A proteolytic enzyme obtained from the venom of fer-de-lance (Bothrops atrox). It is used as a plasma clotting agent for fibrinogen and for the detection of fibrinogen degradation products. The presence of heparin does not interfere with the clotting test. Hemocoagulase is a mixture containing batroxobin and factor X activator. EC 3.4.21.-.
The calcium salt of gluconic acid. The compound has a variety of uses, including its use as a calcium replenisher in hypocalcemic states.
Venoms from snakes of the subfamily Crotalinae or pit vipers, found mostly in the Americas. They include the rattlesnake, cottonmouth, fer-de-lance, bushmaster, and American copperhead. Their venoms contain nontoxic proteins, cardio-, hemo-, cyto-, and neurotoxins, and many enzymes, especially phospholipases A. Many of the toxins have been characterized.
Two small peptide chains removed from the N-terminal segment of the alpha chains of fibrinogen by the action of thrombin during the blood coagulation process. Each peptide chain contains 18 amino acid residues. In vivo, fibrinopeptide A is used as a marker to determine the rate of conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin by thrombin.
Limbless REPTILES of the suborder Serpentes.

The contribution of residues 192 and 193 to the specificity of snake venom serine proteinases. (1/50)

Snake venom serine proteinases, which belong to the subfamily of trypsin-like serine proteinases, exhibit a high degree of sequence identity (60-66%). Their stringent macromolecular substrate specificity contrasts with that of the less specific enzyme trypsin. One of them, the plasminogen activator from Trimeresurus stejnegeri venom (TSV-PA), which shares 63% sequence identity with batroxobin, a fibrinogen clotting enzyme from Bothrops atrox venom, specifically activates plasminogen to plasmin like tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA), even though it exhibits only 23% sequence identity with t-PA. This study shows that TSV-PA, t-PA, and batroxobin are quite different in their specificity toward small chromogenic substrates, TSV-PA being less selective than t-PA, and batroxobin not being efficient at all. The specificity of TSV-PA, with respect to t-PA and batroxobin, was investigated further by site-directed mutagenesis in the 189-195 segment, which forms the basement of the S(1) pocket of TSV-PA and presents a His at position 192 and a unique Phe at position 193. This study demonstrates that Phe(193) plays a more significant role than His(192) in determining substrate specificity and inhibition resistance. Interestingly, the TSV-PA variant F193G possesses a 8-9-fold increased activity for plasminogen and becomes sensitive to bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor.  (+info)

Prevention of rat cerebral aneurysm formation by inhibition of nitric oxide synthase. (2/50)

BACKGROUND: Cerebral saccular aneurysm is a major cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage, one of the cerebrovascular diseases with the highest mortality. The mechanisms underlying the development of aneurysms, however, still remain unclear. We have made a series of reports on an animal model of experimentally induced cerebral aneurysms that resemble human cerebral aneurysms in their location and morphology, suggesting that the arterial wall degeneration associated with aneurysm formation develops near the apex of arterial bifurcation as a result of an increase in wall shear stress. Using the animal model and human specimens, we examined the role of nitric oxide (NO) in the degenerative changes and cerebral aneurysm formation. METHODS AND RESULTS: Inducible NO synthase (iNOS) was immunohistochemically located at the orifice of human and rat aneurysms. Nitrotyrosine distribution was also seen in the human aneurysm. Although no iNOS immunostaining was found in normal arteries, iNOS immunoreactivity was observed in parallel with the development of early aneurysmal changes in rats. In contrast, during the early development of aneurysm, endothelial NOS immunostaining in the endothelium was weakened compared with that in the control arteries. An NOS inhibitor, aminoguanidine, attenuated both early aneurysmal changes and the incidence of induced aneurysms. A defibrinogenic agent, batroxobin, which may diminish shear stress by reduction of blood viscosity, prevented iNOS induction as well as early aneurysmal changes. CONCLUSIONS: The evidence suggests that NO, particularly that derived from iNOS, is a key requirement for the development of cerebral aneurysm. The iNOS induction may be caused by an increase in shear stress near the apex.  (+info)

Effect of batroxobin against dog heart ischemia/reperfusion injury. (3/50)

