A basement membrane in the cochlea that supports the hair cells of the ORGAN OF CORTI, consisting keratin-like fibrils. It stretches from the SPIRAL LAMINA to the basilar crest. The movement of fluid in the cochlea, induced by sound, causes displacement of the basilar membrane and subsequent stimulation of the attached hair cells which transform the mechanical signal into neural activity.
The part of the inner ear (LABYRINTH) that is concerned with hearing. It forms the anterior part of the labyrinth, as a snail-like structure that is situated almost horizontally anterior to the VESTIBULAR LABYRINTH.
The spiral EPITHELIUM containing sensory AUDITORY HAIR CELLS and supporting cells in the cochlea. Organ of Corti, situated on the BASILAR MEMBRANE and overlaid by a gelatinous TECTORIAL MEMBRANE, converts sound-induced mechanical waves to neural impulses to the brain.
One of the three ossicles of the middle ear. It transmits sound vibrations from the INCUS to the internal ear (Ear, Internal see LABYRINTH).
The electric response of the cochlear hair cells to acoustic stimulation.
A genus of the family Chinchillidae which consists of three species: C. brevicaudata, C. lanigera, and C. villidera. They are used extensively in biomedical research.
A membrane, attached to the bony SPIRAL LAMINA, overlying and coupling with the hair cells of the ORGAN OF CORTI in the inner ear. It is a glycoprotein-rich keratin-like layer containing fibrils embedded in a dense amorphous substance.
Sensory cells of organ of Corti. In mammals, they are usually arranged in three or four rows, and away from the core of spongy bone (the modiolus), lateral to the INNER AUDITORY HAIR CELLS and other supporting structures. Their cell bodies and STEREOCILIA increase in length from the cochlear base toward the apex and laterally across the rows, allowing differential responses to various frequencies of sound.
The ability or act of sensing and transducing ACOUSTIC STIMULATION to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. It is also called audition.
A continuing periodic change in displacement with respect to a fixed reference. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
A subfamily of the Muridae consisting of several genera including Gerbillus, Rhombomys, Tatera, Meriones, and Psammomys.
Self-generated faint acoustic signals from the inner ear (COCHLEA) without external stimulation. These faint signals can be recorded in the EAR CANAL and are indications of active OUTER AUDITORY HAIR CELLS. Spontaneous otoacoustic emissions are found in all classes of land vertebrates.
Use of sound to elicit a response in the nervous system.
The narrow passage way that conducts the sound collected by the EAR AURICLE to the TYMPANIC MEMBRANE.
The audibility limit of discriminating sound intensity and pitch.
Fenestra of the cochlea, an opening in the basal wall between the MIDDLE EAR and the INNER EAR, leading to the cochlea. It is closed by a secondary tympanic membrane.
Sensory cells in the organ of Corti, characterized by their apical stereocilia (hair-like projections). The inner and outer hair cells, as defined by their proximity to the core of spongy bone (the modiolus), change morphologically along the COCHLEA. Towards the cochlear apex, the length of hair cell bodies and their apical STEREOCILIA increase, allowing differential responses to various frequencies of sound.
Fluids found within the osseous labyrinth (PERILYMPH) and the membranous labyrinth (ENDOLYMPH) of the inner ear. (From Gray's Anatomy, 30th American ed, p1328, 1332)
Lack of correspondence between the way a stimulus is commonly perceived and the way an individual perceives it under given conditions.
A type of non-ionizing radiation in which energy is transmitted through solid, liquid, or gas as compression waves. Sound (acoustic or sonic) radiation with frequencies above the audible range is classified as ultrasonic. Sound radiation below the audible range is classified as infrasonic.
Thin layers of tissue which cover parts of the body, separate adjacent cavities, or connect adjacent structures.
The 8th cranial nerve. The vestibulocochlear nerve has a cochlear part (COCHLEAR NERVE) which is concerned with hearing and a vestibular part (VESTIBULAR NERVE) which mediates the sense of balance and head position. The fibers of the cochlear nerve originate from neurons of the SPIRAL GANGLION and project to the cochlear nuclei (COCHLEAR NUCLEUS). The fibers of the vestibular nerve arise from neurons of Scarpa's ganglion and project to the VESTIBULAR NUCLEI.
Auditory sensory cells of organ of Corti, usually placed in one row medially to the core of spongy bone (the modiolus). Inner hair cells are in fewer numbers than the OUTER AUDITORY HAIR CELLS, and their STEREOCILIA are approximately twice as thick as those of the outer hair cells.
Measurement of distances or movements by means of the phenomena caused by the interference of two rays of light (optical interferometry) or of sound (acoustic interferometry).
The lower chamber of the COCHLEA, extending from the round window to the helicotrema (the opening at the apex that connects the PERILYMPH-filled spaces of scala tympani and SCALA VESTIBULI).
A spiral thickening of the fibrous lining of the cochlear wall. Spiral ligament secures the membranous COCHLEAR DUCT to the bony spiral canal of the COCHLEA. Its spiral ligament fibrocytes function in conjunction with the STRIA VASCULARIS to mediate cochlear ion homeostasis.
The branch of physics that deals with sound and sound waves. In medicine it is often applied in procedures in speech and hearing studies. With regard to the environment, it refers to the characteristics of a room, auditorium, theatre, building, etc. that determines the audibility or fidelity of sounds in it. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)
Lipids, predominantly phospholipids, cholesterol and small amounts of glycolipids found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. These lipids may be arranged in bilayers in the membranes with integral proteins between the layers and peripheral proteins attached to the outside. Membrane lipids are required for active transport, several enzymatic activities and membrane formation.
The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
An oval semitransparent membrane separating the external EAR CANAL from the tympanic cavity (EAR, MIDDLE). It contains three layers: the skin of the external ear canal; the core of radially and circularly arranged collagen fibers; and the MUCOSA of the middle ear.
Thin structures that encapsulate subcellular structures or ORGANELLES in EUKARYOTIC CELLS. They include a variety of membranes associated with the CELL NUCLEUS; the MITOCHONDRIA; the GOLGI APPARATUS; the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM; LYSOSOMES; PLASTIDS; and VACUOLES.
A common name used for the genus Cavia. The most common species is Cavia porcellus which is the domesticated guinea pig used for pets and biomedical research.
The cochlear part of the 8th cranial nerve (VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE). The cochlear nerve fibers originate from neurons of the SPIRAL GANGLION and project peripherally to cochlear hair cells and centrally to the cochlear nuclei (COCHLEAR NUCLEUS) of the BRAIN STEM. They mediate the sense of hearing.
The voltage differences across a membrane. For cellular membranes they are computed by subtracting the voltage measured outside the membrane from the voltage measured inside the membrane. They result from differences of inside versus outside concentration of potassium, sodium, chloride, and other ions across cells' or ORGANELLES membranes. For excitable cells, the resting membrane potentials range between -30 and -100 millivolts. Physical, chemical, or electrical stimuli can make a membrane potential more negative (hyperpolarization), or less negative (depolarization).
A dimension of auditory sensation varying with cycles per second of the sound stimulus.
The science pertaining to the interrelationship of psychologic phenomena and the individual's response to the physical properties of sound.
Artificially produced membranes, such as semipermeable membranes used in artificial kidney dialysis (RENAL DIALYSIS), monomolecular and bimolecular membranes used as models to simulate biological CELL MEMBRANES. These membranes are also used in the process of GUIDED TISSUE REGENERATION.
Physical motion, i.e., a change in position of a body or subject as a result of an external force. It is distinguished from MOVEMENT, a process resulting from biological activity.
The electric response evoked in the CEREBRAL CORTEX by ACOUSTIC STIMULATION or stimulation of the AUDITORY PATHWAYS.
The essential part of the hearing organ consists of two labyrinthine compartments: the bony labyrinthine and the membranous labyrinth. The bony labyrinth is a complex of three interconnecting cavities or spaces (COCHLEA; VESTIBULAR LABYRINTH; and SEMICIRCULAR CANALS) in the TEMPORAL BONE. Within the bony labyrinth lies the membranous labyrinth which is a complex of sacs and tubules (COCHLEAR DUCT; SACCULE AND UTRICLE; and SEMICIRCULAR DUCTS) forming a continuous space enclosed by EPITHELIUM and connective tissue. These spaces are filled with LABYRINTHINE FLUIDS of various compositions.
An optical source that emits photons in a coherent beam. Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation (LASER) is brought about using devices that transform light of varying frequencies into a single intense, nearly nondivergent beam of monochromatic radiation. Lasers operate in the infrared, visible, ultraviolet, or X-ray regions of the spectrum.
Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.
The semi-permeable outer structure of a red blood cell. It is known as a red cell 'ghost' after HEMOLYSIS.
The motion of phospholipid molecules within the lipid bilayer, dependent on the classes of phospholipids present, their fatty acid composition and degree of unsaturation of the acyl chains, the cholesterol concentration, and temperature.
The properties, processes, and behavior of biological systems under the action of mechanical forces.
NEURAL PATHWAYS and connections within the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, beginning at the hair cells of the ORGAN OF CORTI, continuing along the eighth cranial nerve, and terminating at the AUDITORY CORTEX.
The process by which cells convert mechanical stimuli into a chemical response. It can occur in both cells specialized for sensing mechanical cues such as MECHANORECEPTORS, and in parenchymal cells whose primary function is not mechanosensory.
A quality of cell membranes which permits the passage of solvents and solutes into and out of cells.
The interference of one perceptual stimulus with another causing a decrease or lessening in perceptual effectiveness.
A darkly stained mat-like EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX (ECM) that separates cell layers, such as EPITHELIUM from ENDOTHELIUM or a layer of CONNECTIVE TISSUE. The ECM layer that supports an overlying EPITHELIUM or ENDOTHELIUM is called basal lamina. Basement membrane (BM) can be formed by the fusion of either two adjacent basal laminae or a basal lamina with an adjacent reticular lamina of connective tissue. BM, composed mainly of TYPE IV COLLAGEN; glycoprotein LAMININ; and PROTEOGLYCAN, provides barriers as well as channels between interacting cell layers.
A mechanism of communication within a system in that the input signal generates an output response which returns to influence the continued activity or productivity of that system.

