OrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceHealth Care
BenzoatesBenzoic AcidSodium BenzoateBenzoate 4-MonooxygenaseParabensChlorobenzoatesAzoarcusCatecholsHydroxybenzoatesEstradiolBiodegradation, EnvironmentalOxygenasesCrotonatesDeltaproteobacteriaSorbic AcidHippuratesAnaerobiosisPseudomonasRhodopseudomonasHydrocarbons, AromaticPseudomonas putidaSalicylanilidesCatechol 1,2-DioxygenaseToluenePhenolD-Amino-Acid OxidaseNitrobenzoatesOvariectomyIvermectinXylenesDioxygenasesGentisatesFood PreservativesProgesteroneThaueraAcinetobacterCoenzyme A LigasesAcinetobacter calcoaceticusCyclohexanecarboxylic AcidsMandelic AcidsCinnamomum zeylanicumCastrationAcetatesRhodotorulaBenzyl AlcoholsLuteinizing HormoneIodobenzoatesAcyl Coenzyme ASalicylatesRaccoonsEstrusTrifluralinPhthalic AcidsEstrus SynchronizationHydroxidesMethanospirillumRhodococcusAerobiosisCatechol 2,3-DioxygenaseBromobenzoatesBurkholderiaGene Expression Regulation, BacterialMethaneEctoparasitic InfestationsTrenbolone AcetateDrug ImplantsAstatineFoxesSexual Behavior, AnimalGeobacterPimelic AcidsTick ControlMolecular Sequence DataCarbamoyl-Phosphate Synthase I Deficiency DiseaseBacterial ProteinsGenes, BacterialPeptococcaceaeEstrogensSuccinatesBenzocaineBacteria, AnaerobicDiestrusGuaifenesinKineticsOxidation-ReductionTrialkyltin CompoundsBenzaldehydesArguloidaAminobenzoatesortho-AminobenzoatesHydroxyl RadicalCoenzyme AOperonHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationCulture Media
Benzoates
Derivatives of BENZOIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the carboxybenzene structure.
Benzoic Acid
A fungistatic compound that is widely used as a food preservative. It is conjugated to GLYCINE in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.
Sodium Benzoate
The sodium salt of BENZOIC ACID. It is used as an antifungal preservative in pharmaceutical preparations and foods. It may also be used as a test for liver function.
Benzoate 4-Monooxygenase
An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of BENZOATE to 4-hydroxybenzoate. It requires IRON and tetrahydropteridine.
Parabens
Methyl, propyl, butyl, and ethyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. They have been approved by the FDA as antimicrobial agents for foods and pharmaceuticals. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed, p872)
Chlorobenzoates
Benzoic acid or benzoic acid esters substituted with one or more chlorine atoms.
Azoarcus
A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacteria including species which are often associated with grasses (POACEAE) and which fix nitrogen as well as species which anaerobically degrade toluene and other mono-aromatic hydrocarbons.
Catechols
A group of 1,2-benzenediols that contain the general formula R-C6H5O2.
Hydroxybenzoates
Benzoate derivatives substituted by one or more hydroxy groups in any position on the benzene ring.
Estradiol
The 17-beta-isomer of estradiol, an aromatized C18 steroid with hydroxyl group at 3-beta- and 17-beta-position. Estradiol-17-beta is the most potent form of mammalian estrogenic steroids.
Biodegradation, Environmental
Elimination of ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS; PESTICIDES and other waste using living organisms, usually involving intervention of environmental or sanitation engineers.
Oxygenases
Oxidases that specifically introduce DIOXYGEN-derived oxygen atoms into a variety of organic molecules.
Crotonates
Derivatives of BUTYRIC ACID that include a double bond between carbon 2 and 3 of the aliphatic structure. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that include the aminobutryrate structure.
Deltaproteobacteria
A group of PROTEOBACTERIA represented by morphologically diverse, anaerobic sulfidogens. Some members of this group are considered bacterial predators, having bacteriolytic properties.
Sorbic Acid
Mold and yeast inhibitor. Used as a fungistatic agent for foods, especially cheeses.
Hippurates
Salts and esters of hippuric acid.
Anaerobiosis
The complete absence, or (loosely) the paucity, of gaseous or dissolved elemental oxygen in a given place or environment. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)
Pseudomonas
A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria widely distributed in nature. Some species are pathogenic for humans, animals, and plants.
Rhodopseudomonas
A genus of gram-negative, rod-shaped, phototrophic bacteria found in aquatic environments. Internal photosynthetic membranes are present as lamellae underlying the cytoplasmic membrane.
Hydrocarbons, Aromatic
Organic compounds containing carbon and hydrogen in the form of an unsaturated, usually hexagonal ring structure. The compounds can be single ring, or double, triple, or multiple fused rings.
Pseudomonas putida
A species of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria isolated from soil and water as well as clinical specimens. Occasionally it is an opportunistic pathogen.
Salicylanilides
2-Hydroxy-N-phenylbenzamides. N-phenyl substituted salicylamides. Derivatives have been used as fungicides, anti-mildew agents and topical antifungal agents. In concentrated form may cause irritation of skin and mucous membranes.
Catechol 1,2-Dioxygenase
An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of catechol to muconic acid with the use of Fe3+ as a cofactor. This enzyme was formerly characterized as EC 1.13.1.1 and EC 1.99.2.2.
Toluene
A widely used industrial solvent.
Phenol
An antiseptic and disinfectant aromatic alcohol.
D-Amino-Acid Oxidase
Nitrobenzoates
Benzoic acid or benzoic acid esters substituted with one or more nitro groups.
Ovariectomy
The surgical removal of one or both ovaries.
Ivermectin
A mixture of mostly avermectin H2B1a (RN 71827-03-7) with some avermectin H2B1b (RN 70209-81-3), which are macrolides from STREPTOMYCES avermitilis. It binds glutamate-gated chloride channel to cause increased permeability and hyperpolarization of nerve and muscle cells. It also interacts with other CHLORIDE CHANNELS. It is a broad spectrum antiparasitic that is active against microfilariae of ONCHOCERCA VOLVULUS but not the adult form.
Xylenes
A family of isomeric, colorless aromatic hydrocarbon liquids, that contain the general formula C6H4(CH3)2. They are produced by the destructive distillation of coal or by the catalytic reforming of petroleum naphthenic fractions. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)
Dioxygenases
Non-heme iron-containing enzymes that incorporate two atoms of OXYGEN into the substrate. They are important in biosynthesis of FLAVONOIDS; GIBBERELLINS; and HYOSCYAMINE; and for degradation of AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS.
Gentisates
Salts and esters of gentisic acid.
Food Preservatives
Substances capable of inhibiting, retarding or arresting the process of fermentation, acidification or other deterioration of foods.
Progesterone
The major progestational steroid that is secreted primarily by the CORPUS LUTEUM and the PLACENTA. Progesterone acts on the UTERUS, the MAMMARY GLANDS and the BRAIN. It is required in EMBRYO IMPLANTATION; PREGNANCY maintenance, and the development of mammary tissue for MILK production. Progesterone, converted from PREGNENOLONE, also serves as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of GONADAL STEROID HORMONES and adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS.
Thauera
A genus of gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria able to anaerobically oxidize and degrade toluene.
Acinetobacter
A genus of gram-negative bacteria of the family MORAXELLACEAE, found in soil and water and of uncertain pathogenicity.
Coenzyme A Ligases
Enzymes that catalyze the formation of acyl-CoA derivatives. EC 6.2.1.
Acinetobacter calcoaceticus
A species of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria found in soil and water. Although considered to be normally nonpathogenic, this bacterium is a causative agent of nosocomial infections, particularly in debilitated individuals.
Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids
Mandelic Acids
Analogs or derivatives of mandelic acid (alpha-hydroxybenzeneacetic acid).
Cinnamomum zeylanicum
The tree which is known for its bark which is sold as cinnamon. The oil contains about 65-80% cinnamaldehyde and 10% EUGENOL and many TERPENES.
Castration
Surgical removal or artificial destruction of gonads.
Acetates
Derivatives of ACETIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the carboxymethane structure.
Rhodotorula
A red yeast-like mitosporic fungal genus generally regarded as nonpathogenic. It is cultured from numerous sources in human patients.
Benzyl Alcohols
Alcohols derived from the aryl radical (C6H5CH2-) and defined by C6H5CHOH. The concept includes derivatives with any substituents on the benzene ring.
Luteinizing Hormone
A major gonadotropin secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). Luteinizing hormone regulates steroid production by the interstitial cells of the TESTIS and the OVARY. The preovulatory LUTEINIZING HORMONE surge in females induces OVULATION, and subsequent LUTEINIZATION of the follicle. LUTEINIZING HORMONE consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. Within a species, the alpha subunit is common in the three pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH, LH and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity.
Iodobenzoates
Benzoic acid esters or salts substituted with one or more iodine atoms.
Acyl Coenzyme A
S-Acyl coenzyme A. Fatty acid coenzyme A derivatives that are involved in the biosynthesis and oxidation of fatty acids as well as in ceramide formation.
Salicylates
The salts or esters of salicylic acids, or salicylate esters of an organic acid. Some of these have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.
Raccoons
Carnivores of the genus Procyon of the family PROCYONIDAE. Two subgenera and seven species are currently recognized. They range from southern Canada to Panama and are found in several of the Caribbean Islands.
Estrus
The period in the ESTROUS CYCLE associated with maximum sexual receptivity and fertility in non-primate female mammals.
Trifluralin
A microtubule-disrupting pre-emergence herbicide.
Phthalic Acids
A group of compounds that has the general structure of a dicarboxylic acid-substituted benzene ring. The ortho-isomer is used in dye manufacture. (Dorland, 28th ed)
Estrus Synchronization
Occurrence or induction of ESTRUS in all of the females in a group at the same time, applies only to non-primate mammals with ESTROUS CYCLE.
Hydroxides
Inorganic compounds that contain the OH- group.
Methanospirillum
The sole genus in the family Methanospirillaceae whose organisms are progressively motile by means of polar, tufted flagella. They have been isolated from sewage-sludge and pear waste digesters as well as marine and non-marine habitats.
Rhodococcus
A bacterial genus of the order ACTINOMYCETALES.
Aerobiosis
Life or metabolic reactions occurring in an environment containing oxygen.
Catechol 2,3-Dioxygenase
Catalyzes the oxidation of catechol to 2-hydroxymuconate semialdehyde in the carbazole and BENZOATE degradation via HYDROXYLATION pathways. It also catalyzes the conversion of 3-methylcatechol to cis, cis-2-hydroxy-6-oxohept-2,4-dienoate in the TOLUENE and XYLENE degradation pathway. This enzyme was formerly characterized as EC 1.13.1.2.
Bromobenzoates
Benzoic acid or benzoic acid esters substituted with one or more bromine atoms.
Burkholderia
A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria. Organisms in this genus had originally been classified as members of the PSEUDOMONAS genus but overwhelming biochemical and chemical findings indicated the need to separate them from other Pseudomonas species, and hence, this new genus was created.
Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial
Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in bacteria.
Methane
The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
Ectoparasitic Infestations
Infestations by PARASITES which live on, or burrow into, the surface of their host's EPIDERMIS. Most ectoparasites are ARTHROPODS.
Trenbolone Acetate
An anabolic steroid used mainly as an anabolic agent in veterinary practice.
Drug Implants
Small containers or pellets of a solid drug implanted in the body to achieve sustained release of the drug.
Astatine
Astatine. A radioactive halogen with the atomic symbol At, atomic number 85, and atomic weight 210. Its isotopes range in mass number from 200 to 219 and all have an extremely short half-life. Astatine may be of use in the treatment of hyperthyroidism.
Foxes
Any of several carnivores in the family CANIDAE, that possess erect ears and long bushy tails and are smaller than WOLVES. They are classified in several genera and found on all continents except Antarctica.
Sexual Behavior, Animal
Sexual activities of animals.
Geobacter
A genus of gram-negative, anaerobic, metal-reducing bacteria in the family Geobacteraceae. They have the ability to oxidize a variety of organic compounds, including AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS.
Pimelic Acids
A group of compounds that are derivatives of heptanedioic acid with the general formula R-C7H11O4.
Tick Control
Chemical, biological, or medical measures designed to prevent the spread of ticks or the concomitant infestations which result in tick-borne diseases. It includes the veterinary as well as the public health aspects of tick and mite control.
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Carbamoyl-Phosphate Synthase I Deficiency Disease
A urea cycle disorder manifesting in infancy as lethargy, emesis, seizures, alterations of muscle tone, abnormal eye movements, and an elevation of serum ammonia. The disorder is caused by a reduction in the activity of hepatic mitochondrial CARBAMOYL-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE (AMMONIA). (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp50-1)
Bacterial Proteins
Proteins found in any species of bacterium.
Genes, Bacterial
The functional hereditary units of BACTERIA.
Peptococcaceae
A family of bacteria found in the mouth and intestinal and respiratory tracts of man and other animals as well as in the human female urogenital tract. Its organisms are also found in soil and on cereal grains.
Estrogens
Compounds that interact with ESTROGEN RECEPTORS in target tissues to bring about the effects similar to those of ESTRADIOL. Estrogens stimulate the female reproductive organs, and the development of secondary female SEX CHARACTERISTICS. Estrogenic chemicals include natural, synthetic, steroidal, or non-steroidal compounds.
Succinates
Derivatives of SUCCINIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain a 1,4-carboxy terminated aliphatic structure.
Benzocaine
A surface anesthetic that acts by preventing transmission of impulses along NERVE FIBERS and at NERVE ENDINGS.
Bacteria, Anaerobic
Diestrus
A phase of the ESTROUS CYCLES that follows METESTRUS. Diestrus is a period of sexual quiescence separating phases of ESTRUS in polyestrous animals.
Guaifenesin
An expectorant that also has some muscle relaxing action. It is used in many cough preparations.
Kinetics
The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.
Oxidation-Reduction
A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).
Trialkyltin Compounds
Organometallic compounds which contain tin and three alkyl groups.
Benzaldehydes
Arguloida
An order of CRUSTACEA that are parasitic on freshwater fish.
Aminobenzoates
Derivatives of BENZOIC ACID that contain one or more amino groups attached to the benzene ring structure. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that include the aminobenzoate structure.
ortho-Aminobenzoates
Benzoic acids, salts, or esters that contain an amino group attached to carbon number 2 or 6 of the benzene ring structure.
Hydroxyl Radical
The univalent radical OH. Hydroxyl radical is a potent oxidizing agent.
Coenzyme A
Operon
In bacteria, a group of metabolically related genes, with a common promoter, whose transcription into a single polycistronic MESSENGER RNA is under the control of an OPERATOR REGION.
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
Culture Media
Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.