AIM: To study the effect of batroxobin(Bat) on dog heart ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. METHODS: Dog heart I/R injury was induced by occluding the left anterior descending coronary artery for 30 min and restoring blood perfusion for 90 min. Bat was intravenously injected before heart ischemia and 15 min before reperfusion. Plasma creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and myocardial malondiaedehyde (MDA) concentrations were measured. The pathologic changes of I/R myocardium were observed. RESULTS: Bat reduced the mortality rate of I/R dog (I/R group 65.0% vs Bat-I group 30.0% and Bat-II group 28.6%, P < 0.05). Myocytes of I/R heart showed intracellular edema, damaged mitochondria, and concentrated nucleus. Bat decreased these changes. In Bat-I and Bat-II group, plasma CK and LDH level were reduced, the +dp/dtmax and -dp/dtmax at 30 min after ischemia and 90 min after reperfusion were elevated, and left ventricular end dilation pressure (LVEDP) was lowered. The myocardial MDA contents were decreased by 42.3% and 38.1% (P < 0.01) in Bat-I and Bat-II group, respectively. CONCLUSION: Bat may exert an apparent role against dog heart ischemia/reperfusion injury and improve myocardial function.  (+info)

Influence of batroxobin on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in gerbils. (4/50)

AIM: To study the effects of batroxobin (Bat) on neurons survival, neurobehavioral test, ATP levels and hydroxyl radical outputs in hippocampus during forebrain ischemia-reperfusion in gerbils. METHODS: The forebrain ischemia was induced by occluding the bilateral common carotid arteries for 10 min in gerbils, and ATP levels and 2, 3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA) outputs were assayed by HPLC. The neurons survival were assessed by histology, and behavioral tests of gerbils were assessed by open field test. RESULTS: The number of neurons survival in Ir at d 7 postischemic insult were (7 +/- 4)% of sham-operated gerbils, much less than that in Bat (45 +/- 16)%. The levels of explore activities of ischemic gerbils was 175% and 159% of sham-operated gerbils at d 3 and d 6 postischemic insult, much more than that in Bat (120% d 3 and 140% d 6). Hippocampal ATP levels in Ir were 64% of sham-operated gerbils at reperfusion 60 min, much less than that in Bat I and II (82% and 89% respectively). The hippocampal 2,3-DHBA outputs in Ir increased by 4.5 folds of sham-operated gerbils at reperfusion 60 min, but the 2,3-DHBA outputs in Bat I and Bat II were only 2.6 and 2.4 folds respectively. CONCLUSION: Bat possesses the inhibitory effects on DND and OH. production following cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in gerbils.  (+info)

GAP-43 expression and pathological changes of temporal infarction in rats and effects of batroxobin. (5/50)

To study the changes of the expression of growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43) and pathology in temporal infarction of rats photochemically induced and the effects of batroxobin. METHODS: Immunohistochemical technique and hematoxylin-eosin stain was used to show the changes of the expression of GAP-43 and pathology. RESULTS: In infarction group, GAP-43 expression was markedly increased on the infarction and surrounding tissues at 24 h cerebral infarction. The expression reached peak level at 72 h after cerebral infarction and was decreased at 7 d after cerebral infarction. However, in batroxobin-treated group, GAP-43 expression was increased and the pathological changes were much slight as compared with infarction group. CONCLUSION: The expression of GAP-43 increases in infarction of temporal neocortex and batroxobin promotes the expression of GAP-43 and ameliorates the pathological changes in infarction of temporal neocortex.  (+info)

Recombinant BbetaArg14His fibrinogen implies participation of N-terminus of Bbeta chain in desA fibrin polymerization. (6/50)

We synthesized BbetaArg14His fibrinogen with histidine substituted for arginine at the Bbeta thrombin-cleavage site. This substitution led to a 300-fold decrease in the rate of thrombin-catalyzed fibrinopeptide B (FpB, Bbeta 1-14) release, whereas the rate of FpA release was normal with either thrombin or the FpA-specific enzyme, batroxobin. Both thrombin- and batroxobincatalyzed polymerization of BbetaArg14His fibrinogen were significantly impaired, with a longer lag time, slower rate of lateral aggregation, and decreased final turbidity. Moreover, desA monomer polymerization was similarly impaired, demonstrating that the histidine substitution itself, and not the lack of FpB cleavage, caused the abnormal polymerization of BbetaArg14His fibrin. Scanning electron microscopy showed BbetaArg14His fibrin fibers were thinner than normal (BbetaArg14His, approximately 70 nm; normal, approximately 100 nm; P <.0001), as expected from the decreased final turbidity. We conclude that the N-terminus of the Bbeta chain is involved in the lateral aggregation of normal desAprotofibrils and that the Arg-->His substitution disrupts these interactions in BbetaArg14His fibrinogen.  (+info)

Thrombolytic actions of reptilase. (7/50)

