AnatomyChemicals and DrugsPhenomena and ProcessesAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureHumanitiesInformation ScienceNamed GroupsHealth CareGeographicals
Benzylammonium CompoundsBromatesAmmonium ChlorideBenzyl AlcoholBenzyl CompoundsDimethyl SulfoxideQuaternary Ammonium CompoundsBenzyl AlcoholsWater PollutionHerbicidesPesticidesInsecticidesWater Pollution, ChemicalChloridesNew HampshireMedical Record AdministratorsPharmacopoeias as TopicFood Coloring AgentsSilverHydrogen PeroxideUnited States Food and Drug AdministrationWoolDetergentsEndopeptidasesPatents as TopicSerine EndopeptidasesPeptide HydrolasesProtease InhibitorsSilicatesMagnesium SilicatesWaterSilicate CementAluminum SilicatesSuspensionsHistoryAlkylationCarbonO(6)-Methylguanine-DNA MethyltransferaseCoated Materials, BiocompatibleDisinfectantsDental DisinfectantsDisinfectionNasal SpraysSodium HypochloritePeracetic AcidChlorine Compounds
Benzylammonium Compounds
QUATERNARY AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS based on BENZYLAMINES with the general formula phenyl-CN+R3.
Bromates
Negative ions or salts derived from bromic acid, HBrO3.
Ammonium Chloride
An acidifying agent that has expectorant and diuretic effects. Also used in etching and batteries and as a flux in electroplating.
Benzyl Alcohol
A colorless liquid with a sharp burning taste and slight odor. It is used as a local anesthetic and to reduce pain associated with LIDOCAINE injection. Also, it is used in the manufacture of other benzyl compounds, as a pharmaceutic aid, and in perfumery and flavoring.
Benzyl Compounds
Dimethyl Sulfoxide
A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds
Derivatives of ammonium compounds, NH4+ Y-, in which all four of the hydrogens bonded to nitrogen have been replaced with hydrocarbyl groups. These are distinguished from IMINES which are RN=CR2.
Benzyl Alcohols
Alcohols derived from the aryl radical (C6H5CH2-) and defined by C6H5CHOH. The concept includes derivatives with any substituents on the benzene ring.
Water Pollution
Contamination of bodies of water (such as LAKES; RIVERS; SEAS; and GROUNDWATER.)
Herbicides
Pesticides used to destroy unwanted vegetation, especially various types of weeds, grasses (POACEAE), and woody plants. Some plants develop HERBICIDE RESISTANCE.
Pesticides
Chemicals used to destroy pests of any sort. The concept includes fungicides (FUNGICIDES, INDUSTRIAL); INSECTICIDES; RODENTICIDES; etc.
Insecticides
Pesticides designed to control insects that are harmful to man. The insects may be directly harmful, as those acting as disease vectors, or indirectly harmful, as destroyers of crops, food products, or textile fabrics.
Water Pollution, Chemical
Adverse effect upon bodies of water (LAKES; RIVERS; seas; groundwater etc.) caused by CHEMICAL WATER POLLUTANTS.
Chlorides
Inorganic compounds derived from hydrochloric acid that contain the Cl- ion.
New Hampshire
Medical Record Administrators
Individuals professionally qualified in the management of patients' records. Duties may include planning, designing, and managing systems for patient administrative and clinical data, as well as patient medical records. The concept includes medical record technicians.
Pharmacopoeias as Topic
Authoritative treatises on drugs and preparations, their description, formulation, analytic composition, physical constants, main chemical properties used in identification, standards for strength, purity, and dosage, chemical tests for determining identity and purity, etc. They are usually published under governmental jurisdiction (e.g., USP, the United States Pharmacopoeia; BP, British Pharmacopoeia; P. Helv., the Swiss Pharmacopoeia). They differ from FORMULARIES in that they are far more complete: formularies tend to be mere listings of formulas and prescriptions.
Food Coloring Agents
Natural or synthetic dyes used as coloring agents in processed foods.
Silver
Silver. An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA.
Hydrogen Peroxide
A strong oxidizing agent used in aqueous solution as a ripening agent, bleach, and topical anti-infective. It is relatively unstable and solutions deteriorate over time unless stabilized by the addition of acetanilide or similar organic materials.
United States Food and Drug Administration
An agency of the PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE concerned with the overall planning, promoting, and administering of programs pertaining to maintaining standards of quality of foods, drugs, therapeutic devices, etc.
Wool
The hair of SHEEP or other animals that is used for weaving.
Detergents
Purifying or cleansing agents, usually salts of long-chain aliphatic bases or acids, that exert cleansing (oil-dissolving) and antimicrobial effects through a surface action that depends on possessing both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties.
Endopeptidases
A subclass of PEPTIDE HYDROLASES that catalyze the internal cleavage of PEPTIDES or PROTEINS.
Patents as Topic
Exclusive legal rights or privileges applied to inventions, plants, etc.
Serine Endopeptidases
Any member of the group of ENDOPEPTIDASES containing at the active site a serine residue involved in catalysis.
Peptide Hydrolases
Hydrolases that specifically cleave the peptide bonds found in PROTEINS and PEPTIDES. Examples of sub-subclasses for this group include EXOPEPTIDASES and ENDOPEPTIDASES.
Protease Inhibitors
Compounds which inhibit or antagonize biosynthesis or actions of proteases (ENDOPEPTIDASES).
Silicates
The generic term for salts derived from silica or the silicic acids. They contain silicon, oxygen, and one or more metals, and may contain hydrogen. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th Ed)
Magnesium Silicates
A generic term for a variety of compounds that contain silicon, oxygen, and magnesium, and may contain hydrogen. Examples include TALC and some kinds of ASBESTOS.
Water
A clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Silicate Cement
A relatively hard, translucent, restorative material used primarily in anterior teeth. (From Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p50)
Aluminum Silicates
Any of the numerous types of clay which contain varying proportions of Al2O3 and SiO2. They are made synthetically by heating aluminum fluoride at 1000-2000 degrees C with silica and water vapor. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed)
Suspensions
Colloids with liquid continuous phase and solid dispersed phase; the term is used loosely also for solid-in-gas (AEROSOLS) and other colloidal systems; water-insoluble drugs may be given as suspensions.
History
Alkylation
The covalent bonding of an alkyl group to an organic compound. It can occur by a simple addition reaction or by substitution of another functional group.
Carbon
A nonmetallic element with atomic symbol C, atomic number 6, and atomic weight [12.0096; 12.0116]. It may occur as several different allotropes including DIAMOND; CHARCOAL; and GRAPHITE; and as SOOT from incompletely burned fuel.
O(6)-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase
An enzyme that transfers methyl groups from O(6)-methylguanine, and other methylated moieties of DNA, to a cysteine residue in itself, thus repairing alkylated DNA in a single-step reaction. EC 2.1.1.63.
Coated Materials, Biocompatible
Biocompatible materials usually used in dental and bone implants that enhance biologic fixation, thereby increasing the bond strength between the coated material and bone, and minimize possible biological effects that may result from the implant itself.
Disinfectants
Substances used on inanimate objects that destroy harmful microorganisms or inhibit their activity. Disinfectants are classed as complete, destroying SPORES as well as vegetative forms of microorganisms, or incomplete, destroying only vegetative forms of the organisms. They are distinguished from ANTISEPTICS, which are local anti-infective agents used on humans and other animals. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed)
Dental Disinfectants
Chemicals especially for use on instruments to destroy pathogenic organisms. (Boucher, Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed)
Disinfection
Rendering pathogens harmless through the use of heat, antiseptics, antibacterial agents, etc.
Nasal Sprays
Pharmacologic agents delivered into the nostrils in the form of a mist or spray.
Sodium Hypochlorite
It is used as an oxidizing and bleaching agent and as a disinfectant. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
Peracetic Acid
A liquid that functions as a strong oxidizing agent. It has an acrid odor and is used as a disinfectant.
Chlorine Compounds
Inorganic compounds that contain chlorine as an integral part of the molecule.

Synthesis and reactions of N-methylbenzylammonium fluorochromate(VI) on silica gel, a selective and efficient heterogeneous oxidant. (1/2)

N-Methylbenzylammonium fluorochromate(VI) (MBAFC) is easily synthesized by addition of N-methylbenzylamine to an aqueous solution of CrO3 and HF. MBAFC shows selectivity in the oxidation of aryl alcohols to their corresponding aldehydes and ketones under mild conditions. The durability, ease of work up and efficiency of MBAFC are considerably increased upon its absorption on silica gel.  (+info)

Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy reveals cation-triggered backbone degradation in polysulfone-based anion exchange membranes. (2/2)

 (+info)

Permselectivity coefficient of anion exchange membranes for electrodialysis of citric acid - Universiti Teknologi Malaysia...Permselectivity coefficient of anion exchange membranes for electrodialysis of citric acid - Universiti Teknologi Malaysia...
The anion exchange membrane find application in diverse process such as electrodialysis, diffusion analysis, membrane electrolysis, reverse osmosis and membrane fuel cells, which are energy, resource and environment saving. The development of ion-exchange membrane of high chemical, mechanical and thermal stability, which meet growing demand of the aforementioned processes, is of great importance. This paper deals with the determination of the membrane permselectivity coefficient of anion exchange membranes for concentration of citric acid using electrodialysis process. The permselectivity coefficient of three types of commercial anion exchange membranes; Neosepta ACS(Tokuyama, Japan), Neosepta AHA2(Tokuyama, Japan) and 204UZR412(Ionics. Inc., USA) were compared in consideration to the physicochemical data of these membranes published so far are not adequate to their industrial application particularly for citric acid concentration. The permselectivity coefficient is the ability of anion exchange ...
http://eprints.utm.my/5001/
Optimized anion exchange membranes for vanadium redox flow batteries<...Optimized anion exchange membranes for vanadium redox flow batteries<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Optimized anion exchange membranes for vanadium redox flow batteries. AU - Chen, Dongyang. AU - Hickner, Michael Anthony. AU - Agar, Ertan. AU - Kumbur, E. Caglan. PY - 2013/8/14. Y1 - 2013/8/14. N2 - In order to understand the properties of low vanadium permeability anion exchange membranes for vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs), quaternary ammonium functionalized Radel (QA-Radel) membranes with three ion exchange capacities (IECs) from 1.7 to 2.4 mequiv g-1 were synthesized and 55-60 μm thick membrane samples were evaluated for their transport properties and in-cell battery performance. The ionic conductivity and vanadium permeability of the membranes were investigated and correlated to the battery performance through measurements of Coulombic efficiency, voltage efficiency and energy efficiency in single cell tests, and capacity fade during cycling. Increasing the IEC of the QA-Radel membranes increased both the ionic conductivity and VO2+ permeability. The 1.7 mequiv g-1 ...
https://pennstate.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/optimized-anion-exchange-membranes-for-vanadium-redox-flow-batter
Anion Exchange Membrane Market Overview 2021-2027: Diversely changing Market Trends with Potential Business Growth - Market...Anion Exchange Membrane Market Overview 2021-2027: Diversely changing Market Trends with Potential Business Growth - Market...
