Benzaldehydes are aromatic organic compounds consisting of a benzene ring connected to a formyl group (-CHO), which is the simplest and most representative compound being benzaldehyde (C6H5CHO).
A colorless liquid with a sharp burning taste and slight odor. It is used as a local anesthetic and to reduce pain associated with LIDOCAINE injection. Also, it is used in the manufacture of other benzyl compounds, as a pharmaceutic aid, and in perfumery and flavoring.
A white crystalline compound prepared by condensation of benzaldehyde in potassium cyanide and used in organic syntheses. This should not be confused with benzoin gum from STYRAX.
Analogs or derivatives of mandelic acid (alpha-hydroxybenzeneacetic acid).
Alcohols derived from the aryl radical (C6H5CH2-) and defined by C6H5CHOH. The concept includes derivatives with any substituents on the benzene ring.
Oxidoreductases that are specific for ALDEHYDES.
Benzyl compounds are organic substances that contain a benzyl group, which is a functional structure consisting of a carbon atom attached to a phenyl ring and a methylene group (-CH2-).
An aldehyde oxidoreductase expressed predominantly in the LIVER; LUNGS; and KIDNEY. It catalyzes the oxidation of a variety of organic aldehydes and N-heterocyclic compounds to CARBOXYLIC ACIDS, and also oxidizes quinoline and pyridine derivatives. The enzyme utilizes molybdenum cofactor and FAD as cofactors.
Organic compounds containing a carbonyl group in the form -CHO.
A subclass of enzymes which includes all dehydrogenases acting on primary and secondary alcohols as well as hemiacetals. They are further classified according to the acceptor which can be NAD+ or NADP+ (subclass 1.1.1), cytochrome (1.1.2), oxygen (1.1.3), quinone (1.1.5), or another acceptor (1.1.99).
A widely used industrial solvent.
Enzymes that catalyze a reverse aldol condensation. A molecule containing a hydroxyl group and a carbonyl group is cleaved at a C-C bond to produce two smaller molecules (ALDEHYDES or KETONES). EC 4.1.2.
A genus of gram-negative bacteria of the family MORAXELLACEAE, found in soil and water and of uncertain pathogenicity.
Alkyl compounds containing a hydroxyl group. They are classified according to relation of the carbon atom: primary alcohols, R-CH2OH; secondary alcohols, R2-CHOH; tertiary alcohols, R3-COH. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
A fungistatic compound that is widely used as a food preservative. It is conjugated to GLYCINE in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.
A family of isomeric, colorless aromatic hydrocarbon liquids, that contain the general formula C6H4(CH3)2. They are produced by the destructive distillation of coal or by the catalytic reforming of petroleum naphthenic fractions. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)
Glyoxylates are organic compounds that are intermediate products in the metabolic pathways responsible for the breakdown and synthesis of various molecules, including amino acids and carbohydrates, and are involved in several biochemical processes such as the glyoxylate cycle.
The coenzyme form of Vitamin B1 present in many animal tissues. It is a required intermediate in the PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX and the KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX.
"Semicarbazones are compounds formed when semicarbazide reacts with an aldehyde or ketone, creating a bond that includes a hydrogen bond donor and acceptor, which can be useful in the identification and analysis of carbonyl groups in organic chemistry and medicinal research."
A species of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria isolated from soil and water as well as clinical specimens. Occasionally it is an opportunistic pathogen.
Hydrogen cyanide (HCN); A toxic liquid or colorless gas. It is found in the smoke of various tobacco products and released by combustion of nitrogen-containing organic materials.
An enzyme that oxidizes an aldehyde in the presence of NAD+ and water to an acid and NADH. This enzyme was formerly classified as EC 1.1.1.70.
Compounds containing the PhCH= radical.
'Benzene derivatives' are organic compounds that contain a benzene ring as the core structure, with various functional groups attached to it, and can have diverse chemical properties and uses, including as solvents, intermediates in chemical synthesis, and pharmaceuticals.
Miniaturized methods of liquid-liquid extraction.
A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.
A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that is not known to be pathogenic for man, animals, or plants. Its organisms are spoilers for beers and ciders and in sweet English ciders they are the causative agents of a secondary fermentation known as "cider sickness." The species Z. mobilis is used for experiments in molecular genetic studies.
The volatile portions of substances perceptible by the sense of smell. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
Organic esters of thioglycolic acid (HS-CH2COOH).
Isomeric forms and derivatives of pentanol (C5H11OH).
Esterases are hydrolase enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of ester bonds, converting esters into alcohols and acids, playing crucial roles in various biological processes including metabolism and detoxification.
Derivatives of BENZOIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the carboxybenzene structure.
A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria widely distributed in nature. Some species are pathogenic for humans, animals, and plants.
The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.
A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, motile bacteria that occur in water and soil. Some are common inhabitants of the intestinal tract of vertebrates. These bacteria occasionally cause opportunistic infections in humans.
A species of nonpathogenic fluorescent bacteria found in feces, sewage, soil, and water, and which liquefy gelatin.
A solventless sample preparation method, invented in 1989, that uses a fused silica fiber which is coated with a stationary phase. It is used for sample cleanup before using other analytical methods.

Molecular characterization of the genes pcaG and pcaH, encoding protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase, which are essential for vanillin catabolism in Pseudomonas sp. strain HR199. (1/445)

Pseudomonas sp. strain HR199 is able to utilize eugenol (4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol), vanillin (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde), or protocatechuate as the sole carbon source for growth. Mutants of this strain which were impaired in the catabolism of vanillin but retained the ability to utilize eugenol or protocatechuate were obtained after nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis. One mutant (SK6169) was used as recipient of a Pseudomonas sp. strain HR199 genomic library in cosmid pVK100, and phenotypic complementation was achieved with a 5.8-kbp EcoRI fragment (E58). The amino acid sequences deduced from two corresponding open reading frames (ORF) identified on E58 revealed high degrees of homology to pcaG and pcaH, encoding the two subunits of protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase. Three additional ORF most probably encoded a 4-hydroxybenzoate 3-hydroxylase (PobA) and two putative regulatory proteins, which exhibited homology to PcaQ of Agrobacterium tumefaciens and PobR of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively. Since mutant SK6169 was also complemented by a subfragment of E58 that harbored only pcaH, this mutant was most probably lacking a functional beta subunit of the protocatechuate 3, 4-dioxygenase. Since this mutant was still able to grow on protocatechuate and lacked protocatechuate 4,5-dioxygenase and protocatechuate 2,3-dioxygenase, the degradation had to be catalyzed by different enzymes. Two other mutants (SK6184 and SK6190), which were also impaired in the catabolism of vanillin, were not complemented by fragment E58. Since these mutants accumulated 3-carboxy muconolactone during cultivation on eugenol, they most probably exhibited a defect in a step of the catabolic pathway following the ortho cleavage. Moreover, in these mutants cyclization of 3-carboxymuconic acid seems to occur by a syn absolute stereochemical course, which is normally only observed for cis, cis-muconate lactonization in pseudomonads. In conclusion, vanillin is degraded through the ortho-cleavage pathway in Pseudomonas sp. strain HR199 whereas protocatechuate could also be metabolized via a different pathway in the mutants.  (+info)

Hydroxylation reaction catalyzed by the Burkholderia cepacia AC1100 bacterial strain. Involvement of the chlorophenol-4-monooxygenase. (2/445)

The Burkholderia cepacia AC1100 strain, known to degrade the herbicide, 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T), is able to metabolize 4-hydroxyarylaldehyde, not only into the corresponding acid, but also into a new hydroquinone, 2,5-dihydroxyarylaldehyde. When incubated with resting AC1100 cells or cell-free extracts, syringaldehyde and 3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde were converted into such metabolites, identified by comparison of their mass and 1H-NMR spectra with those of authentic chemically synthesized samples. With 5-bromovanillin, only one metabolite was formed, the structure of which was identified as 2, 5-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-6-bromobenzaldehyde through 1H-NMR two-dimensional NOESY experiments. All these products result formally from a para hydroxylation of the phenol followed by the cis migration of the aldehyde. This reaction is the only one to be associated with the 2,4,5-T degradation pathway, as the acid formation was retained when the AC1100 strain had lost its degradation ability. Through competitive experiments with halophenols and methimazole, an alternative substrate of flavin monooxygenase, the chlorophenol-4-monooxygenase was recognized to be the enzyme involved in the hydroxylation of 4-hydroxyarylaldehyde. The purified enzyme, previously reported to catalyze the para hydroxylation or dehalogenating hydroxylation of chlorophenols, also promotes this hydroxylation reaction in the presence of NADH and FAD. The kcat value determined for the best substrate, syringaldehyde, 0. 08 s-1, was about 20% of that obtained for 2,6-dichlorophenol hydroxylation (0.38 s-1).  (+info)

Olfactory adaptation depends on the Trp Ca2+ channel in Drosophila. (3/445)

Olfactory adaptation is shown to occur in Drosophila, at both behavioral and physiological levels. In a behavioral paradigm, the extent of adaptation is shown to depend on the dose and duration of the adapting stimulus. Half-maximal adaptation occurred after 15 sec of exposure to an odor, and recovery occurred with a half-time of 1. 5 min, under a set of test conditions. Cross-adaptation was observed among all odor combinations tested, although to a lesser extent than when the same odor was used as both the adapting and the test stimulus. Mutants of the transient receptor potential (Trp) Ca2+ channel were normal in olfactory response, but defective in olfactory adaptation, when measured either behaviorally or in tests of antennal physiology. These results indicate that olfactory response and adaptation can be distinguished. Trp expression was detected in the developing antenna but, surprisingly, not in the mature antenna. These results, together with temperature-shift analysis of a temperature-sensitive trp mutant, provide evidence of a role of Trp in olfactory system development.  (+info)