In thrombolytic model in vitro, reptilase (Rep, defibrase) did not show appreciable thrombolytic actions on red and white thrombi. After daily iv infusion of Rep 0.25 IU for 10 d, the time of 50% lysis of euglobulin (ELT1/2) was shortened from 9.3 +/- 0.8 to 6.7 +/- 1.0 h (P < 0.01), alteplase activity was increased from 1.9 +/- 0.7 to 3.7 +/- 0.9 IU.ml-1, and plasminogen inactivator (PI) activity reduced from 4.3 +/- 0.6 to 1.8 +/- 0.9 AU.ml-1 (all P < 0.01). The findings indicate that the thrombolytic action of Rep shown in vivo may not be from the direct action on thrombi but from the influence on alteplase and PI activity.  (+info)

Detection of soluble intermediates of the fibrinogen-fibrin conversion using erythrocytes coated with fibrin monomers. (8/50)

The presence of minimal amounts of fibrinogen-fibrin intermediates in human plasma was visualized by an agglutination reaction of glutaraldehyde-treated human erythrocytes coated with purified fibrin monomers. A degree of monomer coating was established which produced erythrocytes not agglutinated by normal plasma but by plasma containing minimal amounts of soluble complexes of fibrinogen with fibrin monomers. Under standardized conditions of coating, erythrocyte concentration, temperature, pH, and incubation time, the agglutination time varied with the ratio of soluble fibrin to fibrinogen in plasma. The test was sensitive down to a soluble fibrin concentration of 0.675% of the plasma fibrinogen concentration. Early fibrinogen and fibrin degradation products (FDP) in the plasma led to a prolongation of the agglutination time at a concentration of more than 16 mg/100 ml. Late FDP in a concentration of 100 mg/100 ml did not convert a positive test to negative. The test was not affected by heparin and protamine at concentrations of up to 12.5 and 50 NIH units/ml, respectively.  (+info)