Micromechanical responses to tones in the auditory fovea of the greater mustached bat's cochlea. (1/139)

An extended region of the greater mustached bat's cochlea, the sparsely innervated (SI) zone, is located just basally to the frequency place of the dominant 61-kHz component of the echolocation signal (CF2). Anatomic adaptations in the SI zone are thought to provide the basis for cochlear resonance to the CF2 echoes and for the extremely sharp tuning throughout the auditory system that allows these bats to detect Doppler shifts in the echoes caused by insect wing beat. We measured basilar membrane (BM) displacements in the SI zone with a laser interferometer and recorded acoustic distortion products at the ear drum at frequencies represented in the SI zone. The basilar membrane in the SI region was tuned both to its characteristic frequency (62-72 kHz) and to the resonance frequency (61-62 kHz). With increasing stimulus levels, the displacement growth functions are compressive curves with initial slopes close to unity, and their properties are consistent with the mammalian cochlear amplifier working at high sound frequencies. The sharp basilar membrane resonance is associated with a phase lag of 180 degrees and with a shift of the peak resonance to lower frequencies for high stimulus levels. Within the range of the resonance, the distortion product otoacoustic emissions, which have been attributed to the resonance of the tectorial membrane in the SI region, are associated with an abrupt phase change of 360 degrees. It is proposed that a standing wave resonance of the tectorial membrane drives the BM in the SI region and that the outer hair cells enhance, fine tune, and control the resonance. In the SI region, cochlear micromechanics appear to be able to work in two different modes: a conventional traveling wave leads to shear displacement between basilar and tectorial membrane and to neuronal excitation for 62-70 kHz. In addition, the SI region responds to 61-62 kHz with a resonance based on standing waves and thus preprocesses signals which are represented more apically in the CF2 region of the cochlea.  (+info)

Cochlear function: hearing in the fast lane. (2/139)

The cochlea amplifies sound over a wide range of frequencies. Outer hair cells have been thought to play a mechanical part in this amplification, but it has been unclear whether they act rapidly enough. Recent work suggests that outer hair cells can indeed work at frequencies that cover the auditory range.  (+info)

Direct visualization of organ of corti kinematics in a hemicochlea. (3/139)

The basilar membrane in the mammalian cochlea vibrates when the cochlea receives a sound stimulus. This mechanical vibration is transduced into hair cell receptor potentials and thereafter encoded by action potentials in the auditory nerve. Knowledge of the mechanical transformation that converts basilar membrane vibration into hair cell stimulation has been limited, until recently, to hypothetical geometric models. Experimental observations are largely lacking to prove or disprove the validity of these models. We have developed a hemicochlea preparation to visualize the kinematics of the cochlear micromechanism. Direct mechanical drive of 1-2 Hz sinusoidal command was applied to the basilar membrane. Vibration patterns of the basilar membrane, inner and outer hair cells, supporting cells, and tectorial membrane have been recorded concurrently by means of a video optical flow technique. Basilar membrane vibration was driven in a direction transversal to its plane. However, the direction of the resulting vibration was found to be essentially radial at the level of the reticular lamina and cuticular plates of inner and outer hair cells. The tectorial membrane vibration was mainly transversal. The transmission ratio between cilia displacement of inner and outer hair cells and basilar membrane vibration is in the range of 0.7-1.1. These observations support, in part, the classical geometric models at low frequencies. However, there appears to be less tectorial membrane motion than predicted, and it is largely in the transversal direction.  (+info)

