AnatomyOrganismsChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureHumanitiesInformation ScienceHealth CareGeographicals
BeesBee VenomsHoneyBeekeepingVarroidaePollinationColony CollapseNosemaPollenHierarchy, SocialFlight, AnimalPlant NectarAcaricidesPropolisNesting BehaviorHoming BehaviorAnimal CommunicationSocial BehaviorColoradoPaintingsAustriaDelivery, ObstetricSilicatesHome ChildbirthSchoolsEncyclopedias as TopicColubridaeSchool NursingHistory, 19th CenturySchools, MedicalBloggingBirdsDehumanizationPasseriformesAnimal MigrationFlowersGrooming
Bees: Insect members of the superfamily Apoidea, found almost everywhere, particularly on flowers. About 3500 species occur in North America. They differ from most WASPS in that their young are fed honey and pollen rather than animal food.Bee Venoms: Venoms obtained from Apis mellifera (honey bee) and related species. They contain various enzymes, polypeptide toxins, and other substances, some of which are allergenic or immunogenic or both. These venoms were formerly used in rheumatism to stimulate the pituitary-adrenal system.Honey: A sweet viscous liquid food, produced in the honey sacs of various bees from nectar collected from flowers. The nectar is ripened into honey by inversion of its sucrose sugar into fructose and glucose. It is somewhat acidic and has mild antiseptic properties, being sometimes used in the treatment of burns and lacerations.Beekeeping: The management and maintenance of colonies of honeybees.Varroidae: A family of MITES in the subclass ACARI. It includes the single genus Varroa.Pollination: The transfer of POLLEN grains (male gametes) to the plant ovule (female gamete).Colony Collapse: The sudden collapse and disappearance or diminution of a colony of organisms.Nosema: A genus of parasitic FUNGI in the family Nosematidae. Some species are pathogenic for invertebrates of economic importance while others are being researched for possible roles in controlling pest INSECTS. They are also pathogenic in humans.Pollen: The fertilizing element of plants that contains the male GAMETOPHYTES.Hierarchy, Social: Social rank-order established by certain behavioral patterns.Flight, Animal: The use of wings or wing-like appendages to remain aloft and move through the air.Plant Nectar: Sugar-rich liquid produced in plant glands called nectaries. It is either produced in flowers or other plant structures, providing a source of attraction for pollinating insects and animals, as well as being a nutrient source to animal mutualists which provide protection of plants against herbivores.Acaricides: A pesticide or chemical agent that kills mites and ticks. This is a large class that includes carbamates, formamides, organochlorines, organophosphates, etc, that act as antibiotics or growth regulators.Propolis: A resinous substance obtained from beehives that is used traditionally as an antimicrobial. It is a heterogeneous mixture of many substances.Nesting Behavior: Animal behavior associated with the nest; includes construction, effects of size and material; behavior of the adult during the nesting period and the effect of the nest on the behavior of the young.Homing Behavior: Instinctual patterns of activity related to a specific area including ability of certain animals to return to a given place when displaced from it, often over great distances using navigational clues such as those used in migration (ANIMAL MIGRATION).Animal Communication: Communication between animals involving the giving off by one individual of some chemical or physical signal, that, on being received by another, influences its behavior.Social Behavior: Any behavior caused by or affecting another individual, usually of the same species.ColoradoPaintingsAustriaDelivery, Obstetric: Delivery of the FETUS and PLACENTA under the care of an obstetrician or a health worker. Obstetric deliveries may involve physical, psychological, medical, or surgical interventions.Silicates: The generic term for salts derived from silica or the silicic acids. They contain silicon, oxygen, and one or more metals, and may contain hydrogen. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th Ed)Home Childbirth: Childbirth taking place in the home.Schools: Educational institutions.Encyclopedias as Topic: Works containing information articles on subjects in every field of knowledge, usually arranged in alphabetical order, or a similar work limited to a special field or subject. (From The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)Colubridae: The largest family of snakes, comprising five subfamilies: Colubrinae, Natricinae, Homalopsinae, Lycodontinae, and Xenodontinae. They show a great diversity of eating habits, some eating almost anything, others having a specialized diet. They can be oviparous, ovoviviparous, or viviparous. The majority of North American snakes are colubrines. Among the colubrids are king snakes, water moccasins, water snakes, and garter snakes. Some genera are poisonous. (Goin, Goin, and Zug, Introduction to Herpetology, 3d ed, pp321-29)School Nursing: A nursing specialty concerned with health and nursing care given to primary and secondary school students by a registered nurse.History, 19th Century: Time period from 1801 through 1900 of the common era.Schools, Medical: Educational institutions for individuals specializing in the field of medicine.Blogging: Using an INTERNET based personal journal which may consist of reflections, comments, and often hyperlinks.Birds: Warm-blooded VERTEBRATES possessing FEATHERS and belonging to the class Aves.Dehumanization: The process by which a person or group of persons comes to be regarded or treated as lacking in human qualities.Passeriformes: A widely distributed order of perching BIRDS, including more than half of all bird species.Animal Migration: Periodic movements of animals in response to seasonal changes or reproductive instinct. Hormonal changes are the trigger in at least some animals. Most migrations are made for reasons of climatic change, feeding, or breeding.Flowers: The reproductive organs of plants.Grooming: An animal's cleaning and caring for the body surface. This includes preening, the cleaning and oiling of feathers with the bill or of hair with the tongue.

Differential expression of mitochondrial genes between queens and workers during caste determination in the honeybee Apis mellifera. (1/1920)

The nourishment received by female honeybee larvae determines their differentiation into queens or workers. In this study, we report the first molecular analysis of differences that occur between queens and workers during the caste-determination process. RNA-differential display experiments identified a clone that encodes for a gene that is homologous to the nuclear-encoded mitochondrial translation initiation factor (AmIF-2mt). Semi-quantitative analysis by reverse transcriptase/polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) throughout honeybee development detected a higher level of expression of this gene in queen larvae than in worker larvae. Analysis of two other genes encoding mitochondrial proteins, cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COX-1; mitochondrial-encoded) and cytochrome c (cyt c; nuclear-encoded) also showed differential expression of these two genes between queens and workers. In particular, the cyt c transcript is more abundant in queen larvae and throughout the metamorphosis of the queen. These results indicate that the higher respiratory rate previously documented in queen larvae is accomplished through a higher level of expression of both nuclear- and mitochondrial-encoded genes for mitochondrial proteins.  (+info)

IA in Kenyon cells of the mushroom body of honeybees resembles shaker currents: kinetics, modulation by K+, and simulation. (2/1920)

Cultured Kenyon cells from the mushroom body of the honeybee, Apis mellifera, show a voltage-gated, fast transient K+ current that is sensitive to 4-aminopyridine, an A current. The kinetic properties of this A current and its modulation by extracellular K+ ions were investigated in vitro with the whole cell patch-clamp technique. The A current was isolated from other voltage-gated currents either pharmacologically or with suitable voltage-clamp protocols. Hodgkin- and Huxley-style mathematical equations were used for the description of this current and for the simulation of action potentials in a Kenyon cell model. Activation and inactivation of the A current are fast and voltage dependent with time constants of 0.4 +/- 0.1 ms (means +/- SE) at +45 mV and 3.0 +/- 1.6 ms at +45 mV, respectively. The pronounced voltage dependence of the inactivation kinetics indicates that at least a part of this current of the honeybee Kenyon cells is a shaker-like current. Deactivation and recovery from inactivation also show voltage dependency. The time constant of deactivation has a value of 0.4 +/- 0.1 ms at -75 mV. Recovery from inactivation needs a double-exponential function to be fitted adequately; the resulting time constants are 18 +/- 3.1 ms for the fast and 745 +/- 107 ms for the slow process at -75 mV. Half-maximal activation of the A current occurs at -0.7 +/- 2.9 mV, and half-maximal inactivation occurs at -54.7 +/- 2.4 mV. An increase in the extracellular K+ concentration increases the conductance and accelerates the recovery from inactivation of the A current, affecting the slow but not the fast time constant. With respect to these modulations the current under investigation resembles some of the shaker-like currents. The data of the A current were incorporated into a reduced computational model of the voltage-gated currents of Kenyon cells. In addition, the model contained a delayed rectifier K+ current, a Na+ current, and a leakage current. The model is able to generate an action potential on current injection. The model predicts that the A current causes repolarization of the action potential but not a delay in the initiation of the action potential. It further predicts that the activation of the delayed rectifier K+ current is too slow to contribute markedly to repolarization during a single action potential. Because of its fast activation, the A current reduces the amplitude of the net depolarizing current and thus reduces the peak amplitude and the duration of the action potential.  (+info)

Biological activities of C-terminal 15-residue synthetic fragment of melittin: design of an analog with improved antibacterial activity. (3/1920)

Melittin, the 26-residue predominant toxic peptide from bee venom, exhibits potent antibacterial activity in addition to its hemolytic activity. The synthetic peptide of 15 residues corresponding to its C-terminal end (MCF), which encompasses its most amphiphilic segment, is now being shown to possess antibacterial activity about 5-7 times less compared to that of melittin. MCF, however, is 300 times less hemolytic. An analog of MCF, MCFA, in which two cationic residues have been transpositioned to the N-terminal region from the C-terminal region, exhibits antibacterial activity comparable to that of melittin, but is only marginally more hemolytic than MCF. The biophysical properties of the peptides, like folding and aggregation, correlate well with their biological properties.  (+info)

A PCR detection method for rapid identification of Paenibacillus larvae. (4/1920)

American foulbrood is a disease of larval honeybees (Apis mellifera) caused by the bacterium Paenibacillus larvae. Over the years attempts have been made to develop a selective medium for the detection of P. larvae spores from honey samples. The most successful of these is a semiselective medium containing nalidixic acid and pipermedic acid. Although this medium allows the growth of P. larvae and prevents the growth of most other bacterial species, the false-positive colonies that grow on it prevent the rapid confirmation of the presence of P. larvae. Here we describe a PCR detection method which can be used on the colonies that grow on this semiselective medium and thereby allows the rapid confirmation of the presence of P. larvae. The PCR primers were designed on the basis of the 16S rRNA gene of P. larvae and selectively amplify a 973-bp amplicon. The PCR amplicon was confirmed as originating from P. larvae by sequencing in both directions. Detection was specific for P. larvae, and the primers did not hybridize with DNA from closely related bacterial species.  (+info)

Differential gene expression between developing queens and workers in the honey bee, Apis mellifera. (5/1920)

Many insects show polyphenisms, or alternative morphologies, which are based on differential gene expression rather than genetic polymorphism. Queens and workers are alternative forms of the adult female honey bee and represent one of the best known examples of insect polyphenism. Hormonal regulation of caste determination in honey bees has been studied in detail, but little is known about the proximate molecular mechanisms underlying this process, or any other such polyphenism. We report the success of a molecular-genetic approach for studying queen- and worker-specific gene expression in the development of the honey bee (Apis mellifera). Numerous genes appear to be differentially expressed between the two castes. Seven differentially expressed loci described here belong to at least five distinctly different evolutionary and functional groups. Two are particularly promising as potential regulators of caste differentiation. One is homologous to a widespread class of proteins that bind lipids and other hydrophobic ligands, including retinoic acid. The second locus shows sequence similarity to a DNA-binding domain in the Ets family of transcription factors. The remaining loci appear to be involved with downstream changes inherent to queen- or worker-specific developmental pathways. Caste determination in honey bees is typically thought of as primarily queen determination; our results make it clear that the process involves specific activation of genes in workers as well as in queens.  (+info)

The role of orientation flights on homing performance in honeybees. (6/1920)

Honeybees have long served as a model organism for investigating insect navigation. Bees, like many other nesting animals, primarily use learned visual features of the environment to guide their movement between the nest and foraging sites. Although much is known about the spatial information encoded in memory by experienced bees, the development of large-scale spatial memory in naive bees is not clearly understood. Past studies suggest that learning occurs during orientation flights taken before the start of foraging. We investigated what honeybees learn during their initial experience in a new landscape by examining the homing of bees displaced after a single orientation flight lasting only 5-10 min. Homing ability was assessed using vanishing bearings and homing speed. At release sites with a view of the landmarks immediately surrounding the hive, 'first-flight' bees, tested after their very first orientation flight, had faster homing rates than 'reorienting foragers', which had previous experience in a different site prior to their orientation flight in the test landscape. First-flight bees also had faster homing rates from these sites than did 'resident' bees with full experience of the terrain. At distant sites, resident bees returned to the hive more rapidly than reorienting or first-flight bees; however, in some cases, the reorienting bees were as successful as the resident bees. Vanishing bearings indicated that all three types of bees were oriented homewards when in the vicinity of landmarks near the hive. When bees were released out of sight of these landmarks, hence forcing them to rely on a route memory, the 'first-flight' bees were confused, the 'reorienting' bees chose the homeward direction except at the most distant site and the 'resident' bees were consistently oriented homewards.  (+info)

