A phylum of fungi that produce their sexual spores (basidiospores) on the outside of the basidium. It includes forms commonly known as mushrooms, boletes, puffballs, earthstars, stinkhorns, bird's-nest fungi, jelly fungi, bracket or shelf fungi, and rust and smut fungi.
A republic in the north of South America, east of VENEZUELA and west of SURINAME. Its capital is Georgetown.
An order of fungi in the phylum BASIDIOMYCOTA having macroscopic basidiocarps. The members are characterized by their saprophytic activities as decomposers, particularly in the degradation of CELLULOSE and LIGNIN. A large number of species in the order have been used medicinally. (From Alexopoulos, Introductory Mycology, 4th ed, pp504-68)
The fruiting 'heads' or 'caps' of FUNGI, which as a food item are familiarly known as MUSHROOMS, that contain the FUNGAL SPORES.
The intergenic DNA segments that are between the ribosomal RNA genes (internal transcribed spacers) and between the tandemly repeated units of rDNA (external transcribed spacers and nontranscribed spacers).
An extensive order of basidiomycetous fungi whose fruiting bodies are commonly called mushrooms.
A kingdom of eukaryotic, heterotrophic organisms that live parasitically as saprobes, including MUSHROOMS; YEASTS; smuts, molds, etc. They reproduce either sexually or asexually, and have life cycles that range from simple to complex. Filamentous fungi, commonly known as molds, refer to those that grow as multicellular colonies.
Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of fungi.
Reproductive bodies produced by fungi.
Symbiotic combination (dual organism) of the MYCELIUM of FUNGI with the roots of plants (PLANT ROOTS). The roots of almost all higher plants exhibit this mutually beneficial relationship, whereby the fungus supplies water and mineral salts to the plant, and the plant supplies CARBOHYDRATES to the fungus. There are two major types of mycorrhizae: ectomycorrhizae and endomycorrhizae.
The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.
Constituent of the 60S subunit of eukaryotic ribosomes. 28S rRNA is involved in the initiation of polypeptide synthesis in eukaryotes.
A red yeast-like mitosporic fungal genus generally regarded as nonpathogenic. It is cultured from numerous sources in human patients.
A phylum of fungi which have cross-walls or septa in the mycelium. The perfect state is characterized by the formation of a saclike cell (ascus) containing ascospores. Most pathogenic fungi with a known perfect state belong to this phylum.
Procedures for identifying types and strains of fungi.
Constituent of the 40S subunit of eukaryotic ribosomes. 18S rRNA is involved in the initiation of polypeptide synthesis in eukaryotes.
The complete gene complement contained in a set of chromosomes in a fungus.
DNA sequences encoding RIBOSOMAL RNA and the segments of DNA separating the individual ribosomal RNA genes, referred to as RIBOSOMAL SPACER DNA.
A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.
Woody, usually tall, perennial higher plants (Angiosperms, Gymnosperms, and some Pterophyta) having usually a main stem and numerous branches.
The variety of all native living organisms and their various forms and interrelationships.
The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.
The most abundant form of RNA. Together with proteins, it forms the ribosomes, playing a structural role and also a role in ribosomal binding of mRNA and tRNAs. Individual chains are conventionally designated by their sedimentation coefficients. In eukaryotes, four large chains exist, synthesized in the nucleolus and constituting about 50% of the ribosome. (Dorland, 28th ed)
Proteins found in any species of fungus.
The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in the soil. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms.
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
The process of cumulative change at the level of DNA; RNA; and PROTEINS, over successive generations.
The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.
A functional system which includes the organisms of a natural community together with their environment. (McGraw Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.
In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

The nuclear ribosomal DNA intergenic spacer as a target sequence to study intraspecific diversity of the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete Hebeloma cylindrosporum directly on pinus root systems. (1/1530)

