Benzyl Alcohol
Benzyl Alcohols
Alcohol Drinking
Alcohols
Alcohol Oxidoreductases
A subclass of enzymes which includes all dehydrogenases acting on primary and secondary alcohols as well as hemiacetals. They are further classified according to the acceptor which can be NAD+ or NADP+ (subclass 1.1.1), cytochrome (1.1.2), oxygen (1.1.3), quinone (1.1.5), or another acceptor (1.1.99).
Acinetobacter
Preservatives, Pharmaceutical
4-Nitrophenylphosphatase
Alcohol Dehydrogenase
Benzoates
Pseudomonas putida
Xylenes
A family of isomeric, colorless aromatic hydrocarbon liquids, that contain the general formula C6H4(CH3)2. They are produced by the destructive distillation of coal or by the catalytic reforming of petroleum naphthenic fractions. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)
Alcoholism
A primary, chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations. The disease is often progressive and fatal. It is characterized by impaired control over drinking, preoccupation with the drug alcohol, use of alcohol despite adverse consequences, and distortions in thinking, most notably denial. Each of these symptoms may be continuous or periodic. (Morse & Flavin for the Joint Commission of the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence and the American Society of Addiction Medicine to Study the Definition and Criteria for the Diagnosis of Alcoholism: in JAMA 1992;268:1012-4)
Membrane Fluidity
Ethanol
A clear, colorless liquid rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. It has bactericidal activity and is used often as a topical disinfectant. It is widely used as a solvent and preservative in pharmaceutical preparations as well as serving as the primary ingredient in ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.
Benzoic Acid
Phenylethyl Alcohol
Pseudomonas
Acinetobacter calcoaceticus
Chloroform
Modulation of host cell membrane fluidity: a novel mechanism for preventing bacterial adhesion. (1/106)
Adhesion of bacterial enteropathogens to host mucosal surfaces is a critical primary step in the pathogenesis of diarrheal disease. We investigated the effects of altering the physical properties of eukaryotic cells on bacterial adhesion with the use of a series of three structurally dissimilar membrane fluidizers and several Escherichia coli as test strains. Lipid fluidity of the cell plasma membrane was measured by steady-state fluorescence anisotropy employing the probe 1-(4-trimethylammoniumphenyl)-6-phenyl-1,3, 5-hexatriene. There was a dose-dependent and reversible inhibition of bacterial adhesion with increasing membrane fluidity. Time course experiments indicated that increasing membrane fluidity during the early stages of bacterial adhesion was essential for inhibition of attachment. None of the fluidizers affected the viability of either eukaryotic or prokaryotic cells. These findings demonstrate, for the first time, that changes in plasma membrane physical properties of epithelial cells can prevent microbial adhesion. This also suggests that altering the membrane properties of host cells could form a basis for novel strategies to prevent bacterial adhesion during infection in vivo. (+info)Protective effect of FR168888, a new Na+/H+ exchange inhibitor, on ischemia and reperfusion-induced arrhythmia and myocardial infarction in rats: in comparison with other cardioprotective compounds. (2/106)
We have studied the effects of FR168888 (5-hydroxymethyl-3-(pyrrol-1-yl)benzoylguanidine methanesulfonate), a new Na+/H+ exchange inhibitor, on ischemia and reperfusion-induced arrhythmia and myocardial infarction in anesthetized rats and compared them with those of other cardioprotective compounds. FR168888 had a potent inhibitory effect on Na+/H+ exchange of rat lymphocytes acidified with Na+-propionate with a Ki value of 6.4 nM. Pretreatment with FR168888 (0.032-0.32 mg/kg, i.v.) reduced or completely abolished the ventricular fibrillation (VF) induced by reperfusion after 5 min of regional ischemia, while lidocaine, a class I antiarrhythmic agent, showed less effect against VF as compared with FR168888. The size of myocardial infarction induced by 60-min ischemia and 60-min reperfusion was attenuated by FR168888 dose-dependently (1.0-10 mg/kg, i.v.), and ventricular tachycardia and VF were significantly reduced during the ischemic period. In contrast, propranolol and diltiazem did not show such protective effects on myocardial infarct size. In addition, FR168888 did not change hemodynamic parameters in rats. These results indicate that FR168888 has a strong inhibitory effect on Na+/H+ exchange and that treatment with FR168888 can protect the heart from arrhythmia and myocardial cell death in ischemic and reperfused situations. (+info)Cold shock in Bacillus subtilis: different effects of benzyl alcohol and ethanol on the membrane organisation and cell adaptation. (3/106)
A temperature shift-down of Bacillus subtilis from 40 to 20 degrees C induces an 80 min growth lag. Benzyl alcohol reduced this period to 51 min, whereas ethanol prolonged it up to 102 min. The effect of the two alcohols on the membrane state was investigated by measuring the steady-state fluorescence anisotropy and analysing the lifetime distribution of diphenylhexatriene (DPH) and its polar derivative, TMA-DPH. As followed from the fluorescence anisotropy, the two alcohols exerted similar (fluidizing) effects on the cytoplasmic membranes of B. subtilis. However, benzyl alcohol significantly shortened the main DPH lifetime component and widened its distribution, while ethanol had no effect. The benzyl alcohol activity was interpreted in terms of an increased membrane hydration due to disordering of the membrane structure. Such an effect imitates the cold shock induced synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids in B. subtilis. The fatty acid analysis revealed that ethanol hindered this adaptive synthesis of fatty acids. At the same time, its effect on the membrane state (membrane order) was very low and could not substitute the physiological response as was the case with benzyl alcohol. It can thus be concluded that the adaptation of the membrane physical state contributes significantly to the cold shock response of B. subtilis. (+info)Cloning and expression of ntnD, encoding a novel NAD(P)(+)-independent 4-nitrobenzyl alcohol dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas sp. Strain TW3. (4/106)
