OrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceHealth Care
BenzoatesBenzoic AcidSodium BenzoateBenzoate 4-MonooxygenaseParabensChlorobenzoatesAzoarcusCatecholsHydroxybenzoatesEstradiolBiodegradation, EnvironmentalOxygenasesCrotonatesDeltaproteobacteriaSorbic AcidHippuratesAnaerobiosisPseudomonasRhodopseudomonasHydrocarbons, AromaticPseudomonas putidaSalicylanilidesCatechol 1,2-DioxygenaseToluenePhenolD-Amino-Acid OxidaseNitrobenzoatesOvariectomyIvermectinXylenesDioxygenasesGentisatesFood PreservativesProgesteroneThaueraAcinetobacterCoenzyme A LigasesAcinetobacter calcoaceticusCyclohexanecarboxylic AcidsMandelic AcidsCinnamomum zeylanicumCastrationAcetatesRhodotorulaBenzyl AlcoholsLuteinizing HormoneIodobenzoatesAcyl Coenzyme ASalicylatesRaccoonsEstrusTrifluralinPhthalic AcidsEstrus SynchronizationHydroxidesMethanospirillumRhodococcusAerobiosisCatechol 2,3-DioxygenaseBromobenzoatesBurkholderiaGene Expression Regulation, BacterialMethaneEctoparasitic InfestationsTrenbolone AcetateDrug ImplantsAstatineFoxesSexual Behavior, AnimalGeobacterPimelic AcidsTick ControlMolecular Sequence DataCarbamoyl-Phosphate Synthase I Deficiency DiseaseBacterial ProteinsGenes, BacterialPeptococcaceaeEstrogensSuccinatesBenzocaineBacteria, AnaerobicDiestrusGuaifenesinKineticsOxidation-ReductionTrialkyltin CompoundsBenzaldehydesArguloidaAminobenzoatesortho-AminobenzoatesHydroxyl RadicalCoenzyme AOperonHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationCulture Media
Benzoates
Derivatives of BENZOIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the carboxybenzene structure.
Benzoic Acid
A fungistatic compound that is widely used as a food preservative. It is conjugated to GLYCINE in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.
Sodium Benzoate
The sodium salt of BENZOIC ACID. It is used as an antifungal preservative in pharmaceutical preparations and foods. It may also be used as a test for liver function.
Benzoate 4-Monooxygenase
An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of BENZOATE to 4-hydroxybenzoate. It requires IRON and tetrahydropteridine.
Parabens
Methyl, propyl, butyl, and ethyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. They have been approved by the FDA as antimicrobial agents for foods and pharmaceuticals. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed, p872)
Chlorobenzoates
Benzoic acid or benzoic acid esters substituted with one or more chlorine atoms.
Azoarcus
A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacteria including species which are often associated with grasses (POACEAE) and which fix nitrogen as well as species which anaerobically degrade toluene and other mono-aromatic hydrocarbons.
Catechols
A group of 1,2-benzenediols that contain the general formula R-C6H5O2.
Hydroxybenzoates
Benzoate derivatives substituted by one or more hydroxy groups in any position on the benzene ring.
Estradiol
The 17-beta-isomer of estradiol, an aromatized C18 steroid with hydroxyl group at 3-beta- and 17-beta-position. Estradiol-17-beta is the most potent form of mammalian estrogenic steroids.
Biodegradation, Environmental
Elimination of ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS; PESTICIDES and other waste using living organisms, usually involving intervention of environmental or sanitation engineers.
Oxygenases
Oxidases that specifically introduce DIOXYGEN-derived oxygen atoms into a variety of organic molecules.
Crotonates
Derivatives of BUTYRIC ACID that include a double bond between carbon 2 and 3 of the aliphatic structure. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that include the aminobutryrate structure.
Deltaproteobacteria
A group of PROTEOBACTERIA represented by morphologically diverse, anaerobic sulfidogens. Some members of this group are considered bacterial predators, having bacteriolytic properties.
Sorbic Acid
Mold and yeast inhibitor. Used as a fungistatic agent for foods, especially cheeses.
Hippurates
Salts and esters of hippuric acid.
Anaerobiosis
The complete absence, or (loosely) the paucity, of gaseous or dissolved elemental oxygen in a given place or environment. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)
Pseudomonas
A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria widely distributed in nature. Some species are pathogenic for humans, animals, and plants.
Rhodopseudomonas
A genus of gram-negative, rod-shaped, phototrophic bacteria found in aquatic environments. Internal photosynthetic membranes are present as lamellae underlying the cytoplasmic membrane.
Hydrocarbons, Aromatic
Organic compounds containing carbon and hydrogen in the form of an unsaturated, usually hexagonal ring structure. The compounds can be single ring, or double, triple, or multiple fused rings.
Pseudomonas putida
A species of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria isolated from soil and water as well as clinical specimens. Occasionally it is an opportunistic pathogen.
Salicylanilides
2-Hydroxy-N-phenylbenzamides. N-phenyl substituted salicylamides. Derivatives have been used as fungicides, anti-mildew agents and topical antifungal agents. In concentrated form may cause irritation of skin and mucous membranes.
Catechol 1,2-Dioxygenase
An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of catechol to muconic acid with the use of Fe3+ as a cofactor. This enzyme was formerly characterized as EC 1.13.1.1 and EC 1.99.2.2.
Toluene
A widely used industrial solvent.
Phenol
An antiseptic and disinfectant aromatic alcohol.
D-Amino-Acid Oxidase
Nitrobenzoates
Benzoic acid or benzoic acid esters substituted with one or more nitro groups.
Ovariectomy
The surgical removal of one or both ovaries.
Ivermectin
A mixture of mostly avermectin H2B1a (RN 71827-03-7) with some avermectin H2B1b (RN 70209-81-3), which are macrolides from STREPTOMYCES avermitilis. It binds glutamate-gated chloride channel to cause increased permeability and hyperpolarization of nerve and muscle cells. It also interacts with other CHLORIDE CHANNELS. It is a broad spectrum antiparasitic that is active against microfilariae of ONCHOCERCA VOLVULUS but not the adult form.
Xylenes
A family of isomeric, colorless aromatic hydrocarbon liquids, that contain the general formula C6H4(CH3)2. They are produced by the destructive distillation of coal or by the catalytic reforming of petroleum naphthenic fractions. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)
Dioxygenases
Non-heme iron-containing enzymes that incorporate two atoms of OXYGEN into the substrate. They are important in biosynthesis of FLAVONOIDS; GIBBERELLINS; and HYOSCYAMINE; and for degradation of AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS.
Gentisates
Salts and esters of gentisic acid.
Food Preservatives
Substances capable of inhibiting, retarding or arresting the process of fermentation, acidification or other deterioration of foods.
Progesterone
The major progestational steroid that is secreted primarily by the CORPUS LUTEUM and the PLACENTA. Progesterone acts on the UTERUS, the MAMMARY GLANDS and the BRAIN. It is required in EMBRYO IMPLANTATION; PREGNANCY maintenance, and the development of mammary tissue for MILK production. Progesterone, converted from PREGNENOLONE, also serves as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of GONADAL STEROID HORMONES and adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS.
Thauera
A genus of gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria able to anaerobically oxidize and degrade toluene.
Acinetobacter
A genus of gram-negative bacteria of the family MORAXELLACEAE, found in soil and water and of uncertain pathogenicity.
Coenzyme A Ligases
Enzymes that catalyze the formation of acyl-CoA derivatives. EC 6.2.1.
Acinetobacter calcoaceticus
A species of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria found in soil and water. Although considered to be normally nonpathogenic, this bacterium is a causative agent of nosocomial infections, particularly in debilitated individuals.
Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids
Mandelic Acids
Analogs or derivatives of mandelic acid (alpha-hydroxybenzeneacetic acid).
Cinnamomum zeylanicum
The tree which is known for its bark which is sold as cinnamon. The oil contains about 65-80% cinnamaldehyde and 10% EUGENOL and many TERPENES.
Castration
Surgical removal or artificial destruction of gonads.
Acetates
Derivatives of ACETIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the carboxymethane structure.
Rhodotorula
A red yeast-like mitosporic fungal genus generally regarded as nonpathogenic. It is cultured from numerous sources in human patients.
Benzyl Alcohols
Alcohols derived from the aryl radical (C6H5CH2-) and defined by C6H5CHOH. The concept includes derivatives with any substituents on the benzene ring.
Luteinizing Hormone
A major gonadotropin secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). Luteinizing hormone regulates steroid production by the interstitial cells of the TESTIS and the OVARY. The preovulatory LUTEINIZING HORMONE surge in females induces OVULATION, and subsequent LUTEINIZATION of the follicle. LUTEINIZING HORMONE consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. Within a species, the alpha subunit is common in the three pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH, LH and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity.
Iodobenzoates
Benzoic acid esters or salts substituted with one or more iodine atoms.
Acyl Coenzyme A
S-Acyl coenzyme A. Fatty acid coenzyme A derivatives that are involved in the biosynthesis and oxidation of fatty acids as well as in ceramide formation.
Salicylates
The salts or esters of salicylic acids, or salicylate esters of an organic acid. Some of these have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.
Raccoons
Carnivores of the genus Procyon of the family PROCYONIDAE. Two subgenera and seven species are currently recognized. They range from southern Canada to Panama and are found in several of the Caribbean Islands.
Estrus
The period in the ESTROUS CYCLE associated with maximum sexual receptivity and fertility in non-primate female mammals.
Trifluralin
A microtubule-disrupting pre-emergence herbicide.
Phthalic Acids
A group of compounds that has the general structure of a dicarboxylic acid-substituted benzene ring. The ortho-isomer is used in dye manufacture. (Dorland, 28th ed)
Estrus Synchronization
Occurrence or induction of ESTRUS in all of the females in a group at the same time, applies only to non-primate mammals with ESTROUS CYCLE.
Hydroxides
Inorganic compounds that contain the OH- group.
Methanospirillum
The sole genus in the family Methanospirillaceae whose organisms are progressively motile by means of polar, tufted flagella. They have been isolated from sewage-sludge and pear waste digesters as well as marine and non-marine habitats.
Rhodococcus
A bacterial genus of the order ACTINOMYCETALES.
Aerobiosis
Life or metabolic reactions occurring in an environment containing oxygen.
Catechol 2,3-Dioxygenase
Catalyzes the oxidation of catechol to 2-hydroxymuconate semialdehyde in the carbazole and BENZOATE degradation via HYDROXYLATION pathways. It also catalyzes the conversion of 3-methylcatechol to cis, cis-2-hydroxy-6-oxohept-2,4-dienoate in the TOLUENE and XYLENE degradation pathway. This enzyme was formerly characterized as EC 1.13.1.2.
Bromobenzoates
Benzoic acid or benzoic acid esters substituted with one or more bromine atoms.
Burkholderia
A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria. Organisms in this genus had originally been classified as members of the PSEUDOMONAS genus but overwhelming biochemical and chemical findings indicated the need to separate them from other Pseudomonas species, and hence, this new genus was created.
Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial
Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in bacteria.
Methane
The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
Ectoparasitic Infestations
Infestations by PARASITES which live on, or burrow into, the surface of their host's EPIDERMIS. Most ectoparasites are ARTHROPODS.
Trenbolone Acetate
An anabolic steroid used mainly as an anabolic agent in veterinary practice.
Drug Implants
Small containers or pellets of a solid drug implanted in the body to achieve sustained release of the drug.
Astatine
Astatine. A radioactive halogen with the atomic symbol At, atomic number 85, and atomic weight 210. Its isotopes range in mass number from 200 to 219 and all have an extremely short half-life. Astatine may be of use in the treatment of hyperthyroidism.
Foxes
Any of several carnivores in the family CANIDAE, that possess erect ears and long bushy tails and are smaller than WOLVES. They are classified in several genera and found on all continents except Antarctica.
Sexual Behavior, Animal
Sexual activities of animals.
Geobacter
A genus of gram-negative, anaerobic, metal-reducing bacteria in the family Geobacteraceae. They have the ability to oxidize a variety of organic compounds, including AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS.
Pimelic Acids
A group of compounds that are derivatives of heptanedioic acid with the general formula R-C7H11O4.
Tick Control
Chemical, biological, or medical measures designed to prevent the spread of ticks or the concomitant infestations which result in tick-borne diseases. It includes the veterinary as well as the public health aspects of tick and mite control.
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Carbamoyl-Phosphate Synthase I Deficiency Disease
A urea cycle disorder manifesting in infancy as lethargy, emesis, seizures, alterations of muscle tone, abnormal eye movements, and an elevation of serum ammonia. The disorder is caused by a reduction in the activity of hepatic mitochondrial CARBAMOYL-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE (AMMONIA). (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp50-1)
Bacterial Proteins
Proteins found in any species of bacterium.
Genes, Bacterial
The functional hereditary units of BACTERIA.
Peptococcaceae
A family of bacteria found in the mouth and intestinal and respiratory tracts of man and other animals as well as in the human female urogenital tract. Its organisms are also found in soil and on cereal grains.
Estrogens
Compounds that interact with ESTROGEN RECEPTORS in target tissues to bring about the effects similar to those of ESTRADIOL. Estrogens stimulate the female reproductive organs, and the development of secondary female SEX CHARACTERISTICS. Estrogenic chemicals include natural, synthetic, steroidal, or non-steroidal compounds.
Succinates
Derivatives of SUCCINIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain a 1,4-carboxy terminated aliphatic structure.
Benzocaine
A surface anesthetic that acts by preventing transmission of impulses along NERVE FIBERS and at NERVE ENDINGS.
Bacteria, Anaerobic
Diestrus
A phase of the ESTROUS CYCLES that follows METESTRUS. Diestrus is a period of sexual quiescence separating phases of ESTRUS in polyestrous animals.
Guaifenesin
An expectorant that also has some muscle relaxing action. It is used in many cough preparations.
Kinetics
The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.
Oxidation-Reduction
A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).
Trialkyltin Compounds
Organometallic compounds which contain tin and three alkyl groups.
Benzaldehydes
Arguloida
An order of CRUSTACEA that are parasitic on freshwater fish.
Aminobenzoates
Derivatives of BENZOIC ACID that contain one or more amino groups attached to the benzene ring structure. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that include the aminobenzoate structure.
ortho-Aminobenzoates
Benzoic acids, salts, or esters that contain an amino group attached to carbon number 2 or 6 of the benzene ring structure.
Hydroxyl Radical
The univalent radical OH. Hydroxyl radical is a potent oxidizing agent.
Coenzyme A
Operon
In bacteria, a group of metabolically related genes, with a common promoter, whose transcription into a single polycistronic MESSENGER RNA is under the control of an OPERATOR REGION.
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
Culture Media
Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.