Separation of molecular species of glucosylceramide by high performance liquid chromatography of their benzoyl derivatives. (1/2141)

The method of separation of glucosylceramide by HPLC was reported. Glucosylceramide was perbenzoylated and separated on a packed muBondapack C18 column, using methanol as eluting solvent. The pattern obtained by HPLC closely resembled that obtained by GLC of the TMS-glucosylceramide, and reflected the molecular species of fatty acid components. This method is reproducible, and sensitive as GLC. This method also can be used for analysis of higher glycolipids.  (+info)

Anaerobic degradation of phthalate isomers by methanogenic consortia. (2/2141)

Three methanogenic enrichment cultures, grown on ortho-phthalate, iso-phthalate, or terephthalate were obtained from digested sewage sludge or methanogenic granular sludge. Cultures grown on one of the phthalate isomers were not capable of degrading the other phthalate isomers. All three cultures had the ability to degrade benzoate. Maximum specific growth rates (microseconds max) and biomass yields (YXtotS) of the mixed cultures were determined by using both the phthalate isomers and benzoate as substrates. Comparable values for these parameters were found for all three cultures. Values for microseconds max and YXtotS were higher for growth on benzoate compared to the phthalate isomers. Based on measured and estimated values for the microbial yield of the methanogens in the mixed culture, specific yields for the phthalate and benzoate fermenting organisms were calculated. A kinetic model, involving three microbial species, was developed to predict intermediate acetate and hydrogen accumulation and the final production of methane. Values for the ratio of the concentrations of methanogenic organisms, versus the phthalate isomer and benzoate fermenting organisms, and apparent half-saturation constants (KS) for the methanogens were calculated. By using this combination of measured and estimated parameter values, a reasonable description of intermediate accumulation and methane formation was obtained, with the initial concentration of phthalate fermenting organisms being the only variable. The energetic efficiency for growth of the fermenting organisms on the phthalate isomers was calculated to be significantly smaller than for growth on benzoate.  (+info)

The role of benzoate in anaerobic degradation of terephthalate. (3/2141)

The effects of acetate, benzoate, and periods without substrate on the anaerobic degradation of terephthalate (1, 4-benzene-dicarboxylate) by a syntrophic methanogenic culture were studied. The culture had been enriched on terephthalate and was capable of benzoate degradation without a lag phase. When incubated with a mixture of benzoate and terephthalate, subsequent degradation with preference for benzoate was observed. Both benzoate and acetate inhibited the anaerobic degradation of terephthalate. The observed inhibition is partially irreversible, resulting in a decrease (or even a complete loss) of the terephthalate-degrading activity after complete degradation of benzoate or acetate. Irreversible inhibition was characteristic for terephthalate degradation only because the inhibition of benzoate degradation by acetate could well be described by reversible noncompetitive product inhibition. Terephthalate degradation was furthermore irreversibly inhibited by periods without substrate of only a few hours. The inhibition of terephthalate degradation due to periods without substrate could be overcome through incubation of the culture with a mixture of benzoate and terephthalate. In this case no influence of a period without substrate was observed. Based on these observations it is postulated that decarboxylation of terephthalate, resulting in the formation of benzoate, is strictly dependent on the concomitant fermentation of benzoate. In the presence of higher concentrations of benzoate, however, benzoate is the favored substrate over terephthalate, and the culture loses its ability to degrade terephthalate. In order to overcome the inhibition of terephthalate degradation by benzoate and acetate, a two-stage reactor system is suggested for the treatment of wastewater generated during terephthalic acid production.  (+info)

Antagonist activity of alpha-substituted 4-carboxyphenylglycine analogues at group I metabotropic glutamate receptors expressed in CHO cells. (4/2141)

1. We have investigated the antagonist properties of 6 alpha-substituted phenylglycine analogues based on the structure of 4-carboxyphenylglycine (4-CPG) for group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlu1alpha and mGlu5a) permanently expressed in CHO cells. 2. (S)-4-CPG and (S)-MCPG were the most selective mGlu1alpha receptor antagonists. Longer chain alpha-carbon substitutions resulted in a progressive loss of antagonist affinity at mGlu1alpha receptors but not at mGlu5a receptors. Thus mGlu1alpha receptor antagonists require small aliphatic groups at the alpha-position. Alpha-cyclopropyl-4-CPG showed a tendency towards mGlu5a selectivity, suggesting that bulky groups at this position may favour mGlu5a receptor antagonism. 3. We demonstrate that the mGlu5a receptor displays agonist-dependent antagonism. L-glutamate-induced Ca2+ release in mGlu5a receptor expressing cells was more susceptible to antagonism by cyclic alpha-carbon derivatives than (S)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG)-induced Ca2+ release in the same cell line. 4. The data presented suggests that mGlu1alpha and mGlu5a receptors have different steric and/or conformational requirements for the binding of antagonists and different amino acids which could interact with agonists. 5. These phenylglycine analogues could provide leads for the development of subtype selective antagonists.  (+info)