The global Anion Exchange Membrane market was valued at xx million in 2020 and is projected to reach US$ xx million by 2027, at a CAGR of xx% during the forecast period.. MARKET MONITOR GLOBAL, INC (MMG) has surveyed the Anion Exchange Membrane manufacturers, suppliers, distributors and industry experts on this industry, involving the sales, revenue, demand, price change, product type, recent development and plan, industry trends, drivers, challenges, obstacles, and potential risks.. Total Market by Segment ...
https://www.marketoptimizer.org/anion-exchange-membrane-market-overview-2021-2027-diversely-changing-market-trends-with-potential-business-growth/
Highly quaternized polystyrene ionomers for high performance anion exchange membrane water electrolysersHighly quaternized polystyrene ionomers for high performance anion exchange membrane water electrolysers
Water spliting got cheaper. Alkaline anion exchange membrane (AEM) electrolysers to produce hydrogen from water are still at an early stage of development, and their performance is far lower than that of systems based on proton exchange membranes. Here, we report an ammonium-enriched anion exchange ionomer that improves the performance of an AEM electrolyser to levels approaching that of state-of-the-art proton exchange membrane electrolysers. Using rotating-disk electrode experiments, we show that a high pH (13) in the electrode binder is the critical factor for improving the activity of the hydrogen- and oxygen-evolution reactions in AEM electrolysers. Based on this observation, we prepared and tested several quaternized polystyrene electrode binders in an AEM electrolyser. Using the binder with the highest ionic concentration and a NiFe oxygen evolution catalyst, we demonstrated performance of 2.7 A cm−2 at 1.8 V without a corrosive circulating alkaline solution. The limited durability of the AEM
https://russian.lifeboat.com/blog/2020/04/highly-quaternized-polystyrene-ionomers-for-high-performance-anion-exchange-membrane-water-electrolysers
Gypsum scaling on anion exchange membranes during Donnan exchangeGypsum scaling on anion exchange membranes during Donnan exchange
The formation of gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O) scale in ion-exchange membranes was investigated under a Donnan exchange regime. Two types of anion exchange membranes (AEM), homogeneous AMV and heterogeneous MA-40, were used for the study. Counter-ion flux, scaling-cation concentration in the fouled membrane and membrane potential served as indicators for membrane scaling. Locations of scaling domains were dependent on the membrane structure, and lead to different effects on the membrane performance. Scaling in the homogeneous membrane was mainly characterized by surface deposits, resulting in a moderate decrease of the counter-ion flux. On the other hand, the heterogeneous membrane showed a high degree of internal precipitation resulting in a complete clogging of the membrane, thus leading to earlier and more severe decline in counter-ion flux. Significant amounts of calcium were found within the fouled MA-40, supporting the other indications of internal scaling. The potential difference across the ...
https://scholars.bgu.ac.il/display/n1774490
Electrodialysis Heterogeneous Anion Exchange Membranes Filled with TiO2 Nanoparticles: Membranes Fabrication and...Electrodialysis Heterogeneous Anion Exchange Membranes Filled with TiO2 Nanoparticles: Membranes Fabrication and...
In the current research, polyvinylchloride based mixed matrix heterogeneous anion exchange membranes were prepared by a solution casting technique. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles were also utilized as inorganic filler additive in the membrane fabrication. The effect of TiO2 nanoparticles concentration in the casting solution on the membrane physico-chemical properties was studied. Membrane water content was decreased by an increase of nanoparticle concentration. Ion exchange capacity was also improved initially by an increase of nanoparticle content ratio and then slightly decreased. The membrane fixed ionic concentration, membrane potential, transport number and permselectivity were all increased by an increase of additive loading ratio. The membrane ionic permeability was enhanced initially by an increase of nanoparticle concentration up to 0.5 %wt in the membrane matrix and then decreased by more additive content ratio from 0.5 to 4 %wt. Membrane ionic resistance was declined by using TiO2
http://www.msrjournal.com/article_14485.html
Highly conductive mechanically robust high Mw polyfluorene anion exchange membrane for alkaline fuel cell and water...Highly conductive mechanically robust high Mw polyfluorene anion exchange membrane for alkaline fuel cell and water...
New, high molecular weight poly-(fluorene-alt-tetrafluorophenylene) anion exchange membranes were synthesized by a Pd-catalyzed C-H activation method. The synthesized membranes exhibited high OH− conductivity over 100 mS cm−1, and membrane swelling could be suppressed by controlling the side chain length of the pol
https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2020/py/d0py00334d/unauth
Improvement of the antifouling performance and stability of an anion exchange membrane by surface modification with graphene...Improvement of the antifouling performance and stability of an anion exchange membrane by surface modification with graphene...
A novel surface modified anion exchange membrane (AEM) was prepared by electrodeposition of graphene oxide (GO) and polydopamine (PDA) coating, aiming at improving antifouling performance and stability. The AEM was firstly modified by electrodeposition of GO and then immersed into the dopamine solution to form a thin PDA layer. The effects of GO and PDA composite modification were investigated by various analytical techniques and electrodialysis application. The [email protected] AEM ([email protected]) exhibited highly hydrophilic and negatively charged. In addition, the introduction of PDA coating helped to construct a smoother and denser composite modifying layer composed of GO and PDA, and reduced the roughness of membrane surface. Depending on these properties, the [email protected] AEM showed significant antifouling ability without compromising the desalination performance. After being fouled by 150 mg/L sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) for 4 h, the desalination rate of [email protected] increased by ...
https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/6134416
EP 1159295 A1 20011205 - METHOD OF PURIFYING WHEY OF LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION BY ELECTRODIALYSISEP 1159295 A1 20011205 - METHOD OF PURIFYING WHEY OF LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION BY ELECTRODIALYSIS
292993171 - EP 1159295 A1 2001-12-05 - METHOD OF PURIFYING WHEY OF LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION BY ELECTRODIALYSIS - [origin: US6204362B1] In a method of purifying whey separated from lactic acid fermentation liquid by electrodialysis wherein said whey contains angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibiting peptides, the improvement which comprises using an anion exchange membrane having a permeability of diffusion coefficient in the range of 3.0 to 9.0x10-6 cm/sec. An anion exchange membrane having a permeability of diffusion coefficient in the range of 5.0 to 7.0x10-6 cm/sec. is more efficiently used. The product is particularly suited to produce granules and tablets.[origin: US6204362B1] In a method of purifying whey separated from lactic acid fermentation liquid by electrodialysis wherein said whey contains angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibiting peptides, the improvement which comprises using an anion exchange membrane having a permeability of diffusion coefficient in the range of 3.0 to 9.0x10-6 cm/sec. An
https://data.epo.org/gpi/EP1159295A1-METHOD-OF-PURIFYING-WHEY-OF-LACTIC-ACID-FERMENTATION-BY-ELECTRODIALYSIS
AMI-7001 Anion Exchange Membranes | Technical Specifications - Membranes International Inc.AMI-7001 Anion Exchange Membranes | Technical Specifications - Membranes International Inc.
All information described in this bulletin is based upon tests and data believed to be reliable. It is the users responsibility to determine performance and suitability of the products. No guarantee, expressed or implied, is made by Membranes International Inc., nor does Membranes International Inc. assume any liability for patent infringement arising from the use of these products.. ...
https://ionexchangemembranes.com/ami-7001-anion-exchange-membranes-technical-specifications/
Browsing by Subject Anion exchange membraneBrowsing by Subject Anion exchange membrane
The purpose of this study was to develop an economical, safe and environmentally friendly electrochemical process for the conversion and recovery of Fe and H2SO4 from a FeSO4 leaching solution. For this purpose, two basic ...
http://dspace.nwu.ac.za/browse?type=subject&value=Anion+exchange+membrane
Mechanical Characterization of Anion Exchange Membranes by Extensional Rheology under Controlled Hydration - Surrey Research...Mechanical Characterization of Anion Exchange Membranes by Extensional Rheology under Controlled Hydration - Surrey Research...
The Author(s) 2014. Published by ECS. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (CC BY, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse of the work in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. [DOI: 10.1149/2.0971410jes] All rights reserved ...
http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/806592/
2018 | Jordi Moreno | MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology2018 | Jordi Moreno | MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology
In this thesis Reverse Electrodialysis (RED) is central. A RED stack comprises of alternating series of cation exchange membranes (CEMs) and anion exchange membranes (AEMs), with seawater and river water compartments between these membranes.. From the salinity gradient, energy is harvested while controlling the mixing of seawater and river water. Membranes allow selective transport of cations (CEM) and anions (AEM). A voltage difference is created due to the difference in salinity across the membrane. At the electrodes redox reactions are used, to convert ionic transport into electrical transport, to power a device.. We came up with creative strategies to prevent fouling, says Jordi Moreno. The most high-profile idea concerned the concept of breathing cells. We brought this proof of principle - confirmed earlier in lab environments by dr. ir. David Vermaas - a decisive step further. The stack is now automatically operable which is practically relevant.. In the breathing cell concept, instead ...
https://www.utwente.nl/en/mesaplus/research/phd-graduates/2018/20180622-moreno/
Products - fumatech GmbHProducts - fumatech GmbH
Our products fumasep FAB, FKB and FBM are designed and optimized for electrodialysis with bipolar membranes. The EDBM is the combination of conventional electrodialysis for salt separation with electrochemical water splitting for the conversion of a salt into its corresponding acid and base. fumasep FAB is an anion exchange membrane which is developed for very low proton crossover to receive a high concentration of acid. fumasep FKB is a cation exchange membrane optimized for high cation transport in combination with high OH- retention. fumasep FBM is a bipolar membrane, which induce the splitting of water into protons and hydroxide ions. The bipolar membrane fumasep FBM combines high selectivity and efficiency as well as high chemical stability within a broad pH range, excellent mechanical stability and low electrical resistance. It is ideally suited for the production of acid and base from the corresponding salts, as well as for innovative concepts such as biological fuel cells. The patented ...
http://www.fumatech.com/EN/Membranes/Water%2Btreatment/Products%2Bfumasep/index.html
Quaternary Ammonium Functional Polybenzoxazines for Anion Exchange Mem by Austin D. Baranek, Laken L. Kendrick et al.Quaternary Ammonium Functional Polybenzoxazines for Anion Exchange Mem by Austin D. Baranek, Laken L. Kendrick et al.
Baranek, A., Kendrick, L., Narayanan, J., Patton, D. (2013). Quaternary Ammonium Functional Polybenzoxazines for Anion Exchange Membrane (AEM) Applications. Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society, 245 ...
https://aquila.usm.edu/fac_pubs/7892/
Membrane-Chromatography-Reactor-System for the Continuous Synthesis of Galactosyl-OligosaccharidesMembrane-Chromatography-Reactor-System for the Continuous Synthesis of Galactosyl-Oligosaccharides
Galactosyl-oligosaccharides (GOS) are non-digestible oligosaccharides which are qualified as functional foods. GOS are enzymatically synthesized from lactose by transgalactosylation catalyzed by the enzyme β-galactosidase. In this study, a method for immobilization of β-galactosidase from Kluyveromyces lactis on a chromatography membrane was developed. The immobilization was performed at 4, 15 and 40°C. A strong basic anion exchange membrane was investigated. In static experiments the highest enzyme activity was measured at an immobilization procedure temperature of 15°C. The immobilization on the chromatography membranes was found to be very rapid likely due to ionic adsorption. The synthesis of GOS was carried out in a Continuous Membrane Chromatography Reactor System (CMCRS) at 40°C and pH 7.0 using 20 wt% initial lactose concentration. The chromatography membranes proved to be a good support for the continuous process at high convective flow rates in the enzyme reactor system. Up to 82 ...
http://krex.k-state.edu/dspace/handle/2097/3509
Continuous dialysis of mixture of inorganic acidsContinuous dialysis of mixture of inorganic acids
The simultaneous transport of sulphuric and phosphoric acids through a polymeric membrane was investigated at steady state in a two-compartment counter-current dialyzer. For this purpose, an anion exchange membrane Neosepta-AFN (Astom Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) was used. This transport was quantified by four membrane mass transfer coefficients which are dependent upon the concentrations of both acids in the feed. These coefficients were determined by a two-step procedure. In the first step, the basic differential equations describing the dependences of the volumetric liquid flow rates and acid concentrations on the length coordinate in the individual compartments were numerically integrated. In the second step, an objective function was minimised to ensure the best coincidence between the experimental and calculated data ...
https://dk.upce.cz/handle/10195/70331
Phosphorus-leaching from litterfall in wetland catchments of the Swan Coastal Plain, southwestern Australia - Murdoch Research...Phosphorus-leaching from litterfall in wetland catchments of the Swan Coastal Plain, southwestern Australia - Murdoch Research...
hours leached 30±7.5% (95% confidence level) of this Tot-P in litter, measured by anion exchange membrane extraction. This increased to 46.9% of apparent P release at 115 days. The released P was incorporated into microbial biomass during leaching so modifying leachate concentrations. Using liquid chloroform fumigation it was estimated that 36.2 ± 15.6% (95% confidence level) of Tot-P leached during the 115-day inundation was in the microbial biomass pool, not directly measured by AEM extraction. P leaching during initial and prolonged inundation correlated with litter Ca, Mg and total base concentration, but the initial Tot-P concentration of litter was the best predictor for P leaching, in both short-term and prolonged inundation (R2 = 0.80 and 0.93, p , 0.0001). The high P leaching rate during 24 hours suggested that P from litter during first storm events could produce a significant P flux from local catchments and contribute nutrients to downstream wetlands.. ...
http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/5580/
A polytetrafluoroethylene-quaternary 1,4-diazabicyclo-[2.2.2]-octane polysulfone composite membrane for alkaline anion exchange...A polytetrafluoroethylene-quaternary 1,4-diazabicyclo-[2.2.2]-octane polysulfone composite membrane for alkaline anion exchange...