Pseudomonas sp. strain TW3 is able to metabolize 4-nitrotoluene to 4-nitrobenzoate and toluene to benzoate aerobically via a route analogous to the upper pathway of the TOL plasmids. We report the cloning and characterization of a benzyl alcohol dehydrogenase gene (ntnD) which encodes the enzyme for the catabolism of 4-nitrobenzyl alcohol and benzyl alcohol to 4-nitrobenzaldehyde and benzaldehyde, respectively. The gene is located downstream of the previously reported ntn gene cluster. NtnD bears no similarity to the analogous TOL plasmid XylB (benzyl alcohol dehydrogenase) protein either in its biochemistry, being NAD(P)(+) independent and requiring assay via dye-linked electron transfer, or in its deduced amino acid sequence. It does, however, have significant similarity in its amino acid sequence to other NAD(P)(+)-independent alcohol dehydrogenases and contains signature patterns characteristic of type III flavin adenine dinucleotide-dependent alcohol oxidases. Reverse transcription-PCR demonstrated that ntnD is transcribed during growth on 4-nitrotoluene, although apparently not as part of the same transcript as the other ntn genes. The substrate specificity of the enzyme expressed from the cloned and overexpressed gene was similar to the activity expressed from strain TW3 grown on 4-nitrotoluene, providing evidence that ntnD is the previously unidentified gene in the pathway of 4-nitrotoluene catabolism. Examination of the 14.8-kb region around the ntn genes suggests that one or more recombination events have been involved in the formation of their current organization. (+info)Voltage-dependent blockade of normal and mutant muscle sodium channels by benzylalcohol. (5/106)
1. We studied the effects of benzylalcohol on heterologously expressed wild type (WT), paramyotonia congenita (R1448H) and hyperkalaemic periodic paralysis (M1360V) mutant alpha-subunits of human skeletal muscle sodium channels. 2. Benzylalcohol blocked rested channels at -150 mV membrane potential, with an ECR(50) of 5.3 mM in wild type, 5.1 mM in R1448H, and 6.2 mM in M1360V. When blockade was assessed at -100 mV, the ECR(50) was reduced in R1448H (2 mM) compared with both wild type (4.3 mM; P<0.01) and M1360V (4.3 mM). 3. Membrane depolarization before the test depolarization significantly promoted benzylalcohol-induced sodium channel blockade. The values of K(D) for the fast-inactivated state derived from benzylalcohol-induced shifts in steady-state availability curves were 0.66 mM in wild type and 0.58 mM in R1448H. In the presence of slow inactivation induced by 2.5 s depolarizing prepulses, the ECI(50) for benzylalcohol-induced current inhibition was 0.59 mM in wild type and 0.53 mM in R1448H. 4. Recovery from fast inactivation was prolonged in the presence of drug in all clones. 5. Benzylalcohol induced significant frequency-dependent block at stimulating frequencies of 10, 50, and 100 Hz in all clones. 6. Our results clearly show that benzylalcohol is an effective blocker of muscle sodium channels in conditions that are associated with membrane depolarization. Mutants that enter voltage-dependent inactivation at more hyperpolarized membrane potentials compared with wild type are more sensitive to inhibitory effects at the normal resting potential. (+info)Functional analysis of an olfactory receptor in Drosophila melanogaster. (6/106)
Fifty nine candidate olfactory receptor (Or) genes have recently been identified in Drosophila melanogaster, one of which is Or43a. In wild-type flies, Or43a is expressed at the distal edge of the third antennal segment in about 15 Or neurons. To identify ligands for the receptor we used the Gal4/UAS system to misexpress Or43a in the third antennal segment. Or43a mRNA expression in the antenna of transformed and wild-type flies was visualized by in situ hybridization with a digoxigenin-labeled probe. Electroantennogram recordings from transformed and wild-type flies were used to identify cyclohexanol, cyclohexanone, benzaldehyde, and benzyl alcohol as ligands for the Or43a. This in vivo analysis reveals functional properties of one member of the recently isolated Or family in Drosophila and will provide further insight into our understanding of olfactory coding. (+info)Rate sensitivity of shear-induced changes in the lateral diffusion of endothelial cell membrane lipids: a role for membrane perturbation in shear-induced MAPK activation. (7/106)
Vascular endothelium transduces the temporal gradients in shear stress (tau) originating from unsteady blood flow into functional responses. We measured the effects of step-tau and ramp-tau (i.e., t with different temporal shear gradients) on the lipid lateral diffusion coefficient (D) in the apical membranes of confluent cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells by using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. A step-tau of 10 dynes/cm2 elicited a rapid (5 s) increase of D in the portion of the cell upstream of the nucleus and a concomitant decrease in the downstream portion. A ramp-tau with a rate of 20 dynes/cm2 per min elicited a rapid (5 s) decrease of D in both the upstream and the downstream portions. The mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) ERK and JNK were activated by step-tau but not by ramping to the same tau level. Benzyl alcohol, which increases D, enhanced the activities of both MAPKs; cholesterol, which reduces D, diminished these activities. We conclude that the lipid bilayer can sense the temporal features of the applied tau with spatial discrimination and that the tau-induced membrane perturbations can be transduced into MAPK activation. These results have implications for understanding the role of t in modulating vascular functions in health and disease. (+info)Ten-nanosecond molecular dynamics simulation of the motions of the horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase.PhCH2O- complex. (8/106)
Molecular dynamics simulations have been carried out for a period of 10 ns with the dimeric enzyme horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase (HLADH) present as the reactive complex HLADH.NAD+. PhCH2O-. Cross-correlation analysis of the trajectory was carried out with the latter from 500 ps to 10 ns. The resulting cross-correlation map allowed the identification of the correlated and anticorrelated motions, which involve the entire protein. Anticorrelated and correlated motions are carried into the active site-aligned residues. (+info)
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Benzyl alcohol
... is severely toxic and highly irritating to the eye. Pure benzyl alcohol produces corneal necrosis. Benzyl ... Benzyl alcohol is an aromatic alcohol with the formula C6H5CH2OH. The benzyl group is often abbreviated "Bn" (not to be ... Benzyl esters also occur naturally. Benzyl alcohol is produced industrially from toluene via benzyl chloride, which is ... Some caution is necessary if a high percent of Benzyl alcohol is used as benzaldehyde arises from benzyl alcohol when used as ...
