A colloidal, hydrated aluminum silicate that swells 12 times its dry size when added to water.
Precipitin tests which occur over a narrow range of antigen-antibody ratio, due chiefly to peculiarities of the antibody (precipitin). (From Stedman, 26th ed)
High-molecular-weight insoluble polymers that contain functional cationic groups capable of undergoing exchange reactions with anions.
High molecular weight insoluble polymers which contain functional anionic groups that are capable of undergoing exchange reactions with cations.
Poisoning by the ingestion of plants or its leaves, berries, roots or stalks. The manifestations in both humans and animals vary in severity from mild to life threatening. In animals, especially domestic animals, it is usually the result of ingesting moldy or fermented forage.
Compounds consisting of benzene rings linked to each other in either ortho, meta or para positions. Permitted are any substitutions, but ring fusion to any of the benzene rings is not allowed.
Zeolites. A group of crystalline, hydrated alkali-aluminum silicates. They occur naturally in sedimentary and volcanic rocks, altered basalts, ores, and clay deposits. Some 40 known zeolite minerals and a great number of synthetic zeolites are available commercially. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
A potent mycotoxin produced in feedstuffs by several species of the genus FUSARIUM. It elicits a severe inflammatory reaction in animals and has teratogenic effects.
Any of the numerous types of clay which contain varying proportions of Al2O3 and SiO2. They are made synthetically by heating aluminum fluoride at 1000-2000 degrees C with silica and water vapor. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed)
Cetyltrimethylammonium compounds that have cationic detergent, antiseptic, and disinfectant activities. They are used in pharmaceuticals, foods, and cosmetics as preservatives; on skin, mucous membranes, etc., as antiseptics or cleansers, and also as emulsifiers. These compounds are toxic when used orally due to neuromuscular blockade.
The hair of SHEEP or other animals that is used for weaving.
An indolizidine alkaloid from the plant Swainsona canescens that is a potent alpha-mannosidase inhibitor. Swainsonine also exhibits antimetastatic, antiproliferative, and immunomodulatory activity.
Carboxylesterase is a serine-dependent esterase with wide substrate specificity. The enzyme is involved in the detoxification of XENOBIOTICS and the activation of ester and of amide PRODRUGS.
Preparations of pathogenic organisms or their derivatives made nontoxic and intended for active immunologic prophylaxis. They include deactivated toxins. Anatoxin toxoids are distinct from anatoxins that are TROPANES found in CYANOBACTERIA.

Effect of physical parameters on the in situ survival of Escherichia coli MC-6 in an estuarine environment. (1/98)

Survival of Escherichia coli MC-6 of fecal origin in an estuarine environment as affected by time, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, salinity, and montmorillonite in diffusion chambers has been elucidated. Several in situ physical parameters were recorded simultaneously, and viable cell numbers were estimated. The survival of the bacteria varied seasonally. Montmorillonite addition extended the time needed for a 50% reduction of the viable cell population (t1/2) of cells by 40% over the t1/2 of cells in Rhode River water alone. The effect of this clay was not significantly greater between 50- to 1,000 mug/ml montmorillonite concentrations. In all experiments, the relationships among pairs of variables were studied by regression and correlation analysis. The slope between viable cell numbers and water temperatures increased about 50% for each 10 C increment in temperature and gave a correlation coefficient r = 0.617, significant at 95% confidence level. A similar correlation coefficient, r = 0.670, was obtained between water temperature and t1/2 of the initial cell population. In all experiments regressions were performed considering all variables after bacteria had been in the Rhode River environment for 3 days. Coefficient of multiple determination was estimated as R2 = 0.756. Approximately 75.6% of the variance of viable cell numbers can be explained by variation in water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and salinity. Simple correlation coefficients within the regression steps were also computed. Survival of bacteria was closely and negatively correlated with increasing water temperature (r = -0.717). It is suggested that water temperature is the most important factor in predicting fecal coliform survival from point and nonpoint sources in assessing water quality in an estuarine ecosystem.  (+info)

Delivery of extraterrestrial amino acids to the primitive Earth. Exposure experiments in Earth orbit. (2/98)

A large collection of micrometeorites has been recently extracted from Antarctic old blue ice. In the 50 to 100 micrometers size range, the carbonaceous micrometeorites represent 80% of the samples and contain 2% of carbon. They might have brought more carbon to the surface of the primitive Earth than that involved in the present surficial biomass. Amino acids such as "-amino isobutyric acid have been identified in these Antarctic micrometeorites. Enantiomeric excesses of L-amino acids have been detected in the Murchison meteorite. A large fraction of homochiral amino acids might have been delivered to the primitive Earth via meteorites and micrometeorites. Space technology in Earth orbit offers a unique opportunity to study the behaviour of amino acids required for the development of primitive life when they are exposed to space conditions, either free or associated with tiny mineral grains mimicking the micrometeorites. Our objectives are to demonstrate that porous mineral material protects amino acids in space from photolysis and racemization (the conversion of L-amino acids into a mixture of L- and D-molecules) and to test whether photosensitive amino acids derivatives can polymerize in mineral grains under space conditions. The results obtained in BIOPAN-1 and BIOPAN-2 exposure experiments on board unmanned satellite FOTON are presented.  (+info)

Stability of respiratory syncytial virus in a new bentonite holding medium. (3/98)

Stability of respiratory syncytial virus was determined in a new bentonite holding medium and compared with two other commonly used media. Eventual infectivity titers were similar with all three preparations.  (+info)

Lucigenin chemiluminescence assay as an adjunctive tool for assessment of various stages of inflammation: a study of quiescent inflammatory cells. (4/98)

