Batroxobin
A proteolytic enzyme obtained from the venom of fer-de-lance (Bothrops atrox). It is used as a plasma clotting agent for fibrinogen and for the detection of fibrinogen degradation products. The presence of heparin does not interfere with the clotting test. Hemocoagulase is a mixture containing batroxobin and factor X activator. EC 3.4.21.-.
Calcium Gluconate
Crotalid Venoms
Venoms from snakes of the subfamily Crotalinae or pit vipers, found mostly in the Americas. They include the rattlesnake, cottonmouth, fer-de-lance, bushmaster, and American copperhead. Their venoms contain nontoxic proteins, cardio-, hemo-, cyto-, and neurotoxins, and many enzymes, especially phospholipases A. Many of the toxins have been characterized.
Fibrinopeptide A
Two small peptide chains removed from the N-terminal segment of the alpha chains of fibrinogen by the action of thrombin during the blood coagulation process. Each peptide chain contains 18 amino acid residues. In vivo, fibrinopeptide A is used as a marker to determine the rate of conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin by thrombin.
The contribution of residues 192 and 193 to the specificity of snake venom serine proteinases. (1/50)
Snake venom serine proteinases, which belong to the subfamily of trypsin-like serine proteinases, exhibit a high degree of sequence identity (60-66%). Their stringent macromolecular substrate specificity contrasts with that of the less specific enzyme trypsin. One of them, the plasminogen activator from Trimeresurus stejnegeri venom (TSV-PA), which shares 63% sequence identity with batroxobin, a fibrinogen clotting enzyme from Bothrops atrox venom, specifically activates plasminogen to plasmin like tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA), even though it exhibits only 23% sequence identity with t-PA. This study shows that TSV-PA, t-PA, and batroxobin are quite different in their specificity toward small chromogenic substrates, TSV-PA being less selective than t-PA, and batroxobin not being efficient at all. The specificity of TSV-PA, with respect to t-PA and batroxobin, was investigated further by site-directed mutagenesis in the 189-195 segment, which forms the basement of the S(1) pocket of TSV-PA and presents a His at position 192 and a unique Phe at position 193. This study demonstrates that Phe(193) plays a more significant role than His(192) in determining substrate specificity and inhibition resistance. Interestingly, the TSV-PA variant F193G possesses a 8-9-fold increased activity for plasminogen and becomes sensitive to bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor. (+info)Prevention of rat cerebral aneurysm formation by inhibition of nitric oxide synthase. (2/50)
BACKGROUND: Cerebral saccular aneurysm is a major cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage, one of the cerebrovascular diseases with the highest mortality. The mechanisms underlying the development of aneurysms, however, still remain unclear. We have made a series of reports on an animal model of experimentally induced cerebral aneurysms that resemble human cerebral aneurysms in their location and morphology, suggesting that the arterial wall degeneration associated with aneurysm formation develops near the apex of arterial bifurcation as a result of an increase in wall shear stress. Using the animal model and human specimens, we examined the role of nitric oxide (NO) in the degenerative changes and cerebral aneurysm formation. METHODS AND RESULTS: Inducible NO synthase (iNOS) was immunohistochemically located at the orifice of human and rat aneurysms. Nitrotyrosine distribution was also seen in the human aneurysm. Although no iNOS immunostaining was found in normal arteries, iNOS immunoreactivity was observed in parallel with the development of early aneurysmal changes in rats. In contrast, during the early development of aneurysm, endothelial NOS immunostaining in the endothelium was weakened compared with that in the control arteries. An NOS inhibitor, aminoguanidine, attenuated both early aneurysmal changes and the incidence of induced aneurysms. A defibrinogenic agent, batroxobin, which may diminish shear stress by reduction of blood viscosity, prevented iNOS induction as well as early aneurysmal changes. CONCLUSIONS: The evidence suggests that NO, particularly that derived from iNOS, is a key requirement for the development of cerebral aneurysm. The iNOS induction may be caused by an increase in shear stress near the apex. (+info)Effect of batroxobin against dog heart ischemia/reperfusion injury. (3/50)