Benzyl alcohol O-benzoyltransferase
... (EC 2.3.1.196, benzoyl-CoA:benzyl alcohol benzoyltransferase, benzoyl-CoA:benzyl alcohol/ ... benzyl alcohol O-benzoyltransferase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction benzoyl-CoA + benzyl alcohol ⇌ {\ ... Benzyl+alcohol+O-benzoyltransferase at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Portal: Biology (EC ... benzyl alcohol benzoyltransferase, benzoyl-coenzyme A:phenylethanol benzoyltransferase) is an enzyme with systematic name ...
Benzyl benzoate
It is rapidly hydrolyzed to benzoic acid and benzyl alcohol. Benzyl alcohol is subsequently metabolized to benzoic acid. The ... generated from sodium and benzyl alcohol) as catalyst: Knowles, Charles O. (1991). "22.4.2 Benzyl Benzoate". In Hayes, Wayland ... It is the ester of benzyl alcohol and benzoic acid. It forms either a viscous liquid or solid flakes and has a weak, sweet- ... Benzyl benzoate is produced industrially by the reaction of sodium benzoate with benzyl chloride in the presence of a base, or ...
Dibenzyl ether
It is prepared by treating benzyl chloride with base. Friedrich Brühne; Elaine Wright (2007). "Benzyl Alcohol". Ullmann's ... It is classified as an ether derived from benzyl alcohol. A colorless, nearly odorless oil, the compound's main use is as a ...
Benzyl group
The abbreviation "Bn" denotes benzyl. For example, benzyl alcohol can be represented as BnOH. This abbreviation is not to be ... In IUPAC nomenclature, the prefix benzyl refers to a C6H5CH2 substituent, for example benzyl chloride or benzyl benzoate. ... Treatment of alcohol with a strong base such as powdered potassium hydroxide or sodium hydride and benzyl halide (BnCl or BnBr ... In organic chemistry, benzyl is the substituent or molecular fragment possessing the structure R−CH2−C6H5. Benzyl features a ...
Topical fluoride
... preparation containing benzyl alcohol derivative, polysorbate 80 and propylene glycol should be used in ... "The Gasping Syndrome and Benzyl Alcohol Poisoning". New England Journal of Medicine. 307 (22): 1384-1388. doi:10.1056/ ...
Enoxaparin sodium
... contain 15 mg benzyl alcohol per 1 mL as a preservative. Premature infants who have been given large amounts of benzyl alcohol ... "The Gasping Syndrome and Benzyl Alcohol Poisoning". New England Journal of Medicine. 307 (22): 1384-1388. doi:10.1056/ ...
Benzyl acetate
It is formed by the condensation of benzyl alcohol and acetic acid. Similar to most other esters, it possesses a sweet and ... It is collected and used by the bees as an intra-specific pheromone; In apiculture benzyl acetate is used as a bait to collect ... "Benzyl acetate". The Good Scents Company. Schiestl, F.P. & Roubik, D.W. (2004). "Odor Compound Detection in Male Euglossine ... Natural sources of benzyl acetate include varieties of flowers like jasmine (Jasminum), and fruits like pear, apple, etc. " ...
Paint stripper
Benzyl alcohol is used as well. Activators increase the penetration rate; for dichloromethane water is suitable, other choices ...
Danishefsky Taxol total synthesis
Alcohol 12 was protected by a benzyl group. The acetonide protecting group was removed from the ketone. Ketone 14 was converted ... The primary alcohol was protected as a silyl ether and the secondary alcohol was activated as a triflate (11). Heating this ... Subsequent reduction using sodium borohydride produced alcohol 51 . Reaction of this alcohol with the Ojima lactam 52 and a ... was protected as a benzyl ether, which was replaced much later in the synthesis (alcohol 42, Scheme 5) Protection: carbonyl ...
Lorazepam
As a preservative, the injectable solution contains benzyl alcohol. Toxicity from propylene glycol has been reported in the ... They should also not drive, operate machinery, or use alcohol within this period. Drug and alcohol dependence - The risk of ... benzyl alcohol as preservative. Lorazepam injectable solution is administered either by deep intramuscular injection or by ... It is the classic way in which acute alcohol intoxication may affect a person. Benzodiazepines should not be administered to ...
Benzyl chloride
... was first prepared from treatment of benzyl alcohol with hydrochloric acid. Industrially, benzyl chloride is ... Benzyl ethers are often derived from benzyl chloride. Benzyl chloride reacts with aqueous sodium hydroxide to give dibenzyl ... Benzyl bromide Benzyl fluoride Benzyl iodide List of highly toxic gases NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0053". ... benzyl chloride reacts with water in a hydrolysis reaction to form benzyl alcohol and hydrochloric acid. In contact with mucous ...
Benzyl butyl phthalate
It is a phthalate ester of containing benzyl alcohol, and n-butanol tail groups. Like most phthalates, BBP is non-volatile and ... Benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP) is an organic compound historically used a plasticizer, but which has now been largely phased out ... While a major part of the BBP is excreted as a mono-benzyl phthalate metabolite, a minor fragment of the BBP is excreted in the ... Monobutyl phthalate is isolated and then added to a mixture of benzyl bromide in acetone in the presence of potassium carbonate ...
Trichloroacetonitrile
Benzyl trichloroacetimidate is easily accessible from benzyl alcohol and trichloroacetonitrile. Benzyl trichloroacetimidate is ... 1993). "A useful application of benzyl trichloroacetimidate for the benzylation of alcohols". Tetrahedron. 49 (8): 1619-1624. ...
Cēpacol
In Australia, Cēpacol lozenges contain cetylpyridinium chloride and benzyl alcohol. Cepacaine lozenges contains lignocaine and ...
Benzoic acid
Benzyl alcohol and benzyl chloride and virtually all benzyl derivatives are readily oxidized to benzoic acid. Benzoic acid is ... 3, p. 337 Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Bindu Nair (2001). "Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Benzyl Alcohol, ... Reduction to benzaldehyde and benzyl alcohol is possible using DIBAL-H, LiAlH4 or sodium borohydride. Decarboxylation to ... "Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol using in Situ Generated Hydrogen Peroxide". Organic Process Research & Development. 18 (11): 1455- ...
