the heart muscle that makes it harder for the heart to pump blood efficiently. It can be caused by various factors, including genetics, infections, and certain medications.
8. Heart arrhythmias: These are abnormal heart rhythms that can cause the heart to beat too fast, too slow, or irregularly. They can lead to symptoms such as palpitations, dizziness, or fainting.
9. Valvular heart disease: This occurs when one or more of the heart valves become damaged or diseased, leading to problems with blood flow through the heart.
10. Aortic aneurysm and dissection: These are conditions that affect the aorta, the largest artery in the body. An aneurysm is a bulge in the aorta, while a dissection is a tear in the inner layer of the aorta. Both can be life-threatening if not treated promptly.
It's important to note that many of these conditions can be managed or treated with medical interventions such as medications, surgery, or lifestyle changes. If you have any concerns about your heart health, it's important to speak with a healthcare provider.
Intramolecular lyases are a type of enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of a molecule by removing a group of atoms from within the same molecule, creating a new chemical bond in the process. These enzymes specifically cleave a molecule through an intramolecular mechanism, meaning they act on a single substrate molecule. Intramolecular lyases are involved in various biological processes, such as DNA replication, repair, and recombination. They play a crucial role in maintaining the integrity of genetic material by removing or adding specific groups of atoms to DNA or RNA molecules.
Proportional hazards models are a type of statistical analysis used in medical research to investigate the relationship between covariates (predictor variables) and survival times. The most common application of proportional hazards models is in the Cox regression model, which is named after its developer, Sir David Cox.
In a proportional hazards model, the hazard rate or risk of an event occurring at a given time is assumed to be proportional to the hazard rate of a reference group, after adjusting for the covariates. This means that the ratio of the hazard rates between any two individuals remains constant over time, regardless of their survival times.
Mathematically, the hazard function h(t) at time t for an individual with a set of covariates X can be expressed as:
h(t|X) = h0(t) \* exp(β1X1 + β2X2 + ... + βpXp)
where h0(t) is the baseline hazard function, X1, X2, ..., Xp are the covariates, and β1, β2, ..., βp are the regression coefficients that represent the effect of each covariate on the hazard rate.
The assumption of proportionality is crucial in the interpretation of the results from a Cox regression model. If the assumption is violated, then the estimated regression coefficients may be biased and misleading. Therefore, it is important to test for the proportional hazards assumption before interpreting the results of a Cox regression analysis.
Beta-2 microglobulin (β2M) is a small protein that is a component of the major histocompatibility complex class I molecule, which plays a crucial role in the immune system. It is found on the surface of almost all nucleated cells in the body and is involved in presenting intracellular peptides to T-cells for immune surveillance.
β2M is produced at a relatively constant rate by cells throughout the body and is freely filtered by the glomeruli in the kidneys. Under normal circumstances, most of the filtrated β2M is reabsorbed and catabolized in the proximal tubules of the nephrons. However, when the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is decreased, as in chronic kidney disease (CKD), the reabsorption capacity of the proximal tubules becomes overwhelmed, leading to increased levels of β2M in the blood and its subsequent appearance in the urine.
Elevated serum and urinary β2M levels have been associated with various clinical conditions, such as CKD, multiple myeloma, autoimmune disorders, and certain infectious diseases. Measuring β2M concentrations can provide valuable information for diagnostic, prognostic, and monitoring purposes in these contexts.
Lung neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors in the lung tissue. These tumors can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Malignant lung neoplasms are further classified into two main types: small cell lung carcinoma and non-small cell lung carcinoma. Lung neoplasms can cause symptoms such as cough, chest pain, shortness of breath, and weight loss. They are often caused by smoking or exposure to secondhand smoke, but can also occur due to genetic factors, radiation exposure, and other environmental carcinogens. Early detection and treatment of lung neoplasms is crucial for improving outcomes and survival rates.
'Daucus carota' is the scientific name for the common carrot, a root vegetable that is widely consumed and cultivated around the world. Carrots are rich in beta-carotene, a type of vitamin A, and are also a good source of dietary fiber, vitamin K, potassium, and other nutrients.
The 'Daucus' part of the name refers to the genus of plants that carrots belong to, while 'carota' is the specific species name. This plant is native to Europe and Southwestern Asia, but it is now grown in many parts of the world due to its popularity as a food crop.
Carrots can be consumed raw or cooked and are often used in a variety of dishes such as salads, soups, stews, and juices. They come in different colors, including orange, purple, yellow, and white, although the most common type is the orange one. Carrots have numerous health benefits, such as improving vision, reducing the risk of heart disease, and promoting healthy skin.
Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is a condition that occurs when there is a lack of vitamin A in the diet. This essential fat-soluble vitamin plays crucial roles in vision, growth, cell division, reproduction, and immune system regulation.