Separation of molecular species of glucosylceramide by high performance liquid chromatography of their benzoyl derivatives. (1/2141)

The method of separation of glucosylceramide by HPLC was reported. Glucosylceramide was perbenzoylated and separated on a packed muBondapack C18 column, using methanol as eluting solvent. The pattern obtained by HPLC closely resembled that obtained by GLC of the TMS-glucosylceramide, and reflected the molecular species of fatty acid components. This method is reproducible, and sensitive as GLC. This method also can be used for analysis of higher glycolipids.  (+info)

Anaerobic degradation of phthalate isomers by methanogenic consortia. (2/2141)

Three methanogenic enrichment cultures, grown on ortho-phthalate, iso-phthalate, or terephthalate were obtained from digested sewage sludge or methanogenic granular sludge. Cultures grown on one of the phthalate isomers were not capable of degrading the other phthalate isomers. All three cultures had the ability to degrade benzoate. Maximum specific growth rates (microseconds max) and biomass yields (YXtotS) of the mixed cultures were determined by using both the phthalate isomers and benzoate as substrates. Comparable values for these parameters were found for all three cultures. Values for microseconds max and YXtotS were higher for growth on benzoate compared to the phthalate isomers. Based on measured and estimated values for the microbial yield of the methanogens in the mixed culture, specific yields for the phthalate and benzoate fermenting organisms were calculated. A kinetic model, involving three microbial species, was developed to predict intermediate acetate and hydrogen accumulation and the final production of methane. Values for the ratio of the concentrations of methanogenic organisms, versus the phthalate isomer and benzoate fermenting organisms, and apparent half-saturation constants (KS) for the methanogens were calculated. By using this combination of measured and estimated parameter values, a reasonable description of intermediate accumulation and methane formation was obtained, with the initial concentration of phthalate fermenting organisms being the only variable. The energetic efficiency for growth of the fermenting organisms on the phthalate isomers was calculated to be significantly smaller than for growth on benzoate.  (+info)

The role of benzoate in anaerobic degradation of terephthalate. (3/2141)

The effects of acetate, benzoate, and periods without substrate on the anaerobic degradation of terephthalate (1, 4-benzene-dicarboxylate) by a syntrophic methanogenic culture were studied. The culture had been enriched on terephthalate and was capable of benzoate degradation without a lag phase. When incubated with a mixture of benzoate and terephthalate, subsequent degradation with preference for benzoate was observed. Both benzoate and acetate inhibited the anaerobic degradation of terephthalate. The observed inhibition is partially irreversible, resulting in a decrease (or even a complete loss) of the terephthalate-degrading activity after complete degradation of benzoate or acetate. Irreversible inhibition was characteristic for terephthalate degradation only because the inhibition of benzoate degradation by acetate could well be described by reversible noncompetitive product inhibition. Terephthalate degradation was furthermore irreversibly inhibited by periods without substrate of only a few hours. The inhibition of terephthalate degradation due to periods without substrate could be overcome through incubation of the culture with a mixture of benzoate and terephthalate. In this case no influence of a period without substrate was observed. Based on these observations it is postulated that decarboxylation of terephthalate, resulting in the formation of benzoate, is strictly dependent on the concomitant fermentation of benzoate. In the presence of higher concentrations of benzoate, however, benzoate is the favored substrate over terephthalate, and the culture loses its ability to degrade terephthalate. In order to overcome the inhibition of terephthalate degradation by benzoate and acetate, a two-stage reactor system is suggested for the treatment of wastewater generated during terephthalic acid production.  (+info)

Antagonist activity of alpha-substituted 4-carboxyphenylglycine analogues at group I metabotropic glutamate receptors expressed in CHO cells. (4/2141)

1. We have investigated the antagonist properties of 6 alpha-substituted phenylglycine analogues based on the structure of 4-carboxyphenylglycine (4-CPG) for group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlu1alpha and mGlu5a) permanently expressed in CHO cells. 2. (S)-4-CPG and (S)-MCPG were the most selective mGlu1alpha receptor antagonists. Longer chain alpha-carbon substitutions resulted in a progressive loss of antagonist affinity at mGlu1alpha receptors but not at mGlu5a receptors. Thus mGlu1alpha receptor antagonists require small aliphatic groups at the alpha-position. Alpha-cyclopropyl-4-CPG showed a tendency towards mGlu5a selectivity, suggesting that bulky groups at this position may favour mGlu5a receptor antagonism. 3. We demonstrate that the mGlu5a receptor displays agonist-dependent antagonism. L-glutamate-induced Ca2+ release in mGlu5a receptor expressing cells was more susceptible to antagonism by cyclic alpha-carbon derivatives than (S)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG)-induced Ca2+ release in the same cell line. 4. The data presented suggests that mGlu1alpha and mGlu5a receptors have different steric and/or conformational requirements for the binding of antagonists and different amino acids which could interact with agonists. 5. These phenylglycine analogues could provide leads for the development of subtype selective antagonists.  (+info)

Mechanisms involved in the metabotropic glutamate receptor-enhancement of NMDA-mediated motoneurone responses in frog spinal cord. (5/2141)

1. The metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) agonist trans-(+/-)-1-amino-1,3-cyclopentanedicarboxylic acid (trans-ACPD) (10-100 microM) depolarized isolated frog spinal cord motoneurones, a process sensitive to kynurenate (1.0 mM) and tetrodotoxin (TTX) (0.783 microM). 2. In the presence of NMDA open channel blockers [Mg2+; (+)-5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5,10-imine hydrogen maleate (MK801); 3,5-dimethyl-1-adamantanamine hydrochloride (memantine)] and TTX, trans-ACPD significantly potentiated NMDA-induced motoneurone depolarizations, but not alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-proprionate (AMPA)- or kainate-induced depolarizations. 3. NMDA potentiation was blocked by (RS)-alpha-methyl-4-carboxyphenylglycine (MCPG) (240 microM), but not by alpha-methyl-(2S,3S,4S)-alpha-(carboxycyclopropyl)-glycine (MCCG) (290 microM) or by alpha-methyl-(S)-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate (L-MAP4) (250 microM), and was mimicked by 3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG) (30 microM), but not by L(+)-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate (L-AP4) (100 microM). Therefore, trans-ACPD's facilitatory effects appear to involve group I mGluRs. 4. Potentiation was prevented by the G-protein decoupling agent pertussis toxin (3-6 ng ml(-1), 36 h preincubation). The protein kinase C inhibitors staurosporine (2.0 microM) and N-(2-aminoethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulphonamide HCI (H9) (77 microM) did not significantly reduce enhanced NMDA responses. Protein kinase C activation with phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate (5.0 microM) had no effect. 5. Intracellular Ca2+ depletion with thapsigargin (0.1 microM) (which inhibits Ca2+/ATPase), 1,2-bis(O-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetracetic acid acetyl methyl ester (BAPTA-AM) (50 microM) (which buffers elevations of [Ca2+]i), and bathing spinal cords in nominally Ca2+-free medium all reduced trans-ACPD's effects. 6. The calmodulin antagonists N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulphonamide (W7) (100 microM) and chlorpromazine (100 microM) diminished the potentiation. 7. In summary, group I mGluRs selectively facilitate NMDA-depolarization of frog motoneurones via a G-protein, a rise in [Ca2+]i from the presumed generation of phosphoinositides, binding of Ca2+ to calmodulin, and lessening of the Mg2+-produced channel block of the NMDA receptor.  (+info)

Long-term suppression of synaptic transmission by tetanization of a single pyramidal cell in the mouse hippocampus in vitro. (6/2141)