Amiodarone
Formulations of amiodarone that contain benzyl alcohol should not be given to neonates, because the benzyl alcohol may cause ... Centers for Disease Control, (CDC) (11 June 1982). "Neonatal deaths associated with use of benzyl alcohol - United States". ... Singhal A, Ghosh P, Khan SA (2003). "Low dose amiodarone causing pseudo-alcoholic cirrhosis". Age and Ageing. 32 (2): 224-225. ... Low-dose amiodarone has been reported to cause pseudo-alcoholic cirrhosis. Long-term administration of amiodarone (usually more ...
Benzaldehyde
Benzyl alcohol can be formed from benzaldehyde by means of hydrogenation. Reaction of benzaldehyde with anhydrous sodium ... Numerous other methods have been developed, such as the partial oxidation of benzyl alcohol, alkali hydrolysis of benzal ... one molecule of the aldehyde is reduced to the benzyl alcohol and another molecule is simultaneously oxidized to benzoic acid. ... "The benzaldehyde oxidation paradox explained by the interception of peroxy radical by benzyl alcohol" (PDF). Nature ...
Brodifacoum
The ketone is then reduced with sodium borohydride yielding a benzyl alcohol. Condensation with 4-hydroxycoumarin under HCl ... She had no history of liver disease or alcohol or illicit substance abuse. Initial physical examination was remarkable only for ...
Embolization
It contains 2% benzyl alcohol, so it is less painful than ethanol. However it does cause hemolysis and kidney failure in large ... The alcohol does need some time to denature proteins of the endothelium and activate the coagulation system to cause a blood ... polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) - These are permanent agents. They are tiny balls 50-1200 um in size. The particles are not meant to ...
Potassium chlorochromate
Peligot's salt can oxidize benzyl alcohol, a reaction which can be catalyzed by acid. A related salt, pyridinium chlorochromate ... Özgün, B.; Pek, A. (1991). "Kinetics and mechanism of the oxidation of benzyl alcohol by potassium chlorochromate". Reaction ...
Sargramostim
There is a formulation with benzyl alcohol, which is toxic to babies; other formulations should be used. Sargramostim has not ...
Propofol
Newer generic formulations contain sodium metabisulfite or benzyl alcohol as antimicrobial agents. Propofol emulsion is a ... The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse. 40 (6): 428-437. doi:10.3109/00952990.2014.933840. PMID 25083822. S2CID ...
Benzyl cinnamate
... is the chemical compound which is the ester derived from cinnamic acid and benzyl alcohol. Benzyl cinnamate ... Benzyl cinnamate can be prepared by heating benzyl chloride and excess sodium cinnamate in water to 100-115 °C or by heating ... "Benzyl cinnamate". Sigma-Aldrich. George A. Burdock (2010), "BENZYL CINNAMATE", Fenaroli's Handbook of Flavor Ingredients (6th ... Benzyl cinnamate is used in heavy oriental perfumes and as a fixative. It is used as a flavoring agent. It is used ...
Contact lens
... solutions often contain preservatives such as benzalkonium chloride and benzyl alcohol. Preservative-free products ...
Benzoyl chloride
An early method for production of benzoyl chloride involved chlorination of benzyl alcohol. It reacts with water to produce ...
Stanislao Cannizzaro
For example, benzaldehyde decomposes into benzoic acid and benzyl alcohol, the Cannizzaro reaction. In the autumn of 1855, ... In Alessandria, he discovered that aromatic aldehydes are decomposed by an alcoholic solution of potassium hydroxide into a ... Cannizzaro, S. (1853). "Ueber den der Benzoësäure entsprechenden Alkohol" [On the alcohol corresponding to benzoic acid]. ... mixture of the corresponding acid and alcohol. ...
Aryl-alcohol dehydrogenase
Other names in common use include p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol dehydrogenase, benzyl alcohol dehydrogenase, and coniferyl alcohol ... In enzymology, an aryl-alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.90) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction an aromatic ... Suhara K, Takemori S, Katagiri M (1969). "The purification and properties of benzylalcohol dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas sp". ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is aryl-alcohol:NAD+ oxidoreductase. ...
Mikael Bols
Marinescu, L. G.; Bols, M. "Very High Rate Acceleration of Benzyl Alcohol Oxidation by an Artificial Enzyme." Ang. Chem. Int. ...
Carboximidate
For example, the base catalyzed reaction of benzyl alcohol upon trichloroacetonitrile yields a trichloroacetimidate. This ... Aliphatic imidates react with an excess of alcohol under acid catalysis to form orthoesters RC(OR)3, aromatic imidates can also ... and an alcohol, with the general formula R-C(=NR')OR". They are also known as imino ethers, since they resemble imines (>C=N-) ...
Elagolix
... polyvinyl alcohol, titanium dioxide, polyethylene glycol, talc, and a distinct color additive (carmine high tint in the 150 mg ... benzyl)-4-methyl-2,6-dioxo-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyrimidin-1-yl]-1-phenylethylamino}}butyrate (elagolix), a potent and orally ...
Castoreum
Other compounds are: benzoic acid, benzyl alcohol, borneol, o-cresol, 4-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone, hydroquinone, phenol. ... In perfumery, the term castoreum refers to the resinoid extract resulting from the dried and alcohol tinctured beaver castor. ...
Electrosynthesis
Protic conditions often use alcohol-water or dioxane-water solvent mixtures with an electrolyte such as a soluble salt, acid or ... Krishnan, V.; Muthukumaran, A.; Udupa, H. V. K. (1979). "The electroreduction of benzyl cyanide on iron and cobalt cathodes". ... Propiolic acid is prepared commercially by oxidizing propargyl alcohol at a lead electrode.[dubious - discuss]. In the Markó- ... An electrochemical carboxylation of a para-isobutyl benzyl chloride to Ibuprofen is promoted under supercritical carbon dioxide ...