Odor response properties of rat olfactory receptor neurons. (4/445)

Molecular biology studies of olfaction have identified a multigene family of molecular receptors that are likely to be involved in odor transduction mechanisms. However, because previous functional data on peripheral coding were mainly collected from inferior vertebrates, it has been difficult to document the degree of specificity of odor interaction mechanisms. As a matter of fact, studies of the functional expression of olfactory receptors have not demonstrated the low or high specificity of olfactory receptors. In this study, the selectivity of olfactory receptor neurons was investigated in the rat at the cellular level under physiological conditions by unitary extracellular recordings. Individual olfactory receptor neurons were broadly responsive to qualitatively distinct odor compounds. We conclude that peripheral coding is based on activated arrays of olfactory receptor cells with overlapping tuning profiles.  (+info)

cDNA cloning, expression and activity of a second human aflatoxin B1-metabolizing member of the aldo-keto reductase superfamily, AKR7A3. (5/445)

The aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) aldehyde metabolite of AFB1 may contribute to the cytotoxicity of this hepatocarcinogen via protein adduction. Aflatoxin B1 aldehyde reductases, specifically the NADPH-dependent aldo-keto reductases of rat (AKR7A1) and human (AKR7A2), are known to metabolize the AFB1 dihydrodiol by forming AFB1 dialcohol. Using a rat AKR7A1 cDNA, we isolated and characterized a distinct aldo-keto reductase (AKR7A3) from an adult human liver cDNA library. The deduced amino acid sequence of AKR7A3 shares 80 and 88% identity with rat AKR7A1 and human AKR7A2, respectively. Recombinant rat AKR7A1 and human AKR7A3 were expressed and purified from Escherichia coli as hexa-histidine tagged fusion proteins. These proteins catalyzed the reduction of several model carbonyl-containing substrates. The NADPH-dependent formation of AFB1 dialcohol by recombinant human AKR7A3 was confirmed by liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Rabbit polyclonal antibodies produced using recombinant rat AKR7A1 protein were shown to detect nanogram amounts of rat and human AKR7A protein. The amount of AKR7A-related protein in hepatic cytosols of 1, 2-dithiole-3-thione-treated rats was 18-fold greater than in cytosols from untreated animals. These antibodies detected AKR7A-related protein in normal human liver samples ranging from 0.3 to 0.8 microg/mg cytosolic protein. Northern blot analysis showed varying levels of expression of AKR7A RNA in human liver and in several extrahepatic tissues, with relatively high levels in the stomach, pancreas, kidney and liver. Based on the kinetic parameters determined using recombinant human AKR7A3 and AFB1 dihydrodiol at pH 7.4, the catalytic efficiency of this reaction (k2/K, per M/s) equals or exceeds those reported for other enzymes, for example cytochrome P450s and glutathione S-transferases, known to metabolize AFB1 in vivo. These findings indicate that, depending on the extent of AFB1 dihydrodiol formation, AKR7A may contribute to the protection against AFB1-induced hepatotoxicity.  (+info)

Basic emotions evoked by eugenol odor differ according to the dental experience. A neurovegetative analysis. (6/445)

Subjective individual experiences seem to indicate that odors may form strong connections with memories, especially those charged with emotional significance. In the dental field, this could be the case with the odorant eugenol, responsible for the typical clinging odor impregnating the dental office. The odor of eugenol could evoke memories of unpleasant dental experiences and, therefore, negative feelings such as anxiety and fear, since eugenates (cements containing eugenol) are used in potentially painful restorative dentistry. This hypothesis was tested by evaluating the emotional impact of the odor of eugenol through autonomic nervous system (ANS) analysis. The simultaneous variations of six ANS parameters (two electrodermal, two thermovascular and two cardiorespiratory), induced by the inhalation of this odorant, were recorded on volunteer subjects. Vanillin (a pleasant odorant) and propionic acid (an unpleasant one) served as controls. After the experiment, subjects were asked to rate the pleasantness versus unpleasantness of each odorant on an 11-point hedonic scale. The patterns of autonomic responses, obtained for each odorant and each subject, were transcribed into one of the six basic emotions defined by Ekman et al. (happiness, surprise, sadness, fear, anger and disgust). Results were compared between two groups of subjects divided according to their dental experience (fearful and non-fearful dental care subjects) and showed significant differences only for eugenol. This odorant was rated as pleasant by non-fearful dental subjects but unpleasant by fearful dental subjects. The evoked autonomic responses were mainly associated with positive basic emotions (happiness and surprise) in non-fearful dental subjects and with negative basic emotions (fear, anger, disgust) in fearful dental subjects. These results suggest that eugenol can be responsible for different emotional states depending on the subjects' dental experience, which seems to confirm the potential role of odors as elicitors of emotional memories. This study also supports the possible influence of the ambient odor impregnating the dental office, strengthening a negative conditioning toward dental care in some anxious patients.  (+info)

Study of the (S)-hydroxynitrile lyase from Hevea brasiliensis: mechanistic implications. (7/445)

Investigations of the (S)-selective hydroxynitrile lyase from Hevea brasiliensis were performed by electrospray mass spectroscopy, (1)H-NMR and with an enzyme activity assay. For the trans-cyanohydrin reaction (transcyanation) a two step reaction could be established. The results furthermore indicate a fast deactivation of the enzyme at low pH and a strong substrate dependence of its stability. They rule out an enzyme-HCN complex or a covalently bound carbonyl compound. Therefore the earlier postulated reaction intermediate as well as the proposed action of the catalytic triad have to be reevaluated. The calculated molecular mass could be confirmed by mass spectroscopy.  (+info)

Environmental signals modulate olfactory acuity, discrimination, and memory in Caenorhabditis elegans. (8/445)

Caenorhabditis elegans uses a variety of attractive olfactory cues to detect food. We show here that the responses to olfactory cues are regulated in a dynamic way by behavioral context and the animal's previous experience. Prolonged exposure to an odorant leads to a decreased response to that odorant, a form of behavioral plasticity called olfactory adaptation. We show that starvation can increase the extent of olfactory adaptation to the odorant benzaldehyde; this effect of starvation persists for several hours after the animals have been returned to food. The effect of starvation is antagonized by exogenous serotonin, which induces many of the same behavioral responses in C. elegans as are induced by food. Starvation also inhibits recovery from adaptation to a different odorant, 2-methylpyrazine, thus enhancing olfactory memory. In addition to its effects on adaptation, starvation modulates olfactory discrimination in C. elegans; starved animals discriminate more classes of odorants than fed animals. Increased olfactory discrimination is also seen in the adaptation-defective mutant adp-1 (ky20). These various forms of behavioral plasticity enhance the ability of starved animals to respond to novel, potentially informative odorants.  (+info)

Benzaldehyde is an organic compound with the formula C6H5CHO. It is the simplest aromatic aldehyde, and it consists of a benzene ring attached to a formyl group. Benzaldehyde is a colorless liquid with a characteristic almond-like odor.

Benzaldehyde occurs naturally in various plants, including bitter almonds, cherries, peaches, and apricots. It is used in many industrial applications, such as in the production of perfumes, flavorings, and dyes. In addition, benzaldehyde has been used in medical research for its potential therapeutic effects, such as its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties.

However, it is important to note that benzaldehyde can be toxic in high concentrations and may cause irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory system. Therefore, it should be handled with care and used in accordance with appropriate safety guidelines.

Benzyl alcohol is a aromatic alcohol with the chemical formula C6H5CH2OH. It is a colorless liquid with a characteristic, mildly unpleasant odor. Benzyl alcohol is used as a solvent and as an intermediate in the production of other chemicals. In medicine, it is used as a local anesthetic and antimicrobial agent. It can be found in some personal care products, such as cosmetics, shampoos, and sunscreens, as well as in topical medications and intravenous medications.

Benzoin, in a medical context, most commonly refers to a type of compound called a benzoin resin or benzoin tincture, which is derived from the bark of certain trees in the genus Styrax. It has been used traditionally in medicine for its antiseptic and expectorant properties.

Benzoin resin is obtained by making incisions in the bark of the tree and allowing the resin to exude and harden. The solidified resin is then collected and may be ground into a powder or dissolved in alcohol to create a tincture.

Benzoin tincture has been used topically as an antiseptic and to help heal wounds, ulcers, and burns. It has also been used as an expectorant to help clear respiratory congestion and coughs.

It is important to note that benzoin should be used with caution, as it can cause skin irritation and allergic reactions in some people. Additionally, benzoin tincture contains a significant amount of alcohol and should not be taken internally without the guidance of a healthcare professional.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Mandelic Acids" is not a recognized medical term or concept in dermatology or medicine. Mandelic acid, however, is a type of chemical compound used in skincare products for various purposes such as exfoliation and reducing hyperpigmentation. It is an aromatic hydroxyacetic acid derived from mandelic almonds. If you have any questions about skincare ingredients or treatments, I'd be happy to help clarify those for you!

Benzyl alcohol is an aromatic alcohol with the chemical formula C6H5CH2OH. It is a colorless liquid with a mild, pleasant odor and is used as a solvent and preservative in cosmetics, medications, and other products. Benzyl alcohol can also be found as a natural component of some essential oils, fruits, and teas.

Benzyl alcohol is not typically considered a "drug" or a medication, but it may have various pharmacological effects when used in certain medical contexts. For example, it has antimicrobial properties and is sometimes used as a preservative in injectable medications to prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi. It can also be used as a local anesthetic or analgesic in some topical creams and ointments.