A simple, fast, precise and biologically relevant toxicity assay for screening cytotoxicity of minerals would have distinct advantages due to its cost benefits and relative savings in time. Furthermore, a bioassay to differentiate acute and chronic in vivo pulmonary reactions could have potential value as predictors of fibrogenicity and pathogenicity. In this study we examined the potential use of lucigenin as a probe to evaluate the correlation between chemiluminescence (CL) generated by alveolar macrophages with the known cytotoxicity and patho genicity by conventional bioassays. In this study, we used small doses of dust (20 microg) to minimize cellular overload and to maintain homeostasis. Crystalline silica a highly fibrogenic dust was used as positive control and results are compared with those for bentonite, kaolin and talc. Among the three minerals compared with silica, bentonite was more reactive (27%) in CL assay and declined sharply compared to other minerals. This sudden decline in bentonite CL is caused by cytotoxicity leading to cell death. CL-induced by talc was comparable to silica and declines slowly. Kaolin on the other hand produced relatively a weaker (25%) CL compared to silica. Our data using relatively low doses of dust suggest that the CL assay may have a better predictive value in cytotoxicity evaluations compared to conventional toxicity assays.  (+info)

Desorption techniques for determination of metals mobility in soils. (5/98)

Three leaching techniques for assessment of fixed and mobile metal or radionuclides in soils are demonstrated on radiocaesium speciation. A new leaching technique based on the variation of the leaching solution volume to solid phase amount is proposed. It enables parallel treatment of large numbers of samples and, therefore, is suitable for a routine analysis of contaminant mobility in soils. As a leaching solution, 1 M ammonium acetate is proposed for caesium, but any other desorption solution harmonised with existing speciation schemes can be used.  (+info)

Activity of free and clay-bound insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis against the mosquito Culex pipiens. (6/98)

Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis produces parasporal insecticidal crystal proteins (ICPs) that have larvicidal activity against some members of the order Diptera, such as blackflies and mosquitoes. Hydrolysis of the ICPs in the larval gut results in four major proteins with a molecular mass of 27, 65, 128, and 135 kDa. Toxicity is caused by synergistic interaction between the 25-kDa protein (proteolytic product of the 27-kDa protein) and one or more of the higher-molecular-mass proteins. Equilibrium adsorption of the proteins on the clay minerals montmorillonite and kaolinite, which are homoionic to various cations, was rapid (<30 min for maximal adsorption), increased with protein concentration and then reached a plateau (68 to 96% of the proteins was adsorbed), was significantly lower on kaolinite than on montmorillonite, and was not significantly affected by the valence of the cation to which the clays were homoionic. Binding of the toxins decreased as the pH was increased from 6 to 11, and there was 35 to 66% more binding in phosphate buffer at pH 6 than in distilled water at pH 6 or 7.2. Only 2 to 12% of the adsorbed proteins was desorbed by two washes with water; additional washings desorbed no more toxins, indicating that they were tightly bound. Formation of clay-toxin complexes did not alter the structure of the proteins, as indicated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the equilibrium supernatants and desorption washes and by dot blot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of the complexes, which was confirmed by enhanced chemiluminescence Western blot analysis. Free and clay-bound toxins resulted in 85 to 100% mortality of the mosquito Culex pipiens. Persistence of the bound toxins in nonsterile water after 45 days was significantly greater (mortality of 63% +/- 12.7%) than that of the free toxins (mortality of 25% +/- 12.5%).  (+info)

Non-enzymatic oligomerization of racemic adenosine 5'-phosphorimidazolide on Na(+)-montmorillonite. (7/98)

In this study, we have investigated non-enzymatic oligomerization of an activated racemic mononucleotide in the presence of Na(+)-montmorillonite. Oligomers up to the decamer in length were formed by oligomerization reactions of activated D- and L-mononucleotides. Similarly, oligomerization of an activated racemic mononucleotide results in the formation of oligomers up to the octamer. These results suggest that montmorillonite catalysis is quite efficient for the oligomerization of racemic monomers, though it is somewhat less efficient than that of D- and L-monomers.  (+info)

Effects of bentonite on wool growth and nitrogen metabolism in fauna-free and faunated sheep. (8/98)

Two experiments were carried out with sheep that originated from a fauna-free flock and were fed a soybean meal-corn silage diet with or without a bentonite supplement. One-half of the sheep fed each diet in each experiment were faunated with a mixed population of ruminal protozoa, whereas the other half of the sheep remained fauna-free until the end of both experiments. Wool growth and daily gain were measured in Exp. 1. (eight rams per treatment), which lasted 110 d, and the metabolic effects in the rumen and intestinal tract of protozoa and dietary bentonite supplement were tested with cannulated wethers (four wethers per treatment) in Exp. 2. The results of Exp. 1 showed decreased wool growth (P less than .05) due to the presence of protozoa in the rumen. Dietary supplementation with bentonite partly offset the decreased wool growth in sheep with protozoa, but there were no effects of dietary bentonite and no protozoa x bentonite interaction (P greater than .05). Daily gain was decreased by the dietary bentonite (P less than .05) supplement but was not affected (P greater than .05) by the ruminal presence of protozoa. In Exp. 2, protozoa increased (P less than .01) the ruminal concentrations of ammonia and decreased (P less than .05) the acetic:propionic acid molar ratio. Fractionation of N in the duodenal digesta flowing from the stomach to the small intestine showed that protozoa decreased (P less than .05) the flow of nonammonia N and bacterial N, and there was a protozoa x bentonite interaction for these effects (P less than .05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  (+info)

Bentonite is a type of clay that is commonly used in the medical field for a variety of purposes. It is a natural clay that is formed from volcanic ash and is rich in minerals such as silica, aluminum, and iron. Bentonite has a high adsorption capacity, which means that it can absorb and hold onto other substances, including toxins and heavy metals. In the medical field, bentonite is often used as a detoxifying agent to help remove toxins and heavy metals from the body. It is sometimes used in conjunction with other detoxifying agents, such as activated charcoal, to enhance its effectiveness. Bentonite is also sometimes used as a binding agent to help bind together other substances in the body, such as medications or supplements. Bentonite is available in various forms, including powders, capsules, and suppositories. It is typically taken orally, although it can also be applied topically to the skin or used in enemas. It is important to note that bentonite should not be used as a substitute for medical treatment and should only be used under the guidance of a healthcare professional.

