beta-Alanine-Pyruvate Transaminase
Alanine Transaminase
Transaminases
Aspartate Aminotransferases
Drug-Induced Liver Injury
Alanine
Liver
Pyruvate Kinase
4-Aminobutyrate Transaminase
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex
A multienzyme complex responsible for the formation of ACETYL COENZYME A from pyruvate. The enzyme components are PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE (LIPOAMIDE); dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase; and LIPOAMIDE DEHYDROGENASE. Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is subject to three types of control: inhibited by acetyl-CoA and NADH; influenced by the energy state of the cell; and inhibited when a specific serine residue in the pyruvate decarboxylase is phosphorylated by ATP. PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE (LIPOAMIDE)-PHOSPHATASE catalyzes reactivation of the complex. (From Concise Encyclopedia Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 3rd ed)
Pyruvic Acid
D-Alanine Transaminase
Pyruvate Decarboxylase
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase (Lipoamide)
Alanine Racemase
Interleukin-1beta
Tyrosine Transaminase
An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-TYROSINE and 2-oxoglutarate to 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate and L-GLUTAMATE. It is a pyridoxal-phosphate protein. L-PHENYLALANINE is hydroxylated to L-tyrosine. The mitochondrial enzyme may be identical with ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASES (EC 2.6.1.1.). Deficiency of this enzyme may cause type II Tyrosinemia (see TYROSINEMIAS). EC 2.6.1.5.
Alanine Dehydrogenase
An NAD-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the reversible DEAMINATION of L-ALANINE to PYRUVATE and AMMONIA. The enzyme is needed for growth when ALANINE is the sole CARBON or NITROGEN source. It may also play a role in CELL WALL synthesis because L-ALANINE is an important constituent of the PEPTIDOGLYCAN layer.
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase (Lipoamide)-Phosphatase
Aminooxyacetic Acid
beta 2-Microglobulin
An 11-kDa protein associated with the outer membrane of many cells including lymphocytes. It is the small subunit of the MHC class I molecule. Association with beta 2-microglobulin is generally required for the transport of class I heavy chains from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cell surface. Beta 2-microglobulin is present in small amounts in serum, csf, and urine of normal people, and to a much greater degree in the urine and plasma of patients with tubular proteinemia, renal failure, or kidney transplants.
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Ketoglutaric Acids
Oxaloacetic Acid
L-Lactate Dehydrogenase
Liver Function Tests
Amino Acids
Lactic Acid
Glucose
Ornithine-Oxo-Acid Transaminase
Amino Acid Sequence
Citric Acid Cycle
Gluconeogenesis
Oxaloacetates
Vigabatrin
Receptors, Adrenergic, beta
Integrin beta3
Escherichia coli
A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.
Pyridoxal Phosphate
This is the active form of VITAMIN B 6 serving as a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into pyridoxamine phosphate (PYRIDOXAMINE).
Binding Sites
Glycolysis
A metabolic process that converts GLUCOSE into two molecules of PYRUVIC ACID through a series of enzymatic reactions. Energy generated by this process is conserved in two molecules of ATP. Glycolysis is the universal catabolic pathway for glucose, free glucose, or glucose derived from complex CARBOHYDRATES, such as GLYCOGEN and STARCH.
Thiamine Pyrophosphate
Base Sequence
Mutation
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex Deficiency Disease
An inherited metabolic disorder caused by deficient enzyme activity in the PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX, resulting in deficiency of acetyl CoA and reduced synthesis of acetylcholine. Two clinical forms are recognized: neonatal and juvenile. The neonatal form is a relatively common cause of lactic acidosis in the first weeks of life and may also feature an erythematous rash. The juvenile form presents with lactic acidosis, alopecia, intermittent ATAXIA; SEIZURES; and an erythematous rash. (From J Inherit Metab Dis 1996;19(4):452-62) Autosomal recessive and X-linked forms are caused by mutations in the genes for the three different enzyme components of this multisubunit pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. One of the mutations at Xp22.2-p22.1 in the gene for the E1 alpha component of the complex leads to LEIGH DISEASE.
Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
Carbon Isotopes
Isoleucine
Dichloroacetic Acid
Dihydrolipoyllysine-Residue Acetyltransferase
Glutamine
Glutamates
Aspartic Acid
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Substrate Specificity
Transforming Growth Factor beta
A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.
Aminobutyrates
Oxidation-Reduction
A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).
Carbon Tetrachloride
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
NAD
A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-diphosphate coupled to adenosine 5'-phosphate by pyrophosphate linkage. It is found widely in nature and is involved in numerous enzymatic reactions in which it serves as an electron carrier by being alternately oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH). (Dorland, 27th ed)
Clinical Enzyme Tests
Acetates
Cells, Cultured
gamma-Glutamyltransferase
Pyridoxine
The 4-methanol form of VITAMIN B 6 which is converted to PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. Although pyridoxine and Vitamin B 6 are still frequently used as synonyms, especially by medical researchers, this practice is erroneous and sometimes misleading (EE Snell; Ann NY Acad Sci, vol 585 pg 1, 1990).
Carboxy-Lyases
Isoenzymes
Models, Molecular
Rats, Wistar
RNA, Messenger
RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.
Alkaline Phosphatase
Glutamine-Fructose-6-Phosphate Transaminase (Isomerizing)
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Adenosine Triphosphate
Cloning, Molecular
Rats, Inbred Strains
Protein Conformation
The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).
Lyases
Integrin alpha5beta1
Integrin beta4
Mitochondria, Liver
Mitochondria in hepatocytes. As in all mitochondria, there are an outer membrane and an inner membrane, together creating two separate mitochondrial compartments: the internal matrix space and a much narrower intermembrane space. In the liver mitochondrion, an estimated 67% of the total mitochondrial proteins is located in the matrix. (From Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2d ed, p343-4)
Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
Valine
Amino Acid Substitution
The naturally occurring or experimentally induced replacement of one or more AMINO ACIDS in a protein with another. If a functionally equivalent amino acid is substituted, the protein may retain wild-type activity. Substitution may also diminish, enhance, or eliminate protein function. Experimentally induced substitution is often used to study enzyme activities and binding site properties.
Mitochondria
Semiautonomous, self-reproducing organelles that occur in the cytoplasm of all cells of most, but not all, eukaryotes. Each mitochondrion is surrounded by a double limiting membrane. The inner membrane is highly invaginated, and its projections are called cristae. Mitochondria are the sites of the reactions of oxidative phosphorylation, which result in the formation of ATP. They contain distinctive RIBOSOMES, transfer RNAs (RNA, TRANSFER); AMINO ACYL T RNA SYNTHETASES; and elongation and termination factors. Mitochondria depend upon genes within the nucleus of the cells in which they reside for many essential messenger RNAs (RNA, MESSENGER). Mitochondria are believed to have arisen from aerobic bacteria that established a symbiotic relationship with primitive protoeukaryotes. (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)
Decarboxylation
Integrin alpha6beta4
This intrgrin is a key component of HEMIDESMOSOMES and is required for their formation and maintenance in epithelial cells. Integrin alpha6beta4 is also found on thymocytes, fibroblasts, and Schwann cells, where it functions as a laminin receptor (RECEPTORS, LAMININ) and is involved in wound healing, cell migration, and tumor invasiveness.
