Bass
Fish Diseases
A comparison of the reproductive physiology of largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides, collected from the Escambia and Blackwater Rivers in Florida. (1/349)
Largemouth bass (LMB), Micropterus salmoides, were taken from the Escambia River (contaminated site) and the Blackwater River (reference site) near Pensacola, Florida. The Escambia River collection occurred downstream of the effluent from two identified point sources of pollution. These point sources included a coal-fired electric power plant and a chemical company. Conversely, the Blackwater River's headwaters and most of its length flow within a state park. Although there is some development on the lower part of the Blackwater River, fish were collected in the more pristine upper regions. Fish were captured by electroshocking and were maintained in aerated coolers. Physical measurements were obtained, blood was taken, and liver and gonads were removed. LMB plasma was assayed for the concentration of 17ss-estradiol (E2) and testosterone using validated radioimmunoassays. The presence of vitellogenin was determined by gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Western blotting using a monoclonal antibody validated for largemouth bass vitellogenin. No differences in plasma concentrations of E2 or testosterone were observed in females from the two sites. Similarly, males exhibited no difference in plasma E2. However, plasma testosterone was lower in the males from the contaminated site, as compared to the reference site. Vitellogenic males occurred only at the contaminated site. Additionally, liver mass was proportionately higher in males from the contaminated site, as compared to males from the reference site. These data suggest that reproductive steroid levels may have been altered by increased hepatic enzyme activity, and the presence of vitellogenic males indicates that an exogenous source of estrogen was present in the Escambia River. (+info)A monoclonal antibody against chorion proteins of the sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax (Linnaeus, 1758): studies of chorion precursors and applicability in immunoassays. (2/349)
The monoclonal antibody DLE7 was obtained against 44- to 50-kDa polypeptides solubilized from the vitelline envelope of the Mediterranean sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax. In Western blot analysis of chorion lysates it recognized cross-reactive bands at 44 kDa, 48 kDa, and 110 kDa. Previous affinity blotting with concanavalin-A showed that most of solubilized bands were glycosylated. Enzymatic deglycosylation of chorion proteins followed by Western blot analysis with DLE7 showed that the 48-kDa and 110-kDa antigens were differentially affected by endoglycosidase-F treatment. When DLE7 was employed in immunofluorescence analysis, isolated chorions and ovarian cryosections stained intensely. Positivity was also observed in liver cryosections of spawning females but not in liver of males and nonspawning females. To study the origin and delivery of chorion proteins, DLE7 was used in Western blot analysis of liver homogenates and blood serum of spawning females. Cross-reacting bands were detected in liver (90 kDa) and serum (180 kDa, 50 kDa). DLE7 was also used for the first time to set up an indirect ELISA assay to detect egg antigens in the blood of egg-producing females, raising the possibility of using DLE7 as a female-specific marker of spawning for sea bass. (+info)Regulation of Cl- secretion in seawater fish (Dicentrarchus labrax) gill respiratory cells in primary culture. (3/349)
1. Primary cultures of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) gill cells grown on permeable membranes form a highly differentiated tight epithelium composed of respiratory-like cells. This preparation was also found to provide a functional model for investigating the hormonal regulation of Cl- secretion. 2. In control conditions, i.e. in the absence of hormones or other stimuli, the cultured epithelium showed a short-circuit current (Isc) of 8.8 +/- 0.4 microA cm-2, a transepithelial potential (Vt) of 28.6 +/- 0.6 mV (serosal side positive), and a transepithelial resistance (Rt) of 5026 +/- 127 Omega cm2. Addition of 50 nM PGE2 caused a stimulation of Isc, Vt and transepithelial conductance, Gt. The increase in Isc was probably due to the elevation in Cl- secretion, since it could be correlated with the stimulation of serosal to mucosal 36Cl- flux. Application of the neurohypophyseal peptide arginine vasotocin (AVT; 50 nM) or the beta-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol (isoprenaline; 0. 5 microM) evoked a stimulation in Cl- secretion, as was shown by the increases in Isc and Gt. The excitatory effect of isoproterenol followed by the inhibitory action of propranolol, a beta-adrenergic antagonist, suggested the presence of beta-adrenergic receptors. Noradrenaline (0.1 microM) elicited a reduction in Isc, Vt and Gt, which was counterbalanced by the addition of phentolamine, an alpha-adrenergic antagonist. This suggested an activation of alpha-adrenergic receptors. 3. This study provides evidence for hormonal control of the Cl- secretion in sea bass gill respiratory cells in culture, involving AVT, prostaglandin (PGE2), and beta- and alpha-adrenergic receptors. (+info)Citrate ions enhance taste responses to amino acids in the largemouth bass. (4/349)
