Telephone surveys are conducted to monitor prevalence of the major behavioral risks among adults associated with premature MORBIDITY and MORTALITY. The data collected is in regard to actual behaviors, rather than on attitudes or knowledge. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) established the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) in 1984.
Ongoing scrutiny of a population (general population, study population, target population, etc.), generally using methods distinguished by their practicability, uniformity, and frequently their rapidity, rather than by complete accuracy.
Behaviors expressed by individuals to protect, maintain or promote their health status. For example, proper diet, and appropriate exercise are activities perceived to influence health status. Life style is closely associated with health behavior and factors influencing life style are socioeconomic, educational, and cultural.
The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.
An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.
Healthy People Programs are a set of health objectives to be used by governments, communities, professional organizations, and others to help develop programs to improve health. It builds on initiatives pursued over the past two decades beginning with the 1979 Surgeon General's Report, Healthy People, Healthy People 2000: National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives, and Healthy People 2010. These established national health objectives and served as the basis for the development of state and community plans. These are administered by the Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (ODPHP). Similar programs are conducted by other national governments.
A group of islands in the Lesser Antilles in the West Indies, the three main islands being St. Croix, St. Thomas, and St. John. The capital is Charlotte Amalie. Before 1917 the U.S. Virgin Islands were held by the Danish and called the Danish West Indies but the name was changed when the United States acquired them by purchase.
Social and economic factors that characterize the individual or group within the social structure.
Restraining belts fastened to the frame of automobiles, aircraft, or other vehicles, and strapped around the person occupying the seat in the car or plane, intended to prevent the person from being thrown forward or out of the vehicle in case of sudden deceleration.
The level of health of the individual, group, or population as subjectively assessed by the individual or by more objective measures.
Services designed for HEALTH PROMOTION and prevention of disease.
Inhaling and exhaling the smoke of burning TOBACCO.
A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.
Undertaking a task involving a challenge for achievement or a desirable goal in which there is a lack of certainty or a fear of failure. It may also include the exhibiting of certain behaviors whose outcomes may present a risk to the individual or to those associated with him or her.
A systematic collection of factual data pertaining to health and disease in a human population within a given geographic area.
The measurement of the health status for a given population using a variety of indices, including morbidity, mortality, and available health resources.
Insurance providing coverage of medical, surgical, or hospital care in general or for which there is no specific heading.
Persons living in the United States of Mexican (MEXICAN AMERICANS), Puerto Rican, Cuban, Central or South American, or other Spanish culture or origin. The concept does not include Brazilian Americans or Portuguese Americans.
Generally refers to the amount of protection available and the kind of loss which would be paid for under an insurance contract with an insurer. (Slee & Slee, Health Care Terms, 2d ed)
An island in the Greater Antilles in the West Indies. Its capital is San Juan. It is a self-governing commonwealth in union with the United States. It was discovered by Columbus in 1493 but no colonization was attempted until 1508. It belonged to Spain until ceded to the United States in 1898. It became a commonwealth with autonomy in internal affairs in 1952. Columbus named the island San Juan for St. John's Day, the Monday he arrived, and the bay Puerto Rico, rich harbor. The island became Puerto Rico officially in 1932. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p987 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p436)
Individual members of North American ethnic groups with ancient historic ancestral origins in Asia.
An instrument for reproducing sounds especially articulate speech at a distance. (Webster, 3rd ed)
A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the acceptable or desirable weight, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).
Differences in access to or availability of medical facilities and services.
Individuals or groups with no or inadequate health insurance coverage. Those falling into this category usually comprise three primary groups: the medically indigent (MEDICAL INDIGENCY); those whose clinical condition makes them medically uninsurable; and the working uninsured.
Systematic gathering of data for a particular purpose from various sources, including questionnaires, interviews, observation, existing records, and electronic devices. The process is usually preliminary to statistical analysis of the data.
Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the sigmoid flexure.
Variation in rates of disease occurrence and disabilities between population groups defined by socioeconomic characteristics such as age, ethnicity, economic resources, or gender and populations identified geographically or similar measures.
Typical way of life or manner of living characteristic of an individual or group. (From APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 8th ed)
Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care. (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)
Powdered or cut pieces of leaves of NICOTIANA TABACUM which are inhaled through the nose, chewed, or stored in cheek pouches. It includes any product of tobacco that is not smoked.
Educational attainment or level of education of individuals.
Statistical models which describe the relationship between a qualitative dependent variable (that is, one which can take only certain discrete values, such as the presence or absence of a disease) and an independent variable. A common application is in epidemiology for estimating an individual's risk (probability of a disease) as a function of a given risk factor.
Individuals whose ancestral origins are in the continent of Europe.
Sexual attraction or relationship between females.
A group of people with a common cultural heritage that sets them apart from others in a variety of social relationships.
An agency of the UNITED STATES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE that conducts and supports programs for the prevention and control of disease and provides consultation and assistance to health departments and other countries.
Behaviors associated with the ingesting of alcoholic beverages, including social drinking.
Organized periodic procedures performed on large groups of people for the purpose of detecting disease.
Revenues or receipts accruing from business enterprise, labor, or invested capital.
The degree to which individuals are inhibited or facilitated in their ability to gain entry to and to receive care and services from the health care system. Factors influencing this ability include geographic, architectural, transportational, and financial considerations, among others.
Drinking an excessive amount of ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES in a short period of time.
Inuktitut-speakers generally associated with the northern polar region.
Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time.
Vaccines used to prevent infection by viruses in the family ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE. It includes both killed and attenuated vaccines. The composition of the vaccines is changed each year in response to antigenic shifts and changes in prevalence of influenza virus strains. The vaccine is usually bivalent or trivalent, containing one or two INFLUENZAVIRUS A strains and one INFLUENZAVIRUS B strain.
Physical activity which is usually regular and done with the intention of improving or maintaining PHYSICAL FITNESS or HEALTH. Contrast with PHYSICAL EXERTION which is concerned largely with the physiologic and metabolic response to energy expenditure.
Radiographic examination of the breast.
Governmental levies on property, inheritance, gifts, etc.
Persons living in the United States having origins in any of the black groups of Africa.
Groups of individuals whose putative ancestry is from native continental populations based on similarities in physical appearance.
Knowledge, attitudes, and associated behaviors which pertain to health-related topics such as PATHOLOGIC PROCESSES or diseases, their prevention, and treatment. This term refers to non-health workers and health workers (HEALTH PERSONNEL).
Studies in which a number of subjects are selected from all subjects in a defined population. Conclusions based on sample results may be attributed only to the population sampled.
Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or the effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from AGING, a physiological process, and TIME FACTORS which refers only to the passage of time.
Collection of pooled secretions of the posterior vaginal fornix for cytologic examination.
The frequency of different ages or age groups in a given population. The distribution may refer to either how many or what proportion of the group. The population is usually patients with a specific disease but the concept is not restricted to humans and is not restricted to medicine.
Branch of medicine concerned with the prevention and control of disease and disability, and the promotion of physical and mental health of the population on the international, national, state, or municipal level.
The ratio of two odds. The exposure-odds ratio for case control data is the ratio of the odds in favor of exposure among cases to the odds in favor of exposure among noncases. The disease-odds ratio for a cohort or cross section is the ratio of the odds in favor of disease among the exposed to the odds in favor of disease among the unexposed. The prevalence-odds ratio refers to an odds ratio derived cross-sectionally from studies of prevalent cases.
Persons with physical or mental disabilities that affect or limit their activities of daily living and that may require special accommodations.
Predetermined sets of questions used to collect data - clinical data, social status, occupational group, etc. The term is often applied to a self-completed survey instrument.
Administration of vaccines to stimulate the host's immune response. This includes any preparation intended for active immunological prophylaxis.
Chemical, spectroscopic, or microscopic detection of extremely small amounts of blood.
Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infections with STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE.
Elements of residence that characterize a population. They are applicable in determining need for and utilization of health services.
Encouraging consumer behaviors most likely to optimize health potentials (physical and psychosocial) through health information, preventive programs, and access to medical care.
A food group comprised of EDIBLE PLANTS or their parts.
Maleness or femaleness as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from SEX CHARACTERISTICS, anatomical or physiological manifestations of sex, and from SEX DISTRIBUTION, the number of males and females in given circumstances.
Voluntary use of free time for activities outside the daily routine.
Method for obtaining information through verbal responses, written or oral, from subjects.
A generic concept reflecting concern with the modification and enhancement of life attributes, e.g., physical, political, moral and social environment; the overall condition of a human life.
Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the luminal surface of the colon.
The number of new cases of a given disease during a given period in a specified population. It also is used for the rate at which new events occur in a defined population. It is differentiated from PREVALENCE, which refers to all cases, new or old, in the population at a given time.
Individuals whose ancestral origins are in the continent of Africa.
A stratum of people with similar position and prestige; includes social stratification. Social class is measured by criteria such as education, occupation, and income.
The fleshy or dry ripened ovary of a plant, enclosing the seed or seeds.
The state wherein the person is well adjusted.
Discontinuation of the habit of smoking, the inhaling and exhaling of tobacco smoke.
Monitoring of rate of occurrence of specific conditions to assess the stability or change in health levels of a population. It is also the study of disease rates in a specific cohort such as in a geographic area or population subgroup to estimate trends in a larger population. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)
The physical activity of a human or an animal as a behavioral phenomenon.
The number of males and females in a given population. The distribution may refer to how many men or women or what proportion of either in the group. The population is usually patients with a specific disease but the concept is not restricted to humans and is not restricted to medicine.
The inhabitants of a city or town, including metropolitan areas and suburban areas.
The ability to carry out daily tasks and perform physical activities in a highly functional state, often as a result of physical conditioning.
A situation in which the level of living of an individual, family, or group is below the standard of the community. It is often related to a specific income level.
Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX.
Persons who have experienced a prolonged survival after serious disease or who continue to live with a usually life-threatening condition as well as family members, significant others, or individuals surviving traumatic life events.
Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.
An indicator of body density as determined by the relationship of BODY WEIGHT to BODY HEIGHT. BMI=weight (kg)/height squared (m2). BMI correlates with body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE). Their relationship varies with age and gender. For adults, BMI falls into these categories: below 18.5 (underweight); 18.5-24.9 (normal); 25.0-29.9 (overweight); 30.0 and above (obese). (National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)
Conditions or pathological processes associated with the disease of diabetes mellitus. Due to the impaired control of BLOOD GLUCOSE level in diabetic patients, pathological processes develop in numerous tissues and organs including the EYE, the KIDNEY, the BLOOD VESSELS, and the NERVE TISSUE.
The sexual attraction or relationship between members of both the same and the opposite SEX.
An acute viral infection in humans involving the respiratory tract. It is marked by inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA; the PHARYNX; and conjunctiva, and by headache and severe, often generalized, myalgia.
Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity.
The seeking and acceptance by patients of health service.
Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.
An acute brain syndrome which results from the excessive ingestion of ETHANOL or ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.
Public attitudes toward health, disease, and the medical care system.
Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.
The inhabitants of rural areas or of small towns classified as rural.
Persons living in the United States having origins in any of the original peoples of the Far East, Southeast Asia, or the Indian subcontinent.
Methods to identify and characterize cancer in the early stages of disease and predict tumor behavior.
The systematic application of information and computer sciences to public health practice, research, and learning.
New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.
Notification or reporting by a physician or other health care provider of the occurrence of specified contagious diseases such as tuberculosis and HIV infections to designated public health agencies. The United States system of reporting notifiable diseases evolved from the Quarantine Act of 1878, which authorized the US Public Health Service to collect morbidity data on cholera, smallpox, and yellow fever; each state in the US has its own list of notifiable diseases and depends largely on reporting by the individual health care provider. (From Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)
Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.
The ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health-related data with the purpose of preventing or controlling disease or injury, or of identifying unusual events of public health importance, followed by the dissemination and use of information for public health action. (From Am J Prev Med 2011;41(6):636)
Former members of the armed services.
Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.
Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.
The qualitative or quantitative estimation of the likelihood of adverse effects that may result from exposure to specified health hazards or from the absence of beneficial influences. (Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 1988)
Sudden increase in the incidence of a disease. The concept includes EPIDEMICS and PANDEMICS.
Specific practices for the prevention of disease or mental disorders in susceptible individuals or populations. These include HEALTH PROMOTION, including mental health; protective procedures, such as COMMUNICABLE DISEASE CONTROL; and monitoring and regulation of ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS. Primary prevention is to be distinguished from SECONDARY PREVENTION and TERTIARY PREVENTION.