Update on the status of Africanized honey bees in the western states. (7/1920)

The Africanized honey bee (AHB), Apis mellifera scutella--perhaps better known as the "killer bee"--has arrived in the western United States and in southern California, following a nearly 50-year north-ward migration across South and Central America. First detected near Hidalgo, Texas in October 1993, the bees continue to advance 100 to 300 miles per year by colonizing existing hives or forming new hives in the wild. Although the AHB's "killer" reputation has been greatly exaggerated, the presence of AHBs will increase the chances of people being stung.  (+info)

Mass envenomations by honey bees and wasps. (8/1920)

Stinging events involving honey bees and wasps are rare; most deaths or clinically important incidents involve very few stings (< 10) and anaphylactic shock. However, mass stinging events can prove life-threatening via the toxic action of the venom when injected in large amounts. With the advent of the Africanized honey bee in the southwestern United States and its potential for further spread, mass envenomation incidents will increase. Here we review the literature on mass stinging events involving honey bees and wasps (i.e., yellowjackets, wasps, and hornets). Despite different venom composition in the two insect groups, both may cause systemic damage and involve hemolysis, rhabdomyolysis, and acute renal failure. Victim death may occur due to renal failure or cardiac complications. With supportive care, however, most victims should be able to survive attacks from hundreds of wasps or approximately 1000 honey bees.  (+info)

