AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and Processes
BasophilsBasophil Degranulation TestHistamine ReleaseImmunoglobulin EReceptors, IgEAntigens, CD63HypersensitivityMast CellsInterleukin-3Antibodies, Anti-IdiotypicAnaphylaxisEosinophilsAllergensLeukotriene C4HistamineStrongylida InfectionsInterleukin-4NippostrongylusDesensitization, ImmunologicPeanut HypersensitivityCell DegranulationFilarioideaAnti-Allergic AgentsBetulaSkin TestsTh2 CellsUrticariaHypersensitivity, ImmediateAntigens, PlantComplement C5aReceptors, CCR3N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-PhenylalanineInterleukin-13Food Hypersensitivity
Basophils
Granular leukocytes characterized by a relatively pale-staining, lobate nucleus and cytoplasm containing coarse dark-staining granules of variable size and stainable by basic dyes.
Basophil Degranulation Test
An in vitro test used in the diagnosis of allergies including drug hypersensitivity. The allergen is added to the patient's white blood cells and the subsequent histamine release is measured.
Histamine Release
The secretion of histamine from mast cell and basophil granules by exocytosis. This can be initiated by a number of factors, all of which involve binding of IgE, cross-linked by antigen, to the mast cell or basophil's Fc receptors. Once released, histamine binds to a number of different target cell receptors and exerts a wide variety of effects.
Immunoglobulin E
An immunoglobulin associated with MAST CELLS. Overexpression has been associated with allergic hypersensitivity (HYPERSENSITIVITY, IMMEDIATE).
Receptors, IgE
Specific molecular sites on the surface of B- and T-lymphocytes which combine with IgEs. Two subclasses exist: low affinity receptors (Fc epsilon RII) and high affinity receptors (Fc epsilon RI).
Antigens, CD63
Ubiquitously-expressed tetraspanin proteins that are found in late ENDOSOMES and LYSOSOMES and have been implicated in intracellular transport of proteins.
Hypersensitivity
Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen.
Mast Cells
Granulated cells that are found in almost all tissues, most abundantly in the skin and the gastrointestinal tract. Like the BASOPHILS, mast cells contain large amounts of HISTAMINE and HEPARIN. Unlike basophils, mast cells normally remain in the tissues and do not circulate in the blood. Mast cells, derived from the bone marrow stem cells, are regulated by the STEM CELL FACTOR.
Interleukin-3
A multilineage cell growth factor secreted by LYMPHOCYTES; EPITHELIAL CELLS; and ASTROCYTES which stimulates clonal proliferation and differentiation of various types of blood and tissue cells.
Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic
Antibodies which react with the individual structural determinants (idiotopes) on the variable region of other antibodies.
Anaphylaxis
An acute hypersensitivity reaction due to exposure to a previously encountered ANTIGEN. The reaction may include rapidly progressing URTICARIA, respiratory distress, vascular collapse, systemic SHOCK, and death.
Eosinophils
Granular leukocytes with a nucleus that usually has two lobes connected by a slender thread of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing coarse, round granules that are uniform in size and stainable by eosin.
Allergens
Antigen-type substances that produce immediate hypersensitivity (HYPERSENSITIVITY, IMMEDIATE).
Leukotriene C4
The conjugation product of LEUKOTRIENE A4 and glutathione. It is the major arachidonic acid metabolite in macrophages and human mast cells as well as in antigen-sensitized lung tissue. It stimulates mucus secretion in the lung, and produces contractions of nonvascular and some VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE. (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990)
Histamine
An amine derived by enzymatic decarboxylation of HISTIDINE. It is a powerful stimulant of gastric secretion, a constrictor of bronchial smooth muscle, a vasodilator, and also a centrally acting neurotransmitter.
Strongylida Infections
Infections with nematodes of the order STRONGYLIDA.
Interleukin-4
A soluble factor produced by activated T-LYMPHOCYTES that induces the expression of MHC CLASS II GENES and FC RECEPTORS on B-LYMPHOCYTES and causes their proliferation and differentiation. It also acts on T-lymphocytes, MAST CELLS, and several other hematopoietic lineage cells.
Nippostrongylus
A genus of intestinal nematode parasites belonging to the superfamily HELIGMOSOMATOIDEA, which commonly occurs in rats but has been experimentally transmitted to other rodents and rabbits. Infection is usually through the skin.
Desensitization, Immunologic
Immunosuppression by the administration of increasing doses of antigen. Though the exact mechanism is not clear, the therapy results in an increase in serum levels of allergen-specific IMMUNOGLOBULIN G, suppression of specific IgE, and an increase in suppressor T-cell activity.
Peanut Hypersensitivity
Allergic reaction to peanuts that is triggered by the immune system.
Cell Degranulation
The process of losing secretory granules (SECRETORY VESICLES). This occurs, for example, in mast cells, basophils, neutrophils, eosinophils, and platelets when secretory products are released from the granules by EXOCYTOSIS.
Filarioidea
A superfamily of nematodes of the suborder SPIRURINA. Its organisms possess a filiform body and a mouth surrounded by papillae.
Anti-Allergic Agents
Agents that are used to treat allergic reactions. Most of these drugs act by preventing the release of inflammatory mediators or inhibiting the actions of released mediators on their target cells. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p475)
Betula
A plant genus of the family BETULACEAE. The tree has smooth, resinous, varicolored or white bark, marked by horizontal pores (lenticels), which usually peels horizontally in thin sheets.
Skin Tests
Epicutaneous or intradermal application of a sensitizer for demonstration of either delayed or immediate hypersensitivity. Used in diagnosis of hypersensitivity or as a test for cellular immunity.
Th2 Cells
Subset of helper-inducer T-lymphocytes which synthesize and secrete the interleukins IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10. These cytokines influence B-cell development and antibody production as well as augmenting humoral responses.
Urticaria
A vascular reaction of the skin characterized by erythema and wheal formation due to localized increase of vascular permeability. The causative mechanism may be allergy, infection, or stress.
Hypersensitivity, Immediate
Hypersensitivity reactions which occur within minutes of exposure to challenging antigen due to the release of histamine which follows the antigen-antibody reaction and causes smooth muscle contraction and increased vascular permeability.
Antigens, Plant
Substances found in PLANTS that have antigenic activity.
Complement C5a
The minor fragment formed when C5 convertase cleaves C5 into C5a and COMPLEMENT C5B. C5a is a 74-amino-acid glycopeptide with a carboxy-terminal ARGININE that is crucial for its spasmogenic activity. Of all the complement-derived anaphylatoxins, C5a is the most potent in mediating immediate hypersensitivity (HYPERSENSITIVITY, IMMEDIATE), smooth MUSCLE CONTRACTION; HISTAMINE RELEASE; and migration of LEUKOCYTES to site of INFLAMMATION.
Receptors, CCR3
CCR receptors with specificity for CHEMOKINE CCL11 and a variety of other CC CHEMOKINES. They are expressed at high levels in T-LYMPHOCYTES; EOSINOPHILS; BASOPHILS; and MAST CELLS.
N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine
A formylated tripeptide originally isolated from bacterial filtrates that is positively chemotactic to polymorphonuclear leucocytes, and causes them to release lysosomal enzymes and become metabolically activated.
Interleukin-13
A cytokine synthesized by T-LYMPHOCYTES that produces proliferation, immunoglobulin isotype switching, and immunoglobulin production by immature B-LYMPHOCYTES. It appears to play a role in regulating inflammatory and immune responses.
Food Hypersensitivity
Gastrointestinal disturbances, skin eruptions, or shock due to allergic reactions to allergens in food.