The community-oriented primary care experience in the United kingdom. (1/527)

The UK National Health Service has long delivered public health programs through primary care. However, attempts to promote Sidney Kark's model of community-oriented primary care (COPC), based on general practice populations, have made only limited headway. Recent policy developments give COPC new resonance. Currently, primary care trusts are assuming responsibility for improving the health of the populations they serve, and personal medical service pilots are tailoring primary care to local needs under local contracts. COPC has yielded training packages and frameworks that can assist these new organizations in developing public health skills and understanding among a wide range of primary care professionals.  (+info)

A reexamination of smoking before, during, and after pregnancy. (2/527)

OBJECTIVES: This study examined the patterns and correlates of maternal smoking before, during, and after pregnancy. METHODS: We examined socioeconomic, demographic, and clinical risk factors associated with maternal smoking in a nationally representative cohort of women (n = 8285) who were surveyed 17 +/- 5 months and again 35 +/- 5 months after delivery. RESULTS: Smoking rates among women with a college degree decreased 30% from before pregnancy to 35 months postpartum but did not change among the least educated women. Risk factors clustered, and a gradient linked the number of risk factors (0, 2, 4) to the percentage smoking (6%, 31%, 58%, P <.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The period of pregnancy and early parenthood is associated with worsening education-related disparities in smoking as well as substantial clustering of risk factors. These observations could influence the targeting and design of maternal smoking interventions.  (+info)

Breast, cervical, and colorectal carcinoma screening in a demographically defined region of the southern U.S. (3/527)

BACKGROUND: The "Southern Black Belt," a term used for > 100 years to describe a subregion of the southern U.S., includes counties with high concentrations of African Americans and high levels of poverty and unemployment, and relatively high rates of preventable cancers. METHODS: The authors analyzed data from a state-based telephone survey of adults age >or= 18 years to compare the cancer screening patterns of African-American and white men and women in nonmetropolitan counties of this region, and to compare those rates with those of persons in other southern counties and elsewhere in the U.S. The primary study groups were comprised of 2165-5888 women and 1198 men in this region interviewed through the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. The respondents lived in predominantly rural counties in 11 southern states with sizeable African-American populations (>or= 24.5% of county residents). The main outcome measures were recent use of the Papanicolau (Pap) test, mammography, test for fecal occult blood in the stool (FOBT), and flexible sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy. RESULTS: Between 1998-2000, 66.3% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] +/- 2.7%) of 1817 African-American women in the region age >or= 40 years had received a mammogram within the past 2 years, compared with 69.3% (95% CI +/- 1.8%) of 3922 white women (P = 0.066). The proportion of African-American and white women who had received a Pap test within the past 3 years was similar (85.7% [95% CI +/- 1.9%] vs. 83.4% [95% CI +/- 1.5%]; P = 0.068]. In 1997 and 1999, 29.3% of African-American women in these counties reported ever receiving an FOBT, compared with 36.9% in non-Black Belt counties and 42.5% in the remainder of the U.S. Among white women, 37.7% in Black Belt counties, 44.0% in non-Black Belt counties, and 45.3% in the remainder of the U.S. ever received an FOBT. Overall, similar patterns were noted among both men and women with regard to ever-use of FOBT, flexible sigmoidoscopy, or colonoscopy. Screening rates appeared to vary less by race than by region. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the current study underscore the need for continued efforts to ensure that adults in the nonmetropolitan South receive educational messages, outreach, and provider recommendations concerning the importance of routine cancer screening.  (+info)

Youth risk behavior surveillance--United States, 1999. (4/527)

PROBLEM/CONDITION: Priority health-risk behaviors, which contribute to the leading causes of mortality and morbidity among youth and adults, often are established during youth, extend into adulthood, are interrelated, and are preventable. REPORTING PERIOD: February-May 1999. DESCRIPTION OF THE SYSTEM: The Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) monitors six categories of priority health-risk behaviors among youth and young adults --behaviors that contribute to unintentional and intentional injuries; tobacco use; alcohol and other drug use; sexual behaviors that contribute to unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) (including human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] infection); unhealthy dietary behaviors; and physical inactivity. The YRBSS includes a national school-based survey conducted by CDC as well as state, territorial, and local school-based surveys conducted by education and health agencies. This report summarizes results from the national survey, 33 state surveys, and 16 local surveys conducted among high school students during February-May 1999. RESULTS AND INTERPRETATION: In the United States, approximately three fourths of all deaths among persons aged 10-24 years result from only four causes: motor-vehicle crashes, other unintentional injuries, homicide, and suicide. Results from the 1999 national Youth Risk Behavior Survey demonstrate that numerous high school students engage in behaviors that increase their likelihood of death from these four causes--16.4% had rarely or never worn a seat belt; during the 30 days preceding the survey, 33.1% had ridden with a driver who had been drinking alcohol; 17.3% had carried a weapon during the 30 days preceding the survey; 50.0% had drunk alcohol during the 30 days preceding the survey; 26.7% had used marijuana during the 30 days preceding the survey; and 7.8% had attempted suicide during the 12 months preceding the survey. Substantial morbidity and social problems among young persons also result from unintended pregnancies and STDs, including HIV infection. In 1999, nationwide, 49.9% of high school students had ever had sexual intercourse; 42.0% of sexually active students had not used a condom at last sexual intercourse; and 1.8% had ever injected an illegal drug. Two thirds of all deaths among persons aged > or = 25 years result from only two causes--cardiovascular disease and cancer. The majority of risk behaviors associated with these two causes of death are initiated during adolescence. In 1999, 34.8% of high school students had smoked cigarettes during the 30 days preceding the survey; 76.1% had not eaten > or = 5 servings/day of fruits and vegetables during the 7 days preceding the survey; 16.0% were at risk for becoming overweight; and 70.9% did not attend physical education class daily. ACTIONS TAKEN: These YRBSS data are already being used by health and education officials at national, state, and local levelsto analyze and improve policies and programs to reduce priority health-risk behaviors among youth. The YRBSS data also are being used to measure progress toward achieving 16 national health objectives for 2010 and 3 of the 10 leading health indicators.  (+info)

Smoking cessation and prevention: an urgent public health priority for American Indians in the Northern Plains. (5/527)

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the prevalence of cigarette smoking and smoking cessation among American Indians living on or near Montana's seven reservations to those of non-Indians living in the same geographic region. METHODS: Data for Montana Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) respondents (n = 1,722) were compared to data from a BRFSS survey of American Indians living on or near Montana's seven reservations in 1999 (n = 1,000). Respondents were asked about smoking and smoking cessation as well as cardiovascular disease (CVD) and selected risk factors. Quit ratios were calculated for both groups. RESULTS: American Indians were more likely to report current smoking (38%) than non-Indians (19%; p < 0.001). Thirty-seven percent of Indian respondents with CVD risk factors reported current smoking, compared with 17% of non- Indians with CVD risk factors. However, there was no significant difference in reported smoking rates between Indians (21%) and non-Indians (27%) with a history of CVD. Indian smokers were more likely to report quitting for one or more days in the past year (67%), compared with non-Indians (43%). Quit ratios were significantly lower among Indians (43%) than among non-Indians (65%). CONCLUSIONS: High smoking rates in Indians, particularly among those with other CVD risk factors, demonstrate an urgent need for culturally sensitive smoking cessation interventions among Northern Plains Indians and highlight the need for the Surgeon General's focus on smoking in minority populations.  (+info)

Preventive-care practices among persons with diabetes--United States, 1995 and 2001. (6/527)

