Berberine Alkaloids
Berberine
Alkaloids
Ergot Alkaloids
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids
Vinca Alkaloids
Coptis
Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids
Aconitum
Claviceps
Plant Extracts
Characteristics of tetrahydroprotoberberines on dopamine D1 and D2 receptors in calf striatum. (1/114)
AIM: To study the characteristics of tetrahydroprotoberberines (THPB) on dopamine D1 and D2 receptors and elucidate their structure-activity relationship. METHODS: Radioligand assay in vitro with a two-site model program analysis. RESULTS: Four THPB with two hydorxyl groups on C2 and C9 or C2 and C10 exhibited RH and RL two binding sites to D1 receptors and guanosine triphosphate regulated the RH binding site of SPD and THPB-132A in competition assay, while eleven THPB including nonhydroxy-THPB, monohydroxy-THPB, and THPB with two hydroxyl groups attaching to C3 and C10 showed one binding site to D1 receptors under the same conditions. However, the tested eleven THPB all manifested one binding site to D2 receptors in competition assay, and the 2-hydroxy-THPB had the most potent affinity for D2 receptors. CONCLUSION: Dihydroxy-THPB with two hydroxyl groups attaching to C2 and C9 or C2 and C10 possess the intrinsic activity of agonist to D1 receptors, while the other THPB do not. The tested eleven THPB all are the antagonists of D2 receptors. (+info)Effects of tetrahydroprotoberberines on dopamine D2 receptors in ventral tegmental area of rat. (2/114)
AIM: To compare the actions of tetrahydroprotoberberines (THPB) on dopamine (DA) D2 receptors in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) of rat. METHODS: Extracellular single unit recording technique was used in i.v. gallamine-paralyzed rats. RESULTS: Eleven THPB analogs tested completely attenuated the apomorphine (Apo, 20 micrograms.kg-1)-induced inhibition on VTA DA cell firing activity. The OH group on C2 at THPB was linked with the reversal of Apo-induced inhibition. Their reversal potencies (ED50, microgram.kg-1) for D2 receptors were: THPB-143 (5.6) > SPD (8.5) > Iso (17.0) > THP (33) > THB (48) > THPB-18 (66) > THPB-1 (179) > THPB-19 (408) > THPB-126 (510) > THPB-104 (1019) > THPB-10 (4815). CONCLUSION: Among these 11 THPB, the 2-hydroxyl-THPB (THPB-143) showed the strongest antagonistic action on D2 receptors. (+info)Relationship between electroacupuncture analgesia and dopamine receptors in nucleus accumbens. (3/114)
AIM: To study the roles of dopamine (DA) D1 and D2 receptors in nucleus accumbens in electroacupuncture analgesia (EAA) and the potentiation of EAA of rats induced by l-tetrahydropalmatine (l-THP), a dopamine receptor antagonist. METHODS: SK&F-38393 and quinpirole hydrochloride (Qui), highly selective agonists of D1 and D2 receptors, respectively were injected into nucleus accumbens of rats. RESULTS: SK&F-38393 (5 and 10 micrograms) attenuated the potentiation of EAA induced by l-THP, 10 micrograms SKF38393 attenuated EAA as well, while Qui (10 and 20 micrograms) had no effect on EAA and the potentiation of EAA induced by l-THP. CONCLUSION: D1 but not D2 receptor in nucleus accumbens play an important role in EAA and the potentiation of EAA induced by l-THP. (+info)Differential inhibitory effects of protoberberines on sterol and chitin biosyntheses in Candida albicans. (4/114)
The anti-Candida potentials of 12 Korean medicinal plants were explored: methanol extracts from Coptis rhizoma and Phellodendron amurense caused significant inhibition of growth of Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida krusei and Candida parapsilosis. The predominant active components of the extracts were the protoberberines berberine and palmatine; the most potent inhibition of growth was exhibited by berberine on C. krusei (MIC <4 mg/L) and palmatine on C. parapsilosis (MIC 16 mg/L). Both berberine and palmatine inhibited the in-vivo rate of incorporation of L-[methyl-14C]methionine into C-24 of ergosterol in C. albicans (50% inhibition concentration (IC50 values), 25 microM and 300 microM, respectively); this result suggests that sterol 24-methyl transferase (24-SMT) is one of the cellular targets for the antifungal activity of the protoberberines. In-vitro 24-SMT activity in microsomes from the yeast growth form of C. albicans was inhibited by both berberine (inhibition constant (Ki) 232 microM) and palmatine (Ki 257 microM) in a non-competitive manner; inhibition of 24-SMT was more marked for the mycelial form than for the yeast growth form of this organism. Palmatine inhibited chitin synthase from both the yeast and mycelial growth phases of C. albicans in a non-competitive manner (Ki 780 microM). The effects of protoberberines, extracted from established medicinal plants, on both sterol and cell wall biosyntheses in pathogenic fungi indicate that the potential of these compounds, or their semi-synthetic derivatives, as a novel class of antifungal agents should be investigated more fully. (+info)Effect of tetrahydropalmatine analogs on Fos expression induced by formalin-pain. (5/114)
AIM: To study the effect of tetrahydropalmatine (THP) analogs on Fos protein expression induced by formalin-pain and elucidate analgesic mechanism of THP analogs. METHODS: The pain response to Sprague Dawley rats was induced with formalin injected s.c. into the plantar surface of the right hindpaw. Fos protein expression in brain and spinal cord was investigated with immunohistochemistry. The numbers of Fos-like immunoreactive (FLI) neurons were counted with Leica Q570 image analyzer. RESULTS: In the groups of THP analogs and D2 antagonist spiperone, FLI neurons induced by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of THP analogs and spiperone were mainly located in the striatum and accumbens nucleus, and a few FLI neurons were also in sensorimotor cortex. In the D1 antagonist, D1 agonist, D2 agonist, saline and vehicle groups, FLI neurons were seldom seen in the striatum and accumbens nucleus. Moreover, the Fos protein expression induced by l-THP and spiperone could be prevented by the pre-treatment of the D2 agonist quinpirole but not D1 agonist SKF38393. In the formalin-pain group, FLI neurons were mainly distributed in ascending pain afferent system (APAS) and descending pain modulation system (DPMS). Following i.p. THP analogs, however, the numbers of FLI neurons induced by formalin-pain in the APAS, such as dorsal horn (mainly laminae I, II, IV-VI) were markedly decreased, while the numbers of FLI neurons in the DPMS, such as periaqueductal gray (PAG) and reticular paragigantocellular lateral nucleus (RPLN) were significantly increased. CONCLUSION: THP analogs enhanced the activity of brainstem DPMS by the blockade of D2 receptors in the striatum and accumbens nucleus, and sequentially inhibited the inputs of peripheral pain afferent message in spinal cord level. (+info)Effect of protopine on cytosolic Ca2+ in rabbit platelets. (6/114)