Evidence for the involvement of IgE-basophil system in acute serum sickness. (1/982)

The role of the basophils in acute serum sickness of rabbits was examined by monitoring daily the absolute number of basophils before, during and after the disease period. After antigen (bovine serum albumin, BSA) elimination, levels of serum IgE and in vitro basophil degranulation in the presence of BSA were determined. The results showed that the onset of glomerular lesions depends upon the simultaneous occurrence of circulating immune complexes greater than 19 S and of an in vivo basophil depletion--probably equivalent to degranulation--reaching 70% of the pre-disease number. Post-disease antigen-dependent in vitro degranulation of the basophils and levels of serum IgE anti BSA did not prove to be good indexes of basophil sensitization. Our data suggest that basophils are instrumental at early stages of the deposition of immune complexes, most probably through their sensitization by membrane-bound IgE antibodies.  (+info)

Detection of allergen-induced basophil activation by expression of CD63 antigen using a tricolour flow cytometric method. (2/982)

In the field of allergy diagnosis, most in vitro functional tests are focused on basophils. Nevertheless, the very small number of circulating basophils limits these experiments and their clinical benefit remains controversial. As flow cytometry is a valuable tool for identifying cell populations, even at low concentrations, we developed a tricolour flow cytometric method for the study of allergen-induced basophil activation. Identification of cells was based both on CD45 expression and on the presence of IgE on the cell surface, since basophils express high-affinity receptors for IgE (Fc epsilon RI). Cell activation upon allergen challenge was assessed by the expression of CD63 antigen on the plasma membrane. Basophil isolation and activation (with the chemotactic peptide formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine) were validated in 32 non-allergic patients. In 12 allergic patients, basophil stimulation by a relevant allergen was in most cases positive (10/12). Furthermore a concentration-dependent hook effect was observed. Of the allergic and non-allergic patients, none showed non-specific activation with an irrelevant allergen (specificity 100%). Overall, our preliminary results, even in a small population, suggest that this is a reliable and valuable method for the diagnosis of allergies complementing specific allergen IgE and skin test results. Obviously, additional clinical studies are needed to validate these first results.  (+info)

Extracellular signal-regulated kinases regulate leukotriene C4 generation, but not histamine release or IL-4 production from human basophils. (3/982)

Human basophils secrete histamine and leukotriene C4 (LTC4) in response to various stimuli, such as Ag and the bacterial product, FMLP. IgE-mediated stimulation also results in IL-4 secretion. However, the mechanisms of these three classes of secretion are unknown in human basophils. The activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs; ERK-1 and ERK-2) during IgE- and FMLP-mediated stimulation of human basophils was examined. Following FMLP stimulation, histamine release preceded phosphorylation of ERKs, whereas phosphorylation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), and arachidonic acid (AA) and LTC4 release followed phosphorylation of ERKs. The phosphorylation of ERKs was transient, decreasing to baseline levels after 15 min. PD98059 (MEK inhibitor) inhibited the phosphorylation of ERKs and cPLA2 without inhibition of several other tyrosine phosphorylation events, including phosphorylation of p38 MAPK. PD98059 also inhibited LTC4 generation (IC50 = approximately 2 microM), but not histamine release. Stimulation with anti-IgE Ab resulted in the phosphorylation of ERKs, which was kinetically similar to both histamine and LTC4 release and decreased toward resting levels by 30 min. Similar to FMLP, PD98059 inhibited anti-IgE-mediated LTC4 release (IC50, approximately 2 microM), with only a modest effect on histamine release and IL-4 production at higher concentrations. Taken together, these results suggest that ERKs might selectively regulate the pathway leading to LTC4 generation by phosphorylating cPLA2, but not histamine release or IL-4 production, in human basophils.  (+info)

Down-regulation of human basophil IgE and FC epsilon RI alpha surface densities and mediator release by anti-IgE-infusions is reversible in vitro and in vivo. (4/982)

Previously, infusions of an anti-IgE mAb (rhumAb-E25) in subjects decreased serum IgE levels, basophil IgE and FcepsilonRIalpha surface density, and polyclonal anti-IgE and Ag-induced basophil histamine release responses. We hypothesized that these effects would be reversed in vivo by discontinuation of infusions and in vitro by exposing basophils to IgE. Subjects received rhumAb-E25 biweekly for 46 wk. Blood samples taken 0-52 wk after rhumAb-E25 were analyzed for serum IgE and basophil expression of IgE, FcepsilonRIalpha, and CD32. Basophil numbers were unaffected by infusions. Eight weeks after infusions, free IgE levels rose in vivo but did not reach baseline. Basophil IgE and FcepsilonRIalpha rose in parallel with free IgE while CD32 was stable. FcepsilonRI densities, measured by acid elution, returned to 80% of baseline, whereas histamine release responses returned to baseline. Basophils cultured with or without IgE or IgG were analyzed for expression of IgE, FcepsilonRIalpha, and CD32. By 7 days with IgE, expression of IgE and FcepsilonRIalpha rose significantly, whereas cultures without IgE declined. IgE culture did not effect CD32. IgG culture did not effect expression of any marker. The present results strongly suggest that free IgE levels regulate FcepsilonRIalpha expression on basophils.  (+info)

Adhesive explant culture of allergic nasal mucosa: effect of emedastine difumarate, an anti-allergic drug. (5/982)

Allergic reaction of the nose comprises of an immediate and a late reaction. To evaluate nasal allergic reactions, many experiments have been performed by investigators. In this study, we performed a new tissue culture technique (adhesive explant culture) to analyze the migration of cells into the culture medium from the cultured allergic nasal mucosa in response to an allergen. Basophilic cells (mast cells and basophils) and eosinophils, which were released into the culture medium after the allergen challenge, were evaluated by the analysis of histamine and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) content in the culture medium. Histamine and basophilic cells in the culture medium were more abundant in the immediate phase (within 30 min) after challenge than in the late phase (from 30 min to 10 hr). On the other hand, ECP and eosinophils in the culture medium were more abundant in the late phase than in the immediate phase. The increase of histamine content in both phases were not inhibited by pre-treatment of emedastine difumarate (EME), an anti-allergic drug. However, the increase of ECP in the late phase was inhibited by pre-treatment with EME. Moreover, the number of EG2-positive cells was also decreased by pre-treatment with EME. These results suggest that EME might lower the activation of eosinophils in the late phase of the allergic reaction. The present study also indicates that this adhesive explant culture system is useful model for studying the cellular allergic responses to drugs ex vivo.  (+info)

The effect of processing on inflammatory markers in induced sputum. (6/982)

The effects of the mucolytic agent, dithioerythritol (DTE), and the temperature at which sputum processing is conducted on cellular and biochemical markers in induced sputum was assessed. Samples from healthy and atopic asthmatic subjects were treated with either DTE or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at 22 or 37 degrees C and compared for cell counts and concentrations of histamine, tryptase, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), free interleukin (IL)-8, immunoglobulin (Ig)A, IL-8/IgA complexes and secretory component (SC). In addition, the influence of DTE on in vitro mediator release from blood eosinophils, basophils and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) mast cells was studied. Processing with DTE improved cytospin quality and increased the cell yield and measurable ECP, tryptase, IgA and SC, but reduced levels of histamine in PBS-treated samples and had no effect on IL-8. Cell counts or mediator levels were similar when sputum was processed at 22 or 37 degrees C, even though DTE induced blood basophils and BAL mast cells to release histamine at 37 degrees C. In spiking experiments, recovery of added ECP, tryptase, total IL-8 and histamine from sputum was similar in DTE- and PBS-processed sputum, but reduced for free IL-8 in PBS-treated samples. In conclusion, dithioerythritol improves cell and mediator recovery without causing cell activation when sputum processing is conducted at room temperature. The extent of recovery depends on the mediator studied.  (+info)

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-3 cause basophil histamine release by a common pathway: downregulation by sodium. (7/982)

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-3 (IL-3) are recognized as enhancers, but not as inducers, of histamine release from normal human basophils. However, when extracellular Na+ is removed IL-3 acquires the capacity to induce histamine release. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether GM-CSF can induce basophil histamine release using the same pathway of IL-3. Leucocyte suspensions from normal human subjects were stimulated with GM-CSF, IL-3 and anti-IgE, and histamine release was evaluated by an automated fluorometric method. In a physiological medium, GM-CSF (10 ng/ml) and IL-3 (10 ng/ml) did not provoke histamine release, in spite of an efficient response to anti-IgE (10 micrograms/ml). However, when extracellular Na+ was substituted iso-osmotically with N-methyl-d-glucamine+ or with choline+, GM-CSF and IL-3 were able to trigger histamine release from either mixed leucocyte suspensions or purified human basophils. The effect of GM-CSF on basophil histamine release was dose dependent, with optimal release at a dose of 1 ng/ml after incubation at 37 degrees for 60-120 min. The kinetics of IL-3-induced histamine release were similar, whereas anti-IgE-induced histamine release was more rapid, being almost maximal after incubation for 30 min. A good correlation was found between GM-CSF-induced and IL-3-induced histamine release; furthermore, the combined effects of the two cytokines were less than additive, suggesting that they share the same pathways leading to histamine release. When extracellular Na+ concentration was increased from 0 to 140 mm, histamine release induced by GM-CSF, IL-3 and anti-IgE was reduced progressively. In contrast, histamine release induced by these stimuli was upregulated when the concentration of extracellular Ca2+ was increased. These results provide indirect evidence that GM-CSF and IL-3 can induce basophil histamine release by a common pathway that is downregulated by Na+.  (+info)