Plant poisoning, also known as phytotoxicity, is a condition that occurs when a person or animal ingests or comes into contact with a toxic substance found in plants. The toxic substances can be present in the plant's leaves, roots, seeds, or fruits, and can cause a range of symptoms depending on the type and amount of the substance ingested. Plant poisoning can be acute or chronic, and the symptoms can range from mild to severe. Acute plant poisoning typically occurs within a few hours to a few days after exposure, and can cause symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, dizziness, headache, and difficulty breathing. Chronic plant poisoning occurs over a longer period of time and can cause more serious symptoms such as liver or kidney damage, neurological problems, and even death. The treatment for plant poisoning depends on the type and severity of the poisoning. In some cases, the person or animal may need to be hospitalized and treated with medications to remove the toxic substance from their system. In other cases, supportive care such as fluid replacement and symptom management may be sufficient. It is important to note that not all plants are toxic, and some plants can even be beneficial for human health. However, it is always best to exercise caution when handling or ingesting unfamiliar plants, and to seek medical attention if you suspect that you or someone else may have been poisoned by a plant.

In the medical field, terphenyl compounds are a class of organic compounds that contain three benzene rings connected together. These compounds are typically used as intermediates in the synthesis of other organic compounds, such as pharmaceuticals and dyes. Some terphenyl compounds have also been studied for their potential therapeutic effects, including anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-viral properties. However, more research is needed to fully understand their potential medical applications.

Zeolites are naturally occurring or synthetic microporous aluminosilicate minerals that have a unique three-dimensional structure with interconnected channels and cavities. In the medical field, zeolites are used as adsorbents, which means they can bind to and remove certain substances from the body. One of the most common uses of zeolites in medicine is as a dietary supplement for detoxification. Zeolites are believed to bind to toxins, heavy metals, and other harmful substances in the body and help eliminate them through the digestive system. Some studies have suggested that zeolites may be effective in reducing symptoms of certain conditions, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), although more research is needed to confirm these findings. Zeolites are also used in some medical treatments, such as in the treatment of certain types of cancer. Zeolites have been shown to have anti-cancer properties and may help to slow the growth of cancer cells or even cause them to die. However, more research is needed to fully understand the potential benefits and risks of using zeolites in cancer treatment. It is important to note that the use of zeolites as a dietary supplement or in medical treatments should only be done under the guidance of a healthcare professional. Zeolites can interact with certain medications and may not be safe for everyone to use.

T-2 Toxin is a type of mycotoxin produced by certain species of fungi, including Fusarium and Aspergillus. It is commonly found in cereals, grains, and other agricultural products, and can cause a range of health problems in humans and animals if ingested in sufficient quantities. In the medical field, T-2 Toxin is considered a potential hazard to human health, particularly in cases of food poisoning. It can cause a variety of symptoms, including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and fever. In severe cases, it can lead to more serious health problems, such as liver and kidney damage, and even death. T-2 Toxin is also a concern in veterinary medicine, as it can cause illness and death in livestock if they consume contaminated feed. In addition, it can have negative effects on the growth and development of animals, as well as on their reproductive systems. To prevent the occurrence of T-2 Toxin poisoning, it is important to properly store and handle agricultural products, and to monitor them for signs of fungal contamination. In cases where contamination is suspected, it may be necessary to remove the contaminated products from the food supply and to take steps to prevent further contamination.

In the medical field, aluminum silicates are a type of mineral compound that is commonly used as an antacid and an adsorbent. They work by neutralizing stomach acid and binding to toxins and other substances in the digestive tract, which helps to prevent their absorption into the bloodstream. Aluminum silicates are often used to treat conditions such as heartburn, acid reflux, and indigestion. They are available in a variety of forms, including tablets, capsules, and powders, and can be taken orally or used topically. It is important to note that while aluminum silicates are generally considered safe for short-term use, long-term use or high doses may have potential side effects, such as constipation, nausea, and abdominal pain. As with any medication, it is important to follow the instructions of your healthcare provider and to report any adverse reactions.

Cetrimonium compounds are a class of quaternary ammonium compounds that are commonly used in the medical field as antiseptics, preservatives, and skin conditioners. They are typically composed of a quaternary ammonium salt attached to a fatty acid chain, which allows them to interact with and disrupt the lipid bilayer of bacterial cell membranes, leading to cell death. Cetrimonium compounds are often used in shampoos, conditioners, and other personal care products to help prevent scalp infections and dandruff. They are also used in some topical antiseptic products to help kill bacteria and prevent the spread of infection. In addition, cetrimonium compounds have been shown to have anti-inflammatory and anti-irritant properties, which may make them useful in the treatment of skin conditions such as eczema and psoriasis. It is important to note that while cetrimonium compounds are generally considered safe and well-tolerated, they can cause skin irritation or allergic reactions in some people. As with any product, it is always a good idea to patch test a small area of skin before using a new cetrimonium-containing product to check for any potential adverse reactions.