The role of resistance to varroa destructor and deformed wing virus in the European honey bee (apis mellifera) - University of...The role of resistance to varroa destructor and deformed wing virus in the European honey bee (apis mellifera) - University of...
The European honey bee (Apis mellifera) is of global importance as a pollinator. Over the past 30 years an increase in colonies lost during winter has occurred, particularly in the northern hemisphere. These losses are attributed to the ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor that acts as a vector of RNA viruses, most notably Deformed wing virus (DWV). Three master variants of the DWV have been discovered; Type-A, B, and C. The increase in overwinter colony losses are closely linked to DWV. At the same time DWV may also offer protection to colonies via superinfection exclusion (SIE), which may be linked to Varroa-tolerant colonies. However, the role of each DWV variant in colony survivorship and mite-tolerance is limited, so the main thrust of the thesis is to address this issue ...
Differential gene expression in Varroa jacobsoni mites following a host shift to European honey bees (Apis mellifera) | BMC...Differential gene expression in Varroa jacobsoni mites following a host shift to European honey bees (Apis mellifera) | BMC...
Honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) are the most important insect for pollination of crops and wildflowers [1-3], but they have experienced increasing colony die-offs during the past two decades [4-6]. Varroa destructor is widely considered the most serious risk factor for honey bee colony mortality worldwide [7-10]. These large ectoparasitic mites are associated with a condition known as parasitic mite syndrome (PMS), or "Varroosis". In colonies exhibiting PMS or "Varroosis", pathogens, including brood diseases and viruses, are present at unusually high levels [11-13]. Varroa mites feed on the hemolymph of the larva, pupa and adults, and the open wounds caused by mite feeding can allow microorganisms to enter and weaken the host [14]; Mites themselves are vectors for viruses and perhaps other bee pathogens [13]. The Varroa mites life cycle consists of two phases, the phoretic phase, during which the adult female mite lives, feeds, and disperses on the adult bee, and the reproductive phase in which ...
Honey bee (Apis mellifera) nurses do not consume pollens based on their nutritional qHoney bee (Apis mellifera) nurses do not consume pollens based on their nutritional q
... uality Honey bee workers (Apis mellifera) consume a variety of pollens to meet the majority of their requirements for protein and lipids. Recent work indicates that honey bees prefer diets that reflect the proper ratio of nutrients necessary for optimal survival and homeostasis. This idea relies on the precept that honey bees evaluate the nutritional composition of the foods provided to them. While this has
Exotic bees - Department of AgricultureExotic bees - Department of Agriculture
Everyone needs to keep an eye out for exotic bees. Many exotic bees are hard to tell from European honey bees and they may also be carrying pests such as internal and external mites, so any evidence of bees entering Australia should be treated as a biosecurity risk.. Bees can arrive in imported goods, including vehicles and machinery, and the conveyances and containers they come in. There may be evidence of individual bees, whole swarms, or hives.. Asian honey bees (Apis cerana) originated in Indonesia, and are now established in northern Queensland around Cairns. They are smaller and less hairy than European honey bees, and their black and yellow stripes are more pronounced. They are a natural host for varroa mites, which may destroy European honey bee colonies. They are also a vector for other bee diseases and could compete with European honey bees for resources, threatening their populations. Asian honey bees are hard to manage for both honey production and pollination, and are not effective ...
Sublethal effects of imidacloprid on targeting muscle and ribosomal protein related genes in the honey bee Apis mellifera L. |...Sublethal effects of imidacloprid on targeting muscle and ribosomal protein related genes in the honey bee Apis mellifera L. |...
A sublethal concentration of imidacloprid can cause chronic toxicity in bees and can impact the behavior of honey bees. The nectar- and water-collecting, and climbing abilities of bees are crucial to the survival of the bees and the execution of responsibilities in bee colonies. Besides behavioral impact, data on the molecular mechanisms underlying the toxicity of imidacloprid, especially by the way of RNA-seq at the transcriptomic level, are limited. We treated Apis mellifera L. with sublethal concentrations of imidacloprid (0.1, 1 and 10 ppb) and determined the effect on behaviors and the transcriptomic changes. The sublethal concentrations of imidacloprid had a limited impact on the survival and syrup consumption of bees, but caused a significant increase in water consumption. Moreover, the climbing ability was significantly impaired by 10 ppb imidacloprid at 8 d. In the RNA-seq analysis, gene ontology (GO) term enrichment indicated a significant down-regulation of muscle-related genes, which might
Genome-wide analysis of genes related to ovary activation in worker honey bees<...Genome-wide analysis of genes related to ovary activation in worker honey bees<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Genome-wide analysis of genes related to ovary activation in worker honey bees. AU - Thompson, G. J.. AU - Kucharski, R.. AU - Maleszka, R.. AU - Oldroyd, B. P.. PY - 2008/11. Y1 - 2008/11. N2 - A defining characteristic of eusocial animals is their division of labour into reproductive and nonreproductive specialists. Here, we used a microarray study to identify genes associated with functional sterility in the worker honey bee Apis mellifera. We contrasted gene expression in workers from a functionally sterile wild‐type strain with that in a mutant (anarchist) strain selected for high rates of ovary activation. We identified a small set of genes from the brain (n = 7) and from the abdomen (n = 5) that are correlated in their expression with early stages of ovary activation. Sterile wild‐type workers up‐regulated two unknown genes and a homologue of Drosophila CG6004. By contrast, reproductive anarchist workers up‐regulated genes for the yolk protein vitellogenin, venom ...
Longevity extension of worker honey bees (Apis mellifera) by royal jelly: optimal dose and active ingredient [PeerJ]Longevity extension of worker honey bees (Apis mellifera) by royal jelly: optimal dose and active ingredient [PeerJ]
In the Western honey bee, Apis mellifera, queens and workers have different longevity although they share the same genome. Queens consume royal jelly (RJ) as the main food throughout their life, including as adults, but workers only eat worker jelly when they are larvae less than 3 days old. In order to explore the effect of RJ and the components affecting longevity of worker honey bees, we first determined the optimal dose for prolonging longevity of workers as 4% RJ in 50% sucrose solution, and developed a method of obtaining long lived workers. We then compared the effects of longevity extension by RJ 4% with bee-collected pollen from rapeseed (Brassica napus). Lastly, we determined that a water soluble RJ protein obtained by precipitation with 60% ammonium sulfate (RJP60) contained the main component for longevity extension after comparing the effects of RJ crude protein extract (RJCP), RJP30 (obtained by precipitation with 30% ammonium sulfate), and RJ ethanol extract (RJEE). Understanding what
Insects | Free Full-Text | Putative Drone Copulation Factors Regulating Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) Queen Reproduction and...Insects | Free Full-Text | Putative Drone Copulation Factors Regulating Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) Queen Reproduction and...
Honey bees are major pollinators of agricultural and non-agricultural landscapes. In recent years, honey bee colonies have exhibited high annual losses and commercial beekeepers frequently report poor queen quality and queen failure as the primary causes. Honey bee colonies are highly vulnerable to compromised queen fertility, as each hive is headed by one reproductive queen. Queens mate with multiple drones (male bees) during a single mating period early in life in which they obtain enough spermatozoa to fertilize their eggs for the rest of their reproductive life span. The process of mating initiates numerous behavioral, physiological, and molecular changes that shape the fertility of the queen and her influence on the colony. For example, receipt of drone semen can modulate queen ovary activation, pheromone production, and subsequent worker retinue behavior. In addition, seminal fluid is a major component of semen that is primarily derived from drone accessory glands. It also contains a complex
A comparison of deformed wing virus in deformed and asymptomatic honey bees - University of Salford Institutional RepositoryA comparison of deformed wing virus in deformed and asymptomatic honey bees - University of Salford Institutional Repository
Deformed wing virus (DWV) in association with Varroa destructor is currently attributed to being responsible for colony collapse in the western honey bee (Apis mellifera). The appearance of deformed individuals within an infested colony has long been associated with colony losses. However, it is unknown why only a fraction of DWV positive bees develop deformed wings. This study concerns two small studies comparing deformed and non-deformed bees. In Brazil, asymptomatic bees (no wing deformity) that had been parasitised by Varroa as pupae had higher DWV loads than non-parasitised bees. However, we found no greater bilateral asymmetry in wing morphology due to DWV titres or parasitisation. As expected, using RT-qPCR, deformed bees were found to contain the highest viral loads. In a separate study, next generation sequencing (NGS) was applied to compare the entire DWV genomes from paired symptomatic and asymptomatic bees from three colonies on two different Hawaiian islands. This revealed no ...
How to Kill Honey Bees - Best Way to Get Rid of Honey BeesHow to Kill Honey Bees - Best Way to Get Rid of Honey Bees
All honey bees live in colonies where the worker bees will sting intruders as a form of defense, and alarmed bees will release a pheromone that stimulates the attack response in other bees. The different species of honey bees are distinguished from all other bee species (and virtually all other Hymenoptera) by the possession of small barbs on the sting, but these barbs are found only in the worker bees. The sting and associated venom sac are also modified so as to pull free of the body once lodged (autotomy), and the sting apparatus has its own musculature and ganglion which allow it to keep delivering venom once detached. The worker bee dies after the stinger is torn from its body. As with other forms of life, warnings are given before an attack is launched. In the case of some honey bees species in the wild, this takes the form of a Mexican wave which spreads as a ripple across a layer of bees densely packed on the surface of a comb when a threat is perceived, and consists of bees ...
Honey and Bees - Oregon Agriculture in the ClassroomHoney and Bees - Oregon Agriculture in the Classroom
The life cycle of a honey bee is broken down into three different stages. The three stages are the larval, pupal and adult phases. The queen bee is the only egg laying bee in an entire hive. She can lay either fertilized or unfertilized eggs. Fertilized eggs become either worker bees or queen bees. Unfertilized eggs become drone bees. Eggs in the hive hatch 3 days after they were laid. Worker bees, drone bees and queen bees all have different jobs in the hive.. Worker bees hatch from a fertilized egg and are the female bees. After the female bees hatch, they spend around 6 days in the larval stage. In the larval stage, the bees are fed between 150-800 times per day by the adult worker bees. At this time, fat bodies are being built so that the bee has an adequate amount of storage for lipids, glycogen, amino acids and mitochondria for the bee during the pupal stage. After about 8 or 9 days, the cells with these larva are capped and the larva begin to grow. The pupal stage is the most important ...
Laying worker bee - WikipediaLaying worker bee - Wikipedia
A laying worker bee is a worker bee that lays unfertilized eggs usually in the absence of a queen bee (cf gamergates in ants). Only drones develop from the eggs of laying worker bees (with some exceptions, see thelytoky). A beehive cannot survive with only a laying worker bee. Even in a normal hive, about 1% of workers have ovaries developed enough to lay eggs. However the usual number of the laid eggs is very small. Only eight eggs (seven moderately and one fully developed) were found after examining of 10,634 worker bees (strong colony contains about 100,000). Workers eventually lay significant numbers of eggs only in queenless colonies. Laying workers develop in the absence of open brood as produced by a healthy adult queen. Normally, pheromones from the brood - known as brood recognition pheromones - prevent development of the workers ovaries. Laying workers can develop after the colonys queen has been lost to swarming, or in the presence of a failing queen which has yet to be superseded. ...
A selective sweep in a Varroa destructor resistant honeybee (Apis mellifera) populationA selective sweep in a Varroa destructor resistant honeybee (Apis mellifera) population
The mite Varroa destructor is one of the most dangerous parasites of the Western honeybee (Apis mellifera) causing enormous colony losses worldwide. Various chemical treatments for the control of the Varroa mite are currently in use, which, however, lead to residues in bee products and often to resistance in mites. This facilitated the exploration of alternative treatment methods and breeding for mite resistant honeybees has been in focus for breeders in many parts of the world with variable results. Another approach has been applied to a honeybee population on Gotland (Sweden) that was exposed to natural selection and survived Varroa-infestation for more than 10 years without treatment. Eventually this population became resistant to the parasite by suppressing the reproduction of the mite. A previous QTL mapping study had identified a region on chromosome 7 with major loci contributing to the mite resistance. Here, a microsatellite scan of the significant candidate QTL regions was used to ...
CATCH THE BUZZ - New findings about the honey bees deformed wing virus | Bee CultureCATCH THE BUZZ - New findings about the honey bee's deformed wing virus | Bee Culture
The honey bee Apis mellifera plays an important role for the pollination of fruit and vegetable plants, besides its significance for the production of honey and wax. Losses of entire bee colonies during winter have economic and - in particular - ecological consequences as pollinators are missing in spring during blossom. Apiculture in North America and Europe is especially affected by partly massive losses. Only during the winter months of 2014/2015, up to fifty per cent of all bee colonies in some Austrian regions collapsed.. The main trigger of this bee mortality does not seem to be the use of pesticides in modern agriculture. Many studies have shown that the survival of bee colonies strongly depends on the infestation with Varroa mites, widespread blood-sucking parasites, and the transmission of deformed wing virus by these mites. A research group from the Institute of Virology at the University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna has developed a new laboratory system, which enabled them to make ...
Resolution and sensitivity of the eyes of the Asian honeybees Apis florea, Apis cerana and Apis dorsata | Journal of...Resolution and sensitivity of the eyes of the Asian honeybees Apis florea, Apis cerana and Apis dorsata | Journal of...
The European honeybee, Apis mellifera, has been the object of considerable scientific curiosity and has served as the classical model organism in diverse fields such as behaviour, navigation, sensory biology, ecology and pollination biology for almost a century (Frisch, 1914; Frisch, 1927). Apis mellifera has eight congeners, all of which are Asian, and about which much less is known. Of the Asian honeybees, the cavity-nesting Apis cerana and the less well known species Apis koshevnikovi, Apis nigrocincta and Apis nuluensis are closely related to A. mellifera whereas the giant honeybees (Apis dorsata, Apis dorsata binghami and Apis laboriosa) and the dwarf honeybees (Apis florea and Apis andreniformis) form separate groups (Arias and Sheppard, 2005; Raffiudin and Crozier, 2007). Although A. mellifera is found in Africa, the Urals and Central Asia, it is allopatric to the south and south-east Asian species, many of which are sympatric in several tropical areas of Asia. For instance, in the ...