1. The consequences of stimulating a single pyramidal cell in the CA1 area of the hippocampus for synaptic transmission in the stratum radiatum were investigated. 2. Tetanic activation of single pyramids caused by depolarizing current injection, but not an equal number of distributed action potentials, reduced excitatory transmission by 20 %, with a delayed onset, for more than 1 h. 3. EPSPs in the tetanized pyramidal cells were increased for equally long periods but this was not the cause of the field EPSP reduction. Spontaneous somatic IPSPs were not affected; evoked IPSPs were decreased in the tetanized cell. 4. Paired pulse facilitation of the field EPSPs was unchanged. 5. The field EPSP reduction was markedly diminished by a knife cut along the base of pyramidal cells in CA1. 6. The addition of antagonists of GABA, NMDA and metabotropic glutamate receptors blocked or diminished the field EPSP slope reduction evoked by intracellular stimulation. 7. Simultaneous recordings revealed long-lasting excitations of interneurons located in the outer oriens layer as a result of single pyramid tetanization. 8. Intense firing of small numbers of pyramidal cells can thus persistently inhibit mass transmission through the hippocampus. This effect involves activation of interneurons by glutamate receptors.  (+info)

Regulation of mitochondrial KATP channel by redox agents. (7/2141)

The ATP-dependent K+ channel (KATP) was purified from the inner mitochondrial membrane and reconstituted into lipid bilayer membranes. KATP activity was inhibited by high concentrations of ATP and ADP, but activated by low concentrations (up to 200 microM) of ADP. p-Diethylaminoethylbenzoate (DEB) acted as a KATP opener: at micromolar concentrations, it reversed inhibition by ATP and ADP and it also prevented KATP rundown. Pelargonidine, extracted from flowers of Pelargonium, reduced spontaneous activity of KATP channels and diminished their potentiation by DEB. Their opposite action on KATP corresponded with their opposite redox properties in reactions with free radicals: DEB behaved as an electron donor, whereas pelargonidine acted as an electron acceptor. We hypothesize that thiol groups on mitoKATP are targets for redox-active ligans.  (+info)

BadR, a new MarR family member, regulates anaerobic benzoate degradation by Rhodopseudomonas palustris in concert with AadR, an Fnr family member. (8/2141)

A cluster of genes for the anaerobic degradation of benzoate has been described for the phototrophic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris. Here we provide an initial analysis of the regulation of anaerobic benzoate degradation by examining the contributions of two regulators: a new regulator, BadR, encoded by the benzoate degradation gene cluster, and a previously described regulator, AadR, whose gene lies outside the cluster. Strains with single mutations in either badR or aadR grew slowly on benzoate but were relatively unimpaired in growth on succinate and several intermediates of benzoate degradation. A badR aadR double mutant was completely defective in anaerobic growth on benzoate. Effects of the regulators on transcriptional activation were monitored with an R. palustris strain carrying a chromosomal fusion of 'lacZ to the badE gene of the badDEFG operon. This operon encodes benzoyl-coenzyme A (benzoyl-CoA) reductase, an unusual oxygen-sensitive enzyme that catalyzes the benzene ring reduction reaction that is the rate-limiting step in anaerobic benzoate degradation. Expression of badE::'lacZ was induced 100-fold when cells grown aerobically on succinate were shifted to anaerobic growth on succinate plus benzoate. The aadR gene was required for a 20-fold increase in expression that occurred in response to anaerobiosis, and badR was responsible for a further 5-fold increase in expression that occurred in response to benzoate. Further studies with the badE::'lacZ fusion strain grown with various kinds of aromatic acids indicated that BadR probably responds to benzoyl-CoA acting as an effector molecule. Sequence information indicates that BadR is a member of the MarR family of transcriptional regulators. These studies expand the range of functions regulated by MarR family members to include anaerobic aromatic acid degradation and provide an example of a MarR-type protein that acts as a positive regulator rather than as a negative regulator, as do most MarR family members. AadR resembles the Escherichia coli Fnr regulator in sequence and contains cysteine residues that are spaced appropriately to serve in the capacity of a redox-sensing protein.  (+info)