Characterization of mast cell-committed progenitors present in human umbilical cord blood. (8/982)

Human mast cells are derived from CD34(+) hematopoietic cells present in cord blood, bone marrow, and peripheral blood. However, little is known about the properties of the CD34(+) cells. We demonstrated here that mast cell progenitors that have distinct phenotypes from other hematopoietic cell types are present in cord blood by culturing single, sorted CD34(+) cells in 96-well plates or unsorted cells in methylcellulose. The CD34(+) mast cell-committed progenitors often expressed CD38 and often lacked HLA-DR, whereas CD34(+) erythroid progenitors often expressed both CD38 and HLA-DR and CD34(+) granulocyte-macrophage progenitors often had CD33 and sometimes expressed CD38. We then cultured single cord blood-derived CD34(+)CD38(+) cells under conditions optimal for mast cells and three types of myeloid cells, ie, basophils, eosinophils, and macrophages. Of 1,200 CD34(+)CD38(+) cells, we were able to detect 13 pure mast cell colonies and 52 pure colonies consisting of either one of these three myeloid cell types. We found 17 colonies consisting of two of the three myeloid cell types, whereas only one colony consisted of mast cells and another cell type. These results indicate that human mast cells develop from progenitors that have unique phenotypes and that committed mast cell progenitors develop from multipotent hematopoietic cells through a pathway distinct from myeloid lineages including basophils, which have many similarities to mast cells.  (+info)

Hypersensitivity refers to an exaggerated response to a substance or stimulus that would normally not cause a reaction in most individuals. This can manifest in various ways, such as skin rashes, respiratory problems, gastrointestinal symptoms, or even life-threatening reactions like anaphylaxis.

There are several types of hypersensitivity reactions, including:

1. Type I hypersensitivity: This is also known as immediate hypersensitivity and occurs within minutes to hours after exposure to the allergen. It is characterized by the release of histamine and other chemical mediators from immune cells, leading to symptoms such as hives, itching, swelling, and difficulty breathing. Examples of Type I hypersensitivity reactions include allergies to pollen, dust mites, or certain foods.
2. Type II hypersensitivity: This is also known as cytotoxic hypersensitivity and occurs within days to weeks after exposure to the allergen. It is characterized by the immune system producing antibodies against specific proteins on the surface of cells, leading to their destruction. Examples of Type II hypersensitivity reactions include blood transfusion reactions and serum sickness.
3. Type III hypersensitivity: This is also known as immune complex hypersensitivity and occurs when antigens bind to immune complexes, leading to the formation of deposits in tissues. Examples of Type III hypersensitivity reactions include rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus.
4. Type IV hypersensitivity: This is also known as delayed-type hypersensitivity and occurs within weeks to months after exposure to the allergen. It is characterized by the activation of T cells, leading to inflammation and tissue damage. Examples of Type IV hypersensitivity reactions include contact dermatitis and toxic epidermal necrolysis.

The diagnosis of hypersensitivity often involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, laboratory tests, and elimination diets or challenges. Treatment depends on the specific type of hypersensitivity reaction and may include avoidance of the allergen, medications such as antihistamines or corticosteroids, and immunomodulatory therapy.

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening allergic reaction that can occur within minutes of exposure to a specific allergen. It is a medical emergency that requires immediate treatment. Anaphylaxis can be caused by a variety of allergens, including foods (such as peanuts or shellfish), insect stings, medications, and latex.

Symptoms of anaphylaxis include:

1. Swelling of the face, lips, tongue, and throat
2. Difficulty breathing or swallowing
3. Abdominal cramps
4. Nausea and vomiting
5. Rapid heartbeat
6. Feeling of impending doom or loss of consciousness

Anaphylaxis is diagnosed based on a combination of symptoms, medical history, and physical examination. Treatment for anaphylaxis typically involves administering epinephrine (adrenaline) via an auto-injector, such as an EpiPen or Auvi-Q. Additional treatments may include antihistamines, corticosteroids, and oxygen therapy.

Prevention of anaphylaxis involves avoiding known allergens and being prepared to treat a reaction if it occurs. If you have a history of anaphylaxis, it is important to carry an EpiPen or other emergency medication with you at all times. Wearing a medical alert bracelet or necklace can also help to notify others of your allergy and the need for emergency treatment.

In severe cases, anaphylaxis can lead to unconsciousness, seizures, and even death. Prompt treatment is essential to prevent these complications and ensure a full recovery.

Strongylida Infections: Parasitic infections caused by nematodes of the family Strongylidae, commonly found in animals such as cattle, sheep, goats, and horses. These infections can cause a range of symptoms including diarrhea, weight loss, anemia, and poor appetite. The most common species of strongyles to infect humans are S. stercoralis and S. fuellebornii.

Strongylidae is a family of parasitic nematodes that includes several genera, such as Strongyloides, Ollulanus, and Habronema. These nematodes have a worldwide distribution and can infect a wide range of animals, including humans, cattle, sheep, goats, and horses.

Infection with strongyles can occur through the ingestion of contaminated food or water, or through direct contact with infected animals or their feces. The parasites migrate to the intestines, where they feed on the host's blood and tissues, causing a range of symptoms.

The most common species of strongyles to infect humans are S. stercoralis and S. fuellebornii. Infection with these parasites can lead to a condition known as strongyloidiasis, which can cause a range of symptoms, including:

* Diarrhea
* Weight loss
* Anemia
* Poor appetite
* Abdominal pain
* Fatigue

Strongyloidiasis is typically diagnosed through the detection of parasite eggs in stool samples or through the use of serological tests. Treatment typically involves the use of anthelmintic drugs, which can kill the parasites and alleviate symptoms.

Preventive measures against strongyles include:

* Avoiding contact with infected animals or their feces
* Properly cooking meat before consumption
* Avoiding consumption of raw or undercooked meat
* Maintaining good personal hygiene
* Using clean water and sanitation facilities.

Peanut hypersensitivity is a severe allergic reaction to peanuts, which can be life-threatening if not treated promptly and properly. Peanut hypersensitivity is different from a peanut allergy, which is a more common and less severe reaction to peanuts.

Peanut hypersensitivity occurs when the immune system mistakenly identifies peanut proteins as harmful and attacks them, releasing histamine and other chemicals that cause allergic symptoms. The symptoms of peanut hypersensitivity can range from mild to severe and include hives, itching, swelling, stomach cramps, diarrhea, vomiting, difficulty breathing, and a drop in blood pressure.

The diagnosis of peanut hypersensitivity is typically made through a combination of medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests such as skin prick testing or blood tests. The treatment for peanut hypersensitivity involves avoiding peanuts altogether and being prepared to treat an allergic reaction with epinephrine (adrenaline) if it occurs. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary to monitor and treat the allergic reaction.

It is important for individuals with peanut hypersensitivity to carry an EpiPen or other emergency medication with them at all times in case of an accidental exposure to peanuts. It is also important to avoid cross-contamination with peanuts in food and other environments, as even trace amounts of peanuts can cause a severe allergic reaction. With proper treatment and precautions, individuals with peanut hypersensitivity can lead normal and healthy lives.

Urticaria is a condition characterized by the appearance of hives or wheals on the skin, often accompanied by itching and burning sensations. It is caused by an allergic reaction or other trigger that releases histamine and other chemicals from certain immune cells.

The symptoms of urticaria can vary in severity and may include:

* Appearance of hives or wheals on the skin, often in a patterned or widespread distribution
* Itching or burning sensations on the skin
* Redness, swelling, or warmth of the affected area
* In some cases, angioedema (swelling of the deeper layers of skin)

Urticaria can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

* Allergies to foods, drugs, or insect bites
* Exposure to environmental allergens such as pollen, dust mites, or animal dander
* Infections, such as colds or flu
* Physical stimuli, such as pressure, cold, or heat
* Certain medications, such as antibiotics or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
* Hormonal changes, such as those that occur during pregnancy or menstruation

Urticaria can be diagnosed through a physical examination and medical history, and may require further testing to determine the underlying cause. Treatment for urticaria typically involves avoiding triggers, using antihistamines or corticosteroids to reduce symptoms, and addressing any underlying conditions that may be contributing to the condition. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary to manage the symptoms and prevent complications.