Effective interventions are available to persons with diabetes that can prevent or delay the development of serious health complications such as lower limb amputation, blindness, kidney failure, and cardiovascular disease. However, the use of preventive-care practices is lower than recommended, and the national health objectives for 2010 aim to improve care for all persons with diabetes. To assess progress toward meeting these goals, CDC analyzed data on selected diabetes-related preventive-care practices, including influenza and pneumococcal vaccination coverage, from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) from 1995 and 2001. This report presents the findings of these analyses, which indicate that levels of preventive-care practices among persons with diabetes in the United States increased from 1995 to 2001. Further efforts are needed to improve care among persons with diabetes, reduce the burden of diabetes-related complications, and achieve the national health objectives, including continued surveillance of diabetes-related preventive-care practices and collaboration with community-based organizations, health-care providers, public health officials, and persons with diabetes.  (+info)

Risk behaviors of Filipino methamphetamine users in San Francisco: implications for prevention and treatment of drug use and HIV. (7/527)

OBJECTIVE: This study describes the demographics, HIV risk and drug use behaviors, and psychosocial status of Filipino American methamphetamine users in the San Francisco Bay area. METHODS: Individual interviews were conducted with 83 Filipino American methamphetamine users, recruited through snowball sampling methods. A structured survey questionnaire included measures of drug use behaviors, HIV-related sexual behaviors, psychosocial factors, and demographics. RESULTS: Filipino methamphetamine users tended to be male, to have low levels of perceived personal control in their lives, and to report low levels of shame about their drug use. Methamphetamine use was strongly associated with HIV-related risk behaviors. Frequent methamphetamine users tended to engage in drug use before or during sex and to use condoms infrequently. Commercial sex activity was associated with frequency of methamphetamine use. About one-third of the study participants had never been tested for HIV. CONCLUSION: HIV/STD and drug abuse prevention programs that target Filipino Americans are needed. These programs should be tailored to meet clients' needs on the basis of gender, employment status, acculturation, and psychosocial variables that affect drug use and sexual behaviors.  (+info)

Prevalence of self-reported arthritis or chronic joint symptoms among adults--United States, 2001. (8/527)

Arthritis and other rheumatic conditions comprise the leading cause of disability among adults in the United States, and the cost of this public health burden is expected to increase as the U.S. population ages. State-specific estimates of the prevalence of arthritis and chronic joint symptoms (CJS) are important for planning health services and programs to prevent arthritis-related disability and for tracking progress toward meeting state and national health objectives for 2010. In 2001, questions about arthritis and CJS were asked of adult respondents in every state through the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). This report summarizes the results of that survey, which indicate that the estimated U.S. prevalence of arthritis/CJS was 33.0% among adults. Increased intervention efforts, including early diagnosis and appropriate clinical and self-management (e.g., physical activity, education, and maintaining appropriate weight), are needed to reduce the impact of arthritis and CJS.  (+info)

There are several types of diabetes mellitus, including:

1. Type 1 DM: This is an autoimmune condition in which the body's immune system attacks and destroys the cells in the pancreas that produce insulin, resulting in a complete deficiency of insulin production. It typically develops in childhood or adolescence, and patients with this condition require lifelong insulin therapy.
2. Type 2 DM: This is the most common form of diabetes, accounting for around 90% of all cases. It is caused by a combination of insulin resistance (where the body's cells do not respond properly to insulin) and impaired insulin secretion. It is often associated with obesity, physical inactivity, and a diet high in sugar and unhealthy fats.
3. Gestational DM: This type of diabetes develops during pregnancy, usually in the second or third trimester. Hormonal changes and insulin resistance can cause blood sugar levels to rise, putting both the mother and baby at risk.
4. LADA (Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults): This is a form of type 1 DM that develops in adults, typically after the age of 30. It shares features with both type 1 and type 2 DM.
5. MODY (Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young): This is a rare form of diabetes caused by genetic mutations that affect insulin production. It typically develops in young adulthood and can be managed with lifestyle changes and/or medication.

The symptoms of diabetes mellitus can vary depending on the severity of the condition, but may include:

1. Increased thirst and urination
2. Fatigue
3. Blurred vision
4. Cuts or bruises that are slow to heal
5. Tingling or numbness in hands and feet
6. Recurring skin, gum, or bladder infections
7. Flu-like symptoms such as weakness, dizziness, and stomach pain
8. Dark, velvety skin patches (acanthosis nigricans)
9. Yellowish color of the skin and eyes (jaundice)
10. Delayed healing of cuts and wounds

If left untreated, diabetes mellitus can lead to a range of complications, including:

1. Heart disease and stroke
2. Kidney damage and failure
3. Nerve damage (neuropathy)
4. Eye damage (retinopathy)
5. Foot damage (neuropathic ulcers)
6. Cognitive impairment and dementia
7. Increased risk of infections and other diseases, such as pneumonia, gum disease, and urinary tract infections.

It is important to note that not all individuals with diabetes will experience these complications, and that proper management of the condition can greatly reduce the risk of developing these complications.

There are several different types of obesity, including:

1. Central obesity: This type of obesity is characterized by excess fat around the waistline, which can increase the risk of health problems such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
2. Peripheral obesity: This type of obesity is characterized by excess fat in the hips, thighs, and arms.
3. Visceral obesity: This type of obesity is characterized by excess fat around the internal organs in the abdominal cavity.
4. Mixed obesity: This type of obesity is characterized by both central and peripheral obesity.

Obesity can be caused by a variety of factors, including genetics, lack of physical activity, poor diet, sleep deprivation, and certain medications. Treatment for obesity typically involves a combination of lifestyle changes, such as increased physical activity and a healthy diet, and in some cases, medication or surgery may be necessary to achieve weight loss.

Preventing obesity is important for overall health and well-being, and can be achieved through a variety of strategies, including:

1. Eating a healthy, balanced diet that is low in added sugars, saturated fats, and refined carbohydrates.
2. Engaging in regular physical activity, such as walking, jogging, or swimming.
3. Getting enough sleep each night.
4. Managing stress levels through relaxation techniques, such as meditation or deep breathing.
5. Avoiding excessive alcohol consumption and quitting smoking.
6. Monitoring weight and body mass index (BMI) on a regular basis to identify any changes or potential health risks.
7. Seeking professional help from a healthcare provider or registered dietitian for personalized guidance on weight management and healthy lifestyle choices.

The burden of chronic diseases is significant, with over 70% of deaths worldwide attributed to them, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). In addition to the physical and emotional toll they take on individuals and their families, chronic diseases also pose a significant economic burden, accounting for a large proportion of healthcare expenditure.

In this article, we will explore the definition and impact of chronic diseases, as well as strategies for managing and living with them. We will also discuss the importance of early detection and prevention, as well as the role of healthcare providers in addressing the needs of individuals with chronic diseases.

What is a Chronic Disease?

A chronic disease is a condition that lasts for an extended period of time, often affecting daily life and activities. Unlike acute diseases, which have a specific beginning and end, chronic diseases are long-term and persistent. Examples of chronic diseases include:

1. Diabetes
2. Heart disease
3. Arthritis
4. Asthma
5. Cancer
6. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
7. Chronic kidney disease (CKD)
8. Hypertension
9. Osteoporosis
10. Stroke

Impact of Chronic Diseases

The burden of chronic diseases is significant, with over 70% of deaths worldwide attributed to them, according to the WHO. In addition to the physical and emotional toll they take on individuals and their families, chronic diseases also pose a significant economic burden, accounting for a large proportion of healthcare expenditure.

Chronic diseases can also have a significant impact on an individual's quality of life, limiting their ability to participate in activities they enjoy and affecting their relationships with family and friends. Moreover, the financial burden of chronic diseases can lead to poverty and reduce economic productivity, thus having a broader societal impact.

Addressing Chronic Diseases

Given the significant burden of chronic diseases, it is essential that we address them effectively. This requires a multi-faceted approach that includes:

1. Lifestyle modifications: Encouraging healthy behaviors such as regular physical activity, a balanced diet, and smoking cessation can help prevent and manage chronic diseases.
2. Early detection and diagnosis: Identifying risk factors and detecting diseases early can help prevent or delay their progression.
3. Medication management: Effective medication management is crucial for controlling symptoms and slowing disease progression.
4. Multi-disciplinary care: Collaboration between healthcare providers, patients, and families is essential for managing chronic diseases.
5. Health promotion and disease prevention: Educating individuals about the risks of chronic diseases and promoting healthy behaviors can help prevent their onset.
6. Addressing social determinants of health: Social determinants such as poverty, education, and employment can have a significant impact on health outcomes. Addressing these factors is essential for reducing health disparities and improving overall health.
7. Investing in healthcare infrastructure: Investing in healthcare infrastructure, technology, and research is necessary to improve disease detection, diagnosis, and treatment.
8. Encouraging policy change: Policy changes can help create supportive environments for healthy behaviors and reduce the burden of chronic diseases.
9. Increasing public awareness: Raising public awareness about the risks and consequences of chronic diseases can help individuals make informed decisions about their health.
10. Providing support for caregivers: Chronic diseases can have a significant impact on family members and caregivers, so providing them with support is essential for improving overall health outcomes.

Conclusion

Chronic diseases are a major public health burden that affect millions of people worldwide. Addressing these diseases requires a multi-faceted approach that includes lifestyle changes, addressing social determinants of health, investing in healthcare infrastructure, encouraging policy change, increasing public awareness, and providing support for caregivers. By taking a comprehensive approach to chronic disease prevention and management, we can improve the health and well-being of individuals and communities worldwide.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative condition that occurs when the cartilage that cushions the joints breaks down over time, causing the bones to rub together. It is the most common form of arthritis and typically affects older adults.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune condition that occurs when the body's immune system attacks the lining of the joints, leading to inflammation and pain. It can affect anyone, regardless of age, and is typically seen in women.

Other types of arthritis include psoriatic arthritis, gouty arthritis, and lupus-related arthritis. Treatment for arthritis depends on the type and severity of the condition, but can include medications such as pain relievers, anti-inflammatory drugs, and disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Physical therapy and lifestyle changes, such as exercise and weight loss, can also be helpful. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to repair or replace damaged joints.