Mechanisms involved in the metabotropic glutamate receptor-enhancement of NMDA-mediated motoneurone responses in frog spinal cord. (5/2141)

1. The metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) agonist trans-(+/-)-1-amino-1,3-cyclopentanedicarboxylic acid (trans-ACPD) (10-100 microM) depolarized isolated frog spinal cord motoneurones, a process sensitive to kynurenate (1.0 mM) and tetrodotoxin (TTX) (0.783 microM). 2. In the presence of NMDA open channel blockers [Mg2+; (+)-5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5,10-imine hydrogen maleate (MK801); 3,5-dimethyl-1-adamantanamine hydrochloride (memantine)] and TTX, trans-ACPD significantly potentiated NMDA-induced motoneurone depolarizations, but not alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-proprionate (AMPA)- or kainate-induced depolarizations. 3. NMDA potentiation was blocked by (RS)-alpha-methyl-4-carboxyphenylglycine (MCPG) (240 microM), but not by alpha-methyl-(2S,3S,4S)-alpha-(carboxycyclopropyl)-glycine (MCCG) (290 microM) or by alpha-methyl-(S)-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate (L-MAP4) (250 microM), and was mimicked by 3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG) (30 microM), but not by L(+)-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate (L-AP4) (100 microM). Therefore, trans-ACPD's facilitatory effects appear to involve group I mGluRs. 4. Potentiation was prevented by the G-protein decoupling agent pertussis toxin (3-6 ng ml(-1), 36 h preincubation). The protein kinase C inhibitors staurosporine (2.0 microM) and N-(2-aminoethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulphonamide HCI (H9) (77 microM) did not significantly reduce enhanced NMDA responses. Protein kinase C activation with phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate (5.0 microM) had no effect. 5. Intracellular Ca2+ depletion with thapsigargin (0.1 microM) (which inhibits Ca2+/ATPase), 1,2-bis(O-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetracetic acid acetyl methyl ester (BAPTA-AM) (50 microM) (which buffers elevations of [Ca2+]i), and bathing spinal cords in nominally Ca2+-free medium all reduced trans-ACPD's effects. 6. The calmodulin antagonists N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulphonamide (W7) (100 microM) and chlorpromazine (100 microM) diminished the potentiation. 7. In summary, group I mGluRs selectively facilitate NMDA-depolarization of frog motoneurones via a G-protein, a rise in [Ca2+]i from the presumed generation of phosphoinositides, binding of Ca2+ to calmodulin, and lessening of the Mg2+-produced channel block of the NMDA receptor.  (+info)

Long-term suppression of synaptic transmission by tetanization of a single pyramidal cell in the mouse hippocampus in vitro. (6/2141)

1. The consequences of stimulating a single pyramidal cell in the CA1 area of the hippocampus for synaptic transmission in the stratum radiatum were investigated. 2. Tetanic activation of single pyramids caused by depolarizing current injection, but not an equal number of distributed action potentials, reduced excitatory transmission by 20 %, with a delayed onset, for more than 1 h. 3. EPSPs in the tetanized pyramidal cells were increased for equally long periods but this was not the cause of the field EPSP reduction. Spontaneous somatic IPSPs were not affected; evoked IPSPs were decreased in the tetanized cell. 4. Paired pulse facilitation of the field EPSPs was unchanged. 5. The field EPSP reduction was markedly diminished by a knife cut along the base of pyramidal cells in CA1. 6. The addition of antagonists of GABA, NMDA and metabotropic glutamate receptors blocked or diminished the field EPSP slope reduction evoked by intracellular stimulation. 7. Simultaneous recordings revealed long-lasting excitations of interneurons located in the outer oriens layer as a result of single pyramid tetanization. 8. Intense firing of small numbers of pyramidal cells can thus persistently inhibit mass transmission through the hippocampus. This effect involves activation of interneurons by glutamate receptors.  (+info)

Regulation of mitochondrial KATP channel by redox agents. (7/2141)

The ATP-dependent K+ channel (KATP) was purified from the inner mitochondrial membrane and reconstituted into lipid bilayer membranes. KATP activity was inhibited by high concentrations of ATP and ADP, but activated by low concentrations (up to 200 microM) of ADP. p-Diethylaminoethylbenzoate (DEB) acted as a KATP opener: at micromolar concentrations, it reversed inhibition by ATP and ADP and it also prevented KATP rundown. Pelargonidine, extracted from flowers of Pelargonium, reduced spontaneous activity of KATP channels and diminished their potentiation by DEB. Their opposite action on KATP corresponded with their opposite redox properties in reactions with free radicals: DEB behaved as an electron donor, whereas pelargonidine acted as an electron acceptor. We hypothesize that thiol groups on mitoKATP are targets for redox-active ligans.  (+info)

BadR, a new MarR family member, regulates anaerobic benzoate degradation by Rhodopseudomonas palustris in concert with AadR, an Fnr family member. (8/2141)

A cluster of genes for the anaerobic degradation of benzoate has been described for the phototrophic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris. Here we provide an initial analysis of the regulation of anaerobic benzoate degradation by examining the contributions of two regulators: a new regulator, BadR, encoded by the benzoate degradation gene cluster, and a previously described regulator, AadR, whose gene lies outside the cluster. Strains with single mutations in either badR or aadR grew slowly on benzoate but were relatively unimpaired in growth on succinate and several intermediates of benzoate degradation. A badR aadR double mutant was completely defective in anaerobic growth on benzoate. Effects of the regulators on transcriptional activation were monitored with an R. palustris strain carrying a chromosomal fusion of 'lacZ to the badE gene of the badDEFG operon. This operon encodes benzoyl-coenzyme A (benzoyl-CoA) reductase, an unusual oxygen-sensitive enzyme that catalyzes the benzene ring reduction reaction that is the rate-limiting step in anaerobic benzoate degradation. Expression of badE::'lacZ was induced 100-fold when cells grown aerobically on succinate were shifted to anaerobic growth on succinate plus benzoate. The aadR gene was required for a 20-fold increase in expression that occurred in response to anaerobiosis, and badR was responsible for a further 5-fold increase in expression that occurred in response to benzoate. Further studies with the badE::'lacZ fusion strain grown with various kinds of aromatic acids indicated that BadR probably responds to benzoyl-CoA acting as an effector molecule. Sequence information indicates that BadR is a member of the MarR family of transcriptional regulators. These studies expand the range of functions regulated by MarR family members to include anaerobic aromatic acid degradation and provide an example of a MarR-type protein that acts as a positive regulator rather than as a negative regulator, as do most MarR family members. AadR resembles the Escherichia coli Fnr regulator in sequence and contains cysteine residues that are spaced appropriately to serve in the capacity of a redox-sensing protein.  (+info)