In its severe form, VAD leads to xerophthalmia, which includes night blindness (nyctalopia) and keratomalacia - a sight-threatening condition characterized by dryness of the conjunctiva and cornea, with eventual ulceration and perforation. Other symptoms of VAD may include Bitot's spots (foamy, triangular, white spots on the conjunctiva), follicular hyperkeratosis (goose bump-like bumps on the skin), and increased susceptibility to infections due to impaired immune function.
Vitamin A deficiency is most prevalent in developing countries where diets are often low in animal source foods and high in plant-based foods with low bioavailability of vitamin A. It primarily affects children aged 6 months to 5 years, pregnant women, and lactating mothers. Prevention strategies include dietary diversification, food fortification, and supplementation programs.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Norisoprenoids" is not a widely recognized or established term in medicine or medical chemistry. It appears to be a term used primarily in the field of plant metabolism and natural products chemistry, referring to a class of compounds that are derived from the degradation of carotenoids (a type of isoprenoid) and have lost one or more methyl groups.
If you're asking about this term in a different context or if there's specific medical relevance you have in mind, could you please provide more details? I'd be happy to help further if I can.
Edible plants are those that can be safely consumed by humans and other animals as a source of nutrition. They have various parts (such as fruits, vegetables, seeds, roots, stems, and leaves) that can be used for food after being harvested and prepared properly. Some edible plants have been cultivated and domesticated for agricultural purposes, while others are gathered from the wild. It is important to note that not all plants are safe to eat, and some may even be toxic or deadly if consumed. Proper identification and knowledge of preparation methods are crucial before consuming any plant material.
Adrenergic receptors are a type of G protein-coupled receptor that binds and responds to catecholamines, such as epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline). Beta adrenergic receptors (β-adrenergic receptors) are a subtype of adrenergic receptors that include three distinct subclasses: β1, β2, and β3. These receptors are widely distributed throughout the body and play important roles in various physiological functions, including cardiovascular regulation, bronchodilation, lipolysis, and glucose metabolism.
β1-adrenergic receptors are primarily located in the heart and regulate cardiac contractility, chronotropy (heart rate), and relaxation. β2-adrenergic receptors are found in various tissues, including the lungs, vascular smooth muscle, liver, and skeletal muscle. They mediate bronchodilation, vasodilation, glycogenolysis, and lipolysis. β3-adrenergic receptors are mainly expressed in adipose tissue, where they stimulate lipolysis and thermogenesis.
Agonists of β-adrenergic receptors include catecholamines like epinephrine and norepinephrine, as well as synthetic drugs such as dobutamine (a β1-selective agonist) and albuterol (a non-selective β2-agonist). Antagonists of β-adrenergic receptors are commonly used in the treatment of various conditions, including hypertension, angina pectoris, heart failure, and asthma. Examples of β-blockers include metoprolol (a β1-selective antagonist) and carvedilol (a non-selective β-blocker with additional α1-adrenergic receptor blocking activity).
Integrin β3 is a subunit of certain integrin heterodimers, which are transmembrane receptors that mediate cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion. Integrin β3 combines with either integrin αv (to form the integrin αvβ3) or integrin αIIb (to form the integrin αIIbβ3). These integrins are involved in various cellular processes, including platelet aggregation, angiogenesis, and tumor metastasis.
Integrin αIIbβ3 is primarily expressed on platelets and mediates platelet aggregation by binding to fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor, and other adhesive proteins in the ECM. Integrin αvβ3 is widely expressed in various cell types and participates in diverse functions such as cell migration, proliferation, differentiation, and survival. It binds to a variety of ECM proteins, including fibronectin, vitronectin, and osteopontin, as well as to soluble ligands like vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β).
Dysregulation of integrin β3 has been implicated in several pathological conditions, such as thrombosis, atherosclerosis, tumor metastasis, and inflammatory diseases.
A diet, in medical terms, refers to the planned and regular consumption of food and drinks. It is a balanced selection of nutrient-rich foods that an individual eats on a daily or periodic basis to meet their energy needs and maintain good health. A well-balanced diet typically includes a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and low-fat dairy products.
A diet may also be prescribed for therapeutic purposes, such as in the management of certain medical conditions like diabetes, hypertension, or obesity. In these cases, a healthcare professional may recommend specific restrictions or modifications to an individual's regular diet to help manage their condition and improve their overall health.
It is important to note that a healthy and balanced diet should be tailored to an individual's age, gender, body size, activity level, and any underlying medical conditions. Consulting with a healthcare professional, such as a registered dietitian or nutritionist, can help ensure that an individual's dietary needs are being met in a safe and effective way.