AIM: To study the influence of protopine (Pro) on the cytoplasmic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in rabbit platelets. METHODS: Measurement of [Ca2+]i of platelets in vitro by Fura 2-AM fluorescence technique. RESULTS: In the presence of CaCl2 1 mmol.L-1, Pro 10, 20, and 40 mumol.L-1 attenuated the rise in [Ca2+]i evoked by ADP from (420 +/- 57) to (320 +/- 26), (264 +/- 21), and (180 +/- 14) nmol.L-1, respectively, by arachidonic acid (AA) from (280 +/- 36) to (210 +/- 17), (184 +/- 21), and (143 +/- 16) nmol.L-1, respectively, and by platelet-activating factor (PAF) from (350 +/- 42) to (282 +/- 31), (223 +/- 30), and (165 +/- 15) nmol.L-1, respectively. In the presence of egtazic acid 1 mmol.L-1, Pro 10, 20, and 40 mumol.L-1 reduced the Ca2+ release induced by ADP, AA, and PAF, respectively. Pro 10, 20, and 40 mumol.L-1 also decreased ADP-, AA-, and PAF-induced Ca2+ influx. CONCLUSION: Pro inhibited not only Ca2+ release but also the influx of Ca2+. (+info)Supraspinal D2 receptor involved in antinociception induced by l-tetrahydropalmatine. (7/114)
AIM: To study the role of dopamine (DA) receptors in l-tetrahydropalmatine (l-THP)-induced antinociception. METHODS: The intraperitoneal (i.p.) and intrathecal (ith) injections were used to give the drugs. The tail-flick test was used to assess the nociceptive threshold of rats. RESULTS: By i.p. injection, l-THP (10, 20, 40 mg.kg-1) as well as D2 receptor antagonist spiperone (1, 2, 3 mg.kg-1) produced dose-dependent antinociceptive effects on the nociception of rats, while D2 receptor agonist quinpirole, D1 receptor agonist SKF38393, and D1 receptor antagonist Sch-23390 showed no antinociception. Moreover, l-THP- or spiperone-induced antinociception was markedly attenuated by quinpirole (2, 3 mg.kg-1) but not SKF38393 or naloxone. On the other hand, ith quinpirole (20, 30, 40 micrograms.kg-1) also induced a dose-dependent antinociception, while ith l-THP, spiperone, SKF38393, and Sch-23390 did not exhibit any antinociception. Furthermore, ith spiperone (20, 30, 40 micrograms.kg-1) but not Sch-23390 dose-dependently antagonised the antinociception induced by quinpirole. l-THP (ith, 100, 200, 300 micrograms.kg-1) also dramatically attenuated the quinpirole-induced antinociception with a dose-dependent relationship. CONCLUSION: Activating the spinal D2 receptor or blocking the supraspinal D2 receptor produces antinociception. D1 receptor might be not directly involved in the antinociception. l-THP (as a D2 antagonist) as well as spiperone produces antinociception via blocking the supraspinal D2 receptor. (+info)Electrophysiological effects of protopine in cardiac myocytes: inhibition of multiple cation channel currents. (8/114)
Protopine (Pro) from Corydalis tubers has been shown to have multiple actions on cardiovascular system, including anti-arrhythmic, anti-hypertensive and negative inotropic effects. Although it was thought that Pro exerts its actions through blocking Ca(2+) currents, the electrophysiological profile of Pro is unclear. The aim of this study is to elucidate the ionic mechanisms of Pro effects in the heart. In single isolated ventricular myocytes from guinea-pig, extracellular application of Pro markedly and reversibly abbreviates action potential duration, and decreases the rate of upstroke (dV/dt)(max), amplitude and overshoot of action potential in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, it produces a slight, but significant hyperpolarization of the resting membrane potential. Pro at 25, 50 and 100 microM reduces L-type Ca(2+) current (I(Ca,L)) amplitude to 89.1, 61.9 and 45.8% of control, respectively, and significantly slows the decay kinetics of I(Ca,L) at higher concentration. The steady state inactivation of I(Ca,L) is shifted negatively by 5.9 - 7.0 mV (at 50 - 100 microM Pro), whereas the voltage-dependent activation of I(Ca,L) remains unchanged. In contrast, Pro at 100 microM has no evident effects on T-type Ca(2+) current (I(Ca,T)). In the presence of Pro, both the inward rectifier (I(K1)) and delayed rectifier (I(K)) potassium currents are variably inhibited, depending on Pro concentrations. Sodium current (I(Na)), recorded in low [Na(+)](o) (40 mM) solution, is more potently suppressed by Pro. At 25 microM, Pro significantly attenuated I(Na) at most of the test voltages (-60 approximately +40 mV, with a 53% reduction at -30 mV. Thus, Pro is not a selective Ca(2+) channel antagonist. Rather, it acts as a promiscuous inhibitor of cation channel currents including I(Ca,L), I(K), I(K1) as well as I(Na). These findings may provide some mechanistic explanations for the therapeutic actions of Pro in the heart. (+info)Berberine alkaloids are a type of natural compound found in several plants, including the Berberis species (such as barberry and tree turmeric), goldenseal, Oregon grape, and phellodendron. The most well-known and researched berberine alkaloid is berberine itself, which has a yellow color and is commonly used in traditional medicine for various purposes, such as treating diarrhea, reducing inflammation, and combating bacterial and fungal infections.