AIM: To study the effect of batroxobin(Bat) on dog heart ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. METHODS: Dog heart I/R injury was induced by occluding the left anterior descending coronary artery for 30 min and restoring blood perfusion for 90 min. Bat was intravenously injected before heart ischemia and 15 min before reperfusion. Plasma creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and myocardial malondiaedehyde (MDA) concentrations were measured. The pathologic changes of I/R myocardium were observed. RESULTS: Bat reduced the mortality rate of I/R dog (I/R group 65.0% vs Bat-I group 30.0% and Bat-II group 28.6%, P < 0.05). Myocytes of I/R heart showed intracellular edema, damaged mitochondria, and concentrated nucleus. Bat decreased these changes. In Bat-I and Bat-II group, plasma CK and LDH level were reduced, the +dp/dtmax and -dp/dtmax at 30 min after ischemia and 90 min after reperfusion were elevated, and left ventricular end dilation pressure (LVEDP) was lowered. The myocardial MDA contents were decreased by 42.3% and 38.1% (P < 0.01) in Bat-I and Bat-II group, respectively. CONCLUSION: Bat may exert an apparent role against dog heart ischemia/reperfusion injury and improve myocardial function. (+info)Influence of batroxobin on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in gerbils. (4/50)
AIM: To study the effects of batroxobin (Bat) on neurons survival, neurobehavioral test, ATP levels and hydroxyl radical outputs in hippocampus during forebrain ischemia-reperfusion in gerbils. METHODS: The forebrain ischemia was induced by occluding the bilateral common carotid arteries for 10 min in gerbils, and ATP levels and 2, 3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA) outputs were assayed by HPLC. The neurons survival were assessed by histology, and behavioral tests of gerbils were assessed by open field test. RESULTS: The number of neurons survival in Ir at d 7 postischemic insult were (7 +/- 4)% of sham-operated gerbils, much less than that in Bat (45 +/- 16)%. The levels of explore activities of ischemic gerbils was 175% and 159% of sham-operated gerbils at d 3 and d 6 postischemic insult, much more than that in Bat (120% d 3 and 140% d 6). Hippocampal ATP levels in Ir were 64% of sham-operated gerbils at reperfusion 60 min, much less than that in Bat I and II (82% and 89% respectively). The hippocampal 2,3-DHBA outputs in Ir increased by 4.5 folds of sham-operated gerbils at reperfusion 60 min, but the 2,3-DHBA outputs in Bat I and Bat II were only 2.6 and 2.4 folds respectively. CONCLUSION: Bat possesses the inhibitory effects on DND and OH. production following cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in gerbils. (+info)GAP-43 expression and pathological changes of temporal infarction in rats and effects of batroxobin. (5/50)
To study the changes of the expression of growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43) and pathology in temporal infarction of rats photochemically induced and the effects of batroxobin. METHODS: Immunohistochemical technique and hematoxylin-eosin stain was used to show the changes of the expression of GAP-43 and pathology. RESULTS: In infarction group, GAP-43 expression was markedly increased on the infarction and surrounding tissues at 24 h cerebral infarction. The expression reached peak level at 72 h after cerebral infarction and was decreased at 7 d after cerebral infarction. However, in batroxobin-treated group, GAP-43 expression was increased and the pathological changes were much slight as compared with infarction group. CONCLUSION: The expression of GAP-43 increases in infarction of temporal neocortex and batroxobin promotes the expression of GAP-43 and ameliorates the pathological changes in infarction of temporal neocortex. (+info)Recombinant BbetaArg14His fibrinogen implies participation of N-terminus of Bbeta chain in desA fibrin polymerization. (6/50)