It's important to note that benzyl alcohol can be harmful or fatal to infants and young children, especially when it is used in high concentrations or when it is introduced into the body through intravenous (IV) routes. Therefore, it should be used with caution in these populations and only under the guidance of a healthcare professional.

Aldehyde oxidoreductases are a class of enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of aldehydes to carboxylic acids using NAD+ or FAD as cofactors. They play a crucial role in the detoxification of aldehydes generated from various metabolic processes, such as lipid peroxidation and alcohol metabolism. These enzymes are widely distributed in nature and have been identified in bacteria, yeast, plants, and animals.

The oxidation reaction catalyzed by aldehyde oxidoreductases involves the transfer of electrons from the aldehyde substrate to the cofactor, resulting in the formation of a carboxylic acid and reduced NAD+ or FAD. The enzymes are classified into several families based on their sequence similarity and cofactor specificity.

One of the most well-known members of this family is alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), which catalyzes the oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones as part of the alcohol metabolism pathway. Another important member is aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), which further oxidizes the aldehydes generated by ADH to carboxylic acids, thereby preventing the accumulation of toxic aldehydes in the body.

Deficiencies in ALDH enzymes have been linked to several human diseases, including alcoholism and certain types of cancer. Therefore, understanding the structure and function of aldehyde oxidoreductases is essential for developing new therapeutic strategies to treat these conditions.

Benzyl compounds are organic chemical compounds that contain a benzyl group, which is a functional group consisting of a carbon atom attached to a CH3 group (methyl group) and an aromatic ring, usually a phenyl group. The benzyl group can be represented as -CH2-C6H5.

Benzyl compounds have various applications in different fields such as pharmaceuticals, flavors, fragrances, dyes, and polymers. In pharmaceuticals, benzyl compounds are used as active ingredients or intermediates in the synthesis of drugs. For example, benzylpenicillin is a widely used antibiotic that contains a benzyl group.

Benzyl alcohol, benzyl chloride, and benzyl acetate are some common examples of benzyl compounds with various industrial applications. Benzyl alcohol is used as a solvent, preservative, and intermediate in the synthesis of other chemicals. Benzyl chloride is an important chemical used in the production of resins, dyes, and pharmaceuticals. Benzyl acetate is used as a flavoring agent and fragrance in food and cosmetic products.

It's worth noting that benzyl compounds can be toxic or harmful if ingested, inhaled, or come into contact with the skin, depending on their chemical properties and concentrations. Therefore, they should be handled with care and used under appropriate safety measures.

Aldehyde oxidase is an enzyme found in the liver and other organs that helps to metabolize (break down) various substances, including drugs, alcohol, and environmental toxins. It does this by catalyzing the oxidation of aldehydes, which are organic compounds containing a functional group consisting of a carbon atom bonded to a hydrogen atom and a double bond to an oxygen atom. Aldehyde oxidase is a member of the molybdenum-containing oxidoreductase family, which also includes xanthine oxidase and sulfite oxidase. These enzymes all contain a molybdenum cofactor that plays a critical role in their catalytic activity.

Aldehyde oxidase is an important enzyme in the metabolism of many drugs, as it can convert them into more water-soluble compounds that can be easily excreted from the body. However, variations in the activity of this enzyme between individuals can lead to differences in drug metabolism and response. Some people may have higher or lower levels of aldehyde oxidase activity, which can affect how quickly they metabolize certain drugs and whether they experience adverse effects.

In addition to its role in drug metabolism, aldehyde oxidase has been implicated in the development of various diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative disorders. For example, elevated levels of aldehydes produced by lipid peroxidation have been linked to oxidative stress and inflammation, which can contribute to the progression of these conditions. Aldehyde oxidase may also play a role in the detoxification of environmental pollutants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heterocyclic amines (HCAs), which have been associated with an increased risk of cancer.

Overall, aldehyde oxidase is an important enzyme that plays a critical role in the metabolism of drugs and other substances, as well as in the development of various diseases. Understanding its activity and regulation may help to develop new strategies for treating or preventing these conditions.

Aldehydes are a class of organic compounds characterized by the presence of a functional group consisting of a carbon atom bonded to a hydrogen atom and a double bonded oxygen atom, also known as a formyl or aldehyde group. The general chemical structure of an aldehyde is R-CHO, where R represents a hydrocarbon chain.

Aldehydes are important in biochemistry and medicine as they are involved in various metabolic processes and are found in many biological molecules. For example, glucose is converted to pyruvate through a series of reactions that involve aldehyde intermediates. Additionally, some aldehydes have been identified as toxicants or environmental pollutants, such as formaldehyde, which is a known carcinogen and respiratory irritant.

Formaldehyde is also commonly used in medical and laboratory settings for its disinfectant properties and as a fixative for tissue samples. However, exposure to high levels of formaldehyde can be harmful to human health, causing symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, and irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat. Therefore, appropriate safety measures must be taken when handling aldehydes in medical and laboratory settings.

Alcohol oxidoreductases are a class of enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones, while reducing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) to NADH. These enzymes play an important role in the metabolism of alcohols and other organic compounds in living organisms.

The most well-known example of an alcohol oxidoreductase is alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), which is responsible for the oxidation of ethanol to acetaldehyde in the liver during the metabolism of alcoholic beverages. Other examples include aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDH) and sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH).

These enzymes are important targets for the development of drugs used to treat alcohol use disorder, as inhibiting their activity can help to reduce the rate of ethanol metabolism and the severity of its effects on the body.

Toluene is not a medical condition or disease, but it is a chemical compound that is widely used in various industrial and commercial applications. Medically, toluene can be relevant as a substance of abuse due to its intoxicating effects when inhaled or sniffed. It is a colorless liquid with a distinctive sweet aroma, and it is a common solvent found in many products such as paint thinners, adhesives, and rubber cement.

In the context of medical toxicology, toluene exposure can lead to various health issues, including neurological damage, cognitive impairment, memory loss, nausea, vomiting, and hearing and vision problems. Chronic exposure to toluene can also cause significant harm to the developing fetus during pregnancy, leading to developmental delays, behavioral problems, and physical abnormalities.

Aldehyde-lyases are a class of enzymes that catalyze the breakdown or synthesis of molecules involving an aldehyde group through a reaction known as lyase cleavage. This type of reaction results in the removal of a molecule, typically water or carbon dioxide, from the substrate.

In the case of aldehyde-lyases, these enzymes specifically catalyze reactions that involve the conversion of an aldehyde into a carboxylic acid or vice versa. These enzymes are important in various metabolic pathways and play a crucial role in the biosynthesis and degradation of several biomolecules, including carbohydrates, amino acids, and lipids.

The systematic name for this class of enzymes is "ald(e)hyde-lyases." They are classified under EC number 4.3.1 in the Enzyme Commission (EC) system.

'Acinetobacter' is a genus of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria that are commonly found in the environment, including water, soil, and healthcare settings. They are known for their ability to survive in a wide range of temperatures and pH levels, as well as their resistance to many antibiotics.

Some species of Acinetobacter can cause healthcare-associated infections, particularly in patients who are hospitalized, have weakened immune systems, or have been exposed to medical devices such as ventilators or catheters. These infections can include pneumonia, bloodstream infections, wound infections, and meningitis.

Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the most common species associated with human infection and is often resistant to multiple antibiotics, making it a significant public health concern. Infections caused by Acinetobacter can be difficult to treat and may require the use of last-resort antibiotics.

Preventing the spread of Acinetobacter in healthcare settings is important and includes practices such as hand hygiene, environmental cleaning, and contact precautions for patients with known or suspected infection.

In chemistry, an alcohol is a broad term that refers to any organic compound characterized by the presence of a hydroxyl (-OH) functional group attached to a carbon atom. This means that alcohols are essentially hydrocarbons with a hydroxyl group. The simplest alcohol is methanol (CH3OH), and ethanol (C2H5OH), also known as ethyl alcohol, is the type of alcohol found in alcoholic beverages.

In the context of medical definitions, alcohol primarily refers to ethanol, which has significant effects on the human body when consumed. Ethanol can act as a central nervous system depressant, leading to various physiological and psychological changes depending on the dose and frequency of consumption. Excessive or prolonged use of ethanol can result in various health issues, including addiction, liver disease, neurological damage, and increased risk of injuries due to impaired judgment and motor skills.

It is important to note that there are other types of alcohols (e.g., methanol, isopropyl alcohol) with different chemical structures and properties, but they are not typically consumed by humans and can be toxic or even lethal in high concentrations.

Benzoic acid is an organic compound with the formula C6H5COOH. It is a colorless crystalline solid that is slightly soluble in water and more soluble in organic solvents. Benzoic acid occurs naturally in various plants and serves as an intermediate in the synthesis of other chemical compounds.

In medical terms, benzoic acid and its salts (sodium benzoate, potassium benzoate) are used as preservatives in food, beverages, and cosmetics to prevent bacterial growth. They work by inhibiting the growth of bacteria, particularly gram-positive bacteria, through the disruption of their energy production processes.

Additionally, sodium benzoate is sometimes used as a treatment for hyperammonemia, a condition characterized by high levels of ammonia in the blood. In this case, sodium benzoate acts as a detoxifying agent by binding to excess ammonia and converting it into a more easily excreted compound called hippuric acid.

It is important to note that benzoic acid and its salts can cause allergic reactions or skin irritation in some individuals, particularly those with pre-existing sensitivities or conditions. As with any medication or chemical substance, it should be used under the guidance of a healthcare professional.