Arthritis is a leading cause of disability worldwide, affecting over 50 million adults in the United States alone. It can have a significant impact on a person's quality of life, making everyday activities such as walking, dressing, and grooming difficult and painful. Early diagnosis and treatment are important to help manage symptoms and slow the progression of the disease.

Binge drinking can be defined in terms of the amount of alcohol consumed, the time frame over which it is consumed, and the level of intoxication or impairment that results. In the United States, for example, the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) defines binge drinking as follows:

* For men: consuming five or more standard drinks within about two hours.
* For women: consuming four or more standard drinks within about two hours.

It is important to note that the amount of alcohol consumed and the time frame over which it is consumed are not the only factors that determine whether someone is binge drinking. Other factors, such as their age, weight, and overall health status, can also play a role in determining the risks associated with their alcohol consumption.

In addition to the amount of alcohol consumed, binge drinking can also be defined based on the level of intoxication or impairment that results. For example, someone who is stumbling, slurring their words, or having difficulty walking may be considered to be severely intoxicated and at risk for alcohol-related injuries or death.

Overall, binge drinking is a form of alcohol consumption that can have serious short-term and long-term health consequences, and it is important to be aware of the risks associated with this type of behavior in order to make informed decisions about alcohol use.

Precancerous changes in the uterine cervix are called dysplasias, and they can be detected by a Pap smear, which is a routine screening test for women. If dysplasia is found, it can be treated with cryotherapy (freezing), laser therapy, or cone biopsy, which removes the affected cells.

Cervical cancer is rare in developed countries where Pap screening is widely available, but it remains a common cancer in developing countries where access to healthcare and screening is limited. The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine has been shown to be effective in preventing cervical precancerous changes and cancer.

Cervical cancer can be treated with surgery, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy, depending on the stage and location of the cancer. The prognosis for early-stage cervical cancer is good, but advanced-stage cancer can be difficult to treat and may have a poor prognosis.

The following are some types of uterine cervical neoplasms:

1. Adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS): This is a precancerous condition that occurs when glandular cells on the surface of the cervix become abnormal and grow out of control.
2. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN): This is a precancerous condition that occurs when abnormal cells are found on the surface of the cervix. There are several types of CIN, ranging from mild to severe.
3. Squamous cell carcinoma: This is the most common type of cervical cancer and arises from the squamous cells that line the cervix.
4. Adnexal carcinoma: This is a rare type of cervical cancer that arises from the glands or ducts near the cervix.
5. Small cell carcinoma: This is a rare and aggressive type of cervical cancer that grows rapidly and can spread quickly to other parts of the body.
6. Micropapillary uterine carcinoma: This is a rare type of cervical cancer that grows in a finger-like shape and can be difficult to diagnose.
7. Clear cell carcinoma: This is a rare type of cervical cancer that arises from clear cells and can be more aggressive than other types of cervical cancer.
8. Adenocarcinoma: This is a type of cervical cancer that arises from glandular cells and can be less aggressive than squamous cell carcinoma.
9. Sarcoma: This is a rare type of cervical cancer that arises from the connective tissue of the cervix.

The treatment options for uterine cervical neoplasms depend on the stage and location of the cancer, as well as the patient's overall health and preferences. The following are some common treatments for uterine cervical neoplasms:

1. Hysterectomy: This is a surgical procedure to remove the uterus and may be recommended for early-stage cancers or precancerous changes.
2. Cryotherapy: This is a minimally invasive procedure that uses liquid nitrogen to freeze and destroy abnormal cells in the cervix.
3. Laser therapy: This is a minimally invasive procedure that uses a laser to remove or destroy abnormal cells in the cervix.
4. Cone biopsy: This is a surgical procedure to remove a small cone-shaped sample of tissue from the cervix to diagnose and treat early-stage cancers or precancerous changes.
5. Radiation therapy: This is a non-surgical treatment that uses high-energy rays to kill cancer cells and may be recommended for more advanced cancers or when the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
6. Chemotherapy: This is a non-surgical treatment that uses drugs to kill cancer cells and may be recommended for more advanced cancers or when the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
7. Immunotherapy: This is a non-surgical treatment that uses drugs to stimulate the immune system to fight cancer cells and may be recommended for more advanced cancers or when other treatments have failed.
8. Targeted therapy: This is a non-surgical treatment that uses drugs to target specific genes or proteins that contribute to cancer growth and development and may be recommended for more advanced cancers or when other treatments have failed.

It is important to note that the choice of treatment will depend on the stage and location of the cancer, as well as the patient's overall health and preferences. Patients should discuss their treatment options with their doctor and develop a personalized plan that is right for them.

There are two types of hypertension:

1. Primary Hypertension: This type of hypertension has no identifiable cause and is also known as essential hypertension. It accounts for about 90% of all cases of hypertension.
2. Secondary Hypertension: This type of hypertension is caused by an underlying medical condition or medication. It accounts for about 10% of all cases of hypertension.

Some common causes of secondary hypertension include:

* Kidney disease
* Adrenal gland disorders
* Hormonal imbalances
* Certain medications
* Sleep apnea
* Cocaine use

There are also several risk factors for hypertension, including:

* Age (the risk increases with age)
* Family history of hypertension
* Obesity
* Lack of exercise
* High sodium intake
* Low potassium intake
* Stress

Hypertension is often asymptomatic, and it can cause damage to the blood vessels and organs over time. Some potential complications of hypertension include:

* Heart disease (e.g., heart attacks, heart failure)
* Stroke
* Kidney disease (e.g., chronic kidney disease, end-stage renal disease)
* Vision loss (e.g., retinopathy)
* Peripheral artery disease

Hypertension is typically diagnosed through blood pressure readings taken over a period of time. Treatment for hypertension may include lifestyle changes (e.g., diet, exercise, stress management), medications, or a combination of both. The goal of treatment is to reduce the risk of complications and improve quality of life.

1. Heart Disease: High blood sugar levels can damage the blood vessels and increase the risk of heart disease, which includes conditions like heart attacks, strokes, and peripheral artery disease.
2. Kidney Damage: Uncontrolled diabetes can damage the kidneys over time, leading to chronic kidney disease and potentially even kidney failure.
3. Nerve Damage: High blood sugar levels can damage the nerves in the body, causing numbness, tingling, and pain in the hands and feet. This is known as diabetic neuropathy.
4. Eye Problems: Diabetes can cause changes in the blood vessels of the eyes, leading to vision problems and even blindness. This is known as diabetic retinopathy.
5. Infections: People with diabetes are more prone to developing skin infections, urinary tract infections, and other types of infections due to their weakened immune system.
6. Amputations: Poor blood flow and nerve damage can lead to amputations of the feet or legs if left untreated.
7. Cognitive Decline: Diabetes has been linked to an increased risk of cognitive decline and dementia.
8. Sexual Dysfunction: Men with diabetes may experience erectile dysfunction, while women with diabetes may experience decreased sexual desire and vaginal dryness.
9. Gum Disease: People with diabetes are more prone to developing gum disease and other oral health problems due to their increased risk of infection.
10. Flu and Pneumonia: Diabetes can weaken the immune system, making it easier to catch the flu and pneumonia.

It is important for people with diabetes to manage their condition properly to prevent or delay these complications from occurring. This includes monitoring blood sugar levels regularly, taking medication as prescribed by a doctor, and following a healthy diet and exercise plan. Regular check-ups with a healthcare provider can also help identify any potential complications early on and prevent them from becoming more serious.

Symptoms of influenza include:

* Fever (usually high)
* Cough
* Sore throat
* Runny or stuffy nose
* Headache
* Muscle or body aches
* Fatigue (tiredness)
* Diarrhea and nausea (more common in children than adults)

Influenza can lead to serious complications, such as pneumonia, bronchitis, and sinus and ear infections. These complications are more likely to occur in people who have a weakened immune system, such as the elderly, young children, and people with certain chronic health conditions (like heart disease, diabetes, and lung disease).

Influenza is diagnosed based on a physical examination and medical history. A healthcare provider may also use a rapid influenza test (RIT) or a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment for influenza typically involves rest, hydration, and over-the-counter medications such as acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) to relieve fever and body aches. Antiviral medications, such as oseltamivir (Tamiflu) or zanamivir (Relenza), may also be prescribed to help shorten the duration and severity of the illness. However, these medications are most effective when started within 48 hours of the onset of symptoms.

Prevention is key in avoiding influenza. Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent influenza, as well as practicing good hygiene such as washing your hands frequently, avoiding close contact with people who are sick, and staying home when you are sick.

Acute wounds and injuries are those that occur suddenly and heal within a relatively short period of time, usually within a few days or weeks. Examples of acute wounds include cuts, scrapes, and burns. Chronic wounds and injuries, on the other hand, are those that persist over a longer period of time and may not heal properly, leading to long-term complications. Examples of chronic wounds include diabetic foot ulcers, pressure ulcers, and chronic back pain.

Wounds and injuries can be caused by a variety of factors, including accidents, sports injuries, violence, and medical conditions such as diabetes or circulatory problems. Treatment for wounds and injuries depends on the severity of the injury and may include cleaning and dressing the wound, applying antibiotics, immobilizing broken bones, and providing pain management. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to repair damaged tissues or restore function.

Preventive measures for wounds and injuries include wearing appropriate protective gear during activities such as sports or work, following safety protocols to avoid accidents, maintaining proper hygiene and nutrition to prevent infection, and seeking medical attention promptly if an injury occurs.

Overall, wounds and injuries can have a significant impact on an individual's quality of life, and it is important to seek medical attention promptly if symptoms persist or worsen over time. Proper treatment and management of wounds and injuries can help to promote healing, reduce the risk of complications, and improve long-term outcomes.

The causes of colorectal neoplasms are not fully understood, but factors such as age, genetics, diet, and lifestyle have been implicated. Symptoms of colorectal cancer can include changes in bowel habits, blood in the stool, abdominal pain, and weight loss. Screening for colorectal cancer is recommended for adults over the age of 50, as it can help detect early-stage tumors and improve survival rates.