Agaricus augustus
... which can be associated with the presence of benzaldehyde and benzyl alcohol. Its taste has been described as not distinctive. ...
Halostachine
The amino-ketone was reduced with lithium aluminum hydride to the corresponding amino-alcohol, and the N-benzyl group finally ... Chemically, N-methylphenyethanolamine is an aromatic compound, an amine, and an alcohol. The amino-group makes this compound a ...
Petasis reaction
Chiral benzyl amines, 2-substituted pyrrolidines, and 5-substituted 2-morpholinones have been shown to induce good to excellent ... The reaction takes place in ethanol at room temperature to give the product, an anti-1,2-amino alcohol with a high ... In a recent report, Schaus and co-workers reported that syn amino alcohol can be obtained with the following reaction condition ... Notice that the authors cannot assess syn-1,2-amino alcohol with this method due to intrinsic mechanistic selectivity, and the ...
Aza-Cope rearrangement
Treatment of an allylbenzylamine (A) with formic acid and formaldehyde leads to an amino alcohol (B). The amino alcohol ... Alkylation with Allylic and Benzyl Halides". J. Org. Chem. 26 (9): 3576-3577. doi:10.1021/jo01067a645. Baxter, E. W.; Labaree, ... The aza-Cope/Mannich reaction starting material, the amino alcohol, can also be thought of as related to the oxy-Cope ... The ring strain of epoxides provide useful methodology for installation of an amine group two atoms away from an alcohol group ...
Protecting group
The benzyl ester can be removed by hydrogenolysis, the fluorenylmethylenoxy group (Fmoc) by bases (such as piperidine), and the ... 4-dimethoxycinnamyl alcohol and derivatives by Coriolus versicolor". FEMS Microbiology Letters. 24 (2-3): 225-229. doi:10.1111/ ... Benzyl esters - Removed by hydrogenolysis. tert-Butyl esters - Removed by acid, base and some reductants. Esters of 2,6- ... Benzyl (Bn) - Removed by hydrogenolysis. Bn group is widely used in sugar and nucleoside chemistry. β-Methoxyethoxymethyl ether ...
Tosoh
... benzyl alcohol, hydrocarbon based solvents, piperazine, sodium styrene sulfonate, and bromochloropropane(BCP). Advanced ...
List of International Organization for Standardization standards, 1-1999
... method using benzyl alcohol) ISO 1833-10:2019 Part 10: Mixtures of triacetate or polylactide with certain other fibres (method ... Determination of alcohol-soluble extract [Withdrawn without replacement] ISO 941:1980 Spices and condiments - Determination of ...
Neighbouring group participation
In the case of a benzyl halide the reactivity is higher because the SN2 transition state enjoys a similar overlap effect to ... If Cyclopropylmethyl chloride is reacted with ethanol and water then a mixture of 48% cyclopropylmethyl alcohol, 47% ... cyclobutanol and 5% homoallyl alcohol (but-3-enol) is obtained. This is because the carbocationic intermediate is delocalised ...
Benzyl chloroformate
The compound is prepared in the lab by treating benzyl alcohol with phosgene: PhCH2OH + COCl2 → PhCH2OC(O)Cl + HCl Phosgene is ... Benzyl chloroformate, also known as benzyl chlorocarbonate or Z-chloride, is the benzyl ester of chloroformic acid. It can be ... Common procedures to achieve protection starting from benzyl chloroformate include: Benzyl chloroformate and a base, such as ... the Cbz group can be generated by the reaction of an isocyanate with benzyl alcohol (as in the Curtius rearrangement). ...
Reductions with metal alkoxyaluminium hydrides
However, debenzylation of benzyl aryl ethers may be accomplished with SMEAH. This protocol is a useful alternative to methods ... Addition of an unsaturated aldehyde to a solution of Red-Al afforded the saturated alcohol; inverse addition yielded the ... Conformationally flexible ketones undergo axial attack by the hydride reagent, leading to the equatorial alcohol. Rigid cyclic ... Alkoxyaluminium hydrides are typically prepared by treatment of lithium aluminium hydride with the corresponding alcohol. ...
Anisyl alcohol
Benzyl compounds, All stub articles, Alcohol stubs). ... Anisyl alcohol (4-methoxybenzyl alcohol) is an organic compound ... Vanillyl alcohol "4-Methoxybenzyl alcohol , C8H10O2 , ChemSpider". Karl-Georg Fahlbusch, Franz-Josef Hammerschmidt, Johannes ...
Neodymium acetate
The crystalline neodymium source is moderately soluble in water, methyl salicylate, benzyl chloride, benzyl alcohol and carbon ...
Image Studio Lite
Betz, A; Jayatilaka, S; Joshi, J; Ramanan, S; Debartolo, D; Pylypiw, H; Franke, E (2013). "Chronic exposure to benzyl butyl ... "ER Stress Activating ATF4/CHOP-TNF-a Signaling Pathway Contributes to Alcohol-Induced Disruption of Osteogenic Lineage of ...
Thiol
The word mercaptan replaces alcohol in the name of the equivalent alcohol compound. Example: CH3SH would be methyl mercaptan, ... Thiols are prepared by reductive dealkylation of sulfides, especially benzyl derivatives and thioacetals. Thiophenols are ... group of an alcohol), and the word is a blend of "thio-" with "alcohol". Many thiols have strong odors resembling that of ... This method is nearly identical to naming an alcohol and is used by the IUPAC, e.g. CH3SH would be methanethiol. ...
Methyl group
One manifestation of this enhanced reactivity is the photochemical chlorination of the methyl group in toluene to give benzyl ... "alcohol made from wood (substance)". The term "methyl" was derived in about 1840 by back-formation from "methylene", and was ... then applied to describe "methyl alcohol" (which since 1892 is called "methanol"). Methyl is the IUPAC nomenclature of organic ...