Swainsonine is a toxic amino acid derivative that is produced by certain species of fungi, including the ergot fungus (Claviceps purpurea). It is named after the English botanist William Swainson, who first described the fungus in the early 19th century. In the medical field, swainsonine is known for its ability to inhibit the activity of eukaryotic initiation factor 2B (eIF2B), a key enzyme involved in protein synthesis. This inhibition leads to the accumulation of unprocessed proteins in the cell, which can cause a range of toxic effects, including cell death. Swainsonine has been studied for its potential as an antifungal agent, as well as for its potential use in cancer therapy. It has been shown to selectively kill certain types of cancer cells, including those that are resistant to other forms of chemotherapy. However, swainsonine is also toxic to normal cells, and its use in humans is limited by its potential for side effects.

Carboxylesterase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of carboxylic esters. In the medical field, carboxylesterases are important in the metabolism of a variety of drugs and toxins, including anesthetics, barbiturates, and certain pesticides. They are also involved in the breakdown of fatty acids and cholesterol in the body. Deficiency or dysfunction of carboxylesterases can lead to a variety of health problems, including drug toxicity and metabolic disorders.

In the medical field, "toxoids" refer to vaccines or immunizing agents that are made from inactivated or weakened forms of toxins produced by bacteria or other microorganisms. These toxins are usually produced by the same microorganisms that cause diseases, such as diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis. Toxoids are used to stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies against the toxins, which can then protect against the disease caused by the microorganism. They are often used in combination with other vaccines to provide comprehensive protection against a range of diseases. Toxoids are considered safe and effective, and are widely used in vaccination programs around the world. They are typically administered through injection, and can be given to people of all ages, including infants and children.