Three-dimensional motion of the organ of Corti. (4/139)

The vibration of the organ of Corti, a three-dimensional micromechanical structure that incorporates the sensory cells of the hearing organ, was measured in three mutually orthogonal directions. This was achieved by coupling the light of a laser Doppler vibrometer into the side arm of an epifluorescence microscope to measure velocity along the optical axis of the microscope, called the transversal direction. Displacements were measured in the plane orthogonal to the transverse direction with a differential photodiode mounted on the microscope in the focal plane. Vibration responses were measured in the fourth turn of a temporal-bone preparation of the guinea-pig cochlea. Responses were corrected for a "fast" wave component caused by the presence of the hole in the cochlear wall, made to view the structures. The frequency responses of the basilar membrane and the reticular lamina were similar, with little phase differences between the vibration components. Their motion was rectilinear and vertical to the surface of their membranes. The organ of Corti rotated about a point near the edge of the inner limbus. A second vibration mode was detected in the motion of the tectorial membrane. This vibration mode was directed parallel to the reticular lamina and became apparent for frequencies above approximately 0.5 oct below the characteristic frequency. This radial vibration mode presumably controls the shearing action of the hair bundles of the outer hair cells.  (+info)

The spatial and temporal representation of a tone on the guinea pig basilar membrane. (5/139)

In the mammalian cochlea, the basilar membrane's (BM) mechanical responses are amplified, and frequency tuning is sharpened through active feedback from the electromotile outer hair cells (OHCs). To be effective, OHC feedback must be delivered to the correct region of the BM and introduced at the appropriate time in each cycle of BM displacement. To investigate when OHCs contribute to cochlear amplification, a laser-diode interferometer was used to measure tone-evoked BM displacements in the basal turn of the guinea pig cochlea. Measurements were made at multiple sites across the width of the BM, which are tuned to the same characteristic frequency (CF). In response to CF tones, the largest displacements occur in the OHC region and phase lead those measured beneath the outer pillar cells and adjacent to the spiral ligament by about 90 degrees. Postmortem, responses beneath the OHCs are reduced by up to 65 dB, and all regions across the width of the BM move in unison. We suggest that OHCs amplify BM responses to CF tones when the BM is moving at maximum velocity. In regions of the BM where OHCs contribute to its motion, the responses are compressive and nonlinear. We measured the distribution of nonlinear compressive vibrations along the length of the BM in response to a single frequency tone and estimated that OHC amplification is restricted to a 1.25- to 1.40-mm length of BM centered on the CF place.  (+info)

A targeted deletion in alpha-tectorin reveals that the tectorial membrane is required for the gain and timing of cochlear feedback. (6/139)

alpha-tectorin is an extracellular matrix molecule of the inner ear. Mice homozygous for a targeted deletion in a-tectorin have tectorial membranes that are detached from the cochlear epithelium and lack all noncollagenous matrix, but the architecture of the organ of Corti is otherwise normal. The basilar membranes of wild-type and alpha-tectorin mutant mice are tuned, but the alpha-tectorin mutants are 35 dB less sensitive. Basilar membrane responses of wild-type mice exhibit a second resonance, indicating that the tectorial membrane provides an inertial mass against which outer hair cells can exert forces. Cochlear microphonics recorded in alpha-tectorin mutants differ in both phase and symmetry relative to those of wild-type mice. Thus, the tectorial membrane ensures that outer hair cells can effectively respond to basilar membrane motion and that feedback is delivered with the appropriate gain and timing required for amplification.  (+info)

Hair cell death in a hearing-deficient canary. (7/139)

Cell death has been documented in bird auditory inner ear epithelia after induced damage. This cell death is quickly followed by an increase in supporting cell division and regeneration of the epithelium, thereby suggesting a possible relationship between these two processes. However, aspects of this relationship still need to be better understood. The Belgian Waterslager (BWS) canary is an ideal system in which to study cell death and subsequent cell division. In contrast to mixed breed (MB) canaries, cell division normally occurs in the auditory end organ of the BWS without any external manipulation. In addition, some of the cells in the auditory epithelium may be dying through an apoptotic-like process. In the present study two methods were used to quantify dying cells in the BWS and MB canary auditory epithelia: morphological criteria and TUNEL. Results confirm that some of the abnormal hair cells in the BWS auditory epithelium are apoptotic-like. The presence of both cell death and cell division indicates that these processes act concurrently in the adult end organ. Future studies are needed to determine if cell death is a stimulus for the observed cell division.  (+info)

Development of the gerbil inner ear observed in the hemicochlea. (8/139)

A frequency-dependent change in hearing sensitivity occurs during maturation in the basal gerbil cochlea. This change takes place during the first week after the onset of hearing. It has been argued that the mass of a given cochlear segment decreases during development and thus increases the best frequency. Changes in mass during cochlear maturation have been estimated previously by measuring the changes in cochlear dimensions. Fixed, dehydrated, embedded, or sputter-coated tissues were used in such work. However, dehydration of the tissue, a part of most histological techniques, results in severe distortion of some aspects of cochlear morphology. The present experiments, using a novel preparation, the hemicochlea, show that hydrated structures, such as the tectorial membrane and the basilar membrane hyaline matrix, are up to 100% larger than estimated previous studies. Therefore, the hemicochlea was used to study the development of cochlear morphology in the gerbil between the day of birth and postnatal day 19. We used no protocols that would have resulted in severe distortion of cochlear elements. Consequently, a detailed study of cochlear morphology yields several measures that differ from previously published data. Our experiments confirm growth patterns of the cochlea that include a period of remarkably rapid change between postnatal day 6 and 8. The accelerated growth starts in the middle of the cochlea and progresses toward the base and the apex. In particular, the increase in height of Deiters' cells dominated the change, "pushing" the tectorial membrane toward scala vestibuli. This resulted in a shape change of the tectorial membrane and the organ of Corti. The tectorial membrane was properly extended above the outer hair cells by postnatal day 12. This time coincides with the onset of hearing. The basilar membrane hyaline matrix increased in thickness, whereas the multilayered tympanic cover layer cells decreased to a single band of cells by postnatal day 19. Before and after the period of rapid growth, the observed gross morphological changes are rather small. It is unlikely that dimensional changes of cochlear structures between postnatal days 12 and 19 contribute significantly in the remapping of the frequency-place code in the base of the cochlea. Instead, structural changes affecting the stiffness of the cochlear partition might be responsible for the shift in best frequency.  (+info)