Berberine alkaloids have a complex chemical structure that includes a nitrogen atom, making them basic in nature. They are known to interact with several biological targets, including enzymes and receptors, which contributes to their diverse pharmacological activities. Some of the key mechanisms of action of berberine alkaloids include:
1. Inhibition of DNA gyrase: Berberine alkaloids can interfere with bacterial DNA replication by inhibiting the activity of DNA gyrase, an enzyme that helps to unwind and supercoil DNA during replication. This makes them effective against a wide range of bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE).
2. Interaction with cell membranes: Berberine alkaloids can interact with the lipid bilayer of cell membranes, disrupting their integrity and increasing permeability. This can lead to the death of bacteria, fungi, and cancer cells.
3. Modulation of gene expression: Berberine has been shown to regulate the expression of various genes involved in metabolic processes, inflammation, and cell growth. For example, it can activate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a key enzyme that regulates energy metabolism, which may contribute to its potential benefits in treating diabetes, obesity, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
4. Inhibition of inflammatory mediators: Berberine alkaloids can inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), which are involved in the development of various inflammatory diseases.
5. Antioxidant activity: Berberine alkaloids have antioxidant properties, which can help protect cells from damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS). This may contribute to their potential benefits in treating neurodegenerative disorders and cancer.
In summary, berberine alkaloids exhibit a wide range of pharmacological activities, including antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and metabolic regulatory effects. These properties make them promising candidates for the development of new therapeutic agents to treat various diseases, such as infections, inflammation, diabetes, obesity, and cancer. However, further research is needed to fully understand their mechanisms of action and potential side effects before they can be safely and effectively used in clinical settings.
Berberine is a chemical found in several plants including European barberry, goldenseal, goldthread, Oregon grape, phellodendron, and tree turmeric. It has a yellow color and has been used in traditional medicine for various purposes such as treating diarrhea, reducing inflammation, and fighting bacteria.
Berberine has been studied for its potential health benefits, including its ability to lower blood sugar levels, reduce cholesterol and triglycerides, and improve cardiovascular health. It is thought to work by activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an enzyme that plays a role in regulating metabolism.
However, more research is needed to fully understand the potential benefits and risks of berberine, and it should not be used as a substitute for medical treatment. As with any supplement, it's important to talk to your doctor before taking berberine or any other herbal remedy.
Alkaloids are a type of naturally occurring organic compounds that contain mostly basic nitrogen atoms. They are often found in plants, and are known for their complex ring structures and diverse pharmacological activities. Many alkaloids have been used in medicine for their analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and therapeutic properties. Examples of alkaloids include morphine, quinine, nicotine, and caffeine.
Ergot alkaloids are a type of chemical compound that is produced naturally by certain fungi belonging to the genus Claviceps. These alkaloids are most famously known for being produced by the ergot fungus (Claviceps purpurea), which infects cereal grains such as rye and causes a condition known as ergotism in humans and animals that consume the contaminated grain.
Ergot alkaloids have a complex chemical structure and can have various effects on the human body. They are known to act as powerful vasoconstrictors, which means that they cause blood vessels to narrow and can increase blood pressure. Some ergot alkaloids also have psychoactive effects and have been used in the past for their hallucinogenic properties.
In modern medicine, certain ergot alkaloids are used in the treatment of various conditions, including migraines and Parkinson's disease. However, these compounds can be highly toxic if not used properly, and their use must be carefully monitored to avoid serious side effects.
Indole alkaloids are a type of naturally occurring organic compound that contain an indole structural unit, which is a heterocyclic aromatic ring system consisting of a benzene ring fused to a pyrrole ring. These compounds are produced by various plants and animals as secondary metabolites, and they have diverse biological activities. Some indole alkaloids have important pharmacological properties and are used in medicine as drugs or lead compounds for drug discovery. Examples of medically relevant indole alkaloids include reserpine, which is used to treat hypertension, and vinblastine and vincristine, which are used to treat various types of cancer.