Batroxobin, also known as reptilase, is a snake venom produced by Bothrops atrox and Bothrops moojeni, venomous species of pit viper found east of the Andes in South America. It is a hemotoxin which acts as a serine protease closely related to thrombin, and has been the subject of many medical studies as a replacement of thrombin. Different enzymes, isolated from different species of Bothrops, have been called batroxobin, but unless stated otherwise, this article covers the batroxobin produced by B. moojeni, as this is the most studied variety. Bothrops atrox was described by Carl Linnaeus as early as 1758, but batroxobin, the active compound in its venom, was first described only in 1954 by H. Bruck and G. Salem. In the years following, this first description of batroxobin was shown to have several uses in surgery. Because of the increasing interest in the properties of batroxobin, several studies on its hemostatic effect and coagulation have been published. More recently, in 1979, a German ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Effect of single intravenous administration of batroxobin on erythrocyte aggregability in patients with acute-stage cerebral infarction. AU - Tanahashi, N.. AU - Fukuuchi, Y.. AU - Tomita, M.. AU - Kobari, M.. AU - Takeda, H.. AU - Yokoyama, M.. AU - Itoh, D.. PY - 1995/1/1. Y1 - 1995/1/1. N2 - We examined the effect of defibrinogenation with batroxobin on the erythrocyte aggregability (RBC-A) in 16 patients with cerebral infarction during the acute phase (less than 72 hours after onset). Eight patients received a single intravenous administration of 10 units of batroxobin (BU), while the other 8 patients received 5 BU. The RBC-A was examined using the whole-blood erythrocyte aggregometer developed by us (Am. J. Physiol. 251, H1205-H1210, 1986) with concomitant measurement of the hematocrit, albumin:globulin ratio and concentration of fibrinogen. The RBC-A values before, and at 1,2, and 7 days after 10 BU administration were 0.154±0.017/s, 0.117±0.029/s (76% of the value before ...
Its interesting that you can take something so deadly and turn it into something that has the potential to save lives, said Rice chemist Jeffrey Hartgerink.. Batroxobin is a haemotoxin that has similar properties to thrombin, a naturally occurring enzyme in humans that plays an important role in clotting. First recognised in 1936 for its coagulant capabilities, batroxobin is particularly useful for treating patients who have taken the anti-coagulant drug heparin.. Theres a lot of different things that can trigger blood coagulation, but when youre on heparin, most of them dont work, or they work slowly or poorly, Hartgerink said in a statement.. This is important because surgical bleeding in patients taking heparin can be a serious problem. The use of batroxobin allows us to get around this problem because it can immediately start the clotting process, regardless of whether heparin is there or not.. ...
Introduction: Snake venom is adapted saliva that is formed by distinct glands of only certain species of snakes. The gland which secretes ...
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2014 (English)In: Journal of Investigative Dermatology, ISSN 0022-202X, E-ISSN 1523-1747, Vol. 134, S81-S81 p.Article in journal, Meeting abstract (Other academic) Published ...
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The thrombin time (TT), also known as the thrombin clotting time (TCT) is a blood test that measures the time it takes for a clot to form in the plasma of a blood sample containing anticoagulant, after an excess of thrombin has been added. It is used to diagnose blood coagulation disorders and to assess the effectiveness of fibrinolytic therapy. This test is repeated with pooled plasma from normal patients. The difference in time between the test and the normal indicates an abnormality in the conversion of fibrinogen (a soluble protein) to fibrin, an insoluble protein. The thrombin time compares the rate of clot formation to that of a sample of normal pooled plasma. Thrombin is added to the samples of plasma. If the time it takes for the plasma to clot is prolonged, a quantitative (fibrinogen deficiency) or qualitative (dysfunctional fibrinogen) defect is present. In blood samples containing heparin, a substance derived from snake venom called batroxobin (formerly reptilase) is used instead of ...
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Envenomation by Bothrops species results, among other symptoms, in hemostatic disturbances. These changes can be ascribed to the presence of enzymes, primarily serine proteinases some of which are structurally similar to thrombin and specifically cleave fibrinogen releasing fibrinopeptides. A rapid, three-step, chromatographic procedure was developed to routinely purify serine proteinases from the venoms of Bothrops alternatus and Bothrops moojeni. The serine proteinase from B. alternatus displays an apparent molecular mass of similar to 32 kDa whereas the two closely related serine proteinases from B. moojeni display apparent molecular masses of similar to 32 kDa and similar to 35 kDa in SDS-PAGE gels. The partial sequences indicated that these enzymes share high identity with serine proteinases from the venoms of other Bothrops species. These proteins coagulate plasma and possess fibrinogenolytic activity but lack fibrinolytic activity. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.. ...