A polytetrafluoroethylene-quaternary 1,4-diazabicyclo-[2.2.2]-octane polysulfone composite membrane for alkaline anion exchange membrane fuel ...
http://eprint.ncl.ac.uk/pub_details2.aspx?pub_id=177123
Preparation of Radiation-grafted Powders for use as Anion Exchange Ion by Simon D. Poynton, Robert C. T. Slade et al.Preparation of Radiation-grafted Powders for use as Anion Exchange Ion by Simon D. Poynton, Robert C. T. Slade et al.
A novel alkaline exchange ionomer (AEI) was prepared from the radiation-grafting of vinylbenzyl chloride (VBC) onto poly(ethylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene) [ETFE] powders with powder particle sizes of less than 100 μm diameter. Quaternisation of the VBC grafted ETFE powders with trimethylamine resulted in AEIs that were chemically the same as the ETFE-based radiation-grafted alkaline anion exchange membranes (AAEM) that had been previously developed for use in low temperature alkaline polymer electrolyte fuel cells (APEFC). The integration of the AEI powders into the catalyst layers (CL) of both electrodes resulted in a H2/O2 fuel cell peak power density of 240 mW cm−2 at 50 °C (compared to 180 mW cm−2 with a benchmark membrane electrode assembly containing identical components apart from the use of a previous generation AEI). This result is promising considering the wholly un-optimised nature of the AEI inclusion into the catalyst layers.
https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/eche_facpub/1050/
Abstract: Imidazolium-Functionalized Polymer Membranes for Fuel Cells and Electrolyzers (232nd ECS Meeting (October 1-5, 2017),...Abstract: Imidazolium-Functionalized Polymer Membranes for Fuel Cells and Electrolyzers (232nd ECS Meeting (October 1-5, 2017),...
Imidazolium-functionalized styrenic copolymers have been widely studied as candidates for use as anion exchange membranes in carbon dioxide and water electrolysis systems. Recent new developments in catalytic electrode materials suggest that electrolyzers based on this technology will be commercially viable. Nevertheless, important aspects of the physicochemical behavior of these membrane materials, especially transformations occurring upon activation in strongly alkaline media, remain incompletely understood. We will discuss results from 1- and 2-D NMR, IR, IEC, and DSC studies of imidazolium-functional styrenic copolymer membrane materials recovered after activation by exposure to 1M KOH solution and reacidification in HCl. The work sheds some new light on such aspects as chemical reactions and polymer crosslinking processes occurring in strong base, although mechanistic questions remain ...
https://ecs.confex.com/ecs/232/webprogram/Paper104148.html
HydroGEN Data HubHydroGEN Data Hub
Water Splitting Technology LTE. Status Awarded. Abstract The DMREF project has generated a wealth of new chemical structures for anion exchange membranes (AEMs), new fundamental materials data on these materials, and computationally-led design motifs for improvements in membrane properties. The Penn State and RPI groups have approximately 200 materials cataloged from their own work and from the literature and are now ready to interface this knowledge with a national repository to build out the community knowledge in this area. HydroGEN is focused on water splitting materials, of which AEMs are a key material, and will have access to novel AEM materials to carry out electrolysis water splitting experiments. HydroGEN also has a national Data Hub that is an ideal repository for storing AEM data, including water splitting results. Additionally, the DMREF team will use NIST and CHiMaD investigators as advisors to the project to ensure that proper protocols and polymer naming schemes are being used to ...
https://datahub.h2awsm.org/project/about/nsf-dmref-psu-lte
Patent US4686120 - Multilayer cation exchange membrane - Google PatentsPatent US4686120 - Multilayer cation exchange membrane - Google Patents
A cation exchange membrane is disclosed comprising fluorinated polymer layers which include, in order, a layer with sulfonic exchange groups, a layer with carboxylic exchange groups, and a thinner layer with carboxylic exchange groups at a greater exchange capacity than the other carboxylic layer.
http://www.google.com/patents/US4686120?dq=7125605
Towards an Efficient Direct Glucose Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell System with Several Electro-Oxidation UnitsTowards an Efficient Direct Glucose Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell System with Several Electro-Oxidation Units
This work covers the direct glucose anion exchange membrane fuel cell (AEMFC) with near-neutralstate electrolyte of 0.1 M [PO4] (tot) having two high-performing anode electrocatalysts (Pt and PtNi) at 37 degrees C and at a glucose concentration of 0.1 M. The cathode catalyst in each test was a Pt supported on carbon (60 wt.%). The PtNi/C had a total metal content of 40 wt.% and the Pt/C 60 wt.%. The operation of the AEMFC was controlled by means of an in-house made electronic load with PI-controller (i.e. a feedback controller, which has proportional and integral action on control error signal). There were two primary objectives with this study. At first, to find out how the electrode modifications of the anode (i.e. by increasing the thicknesses of these electrodes by adding extra carbon) affect the Coulombic efficiency (CE, based on the exchange of two electrons) and the specific energy (SPE, Wh kg(-1)) values of the direct glucose AEMFC. Secondly, investigate how a two-stage fuel cell system ...
http://kth.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:1119718
Test of different anode electrocatalysts for direct glucose anion exchange membrane fuel cellTest of different anode electrocatalysts for direct glucose anion exchange membrane fuel cell
Direct glucose anion exchange membrane fuel cell (AEMFC) with near-neutral-state electrolyte of 0.1 M [PO4] tot was studied with five different anode electrocatalysts (Pt, PtRu, PtNi, Au, PdAu) at a temperature of 37 oC and at a glucose concentration of 0.1 M. The cathode catalyst in each test was Pt supported on carbon (60 wt.%). Four anode electrocatalysts (supported on carbon) had a total metal content of 40 wt.% while the fifth anode material of PtRu had a higher content of 60 wt.%. Moreover, in order to show the influence of the metallic content on the fuel cell performance, anode catalysts with 60 wt.% (Pt) and 10wt.% (PtNi) were tested. The operation of the AEMFC was controlled by means of an in-house-made electronic load with PI-controller (i.e. a feedback controller that has proportional and integral action on control error signal) either at constant current (CC) or at constant voltage (CV). The primary objective was to characterize the Coulombic efficiency (CE) based on the exchange of ...
https://aaltodoc.aalto.fi/handle/123456789/25628?show=full
Polymer and Small Molecule Designs for Anion Conducting Membranes: Con by SEDEF P. ERTEMPolymer and Small Molecule Designs for Anion Conducting Membranes: Con by SEDEF P. ERTEM
Fuel cells are one of the oldest sustainable energy generation devices, converting chemical energy into electrical energy via reverse-electrolysis reactions. With the rapid development of polymer science, solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) membranes replaced the conventional liquid ion transport media, rendering low-temperature fuel cells more accessible for applications in portable electronics and transportation. However, SPE fuel cells are still far from commercialization due to high operation cost, and insufficient lifetime and performance limitations. Anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) are inexpensive alternatives to current proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) technology, which relies on utilizing expensive noble-metal catalysts and perfluorinated SPE materials. Unlike PEMFCs, there is not an ideal AEM material that provides efficient ion transport, while being mechanically robust and chemically stable under strong alkaline conditions. The objectives of this dissertation are to
https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations_2/739/
DGIST Scholar: Preparation and characterization of palladium-nickel on graphene oxide support as anode catalyst for alkaline...DGIST Scholar: Preparation and characterization of palladium-nickel on graphene oxide support as anode catalyst for alkaline...
A catalyst consisting of palladium - nickel supported on exfoliated graphene oxide (PdNi/EGO) composite was synthesized. The catalytic activity was tested for ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) in half-cell using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and subsequently it was used as an anode material in a direct ethanol fuel cell (DEFC). Transmission Electron Microscopy showed the catalyst particles are uniformly dispersed on the surface of graphene oxide with the particle size ranging from 3 to 6 nm. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy analysis of catalysts revealed that the surface consisting of mostly Pd, PdO, Ni(OH)2, and NiOOH. CV and chronoamperometry measurements demonstrated higher electrocatalytic activity and stability for PdNi/EGO in the alkaline medium than the unsupported PdNi and carbon black-supported PdNi (PdNi/C) catalysts. A single cell anion exchange membrane DEFC constructed with a PdNi/EGO anode catalyst showed a maximum power density of 16.6 m Wcm−2 at 50 °C, which is higher than the ...
http://scholar.dgist.ac.kr/handle/20.500.11750/2041
Electrolytic extraction drives volatile fatty acid chain elongation through lactic acid and replaces chemical pH control in...Electrolytic extraction drives volatile fatty acid chain elongation through lactic acid and replaces chemical pH control in...