Localization of deformed wing virus (DWV) in the brains of the honeybee, Apis mellifera Linnaeus | Virology Journal | Full TextLocalization of deformed wing virus (DWV) in the brains of the honeybee, Apis mellifera Linnaeus | Virology Journal | Full Text
Deformed wing virus (DWV) is a positive-strand RNA virus that infects European honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) and has been isolated from the brains of aggressive bees in Japan. DWV is known to be transmitted both vertically and horizontally between bees in a colony and can lead to both symptomatic and asymptomatic infections in bees. In environmentally stressful conditions, DWV can contribute to the demise of a honeybee colony. The purpose of the current study is to identify regions within the brains of honeybees where DWV replicates using in-situ hybridization. In-situ hybridizations were conducted with both sense and antisense probes on the brains of honeybees that were positive for DWV as measured by real-time RT-PCR. The visual neuropils demonstrated detectable levels of the DWV positive-strand genome. The mushroom bodies and antenna lobe neuropils also showed the presence of the viral genome. Weaker staining with the sense probe in the same regions demonstrates that the antigenome is also present
Honey bee head, SEM - Stock Image C032/3783 - Science Photo LibraryHoney bee head, SEM - Stock Image C032/3783 - Science Photo Library
Coloured scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of Honey bee head (Apis mellifera). Wikipedia reference: The western honey bee or European honey bee (Apis mellifera) is a species of honey bee. It has a defined social caste system and complex communication behaviours, such as intricate dance routines to indicate food availability. It is frequently maintained by beekeepers for its honey product. This species is widely distributed and an important pollinator for agriculture, though it is currently threatened by colony collapse disorder. It is also an important organism for scientific studies on social insects, especially as it now has a fully sequenced genome. Magnification: x5 when shortest axis printed at 25 millimetres. - Stock Image C032/3783
List of Apis mellifera subspecies - WikipediaList of Apis mellifera subspecies - Wikipedia
Apis mellifera, the European honey bee, has many subspecies. Apis mellifera adami, classified by Ruttner, 1975 - Crete Apis mellifera carnica, classified by Pollmann, 1879 - Carniola region of Slovenia, the Eastern Alps, and northern Balkans - better known as the Carniolan honey bee - popular with beekeepers due to its extreme gentleness. The Carniolan tends to be quite dark in color, and the colonies are known to shrink to small populations over winter, and build very quickly in spring. It is a mountain bee in its native range, and is a good bee for colder climates. Apis mellifera cecropia, classified by Kiesenwetter, 1860 - Southern Greece Apis mellifera cypria, classified by Pollmann, 1879 - The island of Cyprus - This sub-species has the reputation of being very fierce compared to the Italian sub-species, from which it is isolated by the Mediterranean Sea Apis mellifera iberiensis (often misspelled as iberica), classified by Engel, 1999 - the bee from the Iberian peninsula (Spain and ...
Publication : USDA ARSPublication : USDA ARS
Citation: Schmid, M.R., Brockmann, A., Perk, C.W., Stanley, D.W., Tautz, J. 2008. Adult honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) abandon hemocytic, but not phenoloxidase-based immunity. Journal of Insect Physiology. 54:215-221. Interpretive Summary: Honey bee Colony Collapse Disorder is exerting tremendous impact on honey bee colonies. This is a devastating, yet poorly understood, crisis for commercial beekeepers and crop growers who depend on honey bees to pollinate their crops. The problem, however, may be related to an unknown disease or perhaps to impaired honey bee immunity to diseases. One approach to understanding the problem is to more thoroughly research honey bee immunology. With this goal, we are investigating the capacity for immunity in adult honey bees. In this paper we report on changes in honey bee blood cells, the cells that protect honey bees from infection. We show for the first time that adult queens, workers and drones naturally lose their hemocytes. This work with entirely healthy ...
Entropy | Free Full-Text | Optimal Multi-Level Thresholding Based on Maximum Tsallis Entropy via an Artificial Bee Colony...Entropy | Free Full-Text | Optimal Multi-Level Thresholding Based on Maximum Tsallis Entropy via an Artificial Bee Colony...
This paper proposes a global multi-level thresholding method for image segmentation. As a criterion for this, the traditional method uses the Shannon entropy, originated from information theory, considering the gray level image histogram as a probability distribution, while we applied the Tsallis entropy as a general information theory entropy formalism. For the algorithm, we used the artificial bee colony approach since execution of an exhaustive algorithm would be too time-consuming. The experiments demonstrate that: 1) the Tsallis entropy is superior to traditional maximum entropy thresholding, maximum between class variance thresholding, and minimum cross entropy thresholding; 2) the artificial bee colony is more rapid than either genetic algorithm or particle swarm optimization. Therefore, our approach is effective and rapid.
Facts Worth Knowing about Bees | HABA InternationalFacts Worth Knowing about Bees | HABA International
When it becomes warm again in spring and the first blossoms and bushes begin to bloom, the bees also begin to swarm. There is a lot to tell about bees that is worth knowing and is exciting and interesting.. Like ants and wasps, bees belong to the order of hymenoptera ("membrane-winged"). The bee family is divided into honeybees and bumblebees. It is especially interesting that bees live together in a large colony. There is a queen bee, and she is the only bee that lays eggs, from which the offspring are hatched. Besides a few males (the so-called drones), a bee colony consists primarily of female worker bees that have different tasks. During her life, a worker bee repeatedly takes on new tasks, depending on her age. At the beginning of her life, a bee looks after the honeycomb cells and prepares them for the queens eggs. She then becomes a nurse bee and feeds the larvae (= bee babies) with nectar. Later she can then produce wax with the glands on her posterior and build honeycombs. There are ...
Beehive must wake up to honey bee crisis | Bijensterfte, oorzaken en gevolgenBeehive must wake up to honey bee crisis | Bijensterfte, oorzaken en gevolgen
Unless we take decisive action to protect our bees, we could be faced with massive bee deaths, a horticultural industry in crisis, food shortages and escalating food prices.. The honey bee is indispensable to our horticulture, our ecology and our economy. Yet the honey bee is in crisis all around the world, with bee populations being decimated by a phenomenon known as Colony Collapse Disorder, where entire colonies of bees disappear.. In the US beekeepers have been experiencing annual losses ranging from 30 to 90% of their commercially managed hives for the past five years. And tens of thousands of bee colonies have been wiped out in Europe, Asia and the Middle East.. Similar losses in New Zealand would be disastrous for our horticultural industries that depend on bees for pollination, and so we need to take steps to protect our bees before it is too late. We cannot wait until bees are dying en masse before we act.. Colony Collapse Disorder hasnt been detected in New Zealand yet, but there have ...
Bumble Bee Disease & Reproduction Is Shaped by Flowering Strip PlantsBumble Bee Disease & Reproduction Is Shaped by Flowering Strip Plants
Flowering strips - pollinator-friendly rows of plants that increase foraging habitat for bees - can help offset pollinator decline but may also bring risks of higher pathogen infection rates for pollinators foraging in those strips.. Researchers from North Carolina State University and the University of Massachusetts Amherst show that flowering strip plants generally benefitted bee colony reproduction by adding floral resources for common eastern bumble bees (Bombus impatiens). The results came with a tradeoff, however, as bumble bees exposed to certain plants showed higher rates of infection by a bee pathogen acquired on flowers - Crithidia bombi, which is associated with reduced bee-foraging abilities as well as mortality in food-compromised bees.. The study showed that certain "high-infection" plants doubled C. bombi infection intensity when compared with "low-infection" plant species. Bees feeding mostly on canola plants - a major bee foraging plant and important U.S. crop - showed infection ...
A Quantitative Model of Honey Bee Colony Population Dynamics | Bijensterfte, oorzaken en gevolgenA Quantitative Model of Honey Bee Colony Population Dynamics | Bijensterfte, oorzaken en gevolgen
Since 2006 the rate of honey bee colony failure has increased significantly. As an aid to testing hypotheses for the causes of colony failure we have developed a compartment model of honey bee colony population dynamics to explore the impact of different death rates of forager bees on colony growth and development. The model predicts a critical threshold forager death rate beneath which colonies regulate a stable population size. If death rates are sustained higher than this threshold rapid population decline is predicted and colony failure is inevitable. The model also predicts that high forager death rates draw hive bees into the foraging population at much younger ages than normal, which acts to accelerate colony failure. The model suggests that colony failure can be understood in terms of observed principles of honey bee population dynamics, and provides a theoretical framework for experimental investigation of the problem.. Full paper:: David S. Khoury, Mary R. Myerscough and Andrew B. ...
Top 24 Types of Typical Insects (With Diagram) | Animal KingdomTop 24 Types of Typical Insects (With Diagram) | Animal Kingdom
Species of Honey bee are: (1) Apis mellifera - Italian bee, (2) Apis dorsata- Rock bee - largest, (3) Apis indica- Indian bee, (4) Apis florea- Little bee - smallest. Most common Indian honey bee in wild state is Apis indica, however in domestic state; the most common Indian honey bee is Apis mellifera (Italian honey bee). Honey bees are colonial, social and polymorphic insects. Unfertilized eggs develop into drones (males) by parthenogenesis. Fertilized eggs develop into queens or workers. Three types of individuals (castes) are found in the colony of honey bees: (i) Queen is a fertile female, (ii) Drones are males. Life span of a drone is 1-2 months, (iii) Workers are sterile females and perform various duties of the colony. The queens are fed by the workers. The abdomen contains the wax glands and the sting. The worker bees of a hive fall into three major castes: (a) Scavenger or Sanitary bees. For the first three days each worker bee acts a scaven-ger. (b) House or Nurse bees. From the ...
Honey Bee Life SpanHoney Bee Life Span
So, how long do honey bees live? Do beekeepers need to buy new bees every few months? Answer: Absolutely not! This is one of the great things about honey bees. Unlike other animals (cows, goats, sheep, etc.) which eventually die, the honey bee colony really never dies! Well almost never - in the winter, about 5% of colonies may expire. In the spring, the beekeeper simply catches swarms that leave the good, strong hives that survived the winter - free of charge! Good beekeepers can keep their bees alive for many years by simply catching those wayward swarms or splitting good hives to replace any losses. Effectively, a beekeeper may never spend money on bees or queens - once the bee business is established. You have to think of the honey bees colony - with its queen, drones, and workers - as a single living creature. On its own, a single bee (even a cluster of a hundred bees) is useless for producing honey or pollinating flowers. It takes the team work of the entire hive to make honey. This means ...
PLOS ONE: Iridovirus and Microsporidian Linked to Honey Bee Colony DeclinePLOS ONE: Iridovirus and Microsporidian Linked to Honey Bee Colony Decline
Background In 2010 Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD), again devastated honey bee colonies in the USA, indicating that the problem is neither diminishing nor has it been resolved. Many CCD investigations, using sensitive genome-based methods, have found small RNA bee viruses and the microsporidia, Nosema apis and N. ceranae in healthy and collapsing colonies alike with no single pathogen firmly linked to honey bee losses. Methodology/Principal Findings We used Mass spectrometry-based proteomics (MSP) to identify and quantify thousands of proteins from healthy and collapsing bee colonies. MSP revealed two unreported RNA viruses in North American honey bees, Varroa destructor-1 virus and Kakugo virus, and identified an invertebrate iridescent virus (IIV) (Iridoviridae) associated with CCD colonies. Prevalence of IIV significantly discriminated among strong, failing, and collapsed colonies. In addition, bees in failing colonies contained not only IIV, but also Nosema. Co-occurrence of these microbes
Bee sting - WikipediaBee sting - Wikipedia
A honey bee that is away from the hive foraging for nectar or pollen will rarely sting, except when stepped on or roughly handled. Honey bees will actively seek out and sting when they perceive the hive to be threatened, often being alerted to this by the release of attack pheromones (below). Although it is widely believed that a worker honey bee can sting only once, this is a partial misconception: although the stinger is in fact barbed so that it lodges in the victims skin, tearing loose from the bees abdomen and leading to its death in minutes, this only happens if the skin of the victim is sufficiently thick, such as a mammals.[3] Honey bees are the only hymenoptera with a strongly barbed sting, though yellow jackets and some other wasps have small barbs. Bees with barbed stingers can often sting other insects without harming themselves. Queen honeybees and bees of many other species, including bumblebees and many solitary bees, have smoother stingers with smaller barbs, and can sting ...
Publication : USDA ARSPublication : USDA ARS
Citation: Chen, Y., Smith, Jr., I.B., Collins, A.M., Pettis, J.S., Feldlaufer, M.F. 2004. Detection of deformed wing virus infection in honey bees Apis mellifera L. in the United States. American Bee Journal. 144(7):557-559. Interpretive Summary: The honey bee is an important beneficial insect assisting in the pollination of a wide variety of crops with an annual added market value exceeding 14 billion dollars. Honey bees, however, are threatened by a myriad of parasites and diseases and the occurrence of honey bee viruses and their effect on bees is not particularly well understood. We now report the detection of a honey bee virus not previously known to exist in the U. S., and demonstrate the utility of using molecular techniques for this area of research. The results of this research will be used by other scientists investigating honey bee viruses and by federal regulatory personnel involved in the worldwide trade in honey bees. Ultimately, this research will benefit beekeepers by improving ...
Get The Best Solution From Bee Removal EdmontonGet The Best Solution From Bee Removal Edmonton
Causes of bee. Commonly many types of insect are useful to people but some insects are harmful. One of that harmful insect is bees. Bee provides honey and also it causes some diseases. It is the flying stinging insects. Various type of bees are available, they are honey bees, hornets, wasps and yellow jackets. These different types of bees are differed in shape, structure and their characters. The most common properties of bees are bite. If anybody disturbed, the bees will bite them. If bees bite your skin, then skin changes in reddish color. The swelling of bees causes infection. Sometimes you feel itching in entire body. Many harmful bees are in this world, if it bites it causes breathing problem and shock also. The fire ant sting is one of the common bees. It swollen immediately causes pain on that location and changes dark red color. In case of swollen which is easily disappears within 45 minutes, does not required any treatment. But in some cases it will take long time to cure. View the bee ...
In-hive pollen transfer among honey bees - American Honey ProducersIn-hive pollen transfer among honey bees - American Honey Producers
When we think of pollination we imagine a honey bee foraging on a flower, collecting nectar or pollen, and inadvertently transferring some of the pollen to the next flower she visits.. Ive always thought that solitary bees might be more efficient pollinators for several reasons. For example, solitary bees seem to fly faster between flowers, collect pollen more quickly, and take little nectar compared to honey bees. In addition, solitary bees carry their pollen in its natural fluffy state that is readily usable by flowers.. On the other hand, honey bees and bumble bees glue their pollen loads together with nectar, making a tightly-packed pellet that is useless for pollination. In fact, most of the pollen that honey bees transfer from flower to flower is stuck to their bodies in random places. When foraging on the next flower, some of this pollen rubs onto the stigma and pollinates the flower, but the pollen in the pellets doesnt budge.. Other habits of honey bees make them excellent ...