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Fibrin formation and turnover are intimately associated with inflammation and wound healing. To explore whether fibrin(ogen)-derived peptides exert direct effects upon cells involved in inflammation and tissue repair we examined the capacity of human fibrinopeptide B (hFpB), a thrombin-derived proteolytic cleavage product of the fibrinogen B beta-chain, to stimulate neutrophils (PMN), monocytes, and fibroblasts. hFpB caused directed cell migration of PMN and fibroblasts that was optimal at approximately 10(-8) M. This chemotactic activity was blocked by preincubating hFpB with antiserum to hFpB. hFpB was not chemotactic for monocytes. The chemotactic potency of hFpB for PMN was equivalent to that of anaphylatoxin from the fifth component of human complement (C5a), leukotriene B4 (LTB4), and formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP), and for fibroblasts its chemotactic activity was comparable to that of platelet-derived growth factor. hFpB did not interact with PMN receptors for C5a, LTB4, or ...
Fibrin formation and turnover are intimately associated with inflammation and wound healing. To explore whether fibrin(ogen)-derived peptides exert direct effects upon cells involved in inflammation and tissue repair we examined the capacity of human fibrinopeptide B (hFpB), a thrombin-derived proteolytic cleavage product of the fibrinogen B beta-chain, to stimulate neutrophils (PMN), monocytes, and fibroblasts. hFpB caused directed cell migration of PMN and fibroblasts that was optimal at approximately 10(-8) M. This chemotactic activity was blocked by preincubating hFpB with antiserum to hFpB. hFpB was not chemotactic for monocytes. The chemotactic potency of hFpB for PMN was equivalent to that of anaphylatoxin from the fifth component of human complement (C5a), leukotriene B4 (LTB4), and formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP), and for fibroblasts its chemotactic activity was comparable to that of platelet-derived growth factor. hFpB did not interact with PMN receptors for C5a, LTB4, or ...
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TY - JOUR. T1 - Mortality in Acute Cerebral Infarction in Young Adults-A Ten-Year Experience. AU - Biller, José. AU - Adams, Harold P.. AU - Bruno, Askiel. AU - Love, Betsy B.. AU - Marsh, E. Eugene. PY - 1991/1/1. Y1 - 1991/1/1. N2 - We reviewed the one-month mortality among 213 patients aged fifteen to forty-five years (mean thirty-five) with acute cerebral infarction (CI) evaluated during the period July 1, 1977, to February 1, 1988. Atherosclerotic cerebral infarction (ACI) was diagnosed in 59 (27.7%) patients, 53 (24.9%) had non- atherosclerotic vasculopathies (NAV); 46 (21.6%) had cardioembolic infarcts (CEI). Hematologically related disorders were diagnosed in 30 (14.1%) patients; the cause of CI could not be established in 25 (11.7%) patients. Fourteen patients (9 men, 5 women, mean age 34.8 years), (6.6%) died within thirty days of their CI: 7 had CEI (7/46, 15.2%); 4 had ACI (4/59, 6.7%); and 3 had NAV (3/53, 5.6%). Our data suggest that young patients with acute CI have a thirty-day ...
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Bone mineral component; cofactor in enzymatic reactions, essential for neurotransmission, muscle contraction, and many signal transduction pathways ...
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RATIONALE: Calcium gluconate and magnesium sulfate may prevent or lessen neurotoxicity caused by oxaliplatin. It is not yet known whether calcium gluconate and magnesium sulfate are more effective than a placebo in preventing neurotoxicity caused by oxaliplatin in patients receiving combination chemotherapy.. PURPOSE: This randomized phase III trial is studying calcium gluconate and magnesium sulfate to see how well they work compared to a placebo in preventing neurotoxicity caused by oxaliplatin in patients receiving combination chemotherapy for stage II, stage III, or stage IV colorectal cancer that has been completely removed by surgery. ...
RATIONALE: Calcium gluconate and magnesium sulfate may prevent or lessen neurotoxicity caused by oxaliplatin. It is not yet known whether calcium gluconate and magnesium sulfate are more effective than a placebo in preventing neurotoxicity caused by oxaliplatin in patients receiving combination chemotherapy.. PURPOSE: This randomized phase III trial is studying calcium gluconate and magnesium sulfate to see how well they work compared to a placebo in preventing neurotoxicity caused by oxaliplatin in patients receiving combination chemotherapy for stage II, stage III, or stage IV colorectal cancer that has been completely removed by surgery. ...
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Bee venom (BV) is used to treat many diseases and exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, antimutagenic, radioprotective, anti-nociceptive immunity promoting, hepatocyte protective and anti-cancer activity. According to the literature, BV contains several enzymes, including phospholipase A2 (PLA2), phospholipase B, hyaluronidase, acid phosphatase and α-glucosidase. Recent studies have also reported the detection of different classes of enzymes in BV, including esterases, proteases and peptidases, protease inhibitors and other important enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism. Nevertheless, the physiochemical properties and functions of each enzyme class and their mechanisms remain unclear. Various pharmacotherapeutic effects of some of the BV enzymes have been reported in several studies. At present, ongoing research aims to characterize each enzyme and elucidate their specific biological roles. This review gathers all the current knowledge on BV enzymes and their specific mechanisms in ...