Mucorales is a order of fungi that includes several genera of mold-like fungi, such as Mucor, Rhizopus, and Absidia. These fungi are commonly found in soil, decaying vegetation, and animal manure. Some species can cause mucormycosis, a serious and often life-threatening invasive fungal infection that primarily affects people with weakened immune systems, such as those with uncontrolled diabetes, cancer, or organ transplants. The infection typically begins in the respiratory tract, but it can spread to other parts of the body, including the sinuses, brain, and lungs. Mucormycosis is difficult to diagnose and treat, and it has a high mortality rate.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "fruit" is not a medical term per se. It is a common term used to describe the part of a plant that develops from the ovary after flowering and contains seeds. However, in a nutritional or dietary context, "fruits" are often referred to as foods that are typically sweet and juicy, and come from plants' flowers. They are rich in fiber, vitamins, and minerals, making them an essential part of a healthy diet. But in a strict medical sense, there isn't a specific definition for "fruit."
Erwinia is a genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that are primarily plant pathogens. They are part of the Enterobacteriaceae family and can be found in soil, water, and plant surfaces. Some species of Erwinia cause diseases in plants such as fireblight in apples and pears, soft rot in a wide range of vegetables, and bacterial leaf spot in ornamental plants. They can infect plants through wounds or natural openings and produce enzymes that break down plant tissues, causing decay and wilting.
It's worth noting that Erwinia species are not typically associated with human or animal diseases, except for a few cases where they have been reported to cause opportunistic infections in immunocompromised individuals.
Beta-carotene isomerase
Beta-carotene 3-hydroxylase
Beta-carotene 15,15'-dioxygenase
9-cis-beta-carotene 9',10'-cleaving dioxygenase
Multivitamin
Age-Related Eye Disease Study
Brummel & Brown
Falafel
Trivial name
World Vegetable Center
Senior dog diet
Ζ-Carotene
Tretinoin
Carotene
Coccinia grandis
Antioxidant
Β-Carotene
Retinal
Nectar
Devanahalli pomelo
Keith Usherwood Ingold
Photoinhibition
Edward H. Kass
Richard Peto
Sunburn
Fe'i banana
Chloroflexus islandicus
Golden rice
Nisoldipine
Carotenosis
Beta-carotene isomerase - Wikipedia
Beta-Carotene: MedlinePlus Supplements
Beta-Carotene: MedlinePlus Supplements
Beta-Carotene: Any Benefit for Retinitis Pigmentosa?
Beta Carotene Supplements Slow Down Cognitive Decline
What is beta carotene? What are the benefits?
beta-Carotene M970001
Beta Carotene | Apocarotenal | DSM Nutrition & Health
Browsing by Subject "beta Carotene"
Grant Abstract: Biologic Activity of Beta-Carotene Metabolites
A Healing Nutrient Profile: Beta-carotene | Read & Be Well | Canyon Ranch
The role of beta-carotene in the prevention of cardiovascular disease
Beta-Carotene - PubMed
Up the beta carotene for vitamin A needs
Vitamin Mineral Powder (Beta-Carotene; Calcium (Calcium Carbonate); Choline Bitartrate...) Gahler Enterprises
Product information, instructions, health benefits, and usage for Vitamin A Beta Carotene
The alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene lung cancer prevention study: design, methods, participant characteristics, and compliance....
Buy Beta Carotene 25000iu 100 ct Sg from Life Time and Save Big at Vitanetonline.com
DailyMed - OBSTETRIX EC- beta carotene, ascorbic acid, cholecalciferol, dl-alpha tocopheryl acetate, thiamine hydrochloride,...
beta carotene
MedlinePlus - Search Results for: ".ALPHA.-TOCOPHEROL," "DL-" OR ASCORBIC ACID OR ".BETA.-CAROTENE" OR CHOLECALCIFEROL OR...
Complementary and Alternative Medicine - Beta-carotene
Distribution of beta-carotene and vitamin A in lipoprotein fractions of ferret serum. Effect of beta-carotene supplementation
Safety of antioxidant vitamins and beta-carotene - PubMed
Beta Carotene - Pure Prescriptions
Carrots are a rich source of beta-carotene.
beta-Carotene Supplementation and Lung Cancer Incidence in the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study: The...