Hypersensitivity, Immediate (also known as Type I Hypersensitivity) is an immune system reaction that occurs within minutes to hours of exposure to a specific allergen and results in rapid onset of symptoms. This type of hypersensitivity is caused by the binding of an antigen to surface receptors on mast cells and basophils, leading to the release of histamine and other chemical mediators. The symptoms of immediate hypersensitivity can range from mild (such as hives or itching) to severe (such as anaphylaxis or death).

Some of the key features of immediate hypersensitivity include:

1. Rapid onset of symptoms: Symptoms typically occur within minutes to hours of exposure to the allergen.
2. IgE antibodies: Immediate hypersensitivity is caused by the binding of IgE antibodies to surface receptors on mast cells and basophils.
3. Mast cell and basophil activation: The activation of mast cells and basophils leads to the release of histamine and other chemical mediators that cause symptoms.
4. Anaphylaxis: Immediate hypersensitivity can progress to anaphylaxis, a life-threatening allergic reaction that requires immediate medical attention.
5. Specificity: Immediate hypersensitivity is specific to a particular allergen and does not occur with other allergens.
6. Cross-reactivity: There may be cross-reactivity between different allergens, leading to similar symptoms.
7. Prevention: Avoidance of the allergen is the primary prevention strategy for immediate hypersensitivity. Medications such as antihistamines and epinephrine can also be used to treat symptoms.

Food hypersensitivity refers to an exaggerated response to a food that is typically harmless and does not cause a reaction in most people. It can manifest as an allergic reaction, intolerance or sensitivity to certain foods. The symptoms of food hypersensitivity can range from mild discomfort to life-threatening reactions like anaphylaxis.

There are several types of food hypersensitivity, including:

1. Food Allergy: An immune system reaction to a specific food that can cause symptoms ranging from mild hives to life-threatening anaphylaxis. Common food allergies include reactions to peanuts, tree nuts, fish, shellfish, milk, eggs, wheat, and soy.
2. Non-Allergic Food Hypersensitivity: Also known as non-IgE-mediated food hypersensitivity, this type of reaction does not involve the immune system. Symptoms can include bloating, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and headaches. Common culprits include gluten, dairy, and high-FODMAP foods.
3. Food Intolerance: A condition where the body cannot properly digest or process a specific food. Symptoms can include bloating, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and gas. Common food intolerances include lactose intolerance, fructose malabsorption, and celiac disease.
4. Food Aversion: An emotional response to a specific food that can cause avoidance or dislike of the food. This is not an allergic or physiological reaction but rather a psychological one.

The diagnosis of food hypersensitivity typically involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests such as skin prick testing or blood tests. Treatment options for food hypersensitivity depend on the type and severity of the reaction and may include avoidance of the offending food, medication, or immunotherapy.