There are several subtypes of colorectal neoplasms, including adenomas (which are precancerous polyps), carcinomas (which are malignant tumors), and lymphomas (which are cancers of the immune system). Treatment options for colorectal cancer depend on the stage and location of the tumor, but may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or a combination of these.

Research into the causes and treatment of colorectal neoplasms is ongoing, and there has been significant progress in recent years. Advances in screening and treatment have improved survival rates for patients with colorectal cancer, and there is hope that continued research will lead to even more effective treatments in the future.

The causes of alcoholic intoxication are due to the consumption of alcoholic beverages, which contain ethanol, a psychoactive substance that affects the central nervous system. When alcohol is ingested, it is absorbed into the bloodstream and rapidly distributed throughout the body. As the blood alcohol concentration (BAC) rises, it can impair the functioning of various organs and systems, including the brain, liver, and cardiovascular system.

The symptoms of alcoholic intoxication can vary depending on the individual's BAC, but common signs include:

* Slurred speech and poor coordination
* Dizziness and drowsiness
* Decreased inhibitions and impaired judgment
* Memory loss or blackouts
* Nausea and vomiting
* Headaches and hangovers

In severe cases of alcoholic intoxication, individuals may experience more serious symptoms such as:

* Confusion and disorientation
* Agitation and belligerence
* Seizures and loss of consciousness
* Coma and death

Treatment for alcoholic intoxication typically involves supportive care, such as rest, hydration, and monitoring of vital signs. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary to manage complications such as seizures or respiratory depression.

Prevention of alcoholic intoxication includes responsible drinking practices, such as limiting the amount of alcohol consumed, pacing oneself, and avoiding binge drinking. It is also important to eat before and while drinking, as food can help slow down the absorption of alcohol into the bloodstream.

Overall, alcoholic intoxication is a common condition that can have serious consequences if not managed properly. It is important to be aware of the risks associated with excessive alcohol consumption and to take steps to prevent or manage intoxication.

Neoplasm refers to an abnormal growth of cells that can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Neoplasms can occur in any part of the body and can affect various organs and tissues. The term "neoplasm" is often used interchangeably with "tumor," but while all tumors are neoplasms, not all neoplasms are tumors.

Types of Neoplasms

There are many different types of neoplasms, including:

1. Carcinomas: These are malignant tumors that arise in the epithelial cells lining organs and glands. Examples include breast cancer, lung cancer, and colon cancer.
2. Sarcomas: These are malignant tumors that arise in connective tissue, such as bone, cartilage, and fat. Examples include osteosarcoma (bone cancer) and soft tissue sarcoma.
3. Lymphomas: These are cancers of the immune system, specifically affecting the lymph nodes and other lymphoid tissues. Examples include Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
4. Leukemias: These are cancers of the blood and bone marrow that affect the white blood cells. Examples include acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).
5. Melanomas: These are malignant tumors that arise in the pigment-producing cells called melanocytes. Examples include skin melanoma and eye melanoma.

Causes and Risk Factors of Neoplasms

The exact causes of neoplasms are not fully understood, but there are several known risk factors that can increase the likelihood of developing a neoplasm. These include:

1. Genetic predisposition: Some people may be born with genetic mutations that increase their risk of developing certain types of neoplasms.
2. Environmental factors: Exposure to certain environmental toxins, such as radiation and certain chemicals, can increase the risk of developing a neoplasm.
3. Infection: Some neoplasms are caused by viruses or bacteria. For example, human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common cause of cervical cancer.
4. Lifestyle factors: Factors such as smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and a poor diet can increase the risk of developing certain types of neoplasms.
5. Family history: A person's risk of developing a neoplasm may be higher if they have a family history of the condition.

Signs and Symptoms of Neoplasms

The signs and symptoms of neoplasms can vary depending on the type of cancer and where it is located in the body. Some common signs and symptoms include:

1. Unusual lumps or swelling
2. Pain
3. Fatigue
4. Weight loss
5. Change in bowel or bladder habits
6. Unexplained bleeding
7. Coughing up blood
8. Hoarseness or a persistent cough
9. Changes in appetite or digestion
10. Skin changes, such as a new mole or a change in the size or color of an existing mole.

Diagnosis and Treatment of Neoplasms

The diagnosis of a neoplasm usually involves a combination of physical examination, imaging tests (such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRI scans), and biopsy. A biopsy involves removing a small sample of tissue from the suspected tumor and examining it under a microscope for cancer cells.

The treatment of neoplasms depends on the type, size, location, and stage of the cancer, as well as the patient's overall health. Some common treatments include:

1. Surgery: Removing the tumor and surrounding tissue can be an effective way to treat many types of cancer.
2. Chemotherapy: Using drugs to kill cancer cells can be effective for some types of cancer, especially if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
3. Radiation therapy: Using high-energy radiation to kill cancer cells can be effective for some types of cancer, especially if the cancer is located in a specific area of the body.
4. Immunotherapy: Boosting the body's immune system to fight cancer can be an effective treatment for some types of cancer.
5. Targeted therapy: Using drugs or other substances to target specific molecules on cancer cells can be an effective treatment for some types of cancer.

Prevention of Neoplasms

While it is not always possible to prevent neoplasms, there are several steps that can reduce the risk of developing cancer. These include:

1. Avoiding exposure to known carcinogens (such as tobacco smoke and radiation)
2. Maintaining a healthy diet and lifestyle
3. Getting regular exercise
4. Not smoking or using tobacco products
5. Limiting alcohol consumption
6. Getting vaccinated against certain viruses that are associated with cancer (such as human papillomavirus, or HPV)
7. Participating in screening programs for early detection of cancer (such as mammograms for breast cancer and colonoscopies for colon cancer)
8. Avoiding excessive exposure to sunlight and using protective measures such as sunscreen and hats to prevent skin cancer.

It's important to note that not all cancers can be prevented, and some may be caused by factors that are not yet understood or cannot be controlled. However, by taking these steps, individuals can reduce their risk of developing cancer and improve their overall health and well-being.

There are different types of Breast Neoplasms such as:

1. Fibroadenomas: These are benign tumors that are made up of glandular and fibrous tissues. They are usually small and round, with a smooth surface, and can be moved easily under the skin.

2. Cysts: These are fluid-filled sacs that can develop in both breast tissue and milk ducts. They are usually benign and can disappear on their own or be drained surgically.

3. Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS): This is a precancerous condition where abnormal cells grow inside the milk ducts. If left untreated, it can progress to invasive breast cancer.

4. Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC): This is the most common type of breast cancer and starts in the milk ducts but grows out of them and invades surrounding tissue.

5. Invasive Lobular Carcinoma (ILC): It originates in the milk-producing glands (lobules) and grows out of them, invading nearby tissue.

Breast Neoplasms can cause various symptoms such as a lump or thickening in the breast or underarm area, skin changes like redness or dimpling, change in size or shape of one or both breasts, discharge from the nipple, and changes in the texture or color of the skin.

Treatment options for Breast Neoplasms may include surgery such as lumpectomy, mastectomy, or breast-conserving surgery, radiation therapy which uses high-energy beams to kill cancer cells, chemotherapy using drugs to kill cancer cells, targeted therapy which uses drugs or other substances to identify and attack cancer cells while minimizing harm to normal cells, hormone therapy, immunotherapy, and clinical trials.

It is important to note that not all Breast Neoplasms are cancerous; some are benign (non-cancerous) tumors that do not spread or grow.

1. Coronary artery disease: The narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries, which supply blood to the heart.
2. Heart failure: A condition in which the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs.
3. Arrhythmias: Abnormal heart rhythms that can be too fast, too slow, or irregular.
4. Heart valve disease: Problems with the heart valves that control blood flow through the heart.
5. Heart muscle disease (cardiomyopathy): Disease of the heart muscle that can lead to heart failure.
6. Congenital heart disease: Defects in the heart's structure and function that are present at birth.
7. Peripheral artery disease: The narrowing or blockage of blood vessels that supply oxygen and nutrients to the arms, legs, and other organs.
8. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT): A blood clot that forms in a deep vein, usually in the leg.
9. Pulmonary embolism: A blockage in one of the arteries in the lungs, which can be caused by a blood clot or other debris.
10. Stroke: A condition in which there is a lack of oxygen to the brain due to a blockage or rupture of blood vessels.