Calcium bentonite is sometimes marketed as fuller's earth, whose uses overlap with those of other forms of bentonite. Bentonite ... Illite is the main clay constituent of potash bentonite (a rock type also known as K-bentonite or potassium bentonite). K- ... For industrial purposes, two main classes of bentonite are recognized: sodium and calcium bentonite. Sodium bentonite is the ... It has significantly less swelling capacity than sodium bentonite. Calcium bentonite may be converted to sodium bentonite ( ...
The Deicke and Millbrig bentonite layers, specifically the potassium bentonite layer, K-bentonite, were formed from a volcanic ... These K-bentonite layers are up to a meter thick in some locations. Such thickness is unique. Most bentonite layers are very ... Several different types of bentonite can be found; however, potassium bentonite is the main one associated with the Deicke and ... can correlate the bentonite layers they find and identify them as either the Deicke or Millbrig bentonites. While these ...
The Tioga Bentonites are a series of ash bed layers occurring in three Sedimentary basins in the eastern and midwestern United ... Finally Tioga A-G K-bentonites are located in the Onodaga Group and the Union Springs Member of the Marcellus Formation ... The Bald Hill K-bentonites are located in the Kalkberg Formation or New Scotland Formation were deposited 417.6 million years ... The Sprout Brook K-bentonites are located in the Esopus Formation or Needmore Shale deposited 408.3 million years ago. One ...
For industrial purposes, two main classes of bentonite exist: sodium bentonite and calcium bentonite. In stratigraphy and ... Bentonite usually forms from weathering of volcanic ash, most often in the presence of water. However, the term bentonite, as ... Bentonite is an absorbent aluminium phyllosilicate generally impure clay consisting mostly of montmorillonite. There are a few ... Bentonite. Government of India, Ministry of Mines, Indian Bureau of Mines. Indira Bhavan, Civil Lines, NAGPUR - 440 001. ...
"No tests ever found or even suggested the presence of bentonite. The claim was just concocted from the start. It just never ... I]t is a trademark of Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein's biological weapons program ... The discovery of bentonite came in an urgent ... "Anthrax Investigation / Bentonite / Cases". Vanderbilt University. October 28, 2001. Archived from the original on March 8, ... Statements by the White House and public officials quickly proved that there was no bentonite in the attack anthrax. " ...
Other minerals of significance that occur are bauxite, ball clay and china clay in Udhampur; bentonite in Jammu; diaspore in ...
The Tioga ash beds contain bentonite clay which presents a landslide hazard in the unexcavated rock as well. Damage to ... Dennison, J.M. (1986). Tioga Bentonite in the Appalachian Basin: Final report. U.S. Department of Energy. DOE/ET/12139-T2. ... Droste, John B.; Robert H. Shaver (1997). "Tioga Bentonite Bed". Compendium of Paleozoic Rock-Unit Stratigraphy in Indiana - A ... Ver Straeten, C.A. (2004). "K-bentonites, volcanic ash preservation, and implications for Early to Middle Devonian volcanism in ...
Bentonite is commercially mined. Abdasa Taluka is drained by three rivers namely - Khari river, Kankavati river and Berachiya ...
Hydrophilic or "water-loving" waterstops are strips of rubber, modified with a hydrophilic agent (such as bentonite) so they ... "Waterstop - Sodium Bentonite Systems , RIW Products". http://www.earthshield.com/typical_earthshield_waterstop.jpg[bare URL ...
Bentonite itself is not classified as a carcinogen, but some bentonite may contain variable amounts of respirable crystalline ... It has been found that prolonged exposure to bentonite in humans can actually have harmful effects. Bentonite-type clay has ... Bentonite has been prescribed as a bulk laxative, and it is also used as a base for many dermatologic formulas. ... Bentonite Archived 2009-08-01 at the Wayback Machine from oregonstate.edu website Calamine from www.drugs.com website Maxim LD ...
nov., isolated from bentonite formations". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 67 (8): 2779-2786 ...
Montes-H, G.; Duplay, J.; Martinez, L.; Mendoza, C. (2003). "Swelling-shrinkage kinetics of MX80 bentonite". Applied Clay ... "Modelling of geochemical reactions and experimental cation exchange in MX80 bentonite". Journal of Environmental Management. 77 ...
Bentonite is typically used in drilling mud for oil and gas wells, it was later discovered that bentonite was a good substance ... As of 2021, Black Hills Bentonite shipped over 500,000 tons of bentonite to the Clorox. Sales to Clorox and other companies ... In 1947, the family founded Black Hills Bentonite company, which mined bentonite in the Black Hills region in Wyoming. Thorson ... Thorson began working in his father Harry Thorson's oil and bentonite businesses in 1947. The oil business was known as Thorson ...
However, the mobility of inorganic colloids is very low in compacted bentonites and in deep clay formations because of the ... Viscoelastic colloidal gels, such as bentonite and toothpaste, flow like liquids under shear, but maintain their shape when ... ISBN 978-3-540-71338-8. Alonso, U.; T. Missana; A. Patelli; V. Rigato (2007). "Bentonite colloid diffusion through the host ... "Diffusion of colloids in compacted bentonite". Archived from the original on 4 March 2009. Retrieved 12 February 2009. Wold, ...
Mineral resources include clay and bentonite. Almost eighty-five percent (85%) of the people of the study area are farmers, ...
Kafumu, P. D. (2002). Discussion: "Mineralogy and chemistry of bentonite(?) deposits of Minjingu, LakeManyara, North Tanzania ...
"Bentonite Production by Country (Metric tons)". Indexmundi.com. 15 September 2010. Archived from the original on 12 September ... Iran produces orpiment and realgar arsenic concentrates, silver, asbestos, borax, hydraulic cement, clays (bentonite, ...
Bentonite acts as a binding material. In the process, a small amount of water is added to the sand-bentonite mixture, and this ... sand mould is typically prepared by using a mixture of clean sand and a small proportion of the water-absorbing clay bentonite ...
However, the mobility of inorganic colloids is very low in compacted bentonites and in deep clay formations because of the ... ISBN 978-3-540-71338-8. Alonso, U.; T. Missana; A. Patelli; V. Rigato (2007). "Bentonite colloid diffusion through the host ... "Diffusion of colloids in compacted bentonite". Archived from the original on 2009-03-04. Retrieved 2009-02-12. Wold, Susanna; ... Trygve Eriksen (2007). "Diffusion of humic colloids in compacted bentonite". Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C. ...
The Thixotropic Behavior Structure of Bentonite". The Journal of Physical Chemistry. 41 (7): 911-934. doi:10.1021/j150385a002. ...
Clays - Kaolinite, Sericite, Bentonite, Fuller's earth. Soft and heat insulating stone - Pyrophyllite, Talc, Asbestos, ...