The glossopharyngeal (IX) taste system of the largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides, is highly selective to amino acids and is poorly responsive to trisodium citrate; however, IX taste responses to specific concentrations of L- and D-arginine and L-lysine but not L-proline were enhanced by citrate but not sodium ions. Binary mixtures of L-arginine (3 x 10(-4)M and 10(-3)M) or D-arginine (10(-3)M) + trisodium citrate (10(-3)M; pH 7-9) resulted in enhanced taste activity, whereas binary mixtures of higher concentrations (10(-2)M and 10(-1)M) of L- or D-arginine + 10(-3)M trisodium citrate were not significantly different from the response to the amino acid alone. Under continuous adaptation to 10(-3)M citrate, taste responses to L-arginine were also enhanced at the identical concentrations previously indicated, but responses to 10(-2)M and 10(-1)M L-arginine were significantly suppressed. Under continuous adaptation to 10(-2)M L-arginine, taste responses to 10(-2)M, 10(-1)M, and 10(0) M citrate were significantly enhanced. Cellular concentrations of both citrate and amino acids in prey of the carnivorous largemouth bass are sufficient for this taste-enhancing effect to occur naturally during consummatory feeding behavior. Citrate acting as a calcium chelator is presented as a possible mechanism of action for the enhancement effect. (+info)Comparative study of viral encephalopathy and retinopathy in juvenile sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax infected in different ways. (5/349)
The transmission of viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER) was investigated in juvenile sea bass (3 g) Dicentrarchus labrax by using cell culture supernatant (SSN-1 cell line) containing nodavirus. Five methods of infection were tested: intramuscular injection (IM), intraperitoneal injection (IP), oral infection, bath exposure and cohabitation of healthy fish with infected fish. Some differences were observed in time of disease onset and severity of symptoms depending on the mode of infection used. Clinical symptoms such as whirling swimming and lethargic or hyperactive behaviour were generally reproduced, except for fish infected via oral and IP infection. First mortalities occurred 3 d after IM and IP infection and 6 d after for the other modes of infection. Cumulative mortalities were also variable: 100% after IM infection, 10% after IP infection, 32% for bath exposure, 43% after cohabitation and 24% via oral infection. Histopathologically, vacuolation was observed in the central nervous tissues and in the retina. The observed lesions were more or less severe depending on the mode of infection, the sampling time and the organs: lesions on the surviving fish (42 days post infection, d p.i.) seemed to be generally more conspicuous in the retina than in the brain of the same fish. In most cases, the presence of nodavirus was confirmed in the same samples of brain and retina by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The virus was not detected in other organs examined. The present results suggest that 2 forms of VER can be induced: IM injection leads to an acute form (severe nervous disorders with high and fast mortality) whereas oral infection, bath exposure and cohabitation induce a subacute form (less severe disorders and weak daily mortality). This experiment demonstrates experimentally induced horizontal transmission of VER in sea bass for the first time. (+info)Anti-immunoglobulin antisera used in an ELISA to detect antibodies in barramundi Lates calcarifer to Cryptocaryon irritans. (6/349)