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In a study based on data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, more than one-third (34%) of Latin American ... Risk factors for mental illness include a propensity for high neuroticism or "emotional instability". In anxiety, risk factors ... "Disparities in behavioral health risk factors in the past decade have also grown and closely parallel the overall growth in the ... Different risk factors may be present at different ages, with risk occurring as early as during prenatal period. A number of ...
In 2017-2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System figures, adults in Door County have the highest incidence of arthritis ... Possible factors included lack of ballast and a sudden development of 11-foot (3.4 m) waves. The body of one of the two crew ... Out of all races, 7 were ethnically Hispanic/Latino In 2019, the county Behavioral Health Unit had 185 clients, up from 142 in ... Egg Harbor operates a free public bicycle-sharing system, limited to daylight hours within the village during the tourist ...
... behavioral risk factor surveillance system MeSH E05.318.308.250.300 - dental health surveys MeSH E05.318.308.250.300.300 - ... risk assessment MeSH E05.318.740.600.800.725 - risk factors MeSH E05.318.740.600.900 - uncertainty MeSH E05.318.740.750 - ... population surveillance MeSH E05.318.308.250.700.650 - sentinel surveillance MeSH E05.318.308.335 - health care surveys MeSH ... two-hybrid system techniques MeSH E05.393.560.150 - comet assay MeSH E05.393.560.598 - micronucleus tests MeSH E05.393.600.300 ...
... and asking them some Spanish-translated versions of the United States 2005 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. The ... The air-quality monitor system (IMECA) is the tool used by the Mexican Authorities to measure air quality. A total of 8 system ... IMECA is the index used to display the level of pollution and the level of risk that represents to the human health in the ... Other factors include the proliferation of vehicles, rapid industrial growth, and the population boom. The Mexican government ...
An analysis of Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey data found a 2.8% annual increase in viral suppression ... Risk adjustment involves transferring funds from plans with lower-risk enrollees to plans with higher-risk enrollees. It was ... Of the three risk management programs, only risk adjustment was permanent. Plans with low actuarial risk compensate plans with ... The risk-corridor program was a temporary risk management device.: 1 It was intended to encourage reluctant insurers into ACA ...
"Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Data Collection in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System". Center for American ... While the Canadian healthcare system has been called a single payer system, Canada "does not have a single health care system" ... In 2019, 80 percent of Canadian adults self-reported having at least one major risk factor for chronic disease; smoking, ... The Canadian health care system is often compared to the U.S. system. According to a report by the New York-based independent ...
Furthermore, the data from the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) showed that Black students commit suicide at ... clinician and therapeutic factors, the school system, religion/spirituality, and social networks. When examining the prevalence ... "If I took my child to a professional for help with emotional or behavioral problems, I think people in my community would find ... "Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance - United States, 2017". MMWR. Surveillance Summaries. 67 (8): 1-114. doi:10.15585/mmwr. ...
Certain predictive factors, like being labeled as "narcissistic" or committing adultery, are common traits among fraud ... The fieldwork may carry out legal risks if internal auditing checklists are employed instead asking to a forensic accountant ... It is important that forensic accountants possess skills such as microeconomics, cost-center accounting systems, coming up with ... Ramamoorti, Sridhar (November 1, 2008). "The Psychology and Sociology of Fraud: Integrating the Behavioral Sciences Component ...
This is done in consideration of "demographic, environmental, behavioral, socioeconomic, genetic, and infections risk factors ... With the more mainstream use of geographic information systems, the capabilities of spatial interpolation and mapping have been ... Clustering, disease clusters, and surveillance. Disease clusters, or spatial groupings of proximity and characteristically ... Mainly used for explanatory purposes, disease maps can be presented to survey high-risk areas and to help policy and resource ...
Eliminating Co-factors: Tackling the very diseases that increase risk of HIV infections can help slow down the rates of HIV ... According to a report by U.S health surveillance, tooth decay peaks earlier in life and is more severe in children with ... Malnutrition, the immune system, and infectious diseases operate in a cyclical manner: infectious diseases have deleterious ... Children are particularly vulnerable to low levels of lead, and can display behavioral changes, hearing problems, and other ...
These issues are separate from a more overt use of drones for the purpose of surveillance. There is a concept of behavioral ... In addition, posting notices about equipment puts it at risk to be stolen by thieves. In the United States, the FAA regulations ... These types of monitoring systems will, by design, capture and retain many photos of people. Camera trapping is still very ... Yoo, Wonsang; Yu, Eun; Jung, Jaemin (September 2018). "Drone delivery: Factors affecting the public's attitude and intention to ...
Other factors, such as the 39% drop in New York City's unemployment rate between 1992 and 1999, could also explain the decrease ... One of his major efforts was to lead a campaign from 1984 to 1990 to rid graffiti from New York's subway system. In 1990, ... Thus, individuals look for signals within the environment as to the social norms in the setting and the risk of getting caught ... and behavioral codes (walking in lines, specified bathroom times). From 2004 to 2006, Stephen B. Plank and colleagues from ...
Technology such as electronic surveillance, electronic monitoring, urinalysis, and computer-based offender tracking systems are ... The ubiquity of McDonald's and the uniformity of its practices is a contributing factor to globalization. Junk food news, ... to attempting to control classes of offenders who are considered to be at high risk of recidivism through standardized ... American Behavioral Scientist. 47 (2): 137-153. doi:10.1177/0002764203256180. S2CID 220676247. John Scott and Gordon Marshall ( ...
Research has identified health-behavioral and biological factors that are related to increased risk for cardiovascular disease ... and organizational risk factors for WRMSD: Population-based estimates from the Connecticut Upper-extremity Surveillance Project ... DeQuattro, V., & Hamad, R. (1985). The role of stress and the sympathetic nervous system in hypertension and ischemic heart ... 2012) found that, controlling for other risk factors, having a high-strain job at baseline increased the risk of CVD in ...
... prevalence rates and risk factors, Aggressive Violent Behavior, Sep 2013; 18(5): 471-483 Pablo Lira, Índice de violência ... Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 5, pp. 1760-1764 Du Mont J., White D. (2013). "Sexual violence: what does it take ... "Rape has become a way of life in South Africa". Health Systems Trust. 2013-11-01. Archived from the original on 2013-10-23. ... Rape surveillance through district surgeons' offices in Johannesburg, 1996-1998: findings, evaluation and prevention ...
The legal systems of most countries generally do not accept neuroimaging data as permissible evidence, with some exceptions. ... Surveillance with current neuroimaging technology is considered difficult, given how fMRI data is difficult to collect and ... Pulice, Erin B. Pulice (2010). "The Right to Silence at Risk: Neuroscience-Based Lie Detection in the United Kingdom, India, ... Neurodata can be used to diagnose and predict behavioral disorders and patterns such as psychopathy and antisocial behavior, ...
Behavioral economics is a subset of the study of economics that examines how cognitive, social, and emotional factors play in ... Social support systems can influence how an individual performs self-care maintenance. Social support systems include family, ... Sleep deficiency increases the risk of heart disease, kidney disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, excess weight, and risk- ... Self-care monitoring is the process of surveillance that involves measurement and perception of bodily changes, or "body ...
Transit Systems Struggle With the Virus. U.S. cities with public transit systems are being forced to adapt to the risks posed ... These factors could result in social and economic disruption. Modeling and simulation studies based on U.S. data suggest that ... National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance. 16 (2): 119-126. doi:10.1016/j.prrv.2014.01.003. PMID 24630149. ... behavioral therapy, occupational therapy, speech services, and individual aides through school, but this can be a major ...
Rewers, M; Ludvigsson, J (June 2016). "Environmental risk factors for type 1 diabetes". Lancet. 387 (10035): 2340-48. doi: ... the 2009 influenza A subtype H1N1 virus and the 1976 influenza A/NJ virus many countries established surveillance systems for ... from offering pain reduction at the time of injection to long-term behavioral therapy. Tensing the stomach muscles can help ... public attention shifts away from the risks of disease to the risk of vaccination, and it becomes challenging for health ...
There has been increased attention to the health risks associated with exposure to PFASs, which can affect the immune system, ... Much of what we know about PFASs exposure and health effects began with medical surveillance studies of workers exposed to ... The mechanisms now diverge, with one pathway suggesting elevated estradiol levels increase Tissue Growth Factor alpha (TGF ... Barton KE, Starling AP, Higgins CP, McDonough CA, Calafat AM, Adgate JL (January 2020). "Sociodemographic and behavioral ...
The vast majority of cancer cases are due to environmental risk factors. Many of these environmental factors are controllable ... and behavioral factors and not merely pollution. Common environmental factors that contribute to cancer death include tobacco ... not only through its effect on body weight but also through negative effects on the immune system and endocrine system. More ... Carriers of these mutations may then undergo enhanced surveillance, chemoprevention, or preventative surgery to reduce their ...
There are other factors like availability of the services and reasons like poverty and accumulation of debt that affect ... Certain ideal systems or standards should be set for those whom are accepted into the temporary accommodations. Adequate social ... Assistance is provided everywhere around the world to those whom are in need and are at risk. These assistances currently are ... Fopp, Rodney (2002-09-01). "Increasing the Potential for Gaze, Surveillance and Normalisation: the transformation of an ...
How private prisons game the system. Alternet at Salon. December 1, 2011. America's private prison system is a national ... Private prisons tend to house prisoner that carry lower risk levels and require fewer services than their public counterparts ... as well as a cover-up involving members of staff by avoiding surveillance cameras in order not to be recorded, and purposefully ... the prisons must share common factors such as similar levels of security, number of staff, and population in the prisons. ...
"Artificial Intelligence as a Positive and Negative Factor in Global Risk" (PDF), Global Catastrophic Risks, Oxford University ... Werbos, Paul (1982). "Beyond Regression: New Tools for Prediction and Analysis in the Behavioral Sciences" (PDF). System ... face recognition and voice recognition allow widespread surveillance; such surveillance allows machine learning to classify ... When an enemy is trying to manipulate and hack an AI system, the risks are even greater." (p. 140.) Serenko, Alexander (2010 ...
The U.S. intelligence and security officials raised warnings about the security risks involved in using these kits, as BGI was ... Controlling for relevant factors, Republican governors were slower to implement social distance policies than Democratic ... "N.Y.'s Javits Center to Add 2,000 Beds to System Under Strain". Bloomberg News. March 23, 2020. Retrieved March 26, 2020. ... Congress has allocated $631 million for state and local health surveillance programs, but the Johns Hopkins Center for Health ...
They will also try to minimize risks of crime by considering the time, place, and other situational factors. Becker, for ... serotonin systems, catecholamine systems, and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis. Abnormalities in these systems ... Rational choice theories also suggest that increasing risk and likelihood of being caught, through added surveillance, law ... Some criminologists examine behavioral patterns of possible criminals. Generally, criminologists conduct research and ...
An increase in surveillance and reporting of CJD is most likely in response to BSE and vCJD. Possible factors contributing to ... It can be familial (fCJD); or it may appear without clear risk factors (sporadic form: sCJD). In the familial form, a mutation ... Prions are misfolded proteins that occur in the neurons of the central nervous system (CNS). They are thought to affect ... Early symptoms include memory problems, behavioral changes, poor coordination, and visual disturbances. Later symptoms include ...