Volatile fatty acids (VFA) are building blocks for the chemical industry. Sustainable, biological production is constrained by production and recovery costs, including the need for intensive pH correction. Membrane electrolysis has been developed as an in situ extraction technology tailored to the direct recovery of VFA from fermentation while stabilizing acidogenesis without caustic addition. A current applied across an anion exchange membrane reduces the fermentation broth (catholyte, water reduction: H2O + e− → ½ H2 + OH−) and drives carboxylate ions into a clean, concentrated VFA stream (anolyte, water oxidation: H2O → 2e− + 2 H+ + O2). In this study, we fermented thin stillage to generate a mixed VFA extract without chemical pH control. Membrane electrolysis (0.1 A, 3.22 ± 0.60 V) extracted 28 ± 6 % of carboxylates generated per day (on a carbon basis) and completely replaced caustic control of pH, with no impact on the total carboxylate production amount or rate. Hydrogen generated
https://biotechnologyforbiofuels.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13068-015-0396-7
Electrochemical evaluation of new materials in polymer electrolyte fuel cells | KTHElectrochemical evaluation of new materials in polymer electrolyte fuel cells | KTH
Polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFC) convert the chemical energy in hydrogen to electrical energy and heat, with the only exhaust being water. Fuel cells are considered key in achieving a sustainable energy sector. The main obstacles to wide scale commercialization are cost and durability. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate new materials for PEFC to potentially lower cost and increase durability. To lower the amount of expensive platinum catalyst in the fuel cell, the activities of Pt-rare earth metal (REM) alloy catalysts have been tested. To improve the lifetime of the carbon support, the carbon corrosion properties of multi walled carbon nanotubes have been evaluated. To reduce the overall cost of fuel cell stacks, carbon coated and metal coated bipolar plates have been tested. To increase the performance and lifetime of anion exchange membranes, the water transport has been studied.. The results show that the Pt-REM catalysts had at least two times higher specific activity than pure ...
https://intra.kth.se/en/aktuellt/kalender/electrochemical-evaluation-of-new-materials-in-polymer-electrolyte-fuel-cells-1.929364?date=2019-11-05&orgdate=2019-09-01&length=1&orglength=122
Electrochemical properties of alternative polymer electrolytes in fuel cells | CBH internal pagesElectrochemical properties of alternative polymer electrolytes in fuel cells | CBH internal pages
Fuel cells, using hydrogen as energy carrier, allow chemically‑stored energy to be utilized for many applications, including balancing the electrical grid and the propulsion of vehicles. To make the fuel cell technology more accessible and promote a sustainable energy society, this thesis focuses on alternative polymer electrolytes, as they can potentially lead to a lower cost and a more environmentally‑friendly fuel cell. The main subject is anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs), for which the importance of gas diffusion electrode morphology and platinum electrode reactions are investigated. Properties of the membrane such as water flux during operation are evaluated. Furthermore, novel polymer electrolytes are studied: variations of poly(phenylene oxide)‑based membranes in AEMFCs; and cellulose‑based membranes in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC).. The AEMFC results show that the performance is dependent on the electrode morphology. Electrochemical experiments in a ...
https://intra.kth.se/en/cbh/nyheter-och-handelser/cbh-kalender/disputationer/electrochemical-properties-of-alternative-polymer-electrolytes-in-fuel-cells-1.935990?date=2019-11-29&orgdate=2019-07-01&length=1&orglength=184
Emerging Porous Solid Electrolytes for Hydroxide Ion Transport<...Emerging Porous Solid Electrolytes for Hydroxide Ion Transport<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Emerging Porous Solid Electrolytes for Hydroxide Ion Transport. AU - Kang, Dong Won. AU - Kang, Minjung. AU - Yun, Hongryeol. AU - Park, Hyein. AU - Hong, Chang Seop. N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH. PY - 2021/5/10. Y1 - 2021/5/10. N2 - Anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) offer several advantages over proton exchange membrane fuel cells, such as the use of a non-precious metal catalyst, but these cells suffer from various issues related to OH--conducting electrolytes, including low conductivity and the formation of K2CO3 salt. These issues need to be resolved for the widespread use of AEMFCs. Recently, many studies have focused on developing excellent ion-conductive electrolytes using porous materials based on metal-organic and covalent organic frameworks. However, most of this research is biased toward proton-conducting electrolytes; to the best of the authors knowledge, reviews addressing OH--conducting electrolytes using porous materials have not been ...
https://koreauniv.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/emerging-porous-solid-electrolytes-for-hydroxide-ion-transport
Optimal design of baffles locations with interdigitated flow channels of a centimeter-scale proton exchange membrane fuel cell<...Optimal design of baffles locations with interdigitated flow channels of a centimeter-scale proton exchange membrane fuel cell<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Optimal design of baffles locations with interdigitated flow channels of a centimeter-scale proton exchange membrane fuel cell. AU - Jang, Jiin Yuh. AU - Cheng, Chin Hsiang. AU - Huang, Yu Xian. PY - 2010/1/1. Y1 - 2010/1/1. N2 - In the present study, the simplified conjugate-gradient method (SCGM) is combined with commercial CFD code to build an optimizer for designing the baffles locations with interdigitated channels of a centimeter-scale proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). Using the optimizer, the locations of the baffles are adjusted toward the maximization of the average current density of the flow field. The approach is developed by using the commercial CFD code as the direct problem solver, which is able to provide the numerical solutions for the three-dimensional mass, momentum and species transport equations as well as to predict the electron conduction and proton migration taking place in a PEMFC. Results show that the optimal design process of the locations of ...
https://researchoutput.ncku.edu.tw/zh/publications/optimal-design-of-baffles-locations-with-interdigitated-flow-chan
STUDY OF SPEEK-BASED PROTON EXCHANGE MEMBRANES FOR FUEL CELL APPLICATIONS.POMPES PAR TRANSITIONS MUL... - کتابخانه دیجیتال...STUDY OF SPEEK-BASED PROTON EXCHANGE MEMBRANES FOR FUEL CELL APPLICATIONS.POMPES PAR TRANSITIONS MUL... - کتابخانه دیجیتال...
STUDY OF SPEEK-BASED PROTON EXCHANGE MEMBRANES FOR FUEL CELL APPLICATIONS.POMPES PAR TRANSITIONS MULTIPLES , STUDY OF SPEEK-BASED PROTON EXCHANGE MEMBRANES FOR FUEL CELL APPLICATIONS.POMPES PAR TRANSITIONS MUL... , کتابخانه دیجیتال دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی خوراسگان
http://lib.khuisf.ac.ir/site/catalogue/153400
dblp: Pore-scale modeling of fluid flow through gas diffusion and catalyst layers for high temperature proton exchange membrane...dblp: Pore-scale modeling of fluid flow through gas diffusion and catalyst layers for high temperature proton exchange membrane...
Bibliographic details on Pore-scale modeling of fluid flow through gas diffusion and catalyst layers for high temperature proton exchange membrane (HT-PEM) fuel cells.
https://dblp1.uni-trier.de/rec/journals/cma/SalomovCA14.html
Development of Porous Electrode Gas Diffusion Layers for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells | Journal of Electrochemical...Development of Porous Electrode Gas Diffusion Layers for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells | Journal of Electrochemical...
The aim of this work was to develop a porous film structure for an electrode gas diffusion layer (GDL) used for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). This film was made from a matrix composed of two immiscible polymers filled with a mixture of electrically conductive materials fabricated via a twin-screw extrusion process followed by selective extraction of one of the two polymers. The matrix consisted of low-viscosity polypropylene and polystyrene (PS) and the conductive additives were composed of high specific surface area carbon black and synthetic flake graphite. The conductive blends were first compounded in a corotating twin-screw extruder and subsequently extruded through a flexible film die to obtain a GDL film of around ...
https://asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/electrochemical/article-abstract/5/3/031008/426908/Development-of-Porous-Electrode-Gas-Diffusion?redirectedFrom=fulltext
Joint Particle Filters Prognostics for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Power Prediction at Constant Current Solicitation -...Joint Particle Filters Prognostics for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Power Prediction at Constant Current Solicitation -...
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) are promising energy converters, but still suffer from a short life duration. Applying Prognostics and Health M
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7174573/?reload=true
DOE funds research into phosphonium-based hydroxide exchange membranes for fuel cells - Renewable Energy FocusDOE funds research into phosphonium-based hydroxide exchange membranes for fuel cells - Renewable Energy Focus
A professor at the University of California, Riverside has won a grant to study quaternary phosphonium-based hydroxide exchange membranes for use in next-generation fuel cells. The award is from the Department of Energys newly formed Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E), which funds transformative energy research projects.
http://www.renewableenergyfocus.com/view/5518/doe-funds-research-into-phosphonium-based-hydroxide-exchange-membranes-for-fuel-cells/
Fault tolerant control of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell using Takagi-Sugeno virtual actuatorsFault tolerant control of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell using Takagi-Sugeno virtual actuators
In this paper, a fault tolerant control (FTC) strategy for proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells based on the use of virtual actuators and the Takagi- Sugeno (TS) approach is proposed. The overall solution relies on adding a virtual actuator in the control loop to hide the fault from the controller point of view, allowing it to see the same plant as before the fault, such that the stability and some desired performances are preserved. The proposed methodology is based on the use of a reference model, where the resulting nonlinear error model is brought to a Takagi-Sugeno form using a gridding approach. The TS model is suitable for designing a controller using linear matrix inequalities (LMI)-based techniques, such that the resulting closed-loop error system is stable with poles placed in some desired region of the complex plane. Simulation results are used to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach ...
http://upcommons.upc.edu/handle/2117/90060
One-step synthesized HPW/meso-silica inorganic proton exchange membranes for fuel cellsOne-step synthesized HPW/meso-silica inorganic proton exchange membranes for fuel cells
Tang, H. and Pan, M. and Lu, S. and Lu, J. and Jiang, S.P. 2010. One-step synthesized HPW/meso-silica inorganic proton exchange membranes for fuel cells. Chemical Communications. 46: pp. 4351-4353 ...
https://espace.curtin.edu.au/handle/20.500.11937/35107
Nanosegregated bimetallic oxide anode catalyst for proton exchange membrane electrolyzer - Energy Innovation PortalNanosegregated bimetallic oxide anode catalyst for proton exchange membrane electrolyzer - Energy Innovation Portal
A surface segregated bimetallic composition of the formula Ru.sub.1-xIr.sub.x wherein 0.1.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.0.75, wherein a surface of the material has an Ir concentration that is greater than an Ir concentration of the material as a whole is provided. The surface segregated material may be produced by a method including heating a bimetallic composition of the formula Ru.sub.1-xIr.sub.x, wherein 0.1.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.0.75, at a first temperature in a reducing environment, and heating the composition at a second temperature in an oxidizing environment. The surface segregated material may be utilized in electrochemical devices.
http://techportal.eere.energy.gov/patent.do/ID=32715
ION EXCHANGE MEMBRANE FUEL CELL MODULE (MANPACK FUEL CELL SYSTEM).ION EXCHANGE MEMBRANE FUEL CELL MODULE (MANPACK FUEL CELL SYSTEM).
A detailed study of the D (a divinyl kenzene polymer substituted with sulfonic acid) and R (D membrane where a teflon polymer is substituted for the divinylbenzene) type ion exchange membranes for manpack fuel cells is presented. The critical current-voltage characteristics of both R and D type of ion exchange membrane electrolyte systems are examined for their capability of meeting the requirements for Army field use. Evaluation of the experimental results shows two main causes for fuel cell break down: (1) the presence of tetra hydrofuran in the fuel causing poisoning of the anode catalyst and eventual cell decay, and (2) ion exchange membrane dry-out due to low current loading and extended periods on open circuit voltage. (Author)(*FUEL CELLS
http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=AD0697790
ALIGNMENT STRUCTURE FOR A PROTON EXCHANGE MEMBRANE FUEL CELL - Wang, Chien-langALIGNMENT STRUCTURE FOR A PROTON EXCHANGE MEMBRANE FUEL CELL - Wang, Chien-lang
An alignment structure for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell is disclosed, which is used to accurately position a proton exchange membrane fuel cell onto a fuel cell manufacturing tool. The proton
https://www.freepatentsonline.com/y2007/0048582.html
Patent US4597913 - Intermediates for fluorinated cation exchange membrane - Google PatentsPatent US4597913 - Intermediates for fluorinated cation exchange membrane - Google Patents
A novel fluorinated cation exchange membrane containing carboxylic acid groups and sulfonic acid groups, both in the form of a specific pendant structure, the carboxylic acid groups being at least 20% on one surface of the membrane and gradually decreasing toward the innerside of the membrane, which membrane is useful in electrolysis of an aqueous alkali metal halide solution with advantageously stable performance for a long term under more severe operational conditions than those conventionally used. The membrane can be prepared from a novel copolymer of a fluorinated olefin with a novel sulfur containing fluorinated vinylether of the formula: ##STR1## wherein k is 0 or 1, l is an integer of 3 to 5, Z is --S-- or --SO2 -- and R is C1 -C10 alkyl, an aryl, C1 -C10 perfluoroalkyl.
http://www.google.com/patents/US4597913
Numerical Simulation of Droplet Emergence and Growth From Gas Diffusion Layers (GDLs) in Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel...Numerical Simulation of Droplet Emergence and Growth From Gas Diffusion Layers (GDLs) in Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel...