Three Previously Undescribed Viruses from the Honey Bee | Microbiology SocietyThree Previously Undescribed Viruses from the Honey Bee | Microbiology Society
Summary Arkansas bee virus, bee virus X and slow paralysis virus, isolated from adult honey bees, have isometric particles, contain RNA and are serologically unrelated to each other or to the other known bee viruses. Arkansas bee virus particles are 30 nm in diam. sediment at 128S, have a buoyant density in CsCl of 1.37 g/ml and kill bees injected with them in about 3 weeks. Bee virus X particles are 35 nm in diam., sediment at 187S, have a buoyant density of 1.36 g/ml, multiply when fed to young bees kept at 30 °C but not at 35 °C nor when injected, and have not by themselves been associated with symptoms or mortality, although they killed bees when injected in combination with sacbrood virus. Slow paralysis virus particles are 30 nm in diam., sediment at about 176S, have a buoyant density of 1.35 g/ml and kill bees injected with them in about 12 days.
Genetics Plays Vital Role In Building Better Bees - RedorbitGenetics Plays Vital Role In Building Better Bees - Redorbit
April Flowers for redOrbit.com - Your Universe Online. A new study suggests that the reason worker bees are such a highly skilled and specialized workforce is that the genes controlling their behavior are re-shuffled frequently, helping evolution build a better bee.. The new research from York University, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), sheds light on how sterile worker bees evolved charismatic and cooperative behaviors. These behaviors include nursing young bees, collecting food for the colony, defending it against intruders, and dancing to communicate the location of profitable flowers to nest mates.. By examining the honey bee genome, the team noticed that the genes associated with worker behavior were found in the area of the genome known to have the highest rate of recombination, which is basically a shuffling of the genetic deck. Biology Professor Amro Zayed says that because of such shuffling, the bees can be strongly varied. For example the ...
How Do Bees Make Honey? (Its Not Just Bee Barf) | NC State NewsHow Do Bees Make Honey? (It's Not Just Bee Barf) | NC State News
Last weekend, my daughter asked me how bees made honey, and I realized that I didnt know the answer. How do bees make honey? I did some homework, and can now explain it to her - and to you.. Different honey bees have different jobs. Some of these bees are "forager" bees, which collect nectar from flowering plants. The foragers drink the nectar, and store it in their crop, which is also called the honey stomach. The crop is used solely for storage, and the bee does not digest the nectar at all.. The forager bee then takes the nectar back to the hive, regurgitating the nectar directly into the crop of a "processor" bee at or near the entrance to the hive.. While the forager heads back to the flowers for more nectar, the processor bee takes the nectar to the honeycomb, which tends to be near the top of the hive, and regurgitates it into a hexagonal wax cell. But now the nectar needs to ripen.. The processor bees add an enzyme called invertase every time they regurgitate their nectar (and it takes ...
Reduced SNP Panels for Genetic Identification and Introgression Analysis in the DarkReduced SNP Panels for Genetic Identification and Introgression Analysis in the Dark
... Honey Bee (Apis mellifera mellifera) Beekeeping activities, especially queen trading, have shaped the distribution of honey bee (Apis mellifera) subspecies in Europe, and have resulted in extensive introductions of two eastern European C-lineage subspecies (A. m. ligustica and A. m. carnica) into the native range of the M-lineage A. m. mellifera subspecies in Western Europe. As a consequence, replacement and
Sabinet | Influence of nesting habitats on the gut enzymes activity and heavy metal composition of Apis mellifera andersonii L....Sabinet | Influence of nesting habitats on the gut enzymes activity and heavy metal composition of Apis mellifera andersonii L....
The demand for honey and other beehive products has necessitated different methods of hunting ranging from wild to modern beekeeping methods. The influence of two different nesting habitats on the gut enzyme activities and heavy metal content of honey-bee workers was investigated in this study. Worker bees of Apis mellifera L. were randomly collected from the wild and Kenya top bar hives were analysed for the presence of heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cd, Mn and Cu). Gut enzymes (cellulase, amylase, α-glucosidase, proteinase and lipase) assay was also determined in worker bees from the two habitats. Worker bees from the Kenya top bar hives recorded significantly higher heavy metals in their body than worker bees from the wild. Similarly, no Cd and Pb were detected in the body of worker bees from the wild. The gut enzymes assay of worker bees from Kenya top bar hives revealed the presence of cellulase, amylase, glucosidase, proteinase and lipase with a significantly higher enzymes activities (1.10, 1.65, 0.89, 0
A Bees Future as Queen Or Worker May Rest with Parasitic FlyA Bee's Future as Queen Or Worker May Rest with Parasitic Fly
The bees are important pollinators of night-blooming plants and the female bees can nest alone or live in small colonies. A colony is typically made up of two to four individuals - a queen and her offspring.. Behavioral observations showed that non-reproductive foragers and guards are significantly smaller than the queen bee in a nest, although the relative size of individual bees varied from nest to nest. Heres where the flies apparently fit in and are affecting the bees behavior. The bees nest in hollowed twigs and sticks hanging in the tropical understory and the flies flick their eggs into the entrance to the bee nests. Some of these eggs randomly fall into cells, or chambers, prepared by the bees, each to hold a larva and pollen that the larva eats. The cells are then sealed, so if a cell does contain fly eggs the young flies are competing with the bee larva for a limited amount of food.. "There is a natural size variation in bees and this is based in part on the amount of food available ...
CATCH THE BUZZ - Bees See Better than we thought. Who knew? | Bee CultureCATCH THE BUZZ - Bees See Better than we thought. Who knew? | Bee Culture
Alan Harman. Honey bees have much better vision than was previously known, researchers at the University of Adelaide discover.. The findings come from "eye tests" given to European honey bees, Apis mellifera, by postdoctoral researcher Dr Elisa Rigosi and published in the journal Scientific Reports.. Bee vision has been studied since researcher Karl von Frisch in 1914 reported bees ability to see colors and Rigosi says honey bees remain a fascinating model among scientists, in particular neuroscientists.. "Among other things, honey bees help to answer questions such as: how can a tiny brain of less than a million neurons achieve complex processes, and what are its utmost limits?" she says. "In the last few decades it has been shown that bees can see and categorize objects and learn concepts through vision, such as the concept of symmetric and above and below.. "But one basic question that has only been partially addressed is: what actually is the visual acuity of the honey bee eye? Just how ...
Get PDF - Use of the honeybee (Apis mellifera) and of Xylocopa bariwal for pollination of Phaseolus coccineus in cagesGet PDF - Use of the honeybee (Apis mellifera) and of Xylocopa bariwal for pollination of Phaseolus coccineus in cages
Vanderborght, T.; Rasmont, P., 1987: Use of the honeybee (Apis mellifera) and of Xylocopa bariwal for pollination of Phaseolus coccineus in cages
Genetically Engineered Gut Bacteria Boost Honey Bees Immunity, Limit Pathogens- Crop Biotech Update (February 5, 2020) | ISAAA...Genetically Engineered Gut Bacteria Boost Honey Bees' Immunity, Limit Pathogens- Crop Biotech Update (February 5, 2020) | ISAAA...
The University of Texas at Austin presented the results of their study that aimed to protect bee health. Their paper published in Science discussed how the researchers were able to engineer a symbiotic bee gut bacterium using a new approach for manipulating bee gene expression. The approach aimed to improve bee survival after a viral challenge while at the same time killing parasitic mites.. For the past years, adult honey bee in colonies in the US has been observed to be dwindling in numbers. One of the causes of this problem are the Varroa mites and the deformed wing virus, which often come together. According to the University of Texas at Austin, the mites feed on the bees while spreading the virus. This combined threat weakens the bees and makes them more vulnerable to pathogens in the environment.. The scientists found a solution to the problem by genetically engineering a specific strain of bacteria to target the virus, and another to target the mites. Honey bees are known to have an ...
Autumns focus on forageAutumn's focus on forage
Are Western Honey Bees Apis mellifera really the worlds most important pollinator? This is the claim made in a recently published paper in the proceedings of the Royal Society of Biological Sciences 10th January 2018. The authors claims are based upon existing published datasets consisting of observations of bees on flowering plants in natural environments around the globe and based upon the abundance of Honey bees recorded during the study have come to the conclusion that they are therefore the most important pollinator in the world.. The claim that a single species can be solely relied upon or referred to as the most important pollinator in the world has been widely criticised by academics who have been quick to point out that many other recent studies show that wild bees are responsible for a greater proportion of the pollination service previously attributed to domesticated honey bees and that in addition there are many crop plants that can only be pollinated by a restricted number of ...
Sucrose sensitivity of honey bees is differently affected by dietary protein and a neonicotinoid pesticide (2016)Sucrose sensitivity of honey bees is differently affected by dietary protein and a neonicotinoid pesticide (2016)
Over a decade, declines in honey bee colonies have raised worldwide concerns. Several potentially contributing factors have been investigated, e.g. parasites, diseases, and pesticides. Neonicotinoid pesticides have received much attention due to their intensive use in crop protection, and their adverse effects on many levels of honey bee physiology led the European Union to ban these compounds. Due to their neuronal target, a receptor expressed throughout the insect nervous system, studies have focused mainly on neuroscience and behaviour. Through the Geometric Framework of nutrition, we investigated effects of the neonicotinoid thiamethoxam on survival, food consumption and sucrose sensitivity of honey bees (Apis mellifera). Thiamethoxam did not affect protein and carbohydrate intake, but decreased responses to high concentrations of sucrose. Interestingly, when bees ate fixed unbalanced diets, dietary protein facilitated better sucrose detection. Both thiamethoxam and dietary protein influenced
11 New Bee Species Discovered In Eastern United States11 New Bee Species Discovered In Eastern United States
Eleven new species of bees, including four from New York City and its suburbs, have been discovered with the help of the vast digital and physical bee collections at the American Museum of Natural History. The newly described sweat bees - small-to-medium-sized bees named for their attraction to the salt in human sweat - are presented by Cornell University postdoctoral researcher Jason Gibbs in a paper in the journal Zootaxa. One of the new species found in New York City - in the New York Botanical Garden in the Bronx and in the Brooklyn Botanic Garden - was given an especially fitting name: Lasioglossum gotham.. Declines in honey bees and other bees have received a lot of attention in recent years, but it is not generally appreciated that bee species entirely new to science are still being discovered even within our largest cities. New York City has a surprising diversity of bees, with more than 250 described species recorded, said John Ascher, a research scientist in the Museums Division of ...
Epigenetic Modification of Gene Expression in Honey Bees by Heterospecific Gland SecretionsEpigenetic Modification of Gene Expression in Honey Bees by Heterospecific Gland Secretions
Background In the honey bee (Apis mellifera), queen and workers have different behavior and reproductive capacity despite possessing the same genome. The primary substance that leads to this differentiation is royal jelly (RJ), which contains a range of proteins, amino acids, vitamins and nucleic acids. MicroRNA (miRNA) has been found to play an important role in regulating the expression of protein-coding genes and cell biology. In this study, we characterized the miRNAs in RJ from two honey bee sister species and determined their possible effect on transcriptome in one species. Methodology/Principal Findings We sequenced the miRNAs in RJ either from A. mellifera (RJM) or A. cerana (RJC). We then determined the global transcriptomes of adult A. mellifera developed from larvae fed either with RJM (mRJM) or RJC (mRJC). Finally we analyzed the target genes of those miRNA that are species specific or differentially expressed in the two honey bee species. We show that there were differences in miRNA
Department of Entomology: FacultyDepartment of Entomology: Faculty
Di, N., K. R. Hladun, K. Zhang, T.-X. Liu, and J. T. Trumble. 2016. Laboratory bioassays on the impact of cadmium, copper and lead on the development and survival of honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) larvae and foragers. Chemosphere 152: 530-538.. Prager, S. M., G. Kund and J.T. Trumble. 2016. Low input, low cost IPM program helps manage potato psyllid. California Agriculture 70 (2): 89-95.. Pennington, M.J., S.M. Prager, W.E. Walton, and J.T. Trumble. 2016. (Culex quinquefasciatus) larval microbiomes vary with instar and exposure to common wastewater contaminants. Nature Scientific Reports 6:21969 , DOI: 10.1038/srep21969.. Burden, C. M., C. Elmore, K. R. Hladun, J. T. Trumble, and B. H. Smith. 2016. Acute exposure to selenium disrupts associative conditioning and long-term memory recall in honey bees (Apis mellifera L.). Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 127: 71-79.. Hladun, K.R., N. Di, T.-X. Liu, and J.T. Trumble. 2016. Metal contaminant accumulation in the hive: consequences for whole ...
Victory Gardens for Bees: Gifts for the BirdsVictory Gardens for Bees: Gifts for the Birds
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Victory Gardens for Bees: Market SignsVictory Gardens for Bees: Market Signs
flowers (42) MOP (39) The Starling Cloud Choir (33) teaching (31) UBC Farm (29) seasonal eating (25) VanDusen Gardens (23) Moberly Arts and Cultural Centre (22) August bee plant (21) MOPARRC (21) Environmental Youth Alliance (20) mason bees (20) bumble bees (19) July bee plants (18) bee garden (18) recipe (17) performance art (16) hummingbirds (14) ArtStarts (13) West Point Grey Community Centre (13) bees (13) native bees (12) Madame Beespeaker (11) honeybees (11) queen bee (11) citizen science (10) family (10) seeds (10) Brian Campbell (9) Moberly Cultural Herb Garden (9) Montreal (9) moon (9) travel (9) Aberthau Mansion (8) Moberly Community Arts Centre (8) Victory Gardens for Bees: A DIY Guide to Saving the Bees (8) bee gardens (8) herbs (8) hummingbird flowers (8) Colony Farm (7) Dr. Sun Yat Sen Classical Chinese Garden (7) Seedy Saturday (7) Valentines Day (7) art (7) bee safari (7) beekeeping (7) birding resources (7) cuckoo bee (7) eating local (7) phenology (7) pollen (7) signs of ...
Silencing the Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) Naked Cuticle Gene (nkd) Improves Host Immune Function and Reduces Nosema ceranae...Silencing the Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) Naked Cuticle Gene (nkd) Improves Host Immune Function and Reduces Nosema ceranae...
European honey bees, Apis mellifera, play a critical role in the pollination of important crops. However, honey bee populations have suffered high losses in much of the world (1), coincident with an increase in agricultural demand for honey bee pollination (2). Specifically, honey bee colony losses in the United States have been exacerbated since the report of colony collapse disorder (CCD), a syndrome that comprises large-scale, unexplained losses of managed honey bees (3-9). High levels of parasites and pathogens have been linked to the decline of honey bee colonies (10, 11).. Nosema is a genus of obligate, intracellular microsporidian parasites that infect many diverse animal species, including honey bees (12, 13). For years, Nosema disease of European honey bees was exclusively attributed to a single Nosema species, Nosema apis. Another species, Nosema ceranae, was originally detected in Asian honey bees, Apis cerana (14), and subsequently found to infect European honey bees, A. mellifera ...