"Citizen Sensing - Urban Climate Resilience through Participatory Risk Management Systems". CITTA. September 2017. Retrieved 5 ... Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - CHI '15. pp. 4069-4078. doi:10.1145/ ... National Academies Of Sciences, Engineering; Division of Behavioral Social Sciences Education; Board On Science, Education; ... Description and validation of population surveillance of symptoms and behavior in relation to COVID-19". PLOS ONE. 16 (6): ...
... ranking system distinguishes between levels of prenatal alcohol exposure as high risk and some risk. It operationalizes high ... Other risk factors include the mother's older age, smoking, and poor diet. There is no known safe amount or time to drink ... The behavioral effects of ARND are not necessarily unique to alcohol however, so use of the term must be within the context of ... Passive surveillance is a prevention technique used within Australia to assist in monitoring and establishing detectable ...
... cerebral palsy or a more severe Gross Motor Function Classification System assessment in particular are considered risk factors ... 2009). Developmental-behavioral pediatrics (4th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Saunders/Elsevier. p. 264. ISBN 9781416033707. Saunders ... hip surveillance, home programmes, occupational therapy after botulinum toxin, pressure care) and surgery. There is also ... Risk factors include preterm birth, being a twin, certain infections during pregnancy, such as toxoplasmosis or rubella, ...
Informing Processes, Risks, Evaluation of the Risk of Misinforming, in Foundations of Informing Science, ISI, 2009, pp. 323-356 ... Lastly, mass surveillance helps the political and industrial leaders to amass large volumes of information, which is typically ... Furthermore, an educational system relying on substantial tuition fees can generate information imbalances between the poor and ... Akerlof continues to champion behavioral economics, that these breaches into the fields of psychology and sociology are ...
... data from the national HIV behavioral surveillance system". International Aids Society. Archived from the original on December ... One of the major factors that contributes to higher rates of STDs like HIV/AIDS is lack of medical access. Rather than a high ... Black LGBT individuals face many health risks due to discriminatory policies and behaviors in medicine. Due to lack of medical ... This was due to multiple factors such as care providers' lack of proficiency in treating patients with sexual identity and ...
... and the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System that included a total of 355,358 subjects in Nature Human Behaviour to examine ... Young K, de Abreu CN (2017). Internet addiction in children and adolescents : risk factors, assessment, and treatment. New York ... In May 2019, Behavioral Sciences published an online parental survey of 327 children with ASD that found that children with ASD ... Findings from the 2017 youth risk behavior surveillance system". Psychiatry Research. Elsevier. 281 (112586): 112586. doi: ...
... in the Metropolitan Detroit Cancer Surveillance System". Journal of Clinical Oncology. 22 (14): 2865-72. doi:10.1200/jco. ... Lung cancer, breast cancer and melanoma patients were found to be at the highest risk of developing brain metastases. However, ... However, brain metastases should be considered in any cancer patient who presents with neurological or behavioral changes. ... Prognostic factors and survival in 309 patients with regard to patient age". Journal of Clinical Neuroscience. 18 (1): 34-8. ...
... CDC will sponsor the 10th annual Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance ... Additional information is available from CDCs Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Branch, Office of Surveillance and Analysis ... This years theme is Broadening the Perspective of BRFS. Sessions will cover the use of behavioral risk factor data, the ... and using behavioral risk factor data are invited to attend. There is no registration fee. ...
... The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data for health assessment ... Selected Metropolitan/Micropolitan Area Risk Trends (SMART) Asthma Prevalance per BRFSS BRFSS Web Enabled Analysis Tool ... and health risk indicators are available at the following sites: BRFSS Home BRFSS Data Trends ...
... 0-9. A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L ... Second generation surveillance surveys of HIV, other STIs and risk behaviours in 6 [‎six]‎ Pacific Island countries  ...
... ... 2014). Awareness of Kidney Disease among US Adults: Findings from the 2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. 39(4). ... "Awareness of Kidney Disease among US Adults: Findings from the 2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System" vol. 39, no. 4 ... "Awareness of Kidney Disease among US Adults: Findings from the 2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System" 39, no. 4 (2014 ...
Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2013-2015, and Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, 2013-2014 Cite ... Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2013-2015, and Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, 2013-2014. 67(1). ... Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2013-2015, and Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, 2013-2014" 67, no. 1 ( ... Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2013-2015, and Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, 2013-2014" vol. 67, no ...
Query Results for Hawaiis Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) Data - Cancer - family history. Query Result Page ... Citation: Hawaii State Department of Health, Hawaii Health Data Warehouse, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. [ ... Your username is your user ID that was provided to you by the systems user administrator. If you are having problems accessing ... The data and information provided through the Query System are intended to support any individuals or entities engaged in ...
Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, The Utah Department of Health and Human Services Division of Data, Systems, and ... Query Builder for Utahs Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) Combined Landline and Cell Query Module - General ... Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS). *Utah Prevention Needs Assessment (PNA) - Student Health and Risk ... Step 1: Filter to At-risk versus not At-risk. ( General Health Status: Fair / Poor ) *. Fair / Poor. ...
Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is the largest ... Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), 2016-2020 This chart shows the prevalence among workers of having no health ... Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), 2016-2020 These charts show the prevalence among workers of ever being ... Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), 2016-2020 These charts show the prevalence among workers of the following ...
Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is the nations ... Relevance: The DHDS is based on the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) annual state-based survey (described ... Waves I and II focused on factors that may influence adolescents health and risk behaviors. Wave III focused on experiences ... Examination of the epidemiology of presbycusis in relation to biomedical risk factors with the goal of determining the relative ...
Refusal Rates to Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Items in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2014-2019. ... item refusal in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). Methods. We used annual data from 7 US states that ... Refusal Rates to Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Items in the Behavioral Risk Facto ... Our results indicate acceptance of SOGI measurement and empirically support continuation of SOGI in health surveillance surveys ...
United States Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) - CDC. United States Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance ... The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is a system of telephone surveys that collect data about US residents ... Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). United States Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System 2017. Atlanta, ... Lifestyle risk factors, Limited mobility, Liver cancer, Marital status, Medical tests, Medicines, Melanoma, Mental and ...
Results of search for su:{Behavioral risk factor surveillance system} Refine your search. *. Availability. * Limit to ... Initiating second generation HIV surveillance systems : practical guidelines. by Garcia Calleja, Jesus M , Pervilhac, Cyril , ... Initiating second generation HIV surveillance systems : practical guidelines..Availability: Items available for loan: WHO HQ (2 ... Mise en place de systèmes de surveillance de deuxième génération du VIH : directives pratiques. by Garcia Calleja, Jesus M , ...
Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS): A system of telephone surveys about health care, health risks, chronic ... 3. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 5 May 2023, www.cdc.gov/ ... The risk factors that impact health, including social and economic factors, such as income and education; physical factors like ... Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS): From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) which monitors six ...
Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Section Navigation CDC Home *Facebook. *Twitter. *LinkedIn ...
CDC Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS); Youth Tobacco Surveys (YTS); Youth Risk Behavior Surveys (YRBS); ... Maryland Asthma Control Program, Maryland Asthma Surveillance Report (MASR) (Bankowski et al., 2011); ... population using data on health encounters in 2009 within the state of Maryland from the 2011 Maryland Asthma Surveillance ...
Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. [cited 2006 Dec 8]. Available from http://www.cdc.gov/brfss/index.htm ... Factors independently associated with proper donning were as follows: ever having used a mask or respirator (odds ratio [OR] ... Using geographic information system mapping software, we randomly selected homes in Orleans Parish (city of New Orleans). To ... We included significant factors (p,0.05) in multiple logistic regression models, applying stepwise logistic regression. We used ...
Data Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), 2015. CI, Confidence interval ... Data, Statistics, and Surveillanceplus icon *Data Visualizations. *Most Recent Asthma Dataplus icon *Most Recent National ... Asthma Surveillance Dataplus icon *NHIS Asthma Prevalence Dataplus icon *2021 Data ...
Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey (BRFSS). The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is an ongoing ... Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data ... Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey Data, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease ... Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, Epidemiology and Response Division, New Mexico Department of Health, Injury and ...
Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) 2011, 2012. Creators. Alhalel, Nathan ... using 2011-2012 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). The study compares ACEs prevalence and adult self-reported ... Experiences-in-the-Hispanic-Community-by-Questionnaire-Language-Preference-Behavioral-Risk-Factor-Surveillance-System.pdf ... Experiences-in-the-Hispanic-Community-by-Questionnaire-Language-Preference-Behavioral-Risk-Factor-Surveillance-System.pdf ...
Participants: Participants ages 5 to 19 years were recruited from large pediatric healthcare systems, Federally Qualified ... risk factors, and SARS-CoV-2 serostatus by variant time period in a large community-based pediatric sample. Design: Data were ... Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Available online: https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/data-source/behavioral-risk- ... and Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System questionnaires [19]. US Census race/ethnicity questions were also replicated [20 ...
Small Grants for Behavioral Research in Cancer Control (R03) PAR-12-035. NCI ... the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS; http://www.cdc.gov/brfss), conducted by the Centers for Disease Control ... behavioral risk factors for second cancers and other chronic diseases, and interventions to reduce risk for iatrogenic ... B. Behavioral Genetics. * Genetic determinates of cancer risk factor reduction related health behaviors (e.g. diet, satiety, ...
For example, each state conducts the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey. Although there are standardized core ... such as the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, which may have data pertinent to the desired analyses. Another approach ... These factors include the target population for the survey. For example, is it working aged adults or does it also include ... That larger context has significant implications for a number of factors that can influence how the domains of interest are ...
Consumption of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Among US Adults in 6 States: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2011. ... Consumption of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Among US Adults in 6 States: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2011. Prev ...