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are a group of naturally occurring chemical compounds found in various plants, particularly in the families Boraginaceae, Asteraceae, and Fabaceae. These compounds have a pyrrolizidine ring structure and can be toxic or carcinogenic to humans and animals. They can contaminate food and feed sources, leading to poisoning and health issues. Chronic exposure to PAs has been linked to liver damage, veno-occlusive disease, and cancer. It is important to avoid consumption of plants containing high levels of PAs and to monitor food and feed sources for PA contamination.
Vinca alkaloids are a group of naturally occurring chemicals derived from the Madagascar periwinkle plant, Catharanthus roseus. They are known for their antineoplastic (cancer-fighting) properties and are used in chemotherapy to treat various types of cancer. Some examples of vinca alkaloids include vinblastine, vincristine, and vinorelbine. These agents work by disrupting the normal function of microtubules, which are important components of the cell's structure and play a critical role in cell division. By binding to tubulin, a protein that makes up microtubules, vinca alkaloids prevent the formation of mitotic spindles, which are necessary for cell division. This leads to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis (programmed cell death) in cancer cells. However, vinca alkaloids can also affect normal cells, leading to side effects such as neurotoxicity, myelosuppression, and gastrointestinal disturbances.
Coptis is a genus of flowering plants in the family Ranunculaceae, also known as coptis or goldthread. The name "Coptis" is derived from the Greek word "koptos," which means "cutting" or "engraved," referring to the shape of the root.
In a medical context, Coptis species, particularly Coptis chinensis and Coptis japonica, have been used in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries. The rhizomes (underground stems) of these plants contain various alkaloids, including berberine, which has been studied for its potential medicinal properties.
Berberine has been found to have antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects, among others. It has been used in traditional medicine to treat a variety of conditions, such as gastrointestinal disorders, skin diseases, and infections. However, more research is needed to fully understand the potential benefits and risks of using Coptis or its constituents for medicinal purposes.
It's important to note that while some natural substances like berberine have shown promise in preliminary studies, they should not be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult with a healthcare provider before starting any new supplement regimen.
Cinchona alkaloids are a group of naturally occurring chemical compounds that are found in the bark of Cinchona trees, which are native to South America. These alkaloids have been used for centuries in traditional medicine to treat various ailments, most notably malaria. The main cinchona alkaloids include quinine, quinidine, cinchonine, and cinchonidine.
Quinine is the most well-known of these alkaloids and has been used for centuries as an effective antimalarial agent. It works by interfering with the reproduction of the malaria parasite in the red blood cells. Quinine is also used to treat other medical conditions, such as leg cramps and restless legs syndrome.
Quinidine is another important cinchona alkaloid that is used primarily as an antiarrhythmic agent to treat irregular heart rhythms. It works by slowing down the electrical conduction in the heart and stabilizing its rhythm.
Cinchonine and cinchonidine have more limited medical uses, mainly as bitter-tasting ingredients in tonics and other beverages. However, they also have some medicinal properties, such as being used as antimalarial agents and antiarrhythmic drugs in some countries.
It is important to note that cinchona alkaloids can have serious side effects if not used properly, so they should only be taken under the supervision of a healthcare professional.
Amaryllidaceae alkaloids are a type of naturally occurring chemical compounds that are found in plants belonging to the Amaryllidaceae family, which includes amaryllis, snowdrop, and daffodil species. These alkaloids have diverse pharmacological activities and have been studied for their potential medicinal properties. Some well-known Amaryllidaceae alkaloids include lycorine, galanthamine, and haemantamine.
Lycorine has been shown to have antiviral, antimalarial, and anti-cancer properties. Galanthamine is a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor that has been used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Haemantamine has been studied for its potential as an anti-arrhythmic agent.
It is important to note that while Amaryllidaceae alkaloids have shown promise in preclinical studies, further research is needed to determine their safety and efficacy in humans before they can be approved for medical use. Additionally, some of these alkaloids can be toxic in high concentrations, so it is important to exercise caution when handling or consuming plants that contain them.
Benzylisoquinolines are a type of naturally occurring organic compounds found in various plants. These compounds are derived from the combination of a benzyl group and an isoquinoline ring, hence the name "benzylisoquinolines." They are known to have diverse biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, and antimicrobial properties. Some well-known examples of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids include papaverine, found in the opium poppy, and berberine, found in various medicinal plants such as goldenseal and barberry. These compounds have been used in traditional medicine for centuries and continue to be studied for their potential therapeutic uses.
Hydrastis is the genus name for Hydrastis canadensis, also known as goldenseal. It is a perennial herb native to North America, and its roots and rhizomes have been used in traditional medicine for various purposes. The active compounds in goldenseal include alkaloids such as hydrastine, berberine, and canadine, which are believed to have antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and astringent properties.
However, it is important to note that the use of Hydrastis and its preparations as a medicine should be under the guidance of a healthcare professional, as there may be potential risks and interactions with other medications. Additionally, overharvesting of goldenseal in the wild has led to concerns about its sustainability, so it is recommended to use cultivated sources instead.
Aconitum, also known as monkshood or wolf's bane, is a genus of extremely poisonous plants belonging to the family Ranunculaceae. These plants are native to the mountainous regions of the Northern Hemisphere, especially in Asia. The name Aconitum comes from the Greek word "akonitos," which is believed to be derived from "akone," meaning "dart" or "pointed stake," referring to the shape of the plant's roots and its use as a poison on weapons.
The plants contain various alkaloids, primarily aconitine, which is responsible for their toxicity. All parts of the plant are considered poisonous, but the roots and seeds contain the highest concentration of aconitine. Ingesting or touching any part of the Aconitum plant can cause severe symptoms, including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, heart problems, paralysis, and even death if not treated promptly.