The island has layers of Kaolinite and Bentonite which used to be mined. It has many odd natural rock formations, one looks ... The mines produced kaolin and Bentonite. Kaolin is used in making Kaolin-Pectin medicine and the manufacture of porcelain. ...
Engineered barriers include bentonite clay and cement. The International Panel on Fissile Materials has said: It is widely ...
Papke, Keith G. Montmorillonite, Bentonite and Fuller's Earth Deposits in Nevada, Nevada Bureau of Mines Bulletin 76, Mackay ... Zahra, Naseem; Sheikh, Shahid T.; Mahmood, Ansar; Javed, Khalid (2009). "Removal of Arsenic From Wastewater Using Bentonite". ... more than 50 years before the discovery of bentonite in the US. It is found in many locations worldwide and known by other ... This swelling property makes montmorillonite-containing bentonite useful also as an annular seal or plug for water wells and as ...
In addition there are K-Bentonite beds. These were formed as a result of volcanic eruptions depositing layers of volcanic ash ...
Bentonite clay is widely used as a mold binder in the manufacture of sand castings. Traditional uses of clay as medicine goes ... ISBN 0-7167-1279-2. Eisenhour, D. D.; Brown, R. K. (1 April 2009). "Bentonite and Its Impact on Modern Life". Elements. 5 (2): ... Soils containing swelling clay minerals (such as bentonite) pose a considerable challenge for civil engineering, because ... Koçkar, Mustafa K.; Akgün, Haluk; Aktürk, Özgür (November 2005). "Preliminary evaluation of a compacted bentonite / sand ...
Bentonite beds are present throughout the shale. Of the shale that extends into Alberta, the formation primarily consists of ...
... bentonite. Bentonite - this is added in conjunction with additional water, used for specific weight control but makes poor ... Without bentonite the perlite separates and floats to the upper part of the slurry. Can be used to achieve a slurry weight as ... Most common is bentonite (85% mineral clay smectite). Can be used to obtain a cement of density 11.5 to 15.0 ppg, with ... Bentonite in concentrations of 2-4% is also added to prevent segregation of particles and slurry. Gilsonite - Used to obtain ...
Monsan, P; Durand, G (1971). "Preparation d'invertase insolubilisée par fixation sur bentonite". FEBS Letters (in French). 16 ( ...
Mineral production included salt, bentonite and petroleum. Natural gas production began in 1956. In 1975, a plant was built ...
Bentonite Clay is a combination of montmorillonite and volcanic ash. We offer an impressive range of superior quality cosmetic ... Bentonite Clay is a combination of montmorillonite and volcanic ash. Bentonite Clay is a highly absorbent cosmetic clay that ... Note: We presently offer two different Bentonite Clays for sale. Our Sodium Bentonite Clay possesses a higher swell with ... INCI: Bentonite. Typical Shelf Life*: Stable. *Typical Shelf Life begins on the date of manufacture and is defined as the ...
Bentonite mechanical evolution (BEACON). Name of legal entity. Country. Overall contract value (EUR). Proportion carried out by ... A numerical model for evaluation of this behaviour of bentonite in the long term perspective of repository lifetime will be ... A numerical model for evaluation of this behaviour of bentonite in the long term perspective of repository lifetime will be ... LEI investigates processes affecting bentonite properties and behaviour under repository conditions. ...
2005)‎. Bentonite, kaolin and selected clay minerals. World Health Organization. https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/ ...
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The global bentonite market size was valued at USD 1.27 billion in 2015 and is expected to witness growth at a CAGR of 4.8% ... Bentonite Market Size & Trends, Industry Research Report, 2018-2024. Bentonite Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report By ...
It works best when the wine is at warmer temperature so we suggest clearing with bentonite in the late spring or early summer. ... Bentonite is a negative charged, clay-like mineral, that, like sparkalloid, removes positively charged particles. ...
Bentonite CAS NO.: 1302-78-9EINECS NO.: 215-108-5 HS Code: Commonly known as: Bentonite Specification: Appearance: Light yellow ...
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I also shared a simple bentonite clay recipe for hair in that article and where to buy bentonite clay. ... Bentonite clay has been used on hair and skin for thousands of years. In recent times, it is used in a wide variety of cosmetic ... Categories Hair Tags bentonite clay, hair care, hair products, moroccan clay. What is the Best Type of Henna for Hair? ... Bentonite clay is made out of aged ash found in volcanos. Though named after Fort Benton, Montana, it can be found all over the ...
... pure calcium bentonite clay powder with no fillers, binders, additives or preservatives. Versatile Use - Our bentonite clay ... Food Grade Bentonite Clay - Enjoy our 100% unrefined, pure calcium bentonite clay powder with no fillers, binders, additives or ... Versatile Use - Our bentonite clay makes great pore cleansing clay mask for face and body. It can be also used for foot soak, ... Healthy & Radiant Skin - Bentonite clay powder food grade contains minerals such as silica, calcium, iron, and potassium. ...
Simply mix 2 teaspoons of Bentonite with 1/2 cup of warm water and add it to your wine to achieve superior clarity with just ... Get great results every time with this 8 oz bag of Bentonite. ... Bentonite is a powerful clay used to clear hazes from wine. ... Bentonite is a powerful clay used to clear hazes from wine. Simply mix 2 teaspoons of Bentonite with 1/2 cup of warm water and ... Bentonite is a powerful clay used to clear hazes from wine. Simply mix 2 teaspoons of Bentonite with 1/2 cup of warm water and ...
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Bentonite Clay Mask Recipe. This bentonite clay mask recipe is an easy DIY with incredible health benefits. Using a face mask ...
Bentonite clay swells quite a bit meaning you only need to use a tiny amount per application, meaning you should get at least ... Australian bentonite clay is excellent at drawing impurities from the skin (like blackheads / clogged pores), tightening pores ... sodium bentonite, terminalia ferdinandiana (gubinge / kakadu plum) powder, aloe barbadensis (aloe) powder, essential oils (. ...
Title : Use of the bentonite flocculation test for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis. Personal Author(s) : Allain, D S;Chisholm ...
It is also made with bentonite clay which contains beneficial minerals and helps draw dirt out of your pores, leaving your skin ... Bentonite clay contains many minerals including magnesium, calcium, silica, sodium, copper and iron. Bentonite clay helps to ... Ingredients: olive oil, coconut oil, avocado oil, Shea butter, bentonite clay, sodium hydroxide, distilled water, patchouli ... and avocado oil as well as shea butter and bentonite clay. ...