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Integrin beta Chains
Integrin beta chains combine with integrin alpha chains to form heterodimeric cell surface receptors. Integrins have traditionally been classified into functional groups based on the identity of one of three beta chains present in the heterodimer. The beta chain is necessary and sufficient for integrin-dependent signaling. Its short cytoplasmic tail contains sequences critical for inside-out signaling.
beta 2-Glycoprotein I
A 44-kDa highly glycosylated plasma protein that binds phospholipids including CARDIOLIPIN; APOLIPOPROTEIN E RECEPTOR; membrane phospholipids, and other anionic phospholipid-containing moieties. It plays a role in coagulation and apoptotic processes. Formerly known as apolipoprotein H, it is an autoantigen in patients with ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID ANTIBODIES.
Phosphorylation
Glycine Transaminase
Malate Dehydrogenase
Structure-Activity Relationship
Culture Media
Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.
Pyridoxamine
Hydro-Lyases
Integrin alpha4beta1
Integrin alpha4beta1 is a FIBRONECTIN and VCAM-1 receptor present on LYMPHOCYTES; MONOCYTES; EOSINOPHILS; NK CELLS and thymocytes. It is involved in both cell-cell and cell- EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX adhesion and plays a role in INFLAMMATION, hematopoietic cell homing and immune function, and has been implicated in skeletal MYOGENESIS; NEURAL CREST migration and proliferation, lymphocyte maturation and morphogenesis of the PLACENTA and HEART.
Glutamic Acid
Catalysis
Serine
Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2
A subclass of beta-adrenergic receptors (RECEPTORS, ADRENERGIC, BETA). The adrenergic beta-2 receptors are more sensitive to EPINEPHRINE than to NOREPINEPHRINE and have a high affinity for the agonist TERBUTALINE. They are widespread, with clinically important roles in SKELETAL MUSCLE; LIVER; and vascular, bronchial, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary SMOOTH MUSCLE.
Insulin
A 51-amino acid pancreatic hormone that plays a major role in the regulation of glucose metabolism, directly by suppressing endogenous glucose production (GLYCOGENOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS) and indirectly by suppressing GLUCAGON secretion and LIPOLYSIS. Native insulin is a globular protein comprised of a zinc-coordinated hexamer. Each insulin monomer containing two chains, A (21 residues) and B (30 residues), linked by two disulfide bonds. Insulin is used as a drug to control insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1).
Succinates
Integrin alpha2beta1
An integrin found on fibroblasts, platelets, endothelial and epithelial cells, and lymphocytes where it functions as a receptor for COLLAGEN and LAMININ. Although originally referred to as the collagen receptor, it is one of several receptors for collagen. Ligand binding to integrin alpha2beta1 triggers a cascade of intracellular signaling, including activation of p38 MAP kinase.
Plant Extracts
Acetaminophen
Adrenergic beta-3 Receptor Antagonists
Myocardium
Glutamate Dehydrogenase
Succinyldiaminopimelate Transaminase
Amination
Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase
Enzyme Activation
Glycine
Acetyltransferases
Swine
Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).
Apoenzymes
Kidney
Liver Cirrhosis
Integrins
A family of transmembrane glycoproteins (MEMBRANE GLYCOPROTEINS) consisting of noncovalent heterodimers. They interact with a wide variety of ligands including EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX PROTEINS; COMPLEMENT, and other cells, while their intracellular domains interact with the CYTOSKELETON. The integrins consist of at least three identified families: the cytoadhesin receptors(RECEPTORS, CYTOADHESIN), the leukocyte adhesion receptors (RECEPTORS, LEUKOCYTE ADHESION), and the VERY LATE ANTIGEN RECEPTORS. Each family contains a common beta-subunit (INTEGRIN BETA CHAINS) combined with one or more distinct alpha-subunits (INTEGRIN ALPHA CHAINS). These receptors participate in cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesion in many physiologically important processes, including embryological development; HEMOSTASIS; THROMBOSIS; WOUND HEALING; immune and nonimmune defense mechanisms; and oncogenic transformation.
Pyruvate Metabolism, Inborn Errors
Hereditary disorders of pyruvate metabolism. They are difficult to diagnose and describe because pyruvate is a key intermediate in glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Some inherited metabolic disorders may alter pyruvate metabolism indirectly. Disorders in pyruvate metabolism appear to lead to deficiencies in neurotransmitter synthesis and, consequently, to nervous system disorders.
Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
Antigens, CD29
Integrin beta-1 chains which are expressed as heterodimers that are noncovalently associated with specific alpha-chains of the CD49 family (CD49a-f). CD29 is expressed on resting and activated leukocytes and is a marker for all of the very late activation antigens on cells. (from: Barclay et al., The Leukocyte Antigen FactsBook, 1993, p164)
Interleukin-1
A soluble factor produced by MONOCYTES; MACROPHAGES, and other cells which activates T-lymphocytes and potentiates their response to mitogens or antigens. Interleukin-1 is a general term refers to either of the two distinct proteins, INTERLEUKIN-1ALPHA and INTERLEUKIN-1BETA. The biological effects of IL-1 include the ability to replace macrophage requirements for T-cell activation.
Spectrophotometry
Fatty Liver
Signal Transduction
The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.
Macromolecular Substances
Ammonia
Succinate-Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase
An enzyme that plays a role in the GLUTAMATE and butanoate metabolism pathways by catalyzing the oxidation of succinate semialdehyde to SUCCINATE using NAD+ as a coenzyme. Deficiency of this enzyme, causes 4-hydroxybutyricaciduria, a rare inborn error in the metabolism of the neurotransmitter 4-aminobutyric acid (GABA).
Protein Binding
Aminocaproates
Integrin alpha6beta1
A cell surface receptor mediating cell adhesion to the EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX and to other cells via binding to LAMININ. It is involved in cell migration, embryonic development, leukocyte activation and tumor cell invasiveness. Integrin alpha6beta1 is the major laminin receptor on PLATELETS; LEUKOCYTES; and many EPITHELIAL CELLS, and ligand binding may activate a number of signal transduction pathways. Alternative splicing of the cytoplasmic domain of the alpha6 subunit (INTEGRIN ALPHA6) results in the formation of A and B isoforms of the heterodimer, which are expressed in a tissue-specific manner.
Oxygen Consumption
Threonine
Stereoisomerism
Adenosine Diphosphate
Coumaric Acids
Cattle
Carbon Dioxide
Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1
A subclass of beta-adrenergic receptors (RECEPTORS, ADRENERGIC, BETA). The adrenergic beta-1 receptors are equally sensitive to EPINEPHRINE and NOREPINEPHRINE and bind the agonist DOBUTAMINE and the antagonist METOPROLOL with high affinity. They are found in the HEART, juxtaglomerular cells, and in the central and peripheral nervous systems.
Disease Models, Animal
DNA Primers
Transfection
Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3
Reperfusion Injury
Gene Expression
Thioctic Acid
Rabbits
Brain
The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.
Carbon Radioisotopes
Leucine Transaminase
Cell-Free System
A fractionated cell extract that maintains a biological function. A subcellular fraction isolated by ultracentrifugation or other separation techniques must first be isolated so that a process can be studied free from all of the complex side reactions that occur in a cell. The cell-free system is therefore widely used in cell biology. (From Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2d ed, p166)
Anaerobiosis
Integrin alpha1beta1
Integrin alpha1beta1 functions as a receptor for LAMININ and COLLAGEN. It is widely expressed during development, but in the adult is the predominant laminin receptor (RECEPTORS, LAMININ) in mature SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, where it is important for maintenance of the differentiated phenotype of these cells. Integrin alpha1beta1 is also found in LYMPHOCYTES and microvascular endothelial cells, and may play a role in angiogenesis. In SCHWANN CELLS and neural crest cells, it is involved in cell migration. Integrin alpha1beta1 is also known as VLA-1 and CD49a-CD29.