Liquid water management is critical for Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cell operation, as excessive humidity can lead to flooding and cell performance degradation. Water is produced in the cathode catalyst layer during the electrochemical reaction. If reactant gas streams become saturated, liquid water forms and must travel through anode and cathode Gas Diffusion Layers (GDLs) to reach flow channels for removal. Understanding the dynamic behavior of the droplet is critical to improve water removal strategies for PEM fuel cells. In this study a 3D, transient, two-phase model based on the Volume of Fluid (VOF) method was developed to study a single droplet in the gas channel. The formation, growth, and breakup of the droplet is tracked numerically and analyzed. The pressure drop across the droplet is monitored over time and compared with theoretical analysis. The droplet size and shape change over time for two different pore sizes are compared. The impact of various gases including air, ...
https://asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/IMECE/proceedings-abstract/IMECE2018/52071/V06AT08A065/273728
proton exchange membrane fuel cellsproton exchange membrane fuel cells
The Report Global PEMFC (Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells) Market 2015-2019 provides information on pricing, market analysis, shares, forecast, and company profiles for key industry participants. - MarketResearchReports.biz About PEMFC PEMFC are devices that generate electricity through an electrochemical process involving oxidation of electrolytes placed between the anode and the cathode. Fuel cells are generally categorized based on the type of electrolyte used. PEMFC use an acidic water-based polymer membrane with platinum-based electrodes. It operates at low temperatures and caters effectively to dynamic power requirements. The chemical source of PEMFC,…. Read More ...
http://www.hydrogenfuelnews.com/tag/proton-exchange-membrane-fuel-cells/
Comment on Global PEMFC (Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells) Market to grow at a CAGR of 26.67 in terms of unit shipment and...Comment on Global PEMFC (Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells) Market to grow at a CAGR of 26.67 in terms of unit shipment and...
The Report Global PEMFC (Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells) Market 2015-2019 provides information on pricing, market analysis, shares, forecast, and company profiles for key industry participants. - MarketResearchReports.biz. About PEMFC. PEMFC are devices that generate electricity through an electrochemical process involving oxidation of electrolytes placed between the anode and the cathode. Fuel cells are generally categorized based on the type of electrolyte used. PEMFC use an acidic water-based polymer membrane with platinum-based electrodes. It operates at low temperatures and caters effectively to dynamic power requirements. The chemical source of PEMFC, which is hydrogen, needs to be extremely pure because of its operating temperature and use of precious metal-based electrodes. PEMFC is a fuel-cell technology that is used extensively in light duty and material handling vehicles.. View Full Report at http://www.marketresearchreports.biz/analysis/280607. Technavios analysts forecast the ...
https://www.hydrogenfuelnews.com/global-pemfc-proton-exchange-membrane-fuel-cells-market-to-grow-at-a-cagr-of-26-67-in-terms-of-unit-shipment-and-at-19-74-percent-in-terms-of-mw-shipment-over-the-period-2015-2019/8523446/
CO removal from a hydrogen-rich fuel gas for proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell use = CO-Entfernung aus einem...CO removal from a hydrogen-rich fuel gas for proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell use = CO-Entfernung aus einem...
CO removal from a hydrogen-rich fuel gas for proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell use = CO-Entfernung aus einem wasserstoffreichen Brenngas für eine PEM- ...
https://publikationen.bibliothek.kit.edu/1000050205
A systematic study on the use of short circuiting for the improvement of proton exchange membrane fuel cell performance -...A systematic study on the use of short circuiting for the improvement of proton exchange membrane fuel cell performance -...
Proton exchange membrane fuel cells suffer from reversible performance loss during operation caused by the oxidation of the Pt catalyst which in turn reduces the electrochemically active surface area. Many fuel cell manufacturers recommend using short circuiting during the operation of the fuel cell to improve the performance of the cells over time. However, there is lack of understanding on how it improves the performance as well as on how to optimise the short circuiting strategy for different fuel cell systems. We present a simple procedure to develop an optimised short circuiting strategy by maximising the cumulative average power density gain and minimising the time required to recover the energy loss during short circuiting. We obtained average voltage improvement from 10 to 12% at different current densities for a commercial H-100 system and our short circuiting strategy showed ∼2% voltage improvement in comparison to a commercial strategy. We also demonstrated that the minimum short ...
https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/146441/
Desalination of produced water with electrodialysis : ion exchange membrane fouling, system performance, and fate of organic...Desalination of produced water with electrodialysis : ion exchange membrane fouling, system performance, and fate of organic...
Treatment of oil and gas (O&G) wastewater is a growing practice that increases water resources available for beneficial reuse. Electrodialysis (ED) is an established desalination process with the potential to remove ions from saline produced water (PW), a byproduct of O&G production. However, the current ED literature lacks studies that investigate the fate of organic contaminants during ED treatment using real PW. This work examines ion exchange membrane (IEM) fouling, system performance, and the transport of organic constituents through IEMs during ED treatment of real PW. A bench-scale ED ...
https://dspace.library.colostate.edu/handle/11124/171018
Spiral Wrapped Cylindrical Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells and Methods of Making Same | Southwest Research InstituteSpiral Wrapped Cylindrical Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells and Methods of Making Same | Southwest Research Institute
A pre-spiral bundle for making a spiral wrapped cylindrical fuel cell and cylindrical fuel cells made using the pre-spiral bundle. The pre-spiral bundle comprises a sleeve defining a hydrogen flowpath. The sleeve comprises a proton exchange membrane encapsulating a substantially planar anode in ionic communication with a catalytically effective amount of a noble metal
https://www.swri.org/patents/spiral-wrapped-cylindrical-proton-exchange-membrane-fuel-cells-methods-of-making-same
Innovative model-based control approach of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell systemInnovative model-based control approach of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell system
This work highlights the gains of an innovative model-based control approach applied to a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system, included in a stand-alone hybrid generator. This approach proposes a multivariable setpoint tracking of the PEMFC output power and temperature. The freshness of this approach is based on the combination of a nonlinear model-based predictive control strategy (NMPC) and a global linearizing control (GLC) algorithm. The performance of the proposed control strategy is confirmed thanks to simulations of varying control scenarios. Results show good performance in setpoint tracking, disturbances rejection and robustness against plant/model mismatch in presence of noisy signals. Moreover, for similar setpoint point tracking accuracy, the proposed control strategy appears to be four times faster than a classical multivariable NMPC strategy. According to real-time application objectives, this control strategy appears as a promising option to be implanted in the overall
http://hal.univ-reunion.fr/hal-01202280
Improvement of the thermochemical water splitting IS process by an electrochemical cell using a cation exchange membrane<...Improvement of the thermochemical water splitting IS process by an electrochemical cell using a cation exchange membrane<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Improvement of the thermochemical water splitting IS process by an electrochemical cell using a cation exchange membrane. AU - Nomura, Mikihiro. AU - Okuda, Hiroyuki. AU - Kasahara, Seiji. AU - Kubo, Shinji. AU - Onuki, Kaoru. AU - Nakao, Shin-ichi. PY - 2004/6/27. Y1 - 2004/6/27. M3 - Article. JO - Proceedings of 15th World Hydrogen Energy Conference. JF - Proceedings of 15th World Hydrogen Energy Conference. ER - ...
https://shibaura.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/improvement-of-the-thermochemical-water-splitting-is-process-by-a
Cummins Hydrogen Technology Powers the Largest Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Electrolyzer in Operation in the World | BarronsCummins Hydrogen Technology Powers the Largest Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Electrolyzer in Operation in the World | Barrons
Creating hydrogen technologies at scale is paramount to growing low-carbon solutions, said Amy Davis, Cummins Vice President and President of New Power, the companys alternative power business. We have successfully developed our technology from 1MW to 5MW, and now have the largest PEM electrolyzer in operation in the world. It will continue to take enterprises, governments, forward-thinking customers and utilities all working together to make alternative power a reality. Here we are seeing how green hydrogen can improve sustainability for industrial manufacturing and how the demand for decarbonized hydrogen solutions will grow. The HyLYZER(R) PEM electrolyzer technology is the result of more than 20 years of development by Hydrogenics, a Canadian company that was acquired by Cummins in September of 2019. This installation in Quebec features four compact pressurized electrolyzer skids that were fitted inside an existing building. This is a modular and scalable electrolyzer platform designed ...
https://www.barrons.com/press-release/cummins-hydrogen-technology-powers-the-largest-proton-exchange-membrane-pem-electrolyzer-in-operation-in-the-world-01611662801?tesla=y&tesla=y
ELY | LEC | Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI)ELY | LEC | Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI)
The PEM (Proton Exchange Membrane) water electrolysers produce high purity hydrogen by electrochemical water splitting. The Major advantage of this technology is its dynamics, safety and simplicity of the whole pilot plant. The Anode where water is being split and cathode where hydrogen is evolved are isolated from each other by solid electrolyte what enables PEMWE (Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysers) to electrochemically pressurize the gas up to 300bar.
https://www.psi.ch/en/lec/projects/water-management-of-electrolyser-systems
Didecyldimethylammonium chlorideDidecyldimethylammonium chloride
... dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (ADBAC),. These studies contradict the older toxicology data set on quaternary ammonia ... compounds which was reviewed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) and the EU Commission. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Didecyldimethylammonium_chloride
Quaternary ammonium cationQuaternary ammonium cation
Quaternary ammonium compounds have also been shown to have antimicrobial activity. Certain quaternary ammonium compounds, ... The quat ingredients in the disinfectants include alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (ADBAC) and didecyl dimethyl ammonium ... Quaternary ammonium compounds are prepared by the alkylation of tertiary amines with a halocarbon. In older literature this is ... Quaternary ammonium compounds are cationic detergents, as well as disinfectants, and as such can be used to remove organic ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quaternary_ammonium_cation
Alkaline copper quaternaryAlkaline copper quaternary
... or aryl-substituted compounds ("quats"). Thus the product was originally called ammoniacal copper/quaternary ammonium. The ... red.pdf Reregistration Eligibility Decision for Alkyl Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Chloride (ADBAC)]". Report EPA739-R-06-009, US ... the water-soluble copper and the quaternary ammonium cations are immobilized by the formation of stable insoluble compounds ... of fastener materials corrosion in contact with timbers treated with copper azole and alkaline copper quaternary compounds". ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaline_copper_quaternary
BenzylamineBenzylamine
The cation in this salt is called benzylammonium and is a moiety found in pharmaceuticals such as the anthelmintic agent ... Isoquinolines are a class of compounds (benzopyridines) which are used in medical contexts (such as the anesthetic ... Benzylamine is an organic chemical compound with the condensed structural formula C6H5CH2NH2 (sometimes abbreviated as PhCH2NH2 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzylamine
LysolLysol
Earlier formulations of Lysol contained cresol, a compound that can induce abortions, and it was widely used by women who could ... Products include: Lysol Disinfectant Spray*: "Alkyl (50% C14, 40% C12, 10% C16) Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Saccharinate= 0.10% ... August 2006). Reregistration Eligibility Decision for Alkyl Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Chloride (ADBAC) (PDF) (Report). U.S. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lysol
Median lethal doseMedian lethal dose
August 2006). Reregistration Eligibility Decision for Alkyl Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Chloride (ADBAC) (PDF) (Report). U.S. ... "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/maitotoxin". External link in ,title= (help); Missing or empty ,url= (help) Topic 2 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Median_lethal_dose
IvermectinIvermectin
The discovery of the avermectin family of compounds, from which ivermectin is chemically derived, was made by Satoshi Ōmura of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivermectin
Benzylammonium Compounds | Harvard Catalyst Profiles | Harvard CatalystBenzylammonium Compounds | Harvard Catalyst Profiles | Harvard Catalyst
"Benzylammonium Compounds" by people in Harvard Catalyst Profiles by year, and whether "Benzylammonium Compounds" was a major or ... "Benzylammonium Compounds" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical ... Below are the most recent publications written about "Benzylammonium Compounds" by people in Profiles. ... Below are MeSH descriptors whose meaning is more general than "Benzylammonium Compounds". ...