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BACKGROUND: Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors reduce major cardiovascular events, but are not tolerated by about 20% of patients. We therefore assessed whether the angiotensin-receptor blocker telmisartan would be effective in patients intolerant to ACE inhibitors with cardiovascular disease or diabetes with end-organ damage. METHODS: After a 3-week run-in period, 5926 patients, many of whom were receiving concomitant proven therapies, were randomised to receive telmisartan 80 mg/day (n=2954) or placebo (n=2972) by use of a central automated randomisation system. Randomisation was stratified by hospital. The primary outcome was the composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, or hospitalisation for heart failure. Analyses were done by intention to treat. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00153101. FINDINGS: The median duration of follow-up was 56 (IQR 51-64) months. All randomised patients were included in the efficacy analyses. Mean ...
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Results Compared with baseline value, AngII (0.1Ī¼mol/l), Telmisartan (0.01 Ī¼mol/l) and AngII plus Telmisartan group significantly decreased the peak density of Ito in SD rat atrial myocytes (22.48Ā±2.75 vs 15.71Ā±2.06 pA/pF, p,0.01), (24.16Ā±2.36 vs 16.15Ā±1.82 pA/pF, p,0.01) and (24.41Ā±2.27 vs 21.35Ā±1.46 pA/pF, p,0.05), respectively. AngII (0.1 Ī¼mol/l) significantly increased the peak density of ICa-L in SD rat atrial myocytes (āˆ’4.51Ā±0.38 vs āˆ’5.16Ā±0.29 pA/pF, p,0.01). Telmisartan (0.01 Ī¼mol/l) had no significant effect on ICa-L in the rat atrial myocytes (āˆ’4.35Ā±0.27 vs āˆ’4.29Ā±0.34 pA/pF, p,0.05), but it could antagonise the effects of AngII. In the Ang IIcombined telmisartan group, the peak density of ICa-L was (āˆ’4.08Ā±0.28 vs āˆ’4.20Ā±0.31 pA/pF, p,0.05), which was significantly different from that of AngII group (p,0.05).. ...
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TY - JOUR. T1 - Microarray immunoassay for phenoxybenzoic acid using polymer encapsulated Eu. T2 - Gd2O3 nanoparticles as fluorescent labels. AU - Nichkova, Mikaela. AU - Dosev, Dosi. AU - Gee, Shirley J.. AU - Hammock, Bruce D.. AU - Kennedy, Ian M.. PY - 2005/11/1. Y1 - 2005/11/1. N2 - Currently, detection in microarray bioanalysis is based mainly on the use of organic dyes. To overcome photobleaching and spectral overlaps we applied a new type of fluorophore, crystalline europium-doped gadolinium oxide (Eu:Gd 2O3) nanoparticles, as labels in immunoassay microarrays. The Eu:Gd2O3 nanoparticles synthesized by spray pyrolysis offer narrow red emission, large Stokes shift, photostable laser-induced fluorescence with a long lifetime (1 ms). The amino functionalization of the particles was achieved by poly(L-lysine) (PL) encapsulation. The formation of a stable PL shell was confirmed by TEM analysis, colloidal stability studies, and quantification of the surface reactive amino groups. The ...
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This was a multicenter, randomized, open label, phase IIb, two-arm study to evaluate the effects of telmisartan on fibrotic and inflammatory contributors to end-organ disease in HIV-infected subjects well controlled on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Participants were randomized 2:1 to the telmisartan and control arms. The participants on telmisartan took 40 mg telmisartan daily during weeks 0-4 followed by telmisartan 80 mg daily during weeks 5-48. The participants in the control arm did not take any study medication, but did undergo all evaluations. All participants were followed for 48 weeks after randomization.. The study clinic visits included Step 1 entry, Step 2 entry, and weeks 4, 12, 24, 36, 48. Biopsies for the primary outcomes were collected at Step 1 entry and Week 48. The evaluations of safety (clinical assessment for signs and symptoms, diagnoses, laboratory tests) were done at Step 2 entry and weeks 4, 12, 24, 36, 48.. The co-primary objectives assessed the effects of telmisartan ...
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Impact of telmisartan on cardiovascular outcome in hypertensive patients at high risk: a Telmisartan Randomised AssessmeNt...Impact of telmisartan on cardiovascular outcome in hypertensive patients at high risk: a Telmisartan Randomised AssessmeNt...
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Chemical Equation Presented) The effect of modification of the electrophilic center from C=O to P=O on reactivity and reaction mechanism has been investigated for aminolysis of Y-substituted phenyl diphenylphosphinates (1a-j) and benzoates (2a-i). The phosphinates 1a-j are less reactive than the benzoates 2a-i. The reactions of 2,4-dinitrophenyl diphenylphosphinate (1a) with alicyclic secondary amines resulted in a linear BrĆønsted-type plot with a Ī² nuc value of 0.38, while the corresponding reactions of 2,4-dinitrophenyl benzoate (2a) yielded a curved BrĆønsted-type plot. Similarly, a linear BrĆønsted-type plot with a Ī² 1g value of -0.66 was obtained for the reactions of 1a-j with piperidine, while the corresponding reactions of 2a-i gave a curved BrĆønsted-type plot. The linear BrĆønsted-type plots for the reactions of 1a-j have been taken as evidence for a concerted mechanism, while the curved BrĆønsted-type plots for the reactions of 2a-i have been suggested to indicate a change in the ...
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The purpose of this observational study is to survey the safety and effectiveness of the product under the real condition of usual practice in Taiwanese hypertensive patients. During the 8-week observation, the safety profiles and the clinical evaluation in between doses through blood pressure (BP) measurement for overall effectiveness of telmisartan therapy will be concluded ...
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Can Scabies Be Treated With Benzyl Benzoate - DrscabiesCan Scabies Be Treated With Benzyl Benzoate - Drscabies
Scabies are well treated with Benzyl Benzoate. But, use it with full instructions of the doctor so that you use it with an appropriate dosage. Remember! An excess usage of Benzyl Benzoate can lead to side-effects. Keep it away from sensitive areas.. Are you suffering from scabies? Then, it can be infectious and theres no doubt that it will make you scratch. The itching is occurred by eggs that are laid by the female responding with your skin and generally lay their eggs around the wrists, lower legs and hands. Scabies can be spread by touching and even sharing of infected clothes, including towels.. With the best possible guideline of doctors and medicines recommended by him, one can cure the disease. Solution for scabies from a doctor may incorporate a cleanser or cream for the tainted regions and in the most pessimistic scenarios, and for the entire body as well. The pharmaceuticals might incorporate chemicals like Malathion, Sulfur, and Benzyl Benzoate.. So, as per our title, yes! Scabies ...
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Is therapy of people with chronic kidney disease ONTARGET? - Semantic ScholarIs therapy of people with chronic kidney disease ONTARGET? - Semantic Scholar
The results of the ONgoing Telmisartan Alone and in combination with Ramipril Global Endpoint Trial (ONTARGET) study were unexpected, demonstrating no cardiovascular or renal benefit but substantial adverse effects of adding an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB), telmisartan 80 mg/day, to an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, ramipril 10 mg/day (dual therapy) vs ramipril alone [1,2]. Those results stirred up a number of commentaries especially from the nephrological community and in most major nephrological journals [3-11]. In this journal, Dr. Abutaleb [10] brings up a number of concerns related to the design and the renal results of ONTARGET, and we will reply to those concerns in the following. From the beginning, we would like to stress that ONTARGET is the only reliable outcome trial at present to build our judgment on dual therapy outside heart failure and one flawed renal study [13,14]. All other evidence comes from randomized controlled studies with only surrogate endpoints and
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Is-therapy-of-people-with-chronic-kidney-disease-O-Mann-Tobe/d2648c79a8a11bd9decb22f6d9b4186647e23412
The effect of short-term perindopril and telmisartan treatment on circulating levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines in...The effect of short-term perindopril and telmisartan treatment on circulating levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines in...
Results: Both perindopril and telmisartan reduced systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Although both agents increased serum levels of IL-10, this effect was more pronounced in patients treated with telmisartan. Neither telmisartan nor perindopril affected circulating levels of uric acid, glucose, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, IL-4, IL-13, and hsCRP. The effect of telmisartan on IL-10 slightly correlated with an improvement in insulin sensitivity. Treatment-induced changes in IL-10 did not ...
https://journals.viamedica.pl/endokrynologia_polska/article/view/EP.a2018.0068
Telmisartan Improves Insulin Resistance of Skeletal Muscle Through Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-Ī“ Activation |...Telmisartan Improves Insulin Resistance of Skeletal Muscle Through Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-Ī“ Activation |...
The mechanisms of the improvement of glucose homeostasis through angiotensin receptor blockers are not fully elucidated in hypertensive patients. We investigated the effects of telmisartan on insulin signaling and glucose uptake in cultured myotubes and skeletal muscle from wild-type and muscle-specific peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) Ī“ knockout (MCK-PPARĪ“āˆ’/āˆ’) mice. Telmisartan increased PPARĪ“ expression and activated PPARĪ“ transcriptional activity in cultured C2C12 myotubes. In palmitate-induced insulin-resistant C2C12 myotubes, telmisartan enhanced insulin-stimulated Akt and Akt substrate of 160 kDa (AS160) phosphorylation as well as Glut4 translocation to the plasma membrane. These effects were inhibited by antagonizing PPARĪ“ or phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase, but not by PPARĪ³ and PPARĪ± inhibition. Palmitate reducing the insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in C2C12 myotubes could be restored by telmisartan. In vivo experiments showed that telmisartan treatment ...
http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/content/62/3/762.short?patientinform-links=yes&legid=diabetes
Telmisartan Improves Insulin Resistance of Skeletal Muscle Through Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-Ī“ Activation |...Telmisartan Improves Insulin Resistance of Skeletal Muscle Through Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-Ī“ Activation |...
The mechanisms of the improvement of glucose homeostasis through angiotensin receptor blockers are not fully elucidated in hypertensive patients. We investigated the effects of telmisartan on insulin signaling and glucose uptake in cultured myotubes and skeletal muscle from wild-type and muscle-specific peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) Ī“ knockout (MCK-PPARĪ“āˆ’/āˆ’) mice. Telmisartan increased PPARĪ“ expression and activated PPARĪ“ transcriptional activity in cultured C2C12 myotubes. In palmitate-induced insulin-resistant C2C12 myotubes, telmisartan enhanced insulin-stimulated Akt and Akt substrate of 160 kDa (AS160) phosphorylation as well as Glut4 translocation to the plasma membrane. These effects were inhibited by antagonizing PPARĪ“ or phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase, but not by PPARĪ³ and PPARĪ± inhibition. Palmitate reducing the insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in C2C12 myotubes could be restored by telmisartan. In vivo experiments showed that telmisartan treatment ...
http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/content/62/3/762.short
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The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the Database ...
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INTRODUCTION. Telmisartan, a nonpeptide molecule, is chemically 4-[(1,4-dimethyl-2-propyl [2,6-1H-benzimidazol]-1-yl) methyl]-[1,1-biphenyl]-2-carboxylic acid and Hydrochlorothiazide is chemically [2S,3aS,6aS]-1-[(2S)-2-[[(1S)-1-(Ethoxycarbonyl)-3-phenylpropyl]amino]-1-oxopropyl] octahydrocyclopenta[b]pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid1. Telmisartan is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist that is highly selective for type 1 angiotensin II receptor. Angiotensin II is the principle pressor agent of the rennin-angiotensin system, with effects that include vasoconstriction, stimulation of synthesis and release of aldosterone, cardiac stimulation, and renal reabsorbtion of sodium. Hydrochlorothiazide is a highly lipophilic, long acting ACE inhibitor. The drug is used for treating blood pressure and congestive heart failure. It effectively reduces both supine and standing blood pressure without significant alteration in the pulse rate. A combination of 40 mg of telmisartan and 5 mg of hydrochlorothiazide ...