Beta-Carotene Benefits, Foods, Supplements and Side Effects - Dr. Axe
Beta Carotene And Vitamin B6 Intake Make Lupus Less Active - Credence Research
Carrots10
- But it is clearly a sensible idea to eat more beta carotene-rich foods like carrots, beets and sweet potatoes, and/or to take beta carotene supplements. (naturalnews.com)
- Carrots are also rich in carotenes, tocopherols, antioxidants, minerals and vitamin (vitamin E and K) soluble in the oleous stage. (makingcosmetics.com)
- Beta-carotene is found only in plants, particularly dark leafy green vegetables, bright orange/yellow fruits and vegetables like carrots, sweet potatoes and cantaloupe. (allstarhealth.com)
- When we think of beta-carotene, we usually think of carrots and other orange vegetables and fruits. (healwithfood.org)
- According to nutrient data provided by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), a 100-gram serving (about 3.5 ounces) of dandelion leaves delivers about 5854 micrograms of beta-carotene, which is equal to about 70% of the beta-carotene content of carrots . (healwithfood.org)
- A study published in the May 1998 issue of The Journal of Nutrition , for example, found that women who ate cooked carrots and spinach absorbed three times as much beta-carotene as women who ate raw carrots and spinach. (healwithfood.org)
- Should I cut down on sweet potatoes, carrots, broccoli, cantaloupe and other beta-carotene big shots? (egofelix.com)
- Orange You Glad For Beta-Carotene By Cindy Kerschner Everyone recognizes pumpkins, butternut squash and carrots as great vegetable sources for Beta-Carotene by their bright orange color. (foodiefriendsfridaydailydish.com)
- Carrots and other brightly colored vegetables and fruits are excellent sources of beta-carotene, a reddish-orange pigment found in many plants. (indexofsciences.com)
- In addition to carrots , spinach , and broccoli, are foods rich in beta-carotene. (indexofsciences.com)
Supplementation13
- The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of long-term daily supplementation with beta-carotene (50 mg/d) on circulating concentrations of other carotenoids, retinol, and alpha-tocopherol over time. (nih.gov)
- Supplementation with beta-carotene produced a persistent 9- to 10-fold increase in median plasma beta-carotene concentrations (225 nmol/L at baseline to 2255 nmol/L at 3 mo) and a persistent 2-fold increase in median plasma alpha-carotene concentrations (45 nmol/L at baseline to 95 nmol/L at 3 mo). (nih.gov)
- Up to 5 y of daily supplementation with beta-carotene increased circulating concentrations of alpha- and beta-carotene, but did not alter concentrations of lycopene, lutein/zeaxanthin, retinol, or alpha-tocopherol. (nih.gov)
- High serum or dietary levels of vitamin E and beta carotene appear to be associated with lower risk of stroke, but studies regarding their supplementation have not supported their use in stroke prevention. (nih.gov)
- Beta carotene supplementation appeared to increase the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage and modestly decrease that of cerebral infarction among men with greater alcohol consumption. (nih.gov)
- Beta-carotene supplementation used in the stallion and boar has shown to improve semen characteristics. (vin.com)
- Beta- carotene improved sperm motility from presupplementary 50-80% after supplementation. (vin.com)
- Dietary beta-carotene supplementation may represent an easy-to-apply measure to improve spermatogenesis and fertility in the white rhinoceros. (vin.com)
- by Vainio H. Beta carotene, vitamin A, and its synthetic and naturally occurring analogues, the retinoids, have The effect of beta-carotene supplementation on cancer incidence has been investigated in several randomized controlled trials. (web.app)
- Maternal vitamin A requirements are increased during lactation, but there are no specific guidelines for increased beta-carotene intake or indications for high-dose supplementation in nursing mothers. (drlact.com)
- 2] Beta-carotene supplementation during pregnancy and for 6 months postpartum in nursing mothers with poor diets in a resource-poor setting reduced the number of days of illness in the mothers,[3] but does not reduce infant morbidity or mortality according to another study. (drlact.com)
- 5] In HIV-infected women, high-dose beta-carotene plus vitamin A supplementation increases the rate of HIV viral shedding into breastmilk and increases HIV infection in breastfed infants, although the mortality rate over the first 2 years of life is not increased. (drlact.com)
- More study is needed to confirm the cognitive effects of beta-carotene supplementation. (indexofsciences.com)
Sources of beta-carotene2
- Dandelion greens, for example, are one of the best sources of beta-carotene (and yes, dandelion greens are edible , provided that they have not been exposed to pesticides, herbicides or pollution from traffic and exhaust fumes! (healwithfood.org)
- Dark green and orange-yellow vegetables are good sources of beta-carotene. (foundhealth.com)
Carotenoids3
- These capsules provide the carotenoids Beta Carotene and Lutein. (uk.com)
- rich in carotenoids (lutein, beta-carotene, lycopene) and have anti-cancer properties. (web.app)
- Beta-carotene is also often recommended for another reason: it is an antioxidant, like vitamin E and vitamin C . In observational studies , high intake of carotenoids from food has been associated with reduced risk of various illnesses (including heart disease and cancer). (foundhealth.com)