Methylprednisolone
Exposure of neural tissue to excessive amounts of benzyl alcohol has been associated with toxicity and in rare events has ... Formulations of Solu-Medrol and Depo-Medrol containing benzyl alcohol are contraindicated for use in premature infants. ... 2Benzyl alcohol should not to be used on neonates 3Preservative free formulation Methylprednisolone should not be taken orally ... Contrary to the solubilities above, methylprednisolone sodium succinate is soluble in water and alcohol, slightly soluble in ...
Cestrum nocturnum
Flowers distilled oil contains phenylethyl alcohol (27%), benzyl alcohol (12%), eicosane (5.6%), eugenol (5.6%), n-tetracosane ... Flowers alcohol extract contains cytotoxic steroids. Ingestion of C. nocturnum has not been well documented, but there is some ...
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
... cinnamyl alcohol, 2-phenylpropyl alcohol, and 3-phenylpropyl cinnamate. The delivery of inhaled antibiotics along with ... Specifically, these are: cinnamic acid, cinnamyl cinnamate, ethyl cinnamate, benzyl cinnamate, styrene, vanillin, ... the recommendations are to wash hands thoroughly and regularly using soap and water or an alcohol-based sanitizer. Additional ...
Achmatowicz reaction
Reagents: benzyl chloroformate protects amine as Cbz group, Achmatowitz reaction with m-CPBA, complexation with a molybdenum ... Additional reaction steps, alcohol protection with methyl orthoformate and boron trifluoride) and then ketone reduction with ... b. 20 December 1931 in Vilnius) in 1971 furfuryl alcohol is reacted with bromine in methanol to 2,5-dimethoxy-2,5-dihydrofuran ...
Homochirality
If one takes, for example, alanine, which has a small methyl group, and phenylalanine, which has a larger benzyl group, a ... 17 January 1996). "Highly Enantioselective Catalytic Asymmetric Automultiplication of Chiral Pyrimidyl Alcohol". Journal of the ... "Highly Enantioselective Catalytic Asymmetric Automultiplication of Chiral Pyrimidyl Alcohol". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118 (2): 471- ...
Powder coating
Recently, the suspected human carcinogen methylene chloride is being replaced by benzyl alcohol with great success. Powder ...
White catalyst
Rice, G. T.; White, M. C. (2009). "Allylic C-H Amination for the Preparation of syn-1,3-Amino Alcohol Motifs". J. Am. Chem. Soc ... These reactions were catalyzed by the White catalyst or by an earlier version of the complex bearing benzyl substituents on the ...
Benzyl Alcohol Topical: MedlinePlus Drug Information
Benzyl Alcohol Topical: learn about side effects, dosage, special precautions, and more on MedlinePlus ... Avoid getting benzyl alcohol lotion in your eyes.. If benzyl alcohol lotion gets in your eyes, flush them with water right away ... Benzyl alcohol is in a class of medications called pediculicides. It works by killing the lice. Benzyl alcohol lotion will not ... Before using benzyl alcohol lotion,. *tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to benzyl alcohol, any other ...
Neonatal Deaths Associated With Use
Of Benzyl Alcohol -- United States
... benzyl alcohol intravenously, but tolerated smaller infusions without signs of toxicity. The serum half-life of benzyl alcohol ... may be preserved with benzyl alcohol. Toxic effects of benzyl alcohol, including respiratory failure, vasodilation, hypotension ... Editorial Note: Benzyl alcohol is an aromatic alcohol usually used in a concentration of 0.9% as a bacteriostatic preservative ... The benzyl alcohol may therefore have been metabolized to benzoic acid, which could not be conjugated by the immature liver but ...
Super Refined™ Benzyl Alcohol | Pharma
Boasting benefits such as very low benzaldehyde and peroxide levels, Super Refined Benzyl Alcohol meets the requirements for ... A high purity aromatic alcohol suitable for use as a preservative, solvent, and viscosity reducing agent. ... Super Refined™ Benzyl Alcohol is a high purity aromatic alcohol suitable for use as a preservative, solvent, and viscosity ... Boasting benefits such as very low benzaldehyde and peroxide levels, Super Refined Benzyl Alcohol meets the requirements for ...
Benzyl Alcohol - A toZ Chemicals
Benzyl Alcohol. Product Details: Purity % ,99% Packaging Details 200 litre Drum Usage/Application coatings, Manufacturing ... pure 200 Litre Drum of Benzyl Alcohol CAS No. 100-51-6, C7H8O. It is used in paints & coatings. Additional Information: Item ... pure 200 Litre Drum of Benzyl Alcohol CAS No. 100-51-6, C7H8O. It is used in paints & coatings. ...
Benzyl Alcohol Archives - Simple Pure Beauty
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. These products/diy recipes are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.. AMAZON DISCLOSURE: The owner of this website is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon properties including, but not limited to, amazon.com, endless.com, myhabit.com, smallparts.com, or amazonwireless.com.. ...
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CFR - Code of Federal Regulations Title 21
alpha]-Isobutylphenethyl alcohol; isobutyl benzyl carbinol; 4-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pentanol. ... Hydrogenation using palladium as a catalyst in methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, or isopropyl alcohol acidified with hydrochloric ... In alcoholic beverages only; finished alcoholic beverage thujone free 1 Thistle, blessed (holy thistle). Onicus benedictus L. ... Hypericin-free alcohol distillate form only; in alcoholic beverages only Sandalwood, white (yellow, or East Indian). Santalum ...
'Inactive' ingredients in pharmaceutical products: update (subject review). American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on...
Angle Brush - gabrielcosmetics
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NIOSHTIC-2 Search Results - Full View
Benzyl alcohol, of approximately 6 × 10-19 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 was determined by monitoring the decrease in benzyl alcohol ... To more clearly define part of benzyl alcohols indoor environment degradation mechanism, the products of the benzyl alcohol + ... A bimolecular rate constant, kOH+Benzyl alcohol, of (28 +/- 7) × 10-12 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 was measured using the relative rate ... Gas-phase chemistry of benzyl alcohol: reaction rate constants and products with OH radical and ozone. ...