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May 2012 - Volume 30 - Issue 5 : Journal of HypertensionMay 2012 - Volume 30 - Issue 5 : Journal of Hypertension
Verdecchia, Paolo; Dagenais, Gilles; Healey, Jeff; Gao, Peggy; Dans, Antonio L.; Chazova, Irina; Binbrek, Azan S.; Iacobellis, Gianluca; Ferreira, Rafael; Holwerda, Nicolaas; Karatzas, Nicholas; Keltai, Matyas; Mancia, Giuseppe; Sleight, Peter; Teo, Koon; Yusuf, Salim; on behalf of Ongoing Telmisartan Alone and in Combination With Ramipril Global Endpoint TrialTelmisartan Randomized AssessmeNt Study in ACE iNtolerant Less ...
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Beyond providing Skin DeepĀ® as an educational tool for consumers, EWG offers its EWG VERIFIEDā„¢ mark as a quick and easily identifiable way of conveying personal care products that meet EWGs strict health criteria. Before a company can use EWG VERIFIEDTM on such products, the company must show that it fully discloses the products ingredients on their labels or packaging, they do not contain EWG ingredients of concern, and are made with good manufacturing practices, among other criteria. Note that EWG receives licensing fees from all EWG VERIFIED member companies that help to support the important work we do. Learn more , Legal Disclaimer ...
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IvermectinIvermectin
Brooks PA, Grace RF (August 2002). "Ivermectin is better than benzyl benzoate for childhood scabies in developing countries". ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivermectin
PermethrinPermethrin
Benzyl benzoate. *DEET. References[edit]. *^ "Permethrin General Fact Sheet". National Pesticide Information Center. Retrieved ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permethrin
FungistaticsFungistatics
"Sodium Benzoate". FBC Industries, Inc. Retrieved 19 February 2015.. *^ "Toxicological evaluation of some antimicrobials, ... Sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate are both examples of fungistatic substances that are widely used in the preservation of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fungistatic
Hormone replacement therapyHormone replacement therapy
Estradiol benzoate. 0.5 mg 1x/week. 1 mg 1x/week. 1.5 mg 1x/week ... Estradiol esters (e.g., estradiol acetate, estradiol benzoate, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hormone_replacement_therapy
Polyestradiol phosphatePolyestradiol phosphate
Estradiol benzoate. C3. Benzenecarboxylic acid. Aromatic fatty acid. - (~4-5). 1.38. 0.72. 7. Short ... Estradiol benzoate. 25-30 mg. 5-10 mga. 0.3-1.7 mg ā‰ˆ 2-3 days. 5 mg ā‰ˆ 4-6 days ... Estradiol benzoate. Vials/ampoules. 0.167, 0.2, 0.333, 1, 1.67, 2, 5, 10, 20, or 25 mg/mL. Progynon-B ... Estradiol esters (e.g., estradiol acetate, estradiol benzoate, estradiol cypionate, estradiol enanthate, estradiol undecylate, ...
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RizatriptanRizatriptan
"Rizatriptan Benzoate - Drug Usage Statistics". ClinCalc. Retrieved 11 April 2020.. *^ "Rizatriptan". MedlinePlus. U.S. National ... "Rizatriptan Benzoate Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Retrieved 18 March ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rizatriptan
Estradiol acetateEstradiol acetate
Estradiol benzoate. Non-polymer. C3. Benzoic acid. Aromatic fatty acid. - (~4-5). 7. Short ... Estradiol esters (e.g., estradiol acetate, estradiol benzoate, estradiol cypionate, estradiol enanthate, estradiol undecylate, ... Natural estrogens considered here include: [...] Esters of 17Ī²-estradiol, such as estradiol valerate, estradiol benzoate and ...
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Valsad districtValsad district
Peentasulphide, Benzoate etc. Vapi United Phosphorus Ltd. Pharmaceutical products, Vapi Sun Pharmaceuticals, SOHAM ACCOUNTING ...
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ATC code A16ATC code A16
A16AX11 Sodium benzoate. A16AX12 Trientine. A16AX13 Uridine triacetate. A16AX14 Migalastat. QA16Q Other alimentary tract and ...
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NaariNaari
Estradiol Benzoate ā€¢ Estradiol Valerate ā€¢ Ethinylestradiol ā€¢ Estriol ā€¢ Levonorgestrel ā€¢ Lynestrenol ā€¢ Nandrolone Decanoate ā€¢ ...
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Tishchenko reactionTishchenko reaction
doi:10.1016/S0926-860X(01)00839-0. Kamm, O.; Kamm, W. F. (1922). "Benzyl benzoate". Organic Syntheses. 2: 5. doi:10.15227/ ... The reaction produces benzyl benzoate. Enolizable aldehydes are not amenable to Claisen's conditions. Vyacheslav Tishchenko ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tishchenko_reaction
SunscreenSunscreen
Diethylamino Hydroxybenzoyl Hexyl Benzoate 10% (EU, JP) EU, JP Uvasorb HEB Iscotrizinol, Diethylhexyl butamido triazone, DBT 10 ...
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DenatoniumDenatonium
... benzoate is used to denature ethanol so that it is not treated as an alcoholic beverage with respect to taxation and ... It is a compound of a salt with an inert anion like benzoate or saccharide. The structure of denatonium is related to the local ... "BitterDB - Denatonium benzoate". Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Retrieved 11 June 2013. Deshpande, D. A.; Wang, W. C. H.; ... In 1995, the U.S. state of Oregon required that denatonium benzoate be added to products containing sweet-tasting ethylene ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denatonium
EmamectinEmamectin
The benzoate salt of emamectin in particular has found widespread use as an insecticide and is approved by the EPA for use in ... "Emamectin Benzoate" (PDF). SERA TR-052-23-03b Human Health and Ecological Risk Assessment. Atlanta GA: USDA/Forest Service. ... "Emamectin benzoate Human Health and Ecological Risk Assessment FINAL REPORT." SESA, USDA Forest Services, 28 Oct. 2010. ... It is generally prepared as the salt with benzoic acid, emamectin benzoate, which is a white or faintly yellow powder. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emamectin
Hippuric acidHippuric acid
Benzoic acid is introduced into the body by ingestion (sodium benzoate is used as a preservative) and by hydrolysis of ... doi:10.15227/orgsyn.012.0040.; Collective Volume, 2, p. 328 Knowles, Charles O. (1991). "22.4.2 Benzyl Benzoate". In Hayes, ... pharmaceutical agents such as benzyl benzoate. Hippuric acid is readily hydrolysed by hot caustic alkalis to benzoic acid and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippuric_acid
Estradiol undecylateEstradiol undecylate
Oestradiol benzoate is short-acting (three days to a week). Oestradiol valerianate is somewhat longer-acting, and oestradiol ... The duration of estradiol undecylate is markedly prolonged relative to that of estradiol benzoate, estradiol valerate, and many ... Along with estradiol valerate, estradiol cypionate, and estradiol benzoate, estradiol undecylate has been used as an ... Estradiol 17Ī², estradiol benzoate, estradiol valerianate, and estradiol undecylate were injected intravenously and ...
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Combined injectable birth controlCombined injectable birth control
Estradiol benzoate / ā€¢ Hydroxyprogesterone caproate. 10 mg EV. 1 mg EB. 250 mg OHPC. Oil solution?. Sin-Olā€ . Discontinued (firm ... Estradiol benzoate butyrate / ā€¢ Algestone acetophenide. 10 mg EBB. 150 mg DHPA. Oil solution?. Redimen, Soluna, Unijab, Unimens ... Estradiol benzoate butyratea. Oil solution. Redimen, Soluna, Unijab. ?. 10 mg. 10 mg ā‰ˆ 21 days ... Estradiol benzoate. Oil solution. Progynon-B. 25-35 mg. -. 5 mg ā‰ˆ 3-6 days ...
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PloiariumPloiarium
Triterpenoid benzoates are also reported from the bark of P. elegans. Leaf extracts contain a diverse array of terpenoids, ... Bennett, Graham J; Harrison, Leslie J; Sia, Guat-Lee; Sim, Keng-Yeow; Connolly, Joseph D (April 1992). "Oleanane benzoates from ...
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BenorilateBenorilate
4-(acetylamino)phenyl 2-(acetyloxy)benzoate. CAS Number. *5003-48-5 N ...
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PreservativePreservative
benzoic acid, sodium benzoate and benzoates used in acidic foods such as jams, salad dressing, juices, pickles, carbonated ... Traditional preservatives, such as sodium benzoate have raised health concerns in the past. Benzoate was shown in a study to ... Studies have found that there may be increases in hyperactivity amongst children who consume artificial colorings and benzoate ... The commonly used sodium benzoate has been found to extend the shelf life of bottled tomato paste to 40 weeks without loss of ...
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Caffeine citrateCaffeine citrate
"Caffeine; Caffeine and Sodium Benzoate Injection; Caffeine Citrate". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. ...
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Ei mechanismEi mechanism
The Pyrolysis of (āˆ’)-Menthyl Benzoate". J. Chem Soc. 453 1715- . Anslyn, E. V.; Dougherty, D. A. Modern Physical Organic ...
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LauraceaeLauraceae
Essential oils include terpenoids, benzyl benzoates, allylphenols, and propenylphenols. Lignans and neolignans are present, ...
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Brassavola nodosaBrassavola nodosa
... benzoates, salicylates, and nerolidol. The diploid chromosome number of B. nodosa has been determined to be 2n = 40 Kew World ...
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Diet CokeDiet Coke
The sodium benzoate was found to break down mitochondrial DNA in living yeast cells. Research published in 2007 for the British ... In January 2008 sodium benzoate was removed from production lines for Diet Coke sold in the UK, however it remains in other ... Crowley, Laura (May 27, 2008). "Sodium benzoate removed from Diet Coke". Archived from the original on August 2, 2010. ... government's Food Standards Agency suggests that sodium benzoate (E211) is linked to hyperactive behavior and decreased ...
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Fish processingFish processing
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish_processing
Calcium propanoateCalcium propanoate
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_propanoate
BiopreservationBiopreservation
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Fruit preservesFruit preserves
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EsterEster
Benzaldehyde reacts with sodium benzyloxide (generated from sodium and benzyl alcohol) to generate benzyl benzoate.[16] The ... "Benzyl benzoate". Organic Syntheses. 2: 5. doi:10.15227/orgsyn.002.0005.. ; Collective Volume, 1, p. 104. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esters
Category:Benzoates - Wikimedia CommonsCategory:Benzoates - Wikimedia Commons
Benzoat (ro); benzoate (fr); benzoate (en); benzoate (en); benzoesan (pl); benzoƔt (cs); benzoat (nn) salt or ester of benzoic ... MultimƩdia na categoria "Benzoates". Esta categoria contƩm os seguintes 9 ficheiros (de um total de 9). ... benzoates (en); benzoesany (pl); benzoan, benzoƔty, benzoany (cs) ... Obtida de "https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Benzoates&oldid=310833731" ...
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Benzyl benzoate - WikipediaBenzyl benzoate - Wikipedia
Benzyl benzoate is produced industrially by the reaction of sodium benzoate with benzyl alcohol in the presence of a base, or ... "Benzyl Benzoate". International Drug Price Indicator Guide. Retrieved 8 December 2016.. *^ a b D.A. Burns (2010), "Diseases ... Benzyl benzoate (BnBzO), sold under the brand name Scabanca among others, is a medication and insect repellent.[1] As a ... Benzyl benzoate is used as a repellent for chiggers, ticks, and mosquitoes.[10] It is also used as a dye carrier, solvent for ...
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Benzoates - WikipediaBenzoates - Wikipedia
Benzoates (salts of benzoic acid) can refer to: Calcium benzoate Magnesium benzoate Potassium benzoate Sodium benzoate This set ...
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Is sodium benzoate safe? - latimesIs sodium benzoate safe? - latimes
... yanked from the shelves of Whole Foods markets for purportedly having a non-natural preservative thought to be sodium benzoate. ... What is sodium benzoate, and should you be worried about ingesting it? The chemical is a preservative commonly found in foods ... When sodium benzoate combines with ascorbic acid (vitamin C) benzene can form, which is a known carcinogen. Factors such as ... Sodium benzoate is produced by a reaction of benzoic acid with sodium hydroxide, which makes it disolve in water. ...
http://articles.latimes.com/2011/sep/08/news/la-heb-skinnygirl-margarita-sodium-benzoate-20110908
sodium benzoate | FactMonstersodium benzoate | FactMonster
benzoate of soda, chemical compound, C 6H 5CO 2Na, colorless or white crystalline, aromatic compound the sodium salt of benzoic ... sodium benzoate sodium benzoate. sodium benzoate or benzoate of soda, chemical compound, C 6H 5CO 2Na, colorless or white ...