Xylenes are aromatic hydrocarbons that are often used as solvents in the industrial field. They are composed of two benzene rings with methyl side groups (-CH3) and can be found as a mixture of isomers: ortho-xylene, meta-xylene, and para-xylene.

In a medical context, xylenes may be relevant due to their potential for exposure in occupational settings or through environmental contamination. Short-term exposure to high levels of xylenes can cause irritation of the eyes, nose, throat, and lungs, as well as symptoms such as headache, dizziness, and nausea. Long-term exposure has been linked to neurological effects, including memory impairment, hearing loss, and changes in behavior and mood.

It is worth noting that xylenes are not typically considered a direct medical diagnosis, but rather a potential exposure hazard or environmental contaminant that may have health impacts.

Glyoxylates are organic compounds that are intermediates in various metabolic pathways, including the glyoxylate cycle. The glyoxylate cycle is a modified version of the Krebs cycle (also known as the citric acid cycle) and is found in plants, bacteria, and some fungi.

Glyoxylates are formed from the breakdown of certain amino acids or from the oxidation of one-carbon units. They can be converted into glycine, an important amino acid involved in various metabolic processes. In the glyoxylate cycle, glyoxylates are combined with acetyl-CoA to form malate and succinate, which can then be used to synthesize glucose or other organic compounds.

Abnormal accumulation of glyoxylates in the body can lead to the formation of calcium oxalate crystals, which can cause kidney stones and other health problems. Certain genetic disorders, such as primary hyperoxaluria, can result in overproduction of glyoxylates and increased risk of kidney stone formation.

Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) is the active form of thiamine (vitamin B1) that plays a crucial role as a cofactor in various enzymatic reactions, particularly in carbohydrate metabolism. TPP is essential for the functioning of three key enzymes: pyruvate dehydrogenase, alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, and transketolase. These enzymes are involved in critical processes such as the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA, the oxidative decarboxylation of alpha-ketoglutarate in the Krebs cycle, and the pentose phosphate pathway, which is important for generating reducing equivalents (NADPH) and ribose sugars for nucleotide synthesis. A deficiency in thiamine or TPP can lead to severe neurological disorders, including beriberi and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, which are often observed in alcoholics due to poor nutrition and impaired thiamine absorption.

Semicarbazones are chemical compounds that result from the reaction between a carbonyl group (a functional group consisting of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom: C=O) and semicarbazide. Semicarbazide is a compound with the formula NH2-NH-CO-NH2.

In organic chemistry, the formation of semicarbazones is one method used to protect carbonyl groups during chemical synthesis. These compounds are also important in analytical chemistry as they can be used to identify and quantify aldehydes and ketones.

It's worth noting that while semicarbazones have significant uses in chemistry, they don't have a specific medical definition. However, certain semicarbazone derivatives have been explored for their potential medicinal properties, such as antimicrobial, antiviral, and antitumor activities. But these applications are still largely in the research phase and haven't yet resulted in widely used medical treatments or diagnoses.

"Pseudomonas putida" is a species of gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria that is commonly found in soil and water environments. It is a non-pathogenic, opportunistic microorganism that is known for its versatile metabolism and ability to degrade various organic compounds. This bacterium has been widely studied for its potential applications in bioremediation and industrial biotechnology due to its ability to break down pollutants such as toluene, xylene, and other aromatic hydrocarbons. It is also known for its resistance to heavy metals and antibiotics, making it a valuable tool in the study of bacterial survival mechanisms and potential applications in bioremediation and waste treatment.

Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN) is a chemical compound with the formula H-C≡N. It is a colorless, extremely poisonous and flammable liquid that has a bitter almond-like odor in its pure form. However, not everyone can detect its odor, as some people lack the ability to smell it, which makes it even more dangerous. It is soluble in water and alcohol, and its aqueous solution is called hydrocyanic acid or prussic acid.

Hydrogen Cyanide is rapidly absorbed by inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact, and it inhibits the enzyme cytochrome c oxidase, which is essential for cellular respiration. This leads to rapid death due to hypoxia (lack of oxygen) at the cellular level. It is used industrially in large quantities as a pesticide, fumigant, and chemical intermediate, but it also has significant potential for use as a chemical weapon.

In the medical field, Hydrogen Cyanide poisoning can be treated with high-concentration oxygen, sodium nitrite, and sodium thiosulfate, which help to restore the function of cytochrome c oxidase and enhance the elimination of cyanide from the body.

Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) is a class of enzymes that play a crucial role in the metabolism of alcohol and other aldehydes in the body. These enzymes catalyze the oxidation of aldehydes to carboxylic acids, using nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) as a cofactor.

There are several isoforms of ALDH found in different tissues throughout the body, with varying substrate specificities and kinetic properties. The most well-known function of ALDH is its role in alcohol metabolism, where it converts the toxic aldehyde intermediate acetaldehyde to acetate, which can then be further metabolized or excreted.

Deficiencies in ALDH activity have been linked to a number of clinical conditions, including alcohol flush reaction, alcohol-induced liver disease, and certain types of cancer. Additionally, increased ALDH activity has been associated with chemotherapy resistance in some cancer cells.

Benzylidene compounds are organic chemical compounds that contain a benzylidene group, which is a functional group consisting of a carbon atom double-bonded to a carbonyl group and single-bonded to a phenyl ring. The general structure of a benzylidene compound can be represented as R-CH=C(Ph)-O-, where R is an organic residue and Ph represents the phenyl group.

These compounds are known for their wide range of applications in various fields, including pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, dyes, and perfumes. Some benzylidene compounds exhibit biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties, making them valuable candidates for drug development.

It is important to note that the term 'benzylidene' refers only to the functional group and not to a specific class of compounds. Therefore, there are many different types of benzylidene compounds with varying chemical structures and properties.

Benzene derivatives are chemical compounds that are derived from benzene, which is a simple aromatic hydrocarbon with the molecular formula C6H6. Benzene has a planar, hexagonal ring structure, and its derivatives are formed by replacing one or more of the hydrogen atoms in the benzene molecule with other functional groups.

Benzene derivatives have a wide range of applications in various industries, including pharmaceuticals, dyes, plastics, and explosives. Some common examples of benzene derivatives include toluene, xylene, phenol, aniline, and nitrobenzene. These compounds can have different physical and chemical properties depending on the nature and position of the substituents attached to the benzene ring.

It is important to note that some benzene derivatives are known to be toxic or carcinogenic, and their production, use, and disposal must be carefully regulated to ensure safety and protect public health.

Liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) is a sample preparation technique used in analytical chemistry and clinical laboratory medicine. It is a miniaturized version of traditional liquid-liquid extraction, which involves the separation of analytes from a sample matrix based on their partitioning between two immiscible liquids.

In LPME, a small volume (microliters to nanoliters) of an organic extractant phase is placed in a micro-syringe or contained within a porous membrane or hollow fiber. This extractant phase is then introduced into a larger sample solution, where analytes partition from the aqueous sample matrix into the organic phase due to their higher solubility in the organic solvent. After equilibrium has been reached, the extractant phase is withdrawn and analyzed for the presence of the target analytes using various analytical techniques such as gas chromatography (GC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), or mass spectrometry (MS).

LPME offers several advantages over traditional liquid-liquid extraction, including reduced solvent consumption, lower cost, shorter analysis time, and higher enrichment factors. It is commonly used for the preconcentration and cleanup of environmental, biological, and clinical samples prior to analysis.

Substrate specificity in the context of medical biochemistry and enzymology refers to the ability of an enzyme to selectively bind and catalyze a chemical reaction with a particular substrate (or a group of similar substrates) while discriminating against other molecules that are not substrates. This specificity arises from the three-dimensional structure of the enzyme, which has evolved to match the shape, charge distribution, and functional groups of its physiological substrate(s).

Substrate specificity is a fundamental property of enzymes that enables them to carry out highly selective chemical transformations in the complex cellular environment. The active site of an enzyme, where the catalysis takes place, has a unique conformation that complements the shape and charge distribution of its substrate(s). This ensures efficient recognition, binding, and conversion of the substrate into the desired product while minimizing unwanted side reactions with other molecules.

Substrate specificity can be categorized as:

1. Absolute specificity: An enzyme that can only act on a single substrate or a very narrow group of structurally related substrates, showing no activity towards any other molecule.
2. Group specificity: An enzyme that prefers to act on a particular functional group or class of compounds but can still accommodate minor structural variations within the substrate.
3. Broad or promiscuous specificity: An enzyme that can act on a wide range of structurally diverse substrates, albeit with varying catalytic efficiencies.

Understanding substrate specificity is crucial for elucidating enzymatic mechanisms, designing drugs that target specific enzymes or pathways, and developing biotechnological applications that rely on the controlled manipulation of enzyme activities.

"Zymomonas" is a genus of Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacteria that are commonly found in sugar-rich environments such as fruit and flower nectar. The most well-known species in this genus is Zymomonas mobilis, which has attracted significant interest in the field of biofuels research due to its ability to efficiently ferment sugars into ethanol.

Zymomonas bacteria are unique in their metabolism and possess a number of unusual features, including a highly streamlined genome, a single polar flagellum for motility, and the ability to survive and grow at relatively high temperatures and ethanol concentrations. These characteristics make Zymomonas an attractive candidate for industrial applications, particularly in the production of biofuels and other bioproducts.

In addition to their potential industrial uses, Zymomonas bacteria have also been implicated in certain human diseases, particularly in individuals with weakened immune systems or underlying medical conditions. However, such cases are relatively rare, and the overall impact of Zymomonas on human health is still not well understood.