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Effects Of angiotensin II and Telmisartan on transient outward potassium and L-type calcium currents in Sprague-Dawley rat...Effects Of angiotensin II and Telmisartan on transient outward potassium and L-type calcium currents in Sprague-Dawley rat...
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This was a multicenter, randomized, open label, phase IIb, two-arm study to evaluate the effects of telmisartan on fibrotic and inflammatory contributors to end-organ disease in HIV-infected subjects well controlled on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Participants were randomized 2:1 to the telmisartan and control arms. The participants on telmisartan took 40 mg telmisartan daily during weeks 0-4 followed by telmisartan 80 mg daily during weeks 5-48. The participants in the control arm did not take any study medication, but did undergo all evaluations. All participants were followed for 48 weeks after randomization.. The study clinic visits included Step 1 entry, Step 2 entry, and weeks 4, 12, 24, 36, 48. Biopsies for the primary outcomes were collected at Step 1 entry and Week 48. The evaluations of safety (clinical assessment for signs and symptoms, diagnoses, laboratory tests) were done at Step 2 entry and weeks 4, 12, 24, 36, 48.. The co-primary objectives assessed the effects of telmisartan ...
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Can Scabies Be Treated With Benzyl Benzoate - DrscabiesCan Scabies Be Treated With Benzyl Benzoate - Drscabies
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Is therapy of people with chronic kidney disease ONTARGET? - Semantic ScholarIs therapy of people with chronic kidney disease ONTARGET? - Semantic Scholar
The results of the ONgoing Telmisartan Alone and in combination with Ramipril Global Endpoint Trial (ONTARGET) study were unexpected, demonstrating no cardiovascular or renal benefit but substantial adverse effects of adding an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB), telmisartan 80 mg/day, to an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, ramipril 10 mg/day (dual therapy) vs ramipril alone [1,2]. Those results stirred up a number of commentaries especially from the nephrological community and in most major nephrological journals [3-11]. In this journal, Dr. Abutaleb [10] brings up a number of concerns related to the design and the renal results of ONTARGET, and we will reply to those concerns in the following. From the beginning, we would like to stress that ONTARGET is the only reliable outcome trial at present to build our judgment on dual therapy outside heart failure and one flawed renal study [13,14]. All other evidence comes from randomized controlled studies with only surrogate endpoints and
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Is-therapy-of-people-with-chronic-kidney-disease-O-Mann-Tobe/d2648c79a8a11bd9decb22f6d9b4186647e23412
The effect of short-term perindopril and telmisartan treatment on circulating levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines in...The effect of short-term perindopril and telmisartan treatment on circulating levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines in...
Results: Both perindopril and telmisartan reduced systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Although both agents increased serum levels of IL-10, this effect was more pronounced in patients treated with telmisartan. Neither telmisartan nor perindopril affected circulating levels of uric acid, glucose, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, IL-4, IL-13, and hsCRP. The effect of telmisartan on IL-10 slightly correlated with an improvement in insulin sensitivity. Treatment-induced changes in IL-10 did not ...
https://journals.viamedica.pl/endokrynologia_polska/article/view/EP.a2018.0068
Telmisartan Improves Insulin Resistance of Skeletal Muscle Through Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-δ Activation |...Telmisartan Improves Insulin Resistance of Skeletal Muscle Through Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-δ Activation |...
The mechanisms of the improvement of glucose homeostasis through angiotensin receptor blockers are not fully elucidated in hypertensive patients. We investigated the effects of telmisartan on insulin signaling and glucose uptake in cultured myotubes and skeletal muscle from wild-type and muscle-specific peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) δ knockout (MCK-PPARδ−/−) mice. Telmisartan increased PPARδ expression and activated PPARδ transcriptional activity in cultured C2C12 myotubes. In palmitate-induced insulin-resistant C2C12 myotubes, telmisartan enhanced insulin-stimulated Akt and Akt substrate of 160 kDa (AS160) phosphorylation as well as Glut4 translocation to the plasma membrane. These effects were inhibited by antagonizing PPARδ or phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase, but not by PPARγ and PPARα inhibition. Palmitate reducing the insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in C2C12 myotubes could be restored by telmisartan. In vivo experiments showed that telmisartan treatment ...
http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/content/62/3/762.short?patientinform-links=yes&legid=diabetes
Telmisartan Improves Insulin Resistance of Skeletal Muscle Through Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-δ Activation |...Telmisartan Improves Insulin Resistance of Skeletal Muscle Through Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-δ Activation |...
The mechanisms of the improvement of glucose homeostasis through angiotensin receptor blockers are not fully elucidated in hypertensive patients. We investigated the effects of telmisartan on insulin signaling and glucose uptake in cultured myotubes and skeletal muscle from wild-type and muscle-specific peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) δ knockout (MCK-PPARδ−/−) mice. Telmisartan increased PPARδ expression and activated PPARδ transcriptional activity in cultured C2C12 myotubes. In palmitate-induced insulin-resistant C2C12 myotubes, telmisartan enhanced insulin-stimulated Akt and Akt substrate of 160 kDa (AS160) phosphorylation as well as Glut4 translocation to the plasma membrane. These effects were inhibited by antagonizing PPARδ or phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase, but not by PPARγ and PPARα inhibition. Palmitate reducing the insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in C2C12 myotubes could be restored by telmisartan. In vivo experiments showed that telmisartan treatment ...
http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/content/62/3/762.short
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INTRODUCTION. Telmisartan, a nonpeptide molecule, is chemically 4-[(1,4-dimethyl-2-propyl [2,6-1H-benzimidazol]-1-yl) methyl]-[1,1-biphenyl]-2-carboxylic acid and Hydrochlorothiazide is chemically [2S,3aS,6aS]-1-[(2S)-2-[[(1S)-1-(Ethoxycarbonyl)-3-phenylpropyl]amino]-1-oxopropyl] octahydrocyclopenta[b]pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid1. Telmisartan is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist that is highly selective for type 1 angiotensin II receptor. Angiotensin II is the principle pressor agent of the rennin-angiotensin system, with effects that include vasoconstriction, stimulation of synthesis and release of aldosterone, cardiac stimulation, and renal reabsorbtion of sodium. Hydrochlorothiazide is a highly lipophilic, long acting ACE inhibitor. The drug is used for treating blood pressure and congestive heart failure. It effectively reduces both supine and standing blood pressure without significant alteration in the pulse rate. A combination of 40 mg of telmisartan and 5 mg of hydrochlorothiazide ...
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May 2012 - Volume 30 - Issue 5 : Journal of HypertensionMay 2012 - Volume 30 - Issue 5 : Journal of Hypertension
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Beyond providing Skin Deep® as an educational tool for consumers, EWG offers its EWG VERIFIED™ mark as a quick and easily identifiable way of conveying personal care products that meet EWGs strict health criteria. Before a company can use EWG VERIFIEDTM on such products, the company must show that it fully discloses the products ingredients on their labels or packaging, they do not contain EWG ingredients of concern, and are made with good manufacturing practices, among other criteria. Note that EWG receives licensing fees from all EWG VERIFIED member companies that help to support the important work we do. Learn more , Legal Disclaimer ...
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BenzoatesBenzoates
... (salts of benzoic acid) can refer to: Ammonium benzoate Calcium benzoate Magnesium benzoate Potassium benzoate Sodium ... benzoate This set index page lists chemical compounds articles associated with the same name. If an internal link led you here ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzoates
Estrone benzoateEstrone benzoate
... , or estrone 3-benzoate, is a synthetic estrogen and estrogen ester - specifically, the C3 benzoate ester of ... It led to the development in 1933 of the more active estradiol benzoate, the first estradiol ester to be introduced for medical ... Benzoate esters, Estrone esters, Ketones, Prodrugs, Synthetic estrogens, All stub articles, Steroid stubs, Genito-urinary ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrone_benzoate
Copper benzoateCopper benzoate
... copper benzoate can be made by combining aqueous solutions of potassium benzoate with copper sulfate. Copper benzoate ... Copper benzoate made from sodium benzoate for use in fireworks may result in strong yellow dilution of the flame unless the ... Copper(II) benzoates exists in at least two structural forms, depending on the degree of hydration. As of copper(II) acetate, ... Copper benzoate is the chemical compound with the formula Cu(C6H5CO2)2. This coordination complex is derived from the cupric ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_benzoate
Potassium benzoatePotassium benzoate
... is also used in the whistle in many fireworks. One very common way to make potassium benzoate is by ... Another way to synthesize potassium benzoate in the lab setting is by hydrolyzing methyl benzoate with potassium hydroxide. The ... 1610: C=O from carbonyl 1580: C=C from benzene ring Sodium benzoate "Potassium Benzoate". Emerald Kalama Chemical. Retrieved ... "Preparation of potassium benzoate", published 1975-02-18, assigned to The Dow Chemical Company "Benzoates" (PDF). United ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium_benzoate