The hair cells are attached to the basilar membrane, and with the moving of the basilar membrane, the tectorial membrane and ... explanations Basilar Membrane Simulator Video and Scripts to Simulate the Basilar Membrane The role of the basilar membrane in ... which are converted to traveling waves on the basilar membrane. The basilar membrane is a pseudo-resonant structure that, like ... Spiral limbus and basilar membrane. Section through the spiral organ of Corti (magnified) The reticular membrane and subjacent ...
Zweig, G. (1976). "Basilar Membrane Motion". Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology. 40: 619-33. doi:10.1101/SQB. ...
Together with the basilar membrane, the vestibular membrane creates a compartment in the cochlea filled with endolymph. This is ... The vestibular membrane, vestibular wall or Reissner's membrane, is a membrane inside the cochlea of the inner ear. It ... Together with the basilar membrane, it creates a compartment in the cochlea filled with endolymph, which is important for the ... Spiral limbus and basilar membrane. Javel, Eric (2003). "Auditory System, Peripheral". Encyclopedia of the Neurological ...
The MOC innervates the outer hair cells of the cochlea and its activity is able to reduce basilar-membrane responses to sound ... Efferent-Mediated Control of Basilar Membrane Motion; J. Physiol. 576.1, 2006 Smith D and Keil, A; The biological role of the ...
... separated by the basilar membrane and the vestibular membrane (Reissner's membrane) respectively. The cochlear duct houses the ... by the basilar membrane. It is separated from the vestibular duct (scala vestibuli) by the vestibular membrane (Reissner's ... This is attached to the basilar membrane. It also contains endolymph, which contains high concentrations of K+ for the function ... and Development of the Tectorial Membrane: An Extracellular Matrix Essential for Hearing". Current Topics in Developmental ...
A series of sensory hair cells along the basilar membrane respond to send neural pulses towards the brain. Models for the ear ... He found that the pattern of displacements for given frequency sine wave along the basilar membrane rose somewhat gradually to ... The pattern of voltages along the basilar membrane can be viewed on an oscilloscope. Average values can be obtained with ... Neural signals responding to motions of the basilar membrane show responses in one direction as in rectification. At all but ...
The resonance of the basilar membrane in the ear. A wineglass breaking when someone sings a loud note at exactly the right ...
By aligning the electrodes with the positions of the auditory ganglia contacting the basilar membrane as described by the ... Donald D. Greenwood (1961). "Critical Bandwidth and the Frequency Coordinates of the Basilar Membrane". Journal of the ...
The basilar membrane (BM) is a barrier between scalae, along the edge of which the IHCs and OHCs sit. Basilar membrane width ... Teudt IU, Richter CP (October 2014). "Basilar membrane and tectorial membrane stiffness in the CBA/CaJ mouse". Journal of the ... Meaud J, Grosh K (March 2010). "The effect of tectorial membrane and basilar membrane longitudinal coupling in cochlear ... The organ of Corti is located in this duct on the basilar membrane, and transforms mechanical waves to electric signals in ...
Kohlloffel LUE (1972). "A study of basilar membrane vibrations III: The basilar membrane frequency response curve in the living ... causing the basilar membrane to vibrate. Sounds of different frequencies vibrate different parts of the basilar membrane, and ... As the basilar membrane vibrates, the hair cells attached to this membrane are rhythmically pushed up against the tectorial ... in 1954, represents the direct current (DC) response of the hair cells as they move in conjunction with the basilar membrane, ...
Pioneered by Georg von Békésy, a method to observe the basilar membrane in action came about in the mid 1900s. Békésy isolated ... Additionally, there are few ways to study the basilar membrane in vivo. Many revolutionary concepts regarding hearing and ... This conclusion is due to the finding that when deprived of basilar membrane place information, these patients still ... both theories come into play so the brain can utilize the basilar membrane location and the rate of the impulse. Due to the ...
As the organ of hearing, the cochlea consists of two membranes, Reissner's and the basilar membrane. The basilar membrane moves ... Because of the frequency selectivity of the basilar membrane, a filter bank is used to model the membrane, with each filter ... The movement the basilar membrane displaces the inner hair cells in one direction, which encodes a half-wave rectified signal ... The output of the gammatone filter can be regarded as a measurement of the basilar membrane displacement. Most CASA systems ...
This tone burst would stimulate the corresponding area on the basilar membrane. However, if a tone burst is too short in ... This then compresses the scala vestibule into the basilar membrane in the direction toward the scala tympani. A traveling wave ... Some of this energy hits the tympanic membrane and combines with inertial bone-conduction, stimulating the inner ear. An ...
The basilar crest gives attachment to the outer edge of the basilar membrane; immediately above the crest is a concavity, the ...
The tectoria membrane (TM) is one of two acellular membranes in the cochlea of the inner ear, the other being the basilar ... Meaud, Julien; Grosh, Karl (2010). "The effect of tectorial membrane and basilar membrane longitudinal coupling in cochlear ... When tectorial membrane calcium is restored, sensory cell function returns.[1] Floor of ductus cochlearis. Cross section of the ... Due to the increased structural complexity of the TM relative to other acellular gels (such as the otolithic membranes), its ...
Cochlear conductive: due to stiffening of the basilar membrane thus affecting its movement. This type of pathology has not been ... This also allows some inspection of the middle ear through the translucent tympanic membrane. A test administered by a medical ... Located within the scala media, it contains hair cells with stereocilia, which extend to the tectorial membrane. The organ's ... IP injections or local injections into membrane of the round window were given, and permanent threshold shifts (PTS) were ...
These waves travel to the basilar membrane in the cochlea of the inner ear. Different frequencies of sound will cause ... When the hair cells on the basilar membrane move back and forth due to the vibrating sound waves, they release ... This spatial arrangement of sounds and their respective frequencies being processed in the basilar membrane is known as ... vibrations in different location of the basilar membrane. We are able to hear different pitches because each sound wave with a ...
... which includes the basilar membrane, is called the scala tympani. As a result of this increase in length, the basilar membrane ... The basilar membrane separates the cochlear duct from the scala tympani, a cavity within the cochlear labyrinth. The lateral ... He found that movement of the basilar membrane resembles that of a traveling wave; the shape of which varies based on the ... The endolymphatic duct is wrapped in a simple loop around the lagena, with the basilar membrane lying along one side. The first ...