In traditional medicine, some species of Aconitum have been used in small, controlled doses to treat various ailments, such as pain, inflammation, and heart conditions. However, due to the high risk of toxicity, these uses are generally discouraged in modern medicine, and safer alternatives are recommended.
Aporphine is a type of chemical compound called alkaloids, which are found in certain plants. Aporphines have a specific chemical structure and can have various pharmacological effects. They have been studied for their potential medicinal properties, including anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, and antiasthmatic activities. Some aporphine alkaloids have also been found to have psychoactive effects and are used in traditional medicine in some cultures. However, more research is needed to fully understand the therapeutic potential and safety of aporphines.
'Claviceps' is a genus of filamentous fungi that are commonly known as ergots. These fungi infect the grasses and grains in the family Poaceae, which includes important crop plants such as wheat, rye, barley, and corn. The most well-known species in this genus is Claviceps purpurea, which causes a disease called ergotism in humans and animals that consume contaminated grains.
Ergotism is a serious condition that can cause a range of symptoms, including convulsions, hallucinations, gangrene, and death. The fungus produces alkaloids that can affect the nervous system and blood vessels, leading to these symptoms. Historically, ergotism was a significant public health problem in Europe, where it was known as "St. Anthony's Fire" because of the burning sensations it caused in the limbs.
Today, ergotism is rare thanks to improved grain storage and monitoring practices. However, Claviceps species continue to be important in agriculture and medicine. Some of the alkaloids produced by these fungi have been used in pharmaceuticals to treat conditions such as migraines and Parkinson's disease.
A plant extract is a preparation containing chemical constituents that have been extracted from a plant using a solvent. The resulting extract may contain a single compound or a mixture of several compounds, depending on the extraction process and the specific plant material used. These extracts are often used in various industries including pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, and food and beverage, due to their potential therapeutic or beneficial properties. The composition of plant extracts can vary widely, and it is important to ensure their quality, safety, and efficacy before use in any application.
'Catharanthus' is a genus of plants in the Apocynaceae family, commonly known as the dogbane family. The most well-known species is Catharanthus roseus, also known as Madagascar periwinkle or rosy periwinkle. This plant contains alkaloids that have been used in the production of drugs for cancer treatment. Vincristine and vinblastine are two such alkaloids derived from C. roseus, which have shown significant anti-cancer properties and are used to treat various types of cancers, including leukemia and lymphoma.
It is important to note that the use of Catharanthus or its derivatives should be under medical supervision due to their potent biological activities and potential side effects.
Columbamine oxidase
Berberis
AKR1B1
Alkaloid
Berberine
Reticuline oxidase
Berberine reductase
Nectandra
Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha
Coptis trifolia
Isoquinoline alkaloids
Jeffersonia
Coptis
Canadine
SkQ
Sanguinaria
Phellodendrine
Columbamine
Sanguinarine
Berberis koreana
Anamirta cocculus
Mahonia fortunei
Alexander Lauder (chemist)
Coptis chinensis
Berberis hispanica
4-Hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde
Rose May Davis
Coptis japonica
BBE-like enzymes
Cannabidiolic acid synthase
Vectorial transport of the plant alkaloid berberine by double-transfected cells expressing the human organic cation transporter...
Fungicidal and herbicidal activities of berberine related alkaloids - ABIM - An Annotated Bibliography of Indian Medicine
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The Use of Plant Antimicrobial Compounds for Food Preservation
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Bentonite Oral Balm | Beautiful On Raw
Kruidwis - Mahonia aquifolium / Mahonie
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Phellodendron Amurense Extract | Benefits and Uses of Phellodendron - Xtendlife Natural Products
Oregon Grape and breastfeeding. Are they compatible?
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Metformin or Berberine - For what conditions? | Cassiopaea Forum
Solaray Oregon Grape Root Capsules 400mg, 100 ct - Kroger
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2,067 Alkaloid PPTs View free & download | PowerShow.com
Isoquinoline alkaloids7
- These effects of Rhizoma coptidis are attributed to its alkaloid components, especially isoquinoline alkaloids [ 10 ]. (springer.com)
- We chose five isoquinoline alkaloids (berberine, coptisine, palmatine, jateorrhizine, epiberberine) and one aporphine alkaloid (magnoflorine) of Rhizoma coptidis as research goals (Fig. 1 ). (springer.com)
- b Substituents of the five isoquinoline alkaloids. (springer.com)
- Berberine is chemically classified as a protoberberine, which is a group of isoquinoline alkaloids. (xtend-life.com)
- It contains isoquinoline alkaloids such as berberine, berbamine, oxyacanthine, and palmatine (Skidmore 2010 p475). (e-lactancia.org)
- Isoquinoline alkaloids - Isoquinoline alkaloids 1-Benzyl isoquinoline type: Papaverine: An opiate alkaloid isolated from the plant Papaver somniferum and produced synthetically. (powershow.com)
- Another group, isoquinoline alkaloids, include berberine, hydrastine and sanguinarine found in herbs such as barberry, Oregon Grape root, goldenseal and bloodroot). (vin.com)
Hydrastine3
- Golden Seal contains alkaloids (especially hydrastine and berberine) and other phytochemicals. (standardprocess.com)