Dietary13
- Beta-Carotene is also an antioxidant and a source of vitamin A. These attributes, combined with Beta-Carotene's high pigmentation, make it an extremely effective and healthy color for use in food, beverage and dietary supplement applications. (dsm.com)
- In a recent study published in the journal Brain Sciences , scientists examine the role of β-carotene in maintaining cognitive performance and mental health, either alone or in combination with other dietary components. (news-medical.net)
- β-carotene is an essential natural carotenoid and dietary source of pro-vitamin A. Moreover, β-carotene possesses significant free radical scavenging and antioxidant properties due to the presence of abundant unsaturated bonds in its molecule. (news-medical.net)
- One recent study indicated that β-carotene dietary intake was inversely associated with cognitive function decline. (news-medical.net)
- Comparatively, long-term dietary β-carotene consumption at a higher concentration was linked with a lower possibility of poor cognitive function. (news-medical.net)
- In both groups of women, those who consumed the greatest amounts of beta-carotene intake obtained them from dietary supplements. (acsh.org)
- Beta-carotene is a fat-soluble vitamin, which means your body needs some dietary fat to break it down. (healwithfood.org)
- It appeared that a high intake of dietary carotene might significantly reduce the risk of lung cancer, 3 bladder cancer, 4 breast cancer, 5 esophageal cancer, 6 and stomach cancer. (foundhealth.com)
- Downregulation of Fzd6 and Cthrc1 and upregulation of olfactory receptors and protocadherins by dietary beta-carotene in lungs of Bcmo1-/- mice. (maastrichtuniversity.nl)
- Beta Carotene (Natural) is a very important dietary antioxidant which provides the body's defense system with the highest level of nutritional support. (vitalnutrientspro.co)
- Description Innovative Quality Since 1932 Dietary Supplement 1 Daily ActivGels™ Liquid-Fill Softgels Soy Free KAL® Beta Carotene ActivGels™ of. (healthcentralusa.com)
- 1973 With Beta Carotene & Carotenoid Complex Hair & Skin Health Dietary Supplement Lab Verified A Brighter Way 1973 S. (healthcentralusa.com)
- According to studies, getting your beta carotene from dietary sources that are rich in it and from supplements has been connected with several medical advantages. (indexofsciences.com)
Antioxidant9
- Beta Carotene: Beta carotene is a strong antioxidant and is also known as a "proVitamin A" for the skin. (brookstone.com)
- In the early 1990s, some animal studies and small, observational human studies suggested that beta-carotene, as an antioxidant, might have cancer-preventive properties. (acsh.org)
- Beta-carotene is a normal component of human colostrum and mature milk, where it contributes to antioxidant defenses in the neonate. (drlact.com)
- The remainder of this piece will discuss the most up-to-date findings on the health benefits of beta carotene and the foods that are rich in this antioxidant. (indexofsciences.com)
- Apart from being a source of the precursor vitamin A in the diet, beta-carotene also performs the role of an antioxidant. (indexofsciences.com)
- Some research suggests that the antioxidant benefits of beta-carotene can boost mental performance. (indexofsciences.com)
- Beta carotene is only one type of antioxidant found in veggies and fruits, but there is substantial proof that consuming a diet high in these foods helps protect against brain damage and diseases like dementia. (indexofsciences.com)
- ANTIOXIDANT - Beta carotene is a powerful antioxidant that helps protect against free radicals. (searchwellness.com)
- A powerful antioxidant, beta carotene may play a role in slowing the progression of cancer. (grocerymartsturgis.com)
Supplements10
- For example, the use of beta-carotene supplements was relatively uncommon in the population studied (only 2% used them), and very few of the supplement-users developed one of the cancers of interest -- only five in the never-smoking group and twelve in the ever-smoking group. (acsh.org)
- It is important to note that in these studies of the effects of carotenes on either mortality or cancer risk, the high doses of the nutrients were typically derived from supplements, not from foods. (acsh.org)
- Alpha-Tocopherol/Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study (ATBC), Finland (8-12) Alpha-tocopherol (50 mg per day) and/or beta-carotene (20 mg per day) supplements for 5 to 8 years: Middle-aged male smokers: Initial: increased incidence of lung cancer for those who took beta-carotene supplements Cancer Prevention. (web.app)
- All the significant positive evidence for beta-carotene applies to food sources, not supplements. (foundhealth.com)
- Beta-carotene is a particularly important carotenoid from a nutritional standpoint, because the body easily transforms it to vitamin A . While vitamin A supplements themselves can be toxic when taken to excess, it is believed (although not proven) that the body will make only as much vitamin A out of beta-carotene as it needs. (foundhealth.com)
- in fact, when taken in high doses for a long period of time, beta-carotene supplements might slightly increase the risk of heart disease and some forms of cancer. (foundhealth.com)