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Hyperkalemia is a serious condition that is caused by excess amounts of the mineral potassium in the bloodstream. Left untreated, hyperkalemia can lead to...
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The snake venom gland is a specialized organ, which synthesizes and secretes the complex and abundant toxin proteins. Though gene expression in the snake venom gland has been extensively studied, the focus has been on the components of the venom. As far as the molecular mechanism of toxin secretion and metabolism is concerned, we still knew a little. Therefore, a fundamental question being arisen is what genes are expressed in the snake venom glands besides many toxin components? To examine extensively the transcripts expressed in the venom gland of Deinagkistrodon acutus and unveil the potential of its products on cellular structure and functional aspects, we generated 8696 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from a non-normalized cDNA library. All ESTs were clustered into 3416 clusters, of which 40.16% of total ESTs belong to recognized toxin-coding sequences; 39.85% are similar to cellular transcripts; and 20.00% have no significant similarity to any known sequences. By analyzing cellular functional
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A membrane protease possessing thrombin-like activity was purified to homogeneity from mitochondria of rat submaxillary gland. The molecular mass of the enzyme was determined to be 45 kDa by SDS/PAGE under reducing conditions and by gel filtration on a Sephadex G-100 column. The enzyme is a glycoprotein and has an isoelectric point of 3.25. Maximum activity was observed at pH 10.5. Inhibition by di-isopropyl fluorophosphate, benzamidine, aprotinin and antipain suggested the enzyme to be a serine protease. Other inhibitors such as EDTA, soya-bean trypsin inhibitor, lima-bean trypsin inhibitor, TosLysCH2Cl and chymostatin did not alter the activity. The enzyme showed affinity towards different synthetic substrates (p-nitroanilide derivatives) containing arginine at the P1 position. Kinetic studies revealed that kcat./Km was highest with the substrate N-Bz-Phe-Val-Arg-p-nitroanilide. The enzyme exhibits significant plasma-coagulating activity. The coagulation initiated by the enzyme was not altered ...
A congenital dysfibrinogenemia was found in a 32-year-old asymptomatic female and her immediate family. The propositus, apparently a heterozygote for the abnormality, characteristically showed defective release of fibrinopeptide A from half of her fi
Description: Subject matter wherein the peptide composition is related to fibrinopeptides, blood-coagulation factors or derivative ...
Blood clots perform an essential mechanical task, yet the mechanical behavior of fibrin fibers, which form the structural framework of a clot, is largely unknown. By using combined atomic force‐fluorescence microscopy, we determined the elastic limit and extensibility of individual fibers. Fibrin fibers can be strained 180% (2.8-fold extension) without sustaining permanent lengthening, and they can be strained up to 525% (average 330%) before rupturing. This is the largest extensibility observed for protein fibers. The data imply that fibrin monomers must be able to undergo sizeable, reversible structural changes and that deformations in clots can be accommodated by individual fiber stretching.. ...
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KUR-112 is a parathyroid hormone-fibrin-based product. It is intended to be applied as a single percutaneous injection into solitary bone cysts and could therefore become a simpler, minimally invasive treatment for this rare condition.. KUR-112 has received Orphan Drug Designation in the US and Europe, which entitles the sponsor to receive assistance in the development process, exemption from application fees and several years of marketing exclusivity following approval. In October 2016, the US Food and Drug Administration granted Rare Pediatric Disease Designation.. The program has completed non-clinical testing. Kuros is currently evaluating the development options for KUR-112.. ...
Vilca-Quispe, A.; Ponce-Soto, L. A.; Winck, F. V.; Marangoni, S.: Isolation and characterization of a new serine protease with thrombin-like activity (TLBm) from the venom of the snake Bothrops marajoensis. Toxicon 55 (4), S. 745 - 753 (2010 ...
Discover Lifes page about the biology, natural history, ecology, identification and distribution of Agkistrodon contortrix image
Discover Lifes page about the biology, natural history, ecology, identification and distribution of Agkistrodon contortrix image
... also has a high Kd value for binding both forms yA/yA and yA/y'. The bindings sites of batroxobin and thrombin ... The venom batroxobin also induces clots, but does this with or without tissue damage. This is because batroxobin isn't ... Batroxobin is excreted by the liver, kidney and spleen. The excretion of batroxobin can be detected by small metabolite ... Batroxobin is a protein of the serine protease family. Batroxobin is closely related in physiological function and molecular ...
Alternatively, batroxobin is also used as a topical hemostatic by its rapid local clot-expansion action. Nolan C, Hall LS, ... Itoh N, Tanaka N, Funakoshi I, Kawasaki T, Mihashi S, Yamashina I (June 1988). "Organization of the gene for batroxobin, a ... Vu, TT; Stafford, AR; Leslie, BA; Kim, PY; Fredenburgh, JC; Weitz, JI (7 June 2013). "Batroxobin binds fibrin with higher ... Examples include ancrod and batroxobin, two serine proteases from snakes that have been used in medical preparations.[citation ...