In the context of medicine, "odors" refer to smells or scents that are produced by certain medical conditions, substances, or bodily functions. These odors can sometimes provide clues about underlying health issues. For example, sweet-smelling urine could indicate diabetes, while foul-smelling breath might suggest a dental problem or gastrointestinal issue. However, it's important to note that while odors can sometimes be indicative of certain medical conditions, they are not always reliable diagnostic tools and should be considered in conjunction with other symptoms and medical tests.

Thioglycolates are a group of chemical compounds that contain a thiol (sulfhydryl) group (-SH) bonded to a glycolate group. In the context of medical and cosmetic use, the term "thioglycolates" often refers to salts of thioglycolic acid, which are used as depilatories or hair-curling agents.

Thioglycolates work by breaking the disulfide bonds in keratin, the protein that makes up hair and nails. When applied to hair, thioglycolates reduce the disulfide bonds into sulfhydryl groups, making the hair more flexible and easier to shape or remove. This property is exploited in hair-curling products and depilatories (hair removal creams).

It's important to note that thioglycolates can cause skin irritation, allergic reactions, and respiratory issues in some individuals. Therefore, they should be used with caution, following the manufacturer's instructions, and in a well-ventilated area.

"Pentanols" is not a recognized medical term. However, in chemistry, pentanols refer to a group of alcohols containing five carbon atoms. The general formula for pentanols is C5H12O, and they have various subcategories such as primary, secondary, and tertiary pentanols, depending on the type of hydroxyl (-OH) group attachment to the carbon chain.

In a medical context, alcohols like methanol and ethanol can be toxic and cause various health issues. However, there is no specific medical relevance associated with "pentanols" as a group. If you have any further questions or need information about a specific chemical compound, please let me know!

Esterases are a group of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of ester bonds in esters, producing alcohols and carboxylic acids. They are widely distributed in plants, animals, and microorganisms and play important roles in various biological processes, such as metabolism, digestion, and detoxification.

Esterases can be classified into several types based on their substrate specificity, including carboxylesterases, cholinesterases, lipases, and phosphatases. These enzymes have different structures and mechanisms of action but all share the ability to hydrolyze esters.

Carboxylesterases are the most abundant and diverse group of esterases, with a wide range of substrate specificity. They play important roles in the metabolism of drugs, xenobiotics, and lipids. Cholinesterases, on the other hand, specifically hydrolyze choline esters, such as acetylcholine, which is an important neurotransmitter in the nervous system. Lipases are a type of esterase that preferentially hydrolyzes triglycerides and plays a crucial role in fat digestion and metabolism. Phosphatases are enzymes that remove phosphate groups from various molecules, including esters, and have important functions in signal transduction and other cellular processes.

Esterases can also be used in industrial applications, such as in the production of biodiesel, detergents, and food additives. They are often produced by microbial fermentation or extracted from plants and animals. The use of esterases in biotechnology is an active area of research, with potential applications in biofuel production, bioremediation, and medical diagnostics.

Benzoates are the salts and esters of benzoic acid. They are widely used as preservatives in foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals to prevent the growth of microorganisms. The chemical formula for benzoic acid is C6H5COOH, and when it is combined with a base (like sodium or potassium), it forms a benzoate salt (e.g., sodium benzoate or potassium benzoate). When benzoic acid reacts with an alcohol, it forms a benzoate ester (e.g., methyl benzoate or ethyl benzoate).

Benzoates are generally considered safe for use in food and cosmetics in small quantities. However, some people may have allergies or sensitivities to benzoates, which can cause reactions such as hives, itching, or asthma symptoms. In addition, there is ongoing research into the potential health effects of consuming high levels of benzoates over time, particularly in relation to gut health and the development of certain diseases.

In a medical context, benzoates may also be used as a treatment for certain conditions. For example, sodium benzoate is sometimes given to people with elevated levels of ammonia in their blood (hyperammonemia) to help reduce those levels and prevent brain damage. This is because benzoates can bind with excess ammonia in the body and convert it into a form that can be excreted in urine.

"Pseudomonas" is a genus of Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria that are widely found in soil, water, and plants. Some species of Pseudomonas can cause disease in animals and humans, with P. aeruginosa being the most clinically relevant as it's an opportunistic pathogen capable of causing various types of infections, particularly in individuals with weakened immune systems.

P. aeruginosa is known for its remarkable ability to resist many antibiotics and disinfectants, making infections caused by this bacterium difficult to treat. It can cause a range of healthcare-associated infections, such as pneumonia, bloodstream infections, urinary tract infections, and surgical site infections. In addition, it can also cause external ear infections and eye infections.

Prompt identification and appropriate antimicrobial therapy are crucial for managing Pseudomonas infections, although the increasing antibiotic resistance poses a significant challenge in treatment.

In the context of medicine and pharmacology, "kinetics" refers to the study of how a drug moves throughout the body, including its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (often abbreviated as ADME). This field is called "pharmacokinetics."

1. Absorption: This is the process of a drug moving from its site of administration into the bloodstream. Factors such as the route of administration (e.g., oral, intravenous, etc.), formulation, and individual physiological differences can affect absorption.

2. Distribution: Once a drug is in the bloodstream, it gets distributed throughout the body to various tissues and organs. This process is influenced by factors like blood flow, protein binding, and lipid solubility of the drug.

3. Metabolism: Drugs are often chemically modified in the body, typically in the liver, through processes known as metabolism. These changes can lead to the formation of active or inactive metabolites, which may then be further distributed, excreted, or undergo additional metabolic transformations.

4. Excretion: This is the process by which drugs and their metabolites are eliminated from the body, primarily through the kidneys (urine) and the liver (bile).

Understanding the kinetics of a drug is crucial for determining its optimal dosing regimen, potential interactions with other medications or foods, and any necessary adjustments for special populations like pediatric or geriatric patients, or those with impaired renal or hepatic function.

'Alcaligenes' is a genus of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria that are commonly found in soil, water, and the respiratory and intestinal tracts of animals. These bacteria are capable of using a variety of organic compounds as their sole source of carbon and energy. Some species of Alcaligenes have been known to cause opportunistic infections in humans, particularly in individuals with weakened immune systems. However, they are not considered major human pathogens.

The name 'Alcaligenes' comes from the Latin word "alcali," meaning "alkali," and the Greek word "genos," meaning "kind" or "race." This is because many species of Alcaligenes can grow in alkaline environments with a pH above 7.

It's worth noting that while Alcaligenes species are not typically harmful to healthy individuals, they may be resistant to certain antibiotics and can cause serious infections in people with compromised immune systems. Therefore, it is important for healthcare professionals to consider the possibility of Alcaligenes infection in patients who are at risk and to choose appropriate antibiotic therapy based on laboratory testing.

"Pseudomonas fluorescens" is a gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium found in various environments such as soil, water, and some plants. It is a non-pathogenic species of the Pseudomonas genus, which means it does not typically cause disease in humans. The name "fluorescens" comes from its ability to produce a yellow-green pigment that fluoresces under ultraviolet light. This bacterium is known for its versatility and adaptability, as well as its ability to break down various organic compounds, making it useful in bioremediation and other industrial applications.

Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is an advanced technique used in analytical chemistry for the preparation and extraction of samples. It's not exclusively a medical term, but it does have applications in clinical and medical research. Here's a definition:

Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is a solvent-free sample preparation technique that integrates sampling, extraction, concentration, and cleanup into a single step. It involves the use of a fused-silica fiber, which is coated with a thin layer of a stationary phase, such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) or polyacrylate. This fiber is exposed to the sample matrix, allowing the analytes (compounds of interest) to be adsorbed or absorbed onto the coating. After the extraction step, the fiber is then inserted into a gas chromatograph or high-performance liquid chromatograph for analysis. SPME is widely used in various fields, including environmental monitoring, food analysis, and biomedical research, due to its simplicity, rapidity, and low cost. In the medical field, it can be applied for the analysis of drugs, metabolites, or other compounds in biological samples such as blood, urine, or tissue.