Polymorphism of the nuclear ribosomal DNA intergenic spacer (IGS) of the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete Hebeloma cylindrosporum was studied to evaluate whether this sequence could be used in field studies to estimate the diversity of strains forming mycorrhizas on individual Pinus pinaster root systems. This sequence was amplified by PCR from 125 haploid homokaryotic strains collected in 14 P. pinaster stands along the Atlantic coast of France by using conserved oligonucleotide primers. Restriction enzyme digestion of the amplified 3.4-kbp-long IGS allowed us to characterize 24 alleles whose frequencies differed. Nine of these alleles were found only once, whereas about 60% of the strains contained four of the alleles. Local populations could be almost as diverse as the entire population along a 150-km stretch of coastline that was examined; for example, 13 alleles were found in a single forest stand. The IGS from one strain was partially sequenced, and the sequence data were used to design oligonucleotides which allowed separate PCR amplification of three different segments of the IGS. Most polymorphisms observed among the full-length IGS regions resulted from polymorphisms in an internal ca. 1,500-bp-long sequence characterized by length variations that may have resulted from variable numbers of a T2AG3 motif. This internal polymorphic sequence could not be amplified from the genomes of nine other Hebeloma species. Analysis of this internal sequence amplified from the haploid progenies of 10 fruiting bodies collected in a 70-m2 area resulted in identification of six allelic forms and seven distinct diplotypes out of the 21 possible different combinations. Moreover, optimization of the PCR conditions resulted in amplification of this sequence from more than 80% of the DNA samples extracted from individual H. cylindrosporum infected P. pinaster mycorrhizal root tips, thus demonstrating the usefulness of this sequence for studying the below-ground diversity of mycorrhizas formed by genets belonging to the same fungal species.  (+info)

Cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding a novel extracellular peroxidase from Trametes versicolor. (2/1530)

The white rot basidiomycete Trametes versicolor secretes a large number of peroxidases which are believed to be involved in the degradation of polymeric lignin. These peroxidases have been classified previously as lignin peroxidases or manganese peroxidases (MnP). We have isolated a novel extracellular peroxidase-encoding cDNA sequence from T. versicolor CU1, the transcript levels of which are repressed by low concentrations of Mn2+ and induced by nitrogen and carbon but not induced in response to a range of stresses which have been reported to induce MnP expression.  (+info)

Direct interaction of lignin and lignin peroxidase from Phanerochaete chrysosporium. (3/1530)

Binding properties of lignin peroxidase (LiP) from the basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium against a synthetic lignin (dehydrogenated polymerizate, DHP) were studied with a resonant mirror biosensor. Among several ligninolytic enzymes, only LiP specifically binds to DHP. Kinetic analysis revealed that the binding was reversible, and that the dissociation equilibrium constant was 330 microM. The LiP-DHP interaction was controlled by the ionization group with a pKa of 5.3, strongly suggesting that a specific amino acid residue plays a role in lignin binding. A one-electron transfer from DHP to oxidized intermediates LiP compounds I and II (LiPI and LiPII) was characterized by using a stopped-flow technique, showing that binding interactions of DHP with LiPI and LiPII led to saturation kinetics. The dissociation equilibrium constants for LiPI-DHP and LiPII-DHP interactions were calculated to be 350 and 250 microM, and the first-order rate constants for electron transfer from DHP to LiPI and to LiPII were calculated to be 46 and 16 s-1, respectively. These kinetic and spectral studies strongly suggest that LiP is capable of oxidizing lignin directly at the protein surface by a long-range electron transfer process. A close look at the crystal structure suggested that LiP possesses His-239 as a possible lignin-binding site on the surface, which is linked to Asp-238. This Asp residue is hydrogen-bonded to the proximal His-176. This His-Asp...proximal-His motif would be a possible electron transfer route to oxidize polymeric lignin.  (+info)

A different approach to treatment of phenylketonuria: phenylalanine degradation with recombinant phenylalanine ammonia lyase. (4/1530)