When the basilar membrane is driven upward, shear between the hair cells and the tectorial membrane deflects hair bundles in ... When the basilar membrane moves downward, the hair bundles are driven in the inhibitory direction. When a deformation is ... Hair cells in the cochlea are stimulated when the basilar membrane is driven up and down by differences in the fluid pressure ... ISBN 978-1-107-02308-6. Ehret, Günter (2009-05-08). "Stiffness gradient along the basilar membrane as a basis for spatial ...
The Reissner's membrane transfers the vibrations to the endolymph of the middle canal. The Basilar membrane then vibrates and ... This is then transmitted to the tympanic membrane (eardrum). The sound waves sets up vibrations in the tympanic membrane. The ... The tympanic membrane separates the middle ear from the external ear. The middle ear is joined to the throat via the Eustachian ... The tympanic membrane regularly grows and can automatically self-repair after injury. The middle ear is a cavity that is filled ...
Different regions of the basilar membrane in the organ of Corti, the sound-sensitive portion of the cochlea, vibrate at ... Nerves that transmit information from different regions of the basilar membrane therefore encode frequency tonotopically. This ... increasing in amplitude as it moves along a tonotopic axis in the basilar membrane (BM). This pressure wave travels along the ... found that different sound frequencies caused maximum wave amplitudes to occur at different places along the basilar membrane ...
These waves exert a pressure on the basilar and tectorial membranes of the cochlea which vibrate in response to sound waves of ... These cells sit directly above a basilar membrane (BM) that has high sensitivity for differences in frequency. Sound waves ... However, both the somatic motor and the hair bundle motor produce significant displacements of the basilar membrane. This, in ... The mechanical force that is generated by these mechanisms increases the movement of the basilar membrane. This, in turn, ...
The basilar membrane within the cochlea contains the first of these specializations for echo information processing. In bats ... the movement of the basilar membrane results in the stimulation of primary auditory neurons. Many of these neurons are ... neural investment of any cochleae reported to date with ratios of greater than 1500 ganglion cells/mm of basilar membrane.[ ... there is a disproportionately lengthened and thickened section of the membrane that responds to sounds around 83 kHz, the ...
Within the basilar membrane, energy is transferred, and specific frequencies can be detected and activate auditory hairs. The ...
However, in a normally functioning cochlea, complex broadband signals are decomposed by the filtering on the basilar membrane ( ... evidence for feedback of outer hair cells upon the basilar membrane". The Journal of Neuroscience. 11 (4): 1057-67. doi:10.1523 ...
It allows fluid in the cochlea to move, which in turn ensures that hair cells of the basilar membrane will be stimulated and ... This ensures that hair cells of the basilar membrane will be stimulated and that audition will occur. Both the oval and round ... It is sealed by the secondary tympanic membrane (round window membrane), which vibrates with opposite phase to vibrations ... from the lining membrane of the cochlea; and an intermediate, or fibrous layer. The membrane vibrates with opposite phase to ...
... evidence for feedback of outer hair cells upon the basilar membrane". The Journal of Neuroscience. Society for Neuroscience. 11 ...
The basilar membrane is tonotopic, so that each frequency has a characteristic place of resonance along it. Characteristic ... Basilar membrane motion causes depolarization of the hair cells, specialized auditory receptors located within the organ of ... Inside the organ of Corti is the basilar membrane, a structure that vibrates when waves from the middle ear propagate through ... In this way, the patterns of oscillations on the basilar membrane are converted to spatiotemporal patterns of firings which ...
The lower frequencies were detected when the basilar membrane was stimulated, providing even further evidence for rate coding. ... especially for lower frequencies as they are coded by the frequencies that neurons fire from the basilar membrane in a ...
... s are polyhedral cells on the basilar membrane of the cochlea, and are located beneath Claudius cells. Boettcher ...
There are some examples of pitch which do not have an "edge" on the basilar membrane, which this would account for-e.g., white ...
Examples include models of the mechanical properties of the basilar membrane, the electrically stimulated cochlea, middle ear ...
In front, it is strengthened in the middle line by a strong, rounded cord, which connects the basilar part of the occipital ... This membrane is in relation in front with the rectus capitis anterior muscles, behind with the alar ligaments. Posterior ... The anterior atlantooccipital membrane (anterior atlantooccipital ligament) is broad and composed of densely woven fibers, ... atlantooccipital membrane This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 295 of the 20th edition of Gray's ...
Inside the skull, the two vertebral arteries join to form the basilar artery at the base of the pons. The basilar artery is the ... and enters the vertebral canal by passing beneath the posterior atlantoöccipital membrane. This part of the artery is covered ... At the lower border of the pons it unites with the vessel of the opposite side to form the basilar artery. Triangle of the ... Each vessel courses superiorly along each side of the neck, merging within the skull to form the single, midline basilar artery ...
... of the basilar membrane in response to an input stimulus and summate the vibration of the segments of the basilar membrane to ... The amplitude of a 500 Hz probe tone was used to monitor the vibrations of the tympanic membrane. Various elicitors were ... from the oval window of the cochlea and the tensor tympani muscle stiffens the ossicular chain by loading the tympanic membrane ...
Basilar fractures are in the bones at the base of the skull. Linear skull fractures are breaks in the bone that transverse the ... fracture at or near the site of the impact and cause damage to the underlying structures within the skull such as the membranes ... Basilar skull fractures are linear fractures that occur in the floor of the cranial vault (skull base), which require more ... Basilar fractures have characteristic signs: blood in the sinuses; cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea (CSF leaking from the nose) ...
The membranes create mucus faster than it can be processed, causing a backup of mucus in the nasal cavities. As the cavity ... A basilar skull fracture can result in a rupture of the barrier between the sinonasal cavity and the anterior cranial fossae or ... In cold weather the mucus lining nasal passages tends to dry out, so that mucous membranes must work harder, producing more ... During these infections, the nasal mucous membranes produce excess mucus, filling the nasal cavities. This is to prevent ...
Place theory holds that the perception of pitch is determined by the place of maximum excitation on the basilar membrane. A ...
Frequency resolution occurs on the basilar membrane due to the listener choosing a filter which is centered over the frequency ... and these components cause a peak in the pattern of vibration at a specific place on the cilia inside the basilar membrane ...