Immunoglobulins (Ig) in serum from barramundi vaccinated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) were purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation and affinity chromatography using BSA as the ligand. The BSA-binding activity of eluted putative Ig fractions was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) before being pooled and characterised by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Double affinity purification did not improve the purity of the Ig preparation compared to single affinity purification. Barramundi Ig were injected into sheep to produce anti-Ig antisera which were assessed in an indirect ELISA as the secondary antibody to detect serum Ig in barramundi vaccinated with Cryptocaryon irritans theronts. Affinity-purified Ig induced a more specific reagent for use as secondary antibody in ELISA than did normal whole-barramundi sera. The heavy (H) chain of barramundi Ig had an apparent molecular weight of 70 kDa while that of the light (L) chain was 27 kDa in SDS-PAGE studies. Under non-reducing conditions 2 putative populations of Ig were identified, at 768 and 210 kDa. The N-terminal sequence of the barramundi Ig H chain showed 78% homology with channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus Ig H chain sequence. (+info)Divalent cation selectivity is a function of gating in native and recombinant cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels from retinal photoreceptors. (7/349)
The selectivity of Ca2+ over Na+ is approximately 3.3-fold larger in cGMP-gated channels of cone photoreceptors than in those of rods when measured under saturating cGMP concentrations, where the probability of channel opening is 85-90%. Under physiological conditions, however, the probability of opening of the cGMP-gated channels ranges from its largest value in darkness of 1-5% to essentially zero under continuous, bright illumination. We investigated the ion selectivity of cGMP-gated channels as a function of cyclic nucleotide concentration in membrane patches detached from the outer segments of rod and cone photoreceptors and have found that ion selectivity is linked to gating. We determined ion selectivity relative to Na+ (PX/PNa) from the value of reversal potentials measured under ion concentration gradients. The selectivity for Ca2+ over Na+ increases continuously as the probability of channel opening rises. The dependence of PCa/PNa on cGMP concentration, in both rods and cones, is well described by the same Hill function that describes the cGMP dependence of current amplitude. At the cytoplasmic cGMP concentrations expected in dark-adapted intact photoreceptors, PCa/PNa in cone channels is approximately 7.4-fold greater than that in rods. The linkage between selectivity and gating is specific for divalent cations. The selectivity of Ca2+ and Sr2+ changes with cGMP concentration, but the selectivity of inorganic monovalent cations, Cs+ and NH4+, and organic cations, methylammonium+ and dimethylammonium+, is invariant with cGMP. Cyclic nucleotide-gated channels in rod photoreceptors are heteromeric assemblies of alpha and beta subunits. The maximal PCa/PNa of channels formed from alpha subunits of bovine rod channels is less than that of heteromeric channels formed from alpha and beta subunits. In addition, Ca2+ is a more effective blocker of channels formed by alpha subunits than of channels formed by alpha and beta subunits. The cGMP-dependent shift in divalent cation selectivity is a property of alphabeta channels and not of channels formed from alpha subunits alone. (+info)High dietary lipid levels enhance digestive tract maturation and improve dicentrarchus labrax larval development. (8/349)
This study was designed to determine the nutritional lipid requirement of seabass larvae and to understand the effects of dietary fat concentration on their digestive tract maturation. Seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) larvae were fed, from d 15 to 38 of life, one of five isonitrogenous compound diets with different lipid levels, ranging from 10 to 30 g/100 g. The higher the lipid level, the greater the growth and survival of the larvae (P < 0.05). The lipolytic enzymes assayed, lipase and phospholipase A2, were stimulated by the increase in their respective dietary substrates, triglycerides and phospholipids, in 38-d-old larvae (P < 0.05). Nevertheless, a plateau in the activity of these two lipolytic enzymes was observed from 20% dietary lipids onwards. The similar mRNA levels of phospholipase A2 in the three groups fed the highest lipid levels suggested that the maximal synthesis level of lipolytic enzyme was reached at 20% dietary fat. Pancreatic secretion of trypsin and amylase were positively affected by the dietary lipid level; a possible involvement of a cholecystokinin-releasing factor is discussed. Diets containing >20% lipids led to the increase in activities of brush border membrane enzymes to the detriment of a cytosolic enzyme in enterocytes, leucine-alanine (Leu-Ala) peptidase. This enzymatic change reveals the earlier maturation of enterocytes in larva groups fed high lipid levels. (+info)Some common types of fish diseases include:
1. Bacterial infections: These are caused by bacteria such as Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, and Mycobacterium. Symptoms can include fin and tail rot, body slime, and ulcers.