Overview of the behavioral risk factor surveillance system, 1997 survey data. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/brfss/ ... available from residents of every state and the District of Columbia from the 1997 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System ( ... on alcohol impaired driving from residents of each state was obtained from the 1997 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System ... Design, characteristics, and usefulness of state-based behavioral risk factor surveillance: 1981-1987. Public Health Rep1988; ...
  • CDC will sponsor the 10th annual Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) Conference June 7-9, 1993, in Atlanta. (cdc.gov)
  • Sessions will cover the use of behavioral risk factor data, the analysis of data, an update on computer-assisted telephone interviewing systems, and the recommendations to be adopted from an evaluation of the BRFSS. (cdc.gov)
  • The BRFSS collects uniform, state-specific data on preventive health practices and risk behaviors that are linked to chronic diseases, injuries, and preventable infectious diseases in the adult population. (utah.gov)
  • The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is the largest continuously conducted health survey system in the world, conducting telephone interviews with more than 400,000 U.S. adults each year. (cdc.gov)
  • To explore trends in sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) item refusal in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System ( BRFSS ). (bvsalud.org)
  • The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is a system of telephone surveys that collect data about US residents regarding health-related risk behaviors, chronic health conditions, and use of preventive services. (healthdata.org)
  • Objective: The study analyzes the prevalence of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) in the Hispanic population of nine states, using 2011-2012 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). (northwestern.edu)
  • Information on alcohol impaired driving from residents of each state was obtained from the 1997 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey. (bmj.com)
  • Researchers and community partners in New Bedford, Massachusetts (USA) collaboratively identified high-priority behaviors and health outcomes of interest available in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). (nih.gov)
  • We developed multivariable regression models from the BRFSS explaining variability in exercise, fruit and vegetable consumption, body mass index, and diabetes prevalence as a function of demographic and behavioral characteristics, and linked these models with population microdata developed using spatial microsimulation to characterize high-risk populations and locations. (nih.gov)
  • The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey (BRFSS) and Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) look at health indicators across the age spectrum. (healthvermont.gov)
  • Vermont tracks adult health-related risk behaviors, chronic health conditions, and use of preventive services using the BRFSS. (healthvermont.gov)
  • The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey collects data on chronic disease and related health behaviors of adults in North Carolina. (countyhealthrankings.org)
  • Title : Use of Selected Recommended Clinical Preventive Services - Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, United States, 2018: Supplementary Figure Corporate Authors(s) : Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) Published Date : 04/02/2021 Series : MMWR. (cdc.gov)
  • All 50 states, the District of Columbia, and several U.S. territories collaborate with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to collect information on health conditions and risk factors from the non-institutionalized adult population. (cdc.gov)
  • A system of telephone surveys about health care, health risks, chronic conditions, and use of preventive services from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), an operating division of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). (nih.gov)
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, (2017) Disability and Health Data System. (desertdingo.com)
  • To determine which cities were the most obese, we looked at 2006 data on body mass index, or BMI, collected by the Centers for Disease Control's Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, which conducts phone interviews with residents of metropolitan areas about health issues including obesity, diabetes and exercise. (forbes.com)
  • Proposed research projects would include pilot or feasibility studies, secondary analyses of existing data, and meta-analyses particularly in the areas of: (1) basic biobehavioral and psychological services, (2) behavioral genetics, (3) cancer survivorship and bereavement, (4) health behaviors, (5) health communication and informatics, (6) health disparities, (7) processes of cancer care including delivery and utilization, and (8) tobacco control. (nih.gov)
  • YRBS monitors health risk behaviors that contribute to the leading causes of death, disease, injury and social problems among youth. (healthvermont.gov)
  • So people adopt high-risk health behaviors" as they get older, she said. (adn.com)
  • In fact, she said, the researchers found that ACE score was a better predictor of heart disease than all of the other circumstances and behaviors that are generally considered risk factors. (adn.com)
  • As of November 22, 2017, the IBIS system has been updated to use an algorithm which uses both ZIP and county information to designate Local Health District (LHD) and Utah Small Area. (utah.gov)
  • Title : Awareness of Kidney Disease among US Adults: Findings from the 2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Personal Author(s) : Li, Chaoyang;Wen, Xiao-Jun;Pavkov, Meda E.;Zhao, Guixiang;Balluz, Lina S.;Ford, Earl S.;Williams, Desmond;Gotway, Carol A. (cdc.gov)
  • Health-Related Quality of Life among Adults with Multiple Chronic Conditions in the United States, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2007. (americashealthrankings.org)
  • E-cigarette use among adults may potentially reduce the health risks associated with conventional cigarette smoking if users switch completely to e-cigarettes. (cancer.gov)
  • However, a large percentage of U.S. adults who use e-cigarettes also smoke conventional cigarettes and are at continued risk for exposure to their toxic and carcinogenic compounds, and subsequent smoking-related morbidity and mortality. (cancer.gov)
  • Self-reported health status, behavioral risk factors and chronic conditions were dichotomized into adverse adult health outcomes and compared across four categories of ACEs score (0, 1, 2-3, 4+). (northwestern.edu)
  • Strategies to reduce the prevalence of frequent physical distress include reducing the risk of developing chronic conditions such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, obesity and arthritis. (americashealthrankings.org)
  • A system of searchable databases with access to a wide array of public health indicators, including measures of chronic and communicable disease, environmental health, disease and injury prevention, and occupational health. (nih.gov)
  • This funding opportunity announcement (FOA), issued by the NCI, invites investigator-initiated Small Research Grant (R03) applications for research projects that can be carried out in a short period of time with limited resources in behavioral research in cancer prevention and control. (nih.gov)
  • Eighteen speakers representing varied disciplines presented testimony to the Panel on these issues and offered specific recommendations for measures needed to extend reductions in cancer mortality to broader segments of the population, for improving data collection on specific populations to support intervention planning and surveillance of the cancer problem, and for needed research and funding in a variety of areas. (nih.gov)
  • 21, 1997, will examine the responsiveness of the health care system to the needs of special populations. (nih.gov)
  • Gum disease and tooth loss are also linked to cigar smoking, and people who smoke cigars heavily or inhale deeply may further be at increased risk of developing coronary heart disease. (cancer.gov)
  • Epidemiologic Trends and Risk Factors Associated with the Decline in Mortality from Coronary Heart Disease in the United States, 1990-2019. (amedeo.com)
  • Questions cover behavioral risk factors (e.g., alcohol and tobacco use), preventive health measures, health status, limitation of activity, and health care access and utilization. (cdc.gov)
  • The Communicable Disease Branch includes routine surveillance and quality assurance of disease reporting by physicians, hospitals, and laboratories. (countyhealthrankings.org)
  • Refusal Rates to Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Items in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2014-2019. (bvsalud.org)
  • eastern North Carolina after Hurricane Floyd, 1999) ( 4 ), and for settings that pose a risk for airborne transmission of infection, such as during the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic (for select patients at risk of acquiring the infection and for persons visiting patients with SARS) ( 5 - 7 ). (cdc.gov)
  • It is the largest continuously conducted health survey system in the world. (nih.gov)
  • These factors include the target population for the survey. (nih.gov)
  • America's Health Rankings analysis of CDC, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, United Health Foundation, AmericasHealthRankings.org, accessed 2023. (americashealthrankings.org)
  • This FOA is designed to enhance basic and applied behavioral sciences research in the context of cancer control, with a secondary goal of attracting new investigators to the field from a variety of biomedical, behavioral and public health disciplines. (nih.gov)
  • That larger context has significant implications for a number of factors that can influence how the domains of interest are measured. (nih.gov)
  • The model below shows health factor conditions which lead to health outcomes. (nm.gov)
  • Smokeless tobacco also causes serious oral health problems, including gum disease, other non-cancerous oral lesions, and tooth loss, and increases the risk of heart disease. (cancer.gov)
  • Our results indicate acceptance of SOGI measurement and empirically support continuation of SOGI in health surveillance surveys. (bvsalud.org)
  • Investigators new to the field of behavioral cancer control research, including early-stage and established investigators looking to refocus or apply their expertise to cancer control, are encouraged to apply for this small grants announcement. (nih.gov)
  • What is undeniable from two decades of scientific research: There is a strong, clear connection between childhood trauma and increased risk of serious and even life-threatening disease in adulthood. (adn.com)
  • Smoking cigars heavily also increases the risk for lung diseases, such as emphysema and chronic bronchitis, which can be risk factors for lung cancer. (cancer.gov)
  • In fact, abuse, neglect and other "adverse childhood experiences," or ACEs as they are known, are directly correlated with dramatically increased risk later in life of diseases ranging from migraines and autoimmune disorders to heart disease, lung disease and cancer. (adn.com)
  • Some health factors, such as race and age, cannot be modified but are included in the model because they play a role in individual and population health outcomes. (nm.gov)
  • Our models in combination with the simulated population microdata identified census tracts with an elevated percentage of high-risk subpopulations, information community partners can use to prioritize funding and intervention programs. (nih.gov)
  • You would think this would be a relatively low-risk population," Baldwin-Johnson said. (adn.com)
  • SPONSORED: Could things you experienced in your youth put you at increased risk for serious, even fatal, diseases? (adn.com)
  • Community-Engaged Modeling of Geographic and Demographic Patterns of Multiple Public Health Risk Factors. (nih.gov)
  • Initiating second generation HIV surveillance systems : practical guidelines. (who.int)
  • One of the roles of public health practitioners is to work with individuals and communities to improve modifiable health factors so that health outcomes will improve. (nm.gov)
  • Felitti partnered with CDC epidemiologist Dr. Robert Anda, who had an interest in public health and experiential risk factors. (adn.com)
  • The state must beef up its behavioral health workforce. (addictions.com)
  • Contemporary Use of Cardiovascular Risk Reduction Strategies in Type 2 Diabetes. (amedeo.com)
  • By establishing AudGenDB, researchers and clinicians can more effectively address how underlying genetic and environmental factors influence the effectiveness and outcome of patient-directed therapies and interventions. (nih.gov)
  • The aim is to facilitate effective identification of pediatric patients at high risk for congenital or late onset hearing loss, based on direct assessment of the audiologic and otologic features of children with all forms of hearing loss, and characterization of the genetic basis for hearing loss. (nih.gov)
  • Regardless of a participant's other risk factors (or lack thereof), a high ACE score translated to a significantly higher likelihood of disease and health problems. (adn.com)
  • There are 380 Ohio residents in need of treatment for every one provider, according to the Ohio Council of Behavioral Health. (addictions.com)
  • Drinking and driving behavior is shaped not only by individual choice but also by environmental level influences including legal, political, economic, and social factors. (bmj.com)
  • Outcomes in patients with cardiometabolic disease who develop hyperkalemia while treated with a renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitor. (amedeo.com)