... and similar chemicals occur naturally in many foods. Most of the benzaldehyde that people eat is from natural ... Benzaldehyde is also a precursor to certain acridine dyes. Via aldol condensations, benzaldehyde is converted into derivatives ... A component of bitter almond oil, benzaldehyde can be extracted from a number of other natural sources. Synthetic benzaldehyde ... Benzyl alcohol can be formed from benzaldehyde by means of hydrogenation. Reaction of benzaldehyde with anhydrous sodium ...
... is an organic compound with the formula C7H7NO. Benzaldehyde oxime can be synthesized from benzaldehyde and ... Benzaldehyde oxime undergoes Beckmann rearrangement to form benzamide, catalyzed by nickel salts or photocatalyzed by BODIPY. ... It can be hydrolyzed to regenerate benzaldehyde. It reacts with N-chlorosuccinimide in DMF to form benzohydroximoyl chloride, ... Loupy, André; Régnier, Serge (August 1999). "Solvent-free microwave-assisted Beckmann rearrangement of benzaldehyde and 2- ...
In enzymology, a benzaldehyde dehydrogenase (NADP+) (EC 1.2.1.7) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction benzaldehyde ... Other names in common use include NADP+-linked benzaldehyde dehydrogenase, and benzaldehyde dehydrogenase (NADP+). This enzyme ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is benzaldehyde:NADP+ oxidoreductase. ... 2 H+ The 3 substrates of this enzyme are benzaldehyde, NADP+, and H2O, whereas its 3 products are benzoate, NADPH, and H+. This ...
In enzymology, a benzaldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+) (EC 1.2.1.28) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction benzaldehyde ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is benzaldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase. Other names in common use include benzaldehyde ( ... 2 H+ The 3 substrates of this enzyme are benzaldehyde, NAD+, and H2O, whereas its 3 products are benzoate, NADH, and H+. This ... NAD+) dehydrogenase, and benzaldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+). This enzyme participates in benzoate degradation via hydroxylation ...
Brühne, Friedrich; Wright, Elaine (2011). "Benzaldehyde". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. ...
Wright, Elaine & Brühne, Friedrich (2000). Benzaldehyde. p. 8. doi:10.1002/14356007.a03_463. ISBN 978-3527306732. {{cite book ... The chemical is produced by either the Henry reaction of benzaldehyde and nitromethane or by direct nitration of styrene using ...
It can also be synthesized by the Tishchenko reaction, using benzaldehyde with sodium benzyloxide (generated from sodium and ... Brühne F, Wright E (15 October 2011). "Benzaldehyde". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Wiley. doi:10.1002/ ...
The O-benzyl structure then undergoes a pericyclic reaction to produce a benzaldehyde, with dimethyloxime as a byproduct. ... A General Synthesis of Substituted Benzaldehydes". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 71 (5): 1767-1769. doi:10.1021/ja01173a066. Bersohn, ... is an organic oxidation reaction that converts benzyl halides into benzaldehydes using the sodium salt of 2-nitropropane as the ...
Merck Index, 11th Edition, 8295 Brühne, F.; Wright, E. "Benzaldehyde". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim ...
... benzaldehyde". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 24 December 2021. Ehmann, A. (1977). "The van URK-Salkowski reagent - a ...
The furan-derived compounds 4-(furan-3-yl)benzaldehyde and 4-(5-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)benzaldehyde have been identified as ... Kokubun, Tetsuo; Rozwadowski, Zbigniew; Duddeck, Helmut (2007). "Benzaldehyde derivatives from Sarcodontia crocea". Journal of ...
Matsumoto, M.; Kobayashi, K.; Hotta, Y. (1984). "Acid-catalyzed oxidation of benzaldehydes to phenols by hydrogen peroxide". ... "The oxidation of hydroxy derivatives of benzaldehyde, acetophenone, and related substances". American Chemical Journal. 42 (6 ...
"Antibacterial benzaldehydes produced by seaweed-derived Streptomyces atrovirens PK288-21". Fisheries Science. 78 (5): 1065-1073 ...
For example, reaction between sterically hindered t-butyl acrylate and benzaldehyde with catalytic DABCO in the absence of ... Methyl vinyl ketone and various substituted benzaldehydes were found to undergo asymmetric MBH reaction. The chiral pyrrolidine ... hindered aliphatic aldehydes or electron-rich benzaldehydes. Ketones are generally not reactive enough under ordinary ... catalyst was effective for ortho- and para-substituted electron-deficient benzaldehydes (75-99% yield, 8-73% ee). Chiral ...
It is one of main benzaldehyde component of automobile exhaust. Benzaldehyde 4-Methylbenzaldehyde Salicylaldehyde H. B. Hass; ...
The compound is structurally related to benzaldehyde. This compound is popular commercially because of its pleasant woody ...
Benzaldehyde, for bees Butopyronoxyl (trade name Indalone). Widely used in a "6-2-2" mixture (60% Dimethyl phthalate, 20% ...
Darzens reaction between benzaldehyde and chloroacetate esters. Wacker oxidation of styrene. Hofmann rearrangement of ...
The respiratory irritants were Acrolein and Benzaldehyde. In part three of the experiment series, polar narcotics phenol, 2,4- ... Acrolein and Benzaldehyde". Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 6 (4): 313-328. doi:10.1002/etc.5620060408. Bradbury SP, ...
nov., two novel anaerobic, benzaldehyde-converting bacteria". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology ...
Like many benzaldehydes, isophthalaldehyde forms a variety of Schiff base derivatives. Being bifunctional (having two formyl ... Phthalaldehyde Terephthalaldehyde Benzaldehyde 2,6-Diformylpyridine Britton, Doyle (2002). "O- andm-Benzenedicarbaldehyde". ...
Liebig and Wöhler found three hydrolysis products of amygdalin: sugar, benzaldehyde, and prussic acid (hydrogen cyanide, HCN). ... Gentiobiose is further hydrolyzed to give glucose, whereas mandelonitrile (the cyanohydrin of benzaldehyde) decomposes to give ... Mandelonitrile, however, dissociates to benzaldehyde and hydrogen cyanide, and cannot be stabilized by glycosylation.: 9 ... Benzaldehyde released from amygdalin provides a bitter flavor. Because of a difference in a recessive gene called Sweet kernal ...
The solution cannot differentiate between benzaldehyde and acetone. The net reaction between an aldehyde and the copper(II) ...
Similarly, toluene reacts with CYP450 to form benzaldehyde. Hippuric acid has been reported to be a marker for Parkinson's ... In all of the aforementioned cases, benzaldehyde undergoes biotransformation via CYP450 to benzoic acid followed by conjugation ... and benzaldehyde. Alternatively, under certain conditions, phenylpyruvic acid may undergo a redox mechanism, such as Iron(II) ... react with the alpha carbon subsequently form an dioxetanol intermediate followed by formation of oxalic acid and benzaldehyde ...
Female antennae can detect benzaldehyde and acetic acid. It has been shown that females are more likely to choose males with ... Males have specific scent organs called hair-pencils that contain benzyl alcohol in young males as well as benzaldehyde and ...
Benzaldehyde is used for cherry or almond flavoring. Cinnamaldehyde is used for cinnamon flavoring. Cresol is used for leathery ... benzaldehyde, cresol, butyraldehyde, and isoamyl acetate. Sugars are frequently used in e-liquids to provide a sweet flavor. ...
Oxidation of toluene to benzaldehyde is quite a useful conversion. Benzaldehyde is routinely used for its almond flavor. The ... Benzaldehyde can serve as a precursor for various compounds, including dyes, perfumes, and pharmaceuticals. For example, the ... For example, toluene can be oxidized to benzaldehyde. It is named for the French chemist Alexandre Léon Étard (5 January 1852, ... The Étard reaction is most commonly used as a relatively easy method of converting toluene into benzaldehyde. Obtaining ...
Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Benzaldehyde. In: International Journal of Toxicology. 25, 2006, p. 11-27, doi:10.1080 ... The disubstituted benzal chloride is converted to benzaldehyde, a popular flavorant and intermediate for the production of ...
In the classic example, benzaldehyde is converted to benzoin. The benzoin condensation was first reported in 1832 by Justus von ... Some aldehydes can only donate protons, such as 4-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde, whereas benzaldehyde is both a proton acceptor and ...
Benzaldehyde does not have a systematic form with -al. International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Commission on ...
Benzaldehyde and similar chemicals occur naturally in many foods. Most of the benzaldehyde that people eat is from natural ... Benzaldehyde is also a precursor to certain acridine dyes. Via aldol condensations, benzaldehyde is converted into derivatives ... A component of bitter almond oil, benzaldehyde can be extracted from a number of other natural sources. Synthetic benzaldehyde ... Benzyl alcohol can be formed from benzaldehyde by means of hydrogenation. Reaction of benzaldehyde with anhydrous sodium ...
Other names: Artificial Almond Oil; Benzaldehyde FFC; Benzenecarbonal; Benzenecarboxaldehyde; Benzoic aldehyde; Phenylmethanal ...
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the Database ...
Structure, properties, spectra, suppliers and links for: 4-(3-DIMETHYLAMINOPROPOXY)BENZALDEHYDE, 26934-35-0.
Benzaldehyde ethyl isopentyl acetal , C14H22O2 , CID 101588403 - structure, chemical names, physical and chemical properties, ...
Shop 2-Chloro-4-(dimethylamino)benzaldehyde, ≥95%, Thermo Scientific™ at Fishersci.ca ...
Comprehensive supplier list for Benzaldehyde-18O,Benzaldehyde-2,3,4,5,6-D5 ... Synonyms: Benzaldehyde-d1, Benz(aldehyde-d), 3592-47-0, Benzaldehyde-d, Benzaldehyde-,A-d1, (alpha-2H)Benzaldehyde, ... Synonyms: Benzaldehyde-,A-13C, Benzaldehyde-alpha-13C, Benzaldehyde-carbonyl-13C, Benzaldehyde-,A-13C,d6, Benzaldehyde-( ... IUPAC Name: benzaldehyde , CAS Registry Number: 10383-90-1. Synonyms: Benzaldehyde-,A-13C, Benzaldehyde-alpha-13C, Benzaldehyde ...