Sodium benzoateSodium benzoate
... has been replaced by potassium sorbate in the majority of soft drinks in the United Kingdom. Sodium benzoate ... Sodium benzoate, along with phenylbutyrate, is used to treat hyperammonemia. Sodium benzoate, along with caffeine, is used to ... In combination with ascorbic acid (vitamin C, E300), sodium benzoate and potassium benzoate may form benzene. In 2006, the Food ... mayoclinic.org, Caffeine And Sodium Benzoate (Injection Route) ebi.ac.uk, CHEBI:32140 - sodium caffeine benzoate Krebs H. A., ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_benzoate
Ethyl benzoateEthyl benzoate
... , C9H10O2, is the ester formed by the condensation of benzoic acid and ethanol. It is a colorless liquid that is ... A simple and commonly used method for the preparation of ethyl benzoate in laboratory is the acidic esterification of benzoic ... As with many volatile esters, ethyl benzoate has a pleasant odor described as sweet, wintergreen, fruity, medicinal, cherry, ... Benzoate esters, Perfume ingredients, Flavors, Sweet-smelling chemicals). ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethyl_benzoate
Androstanolone benzoateAndrostanolone benzoate
... also known as stanolone benzoate or dihydrotestosterone benzoate (DHTB), as well as 5α-androstan-17β-ol-3-one 17β-benzoate, is ... Androstanolone benzoate (brand names Ermalone-Amp, Hermalone, Sarcosan), ... Benzoate esters, Dihydrotestosterone esters, Prodrugs, All stub articles, Genito-urinary system drug stubs, Steroid stubs). ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Androstanolone_benzoate
Propyl benzoatePropyl benzoate
... can be synthesized by the transesterification of methyl benzoate with propanol. Propyl benzoate can also be ... Propyl benzoate is an organic chemical compound used as a food additive. It is an ester. Propyl benzoate has a nutty odor and ... Benzoate esters, All stub articles, Ester stubs). ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propyl_benzoate
Cholesteryl benzoateCholesteryl benzoate
... , also called 5-cholesten-3-yl benzoate, is an organic chemical, an ester of cholesterol and benzoic acid. ... Cholesteryl benzoate was the first material in which liquid crystal properties were discovered. In the late 1880s Friedrich ... Reinitzer, an Austrian botanist, while studying the chemicals in plants, heated cholesteryl benzoate. At 145 °C the material ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholesteryl_benzoate
Estradiol benzoateEstradiol benzoate
... is the generic name of the drug and its INN, BANM, and JAN, while oestradiol benzoate was formerly its BANM ... Estradiol benzoate is of about 38% higher molecular weight than estradiol due to the presence of its C3 benzoate ester. Because ... Estradiol benzoate is a synthetic estrane steroid and the C3 benzoate (benzenecarboxylate) ester of estradiol. It is also known ... The medical uses of estradiol benzoate are the same as those of estradiol and other estrogens. Estradiol benzoate is used in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estradiol_benzoate
Magnesium benzoateMagnesium benzoate
... is a chemical compound formed from magnesium and benzoic acid. It was once used to treat gout and arthritis ... Benzoates, Magnesium compounds, All stub articles, Organic compound stubs). ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium_benzoate
Methyl benzoateMethyl benzoate
... is formed by the condensation of methanol and benzoic acid, in presence of a strong acid. Methyl benzoate ... illustrated by hydrolysis with addition of aqueous NaOH to give methanol and sodium benzoate. Methyl benzoate can be isolated ... Methyl benzoate is an organic compound. It is an ester with the chemical formula C6H5CO2CH3. It is a colorless liquid that is ... Methyl benzoate has a pleasant smell, strongly reminiscent of the fruit of the feijoa tree, and it is used in perfumery. It ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methyl_benzoate
Calcium benzoateCalcium benzoate
doi:10.1107/S0567740881005037 Sodium benzoate Potassium benzoate v t e (Articles with short description, Short description ... Calcium benzoate refers to the calcium salt of benzoic acid. When used in the food industry as a preservative, its E number is ... Benzoates, Calcium compounds, E-number additives, All stub articles, Organic compound stubs). ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_benzoate
Ammonium benzoateAmmonium benzoate
... , a white solid, is the ammonium salt of benzoic acid. This compound is prepared by the reaction of benzoic ... and thermodynamic study of ammonium benzoate C7H5O2NH4(s)". Thermochimica Acta. 502 (1-2): 14-19. doi:10.1016/j.tca.2010.01.021 ... Benzoates, All stub articles, Aromatic compound stubs). ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammonium_benzoate
Testosterone benzoateTestosterone benzoate
... , or testosterone 17β-benzoate, also known as androst-4-en-17β-ol-3-one 17β-benzoate, is a synthetic, ... Benzoate esters, Enones, Prodrugs, Testosterone esters, All stub articles, Steroid stubs, Genito-urinary system drug stubs). ... injected anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) and an androgen ester - specifically, the benzoate C17β ester of testosterone - ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testosterone_benzoate
Ethinylestradiol benzoateEthinylestradiol benzoate
... , or 17α-ethynylestradiol 3-benzoate, is a synthetic estrogen and estrogen ester - specifically, the ... Benzoate esters, Tertiary alcohols, Estranes, Estrogen esters, Prodrugs, Synthetic estrogens, All stub articles, Steroid stubs ... C3 benzoate ester of ethinylestradiol - which was first described in the late 1930s and was never marketed. List of estrogen ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethinylestradiol_benzoate
Benzyl benzoateBenzyl benzoate
... is produced industrially by the reaction of sodium benzoate with benzyl chloride in the presence of a base, or ... Benzyl benzoate is used as a topical acaricide, scabicide, and pediculicide in veterinary hospitals. Benzyl benzoate is used as ... Benzyl benzoate is an organic compound which is used as a medication and insect repellent. As a medication it is used to treat ... Benzyl benzoate can be a skin irritant when used as a topical scabicide. Overdose can result in blistering and hives or a rash ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzyl_benzoate
Benzoate 4-monooxygenaseBenzoate 4-monooxygenase
This enzyme participates in benzoate degradation via hydroxylation and benzoate degradation via coa ligation. It has 3 ... benzoate 4-hydroxylase, benzoic 4-hydroxylase, benzoate-p-hydroxylase, and p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase. ... In enzymology, a benzoate 4-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.14.92, Formerly EC 1.14.13.12) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is benzoate,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (4-hydroxylating). Other names in common use ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzoate_4-monooxygenase
Estradiol benzoate butyrateEstradiol benzoate butyrate
It is also known as estradiol 3-benzoate 17β-n-butyrate or as estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17β-diol 3-benzoate 17β-n-butyrate. The ... Estradiol benzoate butyrate (EBB), sold under the brand names Neolutin N, Redimen, Soluna, and Unijab and formerly known under ... "Β-Estradiol-3-benzoate 17-N-butyrate , C29H34O4 , ChemSpider". Korenchevsky V, Burbank R, Hall K (March 1939). "The action of ... The oestradiol benzoate butyrate and dipropionate were supplied by Dr. Miescher (of Ciba Ltd.) who recently described their ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estradiol_benzoate_butyrate
Estriol acetate benzoateEstriol acetate benzoate
... (JAN) (brand name Holin-Depot), or oestriol diacetate benzoate (BAN), is an estrogen medication. It is ... Benzoate esters, Estriol esters, Estrogens, Phenols, Triols, All stub articles, Genito-urinary system drug stubs, Steroid stubs ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estriol_acetate_benzoate
Benzoate-CoA ligaseBenzoate-CoA ligase
In enzymology, a benzoate-CoA ligase (EC 6.2.1.25) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP + benzoate + CoA ⇌ {\ ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is benzoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming). Other names in common use include benzoate- ... Hutber GN; Ribbons DW (1983). "Involvement of coenzyme-A esters in the metabolism of benzoate and cyclohexanecarboxylate by ... Schennen U, Braun K, Knackmuss HJ (1985). "Anaerobic degradation of 2-fluorobenzoate by benzoate-degrading, denitrifying ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzoate—CoA_ligase
Benzoate:H symporterBenzoate:H symporter
The generalized transport reaction catalyzed by BenE of A. calcoaceticus is: Benzoate (out) + H+ (out) → Benzoate (in) + H+ (in ... The benzoate:H symporter (BenE) family (TC# 2.A.46) is a member of the APC Superfamily. The BenE family contains only two ... "2.A.46 The Benzoate:H Symporter (BenE) Family". Transporter Classification Database. Saier Lab Bioinformatics Group @ UCSD / ... functionally characterized and sequenced members, the benzoate permeases of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus and E. coli. These ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzoate:H_symporter
Estradiol 17β-benzoateEstradiol 17β-benzoate
... (E2-17B) is an estrogen and an estrogen ester-specifically, the C17β benzoate ester of estradiol-which ... estradiol 3-benzoate; Progynon-B). Estradiol 17β-benzoate was first described in the 1930s. List of estrogen esters § Estradiol ... It is the C17β positional isomer of the better-known and clinically used estradiol ester estradiol benzoate ( ... Benzoate esters, Estradiol esters, Prodrugs, Secondary alcohols, Synthetic estrogens, All stub articles, Steroid stubs, Genito- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estradiol_17β-benzoate
Benzoate 1,2-dioxygenaseBenzoate 1,2-dioxygenase
... benzoate hydroxylase, benzoic hydroxylase, benzoate dioxygenase, benzoate,NADH:oxygen oxidoreductase (1,2-hydroxylating,, and ... In enzymology, a benzoate 1,2-dioxygenase (EC 1.14.12.10) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction benzoate + NADH + ... This enzyme participates in benzoate degradation via hydroxylation and benzoate degradation via coa ligation. It has 3 ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is benzoate,NADH:oxygen oxidoreductase (1,2-hydroxylating). Other names in common use ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzoate_1,2-dioxygenase