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Benzyl benzoate Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.comBenzyl benzoate Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com
Benzyl benzoate definition, a colorless, faintly aromatic liquid, C14H12O2, used chiefly as a fixative and solvent in the ... Words nearby benzyl benzoate. benztropine mesylate, Ben-Zvi, benzyl, benzyl acetate, benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate, benzyl ... A gram of the crystals was heated with concentrated sulphuric acid and alcohol when the odor of ethyl benzoate was noted. ... Besides the hexamethylenamin, Uriseptin contains lithium and a benzoate.. The Propaganda for Reform in Proprietary Medicines, ...
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prenyl benzoateprenyl benzoate
Other names: Benzoic acid, 3-methyl-2-butenyl ester; 2-Buten-1-ol, 3-methyl-, benzoate; 3-Methyl-2-butenyl benzoate ...
http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/inchi/InChI%3D1S/C12H14O2/c1-10
benzoate anionbenzoate anion
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the Database ...
https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C766767&Units=SI&Mask=8
Cholesteryl benzoateCholesteryl benzoate
Browse Cholesteryl benzoate and related products at MilliporeSigma. ... Cholesteryl benzoate. undefined. Synonyms: . CAS 604-32-0. Molecular Weight 490.76. ...
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Trimethylolethane benzoateTrimethylolethane benzoate
... 1,3-PROPANEDIOL, DIBENZOATE 2451-86-7 3-benzoyloxypropyl benzoate 4-09-00-00361 (Beilstein Handbook ... Trimethylolethane benzoate
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POTASSIUM BENZOATE || Skin DeepĀ® Cosmetics Database | EWGPOTASSIUM BENZOATE || Skin DeepĀ® Cosmetics Database | EWG
About POTASSIUM BENZOATE: Potassium Benzoate is a potassium salt of Benzoic Acid (q.v.).. Function(s): Preservative ...
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EWG Skin DeepĀ® | What is SODIUM BENZOATEEWG Skin DeepĀ® | What is SODIUM BENZOATE
Sodium benzoate is a preservative commonly used in foods, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. ...
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Sodium Benzoate Kozakai - Drugs.comSodium Benzoate Kozakai - Drugs.com
A list of US medications equivalent to Sodium Benzoate Kozakai is available on the Drugs.com website. ... Sodium Benzoate Kozakai is a medicine available in a number of countries worldwide. ... Sodium Benzoate Kozakai may be available in the countries listed below.. Ingredient matches for Sodium Benzoate Kozakai. ... Benzoic Acid sodium (a derivative of Benzoic Acid) is reported as an ingredient of Sodium Benzoate Kozakai in the following ...
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Estrone benzoate - WikipediaEstrone benzoate - Wikipedia
Estrone benzoate, or estrone 3-benzoate, is a synthetic estrogen and estrogen ester - specifically, the C3 benzoate ester of ... It led to the development in 1933 of the more active estradiol benzoate, the first estradiol ester to be introduced for medical ...
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Lithium benzoate | Sigma-AldrichLithium benzoate | Sigma-Aldrich
View information & documentation regarding Lithium benzoate, including CAS, MSDS & more. ... Sigma-Aldrich offers a number of Lithium benzoate products. ...
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DailyMed - RIZATRIPTAN BENZOATE tabletDailyMed - RIZATRIPTAN BENZOATE tablet
Benzoate Tablets 5 mg. (N=977). Rizatriptan Benzoate Tablets 10 mg. (N=1167). Placebo. (N=627). ... Rizatriptan benzoate is not to be used to prevent migraine attacks.. Rizatriptan benzoate is not for the treatment of ... How should I store rizatriptan benzoate tablets? *Store rizatriptan benzoate tablets at 68Ā°F to 77Ā°F (20Ā°C to 25Ā°C). [See USP ... How should I take rizatriptan benzoate tablets? *Take rizatriptan benzoate tablets exactly as your doctor tells you to take it. ...
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Sodium benzoate | Definition of Sodium benzoate at Dictionary.comSodium benzoate | Definition of Sodium benzoate at Dictionary.com
Sodium benzoate definition, a white, crystalline or granular, water-soluble powder, C7H5NaO2, used chiefly as a food ... Words nearby sodium benzoate. sodium amide, sodium ammonium phosphate, sodium amytal, sodium arsenite, sodium barbital, sodium ... Formula: (C 6 H 5 COO)NaAlso called: benzoate of soda ... benzoate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium bisulfate, sodium borate, ...
https://www.dictionary.com/browse/sodium-benzoate
Rizatriptan Benzoate Monograph for Professionals - Drugs.comRizatriptan Benzoate Monograph for Professionals - Drugs.com
Rizatriptan Benzoate reference guide for safe and effective use from the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (AHFS DI ... Maxalt (rizatriptan benzoate) tablets and Maxalt-MLT (rizatriptan benzoate) orally disintegrating tablets prescribing ... Rizatriptan Benzoate. Class: Selective Serotonin Agonists. - Antimigraine Agents. - Selective Vascular Serotonin Type 1-Like ... Uses for Rizatriptan Benzoate. Vascular Headaches. Acute treatment of migraine attacks with or without aura in adults1 12 13 ...
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Benzyl Benzoate (Topical Route) Precautions - Mayo ClinicBenzyl Benzoate (Topical Route) Precautions - Mayo Clinic
Washing in very hot water all recently worn clothing and used bed linens and towels, and drying them in a hot dryer for at least 20 minutes. Articles that cannot be washed may be dry-cleaned, pressed with a hot iron, or just placed in a hot dryer ...
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RCSB PDB - 1A8U: CHLOROPEROXIDASE T/BENZOATE COMPLEXRCSB PDB - 1A8U: CHLOROPEROXIDASE T/BENZOATE COMPLEX
The structures of two enzymes complexed with benzoate or propionate identify the binding site for the organic acids which are ... The structures of two enzymes complexed with benzoate or propionate identify the binding site for the organic acids which are ...
https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1A8U
ethyl 4-(4-phenoxybutanoylamino)benzoateethyl 4-(4-phenoxybutanoylamino)benzoate
Benzyl benzoate - definition of Benzyl benzoate by The Free DictionaryBenzyl benzoate - definition of Benzyl benzoate by The Free Dictionary
Benzyl benzoate synonyms, Benzyl benzoate pronunciation, Benzyl benzoate translation, English dictionary definition of Benzyl ... benzoate. n. The univalent organic group C6H5CH2-, derived from toluene. n of, consisting of, or containing the monovalent ... redirected from Benzyl benzoate). Also found in: Thesaurus, Medical, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia.. Related to Benzyl benzoate: ... Benzyl benzoate - definition of Benzyl benzoate by The Free Dictionary https://www.thefreedictionary.com/Benzyl+benzoate ...
https://www.thefreedictionary.com/Benzyl+benzoate
Sodium Benzoate Usp 32 Wholesale, Usp Suppliers - AlibabaSodium Benzoate Usp 32 Wholesale, Usp Suppliers - Alibaba
Wholesale Various High Quality Sodium Benzoate Usp 32 Products from Global Sodium Benzoate Usp 32 Suppliers and Sodium Benzoate ... Tags: Sodium Benzoate Usp 32 , Sodium Benzoate Usp Grade , Sodium Benzoate Preservative , View larger image ... Tags: Manufacturer High Quality China 532-32-1sodium Benzouate Salt , Sodium Benzoate Price , Sodium Benzoate Powder , View ... Tags: Price Of Sodium Benzoate , Cas532-32-1 , Alkyl Benzoate , View larger image ...
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Crystallization of the Complex of D -Amino-Acid Oxidase and Benzoate | NatureCrystallization of the Complex of D -Amino-Acid Oxidase and Benzoate | Nature
On the other hand, the fact that benzoate competes with the substrate, D-amino-acid3,4, indicates combination between benzoate ... It was also found that the co-existence of benzoate, a substrate-substitute, and the apo-protein causes further marked changes ... Hence it may be considered that the apo-protein, flavin adenine dinucleotide and benzoate combine to form a tight complex5. ... These results indicate that both the apo-protein and the benzoate combine with two different binding sites of the isoalloxazine ...
https://www.nature.com/articles/188745a0?error=cookies_not_supported&code=c83929c5-5883-4d5a-85ad-abb00830af6d
CAFFEINE AND SODIUM BENZOATE INJECTION, USPCAFFEINE AND SODIUM BENZOATE INJECTION, USP
CAFFEINE AND SODIUM BENZOATE- caffeine and sodium benzoate injection, solution American Regent, Inc.. ... CAFFEINE AND SODIUM BENZOATE INJECTION, USP. 250 mg/mL. (125 mg/mL Caffeine) 2 mL SINGLE DOSE VIAL. FOR IM OR SLOW IV USE. Rx ... Caffeine and Sodium Benzoate Injection has been used in conjunction with supportive measure to treat respiratory depression ... It is also not known whether Caffeine and Sodium Benzoate Injection can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman ...
https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=b2c6b352-f837-4903-8e4c-fb0a2b20bb60&type=display
Sodium benzoate | HollywoodNews.comSodium benzoate | HollywoodNews.com
HollywoodNews.com , Sodium benzoate. Tag Archives: Sodium benzoate. Bethenny Frankels Skinnygirl Margarita facing a lawsuit. ...
https://www.hollywoodnews.com/tag/sodium-benzoate/
[current-page:url] Properties[current-page:url] Properties
Potassium Benzoate C6H5COOK bulk & research qty manufacturer. Properties, SDS, Applications, Price. Free samples program. Term ... About Potassium Benzoate. Potassium Benzoate is generally immediately available in most volumes. High purity, submicron and ... Related Applications, Forms & Industries for Potassium Benzoate. Benzoates. Chemical Manufacturing. Research & Laboratory. ... Chemicals & Salts Acetates Aluminides Ammonium Sulfates Antimonides Arsenates Benzoate Bromates Bromides Carbonates Chlorides ...
https://www.americanelements.com/potassium-benzoate-582-25-2
Sodium benzoate | C7H5O2Na - PubChemSodium benzoate | C7H5O2Na - PubChem
Sodium benzoate , C7H5O2Na or NaC6H5COO or C6H5COONa or C7H5NaO2 , CID 517055 - structure, chemical names, physical and ...
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/sodium_benzoate
Patent US5334327 - Laterally fluorinated 4-cyanophenyl and 4-cyanobiphenyl benzoates - Google PatentsPatent US5334327 - Laterally fluorinated 4-cyanophenyl and 4'-cyanobiphenyl benzoates - Google Patents
This invention relates to laterally fluorinated 4-cyanophenyl and 4-cyanobiphenyl benzoates, and to liquid crystal mixtures ... and nematic liquid crystal composition containing cyanophenyl benzoate derivatives and liquid crystal display system using the ... and nematic liquid crystal composition containing cyanophenyl benzoate derivatives and liquid crystal display system using the ...
http://www.google.com.au/patents/US5334327
Plus itPlus it
Benzoate of Soda in the Treatment of Acute Rheumatism Br Med J 1881; 1 :336 ... Benzoate of Soda in the Treatment of Acute Rheumatism. Br Med J 1881; 1 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.1.1053.336 (Published ...
http://www.bmj.com/content/1/1053/336
BenzoicMethylAscorbic acidCaffeineContain sodium benzoatePreservativesEstradiol benzoateDenatonium benzoatePowderImpact of sodium benzoateFormulaIngredientKilogramE211Preservative are associatedSynthesisSodium phenylacetatePuritySodaAttention DeficitEthyl benzoatePhenyl benzoatesEmamectin BenzoateRizatriptan benzoateChemicalFood preservativeEINECSDosesPharmaceuticalsMolecularAcidicVitaminCommonlyDefinition
Benzoic26
  • See also Category:Benzoic acid and Category:Benzoate ion . (wikimedia.org)
  • Benzoates (salts of benzoic acid) can refer to: Calcium benzoate Magnesium benzoate Potassium benzoate Sodium benzoate This set index page lists chemical compounds articles associated with the same name. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sodium benzoate is produced by a reaction of benzoic acid with sodium hydroxide, which makes it disolve in water. (latimes.com)
  • While benzoic acid is found naturally in low levels in cranberries and other foods, the sodium benzoate listed on a product's nutrition label is typically synthesized in a lab. (latimes.com)
  • sodium benzoate or benzoate of soda, chemical compound, C 6 H 5 CO 2 Na, colorless or white crystalline, aromatic compound the sodium salt of benzoic acid . (factmonster.com)
  • Potassium Benzoate is a potassium salt of Benzoic Acid (q.v. (ewg.org)
  • The ideal pH for products using potassium benzoate as a preservative is below 4.5 because that is where it exists as benzoic acid. (tech-faq.com)
  • Sodium benzoate converts to benzoic acid when use in acidic mixtures. (sci-toys.com)
  • Benzoic acid has good anti-microbial features, but does not dissolve well in water, whereas sodium benzoate dissolves very well in water. (sci-toys.com)
  • Sodium benzoate and benzoic acid are associated with reduced feed intake and reduced growth and contact urticaria. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • benzyl benzoate Other Names: Benzoic acid benzyl ester No.: 120-51-4 EINECS No.: 204-402-9 MF: C14H12O2. (opencroquet.org)
  • 99.5% Chemical Benzyl Benzoate / Solvent Bb Product Description Benzyl Benzoate CAS No.: 120-51-4 Grade Standard: Medicine Grade Model Number: PC13-21-26 Other Names: Benzoic acid benzyl ester Usage: Animal Pharmaceuticals Purity: 99.00. (opencroquet.org)