We synthesized BbetaArg14His fibrinogen with histidine substituted for arginine at the Bbeta thrombin-cleavage site. This substitution led to a 300-fold decrease in the rate of thrombin-catalyzed fibrinopeptide B (FpB, Bbeta 1-14) release, whereas the rate of FpA release was normal with either thrombin or the FpA-specific enzyme, batroxobin. Both thrombin- and batroxobincatalyzed polymerization of BbetaArg14His fibrinogen were significantly impaired, with a longer lag time, slower rate of lateral aggregation, and decreased final turbidity. Moreover, desA monomer polymerization was similarly impaired, demonstrating that the histidine substitution itself, and not the lack of FpB cleavage, caused the abnormal polymerization of BbetaArg14His fibrin. Scanning electron microscopy showed BbetaArg14His fibrin fibers were thinner than normal (BbetaArg14His, approximately 70 nm; normal, approximately 100 nm; P <.0001), as expected from the decreased final turbidity. We conclude that the N-terminus of the Bbeta chain is involved in the lateral aggregation of normal desAprotofibrils and that the Arg-->His substitution disrupts these interactions in BbetaArg14His fibrinogen. (+info)Thrombolytic actions of reptilase. (7/50)
In thrombolytic model in vitro, reptilase (Rep, defibrase) did not show appreciable thrombolytic actions on red and white thrombi. After daily iv infusion of Rep 0.25 IU for 10 d, the time of 50% lysis of euglobulin (ELT1/2) was shortened from 9.3 +/- 0.8 to 6.7 +/- 1.0 h (P < 0.01), alteplase activity was increased from 1.9 +/- 0.7 to 3.7 +/- 0.9 IU.ml-1, and plasminogen inactivator (PI) activity reduced from 4.3 +/- 0.6 to 1.8 +/- 0.9 AU.ml-1 (all P < 0.01). The findings indicate that the thrombolytic action of Rep shown in vivo may not be from the direct action on thrombi but from the influence on alteplase and PI activity. (+info)Detection of soluble intermediates of the fibrinogen-fibrin conversion using erythrocytes coated with fibrin monomers. (8/50)
The presence of minimal amounts of fibrinogen-fibrin intermediates in human plasma was visualized by an agglutination reaction of glutaraldehyde-treated human erythrocytes coated with purified fibrin monomers. A degree of monomer coating was established which produced erythrocytes not agglutinated by normal plasma but by plasma containing minimal amounts of soluble complexes of fibrinogen with fibrin monomers. Under standardized conditions of coating, erythrocyte concentration, temperature, pH, and incubation time, the agglutination time varied with the ratio of soluble fibrin to fibrinogen in plasma. The test was sensitive down to a soluble fibrin concentration of 0.675% of the plasma fibrinogen concentration. Early fibrinogen and fibrin degradation products (FDP) in the plasma led to a prolongation of the agglutination time at a concentration of more than 16 mg/100 ml. Late FDP in a concentration of 100 mg/100 ml did not convert a positive test to negative. The test was not affected by heparin and protamine at concentrations of up to 12.5 and 50 NIH units/ml, respectively. (+info)
Batroxobin - Wikipedia
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Usage information: Effects of fibrinogen derivatives upon the inflammatory response. Studies with human fibrinopeptide B.
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Batroxobin
... also has a high Kd value for binding both forms yA/yA and yA/y'. The bindings sites of batroxobin and thrombin ... The venom batroxobin also induces clots, but does this with or without tissue damage. This is because batroxobin isn't ... Batroxobin is excreted by the liver, kidney and spleen. The excretion of batroxobin can be detected by small metabolite ... Batroxobin is a protein of the serine protease family. Batroxobin is closely related in physiological function and molecular ...
Venombin A
Alternatively, batroxobin is also used as a topical hemostatic by its rapid local clot-expansion action. Nolan C, Hall LS, ... Itoh N, Tanaka N, Funakoshi I, Kawasaki T, Mihashi S, Yamashina I (June 1988). "Organization of the gene for batroxobin, a ... Vu, TT; Stafford, AR; Leslie, BA; Kim, PY; Fredenburgh, JC; Weitz, JI (7 June 2013). "Batroxobin binds fibrin with higher ... Examples include ancrod and batroxobin, two serine proteases from snakes that have been used in medical preparations.[citation ...
Thrombin time
Batroxobin has a similar action to thrombin but unlike thrombin it is not inhibited by heparin. Normal values for thrombin time ... If batroxobin is used, the time should be between 15 and 20 seconds. Thrombin time can be prolonged by heparin, fibrin ... In blood samples containing heparin, a substance derived from snake venom called batroxobin (formerly reptilase) is used ...