Bacterial community associated with worker honeybees (Apis mellifera) affected by European foulbrood [PeerJ]Bacterial community associated with worker honeybees (Apis mellifera) affected by European foulbrood [PeerJ]
Background Melissococcus plutonius is an entomopathogenic bacterium that causes European foulbrood (EFB), a honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) disease that necessitates quarantine in some countries. In Czechia, positive evidence of EFB was absent for almost 40 years, until an outbreak in the Krkonose Mountains National Park in 2015. This occurrence of EFB gave us the opportunity to study the epizootiology of EFB by focusing on the microbiome of honeybee workers, which act as vectors of honeybee diseases within and between colonies. Methods The study included worker bees collected from brood combs of colonies (i) with no signs of EFB (EFB0), (ii) without clinical symptoms but located at an apiary showing clinical signs of EFB (EFB1), and (iii) with clinical symptoms of EFB (EFB2). In total, 49 samples from 27 honeybee colonies were included in the dataset evaluated in this study. Each biological sample consisted of 10 surface-sterilized worker bees processed for DNA extraction. All subjects were analyzed using
PPT - Honey Bee Colony Collapse Disorder PowerPoint Presentation - ID:6736874PPT - Honey Bee Colony Collapse Disorder PowerPoint Presentation - ID:6736874
Honey Bee Colony Collapse Disorder. Colony Collapse Disorder. Population crashes have been common place since the 1980s but have become disastrous since 2006, with 1/3 of honeybee colonies being lost each winter since. These collapses happen during overwintering Slideshow 6736874 by...
Free Colony Collapse Disorder Essay Sample. Order Colony Collapse Disorder Essay CheapFree Colony Collapse Disorder Essay Sample. Order Colony Collapse Disorder Essay Cheap
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Apitherapy News: Royal Jelly Proteins as Markers for Authenticity and Quality of HoneyApitherapy News: Royal Jelly Proteins as Markers for Authenticity and Quality of Honey
Results from the analysis for presence and amount of apalbumin1 in honeys will be used for high-throughput screening of honey samples over the world. On the basis of our experiments which show that royal jelly proteins are regular and physiologically active components of honey we propose to change the definition of honey (according to the EU Honey Directive 2001/110/EC) as follows: Honey is a natural sweet substance produced by honey bees from nectar of plants or from secretions of plants, or excretions of plant sucking insects, which honey bees collect, transform by combining with major royal jelly proteins and other specific substances of their own, deposit, dehydrate, store and leave in the honey comb to ripen and mature ...
Transcriptome analysis of the honey bee fungal pathogen, Ascosphaera apis: implications for host pathogenesis | BMC Genomics |...Transcriptome analysis of the honey bee fungal pathogen, Ascosphaera apis: implications for host pathogenesis | BMC Genomics |...
We present a comprehensive transcriptome analysis of the fungus Ascosphaera apis, an economically important pathogen of the Western honey bee (Apis mellifera) that causes chalkbrood disease. Our goals were to further annotate the A. apis reference genome and to identify genes that are candidates for being differentially expressed during host infection versus axenic culture. We compared A. apis transcriptome sequence from mycelia grown on liquid or solid media with that dissected from host-infected tissue. 454 pyrosequencing provided 252 Mb of filtered sequence reads from both culture types that were assembled into 10,087 contigs. Transcript contigs, protein sequences from multiple fungal species, and ab initio gene predictions were included as evidence sources in the Maker gene prediction pipeline, resulting in 6,992 consensus gene models. A phylogeny based on 12 of these protein-coding loci further supported the taxonomic placement of Ascosphaera as sister to the core Onygenales. Several common protein
An exotic parasite is spreading in honey bees - and global warming is making it worseAn exotic parasite is spreading in honey bees - and global warming is making it worse
All animals are afflicted by a wide range of pests and parasites. Many are relatively benign. But for the honey bee one gut parasite in particular is a major risk, especially as summers become warmer.. Bees are fairly used to parasites. A native single-celled (microsporidian) parasite of the honey bee called Nosema apis has probably co-existed with its host for millions of years. Back in the 1990s Ingemar Fries, a world expert in honey bee pathology, visited Beijing where he came across a subtly different and novel variant of N. apis in the eastern honey bee. He named it Nosema ceranae.. Fries thought nothing more of his scientific paper describing the species, until the same parasite was found a decade later in western honey bees (the species native to Europe) in Spain, Taiwan and Vietnam.. This prompted a team of scientists, including me, to search for the parasite in honey bees across the world. If a recently discovered virus had jumped species and was spreading globally, that was big news ...
Honing in on bee colony collapse disorder | western FarmPressHoning in on bee colony collapse disorder | western FarmPress
Nearly 30 percent of all honey bees literally disappeared last winter, fleeing their hives never to return. Researchers have studied colony collapse disorder since it was identified in 2006. They are now uncovering answers to this problem. A combination of factors contribute to colony collapse disorder, or CCD, including pesticide exposure, environmental and nutritional stresses, new or reemerging pathogens and a virus that targets the bees immune systems, said Keith Delaplane, an entomologist with the University of Georgia College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences.
USDA and EPA Release New Report on Honey Bee Health May 2013 - American Beekeeping FederationUSDA and EPA Release New Report on Honey Bee Health May 2013 - American Beekeeping Federation
The decline in honey bee health is a complex problem caused by a combination of stressors, and at EPA we are committed to continuing our work with USDA, researchers, beekeepers, growers and the public to address this challenge, said Acting EPA Administrator Bob Perciasepe. The report weve released today is the product of unprecedented collaboration, and our work in concert must continue. As the report makes clear, weve made significant progress, but there is still much work to be done to protect the honey bee population ...
Honey Bee Disorders: Microsporidian DiseasesHoney Bee Disorders: Microsporidian Diseases
A second species, Nosema ceranae, a natural associate of the eastern honey bee Apis cerana, has emerged in recent years as a problem in Europe, mainly Spain, where it is suspected of causing large-scale colony deaths. N. ceranae is known to occur in the US as well, and it probably contributes to similar occurrences of colony morbidity. It is nearly impossible to discriminate N. apis from N. ceranae without molecular techniques. Being a non-natural parasite on A. mellifera, there is concern that N. ceranae may have higher virulence toward the western honey bee - a pattern typical with many non-natural parasite relationships. However, studies from Canada and the US have failed to firmly associate Nosema disease with wide-scale colony deaths in the mid-to-late 2000s, sometimes called Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD).. There are no IPM approaches specifically targeted against Nosema disease, and its management centers on the maintenance of robust colonies and biennial application of the antibiotic ...
Larvae act as a transient transmission hub for the prevalent bumblebee parasite Crithidia bombi - Research - Royal Holloway,...Larvae act as a transient transmission hub for the prevalent bumblebee parasite Crithidia bombi - Research - Royal Holloway,...
Disease transmission networks are key for understanding parasite epidemiology. Within the social insects, structured contact networks have been suggested to limit the spread of diseases to vulnerable members of their society, such as the queen or brood. However, even these complex social structures do not provide complete protection, as some diseases, which are transmitted by workers during brood care, can still infect the brood. Given the high rate of feeding interactions that occur in a social insect colony, larvae may act as disease transmission hubs. Here we use the bumblebee Bombus terrestris and its parasite Crithidia bombi to determine the role of brood in bumblebee disease transmission networks. Larvae that were artificially inoculated with C. bombi showed no signs of infection seven days after inoculation. However, larvae that received either an artificial inoculation or a contaminated feed from brood-caring workers were able to transmit the parasite to naive workers. These results ...
Narrowing the causes of honey bee lossesNarrowing the causes of honey bee losses
It is often said that one out of every three bites of food we eat is pollinated by a honey bee. Honeybee losses are a major problem for the beekeeping industry and potentially to agricultural commodities that depend on bees for pollination services.. The unexplained losses of managed bee colonies has been termed "colony collapse disorder," and according University of Florida entomologist, Jamie Ellis, "Some beekeepers in states have lost 50 to 90 percent of their colonies within a matter of weeks. But despite these high losses, the average number of colony losses has been approximately 30 percent since colony collapse disorder was first reported in 2006.". The USDA recently reported that general colony loss levels in 2009 were 29 percent and increased to 34 percent in 2010.. According to the University of Florida, colonies with CCD can appear healthy just weeks prior to collapse. However, the adult bees soon "disappear" from the colonies, leaving behind a box full of honey, pollen, capped brood ...
Nosema ceranae The Inside Story - Bee HealthNosema ceranae The Inside Story - Bee Health
Control of vegetative forms inside the bees.. Fumagillin. This chemical has been used for many years to control Nosema in honey bees and related pathogens in other animals and in humans. It is often still effective against both Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae. However, we must consider alternatives. We cannot rely on a single type of treatment. Experienced beekeepers have seen the development of varroa mites highly resistant to chemical controls and American foulbrood bacteria resistant to antibiotics. The same problem will certainly arise with extensive use of fumagillin.. Fumagillin is produced naturally by another type of fungus called Aspergillus. Like many microbes, Aspergillus has developed its own arsenal of chemicals that help it survive.. Fumagillin treatment is prepared in sugar syrup, and fed to bees. Inside the midgut, it penetrates Nosema-infected cells. There it interferes with the Nosema genetic machinery, or with certain proteins. It does not affect the spores. After fumagillin ...
Bulletin No. 340 - Adult Honey Bee Losses in Utah as Related to Arseni by G. F. Knowlton, A. P. Sturtevant et al."Bulletin No. 340 - Adult Honey Bee Losses in Utah as Related to Arseni" by G. F. Knowlton, A. P. Sturtevant et al.
During 1947 the 55,000 colonies of honey bees in Utah produced approximately $545,000 worth of marketable honey and beeswax. In addition they pollinated most of the fruit, alfalfa seed, various vegetable and other seed crops. By 1949 the price of honey had declined to where the crop of honey and beeswax was worth $253,000, produced by 49,000 colonies of bees. The value of bees in Utah as pollinating agents to fruit and seed crops greatly exceeds the income received by beekeepers from bee products sold. Because agriculture receives such great benefit from bees, it seems reasonable that farmers who are deriving substantial benefit from the beekeeping industry should cooperate with beekeepers to sustain beekeeping on a sound, thriving basis.
Colony collapse disorder explainedColony collapse disorder explained
What is Colony collapse disorder? Colony collapse disorder is the phenomenon that occurs when the majority of worker bees in a colony disappear and leave ...
The Bee PageThe Bee Page
Beekeeping, or apiculture, is the cultivation of colonies of honeybees. Commercial beekeeping includes the production of honey and beeswax, the breeding of bees for sale, and the rental of bees for pollenating crops. Beekeeping in most of the world means cultivating the western honeybee, Apis mellifera. The infamous killer bee, a relative of the African honeybee, is too aggressive for commercial beekeeping. Modern beekeeping is based on the ancient Greek technique of creating a bee space. In those days, the hive consisted of a basket of containing a series of parallel wooden bars separated by a distance equal to that between the honeycombs when they are naturally built by bees. The distance is 6.350 millimeters, or about one quarter of an inch. Any variation from this distance results in the space being filled with comb or propolis. A honeycomb is a mass of hexagonal cells in the nest that contain eggs, young bees, and honey. Lorenzo Lorraine Langstroth in 1851 brought beekeeping to the United ...
Approaches and Challenges to Managing Nosema in Honey Bee Colonies - American Honey ProducersApproaches and Challenges to Managing Nosema in Honey Bee Colonies - American Honey Producers
Its a tough time to be a pollinator.. Bee, butterfly, and bat populations are in decline across the globe. Even the honey bee, perhaps the best-studied pollinator, has suffered great losses as beekeepers and researchers struggle to identify the causes. In recent years, its become clear that no one factor is responsible - honey bees face an onslaught of pressures, ranging from pesticides to viruses to parasites.. A recent Journal of Economy Entomology paper puts a spotlight on just one of these problems, the honey bee pest Nosema. Summarizing decades of intensive research from across the globe, two University of Minnesota and Pennsylvania State University entomologists outline precisely why Nosema represents an intractable problem for beekeepers. Their sobering conclusion - that far more research and resources are still needed to equip beekeepers with the right tools for managing Nosema infections - throws into relief the challenge of understanding and reversing global declines not just in honey ...
Pesticides and Bees | Manitoba Agriculture | Province of ManitobaPesticides and Bees | Manitoba Agriculture | Province of Manitoba
The following table indicates the maximum times required for the insecticides listed in the Guide to be degraded by weather to a low hazard level for bees. These times are to be used as general guidelines only, since most of these insecticides have not been tested for bee toxicity under western Canadian conditions, and environmental conditions will influence the rate at which pesticides degrade.. Fungicides are generally not considered to have toxic effects on bees however Captan has been reported to have toxic effects on honey bee larvae. Captan is not harmful to the adult bees but can be carried back to the honey bee colony and may then have toxic effects on the brood ...
varroa mite - Varroa destructor Anderson and Truemanvarroa mite - Varroa destructor Anderson and Trueman
Ether rolls yield quicker results than sticky traps but can be less accurate because only a subset of the entire colony is sampled. In an ether roll, about 300 adult bees are collected in a glass jar and sprayed with ether. After the ether is added to the jar, the jar is lightly shaken for 30 seconds, during which time Varroa present on the adult bees will adhere to the inside walls of the jar, facilitating their quantification. A newer version of this sampling protocol has been developed using powdered sugar rather than ether. Once the dusted bees are shaken, the bees can be released (they are alive) and the sugar can be dumped into water. After contacting the water, the sugar dissolves, thus facilitating Varroa quantification. The sampling methods were not used very often traditionally because treatment for Varroa was recommended twice yearly, regardless of the number of mites in a colony. Recently, investigators around the world have tried to employ an integrated pest management (IPM) ...
Understanding the relationship between brain gene expression and social behavior: lessons from the honey beeUnderstanding the relationship between brain gene expression and social behavior: lessons from the honey bee