2. Viral infections: These are caused by viruses such as viral hemorrhagic septicemia (VHS) and infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN). Symptoms can include lethargy, loss of appetite, and rapid death.
3. Protozoan infections: These are caused by protozoa such as Cryptocaryon and Ichthyophonus. Symptoms can include flashing, rapid breathing, and white spots on the body.
4. Fungal infections: These are caused by fungi such as Saprolegnia and Achlya. Symptoms can include fuzzy growths on the body and fins, and sluggish behavior.
5. Parasitic infections: These are caused by parasites such as Ichthyophonus and Cryptocaryon. Symptoms can include flashing, rapid breathing, and white spots on the body.
Diagnosis of fish diseases is typically made through a combination of physical examination, laboratory tests, and observation of the fish's behavior and environment. Treatment options vary depending on the type of disease and the severity of symptoms, and can include antibiotics, antifungals, and medicated baths. Prevention is key in managing fish diseases, and this includes maintaining good water quality, providing a balanced diet, and keeping the fish in a healthy environment.
Note: The information provided is a general overview of common fish diseases and their symptoms, and should not be considered as professional medical advice. If you suspect your fish has a disease, it is recommended that you consult with a veterinarian or a qualified aquarium expert for proper diagnosis and treatment.
Bass
Bass Building
Kevin Bass
John Bass
Box bass
Bass Trail
Mike Bass
Super Bass
Aka-Bass
Karen Bass
Randy Bass
Bass Islands
White bass
Tranquility Bass
Bass Otis
Keyboard bass
Bass arpeggiation
Bass music
Streamer bass
Rick Bass
Bass amplifier
Trophy Bass
Bass Extremes
Shoal bass
Bass Culture
Lyndall Bass
Alberti bass
Bass Brewery
Martha Bass
Wal (bass)
Bass | Fender
Misc Bass | Musician's Friend
Nanaimo Bass: Kaylie Russell
Bass :: pouët.net
Rankin/Bass Christmas Specials | Mental Floss
ccMixter - 280506 bass loop disto 01
Bass Forum - 8notes.com
Hartke Bass | Guitar Center
Diana Butler Bass | KCRW
Is an electric bass in the string family? - Answers
Small Tennessee town reels in bass fishermen - CBS News
Bluetooth speakers to really pump up the bass | ZDNET
Episode 3 | The Anglerschannel Bass Wrap Up Show | Discovery
Southern Woods and Waters: Carl Perkins Bass...
String Bass-Int. | Music Lessons | Amherst College
Bass Drum of Death Music Profile - Metacritic
Articles by: George Bass | GamesRadar+
Largemouth Bass - Collections
Drum & Bass - Poets
Fishing report: Striped bass season approaching
Environmental News Network - Transgenderism in Black Sea Bass
Avalanche - Bass | Brophy.Nick | StudioVerse | Waves
LCM Double Bass Grade 4 Syllabus
Double Bass | Royal Academy of Music
Normandy Alumicaster Bass Review - Premier Guitar
5 Pre-spawn bass fishing tips
Gibson Guitars & Basses
Biographies of Sam Bass
Bass Wallpaper? | TalkBass.com
Largemouth6
- Largemouth bass are on the beds, and some nice fish are being caught. (dailypress.com)
- Largemouth bass fishing is very good, and crappie action remains strong. (dailypress.com)
- RNA-seq of F1 Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) and Florida bass (M. floridanus) for SNP detection. (nih.gov)
- University of Florida (UF) project investigators have discovered and cloned three separate estrogen receptors (ER's) in largemouth bass. (nih.gov)
- It is safe for adults to eat up to three meals of largemouth bass per week. (cdc.gov)
- Children, however, should only eat one meal of largemouth bass per week from the Clinch River and no more than two meals of largemouth bass per week from the Tennessee River. (cdc.gov)
Urbane-Bass1
- Dr. Tom Ewing, Professor of History at Virginia Tech on the life and service of World War I Distinguished Service Cross recipient Dr. Urbane Bass. (nih.gov)