Ancrod
Batroxobin, another medical snake venom serine protease ""Eye On" report: Neurobiological Technologies, Inc" (PDF). Prohost ...
Anticoagulant
Batroxobin, a toxin from a snake venom, clots platelet-rich plasma without affecting platelet functions (cleaves fibrinogen). ...
Venoms in medicine
Batroxobin from B atrox is used as a drug called "Reptilase" that is used to stop bleeding, while batroxobin from B moojeni is ... Batroxobin, is a serine protease found in snake venom produced by Bothrops atrox and Bothrops moojeni, venomous species of pit ... It is also used in a system called "Vivostat", where a person's blood is taken just before surgery and exposed to batroxobin; ...
ATC code B02
Coagulation factor X B02BD14 Susoctocog alfa B02BD30 Thrombin B02BX01 Etamsylate B02BX02 Carbazochrome B02BX03 Batroxobin ...
Bothrops atrox
... batroxobin), derived from this snake's venom, is used in modern medical laboratories to measure fibrinogen levels and blood ...
List of MeSH codes (D08)
... batroxobin MeSH D08.811.277.656.300.775 - streptokinase MeSH D08.811.277.656.300.775.075 - anistreplase MeSH D08.811.277.656. ...
List of MeSH codes (D20)
... batroxobin MeSH D20.888.850.960.200.210 - crotoxin MeSH D20.944.380 - hazardous waste MeSH D20.944.380.638 - radioactive waste ...
List of MeSH codes (D23)
... batroxobin MeSH D23.946.833.850.960.200.210 - crotoxin MeSH D23.946.896.980 - virulence factors, bordetella MeSH D23.946. ...
List of drugs: Ba
Batroxobin (INN) Bavisant (INN, (USAN) Bavituximab (USAN, INN) Baxitozine (INN) Baycol BayGam BayHep B Baypress BayRab BayTet ...
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DeCS - Changed terms
DeCS - Changed terms
DeCS - Changed terms
DeCS
Batroxobin - Preferred Concept UI. M0018820. Scope note. A proteolytic enzyme obtained from the venom of fer-de-lance (Bothrops ... 2000; see REPTILASE 1991-1999; see SERINE PROTEINASES 1975-1990; for BATROXOBIN see REPTILASE 1982-199; PLASMOCOAGULASE was ... Hemocoagulase is a mixture containing batroxobin and factor X activator. EC 3.4.21.-. ... Hemocoagulase is a mixture containing batroxobin and factor X activator. EC 3.4.21.-.. ...
DeCS - Changed terms
DeCS - Changed terms
DeCS - Changed terms
DeCS - Changed terms
DeCS - Changed terms
DeCS - Changed terms
DeCS - Changed terms
DeCS - Changed terms
DeCS - Changed terms
DeCS - Changed terms
DeCS - Changed terms
Snake venom is the special ingredient in new life-saving super glue
Nicotine poisoning - Wikipedia
The LD50 of nicotine is 50 mg/kg for rats and 3 mg/kg for mice. 0.5-1.0 mg/kg can be a lethal dosage for adult humans, and 0.1 mg/kg for children.[19][20] However the widely used human LD50 estimate of 0.5-1.0 mg/kg was questioned in a 2013 review, in light of several documented cases of humans surviving much higher doses; the 2013 review suggests that the lower limit causing fatal outcomes is 500-1000 mg of ingested nicotine, corresponding to 6.5-13 mg/kg orally.[21] An accidental ingestion of only 6 mg may be lethal to children.[22] It is unlikely that a person would overdose on nicotine through smoking alone. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) stated in 2013: "There are no significant safety concerns associated with using more than one [over the counter] OTC [nicotine replacement therapy] NRT at the same time, or using an OTC NRT at the same time as another nicotine-containing product-including a cigarette."[23][24][25] Ingestion of nicotine pharmaceuticals, tobacco products, or ...