... the hair cells on the sensory epithelium of the organ of Corti bend and cause movement of the basilar membrane. The membrane ... It begins when stimulus changes the membrane potential of a receptor cell. A receptor cell converts the energy in a stimulus ...
... resulted from an acoustic surface wave of the basilar membrane into the cochlear duct. His theory purported to explain every ...
The only parts of the body that Kyrle disease do not form are the palms, soles, and mucous membranes. Lesions may heal ... Keratinization in Kyrle disease form at the basilar layer that is lower than the normal proliferation region in the epidermis. ...
... which are cells located on the basilar membrane of the inner ear's cochlea. His name is also associated with "Claudius' fossa ...
... epithelial basement membrane; 121820; TGFBI Corneal dystrophy, Fuchs endothelial, 1; 136800; COL8A2 Corneal dystrophy, Fuchs ... familial basilar; 602481; ATP1A2 Migraine, familial hemiplegic, 2; 602481; ATP1A2 Migraine, familial hemiplegic, 3; 609634; ...
Complications of ETV include hemorrhage (the most severe being due to basilar artery rupture), injury to neural structures (e.g ... This can be due to occlusion of the ventriculostomy (e.g. closure of the ventriculostomy, formation of subarachnoid membranes ...
... cistern basal forebrain basal ganglia basalis nucleus of Meynert basal lamina basement membrane basilar artery basilar membrane ... Tectorial membrane of atlanto-axial joint tectospinal tract tectum tegmen tympani tegmentum tela choroidae telencephalon ... joint systole tabes dorsalis taenia coli tail of pancreas talus tapetum lucidum tarsus taste buds taste pore Tectorial membrane ... broad ligament of the uterus Broca's area bronchi bronchiole bronchus Broner Brunner's gland buccal fatpad buccal membrane ...
There is a deep groove present in the floor of the basioccipital for the basilar artery. The suprastapedial process is fused to ... such as the quadrate and tympanic membrane of Plioplatecarpus houzeaui. Prognathodon giganteus, named by Dollo in 1904, is one ...
... large vibrations with low rate are produced at the apical end of the basilar membrane while large vibrations with high rate are ... By this theory, the pitch of a sound, such as a human voice or a musical tone, is determined by the places where the membrane ... states that our perception of sound depends on where each component frequency produces vibrations along the basilar membrane. ... pulses with a range of rates can be applied via electrodes distributed along the membrane. Experiments using implant recipients ...
Reissner's membrane is a thin membrane that separates endolymph from perilymph; and the basilar membrane is a mechanically ... The cochlear duct is bounded on three sides by the basilar membrane, the stria vascularis, and Reissner's membrane. The stria ... the less stiff the basilar membrane is; thus lower frequencies travel down the tube, and the less-stiff membrane is moved most ... A very strong movement of the basilar membrane due to very loud noise may cause hair cells to die. This is a common cause of ...
In mammals, the auditory hair cells are located within the spiral organ of Corti on the thin basilar membrane in the cochlea of ... The region of the basilar membrane supplying the inputs to a particular afferent nerve fibre can be considered to be its ... The second method uses tonotopic differences of the basilar membrane. This difference comes from the different locations of the ... The first method uses electrical resonance in the basolateral membrane of the hair cell. The electrical resonance for this ...
The tuning of the basilar membrane is due to its mechanical structure. At the base of the basilar membrane it is narrow and ... This attribute of the physiology of the basilar membrane can be illustrated in the form of a place-frequency map: The basilar ... It is thought that each ERB is the equivalent of around 0.9mm on the basilar membrane. The ERB can be converted into a scale ... For example, an ERB number of 3.36 corresponds to a frequency at the apical end of the basilar membrane whereas an ERB number ...
The mucous membrane receives sensory innervation by the posterior ethmoidal nerves (branch of the ophthalmic nerve), and ... and may invade the basilar part of the occipital bone. The septum of the sphenoidal sinuses may be partially or completely ...
He supported the idea that perception of sound derives from signals from nerve cells of the basilar membrane and that the ...
The precise movement of the cochlear basilar membrane (BM) stimulates the sensory hair cells during auditory transduction. ... An emilin family extracellular matris protein identified inthe cochlear basilar membrane. Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, ...
... collagen in the basilar membrane; a structural defect in a membrane-gating protein, such as connexin-26). [18] In some of these ... Along one of the membranes in the scala media, or cochlear duct, lie the internal and external hair cells. Movement of the ... When they strike the tympanic membrane, the waves cause it to vibrate, setting off a chain of vibrations along the ossicles ( ... See Inner Ear Anatomy.) Inside, two membranes longitudinally divide the cochlea into three sections: the scala tympani, the ...
basilar membrane, cochlear amplifier, cochlear mechanics, group velocity, laser vibrometry, traveling wave ... We recorded the vibrations at adjacent positions on the basilar membrane in sensitive gerbil cochleae and tested the putative ... Second, we analyzed local wave propagation on the basilar membrane. We found that the waves slowed down abruptly when ...
19/05/02 : papers: A Review of Active and Passive Basilar Membrane Cochlear Mechanics ...
The largest and significant increases occurred in the basilar membrane, spiral ganglion neurons and stria vascularis of the ...
Microscopic examination of the organ of Corti and basilar membrane demonstrated clear reductions in hair cells with a LOAEC of ... Microscopic examination of the organ of Corti and basilar membrane demonstrated clear reductions in hair cells with a LOAEC of ... 2. Microscopic examination of the organ of Corti and basilar membrane demonstrated clear reductions in hair cells with a LOAEC ...
Minimal basilar membrane motion in low-frequency hearing, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States ... Waves on Reissners Membrane: A Mechanism for the Propagation of Otoacoustic Emissions from the Cochlea, Cell Reports, Vol:1, ...
... basilar membrane at the base of the inner pillar, and nerve fibers in the habenula region; and (2) an outer less stable region ... Double-staining with membrane dye (RH 414, red) and cytoplasmic enzyme dye (calcein,green). The same organ is seen with the two ... Images obtained before and after sound exposure for the membrane (a, b) and the enzyme (c,d) dyes. The reconstruction is the ... It is composed from two stacks of 11 images, one for each of the dyes, the membrane dye RH414 (red) and the cytoplasmic enzyme ...
The fluid then begins to ripple all around, sending tiny hairs into a frenzy inside the basilar membrane. The hairs begin to ...
... and it looks to me like its a width which is equal to the width of the basilar membrane. Because, as you see, as you get ...
The model consists of seven blocks: the basilar membrane (BM), the inner hair cell (IHC), the primary auditory nerve (AN), the ...