  • Benzoates are salts of benzoic acid. (sciencephoto.com)
  • The sodium salt of benzoic acid (sodium benzoate) is used as an antiseptic and a food preservative. (sciencephoto.com)
  • Sodium benzoate is a synthetic additive and preservative made by combining benzoic acid and sodium hydroxide. (organicfacts.net)
  • Sodium benzoate -- and its close relatives benzoic acid and potassium benzoate -- are preservatives that prevent microorganism (yeast, bacteria, etc.) from growing in acidic foods (think pickles or fruit juice). (foodnetwork.com)
  • It specializes in the production, research and development and marketing of Benzoic Acid, Benzyl Benzoate, Polyol Ester of Benzoic Acid, Sodium Benzoate, Benzyl Alcohol and Benzaldehyde. (frbiz.com)
  • Our annual production capacity for Benzoic Acid is 50000 tons, Benzyl Benzoate 4000 tons, Polyol Ester of Benzoic Acid 10000 tons, Sodium Benzoate 20000 tons (including Sodium Benzoate in powder 10000 tons, globular Sodium Benzoate 5000 tons, and columnar Sodium Benzoate 5000 tons), Benzyl Alcohol 5000 tons. (frbiz.com)
  • We are the unique company which produces these chemicals by Toluene Oxidation in the world and the best one to produce and market Benzoic Acid and Benzyl Benzoate in China. (frbiz.com)
  • Sodium benzoate derives from benzoic acid. (jcrows.com)
  • Sodium benzoate is a synthetic chemical produced when benzoic acid, which is found naturally in some fruits and spices, is combined with sodium hydroxide. (naturallysavvy.com)
  • But lab-synthesized sodium benzoate (and its close relative, benzoic acid) are a different story. (naturallysavvy.com)
  • Look for the words "benzoic acid," "benzene," "sodium benzoate," or "benzoate," especially if you also see "citric acid," "ascorbic acid," or "vitamin C." Sodium benzoate is also known as E211. (naturallysavvy.com)
  • However, one cannot put both benzoic acid and sodium benzoate on the label as that is not what the ingredients that actually went into making the carbonated beverage were. (wyzant.com)
  • The nominator expressed concern re health hazards resulting from the aerial spraying of Foray 48b insecticide which contains sodium benzoate & benzoic acid. (nih.gov)
  • Manufacturers have used sodium benzoate (and its close relative benzoic acid) for a century to prevent the growth of microorganisms in acidic foods. (vietworldkitchen.com)
Methyl17
  • Benzyl benzoate is produced industrially by the reaction of sodium benzoate with benzyl alcohol in the presence of a base , or by transesterification of methyl benzoate and benzyl alcohol. (wikipedia.org)
  • Another way to do it in the lab is to react methyl benzoate with potassium thioacetate. (tech-faq.com)
  • The methyl attaches to the thioacetate and the potassium attaches to the benzoate when this reaction occurs, which results in methyl thioacetate and potassium benzoate. (tech-faq.com)
  • It undergoes Electrophilic aromatic substitution, and the nitration of methyl benzoate illustrates this type of reaction. (educationindex.com)
  • The objective of this experiment is to synthesize methyl m-nitrobenzoate from methyl benzoate and will be purified by recrystallization with methanol. (educationindex.com)
  • METHODOLOGY The conical flask was preweighed, and then added 10 drops of methyl benzoate to determine the weight of the methyl benzoate. (educationindex.com)
  • Next, the conical flask was placed containing methyl benzoate in an ice bath. (educationindex.com)
  • Using the Pasteur pipet, the nitrating agent was slowly added to the methyl benzoate solution prepared in the first step. (educationindex.com)
  • Denatonium Benzoate, t-Butyl Alcohol, Diethyl Phthalate, Methyl Alcohol, Salicylic Acid, Sodium Salicylate, and Methyl Salicylate are examples of denaturants permitted for use by the TTB and concluded to be safe for use in cosmetics. (cosmeticsinfo.org)
  • Hello, is there anyone knows the kinetics data of methyl benzoate synthesis by fischer esterification? (physicsforums.com)
  • Methyl gluceth-20 benzoate is a synthetic ester and emollient used to improve product spreadability. (paulaschoice.com)
  • Methyl benzoate. (sciencephoto.com)
  • Molecular model of the organic compound methyl benzoate (C8.H8.O2). (sciencephoto.com)
  • The results of these storage experiments showed that methyl benzoate is a predominant volatile product, even at zero percent humidification. (spiedigitallibrary.org)
  • The average formation of methyl benzoate was found to range from 1.89 ng/min with ambient/dry conditions after one hour to 62 ng.min at 40 degrees C/80 percent RH upon introduction of flowing air. (spiedigitallibrary.org)
  • These results indicate that cocaine hydrochloride exposed to any realistic humidity level in the environment will produce methyl benzoate, a volatile organic material which can be much more readily detected than cocaine hydrochloride itself. (spiedigitallibrary.org)
  • Lindy Espina Dejarme , Rachel E. Gooding , Sara J. Lawhon , Prasenjit Ray , and Michael R. Kuhlman "Formation of methyl benzoate from cocaine hydrochloride under different temperatures and humidities", Proc. (spiedigitallibrary.org)
Ascorbic acid9
  • When sodium benzoate combines with ascorbic acid (vitamin C) benzene can form, which is a known carcinogen. (latimes.com)
  • When potassium benzoate and ascorbic acid (vitamin C) are mixed, and heat and light are added to it, benzene can be formed. (tech-faq.com)
  • In combination with ascorbic acid (vitamin C, E300), sodium benzoate and potassium benzoate "may" form benzene [6] , a known carcinogen . (bionity.com)
  • Sodium or potassium benzoate with ascorbic acid has been shown to produce low levels of benzene in fruit-flavored soft drinks. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • More specifically, benzene can form when sodium benzoate is exposed to ascorbic acid , more commonly known as vitamin C. This combination can be found in certain diet soft drinks, and while many companies have stopped using this sodium salt as an additive, it is still present in some drinks. (organicfacts.net)
  • More alarmingly, sodium benzoate reacts with vitamin C (a.k.a. ascorbic acid) in drinks and forms benzene, a chemical that can lead to leukemia and other cancers. (foodnetwork.com)
  • A more common problem, however, is the combination of sodium benzoate and citric acid and/or ascorbic acid (vitamin C). When these ingredients get together, they form benzene, a cancer-causing chemical associated with leukemia and other blood cancers. (naturallysavvy.com)
  • Another problem occurs when sodium benzoate is used in beverages that also contain ascorbic acid (vitamin C). The two substances, in an acidic solution, can react together to form small amounts of benzene, a chemical that causes leukemia and other cancers. (vietworldkitchen.com)
  • In the early 1990s the FDA had urged companies not to use benzoate in products that also contain ascorbic acid, but in the 2000s companies were still using that combination. (vietworldkitchen.com)
Caffeine23
  • Caffeine and Sodium Benzoate Injection has been used in conjunction with supportive measure to treat respiratory depression associated with overdosage with CNS depressant drugs (e.g., narcotic analgesics, alcohol). (nih.gov)
  • Further CNS depression may occur when already depressed patients are too vigorously treated with Caffeine and Sodium Benzoate Injection. (nih.gov)
  • On October 20, police in Inner Mongolia's Erdos City detained Yang who had a large amount of caffeine and sodium benzoate concealed in his a car. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • Caffeine and Sodium Benzoate Injection (caffeine alkaloid ) is used along with supportive measure to treat respiratory depression associated with over dosage with CNS depressant drugs, such as narcotics. (rxlist.com)
  • Caffeine and Sodium Benzoate Injection is available in generic form. (rxlist.com)
  • Recommended doses of caffeine and sodium benzoate injection vary from 65-325 mg 3 times daily, to 250 mg of anhydrous caffeine in an extended-release formulation once daily. (rxlist.com)
  • Caffeine and sodium benzoate injection may interact with other drugs. (rxlist.com)
  • During pregnancy, caffeine and sodium benzoate injection should be used only if prescribed. (rxlist.com)
  • Our Caffeine and Sodium Benzoate Injection (caffeine alkaloid) Side Effects Drug Center provides a comprehensive view of available drug information on the potential side effects when taking this medication. (rxlist.com)
  • American Regent has caffeine and sodium benzoate 2 mL vials available. (ashp.org)
  • American Regent could not provide a reason for the shortage of caffeine and sodium benzoate injection. (ashp.org)
  • American Regent is the sole manufacturer of caffeine and sodium benzoate injection. (ashp.org)
  • Caffeine and sodium benzoate is labeled for the treatment of acute respiratory depression associated with overdosage of CNS depressant agents, although it is no longer a preferred agent for this indication. (ashp.org)
  • 2,3,4] Caffeine and sodium benzoate is more commonly used off-label for the treatment of postdural puncture headache and in combination with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) to prolong seizure duration. (ashp.org)
  • Do not interchange caffeine citrate with caffeine and sodium benzoate. (ashp.org)
  • Caffeine and Sodium Benzoate 500 mg in 1,000 mL normal saline infused over 1 hour, followed by 1,000 mL normal saline infused over 1 hour. (ashp.org)
  • Caffeine and Sodium Benzoate 500 mg (maximum of 2000 mg) intravenous infused over 20-30 seconds 5 minutes prior to electrical stimulation. (ashp.org)
  • CAFFEINE BENZOATE (CAS 5743-17-9) Market Research Report 2018 aims at providing comprehensive data on caffeine benzoate market globally and regionally (Europe, Asia, North America, Latin America etc. (marketpublishers.com)
  • It captures caffeine benzoate market trends, pays close attention to caffeine benzoate manufacturers and names suppliers. (marketpublishers.com)
  • Besides, the report provides caffeine benzoate prices in regional markets. (marketpublishers.com)
  • In addition to the above the report determines caffeine benzoate consumers. (marketpublishers.com)
  • CAFFEINE BENZOATE (CAS 5743-17-9) Market Research Report 2018 contents were prepared and placed on the website in March, 2018. (marketpublishers.com)
  • Please note that CAFFEINE BENZOATE (CAS 5743-17-9) Market Research Report 2018 is a half ready publication and contents are subject to change. (marketpublishers.com)
Contain sodium benzoate4
  • Coca-Cola and Britvic's Pepsi Max and Diet Pepsi all contain sodium benzoate. (jcrows.com)
  • Over-the-counter and prescription drugs such as pills, cough syrups, and topical medications also can contain sodium benzoate. (naturallysavvy.com)
  • Coke Zero, Sprite) do not contain sodium benzoate and that others (e.g. (naturallysavvy.com)
  • I'd read the fish sauce labels carefully and try ones that don't contain sodium benzoate. (vietworldkitchen.com)
Preservatives8
  • And the preservatives like sodium benzoate, sodium metabisulphite and salicylic acid for better preservation of food and check its wastage. (educationindex.com)
  • 2 Affirmed as GRAS (Generally Recognized As Safe) by the US Food & Drug Administration (FDA), BA and its sodium salt, sodium benzoate (NaB), are perhaps the most globally acceptable preservatives that have managed to avoid the controversy associated with many of the industry's tried-and-true preservatives. (cosmeticsandtoiletries.com)
  • With artificial preservatives falling out of favor, cheesemakers are increasingly on the lookout for benzoate-free enzymes that help guarantee not just cheese but also whey is benzoate-free. (foodnavigator.com)
  • During 2005 to 2007, the FDA conducted a study of various carbonated and fruit beverages that contained sodium benzoate alone and the preservatives along with vitamin C. At that time, they reported that most of the beverages contained less than the maximum allowable amount of sodium benzoate. (naturallysavvy.com)
  • DNA content alterations in Tetrahymena pyriformis macronucleus after exposure to food preservatives sodium nitrate and sodium benzoate. (nih.gov)
  • The toxicity, in terms of changes in the DNA content, of two food preservatives, sodium nitrate and sodium benzoate was studied on the protozoan Tetrahymena pyriformis using DNA image analysis technology. (nih.gov)
  • There are many preservatives which are commonly used in food industries including benzoate group, which is used as bacteriostatic and fungistatic in acidic food and drink such as vinegar, carbonated drinks, jams, fruit juice, and condiments. (hindawi.com)
  • Due to the toxicity of sodium benzoate to human, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential genotoxic effects of sodium benzoate which was one of the food preservatives on human lymphocytes. (hindawi.com)
Estradiol benzoate4
  • It led to the development in 1933 of the more active estradiol benzoate, the first estradiol ester to be introduced for medical use. (wikipedia.org)
  • Estradiol benzoate is an estradiol analog which binds to the human, murine and chicken ERĪ± with IC50 of 22-28 nM. (selleckchem.com)