BasophilBasophil
This suggests that basophils may play a role in the immune response to these viruses. The role of basophils in the immune ... Basopenia (a low basophil count) is difficult to demonstrate as the normal basophil count is so low; it has been reported in ... Basophils are a type of white blood cell. Basophils are the least common type of granulocyte, representing about 0.5% to 1% of ... The degranulation of basophils can be investigated in vitro by using flow cytometry and the so-called basophil-activation-test ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basophil
Basophil cellBasophil cell
An anterior pituitary basophil is a type of cell in the anterior pituitary which manufactures hormones. It is called a basophil ... These basophils are further classified by the hormones they produce. (It is usually not possible to distinguish between these ... B-FLAT for Basophils: FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH Histology image:14002loa from Vaughan, Deborah (2002). A Learning System in Histology ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basophil_cell
Basophil activationBasophil activation
... including Mast cells and Basophils. Basophils contain many granules inside the cell, which are filled with a variety of active ... This is why basophils are considered with mast cells to be the key cells in allergic diseases. Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is a ... Pilot study on basophil activation induced by contrast medium. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2011;25:267 - 276 Janeway CA, Jr.; et al ... Several minutes at room temperature gives the marker time to bind to the CD63 proteins on the cell membrane of the basophil. A ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basophil_activation
LobationLobation
"Basophil". medcell.med.yale.edu. v t e (Cell nucleus, All stub articles, Cell biology stubs). ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lobation
BelimumabBelimumab
Kaveri SV, Mouthon L, Bayry J (September 2010). "Basophils and nephritis in lupus". N. Engl. J. Med. 363 (11): 1080-2. doi: ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belimumab
Prostaglandin DP2 receptorProstaglandin DP2 receptor
... basophils, and Th2 cells. DP2 activation also stimulates eosinophils and basophils to release the many pro-allergic elements of ... basophils, and Th2 cells at sites of nascent inflammation in animal models. PGD2, acting through DP2, stimulates the in vitro ... and basophils via seven-transmembrane receptor CRTH2". The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 193 (2): 255-61. doi:10.1084/jem. ... DP2 messenger RNA is also expressed by human basophils, eosinophils, a subpopulation of cytotoxic T cells (i.e. CD8+ T cells), ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostaglandin_DP2_receptor
CFU-BasoCFU-Baso
that gives rise to basophils. Some sources use the term "CFU-Bas". Tsuda T, Wong D, Dolovich J, Bienenstock J, Marshall J, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CFU-Baso
Leukotriene D4Leukotriene D4
LTD4 is released by basophils. Other leukotrienes that function in a similar manner are leukotrienes C4 and E4. Pharmacological ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leukotriene_D4
Clonal hypereosinophiliaClonal hypereosinophilia
... basophils, monocytes, and eosinophils; or 2) lymphoid precursor cells which differentiate into T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, or ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clonal_hypereosinophilia
GranulocyteGranulocyte
Basophils have receptors that can bind to IgE, IgG, complement, and histamine. The cytoplasm of basophils contains a varied ... Histamine causes dilation and increased permeability of capillaries close to the basophil. Injured basophils and other ... this polypeptide is produced by basophils and by T-helper 2 cells (TH2). Basophils are one of the least abundant cells in bone ... "Mature Basophil". University of Virginia Health System. Retrieved 2009-04-10. Lee DM, Friend DS, Gurish MF, Benoist C, Mathis D ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granulocyte
TPSG1TPSG1
Beta tryptases appear to be the main isoenzymes expressed in mast cells; whereas in basophils, alpha-tryptases predominant. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TPSG1
Slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxisSlow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis
It can be found in basophils. It induces prolonged, slow contraction of smooth muscle and has a major bronchoconstrictor role ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slow-reacting_substance_of_anaphylaxis
TPSAB1TPSAB1
Blom T, Hellman L (1993). "Characterization of a tryptase mRNA expressed in the human basophil cell line KU812". Scand. J. ... Beta tryptases appear to be the main isoenzymes expressed in mast cells; whereas in basophils, alpha tryptases predominate. ... and Fc epsilon RI gamma mRNAs in human mast cells and basophils by competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TPSAB1
FCER1FCER1
It is constitutively expressed on mast cells and basophils and is inducible in eosinophils. FcεRI is found on epidermal ... Crosslinking of the FcεRI via IgE-antigen complexes leads to degranulation of mast cells or basophils and release of ... Under laboratory conditions, degranulation of isolated basophils can also be induced with antibodies to the FcεRIα, which ... basophils, and eosinophils". Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 117 (2 Suppl Mini-Primer): S450-5456. doi:10.1016/j. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FCER1
Histamine N-methyltransferaseHistamine N-methyltransferase
Borriello F, Iannone R, Marone G (2017). "Histamine Release from Mast Cells and Basophils". Handbook of Experimental ... be it either exogenous came with food or mostly endogenous released from granules of mast cells and basophils as a result of ... and also should avoid intake of histamine liberators which release histamine from granules of mast cells and basophils. In a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histamine_N-methyltransferase
Fragment crystallizable regionFragment crystallizable region
... basophils, and eosinophils; and other processes). In a new development in the field of antibody-based therapeutics, the Fc ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fragment_crystallizable_region
White blood cell differentialWhite blood cell differential
Basophil Basophils exhibit large, dark purple granules that often cover the cell's nucleus. They are the rarest of the five ... Basophils are often quantified using a reagent that lyses the cytoplasm of other white blood cells but leaves basophils intact ... An increased basophil count may also be seen in hypersensitivity reactions and after splenectomy. The basophil count may ... ISBN 978-0-8036-6825-6. Gibbs, Bernhard (2014). "The absolute basophil count". Basophils and mast cells : methods and protocols ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_blood_cell_differential
Mast cellMast cell
Basophils leave the bone marrow already mature, whereas the mast cell circulates in an immature form, only maturing once in a ... The mast cell is very similar in both appearance and function to the basophil, another type of white blood cell. Although mast ... The Fc region of immunoglobulin E (IgE) becomes bound to mast cells and basophils and when IgE's paratopes bind to an antigen, ... Mast cells are very similar to basophil granulocytes (a class of white blood cells) in blood. Both are granulated cells that ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mast_cell
Fc receptorFc receptor
Prussin C, Metcalfe DD (February 2006). "5. IgE, mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils". The Journal of Allergy and Clinical ... mast cells and basophils. As a result of its cellular distribution, this receptor plays a major role in controlling allergic ... and basophils. Fc receptors are found on a number of cells in the immune system including phagocytes like macrophages and ... basophils, human platelets, and mast cells - that contribute to the protective functions of the immune system. Its name is ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fc_receptor
InflammationInflammation
Pharmacological modulation of Mast cells and Basophils. 778: 44-55. doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.04.045. PMC 4636979. PMID ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflammation
Histamine liberatorsHistamine liberators
Borriello, F.; Iannone, R.; Marone, G. (2017). "Histamine Release from Mast Cells and Basophils". Handb Exp Pharmacol. Handbook ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histamine_liberators
Immune systemImmune system
Basophils and eosinophils are related to neutrophils. They secrete chemical mediators that are involved in defending against ... Type I hypersensitivity is mediated by IgE, which triggers degranulation of mast cells and basophils when cross-linked by ... The other cells involved in the innate response include innate lymphoid cells, mast cells, eosinophils, basophils, and natural ... In this category are neutrophils, mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils. Mast cells reside in connective tissues and mucous ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_system
Mast cell leukemiaMast cell leukemia
Characteristically, basophil (e.g. CD11b, CD123) and monocyte markers (CD14, CD15) are absent. The cells usually express CD2 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mast_cell_leukemia
Blood cellBlood cell
Granulocytes include basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils, and mast cells. Agranulocytes include lymphocytes and monocytes. The ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_cell
Phospholipase A2Phospholipase A2
It also causes histamine release in human basophils. Due to the importance of PLA2 in inflammatory responses, regulation of the ... Morita Y, Aida N, Miyamoto T (August 1983). "Role of phospholipase A2 activation in histamine release from human basophils". ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phospholipase_A2
HomeopathyHomeopathy
Hirst, SJ; Hayes, NA; Burridge, J; Pearce, FL; Foreman, JC (1993). "Human basophil degranulation is not triggered by very ... The paper purported to have discovered that basophils released histamine when exposed to a homeopathic dilution of anti- ... Brown, V; Ennis, M (April 2001). "Flow-cytometric analysis of basophil activation: inhibition by histamine at conventional and ... "Human basophil degranulation triggered by very dilute antiserum against IgE". Nature. 333 (6176): 816-818. Bibcode:1988Natur. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeopathy
Evidence and efficacy of homeopathyEvidence and efficacy of homeopathy
The paper purported to have discovered that basophils, a type of white blood cell, released histamine when exposed to a ... Hirst, SJ; Hayes, NA; Burridge, J; Pearce, FL; Foreman, JC (1993). "Human basophil degranulation is not triggered by very ... "Histamine dilutions modulate basophil activation". Inflammation Research. 53 (5): 181-88. doi:10.1007/s00011-003-1242-0. PMID ... "Mechanical agitation of very dilute antiserum against IgE has no effect on basophil staining properties". Experientia. 48 (5): ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evidence_and_efficacy_of_homeopathy
Benveniste affairBenveniste affair
Hirst, S.J.; Hayes, N.A.; Burridge, J.; Pearce, F.L.; Foreman, J.C. (1993). "Human basophil degranulation is not triggered by ... June 1988). "Human basophil degranulation triggered by very dilute antiserum against IgE". Nature. 333 (6176): 816-8. Bibcode: ... This activity observed by staining basophils with alcian blue was confirmed by flow cytometry. Inhibition by histamine was ... "Inhibition of human basophil degranulation by successive histamine dilutions: Results of a European multi-centre trial". ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benveniste_affair
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factorGranulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
GM-CSF stimulates stem cells to produce granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils) and monocytes. Monocytes exit ... Voehringer D (October 2012). "Basophil modulation by cytokine instruction". European Journal of Immunology. 42 (10): 2544-50. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granulocyte-macrophage_colony-stimulating_factor
Innate immune systemInnate immune system
Basophils and eosinophils are cells related to the neutrophil. When activated by a pathogen encounter, histamine-releasing ... Neutrophils, along with eosinophils and basophils, are known as granulocytes due to the presence of granules in their cytoplasm ... The innate leukocytes include: natural killer cells, mast cells, eosinophils, basophils; and the phagocytic cells include ... basophils are important in the defense against parasites and play a role in allergic reactions, such as asthma. Upon activation ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innate_immune_system
Basophil (close-up): MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia ImageBasophil (close-up): MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia Image
Basophils are a specific type of white blood cell. These cells are readily stained with basic dyes (this is where the name ... of this basophil. Basophils make up only a small portion of the number of white blood cells but are important parts of the ... Basophils are a specific type of white blood cell. These cells are readily stained with basic dyes (this is where the name ...
https://medlineplus.gov/ency/imagepages/1442.htm
Lipid hapten containing membrane targets can trigger specific immunoglobulin E-dependent degranulation of rat basophil leukemia...Lipid hapten containing membrane targets can trigger specific immunoglobulin E-dependent degranulation of rat basophil leukemia...
We have studied the binding of liposomes containing dinitrophenylated lipid to rat basophil leukemia cells armed with ... FceRI density and spontaneous secretion from human basophils. MacGlashan D Jr. MacGlashan D Jr. PLoS One. 2017 Jul 3;12(7): ... Stimulation of fluorescence in a small contact region between rat basophil leukemia cells and planar lipid membrane targets by ... We have studied the binding of liposomes containing dinitrophenylated lipid to rat basophil leukemia cells armed with ...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6281271/
Deletion of the NH2-terminal residue converts monocyte chemotactic protein 1 from an activator of basophil mediator release to...Deletion of the NH2-terminal residue converts monocyte chemotactic protein 1 from an activator of basophil mediator release to...
... are considered as major mediators of allergic inflammation owing their actions on basophil and eosinop ... In contrast, the activity of MCP-1(2-76) on basophil leukocytes was dramatically decreased (50-fold) compared with that of full ... The monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP) 1 is a potent inducer of mediator release from basophils but is inactive on eosinophils ... Deletion of the NH2-terminal residue converts monocyte chemotactic protein 1 from an activator of basophil mediator release to ...
https://rupress.org/jem/article/183/2/681/25585/Deletion-of-the-NH2-terminal-residue-converts
NHANES 1999-2000: Complete Blood Count with 5-part Differential - Whole Blood Data Documentation, Codebook, and...NHANES 1999-2000: Complete Blood Count with 5-part Differential - Whole Blood Data Documentation, Codebook, and...
LBDBANO - Basophils number. Variable Name: LBDBANO. SAS Label: Basophils number. English Text: Basophils number. Target: Both ... LBXBAPCT - Basophils percent (%). Variable Name: LBXBAPCT. SAS Label: Basophils percent (%). English Text: Basophils percent ...
https://wwwn.cdc.gov/Nchs/Nhanes/1999-2000/LAB25.htm
Basophils (Percent) - Lab Results explained | HealthMatters.ioBasophils (Percent) - Lab Results explained | HealthMatters.io
Basophils are a type of white blood cell. Basophils work closely with your immune system to d… ... What are Basophils?. Basophils are a type of white blood cell. Basophils work closely with your immune system to defend your ... How many basophils are in my body?. White blood cells make up approximately 1% of all the cells in your body. Basophils are the ... Where are basophils located?. Basophils form in the soft tissue of your bones (bone marrow). After the cells mature, they ...
https://healthmatters.io/understand-blood-test-results/basophils-1
Basophil Archives - Personalize My MedicineBasophil Archives - Personalize My Medicine
Tag: Basophil. The use of Stem Cells in Modern Medicine. Lovisa Lindquist Abbreviations CNS, central nervous system; ESC, ...
https://personalizemymedicine.com/tag/basophil/
Basophil Activation Test (BAT) | CellCartaBasophil Activation Test (BAT) | CellCarta
Monitor the activation of basophils by investigating degranulation markers with a cutting-edge flow cytometry platform. ... Monitor the Activation of Basophils using Flow Cytometry. Reliable Basophil Profiles. Activation and degranulation of basophils ... At CellCarta, we use the FlowCASTTM test to investigate basophil activation in whole blood samples. Basophils are defined as ... Our BAT assay will allow you to monitor the basophil population by investigating degranulation markers with a cutting-edge flow ...
https://cellcarta.com/basophil-activation-test-bat/
Subjects: Basophils - Digital Collections - National Library of Medicine Search ResultsSubjects: Basophils - Digital Collections - National Library of Medicine Search Results
Basophils. Eosinophils Archival Collection: The Florence R. Sabin Papers (Profiles in Science) ...
https://collections.nlm.nih.gov/?f%5Bdrep2.subjectAggregate%5D%5B%5D=Basophils
Dissociation of IgE from receptors on human basophils. I. Enhanced passive sensitization for histamine release<...
Basophils of the 4 ragweed-sensitive donors lost their sensitivity to ragweed after the treatment, but all could be passively ... Basophils of the 4 ragweed-sensitive donors lost their sensitivity to ragweed after the treatment, but all could be passively ... Basophils of the 4 ragweed-sensitive donors lost their sensitivity to ragweed after the treatment, but all could be passively ... Basophils of the 4 ragweed-sensitive donors lost their sensitivity to ragweed after the treatment, but all could be passively ...
https://www.scholars.northwestern.edu/en/publications/dissociation-of-ige-from-receptors-on-human-basophils-i-enhanced-
Myelopoiesis - Basophil progenitor - Servier Medical ArtMyelopoiesis - Basophil progenitor - Servier Medical Art
Myelopoiesis - Basophil progenitor. Anatomy and The Human Body , Cardiovascular system , Blood , Myelopoiesis - Basophil ...
https://smart.servier.com/smart_image/basophil-progenitor-5/
CD62L on blood basophils: a first pre-treatment predictor of remission in severe lupus nephritis. | Nephrol Dial Transplant;36...CD62L on blood basophils: a first pre-treatment predictor of remission in severe lupus nephritis. | Nephrol Dial Transplant;36...
Basophils were recently shown to contribute to lupus nephritis (LN). This study assessed blood basophil activation markers ( ... CD62L on blood basophils: a first pre-treatment predictor of remission in severe lupus nephritis.. Halfon, Matthieu; Bachelet, ... Pre-treatment CD62L expression on blood basophils could be a first predictive biomarker of renal response to induction therapy ... CD62L expression on blood basophils at baseline was independently negatively associated with remission at 12 months [odds ratio ...
https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/perinatal/resource/pt/mdl-33316058
Basophils and IgE: Linking the Allergic Environment to Autoimmunity [Abstract]Basophils and IgE: Linking the Allergic Environment to Autoimmunity [Abstract]
Basophils and IgE: Linking the Allergic Environment to Autoimmunity Nicolas Charles†, Juan Rivera*. Laboratory of Molecular ... As outlined in some of the accompanying articles in this issue, the role of the basophil as an effector cell in allergy and in ... However, recent advances advocate for the basophil as an immunomodulatory cell that can promote naive CD4+ T cell commitment to ... Here we mainly discuss our own work, which provides a new paradigm for the role of basophils beyond allergy. Our findings ...
https://openallergyjournal.com/VOLUME/3/PAGE/81/ABSTRACT/
Severe Asthma: Novel Concepts & Therapeutics | The New York Academy of SciencesSevere Asthma: Novel Concepts & Therapeutics | The New York Academy of Sciences
The Role of Eosinophils and Basophils in Asthma. Speaker. Alison Humbles, PhD** ...
https://www.nyas.org/events/2019/severe-asthma-novel-concepts-therapeutics/
Cellular Components of the Immune System - Immunology; Allergic Disorders - Merck Manuals Professional EditionCellular Components of the Immune System - Immunology; Allergic Disorders - Merck Manuals Professional Edition
Basophils Basophils constitute , 5% of circulating white blood cells and share several characteristics with mast cells Mast ... By releasing these mediators, mast cells play a key role in generating protective acute inflammatory responses; basophils and ... Mast cells are tissue-based and functionally similar to basophils circulating in the blood. ...