College London have now developed a new model explaining how the vibrations of the surrounding bone and the basilar membrane ...
Basilar Membrane - Preferred Concept UI. M0002219. Scope note. A basement membrane in the cochlea that supports the hair cells ... Membrana Basilar Descriptor French: Membrane basilaire Entry term(s):. Basilar Membranes. Membrane, Basilar. Membranes, Basilar ... use LABYRINTH to search BASILAR MEMBRANE 1966-74. History Note:. 91(75); was see under COCHLEA 1990; was see under LABYRINTH ... The movement of fluid in the cochlea, induced by sound, causes displacement of the basilar membrane and subsequent stimulation ...
The model employs a bank of narrowband filters as a simple model of basilar membrane mechanics, spectral on-center off-surround ... The model employs a bank of narrowband filters as a simple model of basilar membrane mechanics, spectral on-center off-surround ...
This depicts a schematic of the basilar membrane deep inside the inner ear and its similarity to a xylophone. Like a xylophone ... These sound waves are like a mallet and the membrane is like a xylophone (see right figure); a sound at a particular frequency ... basilar membrane: http://www.brainhq.com/brain-resources/brain-facts-myths/how-hearing-works ... After sound comes through the ear (through the purple structure called the cochlea, which contains the membrane depicted above ...
c) the basilar membrane. d) all of the above. e) both b and c ...
... slightly concaved it toward the basilar membrane. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that we could select the concentration of ... The thickness of the membranes of the labyrinth was measured, and both ruptures of the membranes and patency of the ... In ears without MD, the Reissners membrane and the membranous wall of the saccule were thinner than that of the utricle and of ... Differential Volume Increase of Endolymphatic Compartments in Ménières Disease Is Inversely Associated With Membrane Thickness ...
... a snail-shell-like bone structure containing auditory hair cells arranged on the basilar membrane (see Figure 4) according to ... Tympanic membrane. Thin, stretched membrane in the middle ear that vibrates in response to sound. Also called the eardrum.. ... stretched membrane called the tympanic membrane (eardrum), which vibrates against the three smallest bones in the body-the ... Web: Animation showing tonotopic organization of the basilar membrane.. Web: Best Illusion of the Year Contest website. http:// ...
... proposes coherent reflections of basilar membrane (BM) traveling waves between the stapes and points of slight functional ...
An important step in this process involves the passage of sound waves through the basilar membrane in our ear. The basilar ... Hair cells are located at the top of the basilar membrane. These hair cells are responsible for relaying sound information to ... membrane is the base in which key hearing structures of our ear are located. ...
Estimates of basilar-membrane nonlinearity effects on masking of tones and speech. Ear Hear. 2007 Feb; 28(1):2-17. View in: ... Speech recognition in noise: estimating effects of compressive nonlinearities in the basilar-membrane response. Ear Hear. 2007 ...
Both AC and BC stimulate the basilar membrane of the cochlea in the same way. At this point its worth noting that the basilar ... The organ of Corti lies on the basilar membrane at the base of the cochlear duct. Under the organ of Corti is the tympanic duct ... The basilar membrane separates the tympanic and cochlear ducts (segregating endolymph and perilymph, though its permeable to ... The membrane has three layers, the outer - part of the skin of the ear canal, the inner - part of the mucous membrane lining ...
This barrier is known as the basilar membrane because it serves as the base or first floor on which the principal auditory ... The waveforms travel down the basilar membrane when the fluid in the cochlea vibrates owing to vibration. This wave is followed ... by a layer of sensory hair cells immediately above the basilar membrane. ...
Stiff precurved arrays are far more likely to penetrate the basilar membrane and cross into the scala vestibuli. This issue is ... the basilar membrane or other essential neural structures.[ft][ft][ft][ft][ft][ft][ft][ft] ... the FLEXTip can be safely and reliable placed in the second turn of the scala tympani without harming the basilar membrane. ... the electrode array can align with the natural tonotopic map of the basilar membrane and spiral ganglion all along the cochlea ...
Intu the descending upon the is situated on the mass of the basilar membrane by a small, it. The ilio-tibial band ib being ...
The basilar membrane is named because it acts as the foundation or first floor upon which the primary auditory structures are ... This wave is followed by the hair cells, which are sensory cells that reside on top of the basilar membrane. Microscopic hair- ... We are travelling waveforms along the basilar membrane when vibrations cause the fluid in the cochlea to oscillate. ... The cochlea is split into two portions by a membrane called the cochlea membrane a flexible split that goes from start to ...
Similar to the basilar membrane in the mammalian ear, the CA contains mechanosensory receptors which are activated through the ... Similar to the basilar membrane in the mammalian ear, the CA contains mechanosensory receptors which are activated through the ... Similar to the basilar membrane in the mammalian ear, the CA contains mechanosensory receptors which are activated through the ... Similar to the basilar membrane in the mammalian ear, the CA contains mechanosensory receptors which are activated through the ...
  • Right: The arrangement of the basilar membrane (BM), outer hair cells (OHC), inner hair cells (IHC) and tectorial membrane (TM). (nih.gov)
  • Winding through the cochlear interior is the 'organ of Corti,' consisting of the basilar membrane, atop which sit the outer and inner hair cells, bounded at their apical surfaces by the tectorial membrane. (nih.gov)
  • Vibrations of the basilar membrane cause the hair cells to deform against the tectorial membrane, stimulating the neurons that innervate the hair cells. (nih.gov)
  • The auricle twists and folds in such a way that it enhances sound within seams typical of the human voice (much like the tectorial membrane). (patrickfarmer.org)
  • Hair cells are spread across a flat surface called the basilar membrane, which is rolled like a carpet and tucked into a snail shell-shaped structure in the inner ear called the cochlea. (nih.gov)
  • The basilar papilla in chickens, like the cochlea in mammals, has hair cells arranged along the length of a basilar membrane according to frequency. (nih.gov)
  • When they strike the tympanic membrane, the waves cause it to vibrate, setting off a chain of vibrations along the ossicles (malleus, incus, and stapes) to the membrane of the oval window at the entrance to the cochlea. (medscape.com)
  • Inside, two membranes longitudinally divide the cochlea into three sections: the scala tympani, the scala vestibuli, and the scala media. (medscape.com)
  • A basement membrane in the cochlea that supports the hair cells of the ORGAN OF CORTI , consisting keratin-like fibrils. (nih.gov)
  • The movement of fluid in the cochlea, induced by sound, causes displacement of the basilar membrane and subsequent stimulation of the attached hair cells which transform the mechanical signal into neural activity. (nih.gov)