Batroxobin has a similar action to thrombin but unlike thrombin it is not inhibited by heparin. Normal values for thrombin time ... If batroxobin is used, the time should be between 15 and 20 seconds. Thrombin time can be prolonged by heparin, fibrin ... In blood samples containing heparin, a substance derived from snake venom called batroxobin (formerly reptilase) is used ...
Batroxobin, another medical snake venom serine protease ""Eye On" report: Neurobiological Technologies, Inc" (PDF). Prohost ...
Batroxobin, a toxin from a snake venom, clots platelet-rich plasma without affecting platelet functions (cleaves fibrinogen). ...
Batroxobin from B atrox is used as a drug called "Reptilase" that is used to stop bleeding, while batroxobin from B moojeni is ... Batroxobin, is a serine protease found in snake venom produced by Bothrops atrox and Bothrops moojeni, venomous species of pit ... It is also used in a system called "Vivostat", where a person's blood is taken just before surgery and exposed to batroxobin; ...
Coagulation factor X B02BD14 Susoctocog alfa B02BD30 Thrombin B02BX01 Etamsylate B02BX02 Carbazochrome B02BX03 Batroxobin ...
... batroxobin), derived from this snake's venom, is used in modern medical laboratories to measure fibrinogen levels and blood ...
... batroxobin MeSH D08.811.277.656.300.775 - streptokinase MeSH D08.811.277.656.300.775.075 - anistreplase MeSH D08.811.277.656. ...
... batroxobin MeSH D20.888.850.960.200.210 - crotoxin MeSH D20.944.380 - hazardous waste MeSH D20.944.380.638 - radioactive waste ...
... batroxobin MeSH D23.946.833.850.960.200.210 - crotoxin MeSH D23.946.896.980 - virulence factors, bordetella MeSH D23.946. ...
Batroxobin (INN) Bavisant (INN, (USAN) Bavituximab (USAN, INN) Baxitozine (INN) Baycol BayGam BayHep B Baypress BayRab BayTet ...
... and the WHO Reference Reagent for Batroxobin (‎15/140)‎  ...
Learn more about Recombinant Batroxobin. We enable science by offering product choice, services, process excellence and our ...
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Batroxobin time. Batroxobin. Chromogenic assays Factor VIII Chromogenic. Factor XIII Chromogenic. Berichrom α2 - Antiplasmin. ...
Batroxobin - Batroxobin, which is also rather appropriately called reptilase, is a snake venom enzyme found in the South ... Batroxobin - Batroxobin, which is also rather appropriately called reptilase, is a snake venom enzyme found in the South ...
alpha-Fibrinogenase, Habutobin, Ancrod, Batroxobin, Crotalase, EC 3.4.21.28, EC 3.4.21.29, EC 3.4.21.30, TLE, Bothrops atrox ...
Journal Article] The effective control of a bleeding injury using a medical adhesive containing batroxobin2014. *. Author(s). ...
Recombinant other Batroxobin Protein, Untagged, Pichia Pastoris-10ug. QP10529-10ug EnQuireBio 10ug. ...
Researchers with the University of Western Ontario have used a blood clotting enzyme called reptilase or batroxobin to create a ...
BATROXOBIN. RESTLESS LEGS. RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME. RHIZOBIUM MELILOTI. SINORHIZOBIUM MELILOTI. RIBONUCLEOPROTEINS, SMALL, U1. ...
BATROXOBIN. RESTLESS LEGS. RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME. RHIZOBIUM MELILOTI. SINORHIZOBIUM MELILOTI. RIBONUCLEOPROTEINS, SMALL, U1. ...
BATROXOBIN. RESTLESS LEGS. RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME. RHIZOBIUM MELILOTI. SINORHIZOBIUM MELILOTI. RIBONUCLEOPROTEINS, SMALL, U1. ...
Batroxobin - Preferred Concept UI. M0018820. Scope note. A proteolytic enzyme obtained from the venom of fer-de-lance (Bothrops ... 2000; see REPTILASE 1991-1999; see SERINE PROTEINASES 1975-1990; for BATROXOBIN see REPTILASE 1982-199; PLASMOCOAGULASE was ... Hemocoagulase is a mixture containing batroxobin and factor X activator. EC 3.4.21.-. ... Hemocoagulase is a mixture containing batroxobin and factor X activator. EC 3.4.21.-.. ...
BATROXOBIN. RESTLESS LEGS. RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME. RHIZOBIUM MELILOTI. SINORHIZOBIUM MELILOTI. RIBONUCLEOPROTEINS, SMALL, U1. ...
BATROXOBIN. RESTLESS LEGS. RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME. RHIZOBIUM MELILOTI. SINORHIZOBIUM MELILOTI. RIBONUCLEOPROTEINS, SMALL, U1. ...
BATROXOBIN. RESTLESS LEGS. RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME. RHIZOBIUM MELILOTI. SINORHIZOBIUM MELILOTI. RIBONUCLEOPROTEINS, SMALL, U1. ...
BATROXOBIN. RESTLESS LEGS. RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME. RHIZOBIUM MELILOTI. SINORHIZOBIUM MELILOTI. RIBONUCLEOPROTEINS, SMALL, U1. ...
BATROXOBIN. RESTLESS LEGS. RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME. RHIZOBIUM MELILOTI. SINORHIZOBIUM MELILOTI. RIBONUCLEOPROTEINS, SMALL, U1. ...
BATROXOBIN. RESTLESS LEGS. RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME. RHIZOBIUM MELILOTI. SINORHIZOBIUM MELILOTI. RIBONUCLEOPROTEINS, SMALL, U1. ...
BATROXOBIN. RESTLESS LEGS. RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME. RHIZOBIUM MELILOTI. SINORHIZOBIUM MELILOTI. RIBONUCLEOPROTEINS, SMALL, U1. ...
BATROXOBIN. RESTLESS LEGS. RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME. RHIZOBIUM MELILOTI. SINORHIZOBIUM MELILOTI. RIBONUCLEOPROTEINS, SMALL, U1. ...
BATROXOBIN. RESTLESS LEGS. RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME. RHIZOBIUM MELILOTI. SINORHIZOBIUM MELILOTI. RIBONUCLEOPROTEINS, SMALL, U1. ...