- Golden Seal 1:3 contains a minimum of 6.0 mg/mL of both hydrastine and berberine to ensure optimal strength and quality. (standardprocess.com)
- Each Serving Size 5 mL (1 tsp) contains: Calories 10, Golden Seal root & rhizome 1:3 extract 5 mL (from Hydrastis canadensis root & rhizome 1.67 g, Containing hydrastine 30 mg and berberine 40 mg). (standardprocess.com)
Goldenseal6
- In 1950, it was not known that Echinacea contains alkamides that reduce a key inflammatory pathway or that goldenseal contains alkaloids that help select for good gut bacteria while restoring the intestinal mucosa. (ndnr.com)
- An alkaloid found in many plants, including goldenseal, barberry, Oregon grape and goldthread, berberine has long been used as a natural compound for a number of common ailments. (enzymedica.com)
- Berberine can be sourced from many plants, including Barberry and Goldenseal. (enzymedica.com)
- The main alkaloid constituent of Goldenseal is berberine. (personalhealthzone.com)
- The topical application of Goldenseal or berberine to the skin or eyes raises the possibility that an adverse phototoxic reaction may result from an interaction between the alkaloid and light.These findings suggest that exposure to sunlight or artificial light sources emitting UVA should be avoided when topical preparations derived from Goldenseal or containing berberine are used. (personalhealthzone.com)
- Chem Res Toxicol 2001 Nov;14(11):1529-34 - Photochemistry and photocytotoxicity of alkaloids from Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis L.) 1. (personalhealthzone.com)
Coptisine1
- Alkaloids, especially berberine, coptisine and palmatine, are responsible for multiple pharmacological effects of Rhizoma coptidis. (springer.com)
Oxyacanthine2
- Of its main alkaloids tested, berberine inhibited cell growth to the same extent as did the Mahonia extract, while the benzylisoquinoline alkaloids berbamine and oxyacanthine were more potent inhibitors by a factor of three. (google.com)
- The bark contains many active alkaloids, like berberine, oxyacanthine, and columbamine which are all antibacterial. (krishnaherbals.com)
Main alkaloids1
- a The parent structure of main alkaloids in Rhizoma coptidis. (springer.com)
Palmatine1
- The major components of the plant are protoberberine alkaloids: palmatine and berberine. (mfa.org)
Barberry4
- Sustainably sourced from barberry, Enzymedica's Berberine supports healthy blood sugar already within the normal range, along with the immune and cardiovascular systems. (enzymedica.com)
- Enzymedica's Berberine is sustainably sourced from the barberry plant, which grows abundantly, is naturally sustainable and rich in valuable phytochemicals. (enzymedica.com)
- Berberine is a golden yellow alkaloid obtained from the roots and stems of plants such as Indian barberry and Oregon grape. (myvillagegreen.com)
- Berberine is a golden yellow alkaloid obtained fromthe roots and stems of plants such as Indian Barberry. (myvillagegreen.com)
Take berberine2
- It's likely unsafe to take berberine by mouth if you are pregnant. (webmd.com)
- People who take berberine often report feeling more energetic and having improved digestion and overall well being. (politicalparlor.net)
Bark5
- Quinine, an alkaloid found in the bark of the cinchona tree, has been traditionally used as a natural remedy for malaria by interfering with the parasite's protein synthesis. (selfgrowth.com)
- Each capsule in the BerbaPrime formula contains 500 mg of 97%-pure berberine HCL from the Berberis aristata bark and root. (dallasnews.com)
- The bark of roots and stems contain alkaloids which have a number of therapeutic properties. (google.com)
- The root-bark contains berberine, a bitter alkaloid, that aids in the secretion of bile and is good for liver problems, acts as a mild purgative , and helps regulate the digestive processes, dyspepsia . (emedicinal.com)
- Berberine content in the stem bark of commercial samples of C. fenestraurn purchased from the markets in Pettah was higher than those grown in Sri lanka. (who.int)
Compounds5
- In the realm of organic chemistry, one class of compounds has captured the scientific community's attention for decades - alkaloids. (selfgrowth.com)
- Alkaloids represent a large and diverse group of organic compounds characterized by the presence of a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring. (selfgrowth.com)
- Alkaloids are a fascinating group of naturally occurring chemical compounds found in various plants, fungi, and some animals. (selfgrowth.com)
- Natural products from food sources, such as polyphenols, saponins, alkaloids, and polysaccharides, are classified as antiaging compounds that promote health and prolong life via various mechanisms. (frontiersin.org)
- Mahonia nervosa and M. aquifolium contain alkaloid compounds including berberine which has been used for medicinal uses supporting immune health and strong antibacterial properties. (uwb.edu)
Bitter4
- Berberine is a bitter-tasting and yellow-colored chemical. (webmd.com)
- Lupinus species are broadly divided into bitter lupins, which contain high levels of alkaloids in their seeds, and sweet lupins, which contain lower levels of alkaloids and are cultivated for human consumption. (medscape.com)
- Oregon grape root, though a bitter herb, contains alkaloids such as berberine that have a beneficial effect on the digestive tract. (howstuffworks.com)
- Alkaloids - are derived from amino acids and tend to be bitter tasting (thus acting on the digestive system). (vin.com)
Potent2
- Alkaloids have emerged as promising candidates in the fight against malaria, displaying potent antimalarial effects. (selfgrowth.com)
- Berberine is a potent plant-derived alkaloid that offers a wide range of benefits. (bayho.com)
Pyrrolizidine1
- Pyrrolizidine alkaloids as a subgroup are important for their potential toxicity, for example in Comfrey. (vin.com)