Ketone Bodies
Creatine Kinase
A transferase that catalyzes formation of PHOSPHOCREATINE from ATP + CREATINE. The reaction stores ATP energy as phosphocreatine. Three cytoplasmic ISOENZYMES have been identified in human tissues: the MM type from SKELETAL MUSCLE, the MB type from myocardial tissue and the BB type from nervous tissue as well as a mitochondrial isoenzyme. Macro-creatine kinase refers to creatine kinase complexed with other serum proteins.
Formates
Cyclohexylamines
Threonine Dehydratase
A pyridoxal-phosphate protein that catalyzes the deamination of THREONINE to 2-ketobutyrate and AMMONIA. The role of this enzyme can be biosynthetic or biodegradative. In the former role it supplies 2-ketobutyrate required for ISOLEUCINE biosynthesis, while in the latter it is only involved in the breakdown of threonine to supply energy. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 4.2.1.16.
Models, Biological
Comparison of the omega-transaminases from different microorganisms and application to production of chiral amines. (1/4)
Microorganisms that are capable of (S)-enantioselective transamination of chiral amines were isolated from soil samples by selective enrichment using (S)-alpha-methyl-benzylamine ((S)-alpha-MBA) as a sole nitrogen source. Among them, Klebsiella pneumoniae JS2F, Bacillus thuringiensis JS64, and Vibrio fluvialis JS17 showed good omega-transaminase (omega-TA) activities and the properties of the omega-TAs were investigated. The induction level of the enzyme was strongly dependent on the nitrogen source for the strains, except for V. fluvialis JS17. All the omega-TAs showed high enantioselectivity (E>50) toward (S)-alpha-MBA and broad amino donor specificities for arylic and aliphatic chiral amines. Besides pyruvate, aldehydes such as propionaldehyde and butyraldehyde showed good amino acceptor reactivities. All the omega-TAs showed substrate inhibition by (S)-alpha-MBA above 200 mm. Moreover, substrate inhibition by pyruvate above 10 mm was observed for omega-TA from V. fluvialis JS17. In the case of product inhibition, acetophenone showed much greater inhibitions than L-alanine for all omega-TAs. Comparison of the enzyme properties indicates that omega-transaminase from V. fluvialis JS17 is the best one for both kinetic resolution and asymmetric synthesis to produce enantiomerically pure chiral amines. Kinetic resolution of sec-butylamine (20 mM) was done under reduced pressure (150 Torr) to selectively remove an inhibitory product (2-butanone) using the enzyme from V. fluvialis JS17. Enantiomeric excess of (R)-sec-butylamine reached 94.7% after 12 h of reaction. (+info)omega-Amino acid:pyruvate transaminase from Alcaligenes denitrificans Y2k-2: a new catalyst for kinetic resolution of beta-amino acids and amines. (2/4)
Alcaligenes denitrificans Y2k-2 was obtained by selective enrichment followed by screening from soil samples, which showed omega-amino acid:pyruvate transaminase activity, to kinetically resolve aliphatic beta-amino acid, and the corresponding structural gene (aptA) was cloned. The gene was functionally expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 by using an isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG)-inducible pET expression system (9.6 U/mg), and the recombinant AptA was purified to show a specific activity of 77.2 U/mg for L-beta-amino-n-butyric acid (L-beta-ABA). The enzyme converts various beta-amino acids and amines to the corresponding beta-keto acids and ketones by using pyruvate as an amine acceptor. The apparent K(m) and V(max) for L-beta-ABA were 56 mM and 500 U/mg, respectively, in the presence of 10 mM pyruvate. In the presence of 10 mM L-beta-ABA, the apparent K(m) and V(max) for pyruvate were 11 mM and 370 U/mg, respectively. The enzyme exhibits high stereoselectivity (E > 80) in the kinetic resolution of 50 mM D,L-beta-ABA, producing optically pure D-beta-ABA (99% enantiomeric excess) with 53% conversion. (+info)The primary structure of omega-amino acid:pyruvate aminotransferase. (3/4)
The complete amino acid sequence of bacterial omega-amino acid:pyruvate aminotransferase (omega-APT) was determined from its primary structure. The enzyme protein was fragmented by CNBr cleavage, trypsin, and Staphylococcus aureus V8 digestions. The peptides were purified and sequenced by Edman degradation. omega-ATP is composed of four identical subunits of 449 amino acids each. The calculated molecular weight of the enzyme subunit is 48,738 and that of the enzyme tetramer is 194,952. No disulfide bonds or bound sugar molecules were found in the enzyme structure, although 6 cysteine residues were determined per enzyme subunit. Sequence homologies were found between an omega-aminotransferase, i.e. mammalian and yeast ornithine delta-aminotransferases, fungal gamma-aminobutyrate aminotransferase and 7,8-diaminoperalgonate aminotransferase, and 2,2-dialkylglycine decarboxylase. The enzyme structure is not homologous to those of aspartate aminotransferases (AspATs) including the enzymes of Escherichia coli and Sufolobus salfactaricus, though significant homology in the three-dimensional structures around the cofactor binding site has been found between omega-APT and AspATs (Watanabe, N., Sakabe, K., Sakabe, N., Higashi, T., Sasaki, K., Aibara, S., Morita, Y., Yonaha, K., Toyama, S., and Fukutani, H. (1989) J. Biochem. 105, 1-3). (+info)Crystal structure analysis of omega-amino acid:pyruvate aminotransferase with a newly developed Weissenberg camera and an imaging plate using synchrotron radiation. (4/4)
The three-dimensional structure of omega-amino acid:pyruvate aminotransferase from Pseudomonas sp. F-126, an isologous alpha 4 tetramer containing pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) as a cofactor, has been determined at 2.0 A resolution. The diffraction data were collected with a newly developed Weissenberg camera with a Fuji Imaging Plate, using synchrotron radiation. The mean figure-of-merit was 0.57. The subunit is rich in secondary structure and comprises two domains. PLP is located in the large domain. The high homology in the secondary structure between this enzyme and aspartate aminotransferase strongly indicates that these two types of enzymes have evolved from a common ancestor. (+info)
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Beta-alanine-pyruvate transaminase
Other names in common use include beta-alanine-pyruvate aminotransferase, and beta-alanine-alpha-alanine transaminase. This ... In enzymology, a beta-alanine-pyruvate transaminase (EC 2.6.1.18) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction L-alanine ... beta-alanine Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are L-alanine and 3-oxopropanoate, whereas its two products are pyruvate ... and beta-alanine. This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically the transaminases, which transfer nitrogenous ...
List of MeSH codes (D08)
... beta-alanine-pyruvate transaminase MeSH D08.811.913.477.700.347 - d-alanine transaminase MeSH D08.811.913.477.700.470 - ... transaminases MeSH D08.811.913.477.700.100 - alanine transaminase MeSH D08.811.913.477.700.120 - 2-aminoadipate transaminase ... glycine transaminase MeSH D08.811.913.477.700.535 - leucine transaminase MeSH D08.811.913.477.700.550 - l-lysine 6-transaminase ... pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) MeSH D08.811.682.657.350.937 - pyruvate oxidase MeSH D08.811.682.657.350.968 - pyruvate ...
Glucagon
... often from muscle-derived pyruvate/glutamate transamination (see alanine transaminase reaction). Acetylcholine Cholecystokinin ... As the beta cells cease to function, insulin and pancreatic GABA are no longer present to suppress the freerunning output of ... Feliú JE, Hue L, Hers HG (August 1976). "Hormonal control of pyruvate kinase activity and of gluconeogenesis in isolated ... Secretion of glucagon is stimulated by: Hypoglycemia Epinephrine (via β2, α2, and α1 adrenergic receptors) Arginine Alanine ( ...