... namely sodium bentonite. Its essentially a type of absorbent clay. It can absorb up to 10 times its ... Bentonite plug is a type of material that occurs naturally, ... What Is A Bentonite Plug Used For?. June 04, 2014. Bentonite ... Bentonite is frequently used to plug up drill holes for oil. After all of the proper drilling fluids have been used for a ... Fortunately, Bentonite plugs are the perfect way to handle the situation to avoid any danger or inconvenience to anyone in the ...
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Bentonite is a healthy clay that cleanses the entire body of toxins: both internally and externally. Healthy clay is high in a ... Where to buy Bentonite?. You can find Bentonite products, among which - food supplement in capsules or baby cream in " ... Purified Bentonite, Bento Health, 120 capsules Triple purified bentonite neutralizes the action of free radicals. Helps ... Bebento - baby cream with bentonite, Bento Health, 50 ml Bebento is an all-natural baby cream with bentonite clay for irritated ...
Buy Online Bentonite Cat Litter with Activated Charcoal at affordable prices in India. COD available. The best-recycled ... Q. What is Goofy Tails Bentonite Clumping Cat Litter?. Goofy Tails Bentonite Clumping Cat Litter is a type of cat litter made ... ACTIVATED CHARCOAL BENTONITE CAT LITTER: Goofy Tails Activated Carbon Bentonite Cat Litter takes advantage of the natural ... Yes, Goofy Tails Bentonite Clumping Cat Litter is safe for both cats and kittens. It is made from natural bentonite clay, which ...
The soap is formulated with Bentonite clay, suitable for oily skin. It has high cleansing properties. Healing ... Healing clay like Bentonite have a high concentration of minerals including silica, calcium, magnesium, sodium, iron as well as ... KEY INGREDIENTS: Bentonite clay, Fair trade & organic unrefined shea butter. ESSENTIAL OIL BLEND: Eucalyptus, Cedar wood, Pine ... The soap is formulated with Bentonite clay, suitable for oily skin. It has high cleansing properties. ...
Shop our Calcium Bentonite Clay For Cosmetics and Skincare. It is a common ingredient in detox and cleansing products. It is ... Calcium Bentonite Clay - This consists of aged volcanic ash also known as "Pascalite." The name comes from the largest known ... Basic Face Mask Recipe: Mix bentonite clay powder with water to make a thick paste. Apply to the areas of skin that are prone ... Because of this, bentonite clay is a common ingredient in detox and cleansing products. Some recommend internal use for its ...
  • Bentonite clay has been used for thousands of years as both an internal and external purification aid. (jamgroupco.com)
  • Iranians have known Bentonite and its characteristics since far pasts and used Bentonite as mud shampoo, clay soap and etc. (jamgroupco.com)
  • Bentonite clay is a fine-grained rock composed mainly of Montmorillonite minerals. (jamgroupco.com)
  • Bentonite clay is composed of microscopic platelets consisting of layers of aluminum hydroxide held between layers of silicate atoms. (jamgroupco.com)
  • Calcium Bentonite is referred to as "living clay" because of the belief found in many cultures that it is useful as a medicine. (jamgroupco.com)
  • Bentonite is a multi-use clay generated from volcanic ash. (plomberie-courcemont.fr)
  • Bentonite is a clay generated frequently from the alteration of volcanic ash, consisting predominantly of smectite minerals, usually montmorillonite. (plomberie-courcemont.fr)
  • Bentonite Clay is Sodium Bentonite, a combination of montmorillonite and volcanic ash. (thelittleherbalapothecary.com)
  • Our Bentonite Clay Facial Bar is infused with soothing tea tree and lavender essential oils, and nourishing jojoba oil. (belowsealevelcosmetics.com)
  • Montmorillonite aka Calcium Bentonite is a clay-like powder full of chelated trace minerals. (seaclifforganics.nz)
  • Calcium Bentonite Clay Importers From Kenya. (evavaes.be)
  • We are in need of calcium bentonite clay from worldwide. (evavaes.be)
  • Buy Bentonite Clay in bulk direct from the manufacturer. (evavaes.be)
  • Bentonite is a moisture retaining clay used as an earth electrode backfill to help lower soil resistivity. (evavaes.be)
  • High quality bentonite clay cat litter is a premium clumping cat litter that has very low dust for the prevention of sticking to fur and paws that cause tracking. (emilycat.com)
  • EMILY PETS Ball-Shaped Bentonite Cat Litter produced by our company is made of 100% natural bentonite clay, after high-temperature sterilization, So it is very Eco-friendly. (emilycat.com)
  • Our RXSOL-41-8101-025 Bentonite Soil Conditioning Agent is used to moisture-retaining clay. (fujairahchemical.com)
  • The Raymond mill equipment for grinding bentonite is a new generation of environmentally friendly grinding equipment developed by Clirik This mill equipment has a strong adaptability to materials The materials that can be milled include limestone, marble, barite, and white cloud Stone, gypsum, talc, bauxite, marble, feldspar and other nonmetallic minerals The fineness of the milled powder What is Bentonite? (az-kavovary.cz)
  • Because of its high absorbency and clumping tendency, Sodium Bentonite is useful as a sealant. (jamgroupco.com)
  • Its swelling capacity gives Sodium Bentonite the ability to bond with soil and create and impenetrable barrier. (jamgroupco.com)
  • Sodium Bentonite is also used for mud drilling, clumping cat litter, and as a bonding agent for feeds, medicines and cosmetics. (jamgroupco.com)
  • Currently, Sodium Bentonite is being investigated as an absorbing agent to remove E-Coli bacteria from food. (jamgroupco.com)
  • The most economically important Sodium-Bentonites tend to be associated with Jurassic or younger volcanic rocks. (jamgroupco.com)
  • Our non woven bentonite geotextile is a highly resistant, waterproofing geocomposite material containing 5kg of sodium bentonite per square metre. (texdelta.com)
  • This product comprises a woven and a non woven geotextile fabric that surround the sodium bentonite, with its high capacity to expand and low permeability features. (texdelta.com)
  • Bentonites are classified according to several types (e.g. calcium, sodium, potassium) but in the ceramic industry sodium bentonite is the material of commerce (this is the same material used by the drilling industry). (ceramicsupplychicago.com)
  • Sodium bentonites have incredibly small particle sizes (and thus surface areas). (ceramicsupplychicago.com)
  • Swelling: Sodium bentonites expand (as much as 15 times) when added to water. (ceramicsupplychicago.com)
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  • The invention discloses a method for producing bentonite litter by calcium-based bentonite. (plomberie-courcemont.fr)
  • Bentonite cat litter has strong absorption that forms hard clump when coming in contact with liquid waste. (emilycat.com)