  • Estradiol benzoate is asynthetic ester, specifically the 3-benzoyl ester, of the natural estrogen, estradiol. (selleckchem.com)
  • Estradiol benzoate is an estradiol analog which contains a benzyl ester at the C-3 position and is often used in combination with a progestin to induce estrus in domestic livestock. (selleckchem.com)
Denatonium benzoate3
  • Denatonium benzoate gets its name from "denatured alcohol", and that is where it is often used. (sci-toys.com)
  • Stepnowski, P. Detection of Denatonium Benzoate (Bitrex) Remnants in Noncommercial Alcoholic Beverages by Raman Spectroscopy. (alfa.com)
  • Rahimi-Movaghar, V. The effects of picric acid (2,4,6-trinitrophenol) and a bite-deterrent chemical (denatonium benzoate) on autotomy in rats after peripheral nerve lesion. (alfa.com)
Powder2
  • Sodium Benzoate, Powder, NF is a tablet and capsule lubricant used in the pharmaceutical formulations. (spectrumchemical.com)
  • Sodium Benzoate, Powder, FCC is a widely used food preservative. (spectrumchemical.com)
Impact of sodium benzoate2
  • Professor Peter Piper, a professor of molecular biology and biotechnology, tested the impact of sodium benzoate on living yeast cells in his laboratory. (jcrows.com)
  • In a laboratory study , scientists evaluated the genotoxic impact of sodium benzoate in cultured human cells. (naturallysavvy.com)
Formula2
  • Sodium benzoate ( E211 ), also called benzoate of soda , has chemical formula C 6 H 5 COO Na . (bionity.com)
  • Benzyl benzoate is an organic compound with the formula C6H5CH2O2CC6H5. (opencroquet.org)
Ingredient2
  • Since sodium benzoate contains a natural ingredient, it is probably safe, right? (naturallysavvy.com)
  • Sodium benzoate is a common food preservative and can be commonly found in the ingredient list of carbonated beverages. (wyzant.com)
Kilogram1
  • Provided you follow a normal diet, and are aware of those products high in this compound, you should limit your intake to 0-5mg of sodium benzoate/kilogram of body weight. (organicfacts.net)
E2112
  • Sodium benzoate is used in many soft drinks and can be identified on the label of the bottle or can as 'sodium benzoate' or E211. (bionity.com)
  • Concerns centre on the safety of E211, known as sodium benzoate, a preservative used for decades by the Ā£74bn global carbonated drinks industry. (jcrows.com)
Preservative are associated2
  • The results suggest that consumption of certain mixtures of artificial food colours and sodium benzoate preservative are associated with increases in hyperactive behaviour in children. (bionity.com)
  • Artificial food colourings and benzoate preservative are associated with hyperactivity in children. (greenmedinfo.com)
Synthesis2
  • Synthesis of benzoyl phenyl benzoates as effective inhibitors for phospholipase A2 and hyaluronidase enzymes. (nih.gov)
  • Phenyl benzoate was used in the synthesis of soluble polyimides using dianhydride/diamine derivatives. (alfa.com)
Sodium phenylacetate2
  • sodium phenylacetate/sodium benzoate is a topic covered in the Davis's Drug Guide . (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Washington Manual , www.unboundmedicine.com/washingtonmanual/view/Davis-Drug-Guide/109174/all/sodium_phenylacetate_sodium_benzoate. (unboundmedicine.com)
Purity2
  • The sodium benzoate preferably has a purity of 99% and a particle size of from about 1 micron to about 3 microns. (google.com)
  • We offer Emamactin Benzoate pesticide which is used in agriculture, with 70% min purity. (tradeindia.com)
Soda3
  • Her talk these days was of formaldehyde, benzoate of soda, and salicylic acid. (dictionary.com)
  • They also ferment readily, although a small percentage of preservative, such as benzoate of soda, will halt spoilage. (dictionary.com)
  • Also called benzoate of soda. (dictionary.com)
Attention Deficit1
  • Another consideration is a possible link between sodium benzoate and ADHD (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder). (naturallysavvy.com)
Ethyl benzoate2
  • A gram of the crystals was heated with concentrated sulphuric acid and alcohol when the odor of ethyl benzoate was noted. (dictionary.com)
  • Ethyl Benzoate acts as an aroma and flavour compound due to the volatile ester group in its structure. (lookchem.com)
Phenyl benzoates3
  • Benzoylation of (hydroxy phenyl) phenyl methanone 2a-g to benzoyl phenyl benzoates 4a-g, a benzophenone analogue, was achieved in good yield. (nih.gov)
  • The in vitro PLA2 enzyme inhibitory activity and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity studies of benzoyl phenyl benzoates are illustrated. (nih.gov)
  • 2012 c and 2013), the structural parameters of substituted picryl benzoates, including (I), show significant differences in the bond distances C1-O7 and C7-O7 if they are compared with analogous distances in other phenyl benzoates reported in the literature (Allen, 2002, Version 5.33). (iucr.org)
Emamectin Benzoate1
  • The RBX Emamectin Benzoate is made by us for use in the field of agriculture. (tradeindia.com)
Rizatriptan benzoate6
  • These highlights do not include all the information needed to use rizatriptan benzoate tablets safely and effectively. (nih.gov)
  • See full prescribing information for rizatriptan benzoate tablets. (nih.gov)
  • Rizatriptan benzoate tablets are indicated for the acute treatment of migraine with or without aura in adults and in pediatric patients 6 to 17 years old. (nih.gov)
  • Rizatriptan benzoate tablets should only be used where a clear diagnosis of migraine has been established. (nih.gov)
  • If a patient has no response for the first migraine attack treated with rizatriptan benzoate tablets, the diagnosis of migraine should be reconsidered before rizatriptan benzoate tablets are administered to treat any subsequent attacks. (nih.gov)
  • Rizatriptan benzoate tablets are not indicated for the prevention of migraine attacks. (nih.gov)
Chemical3
  • The taste of sodium benzoate cannot be detected by around 25 percent of the population, but for those who can taste the chemical, it tends to be perceived as sweet, salty, or sometimes bitter. (bionity.com)
  • The experimental barriers (Ī”Gā€” exp) for solvolyses of 13 dianisylmethyl Z-substituted benzoates in these solvents correlate very well with the Ī”Hā€” calc of the model epoxy ring formation (calculated earlier by the B3LYP-PCM quantum-chemical method). (srce.hr)
  • Since soft drinks and processed fruit drinks are typically the most common sources of sodium benzoate in the diet, you and your children can go a long way toward eliminating this chemical from your life if you stop consuming these beverages. (naturallysavvy.com)
Food preservative1
  • Sodium benzoate is food preservative that inhibits microbial growth. (hindawi.com)
EINECS1
Doses2
  • [1] When given in large doses to laboratory animals, benzyl benzoate can cause hyperexcitation, loss of coordination, ataxia , convulsions , and respiratory paralysis . (wikipedia.org)
  • However, in the author's opinion, doses of sodium benzoate as low as 2.5 g orally three times per week significantly improved mental function in outpatients who had persistent encephalopathy symptoms despite cotherapy with lactulose and rifaximin. (medscape.com)
Pharmaceuticals2
  • Sodium benzoate is a preservative commonly used in foods, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. (ewg.org)
  • The bitterest compound knownDenatonium benzoate is used as an alcohol denaturant and flavor in pharmaceuticals. (alfa.com)
Molecular1
  • Artificial sweeteners are classified in various class depending upon the molecular moiety such as Aspartame which is about 2000 times sweeter than normal sugar, saccharin have to be proven to show qualities of dental decay prevention which causes them to be popular for use in chewing gums and toothpaste, Sodium benzoate which has been used in drugs as a taste masking agent, etc. (sbwire.com)
Acidic4
  • Under acidic conditions, sodium benzoate inhibits growth of bacteria, mold and yeast, extending a product's shelf life, says Randy Worobo, associate professor of food microbiology at Cornell University in New York. (latimes.com)
  • Acidic food or beverages such as fruit juice, pickles, and soft drinks can be preserved with potassium benzoate. (tech-faq.com)
  • Sodium benzoate is used in acidic foods and products to control bacteria, mold, yeasts, and other microbes. (sci-toys.com)
  • Sodium benzoate is a preservative that's found in certain acidic foods (e.g., salad dressings, and pickles), medicines, and cosmetics. (vietworldkitchen.com)
Vitamin2
  • Sodium benzoate has already been the subject of concern about cancer because when mixed with the additive vitamin C in soft drinks, it causes benzene, a carcinogenic substance. (jcrows.com)
  • So aside from an off taste in fish sauce, there are potential ill effects from sodium benzoate, especially when it is combined with absorbic acid (vitamin C). The risk level seems to be low but why risk your health at all if you don't have to? (vietworldkitchen.com)
Commonly2
  • Potassium benzoate is also commonly used for preserving food. (tech-faq.com)
  • Sodium benzoate is commonly used in worldwide food. (hindawi.com)
Definition1
  • Sponsor an extended definition for sodium benzoate for as little as $10 per month. (allwords.com)
SODIUM PHENYLACETATE AND SODIUM BENZOATE (injection, solution, concentrate) | FDA Warnings & Precations | Healthgrades.com
SODIUM PHENYLACETATE AND SODIUM BENZOATE (injection, solution, concentrate) | FDA Warnings & Precations | Healthgrades.com (healthgrades.com)
2,2,5-Trimethyl-4-oxocycloheptyl) benzoate | C17H22O3 - PubChem
2,2,5-Trimethyl-4-oxocycloheptyl) benzoate | C17H22O3 - PubChem (pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)
2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl 4-(aminomethyl)benzoate | C10H10F3NO2 - PubChem
2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl 4-(aminomethyl)benzoate | C10H10F3NO2 - PubChem (pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)
Methyl 3-[(5-methylisoxazol-3-yl)carbonylamino]benzoate | C13H12N2O4 - PubChem
Methyl 3-[(5-methylisoxazol-3-yl)carbonylamino]benzoate | C13H12N2O4 - PubChem (pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)
Benzotriazol-1-yl 4-(dimethylamino)benzoate | C15H14N4O2 - PubChem
Benzotriazol-1-yl 4-(dimethylamino)benzoate | C15H14N4O2 - PubChem (pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)
Ethyl 2-[[2-[1-(4-ethoxyphenyl)tetrazol-5-yl]sulfanylacetyl]amino]benzoate | C20H21N5O4S - PubChem
Ethyl 2-[[2-[1-(4-ethoxyphenyl)tetrazol-5-yl]sulfanylacetyl]amino]benzoate | C20H21N5O4S - PubChem (pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)
Methyl 4-[(3-amino-5-ethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)oxy]benzoate | C13H15N3O3 - PubChem
Methyl 4-[(3-amino-5-ethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)oxy]benzoate | C13H15N3O3 - PubChem (pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)
Methyl 4-[(E)-[3-[(4-bromo-2-methylanilino)methyl]-2,4-dioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-5-ylidene]methyl]benzoate | C20H17BrN2O4S - PubChem
Methyl 4-[(E)-[3-[(4-bromo-2-methylanilino)methyl]-2,4-dioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-5-ylidene]methyl]benzoate | C20H17BrN2O4S - PubChem (pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)
1,3-Dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindol-2-yl)methyl 4-methyl-3-(morpholine-4-sulfonyl)benzoate | C21H20N2O7S - PubChem
1,3-Dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindol-2-yl)methyl 4-methyl-3-(morpholine-4-sulfonyl)benzoate | C21H20N2O7S - PubChem (pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)
Methyl-3-(cyanomethyl)benzoate | VWR
Methyl-3-(cyanomethyl)benzoate | VWR (us.vwr.com)
Category:Benzoates - Wikimedia Commons
Category:Benzoates - Wikimedia Commons (commons.wikimedia.org)
Benzyl benzoate - Wikipedia
Benzyl benzoate - Wikipedia (en.wikipedia.org)
POTASSIUM BENZOATE || Skin DeepĀ® Cosmetics Database | EWG
POTASSIUM BENZOATE || Skin DeepĀ® Cosmetics Database | EWG (ewg.org)
EWG Skin DeepĀ® | What is SODIUM BENZOATE
EWG Skin DeepĀ® | What is SODIUM BENZOATE (ewg.org)
EWG rating for Marcelle CC Cream, Medium, SPF 35; | EWG's Guide to Sunscreens
EWG rating for Marcelle CC Cream, Medium, SPF 35; | EWG's Guide to Sunscreens (ewg.org)
Benzyl benzoate Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com
Benzyl benzoate Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com (dictionary.com)
EWG rating for Block Island Organics Natural Mineral Sunscreen, SPF 30 | EWG's 2018 Guide to Sunscreens
EWG rating for Block Island Organics Natural Mineral Sunscreen, SPF 30 | EWG's 2018 Guide to Sunscreens (ewg.org)
EWG rating for Daylogic Sunscreen Lotion, SPF 30 | EWG's 2020 Guide to Sunscreens
EWG rating for Daylogic Sunscreen Lotion, SPF 30 | EWG's 2020 Guide to Sunscreens (ewg.org)
EWG rating for Alba Botanica Hawaiian Sunscreen Clear Spray, Coconut, SPF 50 | EWG's 2020 Guide to Sunscreens
EWG rating for Alba Botanica Hawaiian Sunscreen Clear Spray, Coconut, SPF 50 | EWG's 2020 Guide to Sunscreens (ewg.org)
Products That Contain BENZYL BENZOATE || Skin DeepĀ® Cosmetics Database | EWG
Products That Contain BENZYL BENZOATE || Skin DeepĀ® Cosmetics Database | EWG (ewg.org)