Behavior is a complex phenotype that is plastic and evolutionarily labile. The advent of genomics has revolutionized the field of behavioral genetics by providing tools to quantify the dynamic nature of brain gene expression in relation to behavioral output. The honey bee Apis mellifera provides an …
Bee Venom FAQBee Venom FAQ
From: [email protected] (Andy Nachbaur) Subject: bvemon faq Date: Thu, 10 Apr 1997 14:03:00 GMT Organization: WILD BEES BBS (209) 826-8107 LOS BANOS, CA To: [email protected] From: [email protected] (Darlene Scribilo) Subject: Bee Venom Therapy -FAQ Date: February 04, 1996 11:24 Hi Folks, I have found a very interesting article in the American Bee Journal, Vol. 136, No. 2, 1996, pp. 107-109, which I thought would interest you. It is on bee venom therapy and I have the permission of the author to post it here. Bee Venom - Frequently Asked Questions Bee venom therapy is becoming recognized and accepted for treating certain human ailments. Honey bee venom can be used in many different ways and forms. I receive dozens of letters from people who ask me to send all the information I have on bee venom. I answer all the letters, however, I am unable to send them all of my approximately 5,000 pages of literature. In order to help I have gathered the most frequently asked questions which I will ...
Beekeeping/Honey Bee Races - Wikibooks, open books for an open worldBeekeeping/Honey Bee Races - Wikibooks, open books for an open world
There are several races of the honeybee. Each of these races has different advantages and disadvantages linked to their original regional background. Each region likely has a differing climate, topography, resources and predators. Because of difference in background, each race of honey bees have evolved slightly in a different manner than their cousins allowing them to better take advantage of their specific situation. Today the Italian Honey Bee is the most commonly kept honey bee in the United States, conversely the Africanized Honey Bee is the most feared and illegal to keep in many regions. Fitting somewhere between these two extremes include many of the other races and the Feral Honey Bee, though technically not a race in its own, it may be acclimated to the area in which it has been found. The following is a partial listing of the races of honeybee that may be available to a prospective beekeeper, along side is a brief amount of information regarding each race and some common advantages ...
What Causes Bee Colony Collapse Disorder?What Causes Bee Colony Collapse Disorder?
The bee colony devastation may lead to a phenomenon dubbed as colony collapse disorder and severely affect the U.S. agriculture and food supply.
Bees - Honey Bee Colony Collapse | HubPagesBees - Honey Bee Colony Collapse | HubPages
Honey bees are social insects that pollinate about 1/3 of the food we eat. Colony collapse disorder is a serious problem that is the biggest threat to our food sources.
Dry future climate could reduce orchid bee habitatDry future climate could reduce orchid bee habitat
By proceeding with the caveat that physiological tolerance has remained constant - species tend to be evolutionarily conservative about shifting their niches - the researchers used computer models to simulate past bee distributions based on climate conditions in the Pleistocene. The results showed that in the past, during periods when the neotropics had lowered precipitation, each species experienced significant reduction in suitable habitat, with E. cingulata maintaining the largest geographical ranges. Climate and ecological niche computer model simulations were closely matched by genetic data of the two less-tolerant orchid bee species. The genetic data included mitochondrial markers, which are only inherited from females, and nuclear markers, which come from males and females. The mitochondrial DNA showed that individual bees in one geographic area were more closely related to each other than to bees from other areas. The findings suggest the maternal lines of these bees remained in the area ...
Pollination with Mason Bees BookPollination with Mason Bees Book
It brings a powerful combination of scientific research and practical experience to the challenges of pollination. This illustrated book is intended for gardeners and farmers who want to increase the volume of fruit harvested from their fruit trees and blueberry bushes.Features:All about Mason Bees, their life cycle, behaviour & habitat preferencesWhat to consider whether youre buying or building Mason Bee housesHow to make your own Mason Bee House with simple, inexpensive materialsHow to place Mason Bee Houses in your garden for optimal light and warmthBest practices to maintain and increase your Mason Bee populationOverwintering bees so your population persists from year to yearProtecting your bees from predators, parasites and pestsValuable insights and practical tips from Mason Bee keepersAuthor Dr. Margriet Dogterom has more than 20 years experience in apiculture - in both hands-on field work and scholarly research. She created the QuickLock System for Mason Bee houses - specifically designed
CATCH THE BUZZ-Why Vegans Avoid Honey - Upper Ottawa Valley Beekeepers AssociationCATCH THE BUZZ-Why Vegans Avoid Honey - Upper Ottawa Valley Beekeepers' Association
Some of the commonly Googled questions include "is honey bee vomit" and "is honey bee poop?", and the answer to both those questions is no. So first of all, we need to take a look into what honey really is by breaking down how it is made.. Honey bees live in colonies called hives, and they fly away from their hives to forage for pollen, propolis and nectar. The nectar is what is used to make honey, and is extracted from various flowers using the bees tongue and is stored in its crop - the "honey stomach". Bees actually have not one, but two stomachs - one for eating, and another for honey. When its honey stomach is completely full, bees can almost double its weight.. When honey bees fly back to the hive, they begin to secrete enzymes that help to change the acidity and composition of the nectar to make it suitable to keep a long time. Upon its return, the forager bee will regurgitate whats in its crop, and pass it onto a house bee. This process is called trophallaxis.. House bees then process ...
Octopamine modulates activity of neural networks in the honey bee antennal lobe | SpringerLinkOctopamine modulates activity of neural networks in the honey bee antennal lobe | SpringerLink
Neuronal plasticity allows an animal to respond to environmental changes by modulating its response to stimuli. In the honey bee ( Apis mellifera), the biogenic amine octopamine plays a crucial role...
Beyond Pesticides Daily News Blog » Blog Archive USDA Research Links Neonicotinoid Pesticides to Bee Deaths - Beyond...Beyond Pesticides Daily News Blog » Blog Archive USDA Research Links Neonicotinoid Pesticides to Bee Deaths - Beyond...
Beyond Pesticides, January 25, 2011) Research by the U.S. Department of Agricultures (USDA) Bee Research Laboratory and Penn State University shows that the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid contribute -at extremely low levels- to bee deaths and possibly colony collapse disorder (CCD), the widespread disappearance of honey bees that has killed off more than a third of commercial honey bees in the U.S. While the study has not been published yet, the UKs The Independent newspaper reports that honeybees exposed to imidacloprid are more susceptible to the fungal pathogen Nosema. This is the first study to show that neonicotinoids impact the survival of bees at levels below the level of detection, meaning that field studies would not have considered the role of the pesticide, because they would not have detected it. USDA researcher Jeffrey Pettis, PhD and Penn State University researcher Dennis Van Engelsdorp, PhD explained their research in the 2010 documentary, The Strange Disappearance of ...
Honeybee - Academic KidsHoneybee - Academic Kids
Honey bees are an excellent animal to study with regards to behavior because they are abundant and familiar to most people. An animal that is disregarded every day has very specific behaviors that go unnoticed by the normal person. Karl von Frisch studied the behavior of honey bees with regards to communication and was awarded the Nobel Prize for physiology and medicine in 1973. Von Frisch noticed that honey bees communicate with the language of dance. Honey bees are able to direct other bees to food sources through the round dance and the waggle dance. The round dance tells the other foragers that food is within 50 meters of the hive, but it does not provide much information regarding direction. The waggle dance, which may be vertical or horizontal, provides more detail about both the distance and the direction of the located food source. It is also hypothesized that the bees rely on their olfactory sense to help locate the food source once the foragers are given directions from the dances. ...
The Protective Effect of Bee Venom against Ethanol-Induced Hepatic Injury via Regulation of the Mitochondria-Related Apoptotic...The Protective Effect of Bee Venom against Ethanol-Induced Hepatic Injury via Regulation of the Mitochondria-Related Apoptotic...
Abstract: Alcohol consumption increases apoptosis of hepatocytes. Death of hepatocytes is a characteristic feature of chronic liver disease for various causes. Bee venom (Apis mellifera) has been traditionally used for the treatment of various chronic diseases, such as chronic inflammatory arthritis and chronic liver disease. However, the precise mechanism for bee venom in chronic liver disease is not still cleared. To assess the effects of bee venom in chronic liver disease, we investigated the potential role of the bee venom in the ethanol-induced hepatocyte apoptosis. Bee venom treatment inhibited the apoptotic cell morphology and increased the cell viability in ethanol-induced hepatocyte apoptosis. With ethanol treatment, bee venom-treated hepatocytes increased activity of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, reduced activity of Bax, Caspase and PARP. In conclusion, bee venom treatment in ethanol-induced hepatocyte apoptosis occurred through the regulation of Bcl family with subsequent inactivation of the ...
High Quality Bee Pollen Tablet, Bee Pollen Caspule & Bee Pollen - Honey Products - Agriculture & Food - Products - Cxhuayu.comHigh Quality Bee Pollen Tablet, Bee Pollen Caspule & Bee Pollen - Honey Products - Agriculture & Food - Products - Cxhuayu.com
Bee pollen1. Source: Multiflower, corn, rape, tea, etc.2. Specification:A. Bee pollen granuleB. Bee pollen powder 80-120meshC. Bee pollen tabletD....
Honey Bee Pollen Collector - Beekeeping Product - Beebox2uHoney Bee Pollen Collector - Beekeeping Product - Beebox2u
Buy the Honey Bee Pollen Collector from Beebox2u. A Honey Bee Pollen Collector is a safe way of trapping pollen which falls off the legs of your honey bees. The pollen trapper helps catch fallen pollen without harming any of your bees or affecting their daily routine in any way.
Effects of Varroa destructor on temperature and humidity conditions and expression of energy metabolism genes in infested...Effects of Varroa destructor on temperature and humidity conditions and expression of energy metabolism genes in infested...
Varroa destructor mites pose an increasing global threat to the apicultural industry and agricultural ecology; however, the issue of whether certain environmental factors reflect the level of mite infection is far from resolved. Here, a wireless sensor network (WSN) system was used to examine how V. destructor, which has vital impacts on honeybee (Apis mellifera) health and survival, affects the temperature and humidity of honeybee hives in a field experiment. This approach may facilitate early identification of V.
Herbicides, Not Insecticides are Biggest Threat to BeesHerbicides, Not Insecticides are Biggest Threat to Bees
Jeff Harris, bee specialist with the MSU Extension Service and Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station researcher, said herbicides destroy bee food sources.. When farmers burn down weeds before spring planting, or people spray for goldenrod, asters and spring flowers, or when power companies spray their rights-of-way, they re killing a lot of potential food sources for bees and wild pollinators, he said.. Harris said the direct effect of these chemicals on bees is so much less of an issue than their loss of food supply.. Disappearing food is on the mind of beekeepers in the state, he said. That is even more important to them than losses of bees to insecticides. Johnny Thompson, vice president of the Mississippi Beekeeping Association, is a cattle and poultry farmer in Neshoba County who has been in the bee business for the last 10 years.. Before we got back into bees, I sprayed pastures by the barrel to kill weeds. As a cattle farmer, weeds are a nuisance, Thompson said. I m ...
Feed the Bees…Plant an Herb! @ Blooming Artichoke HerbaryFeed the Bees…Plant an Herb! @ Blooming Artichoke Herbary
Anyone watching the news and/or their garden is aware of the challenges facing our honey bee and bumblebee populations. Be a bee friendly gardener by adding pollinator friendly plants into your garden to give the bees (and other pollinators) a reliable food source free of chemicals.. Nothing says "hiya Bee!" like an herb. Herb gardens are abuzz with the sound and sight of happy bees enjoying pollen and nectar from flowering herbs. This isnt a one way street either, all that bee activity is making sure that your whole garden is being well pollinated and productive.. So, out of all the herbs to choose which should you plant? That depends on garden conditions such as available sunlight, soil type, water availability, etc. But ideally, your choices should provide successive blooms throughout the season with a mix of annual and perennial plants. The following are some suggestions for bee favorites.. Plant Name Bloom Time Garden Needs. Agastache foeniculum July-Sept Average; full sun/partial ...
Bee Healthy Farms: April 2012Bee Healthy Farms: April 2012
Different bee venoms are on the market. I use the product VeneX, which comes in two different strengths: VeneX-10 and VeneX-20 (Table 1.). VeneX-20 is twice as concentrated as VeneX-10. VeneX-10 contains 1.0 mg of bee venom per 1.0 ml. A 0.1 ml of this solution delivers approximately the same amount of bee venom as a natural bee sting. The content of melittin in bee venom is dependent on where it is collected on the hive; the season and the pollen source the bees have access to at the time. Generally between one third and one half of the venom is melittin. Because of these variables the symptoms seen on administration of the venom can also vary. Bee venom is used for desensitization and is approved with the FDA for this purpose. There is an official monograph in the Homeopathic Pharmacopoea of the United States (HPUS), also recognized by the FDA ...
News | The Evans Laboratory | Molecular biology of positive strand RNA viruses | Page 2News | The Evans Laboratory | Molecular biology of positive strand RNA viruses | Page 2
Sacbrood virus (SBV) and deformed wing virus (DWV) are evolutionarily related positive-strand RNA viruses, members of the Iflavirus group, which infect the honeybee Apis mellifera, but have strikingly different levels of virulence when transmitted orally. Honeybee larvae orally infected with SBV usually accumulate high levels of the virus, which halts larval development and causes insect death. In contrast, oral DWV infection at the larval stage usually causes asymptomatic infection with low levels of the virus, although high doses of ingested DWV could lead to DWV replicating to high levels. We investigated effects of DWV and SBV infection on the transcriptome of honeybee larvae and pupae using global RNA-Seq and real-time PCR analysis. This showed that high levels of SBV replication resulted in down-regulation of the genes involved in cuticle and muscle development, together with changes in expression of putative immune-related genes. In particular, honeybee larvae with high levels of SBV ...
Newly-Discovered Bacterium Helps Honey Bee LarvaeNewly-Discovered Bacterium Helps Honey Bee Larvae
Molecular biologist Vanessa Corby-Harris and microbial ecologist Kirk E. Anderson at the USDA-ARS Carl Hayden Bee Research Center in Tucson, Arizona, have named a new species of bacteria - Parasaccharibacter apium. An Acetobacteraceae so far found only in honey bees and their hives, it appears to give honey bee larvae a significantly better chance of surviving to become pupae ...
Transcriptome analysis of the honey bee fungal pathogen, Ascosphaera apis: implications for host pathogenesis.Transcriptome analysis of the honey bee fungal pathogen, Ascosphaera apis: implications for host pathogenesis.
We present a comprehensive transcriptome analysis of the fungus Ascosphaera apis, an economically important pathogen of the Western honey bee (Apis mellifera) that causes chalkbrood disease. Our goals were to further annotate the A. apis reference ge
Bee sting treatment, reaction and removal | Ehrlich Pest ControlBee sting treatment, reaction and removal | Ehrlich Pest Control