Phenylketonuria (PKU), with its associated hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA) and mental retardation, is a classic genetic disease and the first to have an identified chemical cause of impaired cognitive development. Treatment from birth with a low phenylalanine diet largely prevents the deviant cognitive phenotype by ameliorating HPA and is recognized as one of the first effective treatments of a genetic disease. However, compliance with dietary treatment is difficult and when it is for life, as now recommended by an internationally used set of guidelines, is probably unrealistic. Herein we describe experiments on a mouse model using another modality for treatment of PKU compatible with better compliance using ancillary phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL, EC 4.3.1.5) to degrade phenylalanine, the harmful nutrient in PKU; in this treatment, PAL acts as a substitute for the enzyme phenylalanine monooxygenase (EC 1.14.16.1), which is deficient in PKU. PAL, a robust enzyme without need for a cofactor, converts phenylalanine to trans-cinnamic acid, a harmless metabolite. We describe (i) an efficient recombinant approach to produce PAL enzyme, (ii) testing of PAL in orthologous N-ethyl-N'-nitrosourea (ENU) mutant mouse strains with HPA, and (iii) proofs of principle (PAL reduces HPA)-both pharmacologic (with a clear dose-response effect vs. HPA after PAL injection) and physiologic (protected enteral PAL is significantly effective vs. HPA). These findings open another way to facilitate treatment of this classic genetic disease.  (+info)

Molecular gene organisation and secondary structure of the mitochondrial large subunit ribosomal RNA from the cultivated Basidiomycota Agrocybe aegerita: a 13 kb gene possessing six unusual nucleotide extensions and eight introns. (5/1530)

The complete gene sequence and secondary structure of the mitochondrial LSU rRNA from the cultivated Basidiomycota Agrocybe aegerita was derived by chromosome walking. The A.aegerita LSU rRNA gene (13 526 nt) represents, to date, the longest described, due to the highest number of introns (eight) and the occurrence of six long nucleotidic extensions. Seven introns belong to group I, while the intronic sequence i5 constitutes the first typical group II intron reported in a fungal mitochondrial LSU rDNA. As with most fungal LSU rDNA introns reported to date, four introns (i5-i8) are distributed in domain V associated with the peptidyl-transferase activity. One intron (i1) is located in domain I, and three (i2-i4) in domain II. The introns i2-i8 possess homologies with other fungal, algal or protozoan introns located at the same position in LSU rDNAs. One of them (i6) is located at the same insertion site as most Ascomycota or algae LSU introns, suggesting a possible inheritance from a common ancestor. On the contrary, intron i1 is located at a so-far unreported insertion site. Among the six unusual nucleotide extensions, five are located in domain I and one in domain V. This is the first report of a mitochondrial LSU rRNA gene sequence and secondary structure for the whole Basidiomycota division.  (+info)

Lignocellulose degradation by Phanerochaete chrysosporium: purification and characterization of the main alpha-galactosidase. (6/1530)

The main alpha-galactosidase was purified to homogeneity, in 30% yield, from a solid culture of Phanerochaete chrysosporium on 1 part wheat bran/2 parts thermomechanical softwood pulp. It is a glycosylated tetramer of 50 kDa peptide chains, which gives the N-terminal sequence ADNGLAITPQMG(?W)NT(?W)NHFG(?W)DIS(?W)DTI. It is remarkably stable, with crude extracts losing no activity over 3 h at 80 degrees C, and the purified enzyme retaining its activity over several months at 4 degrees C. The kinetics of hydrolysis at 25 degrees C of various substrates by this retaining enzyme were measured, absolute parameters being obtained by active-site titration with 2',4',6'-trinitrophenyl 2-deoxy-2, 2-difluoro-alpha-D-galactopyranoside. The variation of kcat/Km for 1-naphthyl-alpha-D-galactopyranoside with pH is bell-shaped, with pK1=1.91 and pK2=5.54. The alphaD(V/K) value for p-nitrophenyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside is 1.031+/-0.007 at the optimal pH of 3.75 and 1.114+/-0.006 at pH7.00, indicating masking of the intrinsic effect at optimal pH. There is no alpha-2H effect on binding galactose [alphaD(Ki)=0.994+/-0.013]. The enzyme hydrolyses p-nitrophenyl beta-L-arabinopyranoside approximately 510 times slower than the galactoside, but has no detectable activity on the alpha-D-glucopyranoside or alpha-D-mannopyranoside. Hydrolysis of alpha-galactosides with poor leaving groups is Michaelian, but that of substrates with good leaving groups exhibits pronounced apparent substrate inhibition, with Kis values similar to Km values. We attribute this to the binding of the second substrate molecule to a beta-galactopyranosyl-enzyme intermediate, forming an E.betaGal. alphaGalX complex which turns over slowly, if at all. 1-Fluoro-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl fluoride, unlike alpha-D-galactopyranosyl fluoride, is a Michaelian substrate, indicating that the effect of 1-fluorine substitution is greater on the first than on the second step of the enzyme reaction.  (+info)