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BENZYL ALCOHOL ● CINNAMAL ● TOCOPHEROL ● BENZYL CINNAMATE ● ISOEUGENOL ● FARNESOL ● BENZYL SALICYLATE ● CI 60730 (EXT.VIOLET 2 ... ALCOHOL ● PARFUM (FRAGRANCE) ● LIMONENE ● LINALOOL ● AQUA (WATER) ● COUMARIN ● CITRONELLOL ● HYDROXYCITRONELLAL ● GERANIOL ● ... ETHYLHEXYL METHOXYCINNAMATE ● CITRAL ● ALPHA-ISOMETHYL IONONE ● BENZYL BENZOATE ● BHT ● BUTYL METHOXYDIBENZOYLMETHANE ● ...
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BenzoatePropylene GlycolBenzoic acidPreservativeGLYCERINAmount of benzyl alcoholSolventStearyl AlcoholContains benzyl alcoholTolueneBenzaldehydeIngredientsAromatic alcoholBACTERIOSTATIC WATERWaterTopicalHair and scalpLINALOOLSALICYLATEPARFUMFragranceDenatChlorideEthanolButylene glycolAromaticAllergy to benzyl alcoholAllergensColorless liquidEsterBacteriostaticAllergicIngredient
Benzoate1
- 250mg/ml testosterone enanthate recipe for 2000ml 500g testosterone enanthate (375ml) 300ml benzyl benzoate (15%) 100ml benzyl alcohol (5%) 1225ml oil. (parqueestadualdaserradotabuleiro.com)
Propylene Glycol1
- Le Gloss T Colour Gel 1253392 F: Aqua/Water/Eau Cetearyl Alcohol Cocamidopropyl Betaine Behentrimonium Chloride Propylene Glycol Amodimethicone, Sclerotium Gum Hc Blue 2 Isopropyl Alcohol Sodium Chloride Phenoxyethanol Parfum/Fragrance Ethanolamine, Citric Acid 2-Nitro-5-Glyceryl Methylaniline Cocos Nucifera Oil/Coconut Oil Trideceth-6 Lunalool Hexyl Cinnamal Chlorhexidine Digluconate Basic Brown 17, Benzyl Salicylate Benzyl Alcohol Limonene Cetrimonium Chloride Amyl Cinnamal Coumarin Citronellol Alpha-Isomethyl Ionone, F.I.L. (cub.com)
Benzoic acid2
- Benzyl alcohol is normally oxidized rapidly to benzoic acid, conjugated with glycine in the liver, and excreted as hippuric acid. (cdc.gov)
- The benzyl alcohol may therefore have been metabolized to benzoic acid, which could not be conjugated by the immature liver but accumulated, causing metabolic acidosis (2). (cdc.gov)
Preservative5
- Sixteen neonatal deaths thought to be caused by the benzyl alcohol preservative used in some intravascular solutions have been reported to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) by 2 medical centers (1,2). (cdc.gov)
- Based on these reports, the FDA has recommended that intravascular flush solutions containing benzyl alcohol not be used for newborns and that diluents with this preservative not be used as medications for these infants. (cdc.gov)
- Editorial Note: Benzyl alcohol is an aromatic alcohol usually used in a concentration of 0.9% as a bacteriostatic preservative in multiple-dose vials of solutions or drugs for parenteral therapy. (cdc.gov)
- Super Refined™ Benzyl Alcohol is a high purity aromatic alcohol suitable for use as a preservative, solvent, and viscosity reducing agent. (crodapharma.com)
- Benzyl alcohol (C 7 H 8 O, MW 108.14) is an antimicrobial preservative, disinfectant, and solvent. (uspharmacist.com)
GLYCERIN1
- The SG of alcohol is between 0.812 and 0.816, and its boiling point is 78.15°C. Alcohol is miscible with chloroform, glycerin, and water, and its solutions may be sterilized by autoclaving or filtration. (uspharmacist.com)
Amount of benzyl alcohol1
- Your doctor will prescribe a specific amount of benzyl alcohol lotion based on your hair length. (medlineplus.gov)
Solvent1
- Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of technical-grade benzyl alcohol (99% pure), a textile dye additive, solvent, and food flavoring agent, were conducted by administering the chemical by gavage in corn oil vehicle to groups of F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice of each sex for 16 days, 13 weeks, or 2 years. (nih.gov)
Stearyl Alcohol1
- It's a so-called fatty alcohol, a mix of cetyl and stearyl alcohol, other two emollient fatty alcohols. (incidecoder.com)
Contains benzyl alcohol2
- injection contains benzyl alcohol). (unboundmedicine.com)
- Safety and effectiveness not established (injection contains benzyl alcohol). (unboundmedicine.com)
Toluene2
- Microsomes were also incubated with toluene to examine the relative formation of the toluene metabolite, benzyl alcohol. (cdc.gov)
- Organic inter-conversions , Propene to 1-nitropropane,ethane to bromoethane, ethanol to but-1-yne, Propene to propyne, toluene to benzyl alcohol. (theunconditionalguru.in)
Benzaldehyde2
- Boasting benefits such as very low benzaldehyde and peroxide levels, Super Refined Benzyl Alcohol meets the requirements for injectable use. (crodapharma.com)
- The derivatizing agents O-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl)hydroxylamine (PFBHA) and N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) were used to positively identify benzaldehyde, glyoxal and 4-oxopentanal as benzyl alcohol/OH reaction products. (cdc.gov)
Ingredients1
- tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to benzyl alcohol, any other medications, or any of the ingredients in benzyl alcohol lotion. (medlineplus.gov)
Aromatic alcohol1
- Benzyl alcohol belongs to the aromatic alcohol group of compounds widely utilized in cosmetics and preservatives. (sigmaaldrich.com)
BACTERIOSTATIC WATER1
- Each vial of bacteriostatic water for injection contains 231 mg of benzyl alcohol (see section 4-4). (who.int)
Water1
- If benzyl alcohol lotion gets in your eyes, flush them with water right away. (medlineplus.gov)
Topical3
- Benzyl alcohol topical is no longer available in the United States. (medlineplus.gov)
- If you are currently using benzyl alcohol topical, you should call your doctor to discuss switching to another treatment. (medlineplus.gov)
- Topical benzyl alcohol comes as a lotion to apply to the scalp and hair. (medlineplus.gov)