Columbamine1
- In enzymology, a columbamine oxidase (EC 1.21.3.2) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction 2 columbamine + O2 ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } 2 berberine + 2 H2O Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are columbamine and O2, whereas its two products are berberine and H2O. (wikipedia.org)
Oregon Grape1
- In addition to having anti-tumor activity, the berberine alkaloid in Oregon Grape stimulates the immune system. (goldenneedleonline.com)
Metabolism2
- Berberine supplementation activates the enzyme AMPK, which contributes to metabolism regulation. (dallasnews.com)
- Berberine can even help with weight loss when combined with a healthy diet and exercise plan, aiding your metabolism while reducing cravings and improving digestion. (politicalparlor.net)
Aristata2
- Caseiniurn fenestraturn (Menispermaceae) is the plant which serves as the source of berberine in Sri Lanka in place of Berberis aristata (Berberidaceae) which is very rare in Sri Lanka but common in India. (who.int)
- This study indicates that C. fenestraum has a higher berberine content than B. aristata found in Sri Lanka. (who.int)
Stimulates1
- This herb should not be used during pregnancy as the alkaloid berberine stimulates the uterus, and may cause abortion. (krishnaherbals.com)
Lipophilic2
- We identified the lipophilic organic cation berberine, a fluorescent plant alkaloid exhibiting a broad range of biological activities, as substrate of OCT1 and OCT2 with Michaelis-Menten constants of 14.8 microM and 4.4 microM, respectively. (nih.gov)
- It has a lipophilic alkaloid and a hydrophilic alkaloid, but its commonality is alkaline and can be salty with acid. (stanfordchem.com)
Digestive1
- In addition to its cholesterol lowering benefits, berberine also has antioxidant properties which make it useful in managing diabetes, weight loss and digestive problems. (politicalparlor.net)
Extract3
- If you plan to take the berberine extract supplement long-term, you can order in bulk and receive a discount. (dallasnews.com)
- While there are many different forms of berberine on the market today, choosing one that contains 500-1000 mg of pure extract may be your best option. (politicalparlor.net)
- The principal active ingredient in the second component of Relora, extract of Phellodendron amurense, is the isoquinolone alkaloid berberine [second structural formula on the right]. (ironmagazine.com)
Astringent1
- The alkaloid berberine was included as an astringent in eye drops, but its use has become rare. (drugs.com)
Opium2
- Alkaloids (Lecture 5) - Alkaloids (Lecture 5) By Ms. Tehseen Quds Learning Objectives At the end of this lecture students will be able to: Identify Opium and their alkaloids. (powershow.com)
- Protopine, one of the most widely diffused of the opium alkaloids. (herbco.com)
Plant6
- Berberine is a natural plant alkaloid that is believed to offer many health benefits such as blood sugar control, weight loss, improved gut health, less inflammation, and reduced cholesterol. (dallasnews.com)
- It harnesses the power of berberine, a plant-based alkaloid used in Chinese medicine for millennia. (dallasnews.com)
- Berberine is an alkaloid extracted from plant roots. (naturalcompounder.com)
- Alkaloids, also known as organic bases, are widely distributed in many plant materials, and most of them have significant physiological activities. (stanfordchem.com)
- Berberine is a plant alkaloid which means that it's an active substance found in certain plants. (politicalparlor.net)
- Recent research has revealed that berberine, a plant-based alkaloid found in several herbs and plants, can play an important role in improving cognitive function. (politicalparlor.net)
Enzyme2
- This enzyme is also called berberine synthase. (wikipedia.org)
- This enzyme participates in alkaloid biosynthesis i. (wikipedia.org)
Decrease2
- Berberine might decrease how quickly the body breaks down cyclosporine. (webmd.com)
- Because these enzymes metabolize most drugs, berberine may decrease the clearance of many medications thereby potentiating their effect. (enzymedica.com)
Additionally2
- Additionally, alkaloids like cocaine have been used as local anesthetics for surgical procedures. (selfgrowth.com)
- Additionally, Berberine promotes cardiovascular health and helps maintain normal triglyceride levels. (bayho.com)
Pregnancy1
- Berberine and berberine-containing plants are not recommended for use during pregnancy. (enzymedica.com)
Found7
- Cytisine, a tricyclic quinolizidine alkaloid found in Baptisia, Cytisus, Laburnum , and Sophora species, has nicotinelike effects on the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the central nervous system (CNS). (medscape.com)
- These two alkaloids are also found in other genera. (medscape.com)
- This is primarily due to the presence of the alkaloid, berberine, found in both herbs. (kroger.com)
- In a series of two double-blind studies, Berberine was found to be influential for healthy weight management. (enzymedica.com)
- Berberine is a natural compound found in various plants and has been used for centuries as an herbal remedy. (politicalparlor.net)
- Berberine is a natural compound found in several plants that has been used for centuries to treat various ailments. (politicalparlor.net)
- Weight Loss and Appetite Control: Berberine is a natural compound found in many plants that has been used for centuries to treat a variety of health issues. (politicalparlor.net)
Cardiovascular1
- Then we summarized the mechanisms of these alkaloid components of Rhizoma coptidis on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes and diabetic complications. (springer.com)
Supplement7
- The BerbaPrime berberine supplement packs this pure berberine into a veggie capsule that consists of hypromellose, microcrystalline cellulose, magnesium stearate, and silica, which boost the bioavailability and stability of the berberine in the supplement. (dallasnews.com)