Bee stings can be dangerous. From bee sting reactions to bee sting treatments, get the answers to your questions here. Contact your local Ehrlich office to prevent bee stings.
Buy Stakich Raw Honey with Royal Jelly, Bee Pollen and Propolis - 40 oz - eVitamins AustraliaBuy Stakich Raw Honey with Royal Jelly, Bee Pollen and Propolis - 40 oz - eVitamins Australia
Best price in Australia on Stakich Raw Honey with Royal Jelly, Bee Pollen and Propolis - 40 oz from eVitamins.com. Find Raw Honey with Royal Jelly, Bee Pollen and Propolis reviews, side effects, coupons and more from eVitamins. Fast and reliable shipping to the Australia. Raw Honey with Royal Jelly, Bee Pollen and Propolis and other products by Stakich for all your health needs.
Effect of bacterial metabolites on microsporidian Nosema ceranae and on its host Apis mellifera | SpringerLinkEffect of bacterial metabolites on microsporidian Nosema ceranae and on its host Apis mellifera | SpringerLink
Nosemosis, a disease caused by a microsporidian infection, is one of the most frequently observed parasitic pathologies affecting adult honeybees. Presently, Nosema ceranae seems to be the main micros
Moira LinehanMoira Linehan
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Sir William Jardine, 7th BaronetSir William Jardine, 7th Baronet
United States House Agriculture Subcommittee on Biotechnology, Horticulture, and ResearchUnited States House Agriculture Subcommittee on Biotechnology, Horticulture, and Research
William Edward ShuckardWilliam Edward Shuckard
List of little penguin coloniesList of little penguin colonies
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HalictidaeHalictidae
Kevin OConnor (footballer, born 1982)Kevin O'Connor (footballer, born 1982)
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Euglossa hyacinthinaEuglossa hyacinthina
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History of Brentford F.C. (1986-present)History of Brentford F.C. (1986-present)
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BeesBee VenomsHoneyBeekeepingVarroidaePollinationColony CollapseNosemaPollenHierarchy, SocialFlight, AnimalPlant NectarAcaricidesPropolisNesting BehaviorHoming BehaviorAnimal CommunicationSocial BehaviorColoradoPaintingsAustriaDelivery, ObstetricSilicatesHome ChildbirthSchoolsEncyclopedias as TopicColubridaeSchool NursingHistory, 19th CenturySchools, MedicalBloggingBirdsDehumanizationPasseriformesAnimal MigrationFlowersGrooming
Blog Tag: bees | USDABlog Tag: bees | USDA
About Honey BeesAbout Honey Bees
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This page has been removed | The GuardianThis page has been removed | The Guardian
This page has been removed | The GuardianThis page has been removed | The Guardian
This page has been removed | The GuardianThis page has been removed | The Guardian
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AnatomyOrganismsChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureHumanitiesInformation ScienceHealth CareGeographicals
BeesBee VenomsHoneyBeekeepingVarroidaePollinationColony CollapseNosemaPollenHierarchy, SocialFlight, AnimalPlant NectarAcaricidesPropolisNesting BehaviorHoming BehaviorAnimal CommunicationSocial BehaviorColoradoPaintingsAustriaDelivery, ObstetricSilicatesHome ChildbirthSchoolsEncyclopedias as TopicColubridaeSchool NursingHistory, 19th CenturySchools, MedicalBloggingBirdsDehumanizationPasseriformesAnimal MigrationFlowersGrooming
ColoniesWorkerPollinatorsHiveApisPollinationBeekeepersPollenLarvaeInsectsHoneybeesPopulationsCropsPesticidesVarroaAdultKiller beesPollinateWaspsPesticideQueen beeForageInsectDroneBeekeeperColony CollapseDeclinesCombDeclineSwarmsMitesKeep BeesHumansSpecies of beesThreatFoundFemale beesForager beesBeekeepingDiseasesHoney bee colony
Colonies12
Worker22
Pollinators8
  • One-third of the food we eat requires pollinators, and commercial beekeepers transport honey bees hundreds of miles each year to pollinate almond trees and other crops. (usda.gov)
  • Researchers have been working for well over a decade to enhance the health of pollinators and now beekeepers, citizen scientists, and anyone interested in pollinator health can join in using a new online tool, Beescape . (usda.gov)
  • This is of great concern to the agriculture industry because about 75 percent of specialty crops depend on the services of pollinators - of which bees are the most economically important. (usda.gov)
  • Bees are the most important pollinators in the Northeastern United States, fertilizing plants as they fly from flower to flower on pollen-collecting missions. (amnh.org)
  • The assembled records document changes in the status of bee pollinators, including the sudden declines of several bumble bees,' Ascher said. (amnh.org)
  • Flowering strips - pollinator-friendly rows of plants that increase foraging habitat for bees - can help offset pollinator decline but may also bring risks of higher pathogen infection rates for pollinators foraging in those strips. (scitechdaily.com)
  • Bees are excellent pollinators for many of the plants that bear fruits, nuts and vegetables that humans consume daily. (propertymanagementinsider.com)
  • It's been an important issue for years, but events recently have catapulted pollinators to the top of many agencies' agendas," she said. (propertymanagementinsider.com)
Hive26
  • This mixture of chemicals is passed individually from bee to bee throughout the entire hive as they share food. (uaex.edu)
  • A honey bee that is away from the hive foraging for nectar or pollen will rarely sting, except when stepped on or roughly handled. (wikipedia.org)
  • Honey bees will actively seek out and sting when they perceive the hive to be threatened, often being alerted to this by the release of attack pheromones (below). (wikipedia.org)
  • The release of alarm pheromones near a hive may attract other bees to the location, where they will likewise exhibit defensive behaviors until there is no longer a threat, typically because the victim has either fled or been killed. (wikipedia.org)
  • The queen bee has a barbed but smoother stinger and can, if need be, sting skin-bearing creatures multiple times, but the queen does not leave the hive under normal conditions. (wikipedia.org)
  • The foragers spit out the nectar in the hive, where it is ingested by the hive bees. (haba.de)
  • The hive bees process the nectar in their honey stomachs and bring it to the honeycombs, where they deposit ripe honey. (haba.de)
  • Several plant protection products disturb the bees' sense of direction, so that they cannot return to their hive. (haba.de)
  • I tried the Warre method and didn't find that the bees were willing to build comb below the existing hive body. (gunsamerica.com)
  • I am stuck with my single Warre hive with bees in it, but from what I have experienced, they are a waste of time and energy. (gunsamerica.com)
  • I was not able to order one more hive worth of bees (which I'll explain below) last spring to start one of the Top Bar hives I purchased, but from what I can see, they have some of the same problems I experienced with the Warre hive. (gunsamerica.com)
  • Because there is no frame, the bees will attach part of the comb to the walls of the hive. (gunsamerica.com)
  • The forager bee then takes the nectar back to the hive, regurgitating the nectar directly into the crop of a "processor" bee at or near the entrance to the hive. (ncsu.edu)
  • While the forager heads back to the flowers for more nectar, the processor bee takes the nectar to the honeycomb, which tends to be near the top of the hive, and regurgitates it into a hexagonal wax cell. (ncsu.edu)
  • The queen bee has a smooth stinger and can, if need be, sting skin-bearing creatures multiple times, but the queen does not leave the hive under normal conditions. (atkinsinc.com)
  • The queen bee is the only egg laying bee in an entire hive. (oregonaitc.org)
  • Once the bee has come out of the cell, it must find food within a few hours or it runs the risk of not becoming a healthy and productive bee in the hive. (oregonaitc.org)
  • The bee population of a hive is made up of 15% drone bees. (oregonaitc.org)
  • Drones are the only male bees in the hive and they hatch from unfertilized eggs. (oregonaitc.org)
  • Drone bees leave the hive six days after emerging from their cell. (oregonaitc.org)
  • Varroa mites are parasites that take over a honey bee hive and feed on the products of adult bees, pupae, and larvae. (oregonaitc.org)
  • Honey bees will normally build a hive in an open covered area of your building where there is no insulation. (honeybeeremovalgeorgia.com)
  • If you believe you have a hive of honey bees in your Zebulon home more than likely they are in between the floors of your home. (honeybeeremovalgeorgia.com)
  • Our process for removing the honey bees is to go into the hive from underneath keeping your repair bill down with only drywall repair. (honeybeeremovalgeorgia.com)
  • The pollen is collected and brought to the hive, where the bees add enzymes and nectar to the pollen. (iherb.com)
  • The bees use the propolis, along with beeswax, to construct the hive. (iherb.com)
Apis7
Pollination9
Beekeepers5
  • This has been heartbreaking for beekeepers who often share a connection to their colony's. (change.org)
  • It currently costs $400 for beekeepers who have clearly been affected by Pesticides or these fast acting chemicals to have their bees tested? (change.org)
  • This may seem logical to many bee scientists, but may come as something as a shock for many beekeepers who believe that purchased queens are likely to be in some way "better" than the bees that they already have in their own hives. (bibba.com)
  • This phenomenon is also used to kill a queen perceived as intruding or defective, an action known to beekeepers as balling the queen, named for the ball of bees formed. (atkinsinc.com)
  • Dale Richter's The Buzz Fuzz and/or a team of beekeepers can remove honey bees and take them to a safe place. (honeybeeremovalgeorgia.com)
Pollen6
  • Not only the sweetness of honey , but also the tremendous health benefits offered by bee pollen, propolis, and royal jelly. (iherb.com)
  • Bee pollen comes from the male germ cell of flowering plants. (iherb.com)
  • It is important to recognize that one teaspoon of bee pollen would take a single bee working eight hours a day for one month to gather. (iherb.com)
  • Bee pollen is often referred to as "nature's most perfect food. (iherb.com)
  • In fact, bee pollen is higher in protein content than any animal source and about half of its protein is in the form of free amino acids that are ready to be used directly by the body. (iherb.com)
  • Little research has been done on bee pollen , probably because financial rewards to justify such an investment are lacking. (iherb.com)
Larvae4
Insects3
Honeybees3
Populations8
Crops5
  • Alaska saw increases in the number of farms with cut flowers, hogs, layers, vegetables, bees and honey, bedding plants, food crops grown under cover and more. (usda.gov)
  • Honey bee decline could not only lead to world economic losses but also be associated with an immense global health burden: a modelling analysis 4 indicated that pollinator loss causes a shortage of pollinator-dependent crops and their replacement with other crops may have implications for human health. (nature.com)
  • Bees don't just provide honey in Australia - they also pollinate many of our crops. (agriculture.gov.au)
  • Farmers are able to rent bee hives from outside businesses or other farmers in order to ensure that their crops are being pollinated at a rate that will provide the appropriate yield of their crop. (oregonaitc.org)
  • Honey bees were and still are sought after for their ability to pollinate many varieties of crops as well as their production of honey. (oregonaitc.org)
Pesticides3
Varroa3
Adult1
  • Like mentioned before, at this point in the growth of the bee is when the fat bodies like lipids, glycogen, amino acids, and mitochondria are used to help the pupa become an adult bee. (oregonaitc.org)
Killer bees2
Pollinate1
Wasps2
Pesticide4
  • Those bees that sometimes buzz around the pool area or outside apartment windows may appear to be an inconvenience to residents, but property owners need to think twice before getting out the swatter or planning a pesticide assault. (propertymanagementinsider.com)
  • Recent instances where bees were found to be killed by pesticide treatments have raised awareness that that these little food generators could be destroyed when aiming that sprayer. (propertymanagementinsider.com)
  • That incident was followed by the loss of thousands of bees near Minneapolis in September because of exposure to fipronil, another pesticide. (propertymanagementinsider.com)
  • NPMA says it's extremely important that the applicator know the potential pesticide toxicity to bees for the products that are being used. (propertymanagementinsider.com)
Queen bee9
  • The queen bee can be recognized by her abdomen, which is usually smooth and elongated, extending well beyond her folded wings. (uaex.edu)
  • A queen bee can live for up to five years, but her period of usefulness rarely exceeds two or three years. (uaex.edu)
  • If a queen bee is removed from a colony, the workers will notice her absence within several hours because of the drop in the level of this pheromone. (uaex.edu)
  • There is a queen bee, and she is the only bee that lays eggs, from which the offspring are hatched. (haba.de)
  • The queen bee is fed her diet for the entirety of her development stage. (oregonaitc.org)
  • This hormone helps the female bee when developing the anatomy of a queen bee. (oregonaitc.org)
  • Once the queen bee is developed her job is to mate with drone bees and lay eggs for the rest of her life span. (oregonaitc.org)
  • The normal life span of a queen bee is normally 2-5 years. (oregonaitc.org)
  • The main purpose of drone bees is to mate with the virgin or newly mated queen bee. (oregonaitc.org)
Forage2
  • In a prior study, we evaluated 15 plant species by putting the same amount of C. bombi on each, letting a bee forage, and then seeing whether and how bad of an infection it developed," said Lynn S. Adler, professor of biology at UMass Amherst and the corresponding author of the paper. (scitechdaily.com)
  • The bees were all infected with the same amount of pathogen and then allowed to forage, so the plants could increase or decrease infection," Adler said. (scitechdaily.com)
Insect4
Drone5
Beekeeper1
  • Many thanks to David Tarpy , associate professor of entomology at NC State and director of the Beekeeper Education & Engagement System , for taking the time to talk with me about bees and honey. (ncsu.edu)
Colony Collapse2
Declines1
  • Declines in honey bees and other bees have received a lot of attention in recent years, but it is not generally appreciated that bee species entirely new to science are still being discovered even within our largest cities. (amnh.org)
Comb5
  • The bees have to make the entire comb, and because there is no frame, if you damage the comb while extracting honey, which is usually the case, they have to make it all over again. (gunsamerica.com)
  • The bees thrived, but they really haven't been productive, despite months of feeding to build the initial comb. (gunsamerica.com)
  • What's in the comb seems to be a huge amount even for a healthy colony of say, 40,000 bees. (ncsu.edu)
  • In the case of some honey bees species in the wild, this takes the form of a 'Mexican wave' which spreads as a ripple across a layer of bees densely packed on the surface of a comb when a threat is perceived, and consists of bees momentarily arching their bodies and flicking their wings. (atkinsinc.com)
  • Nobody can say for sure, but those of us who are experimenting with sustainable beekeeping systems believe that the answer lies in a low-tech, low-impact approach, that allows bees to build comb according to their own design, eliminating the artificial constraints imposed on them by the use of frames and foundation. (honeybeeremovalgeorgia.com)
Decline2
Swarms1
Mites3
Keep Bees1
  • Learning to keep bees is not inexpensive, but it is a hobby that will pay you back dividends once you get going, and there is nothing mysterious about it. (gunsamerica.com)
Humans1
  • That makes bees critically valuable to humans' existence. (usda.gov)
Species of bees2
Threat1
  • Secondly, many people have pointed out that it's a bit much, at a time when bees are under threat , for a millionaire to kill them en-masse for a beauty treatment with no basis in logic or reality? (rawstory.com)
Found2
Female bees1
  • After the female bees hatch, they spend around 6 days in the larval stage. (oregonaitc.org)
Forager bees2
  • There are also guard bees, who protect the beehive against foreign invaders, and forager bees, who fly out to transport sweet plant nectars in a honey sack back to the beehive. (haba.de)
  • Some of these bees are "forager" bees, which collect nectar from flowering plants. (ncsu.edu)
Beekeeping1
Diseases3
Honey bee colony1
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Blog Tag: bees | USDA
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