- We are not sure at the present time whether it is advisable to take dosages of beta-carotene supplements much higher than the recommended allowance for nutritional purposes, which is about 1.5 to 1.8 mg daily in adults. (foundhealth.com)
- Although individuals who consume foods high in beta-carotene appear to obtain some protection from heart disease and cancer, when researchers gave beta-carotene supplements to study participants, there was no protective effect. (foundhealth.com)
- High-dose beta-carotene supplements lead to a slow increase in breastmilk beta-carotene concentrations, with an accumulation half-life of about 9 days. (drlact.com)
- Consider taking beta carotene supplements. (cdc.gov)
Bioavailability of beta-carotene2
- In fact, there are a number of factors that influence the bioavailability of beta-carotene from foods like dandelion greens (bioavailability refers to the degree and rate at which your body absorbs a specific nutrient). (healwithfood.org)
- 4] The bioavailability of beta-carotene is dependent on the fat content of the meal and the form in which it is administered, with synthetic pharmaceutical forms having the best bioavailability. (drlact.com)
Retinol6
- Vitamin A, also known as beta-carotene or retinol, is a very important vitamin. (healthy.net)
- Humans and many other animals absorb beta -carotene from food sources through the walls of the small intestine, where it is converted enzymatically to vitamin A, or retinol. (fsu.edu)
- Concentrations of retinol, alpha-tocopherol, lycopene, and lutein/zeaxanthin were not affected by supplemental beta-carotene. (nih.gov)
- Drying can reduce the retinol and beta-carotene content of foods by up to 50% and cooking by 25%, so usually retinol and beta-carotene are considered thermostable [5,6] . (nutrientsreview.com)
- Vid intag av vitamin E kan oxidativ stress minskas vilket produceras av fria 4.1 Associations Between alfa-Tocopherol, beta-Carotene, and Retinol and Research on the relation of diet to the aetiology of cancer. (web.app)
- Retinol that is in overabundance is kept in the liver, and when it is required, the liver converts it into functional vitamin A. The reality that beta-carotene plays a role in the production of vitamin A, which is essential for keeping good mucus membranes and skin, is the fundamental reason that beta-carotene is beneficial to human health. (indexofsciences.com)
Effect of Beta-Carotene2
- The Effect of Beta-Carotene on Cognitive Function: A Systematic Review. (news-medical.net)
- Researchers have found that a diet high in beta carotene and other antioxidants may reduce the risk of certain cancers, including breast cancer, lung cancer, and pancreatic The harmful effect of beta‐carotene in smokers might also concern other cancer sites, as recently suggested by the results of the EPIC cohort study showing an increased risk of colorectal cancer associated to fruit and vegetable consumption in smokers. (web.app)
Carotenoid2
- Beta-carotene is a member of the carotenoid family, known for its intense pigments. (dsm.com)
- But it's not only the amount of beta-carotene that matters - if your body cannot break down the beta-carotene you get from your diet, this yellow-orange carotenoid will be of little use. (healwithfood.org)
Rich in beta-carotene1
- And according to them, the study findings confirmed that health lifestyle including consumption of fruits and vegetables rich in beta-carotene may prevent from CVD related deaths. (nutri-facts.org)
Level of beta carotene1
- The researchers found that for never-smokers, the highest level of beta-carotene use was associated with a significantly decreased risk of several cancers (including cancer of the lung, lower intestine, thyroid, ovary, and cervix). (acsh.org)
Known as beta-carotene2
- A molecule known as beta-carotene can be transformed into vitamin A once it enters the body. (indexofsciences.com)
- An enzyme known as beta-carotene 15 and 15 monooxygenases is responsible for the conversion of beta-carotene into vitamin A after it has been eaten into the body. (indexofsciences.com)
Intake of beta-carotene2
- Conversely, among ever-smokers (current as well as ex-smokers), high intake of beta-carotene was associated with an increased risk of such cancers. (acsh.org)
- In general, beta-carotene is well tolerated, although excessive maternal intake of beta-carotene can lead to a harmless, reversible discoloration of the breastfed infant's skin. (drlact.com)
Levels of beta-carotene2
- The strongest risk of CVD mortality was observed among smokers with the lowest levels of beta-carotene. (nutri-facts.org)
- The mother continued her diet and examination of the maternal serum found elevated levels of beta-carotene which was probably the cause of her infant's skin discoloration. (drlact.com)
Association of beta carotene2
- People with a double dose of one of the predisposing-to-diabetes genes were found to have a statistically significant, inverse association of beta carotene blood levels to their Type II diabetes risk. (naturalnews.com)
- 2) Touvier M, Kesse E, Clavel-Chapelon F, and Boutron-Ruault, M-C. Dual association of beta-carotene with risk of tobacco-related cancers in a cohort of French women. (acsh.org)
Lutein4
- Description California Gold Nutrition AstaCarotenoid mGold™ Lutein & Zeaxanthin from Marigold Flowers EVYTene™ Alpha, Beta & Ga. (healthcentralusa.com)