  • The practice of geophagy or "earth eating" is centered on the belief that some clays such as Calcium Bentonite is able to be safely ingested for the absorption and removal of toxins from the gastrointestinal tract. (jamgroupco.com)
  • This is because Smectite clays are unstable at higher pressures, and Bentonite is increasingly transformed into mixed Illite-Smectite with increasing depth of burial. (jamgroupco.com)
  • In method, the calcium-based bentonite crude ores are used as a starting point, the bentonite slices are acidified and corroded by an acidifier so as …Calcium Bentonite, Get suppliers, exporters, manufacturers and buyers of Calcium Bentonite in India and overseas. (plomberie-courcemont.fr)
  • India Bentonite Drying Machine crushing machine forbentonite in india types of weigh bentonite grinding mill india bentonite jaw crushersindia The SKD is the professional mining equipments manufacturer in the world loed in. (location-pyrenees-65.fr)
  • Bentonite Crushing Processing Plant Supplier India. (casalomer.es)
  • However a bentonite slurry may require days or weeks to pull the water out evenly. (ceramicsupplychicago.com)
  • Small-scale laboratory tests, using an in-line mixer, were conducted to investigate the effect of variation in reynolds number on the dewaterability of a bentonite slurry. (cdc.gov)
  • Use of the bentonite flocculation test for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis. (cdc.gov)
  • Serum obtained March 9 tested positive for Trichinella antibody by bentonite flocculation (1:160) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (3.707) at CDC. (cdc.gov)
  • Raymond mill, also known as raymond grinding mill, raymond roller mill and raymond grinder, is suitable for grinding non-flammable and non-explosive materials.The finished powder size can be adjusted between 30 and 425 mesh(0.613mm-0.044mm).SOIL-BENTONITE CUTOFF WALL INDEX l. (plomberie-courcemont.fr)
  • A Raymond mill is used for powered bentonite and zeolite. (plomberie-courcemont.fr)
  • Bentonite grinding machine raymond mill for grinding bentonite. (casalomer.es)
  • Reactions induced by instillation of 5 milligrams of bentonite, silica and kaolin were examined at 1, 7, 90, and 180 days. (cdc.gov)
  • Bentonite and kaolin were more hemolytic than silica. (cdc.gov)
  • Kaolin induced greater release of macrophage cytosolic and lysosomal enzymes than silica and bentonite inhibited the activity of alveolar macrophage enzymes. (cdc.gov)
  • The pulmonary response to bentonite and kaolin was temporary , resolving completely by 6 months after exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • The formation of Bentonite is an in situ alteration of rhyolitic volcanic ash. (jamgroupco.com)
  • Bentonite occurs in sedimentary or volcanic sequences where it forms in-situ by the alteration of volcanic ash or tuff. (jamgroupco.com)
  • The modern alternative healthcare industry uses Calcium Bentonite extensively for internal and external toxin removal that is believed to be based on ion exchange. (jamgroupco.com)
  • Get contact details, email, phone and address of companies manufacturing and supplying Calcium Bentonite along with details of Calcium Bentonite importers and buyers. (plomberie-courcemont.fr)
  • Having several Bentonite Mines and a well-equipped Bentonite Grinding Factory, JAM Group Co. is one of the best manufacturers and suppliers of all grades of bentonite such as High Yield, API, OCMA, Super White, and so on. (jamgroupco.com)
  • What Are The Advantages And Principles Of Grinding Mill Machine For 200 Mesh Marble?Grinding Mills, Ultrafine Mills, Powder Processing What is Bentonite? (az-kavovary.cz)
  • Bentonite Grinding Production Process. (location-pyrenees-65.fr)
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  • If a gram of Bentonite were spread out only one particle layer thick, its billions of particles would cover an area greater than a regular football field. (jamgroupco.com)
  • Fine particle size: Bentonite is colloidal (particles are so small the action of water molecules is enough to keep them in suspension). (ceramicsupplychicago.com)
  • Plasticity: Because of their active electrolytic behavior and fine particle size, bentonites exhibit extremely high plasticity (and associated high shrinkage). (ceramicsupplychicago.com)
  • bentonite mining machine 900*900 gold ore mill powder ball grinder, ball mill grinder. (casalomer.es)
  • We have small bentonite vibrating feeder in Abuja Nigeria Africa,Abuja Nigeria AfricaPyrrhotite Impact CrusherFor Sale. (location-pyrenees-65.fr)
  • 1966). The early pioneers used Bentonite from outcrops called "soap holes" to wash their clothes and to lubricate their wagon wheels (Thorson, undated). (jamgroupco.com)
  • High-quality bentonite is generally called pure white, and the higher the whiteness, the higher the product quality. (plomberie-courcemont.fr)
  • Because of the high iron content, bentonite is considered a dirty material and thus the tug-of-war between the valuable working properties it imparts and the need for whiteness or pure color that it impedes. (ceramicsupplychicago.com)
  • High amounts of bentonite will dramatically slow down the drying rate. (ceramicsupplychicago.com)
  • This phenomenon accounts for why glazes and bodies of high bentonite content dry slower. (ceramicsupplychicago.com)
  • Bentonite is used in large quantities in the gas and oil drilling industries to suspend high specific gravity slurries which are used as a medium to float out the chunks of rock cut by the drill bit. (ceramicsupplychicago.com)
  • 1.2.6 Certification of bentonite quality, showing compliance with API Standard .l3A. (plomberie-courcemont.fr)
  • Best quality bentonite and advanced production technology. (petologist.pk)
  • Nowadays Iran has many Bentonite mines and has a great ability to supply Bentonite into other countries. (jamgroupco.com)
  • The mill also includes the processes of attrition and impact, although these actions are limited if the material is easily reduced by cutting and the 5 bentonite. (location-pyrenees-65.fr)
  • There is wide variation in the chemistries of bentonites, it is impossible to specify an average (bentonite is not employed in ceramics for its chemistry). (ceramicsupplychicago.com)
  • Suspension: Bentonite is used to keep particulates in suspension in all sorts of consumer and industrial products, and in glazes in ceramics. (ceramicsupplychicago.com)
  • Iran's Bentonites are famous because of their stunning characteristics. (jamgroupco.com)
  • The final chemical character of the Bentonite is dependent on the combined influences of the chemistry of the primary rock, the environment in which it was deposited and its post-formation history. (jamgroupco.com)
  • Bentonite is far too plastic to prepare test specimens (e.g. for drying, strength and shrinkage evaluation). (ceramicsupplychicago.com)
  • To demonstrate this fill a tall glass cylinder with bentonite to near the top and then carefully pour water on top. (ceramicsupplychicago.com)