https://connects.catalyst.harvard.edu/Profiles/display/Concept/Benzylammonium%20Compounds
Alkyl Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Chloride for sale, Analytical Reagent products from 17086658Alkyl Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Chloride for sale, Analytical Reagent products from 17086658
Alkyl Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Chloride [2] * Analytical Reagent [1] * Non Ferrous Metal separator [5] ... Rare Refractory Metals Compounds Ammonium niobium oxalate. Contact Supplier. Rare Refractory Metals Compounds Aluminum lithium ...
http://www.infospaceinc.com/product/list-z17d1d96-jinan_vican_chemicals_co_ltd.html
China JiNan Vican Chemicals Co.,ltd logoChina JiNan Vican Chemicals Co.,ltd logo
Alkyl Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Chloride, Analytical Reagent and Non Ferrous Metal separator. Rare Refractory Metals Compounds ...
http://www.chinacomputerparts.com/suppliers/jinan_vican_chemicals_co_ltd-hz100a038.html
TB Disinfectant Cleaner, Lemon Scent, Liquid, 32 oz Bottle, 12/CartonTB Disinfectant Cleaner, Lemon Scent, Liquid, 32 oz Bottle, 12/Carton
Chemical Compound: Diethylene Glycol Butyl Ether; N-Alkyl Dimenthyl Benzyl Ammonium Chloride; N-Alkyl Dimethyl Ethylbenzyl ... Chemical Compound: Diethylene Glycol Butyl Ether; N-Alkyl Dimenthyl Benzyl Ammonium Chloride; N-Alkyl Dimethyl Ethylbenzyl ...
https://www.superwarehouse.com/TB_Disinfectant_Cleaner,_Lemon_Scent,_Liquid,_32_oz_Bottle,_12_Carton/04743./p/2212664
Environmental Cleaning Supplies and Equipment | Environmental Cleaning in RLS | HAI | CDCEnvironmental Cleaning Supplies and Equipment | Environmental Cleaning in RLS | HAI | CDC
Quaternary ammonium compounds such as:. *alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride. *alkyl dimethyl ethylbenzyl ammonium chloride ...
https://www.cdc.gov/hai/prevent/resource-limited/supplies-equipment.html
Chemical Database: Alkyl (C12016) Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Chloride (EnvironmentalChemistry.com)Chemical Database: Alkyl (C12016) Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Chloride (EnvironmentalChemistry.com)
Quaternary ammonium compounds, benzyl-C12-16-alkyldimethyl, chlorides*Quaternary ammonium compounds, benzyl-C12-C16- ... Alkyl (C12016) Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Chloride. Identifications. *CAS Number: 68424-85-1*Synonyms/Related:*Alkyl (C12016) ... Some chemicals listed in this database or not pure chemical compounds, rather they are mixtures/solutions of chemicals. It is ... Chemical Database - Alkyl (C12016) Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Chloride. EnvironmentalChemistry.com. 1995 - 2019. Accessed on-line ...
https://environmentalchemistry.com/yogi/chemicals/cn/Alkyl%A0%28C12016%29%A0Dimethyl%A0Benzyl%A0Ammonium%A0Chloride.html
Alkyl* dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride *(50%C12, 30%C14, 17%C16, 3%C18) - toxicity, ecological toxicity and regulatory...Alkyl* dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride *(50%C12, 30%C14, 17%C16, 3%C18) - toxicity, ecological toxicity and regulatory...
... dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride , Paralkan , Parasterol , Quaternary ammonium compounds, alkylbenzyldimethyl, chlorides , ... N-Alkyl* dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride *(57%C12, 18%C14, 8%C16, 6%C10-C18, 5%C8). View. View. View. Microbiocide. No. Not ... Quaternary ammonium compounds. View. View. View. Microbiocide. No. Not Listed. 68953-58-2. Related. 2. Quaternium-18 bentonite ... Tetradecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride. View. View. View. Algaecide, Microbiocide. Yes. Yes. Related. 2. Tetradecyl ...
http://www.pesticideinfo.org/Detail_Chemical.jsp?Rec_Id=PC37017
EWGs Guide to Healthy Cleaning | LYSOL Antibacterial Kitchen Cleaner, Citrus Cleaner RatingEWG's Guide to Healthy Cleaning | LYSOL Antibacterial Kitchen Cleaner, Citrus Cleaner Rating
Alkyl Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Compounds. Benzalkonium chlorides. Alkyl Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Chlorides ... What appears on the label: Active Ingredients: Alkyl (50% C14, 40% C12, 10% C16) dimethyl benzyl ammonium chlorides...0.0216%, ... Alkyl (67% C12, 25% C14, 7% C16, 1% C-8-C10-C18) dimethyl benzyl ammonium chlorides...0.0860%; Other Ingredients...99.8924%; ...
http://www.ewg.org/guides/cleaners/2620-LYSOLAntibacterialKitchenCleanerCitrus
Disinfectant Spray, Early Morning Breeze, 12.5 oz, AerosolDisinfectant Spray, Early Morning Breeze, 12.5 oz, Aerosol
Chemical Compound: Ethanol; Alkyl (50% C14, 40% C12, 10% C16) Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Saccharinate; Dirt Types: Bacteria; ... Chemical Compound: Ethanol; Alkyl (50% C14, 40% C12, 10% C16) Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Saccharinate; Dirt Types: Bacteria; ...
https://www.superwarehouse.com/Disinfectant_Spray,_Early_Morning_Breeze,_12.5_oz,_Aerosol/19200-80833/p/1809393
Chemical Summary for Alkyl* dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride *(67%C12, 25%C14, 7%C16, 1%C18)Chemical Summary for Alkyl* dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride *(67%C12, 25%C14, 7%C16, 1%C18)
... from www.PesticideInfo.org. ... Quaternary Ammonium Compound Use Type. Algaecide, Microbiocide Other Names for this Chemical. ... Identification and Use of Alkyl* dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride *(67%C12, 25%C14, 7%C16, 1%C18). ... Additional Information for Alkyl* dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride *(67%C12, 25%C14, 7%C16, 1%C18). ...
http://www.pesticideinfo.org/Summary_Chemical.jsp?Rec_Id=PC37040
CFR - Code of Federal Regulations Title 21CFR - Code of Federal Regulations Title 21
a) The additive contains the following compounds: n- dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (CAS Reg. No. 139-07-1); n- ... 27479-28-3); n- hexadecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (CAS Reg. No. 122-18-9); n- octadecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium ... 1) Alone, in the following foods at not to exceed the levels prescribed, calculated as the anhydrous compound: Food Limitation ... 122-19-0); n- tetradecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (CAS Reg. No. 139-08-2); n- tetradecyl dimethyl ethylbenzyl ammonium ...
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=172&showFR=1&subpartNode=21:3.0.1.1.3.2
Patente US5922082 - Detergent composition containing wool compatible high alkaline proteases - Google PatentesPatente US5922082 - Detergent composition containing wool compatible high alkaline proteases - Google Patentes
choline esters (compounds of formula (i) wherein R1 is ##STR6## alkyl and R2 R3 R4 are methyl). di-alkyl imidazolines compounds ... lauryl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride or bromide;. lauryl dimethyl (ethenoxy)4 ammonium chloride or bromide; ... break down a compound into two or more smaller compounds with the uptake of the H and OH parts of a water molecule on either ... To prepare these compounds, the alcohol or alkylpolyethoxy alcohol is formed first and then reacted with glucose, or a source ...
http://www.google.es/patents/US5922082?dq=flatulence
Arylalkylamine Vanadium (V) Salts for the Treatment and/or Prevention of Diabetes Mellitus - GENMEDICA THERAPEUTICS SLArylalkylamine Vanadium (V) Salts for the Treatment and/or Prevention of Diabetes Mellitus - GENMEDICA THERAPEUTICS SL
This invention provides compounds and pharmaceutical compositions thereof for treating human type 1 and type 2 diabetes, ... The compound according to claim 1, that is hexaquis(benzylammonium) decavanadate (V) dihydrate. 33. (canceled) 34. The compound ... compound A), 3-phenyl-propylamine (compound B), 4-fluoro-benzylamine (compound C) and 4-phenyl-butylamine (compound D). 2-DG ... The compound according to claim 1, that is pentaquis(benzylammonium) decavanadate (V). 18. (canceled) 19. The compound ...
https://www.freepatentsonline.com/y2008/0227809.html
Reckitt Benckiser Lysol Disinfectant Spray | Early Morning Breeze, 12.5oz Aerosol, 12/Carton | REC80833 | ReStockIt.comReckitt Benckiser Lysol Disinfectant Spray | Early Morning Breeze, 12.5oz Aerosol, 12/Carton | REC80833 | ReStockIt.com
Chemical Compound. Ethanol; Alkyl (50% C14, 40% C12, 10% C16) Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Saccharinate ... Complies with the VOC (Volatile Organic Compound) limits, including California; Fully registered with the Federal EPA and each ...
https://www.restockit.com/lysol-disinfectant-spray-num-rec80833
eCFR :: 40 CFR 180.940 -- Tolerance exemptions for active and inert ingredients for use in antimicrobial formulations...eCFR :: 40 CFR 180.940 -- Tolerance exemptions for active and inert ingredients for use in antimicrobial formulations...
Quaternary ammonium compounds: n-alkyl (C12-18) dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride. 68424-85-1. When ready for use, the end-use ... the end-use concentration of these specific ammonium compounds is not to exceed 400 ppm of active quaternary ammonium compound ... Quaternary ammonium compounds, di-n-Alkyl (C8-C10) dimethyl ammonium chloride, average molecular weight (in amu), 332 to 361. ... Quaternary ammonium compounds, alkyl (C12-C18) benzyldimethyl, chlorides. 8001-54-5. When ready for use, the end-use ...
https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-40/chapter-I/subchapter-E/part-180/subpart-D/section-180.940
WO2000042147A1 - Detergent compositions comprising a pectate lyase and a semi-polar nonionic surfactant - Google...WO2000042147A1 - Detergent compositions comprising a pectate lyase and a semi-polar nonionic surfactant - Google...