Hair and scalp2
- Benzyl alcohol lotion should only be used on the hair and scalp. (medlineplus.gov)
- Apply benzyl alcohol lotion to dry hair and scalp area. (medlineplus.gov)
LINALOOL1
- Chemicals naturalc benzyl acetate eugenol hexyl cinnemal limonene linalool methyl eugenol methyl salicylate pinene endocrine disruption (Bitsch et al. (cdc.gov)
SALICYLATE1
- Alcohol 39C, DEP, Benzyl Salicylate. (rusticescentuals.com)
PARFUM1
- Create eau de toilette (15%-18%), eau de parfum (19%-22%), and perfume (23%-28%) with this base using up to a maximum fragrance load of 30%.When crafting perfumes with this product, please allow time for the alcohol note to macerate (soften and waste away) - this may take anywhere from 1-3 days. (rusticescentuals.com)
Fragrance3
- Benzyl alcohol is fragrance and flavor material that also has preservative qualities. (ivapeiq.com)
- Benzyl Alcohol is an aromatic alcohol used in a wide variety of cosmetic formulations as a fragrance component, preservative, solvent, and viscosity-decreasing agent. (ivapeiq.com)
- https://www.pacorabanne.com/ww/uk-en/fragrance/p/lady-million-lucky--000000000065131402 000000000065131402 Lady Million Lucky https://www.pacorabanne.com/medias/sys_master/images/images/hed/h81/9347417702430/9347417702430.jpg 87 87 GBP InStock /Size /Lady Million /Lady Million Lady Million Lucky perfume for women. (pacorabanne.com)
Denat1
- Aqua / Water, Alcohol Denat. (urbandecay.com)
Chloride7
- Unstabilized benzyl chloride readily undergoes a self-condensation reaction in the presence of all common metals (except nickel and lead) with the liberation of heat and hydrogen chloride. (nih.gov)
- Contact of unstabilized benzyl chloride with aluminum, iron or rust should be avoided to obviate the risk of polycondensation. (nih.gov)
- Benzyl acetate was prepared by addition of benzyl chloride (containing 0.6% pyridine as stabilizer) to preformed sodium acetate at 70 deg C, followed by heating at 115 deg C, then finally up to 135 deg C to complete the reaction. (nih.gov)
- Analysis of bulk samples revealed the presence of methylene-chloride (75092), toluene (108883), isopropanol (67630), methyl-ethyl-ketone (78933), methyl-isobutyl- ketone (108101), xylene (1330207), butyl-cellosolve (111762), molecular weight 120 aromatics and diacetone-alcohol (123422). (cdc.gov)
- Benzyl chloride is often used in the synthesis of other chemicals, particularly amphetamine-class drugs. (trichemicals.com)
- For this reason, the sale of benzyl chloride is monitored by the Drug Enforcement Administration. (trichemicals.com)
- It reacts wtih water in a hydrolysis reaction to form benzyl alcohol and hyrdogen chloride. (trichemicals.com)
Ethanol1
- Although the term "alcohol" is used in the name, it does not contain any ethanol, the volatile alcohol found in alcoholic beverages and mouthwash products, and may be present in products that are considered alcohol free. (ivapeiq.com)
Butylene glycol1
- Also look out for propylene glycol, isopropyl alcohol, and butylene glycol. (bcwriters.com)
Aromatic4
- Benzyl alcohol is an aromatic alcohol found in many naturally occurring plant products such as balsam of Peru. (medscape.com)
- Benzyl alcohol is a colorless liquid with a mild pleasant aromatic odor. (ozvials.com.au)
- Benzyl alcohol is an aromatic alcohol with the formula C 6 H 5 CH 2 OH. (ivapeiq.com)
- Our results elucidate the mechanism of benzenoid synthesis in yeast through phenylpyruvate linked with the mandelate pathway to produce benzyl alcohol and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde from the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine, as well as sugars. (bvsalud.org)
Allergy to benzyl alcohol3
- [ 4 ] Despite its widespread use, reports of allergy to benzyl alcohol are relatively rare. (medscape.com)
- [ 5 ] We report a patient with an allergy to benzyl alcohol, discuss the importance of patch testing with personal products and the investigation of synonyms, and present a brief review of the literature regarding benzyl alcohol. (medscape.com)
- Mitchell, D.M. and M.H. Beck, Contact allergy to benzyl alcohol in a cutting oil reodorant. (huidziekten.nl)
Allergens1
- Allergens: Benzyl Alcohol. (ihanaskincare.com)
Colorless liquid2
- Benzyl alcohol appears clear colorless liquid with a pleasant odor. (lugchemical.co.id)
- benzyl alcohol a colorless liquid used as a bacteriostatic in solutions for injection and as a topical local anesthetic. (ivapeiq.com)
Ester1
- benzyl ester or ether intermediate. (pharmaceuticalssteroids.com)
Bacteriostatic3
- Bacteriostatic saline is a physiological saline solution containing the bacteriostatic agent benzyl alcohol as a 0.9% solution. (nih.gov)
- The benzyl alcohol group received bacteriostatic saline as a preinjection, and the lidocaine group received propofol containing lidocaine. (nih.gov)
- Pharmaceutical grade benzyl alcohol is used as a bacteriostatic and as a local anesthetic. (lugchemical.co.id)
Allergic3
- We present the case of a woman with allergic contact dermatitis from benzyl alcohol and a brief review of allergy to this chemical. (medscape.com)
- Shoji, A., Allergic reaction to benzyl alcohol in an antimycotic preparation. (huidziekten.nl)
- Shmunes, E., Allergic dermatitis to benzyl alcohol in an injectable solution. (huidziekten.nl)
Ingredient2
- In 1998, the Food and Drug Administration listed benzyl alcohol as an ingredient in 322 cosmetic formulations, including baby toiletries, mascaras, hair dyes, and other skin care products. (medscape.com)
- Benzyl alcohol is considered to be a safe ingredient in skincare and cosmetics when used on intact skin," Krant says. (ivapeiq.com)