https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/professional/immunology-allergic-disorders/biology-of-the-immune-system/cellular-components-of-the-immune-system
Basophils Membrane Expression of Epithelial Cytokines Receptors in Eosinophilic and Non Eosinophilic AsthmaBasophils Membrane Expression of Epithelial Cytokines Receptors in Eosinophilic and Non Eosinophilic Asthma
Basophils membrane expression of IL25 R, TSLP R and IL33 R was analyzed before and after IgE, fMLP, LPS, LTA-SA (Lipoteicoic ... Basophils membrane expression of IL25 R, TSLP R and IL33 R was analyzed before and after IgE, fMLP, LPS, LTA-SA (Lipoteicoic ... Basophils Membrane Expression of Epithelial Cytokines Receptors in Eosinophilic and Non Eosinophilic Asthma. BOITA, MONICA; ... Basophils are effector cells most often associated with airway inflammation in patients with asthma and can have an important ...
https://aperto.unito.it/handle/2318/1583267
Genome-wide association study identifies new HLA class II haplotypes strongly protective against narcolepsy | Nature GeneticsGenome-wide association study identifies new HLA class II haplotypes strongly protective against narcolepsy | Nature Genetics
Higher basophil count decreases narcolepsy risk: a Mendelian randomization study *Ang Li ...
https://www.nature.com/articles/ng.647?error=cookies_not_supported&code=b12f3719-949d-450a-8d12-b4847da8b497
Blood, human basophil activation assay (BAT, fMLP stimulation) - QIMA Life SciencesBlood, human basophil activation assay (BAT, fMLP stimulation) - QIMA Life Sciences
Basophils/Mast cells. Skin and cutaneous appendices , Skin inflammation and disorders , Pruritus, itching. ...
https://qima-lifesciences.com/en/catalogue/blood-human-basophil-activation-assay-bat-fmlp-stimulation/
Table 2 - Melioidosis after Hurricanes Irma and Maria, St. Thomas/St. John District, US Virgin Islands, October 2017 - Volume...Table 2 - Melioidosis after Hurricanes Irma and Maria, St. Thomas/St. John District, US Virgin Islands, October 2017 - Volume...
Basophils. 2.0. NT. 1.1. 0.1. 0.1. 0.1. 0.0%-2.0%. Sodium. 134. 127. NT. 125. 130. 137. 136-145 mmol/L. ...
https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/25/10/18-0959-t2
Cosmetics | Free Full-Text | Evaluation of the Soothing and Protective Properties of a Lignin HydrolyzateCosmetics | Free Full-Text | Evaluation of the Soothing and Protective Properties of a Lignin Hydrolyzate
Basophils are the terminal effectors of in vivo cells reactions. The interaction between basophils and IgEs is mediated by the ... In order to evaluate the effect of the tested product on basophil degranulation, the sample was pre-incubated with a cell line ... The ability of a tested substance or topical products to inhibit the degranulation of basophil cells may be read as an ... The objective of the test is to evaluate the samples efficacy in inhibiting the degranulation of basophil cells mediated by ...
https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9284/6/3/38
Outcomes and Risk of PF-ILD in Primary Sjogrens SyndromeOutcomes and Risk of PF-ILD in Primary Sjogren's Syndrome
Basophil (%). 0.2 (0.1-0.5). 0.3 (0.2-0.6). 0.442. Monocyte (%). 5.25 (4.52-6.00). 5.8 (4.0-7.5). 0.344. ...
https://www.medscape.com/s/viewarticle/995287
White Blood Cell Count - Health Encyclopedia - University of Rochester Medical CenterWhite Blood Cell Count - Health Encyclopedia - University of Rochester Medical Center
This test measures the number of white blood cells (WBCs) in your blood. White blood cells are also called leukocytes. Your bone marrow makes white blood cells and release them into the bloodstream. White blood cells help you fight infection. They are part of your bodys immune system, which keeps you healthy and makes you well when you get sick. White blood cells work to destroy any foreign virus, fungus, or bacteria that enter your body. When you get sick, your white blood cell count is higher than normal. This is because your body is releasing more of these cells to fight the infection. But if you have certain illnesses like HIV or cancer, your white blood cell count can drop to very low levels. It can also drop if you are on medicine that weakens your immune system. This includes medicines, such as chemotherapy. White blood cells are divided into 5 main types: ...
https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?contentid=white_cell_count&contenttypeid=167
DailyMed - ACITRETIN capsuleDailyMed - ACITRETIN capsule
Basophils -Eosinophils. -Hematocrit. -Hemoglobin. -Lymphocytes. -Monocytes. Decreased:. -Haptoglobin. -Lymphocytes. - ...
https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=2150bb0f-551b-4059-a97b-187d3ab22519
Abstract for RR-09Abstract for RR-09
Basophils. -. -. -. % Basophils. ↑ (T). -. -. Eosinophils. -. ↓ (250). ↓ (0.5). % Eosinophils. -. -. ↓ (0.5). Blood urea ...
https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/go/rr09abs
Immune Cells | NIH: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesImmune Cells | NIH: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
Basophils and eosinophils are important for host defense against parasites. They also are involved in allergic reactions. ... Granulocytes include basophils, eosinophils, and neutrophils. Basophils and eosinophils are important for host defense against ... IgD is involved in activating basophils; IgG is important for neutralization, opsonization, and complement activation; IgA is ...
https://www.niaid.nih.gov/node/2879
Biochemistry (1971-75)Biochemistry (1971-75)
ITEM DESCRIPTION & CODES Counts HANES I Data Source PERIPHERAL BLOOD FILM 325- Basophils (Percent of 100 Cells) 326 00-03 - As ...
https://wonder.cdc.gov/wonder/sci_data/surveys/hanes/hanes1/type_txt/h1bichem.asp
A Medical Research Study Designed to Determine if Venglustat Can be a Future Treatment for ADPKD Patients - Full Text View -...A Medical Research Study Designed to Determine if Venglustat Can be a Future Treatment for ADPKD Patients - Full Text View -...
Basophils: ,0.1*10^9/L; and Eosinophils: ,0.5*10^9/L or ,upper limit of normal (ULN) (if ULN ,=0.5*10^9/L). ...
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03523728?type=Intr
New insights into basophil heterogeneity. | Center for the Study of Itch & Sensory Disorders | Washington University in St....New insights into basophil heterogeneity. | Center for the Study of Itch & Sensory Disorders | Washington University in St....
Washington University School of Medicine. Campus Box 8054. 660 S. Euclid Avenue. St. Louis, MO 63110. [email protected]. ...
https://itch.wustl.edu/items/new-insights-into-basophil-heterogeneity/
Pharmacokinetics and safety of zonisamide after oral administration of single and multiple doses to Hispaniolan Amazon parrots ...Pharmacokinetics and safety of zonisamide after oral administration of single and multiple doses to Hispaniolan Amazon parrots ...
Basophils (%). 0.6 ± 0.7 (0-2.0). 0.5 ± 0.6 (0-1.0). 1.0 ± 1.1 (0-3.0). 0 (0). 0.088. ... basophils, and monocytes; concentrations of albumin, BUN, cholesterol, globulin, glucose, phosphorus, total protein, and uric ...
https://avmajournals.avma.org/view/journals/ajvr/80/2/ajvr.80.2.195.xml?rskey=4ZwCkY&result=9
EosinophilsHistamine releaseMast cells and basophilsSuggest that basophilsDegranulationEffectorInverselyMediatorsAllergic inflammationReceptorsGranulocytesImmunoglobulinActivatorInflammationMarkersImmuneSeverityStimulationMembraneLupus nephritisAllergyReleaseLeukocytes0.02InsightsCytokineBiomarkerExploratoryAsthmaResponsesAdvancesPatientsImmunityType of white blooHumanWhite blooTestImportantBloodCellFormFoundContent
Eosinophils6
  • The monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP) 1 is a potent inducer of mediator release from basophils but is inactive on eosinophils. (rupress.org)
  • To obtain information on the structural determinants of the activities of MCP-1, we have synthesized several NH2-terminally truncated analogues and tested their effects on basophils and eosinophils. (rupress.org)
  • Our observations indicate that the recognition sites of CC chemokine receptors on eosinophils and basophils are similar, although they discriminate between MCP-1 and MCP-1(2-76) and suggest NH2-terminal processing as a potential mechanism for the regulation of CC chemokine activities. (rupress.org)
  • Basophils are one of three granulocytes, along with neutrophils and eosinophils. (healthmatters.io)
  • Granulocytes include basophils, eosinophils, and neutrophils. (nih.gov)
  • Basophils and eosinophils are important for host defense against parasites. (nih.gov)
Histamine release5
  • The effects of a SERCA-activator and inhibitor were also assessed on their abilities to modulate basophil histamine release. (kent.ac.uk)
  • Thapsigargin, a highly-specific SERCA inhibitor, stimulated basophil histamine release and potentiated IgE-dependent secretion of the amine. (kent.ac.uk)
  • 2. Chemical constituents of diesel exhaust particles induce IL-4 production and histamine release by human basophils. (nih.gov)
  • 20. Histamine Release from Mast Cells and Basophils. (nih.gov)
  • An enriched basophil preparation was obtained from the samples and incubated with hay extracts to determine the extent of histamine release. (cdc.gov)
Mast cells and basophils1
  • Anaphylaxis is an acute, potentially fatal, multiorgan system reaction caused by the release of chemical mediators from mast cells and basophils. (medscape.com)
Suggest that basophils2
  • These results suggest that basophils from each donor, atopic or nonatopic, had a maximal potential for in vitro sensitization, which was only attained if the plasma contained appropriate, but yet to be fully defined, concentrations of specific and total IgE. (northwestern.edu)
  • While this is in keeping with the concept that the basophil is important in an allergic environment, new discoveries suggest that basophils may be immunomodulatory beyond the context of allergic disease. (openallergyjournal.com)
Degranulation4
  • Activation and degranulation of basophils are often investigated to measure allergy severity, monitor acquisition of tolerance towards allergens, and observe clinical response to immunomodulatory treatments over time. (cellcarta.com)
  • Our BAT assay will allow you to monitor the basophil population by investigating degranulation markers with a cutting-edge flow cytometry platform. (cellcarta.com)
  • Basophils are defined as SSC LOW CCR3+ and the reliable activation marker CD63 is used to investigate degranulation. (cellcarta.com)
  • 14. Leptin enhances survival and induces migration, degranulation, and cytokine synthesis of human basophils. (nih.gov)
Effector2
  • As outlined in some of the accompanying articles in this issue, the role of the basophil as an effector cell in allergy and in host defense (particularly to parasites) has long been recognized. (openallergyjournal.com)