Suitable detergent compounds for use herein are selected from the group consisting of the below described compounds. ... lauryl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride or bromide; lauryl dimethyl (ethenoxy)4 ammonium chloride or bromide; choline esters ( ... C11D1/00-Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent ... The compounds wherein T1 , T2, T3, T4, T§ represents the mixture of long chain materials typical for tallow are particularly ...
https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2000042147A1/en
WO1995003382A1 - Detergent compositions inhibiting dye transfer - Google PatentsWO1995003382A1 - Detergent compositions inhibiting dye transfer - Google Patents
C11D1/00-Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent ... lauryl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride or bromide; lauryl dimethyl (ethenoxy)4 ammonium chloride or bromide; choline esters ( ... To prepare these compounds, the alcohol or alkylpolyethoxy alcohol is formed first and then reacted with glucose, or a source ... Preferred EDDS compounds are the free acid form and the sodium or magnesium salt thereof. Examples of such preferred sodium ...
https://patents.google.com/patent/WO1995003382A1/en
Wipe for use with a germicidal solution - Patent # 8486427 - PatentGeniusWipe for use with a germicidal solution - Patent # 8486427 - PatentGenius
146 contains 3% of alkyl C.sub.14 50%, C.sub.12 40%, C.sub.16 10% dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, 2.25% of octyl benzyl ... Still other solutions of blended quaternary ammonium compounds are available from Ecolab, Inc. of St. Paul, Minn. under the ... 4280Z (based on alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride and/or alkyl dimethyl ethyl benzyl ammonium chloride); and BARQUAT.RTM ... MB-80 (based on alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride); BARQUAT.RTM. MX-50 and BARQUAT.RTM. MX-80 (based on alkyl dimethyl ...
http://www.patentgenius.com/patent/8486427.html
Patent US4737306 - Layered silicates of limited swelling power, a process for their production ... - Google PatentsPatent US4737306 - Layered silicates of limited swelling power, a process for their production ... - Google Patents
Suitable activators for peroxy compounds yielding H2 O2 in water are certain N-acyl or O-acyl compounds which form organic ... The standard used was the widening of the layer interval produced by the incorporation of cetyldimethyl benzylammonium ions. ... The detergent of claim 26, including a compound which yields H2 O2 in water, and a stabilizer for said compound. ... The detergent of claim 26, including a compound which yields H2 O2 in water, and an activator for said compound. ...
http://www.google.com.au/patents/US4737306
Everyday Products That Have Gotten Some Terrible Reviews | Readers DigestEveryday Products That Have Gotten Some Terrible Reviews | Reader's Digest
"Quats, or quarternary ammonium compounds, are potent disinfectant chemicals commonly found in many disinfectant sprays, wipes, ... Clorox Disinfecting Wipes, for instance, contain Alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, which is a Quat. ...
https://www.rd.com/list/everyday-products-that-have-gotten-some-terrible-reviews/
IUCr) Tri-benzyl-ammonium chlorideIUCr) Tri-benzyl-ammonium chloride
Together with C21H21NH+·Cl-, we suggest the formation of the tin(IV) compound, [(C6H5CH2)3NH][HPO4SnMe3]. Howver, we were not ... For related crystal structures containing the tri-benzyl-ammonium cation, see: Kozhomuratova et al. (2007. ); Jarvinen et al. ( ... organic compounds\(\def\hfill{\hskip 5em}\def\hfil{\hskip 3em}\def\eqno#1{\hfil {#1}}\). CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC. COMMUNICATIONS. ... Crystals of the title compound were obtained by reacting [(C6H5CH2)3NH]2[HPO4] (0.300 g, 0.446 mmol), previously synthesized ...
http://journals.iucr.org/e/issues/2014/05/00/wm5019/index.html
Common disinfectants reduce fertility in mice - Seattle Environment News Common disinfectants reduce fertility in mice - Seattle Environment News
They are the quaternary ammonium compounds ADBAC (n-alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride) and DDAC (didecyl dimethyl ... This group of compounds acts on the cell membrane, and does a fantastic job of killing everything. But, you know, were ...
https://blog.seattlepi.com/environment/2008/06/19/common-disinfectants-reduce-fertility-in-mice/
Patent US5047020 - Ionic heparin coating - Google PatentsPatent US5047020 - Ionic heparin coating - Google Patents
This complex compound was separated from solution by means of filtration and found to contain about 63% stearylkonium cation. ... A Stearyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium Heparin complex was prepared as follows: 27 grams of heparin was dissolved in 215 ... In summary, the results of Example 4, as demonstrated by the data in table 5 indicates that alkyl benzyl ammonium/heparin ... The solution was mixed with a 420 milliliter of a water solution containing 63 grams of purified Stearyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium ...
http://www.google.co.uk/patents/US5047020
Patente US3655865 - Homogeneous water-based aerosol systems - Google PatentesPatente US3655865 - Homogeneous water-based aerosol systems - Google Patentes
Component: Parts by weight Oleyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (at 50% active) 10 Block copolymer compound A 2 Perfume 0.2 ... linoleyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, liuolenyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, myristyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium ... which appears to be an oleyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride. Also suitable for use are myristoleyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium ... hereinafter referred to as compound B), wherein Me is -CH and Bu is -C H and a cationic quaternary ammonium halide in critical ...
http://www.google.es/patents/US3655865?dq=flatulence
AquaFit4Use - Fouling and Corrosion Parameters | Biofilm | SurfactantAquaFit4Use - Fouling and Corrosion Parameters | Biofilm | Surfactant
Quaternary ammonium biocides: are nitrogenated cationic compounds like alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chlorides and dialkyl ... anyway other compounds may be useful (Robertson et al.it/biocides/. true resistance.4 Biocide control of slime formation The ... reducing sulphates compounds to S(II) using the hydrogen for producing H2S and also depolarizes the cathode because of absorbed ... Bromide organic compounds: this group includes the dibromo-nitrilo-propionamide (DBNPA) that has a large range for bacteria ...
https://www.scribd.com/document/109452340/AquaFit4Use-Fouling-and-Corrosion-Parameters
7 IN ONE Concentrate - Case of 4 3L Bottles - State Industrial Products7 IN ONE Concentrate - Case of 4 3L Bottles - State Industrial Products
DISINFECTANT TYPE: quaternary compounds. pH: 12.75. ACTIVE INGREDIENTS. Octyl decyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (1.65%); Dioctyl ... dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (2.20%). Please review label and SDS on stateindustrial.com for all product directions, ...
https://www.stateindustrial.com/7-in-one-concentrate-case-of-4-3l-bottles-1267
10 Steps to Avoid Toxic Chemicals10 Steps to Avoid Toxic Chemicals
Alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chlorides (C12-16). Alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (C14 60%, C16 30%, C12 5%, C18 5%). ... THE FACTS: Plastic products can contain toxic additives such as phthalates, heavy metals and other compounds which leach out ... Avoid antibacterial handsoaps, hand sanitizers and cleaning products which contain quaternary ammonium compounds (quats). Check ...
https://www.womensvoices.org/avoid-toxic-chemicals/ten-ways-to-avoid-toxic-chemicals/
How to avoid toxins in house cleaners - Cancer TutorHow to avoid toxins in house cleaners - Cancer Tutor
Alkyl Dimethyl Benzyl, Ammonium Chlorides C12-16) - Graded "F" because of general systemic, organ and respiratory effects. ... Silicon Compounds - Graded "F" because of developmental, endocrine, reproductive effects as well as biodegradation and chronic ...
https://www.cancertutor.com/toxins-household-cleaners/
Disinfectant Spray by Professional LYSOL® Brand RAC74828CT - OnTimeSupplies.comDisinfectant Spray by Professional LYSOL® Brand RAC74828CT - OnTimeSupplies.com
Chemical Compound. Alkyl (50% C14, 40% C12, 10% C16) Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Saccharinate, Ethanol. ... Compliant with TSCA regulations, Complies with the VOC (Volatile Organic Compound) limits, including California, Fully ...
https://www.ontimesupplies.com/rac74828ct-disinfectant-spray-linen-19-oz-aerosol-12-carton.html
Disinfectant Spray by LYSOL® Brand RAC79326 - OnTimeSupplies.comDisinfectant Spray by LYSOL® Brand RAC79326 - OnTimeSupplies.com
Chemical Compound. Alkyl (50% C14, 40% C12, 10% C16) Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Saccharinate, Ethanol. ... Compliant with TSCA regulations, Complies with California Proposition 65, Complies with the VOC (Volatile Organic Compound) ...
https://www.ontimesupplies.com/rac79326-disinfectant-spray-crisp-linen-scent-19-oz-aerosol.html
Quaternary AmmoniumBenzylChlorideQuatsAminesChemical compoundsAlcoholsAntimicrobialDisinfectantsAmmonium saltAmmoniaColorlessAnionicAlkyl chainCompositionDisinfectantEthanolAmineNonporous SurfacesCompositionsToxicCell membranePharmaceuticalSodiumIodineAminoEndocrineFormulaProductsViruses
Quaternary Ammonium7
  • In this study, we systematically evaluated the antibiofouling behavior of quaternary ammonium compound (QAC) blended polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) combined with flow cytometry (FCM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) measurements. (iwaponline.com)
  • Note: High doses of quaternary ammonium compound may combine with free chlorine, resulting in excess levels of combined chlorine. (directpoolsupplies.com.au)
  • Sodium hypochlorite, accelerated hydrogen peroxide (AHP) and a quaternary ammonium compound (QUAT) were assessed. (ubc.ca)
  • A Benzalkonium Chloride (BAK) Benzalkonium chloride is a quaternary ammonium compound and it is the most commonly used antimicrobial preservative. (annuaire-du-webmaster.com)
  • The opposition division held that the specific combination of substituents of the quaternary ammonium compound as stipulated in claim 1 was not disclosed, neither in D1 nor in any of the other citations. (epo.org)
  • Claim 1 stipulated organic substituents for the quaternary ammonium compound which were merely a selection of most of what remained from the list of substituents disclosed in D1, avoiding the selection already made for the known examples. (epo.org)
  • Benzalkonium chloride (BZK, BKC, BAK, BAC), also known as alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride (ADBAC) and by the trade name Zephiran, is a type of cationic surfactant.It is an organic salt classified as a quaternary ammonium compound.ADBACs have three main categories of use: as a biocide, a cationic surfactant, and a phase transfer agent. (iamthisland.org)
Benzyl6
  • They are the quaternary ammonium compounds ADBAC (n-alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride) and DDAC (didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride). (seattlepi.com)
  • Offering you a complete choice of products which include Sodium Polyacrylate (Atoopol WS 38), Quarternary Ammonium Compound (Benzyl Konium Chloride), EDTA Sodium Salts, Catonic Active Surfactant, EDTA Tetrasodium Salt and Benzyl Konium Chloride. (indiamart.com)
  • The products contained an amine, two quaternary ammonium compounds (n-alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride and didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride) and two phenolic compounds. (cdc.gov)
  • Benzalkonium chloride (alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride) is an organic compound that is used as an antiseptic and spermicide. (theaquariumwiki.com)
  • Benzalkonium chlorides (BACs), also known as alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chlorides, alkyl dimethyl (phenylmethyl) quaternary ammonium chlorides, ammonium alkyl dimethyl (phenylmethyl) chlorides, or ammonium alkyl dimethyl benzyl chlorides, are a class of quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) ( Fig. 1A ). (asm.org)
  • Application: Laundry Sanitizer\u003cbr\u003e Applicable Material: Fabric\u003cbr\u003e Chemical Compound: Dicapryl\/Dicaprylyl Dimonium Chloride\u003cbr\u003e n-Alkyl (C14 50%, C12 40%, C16 10%) dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride\u003cbr\u003e Dirt Types: Klebsiella Pneumoniae\u003cbr\u003e Staphylococcus Aureus. (d2distributors.com)
Chloride1
  • Benzalkonium chloride is a weak allergen but is highly toxic in large amounts and over time (compounding or long-term exposure). (naturalpedia.com)
Quats1
  • Avoid antibacterial handsoaps, hand sanitizers and cleaning products which contain quaternary ammonium compounds (quats). (womensvoices.org)
Amines2