R)-3-amino-2-methylpropionate-pyruvate transaminase
D-3-aminoisobutyrate-pyruvate transaminase, (R)-3-amino-2-methylpropionate transaminase, and D-beta-aminoisobutyrate:pyruvate ... L-alanine Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are (R)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoate and pyruvate, whereas its two products are ... Other names in common use include D-3-aminoisobutyrate-pyruvate transaminase, beta-aminoisobutyrate-pyruvate aminotransferase, ... Also other names of enzymes similar to this contains, L-3-aminoisobutyrate transaminase, beta-aminobutyric transaminase, L-3- ...
4-aminobutyrate transaminase
Aurich H (October 1961). "[On the beta-alanine-alpha-ketoglutarate transaminase from Neurospora crassa]" [On the beta-alanine- ... In plants, pyruvate and glyoxylate can be used in the place of 2-oxoglutarate. The primary role of GABA-T is to break down GABA ... This enzyme participates in 5 metabolic pathways: alanine and aspartate metabolism, glutamate metabolism, beta-alanine ... In enzymology, 4-aminobutyrate transaminase (EC 2.6.1.19), also called GABA transaminase or 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, ...
Cathinone
... with pyruvate and producing CO2. 1-phenylpropane-1,2-dione goes through a transaminase reaction to replace a ketone with an ... After this, the molecule can either go through a beta-oxidative pathway or a non-beta-oxidative pathway. The beta-oxidative ... This synthetic route starts out with the N-acetylation of the optically active amino acid, S-alanine. Then, phosphorus ... Aside from the beta- and non-beta-oxidative pathways, the biosynthesis of cathinone can proceed through a CoA-dependent pathway ...
Chromosome 2
... encoding protein Beta-centractin AGXT: alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase (oxalosis I; hyperoxaluria I; glycolicaciduria; ... serine-pyruvate aminotransferase) ALS2: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 2 (juvenile) ALS2CR8: encoding protein Amyotrophic ... glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate transaminase 1 GKN1: gastrokine 1 GPATCH11: G-patch domain containing protein 11 GTF2A1L: ... beta subunit HSPC159: Galectin-related protein LEPQTL1: Leptin, serum levels of MEMO1: Mediator of cell motility 1 MPHOSPH10: M ...
List of EC numbers (EC 2)
... succinyldiaminopimelate transaminase EC 2.6.1.18: b-alanine-pyruvate transaminase EC 2.6.1.19: 4-aminobutyrate transaminase EC ... 6-dideoxy-N-acetyl-beta-L-altrosamine transaminase EC 2.6.1.93: neamine transaminase EC 2.6.1.94: 2'-deamino-2'-hydroxyneamine ... alanine-glyoxylate transaminase EC 2.6.1.45: serine-glyoxylate transaminase EC 2.6.1.46: diaminobutyrate-pyruvate transaminase ... aspartate transaminase EC 2.6.1.2: alanine transaminase EC 2.6.1.3: cysteine transaminase EC 2.6.1.4: glycine transaminase EC ...
Amino acid
A rare exception to the dominance of α-amino acids in biology is the β-amino acid beta alanine (3-aminopropanoic acid), which ... This process involves transaminases, often the same as those used in amination during synthesis. In many vertebrates, the amino ... For example, serine dehydratase converts serine to pyruvate and ammonia. After removal of one or more amino groups, the ... The oxidation pathway starts with the removal of the amino group by a transaminase; the amino group is then fed into the urea ...
Pyridoxal phosphate
... liver cysteine desulfhydrase activity disappears and serine and threonine dehydrase and alanine glutamate transaminase ... Zhu J, Burgner JW, Harms E, Belitsky BR, Smith JL (July 2005). "A new arrangement of (beta/alpha)8 barrels in the synthase ... and pyruvate. The condensation product of 3-hydroxy-1-aminoacetone phosphate and deoxyxylulose 5-phosphate is pyridoxine 5'- ... AlaP (alanine phosphonate) inhibits alanine racemases, but its lack of specificity has prompted further designs of ALR ...
List of enzymes
EC 2.6.1 Alanine transaminase EC 2.6.1.2 Aspartate transaminase EC 2.6.1.1 Category:EC 2.7.2 Butyrate kinase (EC 2.7.2.7) EC ... Beta-lactamase (EC 3.5.2.6) Category:EC 3.5.3 (In linear amidines) Arginase (EC 3.5.3.1) Category:EC 3.5.4 (In cyclic amidines ... Pyruvate carboxylase (EC 6.4.1.1) Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (EC 6.4.1.2) DNA ligase (EC 6.5.1.1). ... Beta-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23) Hyaluronidase (EC 3.2.1.35) Function: Amylase is an enzyme that is responsible for the ...
Glucose 6-phosphatase
from alanine (Alanine cycle):. *Alanine transaminase. from glycerol:. *Glycerol kinase. *Glycerol dehydrogenase ... "In islet-specific glucose-6-phosphatase-related protein, the beta cell antigenic sequence that is targeted in diabetes is not ... Pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase. *Fructose 6-P,2-kinase:fructose 2,6-bisphosphatase ... "Histidine 167 is the phosphate acceptor in glucose-6-phosphatase-beta forming a phosphohistidine enzyme intermediate during ...
Kynureninase
Aspartate transaminase. *Glutamate dehydrogenase. *Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. urea cycle. *Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase ... alanines. Humans express one kynureninase enzyme that is encoded by the KYNU gene located on chromosome 2.[6][7] ... Forty percent of the amino acids are arranged in an alpha helical and twelve percent are arranged in beta sheets. Docking of ...
Creatine kinase
Aspartate transaminase. *Glutamate dehydrogenase. *Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. urea cycle. *Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase ... Steroid 11-beta-hydroxylase. *Aldosterone synthase. *Frataxin. *Mitochondrial membrane transport protein *Mitochondrial ...
Lactate dehydrogenase
Alanine and lactate are major gluconeogenic precursors that enter gluconeogenesis as pyruvate. The high NADH/NAD+ ratio shifts ... The N-terminus is a Rossmann NAD-binding fold and the C-terminus is an unusual alpha+beta fold.[5][6] ... from alanine (Alanine cycle):. *Alanine transaminase. from glycerol:. *Glycerol kinase. *Glycerol dehydrogenase ... The flux through LDH increases in response to increased levels of pyruvate and NADH to metabolize pyruvate into lactate.[8] ...
Index of oncology articles
... serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase - Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase - serum tumor marker test - sesquiterpene ... beta alethine - beta carotene - beta hemolytic streptococcus group B - beta-endorphin - beta-glucan - beta-human chorionic ... alanine aminopeptidase - alanine transferase - alanosine - aldesleukin - alemtuzumab - alendronate sodium - alkalinization - ... epoetin beta - epothilone - epothilone B - epothilone D - epratuzumab - Epstein-Barr virus - EPT - ER - ER+ - ER- - ERA-923 - ...
Amino acid synthesis
Pyruvate: alanine, valine, and leucine[edit]. Pyruvate, the end result of glycolysis, can feed into both the TCA cycle and ... undergoes transamination catalyzed either by an alanine-valine transaminase or a glutamate-valine transaminase. Valine ... Alanine[edit]. Alanine is produced by the transamination of one molecule of pyruvate using two alternate steps: 1) conversion ... Alanine and aspartate are synthesized by the transamination of pyruvate and oxaloacetate, respectively. Glutamine is ...