  • Basophils are effector cells most often associated with airway inflammation in patients with asthma and can have an important role in the initiation of Th2 inflammation, as these cells may be activated directly by tissue cytokines (IL-25, IL-33 and TSLP) released by epithelial cells in response to damage signals from allergens, bacterials, virus or pollutants. (unito.it)
Inversely2
  • IL33 R and TSLP R expression on unstimulated basophils were inversely correlated with FEV1 in eosinophilic asthma ( r= -0.45, p = 0.04 and r = -0.70, p = 0.01, respectively). (unito.it)
  • In conclusion, in eosinophilc asthma, airway obstruction is inversely correlated to the membrane expression of TSLP and IL33 receptors on basophils. (unito.it)
Mediators2
  • Chemotactic cytokines of the CC subfamily (CC chemokines) are considered as major mediators of allergic inflammation owing their actions on basophil and eosinophil leukocytes. (rupress.org)
  • Basophils crucially contribute to allergies and other Th2-driven diseases by rapidly releasing inflammatory and immunomodulatory mediators following high-affinity IgE-receptor crosslinking. (kent.ac.uk)
Allergic inflammation3
  • 4. Emerging roles of basophils in allergic inflammation. (nih.gov)
  • 8. Human basophils as effectors and immunomodulators of allergic inflammation and innate immunity. (nih.gov)
  • 17. Basophils and allergic inflammation. (nih.gov)
Receptors4
  • Dissociation of IgE from receptors on human basophils. (northwestern.edu)
  • Treated leukocytes should be useful in studying kinetic and equilibrium parameters of IgE binding to specific receptors on human basophils. (northwestern.edu)
  • Dive into the research topics of 'Dissociation of IgE from receptors on human basophils. (northwestern.edu)
  • We investigated whether IL-25, IL-33 and TSLP receptors expression levels on basophil membrane are associated with asthma phenotype. (unito.it)
Granulocytes2
  • Basophils are also granulocytes, or white blood cells that have granules, or small particles, attached to them. (healthmatters.io)
  • Basophils are the smallest in number of granulocytes but the largest in cell size. (healthmatters.io)
Immunoglobulin1
  • Immunoglobulin attaches to basophils and a similar type of cell called mast cells. (healthmatters.io)
Activator1
  • Deletion of the NH2-terminal residue converts monocyte chemotactic protein 1 from an activator of basophil mediator release to an eosinophil chemoattractant. (rupress.org)
Inflammation1
  • 15. Basophils in skin inflammation. (nih.gov)
Markers2
  • Basophils were recently shown to contribute to lupus nephritis (LN). This study assessed blood basophil activation markers (BAMs) for the diagnosis of LN severity and as pre- treatment prognostic markers of the response to treatment in patients with severe LN. (bvsalud.org)
  • 18. Basophil markers for identification and activation in the indirect basophil activation test by flow cytometry for diagnosis of autoimmune urticaria. (nih.gov)
Immune6
  • Basophils make up only a small portion of the number of white blood cells but are important parts of the body's immune response. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Basophils work closely with your immune system to defend your body from allergens , pathogens and parasites . (healthmatters.io)
  • Basophils are responsible for the body's immune response during allergic reactions. (healthmatters.io)
  • When a foreign organism enters your body, your basophils activate and release these enzymes to assist your immune system's response to destroy the organism. (healthmatters.io)
  • Histamine is secreted by basophils and mast cells as part of a local immune response to the presence of invading bodies. (news-medical.net)
  • 6. Recent advances in understanding basophil-mediated Th2 immune responses. (nih.gov)
Severity2
  • Although these basophil-mediated responses depend on sensitization with antigen-specific IgE, this does not necessarily predict clinical symptom severity. (kent.ac.uk)
  • Since basophils are implicated in asthma severity, our aims were to address whether SERCA2 is implicated in human basophil responses, especially following IgE-mediated activation. (kent.ac.uk)
Stimulation3
  • Basophils membrane expression of IL25 R, TSLP R and IL33 R was analyzed before and after IgE, fMLP, LPS, LTA-SA (Lipoteicoic Acid from S. Aureus) stimulation and correlated with FEV1 of each patient. (unito.it)
  • IgE stimulation significantly increased IL25 R expression on basophils membrane, in both eosinophilic and non eosinophilic asthma (p= 0.001 and p= 0.001, respectevely), the percentual increase being greater in eosinophilic compared to non-eosinophilic asthma (p=0.007). (unito.it)
  • We observed an inverse correlation between basophil responsiveness to IgE-dependent stimulation and SERCA2 expression. (kent.ac.uk)
Membrane2
  • From these studies we conclude that freely mobile nonaggregated lipid haptens in bilayer membrane targets can trigger efficient serotonin release from rat basophil leukemia cells in the presence of specific antihapten IgE. (nih.gov)
  • Whether the expression of epithelial cytokines on basophils membrane may be used as biomarker of severe eosinophilic asthma remains to be investigated. (unito.it)
Lupus nephritis2
  • Our findings demonstrate the importance of autoreactive IgE's, IL-4 and basophils in promoting autoantibody production and the development of lupus nephritis. (openallergyjournal.com)
  • CD62L on blood basophils: a first pre-treatment predictor of remission in severe lupus nephritis. (bvsalud.org)
Allergy3
  • Here we mainly discuss our own work, which provides a new paradigm for the role of basophils beyond allergy. (openallergyjournal.com)
  • 5. IgE and IgG Antibodies as Regulators of Mast Cell and Basophil Functions in Food Allergy. (nih.gov)
  • 12. New insights into the roles for basophils in acute and chronic allergy. (nih.gov)
Release5
  • When the body is exposed to an allergen, basophils release histamine which triggers the physical symptoms of an allergic reaction. (healthmatters.io)
  • Basophils release enzymes to improve blood flow and prevent blood clots. (healthmatters.io)
  • During allergic reactions, basophils release two enzymes, histamine and heparin . (healthmatters.io)
  • You can identify when your basophil cells release histamines because you will experience physical symptoms of an allergic reaction like itchy skin, a runny nose and watery eyes. (healthmatters.io)
  • Basophils also release an enzyme called heparin that prevents blood from clotting too quickly. (healthmatters.io)
Leukocytes3
  • In contrast, the activity of MCP-1(2-76) on basophil leukocytes was dramatically decreased (50-fold) compared with that of full-length MCP-1. (rupress.org)
  • Deletion of the next residue led to total loss of activity on eosinophil and basophil leukocytes. (rupress.org)
  • A short incubation in an unbuffered isotonic saline at pH 3.9 or in an 0.01 M lactic acid/lactate-buffered isotonic saline at pH 3.9 dissociated from 4 x 10 5 to less than 3 x 10 4 IgE molecules per basophil from washed leukocytes of several in a series of 6 atopic and 11 nonatopic donors. (northwestern.edu)
0.021
  • CD62L expression on blood basophils at baseline was independently negatively associated with remission at 12 months [ odds ratio = 0.26, 95% confidence interval 0.08-0.82, P = 0.02 for quantitative CD62L expression >105 (geometric fluorescent intensity) gMFI]. (bvsalud.org)
Insights1
  • New insights into basophil heterogeneity. (wustl.edu)
Cytokine1
  • 16. An IL-1 cytokine member, IL-33, induces human basophil activation via its ST2 receptor. (nih.gov)
Biomarker1
  • Pre- treatment CD62L expression on blood basophils could be a first predictive biomarker of renal response to induction therapy at 12 months in patients with severe LN. (bvsalud.org)
Exploratory2
  • Performed on whole blood samples and using flow cytometry, the basophil activation test (BAT) is an important clinical and exploratory test. (cellcarta.com)
  • The results obtained from this exploratory study indicate that SERCA2 may be an additional regulator of basophil reactivity alongside early excitatory or inhibitory signal transduction pathways. (kent.ac.uk)
Asthma1
  • Like basophils and mast cells, they play a role in allergic reactions, asthma, and fighting parasite pathogens. (healthmatters.io)
Responses1
  • 9. How do basophils contribute to Th2 cell differentiation and allergic responses? (nih.gov)
Advances1
  • However, recent advances advocate for the basophil as an immunomodulatory cell that can promote naive CD4 + T cell commitment to Th2 cell differentiation. (openallergyjournal.com)
Patients2
  • The conclusions drawn are based on studies in a mouse model (Lyn -/- mice) of spontaneous systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-like disease as well as from analysis of the relationship between disease activity in SLE patients and their levels of autoreactive IgE's and activated basophils with antigen presenting capability. (openallergyjournal.com)
  • 7. Clinical and Translational Significance of Basophils in Patients with Cancer. (nih.gov)
Immunity2
  • 3. [The basophil: From control of immunity to control of leukemias]. (nih.gov)
  • 10. Basophil-derived IL-4 plays versatile roles in immunity. (nih.gov)
Type of white bloo1
Human2
  • Human basophils were obtained from buffy coats, following research ethics approval, and further purified by immunomagnetic cell sorting. (kent.ac.uk)
  • 19. Emerging role of human basophil biology in health and disease. (nih.gov)
White bloo1
  • Of all your white blood cells, basophils are some of the fewest in number, at only 0-1% of the total white blood cell count. (healthmatters.io)
Test1
  • At CellCarta, we use the FlowCAST TM test to investigate basophil activation in whole blood samples. (cellcarta.com)
Important1
  • Basophils play an important role helping your body respond to allergic reactions. (healthmatters.io)
Blood3
  • Basophils are the only white blood cells circulating around your body that contain histamine . (healthmatters.io)
  • What are white blood cells and where do Basophils fit in? (healthmatters.io)
  • Basophils are the smallest in quantity and make up less than 1% of all white blood cells. (healthmatters.io)
Cell1
  • 11. Biomarkers for evaluation of mast cell and basophil activation. (nih.gov)
Form1
  • Basophils form in the soft tissue of your bones (bone marrow). (healthmatters.io)
Found1
  • The basophils and mast cells are found in nearby connective tissue. (news-medical.net)
Content1
  • Basophils from the farm er released 12.5 and 25.8% of their histamine content to two hay extracts. (cdc.gov)