  • The largest and significant increases occurred in the basilar membrane, spiral ganglion neurons and stria vascularis of the cochlea. (cdc.gov)
  • The membrane produces a new signal to the cochlea, a spiral organ which in turn stimulates neural receptors to send signals to the brain's higher centers. (nih.gov)
  • After sound comes through the ear (through the purple structure called the cochlea , which contains the membrane depicted above), it makes many stops through the brainstem and lands in the auditory corte x. (neuwritesd.org)
  • Once the vibrations cause the fluid inside the cochlea to ripple, a traveling wave forms along the basilar membrane. (nih.gov)
  • Left: The cochlear partition, showing the path taken by the basilar membrane through the interior of the cochlea. (nih.gov)
  • Sound waves arrive to the auricle and are channeled through the external auditory canal to the tympanic membrane. (medscape.com)
  • A nurse practitioner or physician as a rule performs inspection of the taste canal and tympanic membrane with an otoscope. (rmht-taximoto.fr)
  • The model employs a bank of narrowband filters as a simple model of basilar membrane mechanics, spectral on-center off-surround competitive interactions, and a "harmonic sieve" mechanism whereby the strength of a pitch depends only on spectral regions near harmonics. (harvard.edu)
  • Estimates of basilar-membrane nonlinearity effects on masking of tones and speech. (musc.edu)
  • We recorded the vibrations at adjacent positions on the basilar membrane in sensitive gerbil cochleae and tested the putative power amplification in two ways. (eur.nl)
  • Like a xylophone, it is smaller but thicker at the base and longer and thinner at the apex, and this results in higher frequency sound waves displacing the membrane at its base and lower frequency sounds at its apex. (neuwritesd.org)
  • An important step in this process involves the passage of sound waves through the basilar membrane in our ear. (francisaudiology.com)
  • These cells are ordered along the basilar membrane according to the frequencies they detect. (nih.gov)
  • Decreasing levels of Bmp7 along the length of the basilar papilla map result in a gradual tuning to higher frequencies. (nih.gov)
  • Emilin 2 promotes the mechanical gradient of the cochlear basilar membrane and resolution of frequencies in sound. (nih.gov)
  • The model consists of seven blocks: the basilar membrane (BM), the inner hair cell (IHC), the primary auditory nerve (AN), the ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN), the inferior colliculus (IC), the medial geniculate body (MGB), and the A1 neuron. (actapress.com)
  • In the ear, this may lead to a reduction in basilar membrane motion, altering the activity of auditory nerve fibers and reducing the range of dynamic hearing. (nih.gov)
  • The scientists identified a concentration gradient of bone morphogenetic protein 7 (Bmp7) across the length of the basilar papilla at the time of chick hair cell formation. (nih.gov)
  • It encodes a plasma membrane protein that forms homo- or hetero-oligomeric divalent cation channels. (nih.gov)
  • The precise movement of the cochlear basilar membrane (BM) stimulates the sensory hair cells during auditory transduction. (sussex.ac.uk)
  • For example, the characterization of the membrane properties of the sensory and neural elements within the organ of Corti has begun to provide an understanding of the molecular bases of auditory function. (nih.gov)
  • Hair cells-sensory cells sitting on top of the basilar membrane-ride the wave. (nih.gov)
  • Microscopic examination of the organ of Corti and basilar membrane demonstrated clear reductions in hair cells with a LOAEC of 200 ppm. (europa.eu)
  • The cells in the organ were labeled with two fluorescent probes, a membrane dye and a cytoplasm dye, showing enzymatic activity in living cells. (jneurosci.org)
  • It stretches from the SPIRAL LAMINA to the basilar crest. (nih.gov)
  • While this stepwise arrangement of hair cells on the basilar membrane-the tonotopic map-has been known for years, how the cells become ordered this way was unknown. (nih.gov)
  • When they bathed developing basilar papillas in a solution containing Bmp7, they found that all the hair cells-even those at the high-frequency end-developed characteristics of low-frequency-sensing hair cells. (nih.gov)
  • These results suggest that during embryonic development, high levels of Bmp7 at one end of the basilar papilla signal the formation of low-frequency-sensing hair cells. (nih.gov)
  • Along one of the membranes in the scala media, or cochlear duct, lie the internal and external hair cells. (medscape.com)
  • Hair cells are located at the top of the basilar membrane. (francisaudiology.com)
  • SOAEs are electromechanical basilar-membrane artefacts that rarely produce audible tones. (philarchive.org)
  • This partition is called the basilar membrane because it serves as the base, or ground floor, on which key hearing structures sit. (nih.gov)
  • The basilar membrane is the base in which key hearing structures of our ear are located. (francisaudiology.com)
  • For example, 'The transduction process should be too slow it should take time to charge up the cell membranes somehow, there's something there that bypasses that. (nih.gov)
  • Emilin 2 promotes the mechanical gradient of the cochlear basilar membrane and resolution of frequencies in sound. (nih.gov)
  • The basilar membrane separates the cochlear duct from the scala tympani, a cavity within the cochlear labyrinth. (medscape.com)
  • The basic principles of this local control are illustrated in the images below and are outlined as follows: First, an anatomic barrier exists between perilymph and endolymph, and it consists of Reissner membrane, the stria vascularis, and the reticular lamina formed by tight junctions between the apices of hair cells and the adjacent supporting cells (see the image above). (medscape.com)
  • The proportional, variant3, proportional, variant4, and proportional, variant5 chains of type IV collagen are present in the basement membrane of the organ of Corti. (nih.gov)
  • By light microscopy, eight of nine cases demonstrated two unique pathologic changes: 1) a "zone of separation" between the basilar membrane and overlying cells of the organ of Corti and 2) presence of cells filling the tunnel of Corti and extracellular spaces of Nuel. (nih.gov)
  • These cells' membrane conductivity for K+ is regulated by newly discovered voltage-dependent BK (big-conductance K) channels. (medscape.com)
  • When they bathed developing basilar papillas in a solution containing Bmp7, they found that all the hair cells-even those at the high-frequency end-developed characteristics of low-frequency-sensing hair cells. (nih.gov)
  • These results suggest that during embryonic development, high levels of Bmp7 at one end of the basilar papilla signal the formation of low-frequency-sensing hair cells. (nih.gov)
  • Hair cells-sensory cells sitting on top of the basilar membrane-ride the wave. (nih.gov)
  • For some time, scientists had known that an acoustic signal enters the inner ear where it energizes a drum-like sheet called the 'basilar membrane. (nih.gov)
  • A wave is shown traveling through a portion of the basilar membrane, at bottom. (nih.gov)
  • This partition is called the basilar membrane because it serves as the base, or ground floor, on which key hearing structures sit. (nih.gov)