CIL) offers product CLM-721-0.5 Benzaldehyde (carbonyl-¹³C, 99%) + 0.1% hydroquinone ... SynonymsBenzaldehyde-2,3,4,5,6-d5; 2,3,4,5,6-Pentadeuteriobenzaldehyde; Benz-d5-aldehyde; Benzaldehyde-d5; ... SynonymsBenzaldehyde-2,3,4,5,6-d5; 2,3,4,5,6-Pentadeuteriobenzaldehyde; Benz-d5-aldehyde; Benzaldehyde-d5; ...
Instead of doing etard for benzaldehyde, maybe do the Sommelet reaction lol since its much cleaner and uses less carcinogens ... Sciencemadness Discussion Board » Fundamentals » Organic Chemistry » toluene --, benzaldehyde. Select A Forum. Fundamentals. » ... Sciencemadness Discussion Board » Fundamentals » Organic Chemistry » toluene --, benzaldehyde. Select A Forum. Fundamentals. » ...
... benzaldehyde, 261763-02-4. Synonyms: 3-Chloro-2-fluoro-5-trifluoromethyl-benzaldehyde; benzaldehyde, 3-chloro-2-fluoro-5-( ... 3-Chloro-2-fluoro-5-trifluoromethyl-benzaldehyde; benzaldehyde, 3-chloro-2-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)- ... Suppliers of 3-Chloro-2-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde. Supplier:. JRD Fluorochemicals. ...
Typically In-Stock , CAS: 50777-76-9 , 2-(Diphenylphosphino)benzaldehyde , MF: C19H15OP , MW: 290.3
... benzaldehyde - C10H12O2, synthesis, structure, density, melting point, boiling point ... benzaldehyde , density of 4-(3-hydroxypropyl)benzaldehyde , refractive index of 4-(3-hydroxypropyl)benzaldehyde ... Tags: melting point of 4-(3-hydroxypropyl)benzaldehyde , boiling point of 4-(3-hydroxypropyl) ...
In 2021, Top importers of Aldehydes; cyclic, without other oxygen function, benzaldehyde from Spain were Germany ($292.18K , ... Aldehydes; cyclic, without other oxygen function, benzaldehyde. 2021. Spain. 7.00. Poland. Import. 291221. Aldehydes; cyclic, ... HS Code 291221: Aldehydes; cyclic, without other oxygen function, benzaldehyde. Please note: Exports is gross exports and ... Aldehydes; cyclic, without other oxygen function, benzaldehyde. 2021. Spain. 292.18. 19,994. Kg. ...
In Vivo Metabolism and Mass Balance of 4-[4-Fluorophenoxy]benzaldehyde Semicarbazone in Rats. Kumar Ramu, Gilbert N. Lam and ... 4-[4-fluorophenoxy]benzaldehyde semicarbazone. Co 200653. 4-(4-fluorophenoxy)benzoic acid. Co 103084. 4-(4-fluorophenyl) ... In Vivo Metabolism and Mass Balance of 4-[4-Fluorophenoxy]benzaldehyde Semicarbazone in Rats. Kumar Ramu, Gilbert N. Lam and ... In Vivo Metabolism and Mass Balance of 4-[4-Fluorophenoxy]benzaldehyde Semicarbazone in Rats. Kumar Ramu, Gilbert N. Lam and ...
"Benzaldehyde Dehydrogenase (NADP+)" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH ... An NADP+ dependent enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of benzaldehyde to BENZOIC ACID. It also plays a role in the degradation ... This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Benzaldehyde Dehydrogenase (NADP+)" by people in this website ... Below are the most recent publications written about "Benzaldehyde Dehydrogenase (NADP+)" by people in Profiles. ...
... benzaldehyde. We enable science by offering product choice, services, process excellence and our people make it happen. ...
117 Pages Report] Global benzaldehyde market would expand at steady CAGR of 3.60% over the period between 2019 and 2027. The ... GCC Benzaldehyde Market Volume, by End-user Segment, 2018 - 2027 (Tons). 6.6.3.2. GCC Benzaldehyde Market Revenue, by End-user ... Global Benzaldehyde Market: Market Overview by End-user. 5.1.1. Global Benzaldehyde Market Volume Share, by End-user, 2019 and ... Benzaldehyde: Description. *The organic compound Benzaldehyde is used for the synthesis of other organic compounds such as dyes ...
The benzaldehyde market is segregated into agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, aroma chemicals, cosmetics, dyes, and others. The ... Benzaldehyde Market Overview. The major trend gaining momentum in the global benzaldehyde market is the increasing use of the ... Benzaldehyde Market Competitive Landscape. Some of the major companies operating in the global benzaldehyde market are Kadillac ... Benzaldehyde, also known as benzoic aldehyde, is an aromatic compound that belongs to the functional group of aldehydes. It is ...
LBXBZAL - Benzaldehyde (ng/mL). Variable Name: LBXBZAL. SAS Label: Benzaldehyde (ng/mL). English Text: Benzaldehyde (ng/mL). ... LBDBZLC - Benzaldehyde Comment Code. Variable Name: LBDBZLC. SAS Label: Benzaldehyde Comment Code. English Text: Benzaldehyde ...
aromatic aldehyde benzaldehyde benzaldehyde cas 100-52-7 cas 100-52-7 cas 86-81-7 cas 93-02-7 phenylacetaldehyde ... Benzaldehyde 99.5% ACS Benzaldehyde (C6H5CHO) is an organic compound consisting of a benzene ring with a formyl substituent. It ... Benzaldehyde cas 100-52-7 Benzaldehyde cas 100-52-7 Price: 60USD/L Payment Terms: TT, Bitcoin, USDT, XMR, Western Union, ... Phenylacetone (P2P) synthesis from benzaldehyde with butanone Reagents: Benzaldehyde 1000 g; Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) 1000 ml ...
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3-(Diethoxymethyl)benzaldehyde. /shop/product/3-diethoxymethyl-benzaldehyde-260984 ¥ 1.00 ¥ 1.00 1.0 CNY ¥ 1.00 Product not ...
Benzaldehyde presents naturally in bitter almond oil, patchouli oil, and hyacinth oil. It appears colorless liquid with a ... Benzaldehyde Since the website is being revised and upgraded, some content and display problems may occur. We will fix them as ... Benzaldehyde presents naturally in bitter almond oil, patchouli oil, and hyacinth oil. It appears colorless liquid with a ... Benzaldehyde is widely used in chemical industry, especially in the preparation of perfumes, flavorings, and pharmaceuticals. ...
Home / Benzenes / 2-(Trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde. Aldehyds, Benzenes. 2-(Trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde. 6,00 €. - 271,00 €. ... Product Name: 2-(Trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde. CAS No.: 447-61-0 Molecular Weight: 174.12. MDL No.: MFCD00003337 Purity/ ...
In 2021, Top exporters of Aldehydes; cyclic, without other oxygen function, other than benzaldehyde to South Africa were China ... HS Code 291229: Aldehydes; cyclic, without other oxygen function, other than benzaldehyde. Please note: Exports is gross ... Aldehydes; cyclic, without other oxygen function, other than benzaldehyde. 2021. South Africa. 145.73. 1,810. Kg. ... Aldehydes; cyclic, without other oxygen function, other than benzaldehyde. 2021. South Africa. 72.87. 7,398. Kg. ...
2-Fluoro-4-(phenylethynyl)benzaldehyde. 2-Hydroxy-5-[(E)-2-phenylethenyl]benzaldehyde. 6-(2-Formyl-1-hydroxyphen-4-yl)hexan-1- ...
... while benzaldehyde is an aromatic aldehyde that occurs naturally in certain fruits and flowers, providing a distinct almond- ... Some flavoured foods contain benzaldehyde. Cosmetic and Pharmaceuticals products also contain benzaldehyde. Benzaldehyde is the ... What is Benzaldehyde?. Benzaldehyde is a reactive liquid. It is a colourless liquid and then changes to yellow colour. The ... Benzaldehyde is an oily yellow substance. It has an almond odour. Benzaldehyde is made of a single formyl group that gives ...
... supplier and exporter of p-DIMETHYL AMINO BENZALDEHYDE based in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. ...
  • Aolisenchem provides chemical intermediates 2-(Trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde CAS#447-61-0, which used as pharmaceutical intermediates. (aolisenchem.com)
  • Benzaldehyde undergoes disproportionation upon treatment with concentrated alkali (Cannizzaro reaction): one molecule of the aldehyde is reduced to the benzyl alcohol and another molecule is simultaneously oxidized to benzoic acid. (wikipedia.org)
  • Benzaldehyde, also known as benzoic aldehyde, is an aromatic compound that belongs to the functional group of aldehydes. (psmarketresearch.com)
  • Acetone is a colorless, volatile, and flammable liquid used as a solvent, while benzaldehyde is an aromatic aldehyde with a sweet, almond-like odor. (askanydifference.com)
  • Benzaldehyde is made of a single formyl group that gives aromatic aldehyde. (askanydifference.com)
  • Benzaldehyde is an organic compound that is composed of a benzene ring bonded to an aldehyde functional group. (pediaa.com)
  • Benzaldehyde is an aromatic aldehyde. (pediaa.com)
  • Both benzaldehyde and acetaldehyde are two types of aldehyde compounds. (pediaa.com)
  • Benzaldehyde, represented chemically as C7H6O, is a simple aromatic aldehyde and one of the most commonly encountered compounds in the group of aromatic aldehydes. (syndicatedanalytics.com)
  • Thus, volatility in crude oil prices is a major factor inhibiting the demand for benzaldehyde. (psmarketresearch.com)
  • Several market drivers contribute to the growth in demand for benzaldehyde. (syndicatedanalytics.com)
  • The pharmaceutical industry's consistent growth also bolsters the demand for benzaldehyde, given its importance in drug synthesis. (syndicatedanalytics.com)
  • Crude oil is a primary raw material for the production of benzaldehyde. (psmarketresearch.com)
  • In this work, authors develop process flowsheets in terms of profit for the production of benzaldehyde from toluene via process-network synthesis by deploying an algorithmic method based on P-graphs. (unab.edu.co)
  • There are three methods to synthesize benzaldehyde: toluene oxidation, catalytic dehydrogenation of benzyl alcohol, and hydrolysis of dichlorobenzyl methane. (foreverest.net)
  • Benzaldehyde is a chemical of significant importance in a variety of industries, which is mainly manufactured from toluene. (unab.edu.co)
  • Benzaldehyde (C6H5CHO) is an organic compound consisting of a benzene ring with a formyl substituent. (wikipedia.org)