Glutamine synthetase
Alanine, glycine, and serine bind to the glutamate substrate site. GDP, AMP, ADP bind to the ATP site.[6] L-serine, L-alanine, ... G→pyruvate. →citrate. glycine→serine→. *Serine hydroxymethyltransferase. *Serine dehydratase. *glycine→creatine: ... beta-Grasp domain. Identifiers. Symbol. Gln-synt_N. Pfam. PF03951. InterPro. IPR008147. ... "Feedback inhibition of fully unadenylylated glutamine synthetase from Salmonella typhimurium by glycine, alanine, and serine" ...
Glycine cleavage system
G→pyruvate. →citrate. glycine→serine→. *Serine hydroxymethyltransferase. *Serine dehydratase. *glycine→creatine: ... conversion to cysteine: Cystathionine beta synthase. *Cystathionine gamma-lyase. THREONINE→. *Threonine aldolase ... alanine→. *Alanine transaminase. cysteine→. *D-cysteine desulfhydrase. threonine→. *L-threonine dehydrogenase. G→glutamate→. α- ...
Glutamate decarboxylase
"Compartmentalization of GABA synthesis by GAD67 differs between pancreatic beta cells and neurons". PLOS One. 10 (2): e0117130 ... Pyruvate decarboxylase. *RuBisCO. *Uridine monophosphate synthetase/Orotidine 5'-phosphate decarboxylase. *Uroporphyrinogen III ... Inhibitors: β-Alanine. *Bafilomycin A1. *Chicago sky blue 6B. *Evans blue. *GABA ...
Citric acid cycle
Acetyl-CoA, on the other hand, derived from pyruvate oxidation, or from the beta-oxidation of fatty acids, is the only fuel to ... De-aminated alanine, cysteine, glycine, serine, and threonine are converted to pyruvate and can consequently either enter the ... Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (E1, E2, E3). *(regulated by Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase and Pyruvate dehydrogenase ... Lastly, beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA is oxidized to beta-ketoacyl-CoA while NAD+ is reduced to NADH, which follows the same process as ...
ഓക്സിഡേറ്റീവ് ഫോസ്ഫോറിലേഷൻ - വിക്കിപീഡിയ
Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (E1, E2, E3). *(regulated by Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase and Pyruvate dehydrogenase ... A component of the fatty acid beta oxidation pathway" (PDF). J. Biol. Chem. 252 (23): 8440-5. PMID 925004. മൂലതാളിൽ നിന്നും ... Glycolysis → Pyruvate decarboxylation → Citric acid cycle → Oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport chain + ATP synthase) ... Alanine Branched-chain. Amino Acids Aspartate. Group Homoserine. Group. & Lysine Glutamate. Group. & Proline ...
List of enzymes
Alanine transaminase EC 2.6.1.2. *Aspartate transaminase EC 2.6.1.1. Category:EC 2.7 (transfer phosphorus-containing groups) ... EC 6.2.1.28: 3-alpha,7-alpha-dihydroxy-5-beta-cholestanate--CoA ligase ... Pyruvate carboxylase (EC 6.4.1.1). *Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (EC 6.4.1.2). Category:EC 6.5 (form phosphoric ester bonds)Edit. DNA ...
Beta-alanine-pyruvate transaminase - Wikipedia
Other names in common use include beta-alanine-pyruvate aminotransferase, and beta-alanine-alpha-alanine transaminase. This ... L-alanine + 3-oxopropanoate ⇌. {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons }. pyruvate + beta-alanine. Thus, the two substrates of this ... In enzymology, a beta-alanine-pyruvate transaminase (EC 2.6.1.18) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction ... Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Beta-alanine-pyruvate_transaminase&oldid=917345101" ...
KEGG BRITE: KEGG Orthology (KO) - Acinetobacter baumannii AYE
... beta-alanine ligase [EC:6.3.2.1] K00822 E2.6.1.18; beta-alanine--pyruvate transaminase [EC:2.6.1.18] K01692 paaF; enoyl-CoA ... ABAYE1295 Omega-amino acid--pyruvate aminotransferase (Omega-APT) (Beta-alanine--pyruvate aminotransferase) ABAYE2370 paaF; ... ABAYE1295 Omega-amino acid--pyruvate aminotransferase (Omega-APT) (Beta-alanine--pyruvate aminotransferase) ABAYE2291 conserved ... beta-alanine--pyruvate transaminase [EC:2.6.1.18] K01968 E6.4.1.4A; 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase alpha subunit [EC:6.4.1.4 ...
Overview: bauA, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1
Beta-alanine:pyruvate transaminase Product Name Confidence: Class 1 Synonyms. omega-amino acid--pyruvate transaminase. ... Pseudomonas aeruginosa beta-alanine:pyruvate aminotransferase holoenzyme without divalent cations on dimer-dimer interface ... Functional characterization of seven γ-Glutamylpolyamine synthetase genes and the bauRABCD locus for polyamine and β-Alanine ...
KEGG SSDB Paralog Search Result: bpl:BURPS1106A A0396
bpl:BURPS1106A_3101 beta-alanine--pyruvate transaminase K00822 442 550 ( -) 131 0.312 410 -, bpl:BURPS1106A_0412 ... bpl:BURPS1106A_A1009 beta-alanine--pyruvate transaminas K00822 466 489 ( -) 117 0.301 405 -, bpl:BURPS1106A_A1595 non-ribosomal ... 4-aminobutyrate transaminase; K00823 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase. Update status:. T00480 (apre,bapi,bgg,bhan,bths,cchv,ceh ... bpl:BURPS1106A_0532 2,4-diaminobutyrate 4-transaminase K00836 450 712 ( -) 168 0.348 445 -, bpl:BURPS1106A_A2215 2,4- ...
DeCS
... beta-Alanine Transaminase, beta-Alanine-Pyruvate beta Alanine Pyruvate Aminotransferase beta Alanine Pyruvate Transaminase beta ... beta Alanine Pyruvate Aminotransferase. beta Alanine Pyruvate Transaminase. beta-Alanine - Pyruvate Transaminase. beta-Alanine ... Aminotransferase, beta-Alanine Pyruvate. Pyruvate Aminotransferase, beta-Alanine. Transaminase, beta-Alanine-Pyruvate. ... beta-Alanine-Pyruvate Transaminase Entry term(s). Aminotransferase, beta-Alanine Pyruvate Pyruvate Aminotransferase, ...
3WWH | Genus
ec 2.6.1.18: Beta-alanine--pyruvate transaminase. pdb deposition date 2014-06-18. ... Alpha Beta. Alpha-Beta Barrel. D-amino Acid Aminotransferase; Chain A, domain 2. D-amino Acid Aminotransferase, subunit A, ... A new target region for changing the substrate specificity of amine transaminases. pubmed doi rcsb ... Alpha Beta. 2-Layer Sandwich. D-amino Acid Aminotransferase; Chain A, domain 1. D-amino Acid Aminotransferase; Chain A, domain ...
Predicted Orthologs - RBBH
Network Portal - Gene PA0130
Network Portal - Gene PA5496
List of MeSH codes (D08) - Wikipedia
... beta-alanine-pyruvate transaminase MeSH D08.811.913.477.700.347 - d-alanine transaminase MeSH D08.811.913.477.700.470 - ... transaminases MeSH D08.811.913.477.700.100 - alanine transaminase MeSH D08.811.913.477.700.120 - 2-aminoadipate transaminase ... glycine transaminase MeSH D08.811.913.477.700.535 - leucine transaminase MeSH D08.811.913.477.700.550 - l-lysine 6-transaminase ... pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) MeSH D08.811.682.657.350.937 - pyruvate oxidase MeSH D08.811.682.657.350.968 - pyruvate ...
Algae Energy - the past and the future - Algae: CO2 sequestering organisms revolutionizing biotechnology through nutrition,...