Pesquisa | Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde - BRASIL
... patients in the batroxobin group underwent intravenous batroxobin for a total of three times. RESULTS: In the batroxobin group ... Batroxobin in combination with anticoagulation may promote venous sinus recanalization in cerebral venous thrombosis: A real- ... The patients were divided into batroxobin (n = 21) and control groups (n = 10). In addition to the same standard ... with batroxobin treatment. We further noted a higher ratio of patients with the attenuation of stenosis [adjusted OR (95%CI) of ...
Therapeutic potential of venom peptides: insights in the nanoparticle-mediated venom formulations | Future Journal of...
Batroxobin from venom of Bothrops atrox is an example of toxin-based drug used for the treatment of heart diseases which is ... Examples of defibrinogenating agent are Ancrod from Agkistrodon rhodostoma [119] and Batroxobin from Bothrops atrox [120]. They ... You W-K, Choi W-S, Koh Y-S et al (2004) Functional characterization of recombinant batroxobin, a snake venom thrombin-like ... This study suggests that recombinant batroxobin is a potential candidate as a pro-coagulant agent [140]. ACTX-6 a cytotoxic ...
Serine protease ~ VenomZone
Factor IX - wikidoc
The N-terminal EGF domain has been shown to at least in part be responsible for binding tissue factor.[6] Wilkinson et al. conclude that residues 88 to 109 of the second EGF domain mediate binding to platelets and assembly of the factor X activating complex.[7] The structures of all four domains have been solved. A structure of the two EGF domains and the trypsin-like domain was determined for the pig protein.[8] The structure of the Gla domain, which is responsible for Ca(II)-dependent phospholipid binding, was also determined by NMR.[9] Several structures of super active mutants have been solved,[10] which reveal the nature of factor IX activation by other proteins in the clotting cascade. ...
Reptilase1
- The active ingredient in the glue is batroxobin (also known as reptilase), a blood-clotting enzyme from the venom of lancehead snakes . (optimistdaily.com)
Enzyme1
- 2. Stocker, K. and Barlow, G.H. The coagulant enzyme from Bothrops atrox venom (batroxobin). (qmul.ac.uk)
Botropase1
- To evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of Batroxobin (botropase),Tranexamic acid(TXA) and their combination in reduction of perioperative blood loss in lumbar spine single level fusion surgeries. (transfusionevidencelibrary.com)
Glue1
- To make the surgical glue, the scientists combined batroxobin with modified gelatin. (optimistdaily.com)
Reduction1
- Within minutes of administration of batroxobin, there is a significant selleck Dorsomorphin reduction in plasma fibrinogen levels, and these remain exceedingly low with repeated administration (once or twice daily). (vegfr-3inhibitor.com)
Heparin1
- Low-molecular-weight heparin and batroxobin were administered instead. (medscape.com)
Fibrinogen2
- A study by Ha et al indicated that when measuring functional fibrinogen in plasma, a batroxobin-based assay can serve as a good alternative to the traditional thrombin-based fibrinogen test. (medscape.com)
- Batroxobin Based Method to Measure Fibrinogen to Overcome Interfering Effects of New Anticoagulant Agents Targeting Thrombin. (medscape.com)
Hemocoagulase2
- Hemocoagulase is a mixture containing batroxobin and factor X activator. (lookformedical.com)
- As the first recombinant hemocoagulase in China, "Recombinant Batroxobin for Injection" is the only hemocoagulase drug produced by the genetic engineering synthesis, which makes it unique. (gmsanjorge.com)
Venom2
- Batroxobin, a serine protease derived from the venom of the pit viper Bothrops atrox , is a potent thrombolytic agent approved in China and Japan. (medscape.com)
- The material uses a venom produced by two species of South American pit viper called batroxobin, and it can be can be injected as a liquid. (futurism.com)
Test2
- Bivalirudin and other anticoagulants that target thrombin were found not to interfere with the batroxobin-based test. (medscape.com)
- The test can be done with Batroxobin, see here. (standardtoday.co.uk)
Drug1
- batroxobin (DEFIBRASE), a drug that cleaves A? (drugcartels.news)