Biodegradative mechanism of the brown rot basidiomycete Gloeophyllum trabeum: evidence for an extracellular hydroquinone-driven fenton reaction. (7/1530)

We have identified key components of the extracellular oxidative system that the brown rot fungus Gloeophyllum trabeum uses to degrade a recalcitrant polymer, polyethylene glycol, via hydrogen abstraction reactions. G. trabeum produced an extracellular metabolite, 2,5-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone, and reduced it to 2,5-dimethoxyhydroquinone. In the presence of 2,5-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone, the fungus also reduced extracellular Fe3+ to Fe2+ and produced extracellular H2O2. Fe3+ reduction and H2O2 formation both resulted from a direct, non-enzymatic reaction between 2,5-dimethoxyhydroquinone and Fe3+. Polyethylene glycol depolymerization by G. trabeum required both 2,5-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone and Fe3+ and was completely inhibited by catalase. These results provide evidence that G. trabeum uses a hydroquinone-driven Fenton reaction to cleave polyethylene glycol. We propose that similar reactions account for the ability of G. trabeum to attack lignocellulose.  (+info)

Aromatic ring cleavage of a non-phenolic beta-O-4 lignin model dimer by laccase of Trametes versicolor in the presence of 1-hydroxybenzotriazole. (8/1530)

The novel cleavage products, 2,3-dihydroxy-1-(4-ethoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-formyloxypropane (II) and 1-(4-ethoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,2,3-trihydroxypropane-2,3-cyclic carbonate (III) were identified as products of a non-phenolic beta-O-4 lignin model dimer, 1,3-dihydroxy-2-(2,6-dimethoxylphenoxy)-1-(4-ethoxy-3-methoxypheny l)propane (I), by a Trametes versicolor laccase in the presence of 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (1-HBT). An isotopic experiment with a 13C-labeled lignin model dimer, 1,3-dihydroxy-2-(2,6-[U-ring-13C] dimethoxyphenoxy)-1-(4-ethoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propane (I-13C) indicated that the formyl and carbonate carbons of products II and III were derived from the beta-phenoxy group of beta-O-4 lignin model dimer I as aromatic ring cleavage fragments. These results show that the laccase-1-HBT couple could catalyze the aromatic ring cleavage of non-phenolic beta-O-4 lignin model dimer in addition to the beta-ether cleavage, Calpha-Cbeta cleavage, and Calpha-oxidation.  (+info)

Basidiomycota is a phylum in the kingdom Fungi that consists of organisms commonly known as club fungi or club mushrooms. The name Basidiomycota is derived from the presence of a characteristic reproductive structure called a basidium, which is where spores are produced.

The basidiomycetes include many familiar forms such as mushrooms, toadstools, bracket fungi, and other types of polypores. They have a complex life cycle that involves both sexual and asexual reproduction. The sexual reproductive stage produces a characteristic fruiting body, which may be microscopic or highly visible, depending on the species.