Estradiol benzoate cyclooctenyl etherEstradiol benzoate cyclooctenyl ether
... (EBCO), or estradiol 3-benzoate 17β-cyclooctenyl ether, is a synthetic estrogen as well ... Benzoate esters, Estradiol esters, Estrogen ethers, Prodrugs, Synthetic estrogens, All stub articles, Steroid stubs, Genito- ... "Oral long-lasting estrogenic activity of estradiol 3-benzoate 17-cyclooctenyl ether". Steroids. 20 (5): 627-38. doi:10.1016/ ... as estrogen ester and ether - specifically, the C3 benzoate ester and C17β cyclooctenyl ether of estradiol - which was ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estradiol_benzoate_cyclooctenyl_ether
Benzoate degradation via hydroxylationBenzoate degradation via hydroxylation
... is an enzyme-catalyzed, bacterial chemical reaction. Benzoate is degraded aerobically ... "Bacterial Degradation of Benzoate". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 287 (13): 10494-10508. doi:10.1074/jbc.M111.309005. PMC ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzoate_degradation_via_hydroxylation
Diethylamino hydroxybenzoyl hexyl benzoateDiethylamino hydroxybenzoyl hexyl benzoate
... (INCI) is an organic compound used in sunscreens to absorb UVA radiation. It is ... Benzoate esters, Phenols, Benzophenones, Anilines, Diethylamino compounds). ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diethylamino_hydroxybenzoyl_hexyl_benzoate
List of marketed estradiol benzoate formulationsList of marketed estradiol benzoate formulations
Estradiol benzoate/estradiol enanthate/testosterone enanthate (Uni-Bol) Estradiol benzoate § Available forms Estradiol benzoate ... Estradiol Benzoate Astar (Astar; Taiwan) Estradiol Benzoate Tai Yu (Tai Yu; Taiwan) Estradiol Benzoato Pharma Arte (Pharma Arte ... Estradiol benzoate/estradiol valerate/hydroxyprogesterone caproate (Sin-Ol) Estradiol benzoate/monalazone (Malun 25) [vaginal ... Estradiol benzoate/estradiol phenylpropionate (Dimenformon Prolongatum) Estradiol benzoate/estradiol dienanthate/testosterone ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_marketed_estradiol_benzoate_formulations
FungistaticsFungistatics
Sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate are both examples of fungistatic substances that are widely used in the preservation of ... "Sodium Benzoate". FBC Industries, Inc. Retrieved 19 February 2015. "Toxicological evaluation of some antimicrobials, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fungistatics
NaariNaari
Estradiol Benzoate • Estradiol Valerate • Ethinylestradiol • Estriol • Levonorgestrel • Lynestrenol • Nandrolone Decanoate • ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naari
pCl-benzoate anionpCl-benzoate anion
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the Database ...
https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=B1275&Units=CAL
Benzyl Benzoate | LUSHBenzyl Benzoate | LUSH
Benzyl benzoate can be added in its synthetic form because of its amazing scent and excellent solvent properties. ... When these essential oils are not used in a product, benzyl benzoate can be added in its synthetic form because of its amazing ... Benzyl benzoate is a clear and colourless liquid with a faint balsamic and sweet scent. ...
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Calcium benzoate | C14H10CaO4 - PubChemCalcium benzoate | C14H10CaO4 - PubChem
Calcium benzoate , C14H10CaO4 , CID 62425 - structure, chemical names, physical and chemical properties, classification, ...
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/62425
Browsing by Subject Sodium BenzoateBrowsing by Subject "Sodium Benzoate"
Benzoic acid and sodium benzoate  World Health Organization; International Programme on Chemical Safety (‎World Health ...
https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/browse?authority=Sodium+Benzoate&type=mesh
methyl 4-(4-acetyloxyphenoxy)benzoatemethyl 4-(4-acetyloxyphenoxy)benzoate
... Molecular Formula: C16H14O5 ...
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Products That Contain BENZYL BENZOATE || Skin Deep® Cosmetics Database | EWGProducts That Contain BENZYL BENZOATE || Skin Deep® Cosmetics Database | EWG
Cuticle Treatment Products Containing Benzyl Benzoate by Nailtural Sort best to worst. Sort worst to best. Sort alphabetical A- ...
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tert-butylbicyclo-2-benzoate | Semantic Scholartert-butylbicyclo-2-benzoate | Semantic Scholar
tert-butylbicyclo-2-benzoate. Known as: TBOB, t-BB2B, tert-butylbicyclo-ortho-benzoate ...
https://www.semanticscholar.org/topic/tert-butylbicyclo-2-benzoate/653204
Caffeine & Sodium Benzoate injection Reviews and User Ratings: Effectiveness, Ease of Use, and SatisfactionCaffeine & Sodium Benzoate injection Reviews and User Ratings: Effectiveness, Ease of Use, and Satisfaction
Sodium Benzoate injection on WebMD including side effects and drug interactions, medication effectiveness, ease of use and ... User Reviews for Caffeine & Sodium Benzoate injection Comments & ratings on the side effects, benefits, and effectiveness of ...
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Sodium benzoate Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material 532-32-1Sodium benzoate Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material 532-32-1
Sodium benzoate Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material; CAS Number: 532-32-1; EC Number: 208-534-8; ... Sodium benzoate is a sodium salt of benzoic acid, that is freely soluble in water compared to benzoic acid. It is generally ... Sodium benzoate. puriss., meets analytical specification of Ph. Eur., BP, FCC, E211, 99.0-100.5% (calc. to the dried substance ... Sodium benzoate may be used as a pharmaceutical reference standard for the determination of the analyte in raw material, food, ...
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Bethenny Frankel, Sodium Benzoate, And Your HairBethenny Frankel, Sodium Benzoate, And Your Hair
... Sodium Benzoate made it into ... With sodium benzoate as well as with benzene, which can be formed due to the combination of sodium benzoate with Vitamin C, the ... Sodium Benzoate While Bethenny may not be losing a "wink of sleep" over the sodium benzoate in her Skinnygirl Margarita formula ... Why Is Sodium Benzoate controversial?. Sodium Benzoate is a controversial ingredient, at least in some circles, because of its ...
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Figure 3 | Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 2-Hydroxy-3-[(2-aryloxyethyl)amino]propyl 4-[(Alkoxycarbonyl)amino]benzoatesFigure 3 | Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 2-Hydroxy-3-[(2-aryloxyethyl)amino]propyl 4-[(Alkoxycarbonyl)amino]benzoates
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 2-Hydroxy-3-[(2-aryloxyethyl)amino]propyl 4-[(Alkoxycarbonyl)amino]benzoates. ...
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/tswj/2013/274570/fig3/
Sodium Benzoate - United States Faceters GuildSodium Benzoate - United States Faceters Guild
Ferric benzoate - Hazardous Agents | Haz-MapFerric benzoate - Hazardous Agents | Haz-Map
Ferric benzoate agent detailed information in Haz-Map database. ...
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Should You Be Worried About the Sodium Benzoate in Certain Foods and Drinks? | livestrongShould You Be Worried About the Sodium Benzoate in Certain Foods and Drinks? | livestrong
Sodium benzoate is a preservative sometimes found in soda and condiments. If combined with vitamin C, it can form a hazardous ... Should You Be Worried About the Sodium Benzoate in Certain Foods and Drinks? By Fiona Mischel Updated March 8, 2021 Reviewed by ... Sodium benzoate is heavily used by the soft drink industry due to the demand for high-fructose corn syrup in carbonated drinks ... Sodium benzoate is added to foods to extend their shelf lives, and it also has uses that go beyond the supermarket. ...
https://www.livestrong.com/article/525531-facts-on-sodium-benzoate/
ethyl 4-(1-chloro-2-phenyl-ethenyl)-3-nitro-benzoateethyl 4-(1-chloro-2-phenyl-ethenyl)-3-nitro-benzoate
... Molecular Formula: C17H14ClNO4 ...
https://sci-toys.com/scichem/jqp023/2749668.html
NY N012403 - The tariff classification of Sodium 2-(trifluoromethyl)benzoate, CAS No. 2966-44-1, from the United Kingdom -...NY N012403 - The tariff classification of Sodium 2-(trifluoromethyl)benzoate, CAS No. 2966-44-1, from the United Kingdom -...
RE: The tariff classification of Sodium 2-(trifluoromethyl)benzoate, CAS No. 2966-44-1, from the United Kingdom. Dear Mr. ... The subject product, Sodium 2-(trifluoromethyl)benzoate, CAS No. 2966-44-1, is a sodium salt of a halogenated derivative of an ... The applicable subheading for Sodium 2-(trifluoromethyl)benzoate will be 2916.39.4500, Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United ...
http://www.faqs.org/rulings/rulings2007NYN012403.html
Sodium Benzoate FCC - Chemical.netSodium Benzoate FCC - Chemical.net
Your personal data will be used to support your experience throughout this website, to manage access to your account, and for other purposes described in our privacy policy.. ...
https://chemical.net/product/sodium-benzoate-fcc/
The Use of Capillary Electrophoresis in the Detection of Monomethylamine and Benzoate Ions in the Forensic Examination of...The Use of Capillary Electrophoresis in the Detection of Monomethylamine and Benzoate Ions in the Forensic Examination of...
... and benzoate ions. Monomethylamine nitrate is found in Tovex®, a ... Sodium benzoate is added to Pyrodex®, as a fuel and burn rate ... The Use of Capillary Electrophoresis in the Detection of Monomethylamine and Benzoate Ions in the Forensic Examination of ... and benzoate ions. Monomethylamine nitrate is found in Tovex®, a water gel explosive. ...
https://www.astm.org/jfs15117j.html
Ammonul (sodium benzoate/sodium phenylacetate) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and moreAmmonul (sodium benzoate/sodium phenylacetate) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more
... sodium benzoate, sodium phenylacetate), frequency-based adverse effects, comprehensive interactions, contraindications, ... encoded search term (sodium benzoate/sodium phenylacetate (Ammonul)) and sodium benzoate/sodium phenylacetate (Ammonul) What to ... There are no data on presence of sodium phenylacetate, sodium benzoate in either human or animal milk, effects on breastfed ... tobramycin inhaled and sodium benzoate both increase nephrotoxicity and/or ototoxicity. Modify Therapy/Monitor Closely. Avoid ...