  • Quaternary ammonium salts or quaternary ammonium compounds (called quaternary amines in oilfield parlance) are salts of quaternary ammonium cations. (wikipedia.org)
  • Quaternary ammonium compounds are prepared by the alkylation of tertiary amines with a halocarbon. (wikipedia.org)
Chemical compounds6
  • Provides comprehensive data for each element of the periodic table of elements including up to 40 properties, names in 10 languages and common chemical compounds. (environmentalchemistry.com)
  • Some chemicals listed in this database or not pure chemical compounds, rather they are mixtures/solutions of chemicals. (environmentalchemistry.com)
  • In the healthcare setting, "alcohol" refers to two water-soluble chemical compounds-ethyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol-that have generally underrated germicidal characteristics 482 . (cdc.gov)
  • IUPAC nomenclature is a system of naming chemical compounds and of describing the science of chemistry in general. (statemaster.com)
  • CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for chemical compounds, polymers, biological sequences, mixtures and alloys. (statemaster.com)
  • The offered drops are formulated using high quality chemical compounds that are procured from the most trustworthy and reliable vendors of the market. (protonpharma.in)
Alcohols1
  • Alcohols - Compounds that contain one or more hydroxyl group. (homeis.co.uk)
Antimicrobial1
  • Quaternary ammonium compounds have also been shown to have antimicrobial activity. (wikipedia.org)
Disinfectants2
  • Certain quaternary ammonium compounds, especially those containing long alkyl chains, are used as antimicrobials and disinfectants. (wikipedia.org)
  • Quaternary ammonium compounds are cationic detergents, as well as disinfectants, and as such can be used to remove organic material. (wikipedia.org)
Ammonium salt1
  • The quaternary ammonium salt bactericide has the property of an ionic compound, which is highly soluble in water and is insoluble in a non-polar solvent, with stable Chemical properties. (blamine.com)
Ammonia2
  • These studies contradict the older toxicology data set on quaternary ammonia compounds which was reviewed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) and the EU Commission. (wikipedia.org)
  • As the compound suggests this blend contains ammonia. (directpoolsupplies.com.au)
Colorless2
  • The first, also known as oxidation dyeing, uses "oxidation" dye precursors, which are colorless or weakly colored compounds. (google.com)
  • Ethanol, also known as ethyl alcohol, drinking alcohol or grain alcohol, is a flammable, colorless, slightly toxic chemical compound, and is best known as the alcohol found in alcoholic beverages. (statemaster.com)
Anionic2
  • The process involves contacting the hair fibers with a composition containing at least one polyamine compound having at least two amino groups and at least one anionic silicone. (google.com)
  • Quaternary ammonium compounds are deactivated by anionic detergents (including common soaps). (wikipedia.org)
Alkyl chain1
  • They are usually commercialized as a mixture of compounds with different lengths for the alkyl chain, ranging from C 8 to C 18 , with higher biocide activity for C 12 and C 14 derivatives ( 1 ). (asm.org)
Composition7
  • A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound according to claim 1 and a pharmaceutically-acceptable excipient, diluent or adjuvant thereof. (freepatentsonline.com)
  • 5. The dental cream composition claimed in claim 1 wherein said compound which provides fluorine is selected from the group consisting of sodium fluoride and sodium monofluorophosphate. (google.com)
  • 6. The dental cream composition claimed in claim 5 wherein said compound which provides fluorine is sodium monofluorophosphate. (google.com)
  • An optical film is also provided with excellent liquid crystal orientation retention properties and mechanical strength, produced by aligning a composition of the dioxetane compound and a cationically polymerizable compound in a liquid crystal orientation and fixing the liquid crystal orientation by polymerization. (google.com.au)
  • 4. The cationically polymerizable composition according to claim 3 wherein the composition contains at least 5 percent by mass or more of a dioxetane compound represented by formula (1). (google.com.au)
  • 5. The cationically polymerizable composition according to claim 3 wherein the compound having a cationically polymerizable group is a compound exhibiting liquid crystallinity. (google.com.au)
  • The present invention provides a compound and a pigment dispersant, each of which improves the dispersibility of various types of pigments in a non-aqueous solvent and also provides a pigment composition, a pigment dispersion, and a toner, each of which has a preferable coloring power. (patents.com)
Disinfectant2
  • Numerous proposals have been made in the past to provide disinfectant compositions for killing or controlling microorganisms which involved the complexing of iodine with various compounds which have the property of liberating the iodine for itsdisinfecting properties under conditions of use. (patentgenius.com)
  • Duty disinfectant ammonium compound with a pronounced effect against bacteria, fungi, algae, mycoplasma and big fours. (heka-incubators.co.uk)
Ethanol1
  • Germ protection - ethanol quaternary ammonium compounds. (iceland.co.uk)
Amine1
  • Other cationic compounds can be derived from imidazolium, guanidinium, substituted amine salts, or quaternary alkoxy ammonium salts. (wikipedia.org)
Nonporous Surfaces1
  • These compounds are effective in reducing or eliminating bacteria on contaminated nonporous surfaces. (bvsalud.org)
Compositions1
  • This invention provides compounds and pharmaceutical compositions thereof for treating human type 1 and type 2 diabetes, particularly insulin-resistant diabetes. (freepatentsonline.com)
Toxic2
  • Plastic products can contain toxic additives such as phthalates, heavy metals and other compounds which leach out over time. (womensvoices.org)
  • ACUTE/CHRONIC HAZARDS: This compound is highly toxic by ingestion. (iamthisland.org)
Cell membrane2
  • This group of compounds acts on the cell membrane, and does a fantastic job of killing everything. (seattlepi.com)
  • Also good against fungi, amoebas, and enveloped viruses, quaternary ammonium compounds are believed to act by disrupting the cell membrane or viral envelope. (wikipedia.org)
Pharmaceutical1
  • BOC Sciences provides a wide range of Customer Services, Bulk & Specialty Compounds to the Pharmaceutical, Agrochemical and Biotechnology industries. (chemicalregister.com)
Sodium1
  • However, when employed in toothpastes which include a compound which provides fluorine such as sodium fluoride or sodium monofluorophosphate they generally are incompatible with the unlined surface of an aluminum dentifrice container, in particular causing the swelling and formation of gas on the tube wall and also corroding the wall itself. (google.com)
Iodine1
  • Activity enhanced by Iodine and Quaternary ammonium compounds. (cram.com)
Amino2
  • When the compound obtained by the reaction contains a substituent convertible into an amino group, such sub stituent is subsequently converted into an amino group. (docme.ru)
  • Thus, a hydroxyl group may ?rst be exchanged for a This invention relates to 2-(A1'-cycloalkenyl)-2-amino alkyl-cycloalkanones and 2-cycloalkyl-2-aminoalkyl-cyclo 10 halogen atom and then the resulting halogen-compound alkanones. (docme.ru)
Endocrine1
  • Silicon Compounds - Graded "F" because of developmental, endocrine, reproductive effects as well as biodegradation and chronic aquatic toxicity. (cancertutor.com)
Formula1
  • and a compound having a cationically polymerizable group, excluding the compound represented by formula (1). (google.com.au)
Products4
  • The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitting from common cleaning products in your home evaporate into the air. (mamavation.com)
  • Once mixed with oxidizing products, at the time of use, these precursors lead to colored compounds and dyes via a process of oxidative condensation. (google.com)
  • Our analysis suggests that the ubiquitous and frequent use of BACs in commercial products can generate selective environments that favor microbial phenotypes potentially cross-resistant to a variety of compounds. (asm.org)
  • The cleaning products that induced a positive SIC contained quaternary ammonium compounds (n=10), glutaraldehyde (n=3), both of these agents (n=1) and ethanolamines (n=2). (bmj.com)
Viruses1
  • Quaternary ammonium compounds are lethal to a wide variety of organisms except endospores, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and non-enveloped viruses. (wikipedia.org)
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Alkyl Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Chloride for sale, Analytical Reagent products from 17086658 (infospaceinc.com)
TB Disinfectant Cleaner, Lemon Scent, Liquid, 32 oz Bottle, 12/Carton
TB Disinfectant Cleaner, Lemon Scent, Liquid, 32 oz Bottle, 12/Carton (superwarehouse.com)
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Environmental Cleaning Supplies and Equipment | Environmental Cleaning in RLS | HAI | CDC (cdc.gov)
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EWG's Guide to Healthy Cleaning | LYSOL Antibacterial Kitchen Cleaner, Citrus Cleaner Rating (ewg.org)
Disinfectant Spray, Early Morning Breeze, 12.5 oz, Aerosol
Disinfectant Spray, Early Morning Breeze, 12.5 oz, Aerosol (superwarehouse.com)
Quaternary Disinfectant Cleaner, 1gal Bottle
Quaternary Disinfectant Cleaner, 1gal Bottle (superwarehouse.com)
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WO1995003382A1 - Detergent compositions inhibiting dye transfer - Google Patents (patents.google.com)
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Everyday Products That Have Gotten Some Terrible Reviews | Reader's Digest (rd.com)
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IUCr) Tri-benzyl-ammonium chloride (journals.iucr.org)
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AquaFit4Use - Fouling and Corrosion Parameters | Biofilm | Surfactant (scribd.com)
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7 IN ONE Concentrate - Case of 4 3L Bottles - State Industrial Products (stateindustrial.com)
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10 Steps to Avoid Toxic Chemicals (womensvoices.org)
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WO1998006809A1 - Detergent compositions comprising alkaline polygalacturonase - Google Patents (patents.google.com)
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How to avoid toxins in house cleaners - Cancer Tutor (cancertutor.com)
Disinfectant Spray by Professional LYSOL® Brand RAC74828CT - OnTimeSupplies.com
Disinfectant Spray by Professional LYSOL® Brand RAC74828CT - OnTimeSupplies.com (ontimesupplies.com)
Maxim Midlab Germicidal Cleaner, Lemon Scent, 32 oz Bottle, 12/Carton MLB04100012
Maxim Midlab Germicidal Cleaner, Lemon Scent, 32 oz Bottle, 12/Carton MLB04100012 (cleanitsupply.com)
Dodecyl Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Chloride (CAS No. 139-07-1) Suppliers @ ChemicalRegister.com
Dodecyl Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Chloride (CAS No. 139-07-1) Suppliers @ ChemicalRegister.com (chemicalregister.com)
Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology - Journal - Elsevier
Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology - Journal - Elsevier (journals.elsevier.com)
Industrial Chemicals - Sodium Polyacrylate (Atoopol WS 38) Manufacturer from Kanpur
Industrial Chemicals - Sodium Polyacrylate (Atoopol WS 38) Manufacturer from Kanpur (indiamart.com)
Healthy Home | Down to Earth Organic and Natural
Healthy Home | Down to Earth Organic and Natural (downtoearth.org)
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US5688492A - Oral hygiene composition - Google Patents (patents.google.com)
First Evidence of Division and Accumulation of Viable but Nonculturable Pseudomonas fluorescens Cells on Surfaces Subjected to...
First Evidence of Division and Accumulation of Viable but Nonculturable Pseudomonas fluorescens Cells on Surfaces Subjected to... (aem.asm.org)
BuilderDepot
BuilderDepot (builderdepot.com)
Benzalkonium Chlorides: Uses, Regulatory Status, and Microbial Resistance | Applied and Environmental Microbiology
Benzalkonium Chlorides: Uses, Regulatory Status, and Microbial Resistance | Applied and Environmental Microbiology (aem.asm.org)
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US20080287387A1 - Method for Producing Sterile Polynucleotide Based Medicaments - Google Patents (patents.google.com)
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Benzylammonium Compounds | Harvard Catalyst Profiles | Harvard Catalyst (connects.catalyst.harvard.edu)
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US20070039088A1 - Dispensing device - Google Patents (patents.google.com)
Tropiclear Algaecide from LoChlor - Direct Pool Supplies
Tropiclear Algaecide from LoChlor - Direct Pool Supplies (directpoolsupplies.com.au)