... beta-Alanine-alpha-Alanine Transaminase; (4) Alanine Aminomutase; (5) Pyruvate Synthase; (6) Pyruvate Water (Phosphate) ... beta-Alanine-Pyruvate Transaminase and (C8) Alanine 2,3-Aminomutase.. Interestingly, the metabolic pathways used by ... Module A: (A1) Pyruvate Water (Phosphate) Dikinase; (A2) PEP Carboxylase and (A3) Pyruvate Carboxylase. Module B: (B1) Acetyl- ... Enzymes: 1, pyruvate synthase (reduced MV); 2, pyruvate:water dikinase; 3, PEP carboxylase; 4, malate dehydrogenase (NADH); 5, ...
Human ADMA ELISA Kit | biobool.com
Alanine Glyoxylate Aminotransferase 2 ELISA & Assay Kits
Compare and order Alanine Glyoxylate Aminotransferase 2 Kits ELISA. View citations, images, detection ranges, sensitivity, ... pyruvate transaminase , alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2, mitochondrial , beta-ALAAT II , beta-alanine-pyruvate ... Plus produit pour Alanine Glyoxylate Aminotransferase 2 ELISA Kit * 41 anti-Alanine Glyoxylate Aminotransferase 2 Primary ... Alanine Glyoxylate Aminotransferase 2 ELISA Kit. 8 products by 3 suppliers: EIAab , Abbexa , CUSABIO ...
AGXT2 Gene - GeneCards | AGT2 Protein | AGT2 Antibody
Alanine--Glyoxylate Aminotransferase 2, including: function, proteins, disorders, pathways, orthologs, and expression. ... Beta-ALAAT II 2 3 4 * (R)-3-Amino-2-Methylpropionate--Pyruvate Transaminase 3 4 ... L-alanine + glyoxylate = pyruvate + glycine. *AGT2_HUMAN,Q9BYV1. UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot CatalyticActivity: (R)-3-amino-2- ... AGXT2 (Alanine--Glyoxylate Aminotransferase 2) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with AGXT2 include Beta- ...
DiVA - Søkeresultat
Despite sharing 28% sequence identity with its closest structural homologues, including beta-alanine: pyruvate and gamma- ... A1RDF1 from Arthrobacter aurescens TC1 is a fold type I, PLP-dependent enzyme in the class III transaminase (TA) subgroup. ... Structurally, PON1 is a six-bladed beta-propeller with a flexible loop (residues 70-81) covering the active site. This loop ... Here we introduced aryl or aralkyl substituents at the beta-position of the hydroxamate analogue of 2. While direct addition of ...
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RMDB: Showing L-Alanine (RMDB00161)
R)-3-amino-2-methylpropionate--pyruvate transaminase. *Beta-alanine-pyruvate aminotransferase. *Beta-ALAAT II ... L-Alanine. Description. Alanine is a nonessential amino acid made in the body from the conversion of the carbohydrate pyruvate ... Alanine is highly concentrated in meat products and other high-protein foods like wheat germ and cottage cheese. Alanine is an ... Normal alanine metabolism, like that of other amino acids, is highly dependent upon enzymes that contain vitamin B6. Alanine, ...
Transcriptome integrated metabolic modeling of carbon assimilation underlying storage root development in cassava | Scientific...
Moreover, the presence of fluxes through cytosolic glycolysis and alanine biosynthesis pathways were predicted with high ... They predicted the use of pyruvate-glutamate transaminase (EC 2.6.1.2; R00258) to synthesize alanine instead of serine-pyruvate ... such as the conversion of beta-d-Glucose (\(\beta\)-d-Glc) to beta-d-Glucose 6-phosphate (\(\beta\)-d-Glc-6P) (denoted as ... who reported that alanine is a major product of anaerobic metabolism in barley root by pyruvate-glutamate transaminase69. GPT, ...
Anti-AGXT2 antibody - C-terminal (ab224537) | Abcam
Alanine glyoxylate aminotransferase 2 mitochondrial antibody. *Beta-ALAAT II antibody. *Beta-alanine-pyruvate aminotransferase ... R)-3-amino-2-methylpropionate--pyruvate transaminase antibody. *AGT2 antibody. *AI303810 antibody ... It catalyzes the conversion of glyoxylate to glycine using L-alanine as the amino donor. ...
DBGET Search Result: ENZYME 2.6.1.1
beta-alanine---pyruvate transaminase; beta-alanine-pyruvate aminotransferase; beta-alanine-alpha-alanine transaminase ... beta-alanine-oxoglutarate transaminase; aminobutyrate aminotransferase (ambiguous); beta-alanine aminotransferase; beta-alanine ... alanine---oxo-acid transaminase; L-alanine-alpha-keto acid aminotransferase; leucine-alanine transaminase; alanine-keto acid ... glutamine---pyruvate transaminase; glutaminase II; L-glutamine transaminase L; glutamine-oxo-acid transaminase ...
Main - Drug Resistance to EGFR Inhibitors in Lung Cancer
Glutamic-pyruvate transaminase (alanine aminotransferase); Glutamate ionotropic receptor Glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA ... Triggered by a couple of growth elements and morphogens including people from the changing growth element beta 1 (TGF-1) super- ... and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) amounts. Results showed how the levels had been significantly improved in the I/R group in ... type subunit 2B; Glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 3A; Glycogen 155558-32-0 IC50 synthase kinase 3 beta; ...
Imaging With 111 Indium (111In)-Pertuzumab (PmAb) to Predict Response to Trastuzumab (TmAb) in Human Epidermal Growth Factor-2 ...
... and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) [serum glutamic pyruvate transaminase(SGPT)] ,2.5 × ULN, ... Known pregnancy or lactating female (e.g. positive serum beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (B-hCG) pregnancy test). ... aspartate aminotransferase (AST) [serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(SGOT)] ...
KEGG SSDB Best Search Result: sbh:SBI 07687
0665 beta alanine--pyruvate transaminase K00822 441 114 ( 12) 32 0.359 78 -, 3 bpeu:Q425_31350 beta alanine--pyruvate ... bpc:BPTD_3119 beta alanine--pyruvate transaminase K00822 441 114 ( 13) 32 0.359 78 -, 2 bpe:BP3157 omega-amino acid--pyruvate ... tgr:Tgr7_0829 beta-lactamase domain protein 260 110 ( 7) 31 0.303 152 -, 2 ttc:FOKN1_2150 phenylalanine tRNA synthetase, beta- ... bamn:BASU_0798 Pyruvate phosphate dikinase,PEP/pyruvate K01007 803 101 ( -) 29 0.307 166 -, 1 ban:BA_3709 formimidoylglutamase ...
Lect Publishing - 7645 Prodotti | Sito 4
2-Aminoethylphosphonate-pyruvate Transaminase Enzyme, Catalysis, Chemical reaction, Enzyme substrate (biology), Pyruvic acid, ... Beta-phosphoglucomutase Enzyme, Catalysis, Chemical reaction, Enzyme substrate (biology), Isomerase, Biomolecular structure ... Alanine, Transferase. Biologia Lect Publishing (10.01.2013) - ISBN-13: 978-620-0-06026-6 ...
2-Aminoadipate Transaminase | Profiles RNS
beta-Alanine-Pyruvate Transaminase. *D-Alanine Transaminase. *Glutamate Synthase. *Glutamine-Fructose-6-Phosphate Transaminase ... "2-Aminoadipate Transaminase" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH ( ... This graph shows the total number of publications written about "2-Aminoadipate Transaminase" by people in this website by year ... Below are the most recent publications written about "2-Aminoadipate Transaminase" by people in Profiles. ...