http://reference.medscape.com/drug/ammonul-sodium-benzoate-sodium-phenylacetate-342815
KEGG PATHWAY: Benzoate degradation - Cupriavidus pinatubonensis JMP134KEGG PATHWAY: Benzoate degradation - Cupriavidus pinatubonensis JMP134
Benzoate degradation - Cupriavidus pinatubonensis JMP134 [ Pathway menu , Organism menu , Pathway entry , Download KGML , Image ...
https://www.kegg.jp/pathway/reu00362+Reut_A1689
Sodium benzoate, Hi-AR™ | GRM1260-500G | HiMedia LaboratoriesSodium benzoate, Hi-AR™ | GRM1260-500G | HiMedia Laboratories
Sodium benzoate, Hi-AR™. Catalogue Numbre: GRM1260-500G, Supplied by HiMedia Laboratories & Distributed by Gentaur in UK & ... Sodium benzoate, Hi-AR™ , GRM1260-500G HiMedia Laboratories Sodium benzoate, Hi-AR™ , GRM1260-500G. (No reviews yet) Write a ... Sodium benzoate, Hi-AR™ , GRM1260-500G. Rating Required Select Rating. 1 star (worst). 2 stars. 3 stars (average). 4 stars. 5 ... Ammonium benzoate, Hi-AR™/ACS , GRM4034-250G , HiMedia Laboratories Group: CHEMICALS Sub-Group: Laboratory Chemicals ...
https://plexdb.org/sodium-benzoate-hi-ar-grm1260-500g/
3-{[Bis(benzyloxy)phosphoryl]oxy}-2-oxopropyl benzoate | Pharos3-{[Bis(benzyloxy)phosphoryl]oxy}-2-oxopropyl benzoate | Pharos
Hi! Can I get a quote for a GreenScreen Assessment of 3-{[Bis(benzyloxy)phosphoryl]oxy}-2-oxopropyl benzoate [106787-11-5]?. ... Profile for "3-{[Bis(benzyloxy)phosphoryl]oxy}-2-oxopropyl benzoate" on Pharos: https://pharosproject.net/chemicals/2142340 ...
https://pharosproject.net/chemicals/2142340
Sodium Benzoate | LotioncrafterSodium Benzoate | Lotioncrafter
If Sodium Benzoate is used as a preservative, the pH of the finished product may need to be lowered enough to release the free ... Sodium Benzoate is the inactive salt of benzoic acid. It is soluble in water where it converts to benzoic acid, its active form ... INCI: Sodium Benzoate. California Prop 65 Statement: The following statement is made in order to comply with the California ... Sodium Benzoate is not a broad spectrum preservative for cosmetic use and should be combined with other preservatives. ...
https://lotioncrafter.com/products/sodium-benzoate
Synthonix, Inc | Stannanes | N-Succinimidyl-4-(tributylstannyl)benzoate - [S8930]Synthonix, Inc | Stannanes | N-Succinimidyl-4-(tributylstannyl)benzoate - [S8930]
N-Succinimidyl-4-(tributylstannyl)benzoate - [S8930]. Item. Cost. QTY. Inventory that can ship within 24 hours. Overseas based ...
https://synthonix.com/8930.html
Flux limitations in the ortho pathway of benzoate degradation of Alcaligenes eutrophus: metabolite overflow and induction of...Flux limitations in the ortho pathway of benzoate degradation of Alcaligenes eutrophus: metabolite overflow and induction of...
Finally, when very high concentrations of benzoate were used (55 mM), both growth and the specific rate of benzoate degradation ... The specific rate of benzoate consumption was not altered, whereas growth was inhibited [Ki (benzoate) # 27 mM]. Furthermore, ... In batch culture, growth was exponential and growth rate (μ) and yields (Y) were high [μ = 0.51 h-1 and Y X/benzoate = 0.56 mol ... These kinetic parameters were close to the maxima determined in a benzoate-limited chemostat [μmax = 0.55 h-1 and Y max X/ ...
https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/micro/10.1099/13500872-142-7-1807
Treatment of scabies with permethrin versus lindane and benzyl benzoate | Abstract | Acta Dermato-VenereologicaTreatment of scabies with permethrin versus lindane and benzyl benzoate | Abstract | Acta Dermato-Venereologica
Treatment failures were registered after lindane in 3 adults and 2 children, whereas benzyl benzoate and permethrin cured all ... The number of irritations and post-scabious eczematous reactions was increased after benzyl benzoate treatment. Permethrin ... benzyl benzoate (20% and 10%) and permethrin (5% and 2.5%) after two, three, and one application at bedtime, in the treatment ...
https://www.medicaljournals.se/acta/content/abstract/10.2340/0001555569348351
Tag: sodium benzoate in GCI Nexus Blog - ACS CommunityTag: "sodium benzoate" in "GCI Nexus Blog" - ACS Community
We use cookies to improve your site experience and analyze website traffic. Click Accept to agree to our websites cookie use as described in our Cookie Policy . Click Preferences to customize your cookie settings ...
https://communities.acs.org/t5/tag/sodium%20benzoate/tg-p/board-id/GCINexusBlog
Kazakhstan Food Academy denies harmfulness of sodium benzoate in Kazakhstan milk: 20 февраля 2013, 17:28 - news on Tengrinews.kzKazakhstan Food Academy denies harmfulness of sodium benzoate in Kazakhstan milk: 20 февраля 2013, 17:28 - news on Tengrinews.kz
Kazakhstan Food Academy denies harmfulness of sodium benzoate in Kazakhstan milk: 20 февраля 2013, 17:28 ▶ read more news and ... Kazakhstan Food Academy denies harmfulness of sodium benzoate in Kazakhstan milk 20 февраля 2013, 17:28 Sodium benzoate is ... Sodium benzoate is allowed in milk as a substance not effecting human health at low concentration, Tengrinews.kz reports citing ... The test also showed presence of benzoates in milk of some Russian and Kazakhstan producers. "But as it was said earlier, they ...
https://en.tengrinews.kz/science/kazakhstan-food-academy-denies-harmfulness-of-sodium-17028/
Sodium Benzoate Prices, News, Market Analysis, Monitor | ChemAnalystSodium Benzoate Prices, News, Market Analysis, Monitor | ChemAnalyst
The fourth quarter of 2022 saw a decline in market sentiment for Sodium Benzoate in North America because of poor offtakes in ... Prices for Sodium Benzoate were estimated in December to be around USD 1650/MT for Sodium Benzoate for CFR New York towards the ... In Europe, Sodium Benzoate is widely utilised in preservation of animal feed, and the overall demand of Sodium Benzoate ... Sodium Benzoate prices remained volatile during this quarter across APAC region. In China, prices of Sodium Benzoate declined ...
https://www.chemanalyst.com/Pricing-data/sodium-benzoate-1185
ethyl 2-(2-fluorobenzamido)benzoate Properties, Molecular Formula, Applications - WorldOfChemicalsethyl 2-(2-fluorobenzamido)benzoate Properties, Molecular Formula, Applications - WorldOfChemicals
... benzoate. Get ethyl 2-(2-fluorobenzamido)benzoate molecular formula, CAS number, boiling point, melting point, applications, ...
https://www.worldofchemicals.com/chemicals/chemical-properties/ethyl-2-2-fluorobenzamidobenzoate.html
PreservativeIngredientPreservativesLINALOOLDenatonium BenzoateCitricAscorbic acidIngredientsBenzeneE211DegradationCaffeineAcidity2022AcetateProducts2021PermethrinCarcinogenAdditiveSulfitesProductGRASAntimicrobialOrganicArtificialAcidFactoriesAdverse effectsConcernChemicalContentFoodNaturally
Preservative14
  • The diet margarita, according to Whole Food representatives contains "extremely low levels" of a food preservative called sodium benzoate. (hairboutique.com)
  • Sodium benzoate is often used for a wide range of products as a preservative as well as a fragrance ingredient, masking ingredient and anti-corrosive agent. (hairboutique.com)
  • Sodium benzoate is a preservative that's often found in soft drinks and other foods. (livestrong.com)
  • Sodium benzoate is a type of salt-based preservative added to food, beverage and condiments to extend the items' shelf life, according to the National Institutes of Health (NIH). (livestrong.com)
  • Similarly, sodium benzoate can act as a preservative in certain medications (like cough syrup), extending the shelf life of OTC aids. (livestrong.com)
  • Sodium Benzoate is not a broad spectrum preservative for cosmetic use and should be combined with other preservatives. (lotioncrafter.com)
  • If Sodium Benzoate is used as a preservative, the pH of the finished product may need to be lowered enough to release the free acid for useful activity. (lotioncrafter.com)
  • Sodium Benzoate is often combined with Potassium Sorbate in low pH products to provide a synergistic preservative effect against yeast and mold. (lotioncrafter.com)
  • Sodium benzoate is used as a safe, effective preservative and antimicrobial in applications such as. (cosmeticsandtoiletries.com)
  • Sodium Benzoate preservative for mixing your own flavors. (raggssupply.com)
  • Sodium benzoate is used as food preservative in fruit juices and fruit salads, jellies, salad dressings and sauces. (foodsweeteners.com)
  • Sodium benzoate E211 is a common food preservative and is the sodium salt of benzoic acid. (foodsweeteners.com)
  • Sodium Benzoate is widely used as a preservative in food and beverages due to its antimicrobial properties. (gujarat-enterprise.com)
  • Suitable candidates include ordinary table salt (sodium chloride), the common salt substitute potassium chloride, or potassium benzoate, an approved preservative. (nanotech-now.com)
Ingredient4
  • While Bethenny may not be losing a "wink of sleep" over the sodium benzoate in her Skinnygirl Margarita formula, some people are concerned about any ingredient which might pose any type of hazard when consumed or used on their body in some fashion. (hairboutique.com)
  • Sodium Benzoate is a controversial ingredient, at least in some circles, because of its potential to interact with Ascorbic Acid (a Vitamin C derivative) and benzene, a known carcinogen. (hairboutique.com)
  • As a standalone ingredient Sodium Benzoate is not considered to be dangerous. (hairboutique.com)
  • If you read food labels , you've undoubtedly spotted " sodium benzoate " on the ingredient lists of at least a handful of products in the grocery store. (livestrong.com)
Preservatives3
  • Sodium Benzoate E211 is used in baby products, bath products, soaps and detergents, eye makeup, blushers, cleansing products, make up products, as well as hair, nail and skin care products as preservatives in Cosmetics and personal care products. (foodsweeteners.com)
  • Sodium Benzoate E211 can be used as preservatives in Agriculture/Animal Feed/Poultry feed. (foodsweeteners.com)
  • Sodium Benzoate and Potassium Sorbate (Preservatives). (dreamdinners.com)
LINALOOL1
  • However, the leaf oil also consisted of linalool (11.0%), (E)-phytol (13.6%) and (3Z)-hexenyl benzoate (11.0%), which were absent in the bark oil. (researchgate.net)
Denatonium Benzoate3
  • Instructions to make the OSHA-approved fit test and threshold check solutions for Saccharin Solution Aerosol Protocol, Bitrex TM (Denatonium Benzoate) Solution Aerosol Qualitative Fit Test Protocol, and Isoamyl Acetate Protocol are provided below. (cdc.gov)
  • Denatonium Benzoate is rated as the world's most bitter substance. (upl-ltd.com)
  • A Bitrex is a Denatonium benzoate solution. (cdc.gov)
Citric1