BATROXOBIN. RESTLESS LEGS. RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME. RHIZOBIUM MELILOTI. SINORHIZOBIUM MELILOTI. RIBONUCLEOPROTEINS, SMALL, U1. ...
BATROXOBIN. RESTLESS LEGS. RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME. RHIZOBIUM MELILOTI. SINORHIZOBIUM MELILOTI. RIBONUCLEOPROTEINS, SMALL, U1. ...
The active ingredient in the glue is batroxobin (also known as reptilase), a blood-clotting enzyme from the venom of lancehead ... To make the surgical glue, the scientists combined batroxobin with modified gelatin. The result is a substance that seals up ...
The LD50 of nicotine is 50 mg/kg for rats and 3 mg/kg for mice. 0.5-1.0 mg/kg can be a lethal dosage for adult humans, and 0.1 mg/kg for children.[19][20] However the widely used human LD50 estimate of 0.5-1.0 mg/kg was questioned in a 2013 review, in light of several documented cases of humans surviving much higher doses; the 2013 review suggests that the lower limit causing fatal outcomes is 500-1000 mg of ingested nicotine, corresponding to 6.5-13 mg/kg orally.[21] An accidental ingestion of only 6 mg may be lethal to children.[22] It is unlikely that a person would overdose on nicotine through smoking alone. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) stated in 2013: "There are no significant safety concerns associated with using more than one [over the counter] OTC [nicotine replacement therapy] NRT at the same time, or using an OTC NRT at the same time as another nicotine-containing product-including a cigarette."[23][24][25] Ingestion of nicotine pharmaceuticals, tobacco products, or ...
... patients in the batroxobin group underwent intravenous batroxobin for a total of three times. RESULTS: In the batroxobin group ... Batroxobin in combination with anticoagulation may promote venous sinus recanalization in cerebral venous thrombosis: A real- ... The patients were divided into batroxobin (n = 21) and control groups (n = 10). In addition to the same standard ... with batroxobin treatment. We further noted a higher ratio of patients with the attenuation of stenosis [adjusted OR (95%CI) of ...
Batroxobin from venom of Bothrops atrox is an example of toxin-based drug used for the treatment of heart diseases which is ... Examples of defibrinogenating agent are Ancrod from Agkistrodon rhodostoma [119] and Batroxobin from Bothrops atrox [120]. They ... You W-K, Choi W-S, Koh Y-S et al (2004) Functional characterization of recombinant batroxobin, a snake venom thrombin-like ... This study suggests that recombinant batroxobin is a potential candidate as a pro-coagulant agent [140]. ACTX-6 a cytotoxic ...
VSPF_BOTAT Thrombin-like enzyme batroxobin (BX) (SVTLE) (EC 3.4.21.74) ... Peptidase S1 family, Snake venom ... ...
The N-terminal EGF domain has been shown to at least in part be responsible for binding tissue factor.[6] Wilkinson et al. conclude that residues 88 to 109 of the second EGF domain mediate binding to platelets and assembly of the factor X activating complex.[7] The structures of all four domains have been solved. A structure of the two EGF domains and the trypsin-like domain was determined for the pig protein.[8] The structure of the Gla domain, which is responsible for Ca(II)-dependent phospholipid binding, was also determined by NMR.[9] Several structures of super active mutants have been solved,[10] which reveal the nature of factor IX activation by other proteins in the clotting cascade. ...
  • The active ingredient in the glue is batroxobin (also known as reptilase), a blood-clotting enzyme from the venom of lancehead snakes . (optimistdaily.com)
  • 2. Stocker, K. and Barlow, G.H. The coagulant enzyme from Bothrops atrox venom (batroxobin). (qmul.ac.uk)
  • To evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of Batroxobin (botropase),Tranexamic acid(TXA) and their combination in reduction of perioperative blood loss in lumbar spine single level fusion surgeries. (transfusionevidencelibrary.com)
  • To make the surgical glue, the scientists combined batroxobin with modified gelatin. (optimistdaily.com)
  • Within minutes of administration of batroxobin, there is a significant selleck Dorsomorphin reduction in plasma fibrinogen levels, and these remain exceedingly low with repeated administration (once or twice daily). (vegfr-3inhibitor.com)
  • Low-molecular-weight heparin and batroxobin were administered instead. (medscape.com)
  • A study by Ha et al indicated that when measuring functional fibrinogen in plasma, a batroxobin-based assay can serve as a good alternative to the traditional thrombin-based fibrinogen test. (medscape.com)
  • Batroxobin Based Method to Measure Fibrinogen to Overcome Interfering Effects of New Anticoagulant Agents Targeting Thrombin. (medscape.com)
  • Hemocoagulase is a mixture containing batroxobin and factor X activator. (lookformedical.com)
  • As the first recombinant hemocoagulase in China, "Recombinant Batroxobin for Injection" is the only hemocoagulase drug produced by the genetic engineering synthesis, which makes it unique. (gmsanjorge.com)
  • Batroxobin, a serine protease derived from the venom of the pit viper Bothrops atrox , is a potent thrombolytic agent approved in China and Japan. (medscape.com)
  • The material uses a venom produced by two species of South American pit viper called batroxobin, and it can be can be injected as a liquid. (futurism.com)
  • Bivalirudin and other anticoagulants that target thrombin were found not to interfere with the batroxobin-based test. (medscape.com)
  • The test can be done with Batroxobin, see here. (standardtoday.co.uk)