Gentaur Molecular :Gene Link \ Amino dC C6 2 umol scale \ 26-6670-03
bauA PA0132] Beta-alanine--pyruvate aminotransferase (Beta-A--Py AT) (EC 2.6.1.18) (Beta-alanine--pyruvate transaminase) (Omega ... 2-aminoadipate transaminase) (Alpha-aminoadipate aminotransferase) (AadAT) (Aromatic amino acid aminotransferase 1) (EC 2.6. ... acid aminotransferase) (Omega-amino acid AT) (Omega-amino acid--pyruvate aminotransferase) (Omega-APT). [TTHA1582] 8-amino-7- ...
IMP: Integrative Multi-species Prediction
glutamic-pyruvate transaminase (alanine aminotransferase). 0.019. UPB1. ureidopropionase, beta. 0.019. ATOH8. atonal homolog 8 ... thyroid hormone receptor, beta (erythroblastic leukemia viral (v-erb-a) oncogene homolog 2, avian). 0.011. ... aldo-keto reductase family 1, member D1 (delta 4-3-ketosteroid-5-beta-reductase). 0.022. ... hydroxy-delta-5-steroid dehydrogenase, 3 beta- and steroid delta-isomerase 2. 0.011. ...
IMP: Integrative Multi-species Prediction
Beta-phenylalanine transaminase elisa and antibody
Recombinant Protein and Beta-phenylalanine transaminase Antibody at MyBioSource. Custom ELISA Kit, Recombinant Protein and ... Highly prefers aromatic beta-amino acids over aliphatic beta-amino acids; cannot use beta-alanine or beta-glutamate as ... ortho-substituted beta-phenylalanine derivatives as amino donors, and 2-oxoglutarate or pyruvate as amino acceptors. Is highly ... Beta-phenylalanine transaminase. Beta-phenylalanine transaminase ELISA Kit. Beta-phenylalanine transaminase Recombinant. Beta- ...
Aminotransferase14
- The systematic name of this enzyme class is L-alanine:3-oxopropanoate aminotransferase . (wikipedia.org)
- Other names in common use include beta-alanine-pyruvate aminotransferase , and beta-alanine-alpha-alanine transaminase . (wikipedia.org)
- The primary structure of omega-amino acid:pyruvate aminotransferase. (pseudomonas.com)
- AGXT2 (Alanine--Glyoxylate Aminotransferase 2) is a Protein Coding gene. (genecards.org)
- Aminotransferase that acts exclusively on beta-amino acids and exhibits a broad substrate range in vitro, accepting meta-, para- and, to a lesser extent, ortho-substituted beta-phenylalanine derivatives as amino donors, and 2-oxoglutarate or pyruvate as amino acceptors. (mybiosource.com)
- Also known as Beta-phenylalanine transaminase (Aromatic beta-amino acid aminotransferase) (Beta-phenylalanine aminotransferase) (VpAT). (mybiosource.com)
- Rat kidney glutamine transaminase K (GTK) exhibits broad specificity both as an aminotransferase and as a cysteine S-conjugate beta-lyase. (touro.edu)
- We show here that recombinant human GTK (rhGTK) also exhibits broad specificity both as an aminotransferase and as a cysteine S-conjugate beta-lyase. (touro.edu)
- S-(1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoroethyl)-l-cysteine is an excellent aminotransferase and beta-lyase substrate of rhGTK. (touro.edu)
- Moderate aminotransferase and beta-lyase activities occur with the chemopreventive agent Se-methyl-l-selenocysteine. (touro.edu)
- l-3-(2-Naphthyl)alanine, l-3-(1-naphthyl)alanine, 5-S-l-cysteinyldopamine and 5-S-l-cysteinyl-l-DOPA are measurable aminotransferase substrates, indicating that the active site can accommodate large aromatic amino acids. (touro.edu)
- The recombinant enzyme was purified and showed a specific activity of 17.5 U mg −1 for ( S )-β-phenylalanine at 30°C and 33 U mg −1 at the optimum temperature of 55°C. The β-specific aminotransferase exhibits a broad substrate range, accepting ortho -, meta -, and para -substituted β-phenylalanine derivatives as amino donors and 2-oxoglutarate and pyruvate as amino acceptors. (asm.org)
- Antigen standard for alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGXT) is a lysate prepared from HEK293T cells transiently transfected with a TrueORF gene-carrying pCMV plasmid and then lysed in RIPA Buffer. (creativebiomart.net)
- Alanine aminotransferase measurements are used in the diagnosis and treatment of certain liver diseases (e.g., viral hepatitis and cirrhosis) and heart diseases. (cdc.gov)
Enzyme13
- Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are L-alanine and 3-oxopropanoate , whereas its two products are pyruvate and beta-alanine . (wikipedia.org)
- This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases , specifically the transaminases , which transfer nitrogenous groups. (wikipedia.org)
- In enzymology, a beta-alanine-pyruvate transaminase (EC 2.6.1.18) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction L-alanine + 3-oxopropanoate ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } pyruvate + beta-alanine Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are L-alanine and 3-oxopropanoate, whereas its two products are pyruvate and beta-alanine. (wikipedia.org)
- This enzyme participates in 4 metabolic pathways: alanine and aspartate metabolism, valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation, beta-alanine metabolism, and propanoate metabolism. (wikipedia.org)
- A PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE containing enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of an amino group from L-ALANINE to 3-oxopropanoate to generate PYRUVATE and BETA-ALANINE. (bvsalud.org)
- A PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE containing enzyme that catalyzes the reversible transfer of an amino group between D-Alanine and alpha-ketoglutarate to form PYRUVATE and D-GLUTAMATE, respectively. (bvsalud.org)
- The D-alanyl-d-alanine carboxypeptidase enzyme is essential for virulence in the Schu S4 strain of Francisella tularensis and a dacD mutant is able to provide protection against a pneumonic challenge. (bioportfolio.com)
- It is synthesized by the enzyme-catalyzed condensation of β-alanine and pan. (bioportfolio.com)
- Using enzyme cascades in biocatalysis: Highlight on transaminases and carboxylic acid reductases. (exeter.ac.uk)
- This gene encodes a mitochondrial alanine transaminase, a pyridoxal enzyme that catalyzes the reversible transamination between alanine and 2-oxoglutarate to generate pyruvate and glutamate. (genecards.org)
- The implementation of a mutant aspartokinase enzyme ensured efficient supply of L-aspartate-beta-semialdehyde, the precursor for ectoine biosynthesis. (biomedcentral.com)
- At high concentrations of lactate, the enzyme exhibits feedback inhibition and the rate of conversion of pyruvate to lactate is decreased. (bionity.com)
- Several researches were conducted in different fruit varieties and in their respective juices to understand the role of pectic enzymes in softening of fruit tissues and their intended use in preparation of fruit juices to enhance mashing of fruits, for clarification of fruit juices and also to increase the release … PYK belongs to pyruvate kinase which is a key enzyme of glycolytic pathway. (999lucky197.com)
Mitochondrial1
- When present in sufficiently high levels, beta-alanine can act as a neurotoxin, a mitochondrial toxin, and a metabotoxin. (hmdb.ca)
Glutamate4
- cannot use beta-alanine or beta-glutamate as substrate. (mybiosource.com)
- GPT2 encodes one of the two pyridoxal enzymes which catalyze a reversible transamination reaction to yield glutamate and pyruvate so these enzymes participate in amino acid metabolism and gluconeogenesis. (antibodies-online.com)
- Catalyzes the reversible transamination between alanine and 2-oxoglutarate to form pyruvate and glutamate. (genecards.org)