  • Therefore, the use of Sodium Benzoate and L-Ascorbic Acid and Citric Acid in the same cosmetic formulations should be avoided. (lotioncrafter.com)
Ascorbic acid5
  • Still, sodium benzoate may become a health concern when it is combined with ascorbic acid, aka vitamin C. (livestrong.com)
  • When combined, sodium benzoate and ascorbic acid - both common ingredients in sodas - can form a chemical called benzene. (livestrong.com)
  • There is some concern that Sodium Benzoate in combination with L-Ascorbic Acid in products can form Benzene, a known human carcinogen. (lotioncrafter.com)
  • The presence of ascorbic acid and benzoates alone does not lead to the formation of benzene. (lotioncrafter.com)
  • Therefore, a product containing ascorbic acid and benzoates will not necessarily contain any detectable levels of benzene. (lotioncrafter.com)
Ingredients1
  • On the back of a soda can, you can find sodium benzoate in the ingredients list as E211, which is the number assigned to it as a food additive. (livestrong.com)
Benzene1
  • Whereas Sodium Benzoate in standalone form seems of little concern when utilized in hair, skin or related products, it is of more serious concern when there is a risk of the formation of benzene. (hairboutique.com)
E2115
  • Sodium Benzoate, also known as E211 is a salt of Benzoic Acid. (hairboutique.com)
  • Sodium benzoate E211 can be used in Food, Beverage, Pharmaceutical, Health & Personal care products, Agriculture/Animal Feed/Poultry. (foodsweeteners.com)
  • Sodium benzoate E211 is used as a treatment for urea cycle disorders due to its ability to bind amino acids in pharmaceutical. (foodsweeteners.com)
  • Sodium Benzoate E211 is used as an intermediate during the manufacture of dyes. (foodsweeteners.com)
  • Sodium Benzoate E211 is also used in tobacco. (foodsweeteners.com)
Degradation2
  • Finally, when very high concentrations of benzoate were used (55 mM), both growth and the specific rate of benzoate degradation were diminished due to a strong decrease in benzoate 1,2-dioxygenase specific activity. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Dois M. , Ampe F. , Lindley N. D. 1994 Effects of oxygen limitations on benzoate degradation by Alcaligenes eutrophus IAWQ 17th Biennial Conference, July 94, Budapest, Hungary. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Caffeine2
  • Comments & ratings on the side effects, benefits, and effectiveness of Caffeine & Sodium Benzoate injection . (webmd.com)
  • When sodium benzoate is combined with caffeine in Caffeine Sodium Benzoate is can produce UVB protection along with antioxidant activity. (hairboutique.com)
Acidity1
  • Sodium benzoate increases the acidity of soft drinks, which also increases the intensity of flavor from the high-fructose corn syrup. (livestrong.com)
20227
  • The fourth quarter of 2022 saw a decline in market sentiment for Sodium Benzoate in North America because of poor offtakes in downstream industries such as the production of food and drink and pharmaceuticals. (chemanalyst.com)
  • Prices for Sodium Benzoate were estimated in December to be around USD 1650/MT for Sodium Benzoate for CFR New York towards the end of the fourth quarter of 2022. (chemanalyst.com)
  • The Asia Pacific Sodium Benzoate market showed a decline in market sentiments in the fourth quarter of 2022. (chemanalyst.com)
  • Throughout the fourth quarter of 2022, the European market for Sodium Benzoate continued to decline. (chemanalyst.com)
  • The Asia Pacific Sodium Benzoate market showed varying market sentiments in the third quarter of 2022. (chemanalyst.com)
  • Towards the end of the Q3 of 2022, the prices for Sodium Benzoate were assessed at around USD 2170/MT for FOB Shanghai in September. (chemanalyst.com)
  • In September, the cost of Sodium Benzoate for CFR Hamburg was estimated to be around USD 3175/MT toward the end of Q3 of 2022. (chemanalyst.com)
Acetate1
  • To gain a holistic understanding of the model organism A. aromaticum EbN1T, we here studied its catabolic network dynamics in response to 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate, phenylalanine, 3-hydroxybenzoate, benzoate and acetate utilized under nitrate-reducing vs. oxic conditions. (fairdomhub.org)
Products1
  • The applicable subheading for Sodium 2-(trifluoromethyl)benzoate will be 2916.39.4500 , Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTSUS), which provides for Aromatic monocarboxylic acids, their anhydrides, halides, peroxides, peroxyacids and their derivatives: Other: Other: Other: Products described in additional U.S. note 3 to section VI. (faqs.org)
20211
  • The Sodium Benzoate Market 2021 research report gives emerging industry data, global segments and regional outlook. (articlepedia.xyz)
Permethrin2
  • This open clinical study was designed to evaluate and compare the efficacy and side effects of lindane (1% and 0.3%), benzyl benzoate (20% and 10%) and permethrin (5% and 2.5%) after two, three, and one application at bedtime, in the treatment of scabies in 114 adults and 80 children aged between 0 and 5 years. (medicaljournals.se)
  • Treatment failures were registered after lindane in 3 adults and 2 children, whereas benzyl benzoate and permethrin cured all patients as assessed after a 3-week follow-up. (medicaljournals.se)
Carcinogen1
  • According to the International Programme on Chemical Safety, Sodium Benzoate is not a toxin or carcinogen when used standalone. (hairboutique.com)
Additive1
  • While some people are wary of any human-made additive included in food, sodium benzoate is listed as GRAS by the FDA. (livestrong.com)
Sulfites1
  • National intake assessments of five food additives or groups of food additives (benzoates, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), sulfites and tert - butylhydroquinone (TBHQ)) were evaluated. (who.int)
Product3
  • When these essential oils are not used in a product, benzyl benzoate can be added in its synthetic form because of its amazing scent and excellent solvent properties. (lush.com)
  • The subject product, Sodium 2-(trifluoromethyl)benzoate, CAS No. 2966-44-1, is a sodium salt of a halogenated derivative of an aromatic carboxylic acid. (faqs.org)
  • It was also found that for meat product every sample contained sodium benzoate at levels higher than the permissible level of 1,000 mg/kg, leading to high exposure in children. (who.int)
GRAS2
  • Sodium Benzoate is FDA approved and has received the GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe) rating. (hairboutique.com)
  • While it is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the FDA in small doses, sodium benzoate may cause harmful health effects under certain conditions. (livestrong.com)
Antimicrobial1
  • Sodium benzoate is a strong antimicrobial, according to the NIH. (livestrong.com)
Organic3
  • The Bureau of Quality and Safety of Food conducted a study of sodium benzoate and synthetic organic colors in foods. (who.int)
  • It was found that the precentage of samples containing both sodium benzoate and synthetic organic colors was 83, 80, 64, 60 and 57 respectively. (who.int)
  • The finding in this study is, however initial information for concerning people to be aware of the toxicity of the combination of sodium benzoate and synthetic organic colors. (who.int)
Artificial1
  • FSA), consumption of certain mixtures of artificial food colors and sodium benzoate is associated with increase in hyperactive behavior in children. (who.int)
Acid4
  • Sodium benzoate is a sodium salt of benzoic acid, that is freely soluble in water compared to benzoic acid. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Sodium Benzoate is the inactive salt of benzoic acid. (lotioncrafter.com)
  • The research showed that milk produced by two Kazakhstan and two Russian factories contained sodium benzoate (benzoic acid) . (tengrinews.kz)
  • Sodium Benzoate is an odorless, crystalline powder formed by combining benzoic acid and sodium hydroxide. (gujarat-enterprise.com)
Factories1
  • Due to factories being closed for the Golden Week, orders for China's industry that produces Sodium Benzoate steadily decreased during the first week of October. (chemanalyst.com)
Adverse effects2
  • Large amounts of sodium benzoate would have to be consumed for adverse effects to be seen. (hairboutique.com)
  • According to WiseGeek.com "In mice studies where the animals were fed sodium benzoate, no adverse effects were reported, and the mice's life expectancies were not shortened, nor was their health affected in any way" (WiseGeek.com). (hairboutique.com)
Concern1
  • Which brings up the question, what is sodium benzoate and it is really a major concern? (hairboutique.com)
Chemical2
  • Sodium benzoate is heavily used by the soft drink industry due to the demand for high-fructose corn syrup in carbonated drinks, according to the International Program on Chemical Safety . (livestrong.com)
  • Benzyl benzoate, 98%,2.5lt is a fine chemical. (biomall.in)
Content1
  • That's why the discovered concentration of sodium benzoate may be considered equaled to the natural content in milk that has no hazardous effect on human health," the Food Academy states. (tengrinews.kz)
Food4
  • Sodium benzoate may be used as a pharmaceutical reference standard for the determination of the analyte in raw material, food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical formulations by titrimetry and liquid chromatography. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Sodium benzoate inhibits the growth of potentially harmful bacteria, mold and other microbes in food, thus deterring spoilage. (livestrong.com)
  • The current safe level of sodium benzoate in food is 0.1 percent, which is a very small amount. (livestrong.com)
  • Sodium benzoate is allowed in milk as a substance not effecting human health at low concentration: Kazakhstan Food Academy. (tengrinews.kz)
Naturally1
  • Sodium benzoate does not occur naturally, according to the Electronic Code of Federal Regulations . (livestrong.com)
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EWG's Food Scores | Noosh Egg Pack
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EWG Skin Deep® | Grande Cosmetics GrandeMASCARA Waterproof Conditioning Peptide Mascara
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Composition DESERT ESSENCE Crème capillaire boucles souples à la noix de coco - UFC-Que Choisir
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PDF) Chemical composition and biological activities of essential Oil from leaf and bark of Nyctanthesarbor-tristis L. from Nepal
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