Guitar2
- Every guitar or bass you purchase from Musician's Friend (electric or acoustic, New or Open Box) includes two years of protection from manufacturer defects. (musiciansfriend.com)
- Johnson bass guitar JP-800? (8notes.com)
Catfish2
Drum2
- Grafton Fishing Supply said striped bass and some puppy drum are in the river. (dailypress.com)
- Small striped bass, puppy drum and a few nice speckled trout are being caught. (dailypress.com)
Pounds3
- In 2015 Gabe Keen broken a Tennessee state record when he caught a bass weighing 15 pounds, three ounces, in Chickamauga Lake. (cbsnews.com)
- Ed Allen's Boats and Baits said bass fishing is very good, with fish to 8 pounds being caught this week. (dailypress.com)
- The Big Bash Open Bass Tournament was won by Bubba West and Jerry Jenkins with a five-fish stringer weighing 15.10 pounds. (dailypress.com)
Fishing boats1
- On a cool Thursday morning, before sunrise, nearly 200 bass fishing boats launched from a small dock in Dayton, Tennessee. (cbsnews.com)
Anglers2
- While the anglers compete to hook the biggest bass in Chickamauga Lake, the town is cashing in. (cbsnews.com)
- Anglers may keep one striped bass per day at least 36 inches long. (dailypress.com)
Species1
- Scientists have long known black sea bass are "protogynous hermaphrodites," a species in which fish that begin life as females can switch gender to male. (enn.com)
Small2
- It has good bass sound for its small size. (zdnet.com)
- Small striped bass are roaming the flats. (dailypress.com)
Good3
- It delivers a good sound with a great bass line. (zdnet.com)
- The bass is good with little distortion. (zdnet.com)
- Bass fishing is good, and some nice crappie are being caught. (dailypress.com)
Study3
- Rutgers marine researchers and New Jersey fishermen are piecing together the details of the strange, gender-bending sex lives of black sea bass - a study that could improve understanding of the bass population and help the beleaguered recreational fishing industry. (enn.com)
- This study aimed to evaluate the hypothalamus fatty acid (FA)-sensing mechanisms response to different FA in European sea bass . (bvsalud.org)
- Warfarin is very effective in preventing blood clots, but it's very difficult to regulate," explains Dr. Anne R. Bass, a study co-author at Hospital for Special Surgery in New York City. (nih.gov)
Model1
- JIN YIN E900- Bass student model, $292.00 per. (8notes.com)
Caught1
- The best catches have been made at night, when some striped bass are also being caught. (dailypress.com)
Found1
- The production company founded by Arthur Rankin Jr. and Jules Bass found success in transforming holiday songs and myths into fully-developed television specials in the 1960s, '70s, and '80s. (mentalfloss.com)
Long1
- Turns out Dayton was sitting on a secret: Chickamauga Lake is more than 50 miles long, and boasts some of the best bass fishing in the South. (cbsnews.com)
Size1
- What size classical double bass should I try? (8notes.com)
Electric1
- Is an electric bass in the string family? (answers.com)
Industry1
- Bass Industry on hold? (8notes.com)
Read1
- Read more…] about Lance Bass Is Engaged! (celebrific.com)
Guys1
- Hi Guys, My name is Brandon, I'm a bass. (8notes.com)
Catch1
- And because it wouldn't be a Rankin/Bass cartoon without a terrifying villain, a vulture named Eon the Terrible is racing to catch Happy first so he can live forever. (mentalfloss.com)
Tomorrow1
- The party gets started this week when the Turn Up the Bass Tour 2013 comes to town, and it's giving its all with a crew ready to tear the roof off: Z-Man, Zyme and Luck & Lana featuring DJ Nykon, with special guests Big Green and Cisum Tomorrow featuring Wes Nyle. (bohemian.com)
Details1
- This board is where you will find entry forms, upcoming event notices and other official details associated with BREAM, BASS and BARRA. (fishingmonthly.com.au)