- Nilrich Bilberry Lutein Beta Carotene Capsules is a natural supplement which is mainly made of Bilberry Extract, Beta-carotene, Lutein, Starch and Magnesium Stearate. (greenleafbiotech.com)
- Nilrich Bilberry Lutein Beta Carotene Capsules contains 60 capsules per bottle. (greenleafbiotech.com)
- 100g of this product contains 8g of Proanthocynidin, 445mg of Beta Carotene and 400g of Lutein. (greenleafbiotech.com)
Makes Beta-Carotene1
- Assuming this is true, this built-in safety feature makes beta-carotene the best way to get your vitamin A. (foundhealth.com)
Vitamin E and beta carotene2
Smokers6
- Then, in 1994, a large study of heavy smokers suggested that beta-carotene slightly increased their risk of lung cancer (1). (acsh.org)
- For example, in one study they cited, the levels of carotenes in participants' plasma was directly correlated with mortality risk in smokers but inversely correlated with risk in non-smokers (3). (acsh.org)
- There is no evidence that high fruit and vegetable consumption, the main food sources of the carotenes, increases cancer risk, even in smokers. (acsh.org)
- Some research suggests that beta carotene, among other nutrients, can help reduce the risk of lung cancer, especially in smokers. (web.app)
- Study after study shows that people who eat the most beta-carotene in fruits and vegetables, smokers included, get less cancer and heart disease. (egofelix.com)
- Smokers who consume a lot of beta-carotene may be at a higher risk of developing lung cancer, according to one study. (indexofsciences.com)
Leafy2
- Provitamin A, mainly in the form of beta-carotene, is found in a wide variety of yellow- and orange-colored fruits and vegetables, as well as leafy green vegetables. (healthy.net)
- Beta carotene-rich leafy greens and bright yellow and orange vegetables combine for an eye-catching main course. (indexofsciences.com)
Lung3
- Human prospective and retrospective studies strongly indicate that beta-carotene protects against lung cancer and probably against stomach cancer. (athabascau.ca)
- An ongoing controversy exists on beneficial versus harmful effects of high beta-carotene (BC) intake, especially for the lung. (maastrichtuniversity.nl)
- Beta carotene is an organic compound that may help protect against lung cancer. (cdc.gov)
Antioxidants2
- People with diabetes, low thyroid activity, and those who use a lot of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) without antioxidants such as vitamin E have lowered ability to convert beta-carotene to A. Assimilation of vitamin A and the carotenes is helped by the presence of bile salts and fatty acids in the intestine. (healthy.net)
- Antioxidants such as beta-carotene contribute to the body's ability to either lessen or eliminate the effects of oxidative stress. (indexofsciences.com)
Gamma-carotene1
- Alpha, beta, and gamma carotene are considered provitamins because they can be converted to active vitamin A. (purestarchem.com)
Nutrient4
- However, Stanford University School of Medicine investigators have found a specific nutrient -- beta carotene -- may also impact the genetic risk and could offer protection from the disease. (naturalnews.com)
- High doses of beta-carotene, a lipid-soluble nutrient, may affect the plasma concentrations of other lipid-soluble nutrients. (nih.gov)
- The possible role of beta-carotene as a protective nutrient against cancer is reviewed. (athabascau.ca)
- Although beta-carotene is not a required nutrient, vitamin A is essential for health, and beta-carotene is converted into vitamin A in the body. (foundhealth.com)
Multivitamin1
- From the makers of Rep-Cal, Herptivite is a multivitamin, multimineral, and amino acid food supplement for herptiles without Vitamin A. Instead it uses Beta Carotene so it eliminates the threat of Vitamin A toxicity. (beanfarm.com)
Free radicals1
- Blend of sunflower seed oil, carrot seed oil, and carrot extract enriched with beta-carotene and vitamin C. Beta-carotene effectively prevents and controls the production of free radicals and also reduces free radical reactions and restrict oxidative/free radicals-induced damage. (makingcosmetics.com)
Fruits2
- Several carotene pigments found in foods, mainly yellow and orange vegetables and fruits, can be converted to vitamin A in our body and thus are termed provitamin A. Beta-carotene is the most available and also the one that yields the highest amount of A. (healthy.net)
- Beta-carotene is a compound found in a wide variety of fruits and vegetables. (acsh.org)
Spinach1
- In another study, published in the February 1999 issue of The Journal of Nutrition , beta-carotene in spinach leaves became bioavailable when the leaves were minced or liquefied before consumption. (healwithfood.org)
Tocopherols1
- Both alpha- and beta-carotene, but not tocopherols and vitamin C, are inversely related to 15-year cardiovascular mortality in Dutch elderly men. (nutri-facts.org)
Serum3
- Thus, β-carotene serum levels appear to be a significant predictor of semantic memory performance. (news-medical.net)
- The study results showed that low serum concentrations of beta-carotene were strongly linked to an increased CVD-related mortality risk among participants with a risk factor such as overweight, hypertension , diabetes or smoking. (nutri-facts.org)
- The researchers concluded that elevated serum concentrations of beta-carotene may decrease the risk of CVD death significantly. (nutri-facts.org)
Concentrations3