- BerbaPrime also comes with a 100-day money-back guarantee that lets you try the effective berberine supplement without risk. (dallasnews.com)
- The bare ingredient label makes Berberine HCl stand out from some of the other best berberine supplement manufacturers on our list. (dallasnews.com)
- Berberine is an herbal supplement that has been used for centuries in Traditional Chinese Medicine to treat a variety of ailments. (politicalparlor.net)
- Today berberine is widely used as a dietary supplement due to its many potential health benefits. (politicalparlor.net)
- Understanding the best berberine supplement is key when it comes to reaping the benefits of this powerful compound. (politicalparlor.net)
- Berberine is a natural supplement that may help reduce cholesterol levels by decreasing the amount of low-density lipoprotein (LDL). (politicalparlor.net)
Plants2
- These berberine-containing plants have been used throughout the world dating back over 3,000 years. (myvillagegreen.com)
- Berberine content in the two plants were- determined by HPLC. (who.int)
Synthesis2
- As a result, alkaloids find applications in various industries, including medicine, agriculture, and even the synthesis of fine chemicals. (selfgrowth.com)
- Berberine works by inhibiting the synthesis of ergosterol, a key component of the fungal cell membrane. (selfgrowth.com)
Inhibition1
- Berberine produces significant inhibition of CYP3A enzymes in humans. (enzymedica.com)
Magnoflorine1
- Other alkaloids: Jatrorrhizine, phellodendrine, candicine and magnoflorine are also reported. (mfa.org)
Root1
- Internal use is not recommended due to the presence of benzophenanthride alkaloids in the root. (herbco.com)
Medicinal2
- Alkaloids possess significant medicinal, pharmaceutical, and ecological importance, making them a subject of extensive research by leading companies. (selfgrowth.com)
- In this article, we will delve into the intriguing world of alkaloids, exploring their sources, structures, and attractive medicinal value. (selfgrowth.com)
Cause harm2
Capsules1
- The serving size for BerbaPrime is three capsules, totaling 1,500 mg of berberine. (dallasnews.com)
Cholesterol5
- People most commonly use berberine for diabetes, high levels of cholesterol or other fats in the blood, and high blood pressure . (webmd.com)
- Taking berberine by mouth, alone or with other ingredients, might help lower total cholesterol , low-density lipoprotein (LDL or "bad") cholesterol, and triglyceride levels in people with high cholesterol. (webmd.com)
- Taking berberine by mouth might lower blood sugar , improve cholesterol and triglyceride levels, reduce testosterone levels, and lower waist-to-hip ratio in people with PCOS. (webmd.com)
- Berberine is believed to support healthy cholesterol levels and reduce inflammation throughout the body. (politicalparlor.net)
- Berberine has been shown to significantly lower total cholesterol and triglyceride levels while increasing HDL levels compared to placebo. (politicalparlor.net)
Toxicity2
- Quinolizidine and isoquinoline are a widely distributed, heterogeneous group of alkaloids with members of each group having known toxicity to humans and domestic animals. (medscape.com)
- They are precipitated by tannins, so should not be mixed together (tannins can therefore be used to treat acute alkaloid toxicity). (vin.com)
Insulin sensitivity1
- Berberine is thought to help regulate blood sugar by increasing insulin sensitivity, promoting glucose uptake into cells, and slowing down the digestion of carbohydrates. (politicalparlor.net)
Supplements3
- But with so many berberine supplements on the market to choose from, choosing the right product for your needs can feel overwhelming. (dallasnews.com)
- To help you decide, we've reviewed the top rated berberine supplements on factors such as dosage, ingredient quality, price, and reviews. (dallasnews.com)
- Here are our top picks for the best berberine supplements of 2023. (dallasnews.com)
Complex2
- Swanson Berberine Complex innehåller även kanel, gymnema och bockhornsklöver för att bidra till en ännu bättre glukosmetabolism. (fitnessbutiken.se)
- There are many kinds of alkaloids, and their structure is very complex. (stanfordchem.com)
Jaundice1
- Berberine can cause gastritis, nephritis, phototoxicity and severe jaundice due to displacement of bilirubin bound to albumin, increasing risk of kernicterus in newborns, greater in the case of Glucose-6PD deficiency (Rad 2017, Chan 1993). (e-lactancia.org)
Liver2
Absorption2
- Bulk Supplement's Berberine HCl powder is 100% pure berberine hydrochloride (HCl) in powder form, allowing for fast absorption rates. (dallasnews.com)
- Berberine may interfere with the absorption of tetracycline and related antibiotics. (enzymedica.com)
Infections3
- Alkaloids have demonstrated considerable potential in combatting various fungal pathogens, providing alternative treatment options for these debilitating infections. (selfgrowth.com)
- From helping to regulate blood sugar levels to boosting heart health and even fighting off bacterial infections, berberine is one of the best natural remedies out there. (politicalparlor.net)
- Berberine has long been associated with traditional Chinese medicine where it was used to treat gastrointestinal problems, fever, infections, colds and other illnesses. (politicalparlor.net)
Blood4
- Taking berberine by mouth seems to slightly reduce blood sugar levels in people with diabetes. (webmd.com)
- Taking 0.9 grams of berberine by mouth daily along with the blood pressure -lowering drug amlodipine reduces blood pressure better than taking amlodipine alone in people with high blood pressure. (webmd.com)
- Berberine also promotes healthy blood sugar levels. (bayho.com)
- Research suggests that berberine can help regulate blood sugar levels, making it an ideal choice for individuals trying to manage diabetes or pre-diabetes. (politicalparlor.net)