  • Acetone has a simple structure (CH3COCH3) and is the smallest ketone, whereas benzaldehyde (C6H5CHO) contains a benzene ring. (askanydifference.com)
  • Benzaldehyde and similar chemicals occur naturally in many foods. (wikipedia.org)
  • Benzaldehyde reacts with nitroethane in the presence of a catalyst to produce phenyl-2-nitropropene, a precursor to amphetamine and other chemicals. (wikipedia.org)
  • The rising use of benzaldehyde in developing aroma chemicals will have a positive impact on the growth of the global market. (transparencymarketresearch.com)
  • However, the fluctuating prices of crude oil and the strict regulations implemented by many countries on the use of chemicals may hamper the benzaldehyde market growth to a certain extent. (transparencymarketresearch.com)
  • Furthermore, the use of benzaldehyde in developing flavored chemicals such as cinnamaldehyde and cinnamic acid is expected to have a large impact on the growth of the benzaldehyde market. (transparencymarketresearch.com)
  • The manufacturers of benzaldehyde are highly recommended to invest in aroma chemicals application as based on our analysis aroma chemicals segment not only held a leading position in the market in 2018 but is projected to continue to account for significant amount of shares in the market in the coming years. (transparencymarketresearch.com)
  • The growth of the aroma chemicals segment is linked to the high usage of Benzaldehyde for acquiring cherry and almond flavors artificially. (transparencymarketresearch.com)
  • Historically, as an end-use industry, aroma chemicals occupied a significant share in the benzaldehyde market. (psmarketresearch.com)
  • Acetone is commonly used in nail polish removers and paint thinners, while benzaldehyde is used as a flavoring agent and in synthesizing other chemicals. (askanydifference.com)
  • Benzaldehyde is easily oxidized to benzoic acid in air at room temperature, causing a common impurity in laboratory samples. (wikipedia.org)
  • Since the boiling point of benzoic acid is much higher than that of benzaldehyde, it may be purified by distillation. (wikipedia.org)
  • An NADP+ dependent enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of benzaldehyde to BENZOIC ACID. (ucdenver.edu)
  • Additionally, the benzaldehyde market is anticipated to be driven by the increasing application of its derivatives, such as sodium benzoate, benzoic acid, benzyl alcohol, and cinnamic acid. (psmarketresearch.com)
  • Benzaldehyde and acetaldehyde are two examples of the group of aldehydes. (pediaa.com)
  • Are there any substituted bezaldehydes or analogs of benzaldehyde (like thiophenecarboxaldehyde) that have the same almond odor as benzaldehyde (and could possibly have been confused with it)? (bbgate.com)
  • Benzaldehyde is a clear, colorless to yellowish liquid with a bitter almond odor. (askanydifference.com)
  • At room temperature and pressure, benzaldehyde is a colorless liquid with an almond-like odor. (pediaa.com)
  • Benzyl alcohol can be formed from benzaldehyde by means of hydrogenation. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the liquid-phase hydrogenation of benzaldehyde, the PEG modification also increased the selectivity for benzyl alcohol. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Benzaldehyde is also a precursor to certain acridine dyes. (wikipedia.org)
  • The organic compound Benzaldehyde is used for the synthesis of other organic compounds such as dyes and coatings, flavors and fragrances, agrochemicals , and drug intermediaries. (transparencymarketresearch.com)
  • Benzaldehyde is used in manufacturing dyes, cinnamic acid, etc. (pediaa.com)
  • Ortho Chloro benzaldehyde is used in manufacturing of electroplating, Dyes and API intermediates. (sheetalchemicals.com)
  • On the basis of product type, the benzaldehyde market is bifurcated into technical grade and FCC grade compound. (psmarketresearch.com)
  • The main difference between benzaldehyde and acetaldehyde is that benzaldehyde is an aromatic compound whereas acetaldehyde aliphatic compound. (pediaa.com)
  • Despite being a simple compound, benzaldehyde possesses unique properties that make it an essential element in a multitude of applications across a variety of industries. (syndicatedanalytics.com)
  • Syndicated Analytics report, titled "Benzaldehyde Manufacturing Plant Project Report: Industry Trends, Manufacturing Process, Plant Setup, Machinery, Raw Materials, Investment Opportunities, Cost and Revenue (2023 Edition)," provides a complete roadmap for setting up a benzaldehyde manufacturing plant. (syndicatedanalytics.com)
  • A significant quantity of natural benzaldehyde is produced from cinnamaldehyde obtained from cassia oil by the retro-aldol reaction: the cinnamaldehyde is heated in an aqueous/alcoholic solution between 90 °C and 150 °C with a base (most commonly sodium carbonate or bicarbonate) for 5 to 80 hours, followed by distillation of the formed benzaldehyde. (wikipedia.org)
  • Reaction of benzaldehyde with anhydrous sodium acetate and acetic anhydride yields cinnamic acid, while alcoholic potassium cyanide can be used to catalyze the condensation of benzaldehyde to benzoin. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ortho Chloro benzaldehyde can be used to make Chlorobenzylpenicillin sodium etc., as well as high efficient medical acaricide etc. (sheetalchemicals.com)
  • Benzaldehyde-4-sulfonic acid sodium salt--Lianyungang Jiewei Chemical Co., Ltd. (zaintexintl.com)
  • The synthesis of mandelic acid starts with the addition of hydrocyanic acid to benzaldehyde: The resulting cyanohydrin is hydrolysed to mandelic acid. (wikipedia.org)
  • 1) BMK ethyl glycidate synthesis from benzaldehyde. (bbgate.com)
  • This article provides you with a patented synthesis process from benzaldehyde to BMK glycidyl ester to P2P. (bbgate.com)
  • Ortho Chloro benzaldehyde can also be used for organic synthesis, agricultural pesticide and pharmaceutical industries. (sheetalchemicals.com)
  • In the pharmaceutical industry, benzaldehyde is used as a building block in the synthesis of various drugs, such as amphetamine and methamphetamine. (syndicatedanalytics.com)
  • Safely Nitroethane, Benzaldehyde, Methylpropiophenone etc. (bbgate.com)
  • This glycoside breaks up under enzyme catalysis into benzaldehyde, hydrogen cyanide and two equivalents of glucose. (wikipedia.org)
  • This is because benzaldehyde cannot form hydrogen bonds with water molecules. (pediaa.com)
  • This is the main difference between Benzaldehyde and Acetaldehyde. (pediaa.com)
  • Polyethylene glycol (PEG) was impregnated on a palladium metal supported on silica gel and used in a catalyst for hydrogenation of benzaldehydes. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Owing to the reduction in crude oil prices in recent years, there has been a substantial decline in revenue from benzaldehyde. (psmarketresearch.com)
  • In the agriculture sector, the use of Benzaldehyde for the production of various pesticides and herbicides is driving the segment towards growth, especially in India and China. (transparencymarketresearch.com)
  • A component of bitter almond oil, benzaldehyde can be extracted from a number of other natural sources. (wikipedia.org)
  • Benzaldehyde presents naturally in bitter almond oil, patchouli oil, and hyacinth oil. (foreverest.net)
  • The molecular formula of benzaldehyde is C 6 H 5 CHO. (pediaa.com)
  • Synthetic benzaldehyde is the flavoring agent in imitation almond extract, which is used to flavor cakes and other baked goods. (wikipedia.org)
  • As of 1999, 7000 tonnes of synthetic and 100 tonnes of natural benzaldehyde were produced annually. (wikipedia.org)
  • The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has authorized application of benzaldehyde as a synthetic flavoring agent. (psmarketresearch.com)
  • In industrial settings, benzaldehyde is used chiefly as a precursor to other organic compounds, ranging from pharmaceuticals to plastic additives. (wikipedia.org)
  • I replaced it with benzaldehyde to synthesize. (bbgate.com)
  • Via aldol condensations, benzaldehyde is converted into derivatives of cinnamaldehyde and styrene. (wikipedia.org)
  • This grade of benzaldehyde is used for offering fragrance to hygiene and personal care products such as toiletries and soaps. (transparencymarketresearch.com)
  • Benzaldehyde is used in cosmetic productions as a denaturant, a flavoring agent, and as a fragrance. (pediaa.com)
  • Benzaldehyde is widely used in chemical industry, especially in the preparation of perfumes, flavorings, and pharmaceuticals. (foreverest.net)
  • OBJECTIVES: This study was aimed at evaluating the use of whole cells of Escherichia coli carrying recombinant Pseudomonas fluorescens benzaldehyde lyase as biocatalysts for 5-HMF carboligation, recovery of the C 12 derivatives DHMF and BHMF, and testing the. (lu.se)
  • OBJECTIVES: This study was aimed at evaluating the use of whole cells of Escherichia coli carrying recombinant Pseudomonas fluorescens benzaldehyde lyase as biocatalysts for 5-HMF carboligation, recovery of the C 12 derivatives DHMF and BHMF, and testing the reactivity of the carbonyl groups for hydrazone formation for potential use as cross-linking agents in surface coatings. (lu.se)
  • As used in food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and soap, benzaldehyde is "generally regarded as safe" (GRAS) by the US FDA and FEMA. (wikipedia.org)
  • The extensive demand for cosmetics and personal care products in the Asia Pacific region will enable it to emerge as a dominant growth-contributing region for the benzaldehyde market. (transparencymarketresearch.com)
  • Benzaldehyde is a reactive liquid. (askanydifference.com)
  • The boiling point of this liquid is about 178 o C. Benzaldehyde is denser than water. (pediaa.com)
  • Benzaldehyde is commonly employed to confer almond flavor to foods and scented products, including e-cigarette liquids. (wikipedia.org)