- A new study from Finland reports that low concentrations of beta-carotene in the blood may increase the risk for mortality due to cardiovascular diseases among men nearly twofold. (nutri-facts.org)
- Low beta-carotene concentrations increase the risk of cardiovascular disease mortality among Finnish men with risk factors. (nutri-facts.org)
- but the rank order of inhibitory activity from highest to lowest at plate concentrations of 860 and 2600 nanomoles was chlorophyllin, vitamin-A, retinoic- acid, and beta-carotene. (cdc.gov)
Salina1
- Natural presentation of beta carotene derived from Dunaliella Salina algae. (approvedvitamins.com)
751301
- 1) Beta-carotene 2) CI 75130 3) CI 40800. (web.app)
Milligrams1
- The amount of vitamin A believed to be required by the human body on a daily basis, however, is relatively small (1.0 milligrams), and can be provided by the intake of approximately 6.0 milligrams of beta -carotene. (fsu.edu)
Provitamin1
- Beta carotene, also known as provitamin A, may help decrease the risk of developing cancer. (web.app)
Supplement3
- in general, 2 mcg of beta-carotene in supplement form is thought to be equivalent to 1 mcg of vitamin A. See the article on vitamin A for requirements based on age and sex. (foundhealth.com)
- If I take a beta-carotene supplement, should I stop? (egofelix.com)
- Action: If you still choose to take a special supplement of beta-carotene, look for one with no more than 6 mg. (equal to the recommended vitamin A for a man). (egofelix.com)
Epidemiological1
- Some epidemiological studies have presented inconclusive results regarding how β-carotene influences cognitive function. (news-medical.net)
Body's1
- In the following paragraphs, we provide some tips on how you can improve your body's uptake of beta-carotene from meals containing dandelion greens. (healwithfood.org)
Prevention6
- Data were available from 259 men and women participating in the Carotene Prevention Trial, a 2-center chemoprevention trial designed to determine whether supplemental beta-carotene can prevent second malignant tumors in patients cured of an early stage cancer of the oral cavity, pharynx, or larynx. (nih.gov)
- To determine if vitamin E (dl-alpha tocopherol) and beta carotene supplementations could be used in prevention of stroke in men at high risk for hemorrhagic or ischemic events. (nih.gov)
- Population-based, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 2 x 2 factorial design trial (the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study), conducted from April 1985 through April 30, 1993, with median follow-up of 6 years. (nih.gov)
- 1) Alpha-tocopherol beta carotene cancer prevention study group. (acsh.org)
- The Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC) Study was conducted in Finland as a joint project between the National Institute for Health and Welfare of Finland and the US National Cancer Institute (NCI). (web.app)
- The story of beta-carotene and cancer prevention is full of apparent contradictions. (foundhealth.com)
Toxicity1
- It uses Beta Carotene rather than Vitamin A so there is no threat of Vitamin A toxicity. (beanfarm.com)
Karoten7
- Beta Carotene zawiera beta-karoten, czyli prowitaminę witaminy A należącą do grupy karotenoidów, występującą w naturze w żółtych i pomarańczowych owocach i warzywach. (revigo.pl)
- Beta-karoten spełnia funkcję naturalnego filtra przeciwsłonecznego, ponieważ zmniejsza wrażliwość skóry na promieniowanie UV a jego systematyczne zażywanie sprawia, że skóra nabiera koloru pięknej opalenizny. (revigo.pl)
- Beta-karoten to silny antyoksydant, a jako prowitamina witaminy A wpływa na prawidłowe funkcjonowanie wzroku. (revigo.pl)
- Beta-karoten pomaga utrzymać dobry wzrok, pomaga zachować zdrową skórę, wspiera układ odpornościowy, pomaga chronić skórę przed promieniowaniem ultrafioletowym. (revigo.pl)
- W skład produktu wchodzi prowitamina beta-karoten. (revigo.pl)
- Trzeba również podkreślić fakt, że organizm ludzki zamienia prowitaminę beta-karoten w witaminę A. Do jej zalet należy fakt, że ma pozytywny wpływ na naszą skórę oraz na wzrok. (revigo.pl)
- beta karoten 15 mg (~ 25.000 I. U. witamina A). Kapsułka żelatynowa. (revigo.pl)
Cardiovascular1
- 6) Beta-carotene to prevent cardiovascular diseases. (purestarchem.com)
Absorption1
- Plant sterols , used to treat high cholesterol , may impair absorption of beta-carotene. (foundhealth.com)
Strengthen1
- According to a study that was conducted in 2012, receiving an adequate amount of reactive micronutrients, such as beta carotene, can strengthen the barrier that protects the skin against the effects of UV radiation, which in turn contributes to the skin's health and beauty. (indexofsciences.com)
Inhibition1
- Dessa är till exempel stärkning av immunförsvaret, bot mot cancer, hämning av virus Inhibition of experimental oral carcinogenesis by topical beta carotene. (web.app)
Retinoids1
- We used a Beta-carotene 15,15'-monooxygenase 1 (Bcmo1) knockout mouse (Bcmo1(-/-)) model, unable to convert BC to retinoids, and wild type mice (Bcmo1(+/+)) mice to dissect the effects of intact BC from effects of BC metabolites. (maastrichtuniversity.nl)
Converted into vitamin2
- Beta-carotene is a plant pigment that is converted into vitamin A in the body. (drlact.com)
- Beta-carotene is converted into vitamin A, which is essential for a variety of bodily processes including eyesight, immunity, and cell division. (indexofsciences.com)