- In addition to these routes of production, AKG can be produced from glutamate by oxidative deamination via glutamate dehydrogenase, and as a product of pyridoxal phosphate-dependent transamination reactions (mediated by branched-chain amino acid transaminases) in which glutamate is a common amino donor. (hmdb.ca)
GABA5
- Chronically high levels of beta-alanine are associated with at least three inborn errors of metabolism, including GABA-transaminase deficiency, hyper-beta-alaninemia, and methylmalonate semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency. (hmdb.ca)
- beta-Alanine is a central nervous system (CNS) depressant and is an inhibitor of GABA transaminase. (hmdb.ca)
- The associated inhibition of GABA transaminase and displacement of GABA from CNS binding sites can also lead to GABAuria (high levels of GABA in the urine) and convulsions. (hmdb.ca)
- [ 7 ] Phenelzine is shown to elevate brain levels of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and alanine (ALA) as well as to inhibit the activity of the transaminases that normally metabolize these amino acids. (drugbank.ca)
- GABA is converted to succinic semialdehyde by GABA transaminase. (thefreedictionary.com)
Acid11
- Alanine is a nonessential amino acid made in the body from the conversion of the carbohydrate pyruvate or the breakdown of DNA and the dipeptides carnosine and anserine. (rumendb.ca)
- From here the UMP can either be used in the nucleic acid synthesis (up) or broken down to Beta-alanine or (S)-beta-aminoisobutyrate. (wikipathways.org)
- beta-Alanine is the only naturally occurring beta-amino acid - an amino acid in which the amino group is at the beta-position from the carboxylate group. (hmdb.ca)
- It is a component of the naturally occurring peptides carnosine and anserine and also of pantothenic acid (vitamin B-5), which itself is a component of coenzyme A. Under normal conditions, beta-alanine is metabolized into acetic acid. (hmdb.ca)
- Since neuronal uptake and neuronal receptor sensitivity to beta-alanine have been demonstrated, beta-alanine may act as a false transmitter replacing gamma-aminobutyric acid. (hmdb.ca)
- In addition, there are a number of other disorders of amino acid and organic acid metabolism, including those involving beta- and gamma-amino acids , the gamma-glutamyl cycle , glycine , histidine , lysine , proline and hydroxyproline , and miscellaneous other amino acid disorders . (merckmanuals.com)
- Alanine transaminases play roles in gluconeogenesis and amino acid metabolism in many tissues including skeletal muscle, kidney, and liver. (genecards.org)
- Pyruvate can be converted into carbohydrates via gluconeogenesis, to fatty acids or energy through acetyl-CoA, to the amino acid alanine and to ethanol. (foodb.ca)
- The carboxylate (COOH) ion (anion) of pyruvic acid, CH3COCOO-, is known as pyruvate, and is a key intersection in several metabolic pathways. (foodb.ca)
- It can be made from glucose through glycolysis, supplies energy to living cells in the citric acid cycle, and can also be converted to carbohydrates via gluconeogenesis, to fatty acids or energy through acetyl-CoA, to the amino acid alanine and to ethanol. (foodb.ca)
- Pyruvic acid or pyruvate is a key intermediate in the glycolytic and pyruvate dehydrogenase pathways, which are involved in biological energy production. (foodb.ca)
Metabolism3
- Polymorphisms in this gene affect methylarginine and beta-aminoisobutyrate metabolism, and are associated with carotid atherosclerosis. (genecards.org)
- Alanine is an important participant as well as regulator in glucose metabolism. (rumendb.ca)
- Normal alanine metabolism, like that of other amino acids, is highly dependent upon enzymes that contain vitamin B6. (rumendb.ca)
Pyridoxal1
- Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include pyridoxal phosphate binding and alanine-glyoxylate transaminase activity . (genecards.org)
Glycine1
- It catalyzes the conversion of glyoxylate to glycine using L-alanine as the amino donor. (genecards.org)
Transamination1
- The importance of transamination, oxidation and beta-elimination reactions involving 5-S-l-cysteinyldopamine, 5-S-l-cysteinyl-l-DOPA and Se-methyl-l-selenocysteine in human tissues and their biological relevance are discussed. (touro.edu)
Glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase1
- ASPA (aspartoacylase) and GOT1 (glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 1) had lower expression in GBM (associated with poor outcomes). (beds.ac.uk)
Hepatic1
- Elevated levels of the transaminases can indicate myocardial infarction, hepatic disease, muscular dystrophy, or organ damage. (cdc.gov)
Dehydrogenase complex1
- pyruvate decarboxylase, E1 component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. (genome.jp)
Pathways2
- Moreover, the presence of fluxes through cytosolic glycolysis and alanine biosynthesis pathways were predicted with high consistency with gene expression levels. (nature.com)
- Pyruvate is a key intersection in the network of metabolic pathways. (foodb.ca)
Liver1
- alculate the net number of moles of energy-rich phosphate (ATP equivalents) that should be produced when one mole tricaproin is oxidized in liver mitochonridria completely to 2 and 2 via beta oxidation and the carbons of glycerol are oxidized to 2. (docplayer.net)
Pyruvic1
- GPT2 (Glutamic--Pyruvic Transaminase 2) is a Protein Coding gene. (genecards.org)
AGXT21
- Diseases associated with AGXT2 include Beta-Aminoisobutyric Aciduria and Primary Hyperoxaluria . (genecards.org)
Amino acids4
- Plasma alanine is often decreased when the BCAA (Branched Chain Amino Acids) are deficient. (rumendb.ca)
- Is highly enantioselective toward (S)-beta-phenylalanine (is not active with (R)-beta-phenylalanine) and derivatives with different substituents on the phenyl ring, allowing the kinetic resolution of various racemic beta-amino acids to yield (R)-beta-amino acids with >95% enantiomeric excess (ee). (mybiosource.com)
- belongs to the class of organic compounds known as beta amino acids and derivatives. (hmdb.ca)
- These are amino acids having a (-NH2) group attached to the beta carbon atom. (hmdb.ca)
Substrate Specificity1
- Substrate Specificity of Human Glutamine Transaminase K as an Aminotra" by Arthur J L Cooper, John T. Pinto et al. (touro.edu)
Pseudomonas2
- Functional characterization of seven γ-Glutamylpolyamine synthetase genes and the bauRABCD locus for polyamine and β-Alanine utilization in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. (pseudomonas.com)
- Kato J Enzymatic production of L-alanine by Pseudomonas dacunhae. (rumendb.ca)
Coenzyme1
- Pyruvate is converted into acetyl-coenzyme A, which is the main input for a series of reactions known as the Krebs cycle. (foodb.ca)
Inhibition1
- Inhibition of Pantothenate Synthetase by Analogs of β-Alanine Precursor Ineffective as an Antibacterial Strategy. (bioportfolio.com)
Catalyzes1
- Cystathionine beta synthase catalyzes the upper reaction and cystathionine gamma-lyase catalyzes the lower reaction. (wikidoc.org)
Taurine1
- In addition to its neurotoxicity, beta-alanine reduces cellular levels of taurine, which are required for normal respiratory chain function. (hmdb.ca)
Gene1
- The GmCBS21 gene encoded a protein containing the cystathionine beta synthase (CBS) and DUF21 domains [ 5 ]. (mdpi.com)
Proteins1
- cystathionine beta synthase (CBS) domain-containing proteins (CDCPs) may be implicated in abiotic stress tolerance in plants. (mdpi.com)
Pathway1
- Is likely involved in the beta-phenylalanine degradation pathway that allows V.paradoxus strain CBF3 to use beta-phenylalanine as a sole nitrogen source. (mybiosource.com)