Basidiomycota fungi play important ecological roles in decomposing organic matter, forming mutualistic relationships with plants, and acting as parasites on other organisms. Some species are economically important, such as edible mushrooms, while others can be harmful or even deadly to humans and animals.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Guyana" is not a medical term. It's actually the name of a country located in South America, known for its diverse wildlife, rainforests, and unique cultural heritage. If you have any questions about medical terms or concepts, I'd be happy to help answer those for you!

Polyporales is an order of class Agaricomycetes, division Basidiomycota, in the kingdom Fungi. This order consists of various wood-decay fungi, characterized by their typically annual growth rings and pores on the underside of the cap. The fruiting bodies or conks of these fungi can be either resupinate (crust-like) or pileate (cap-like). Polyporales includes several economically important species that cause decay in trees and timber, as well as some medicinal mushrooms. Examples of genera within this order include Polyporus, Trametes, Fomes, and Ganoderma.

A fruiting body, in the context of mycology (the study of fungi), refers to the part of a fungus that produces spores for sexual or asexual reproduction. These structures are often what we typically think of as mushrooms or toadstools, although not all fungal fruiting bodies resemble these familiar forms.

Fungal fruiting bodies can vary greatly in size, shape, and color, depending on the species of fungus. They may be aboveground, like the caps and stalks of mushrooms, or underground, like the tiny, thread-like structures known as "corals" in some species.

The primary function of a fruiting body is to produce and disperse spores, which can give rise to new individuals when they germinate under favorable conditions. The development of a fruiting body is often triggered by environmental factors such as moisture, temperature, and nutrient availability.

The ribosomal spacer in DNA refers to the non-coding sequences of DNA that are located between the genes for ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These spacer regions are present in the DNA of organisms that have a nuclear genome, including humans and other animals, plants, and fungi.

In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria, there are two ribosomal RNA genes, 16S and 23S, separated by a spacer region known as the intergenic spacer (IGS). In eukaryotic cells, there are multiple copies of ribosomal RNA genes arranged in clusters called nucleolar organizer regions (NORs), which are located on the short arms of several acrocentric chromosomes. Each cluster contains hundreds to thousands of copies of the 18S, 5.8S, and 28S rRNA genes, separated by non-transcribed spacer regions known as internal transcribed spacers (ITS) and external transcribed spacers (ETS).

The ribosomal spacer regions in DNA are often used as molecular markers for studying evolutionary relationships among organisms because they evolve more rapidly than the rRNA genes themselves. The sequences of these spacer regions can be compared among different species to infer their phylogenetic relationships and to estimate the time since they diverged from a common ancestor. Additionally, the length and composition of ribosomal spacers can vary between individuals within a species, making them useful for studying genetic diversity and population structure.

Agaricales is an order of fungi that includes mushrooms, toadstools, and other gilled fungi. These fungi are characterized by their distinctive fruiting bodies, which have a cap (pileus) and stem (stipe), and gills (lamellae) on the underside of the cap where the spores are produced. Agaricales contains many well-known and economically important genera, such as Agaricus (which includes the common button mushroom), Amanita (which includes the deadly "death cap" mushroom), and Coprinus (which includes the inky cap mushrooms). The order was established by the Swedish mycologist Elias Magnus Fries in 1821.

Fungi, in the context of medical definitions, are a group of eukaryotic organisms that include microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. The study of fungi is known as mycology.

Fungi can exist as unicellular organisms or as multicellular filamentous structures called hyphae. They are heterotrophs, which means they obtain their nutrients by decomposing organic matter or by living as parasites on other organisms. Some fungi can cause various diseases in humans, animals, and plants, known as mycoses. These infections range from superficial, localized skin infections to systemic, life-threatening invasive diseases.

Examples of fungal infections include athlete's foot (tinea pedis), ringworm (dermatophytosis), candidiasis (yeast infection), histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis, and aspergillosis. Fungal infections can be challenging to treat due to the limited number of antifungal drugs available and the potential for drug resistance.

Fungal DNA refers to the genetic material present in fungi, which are a group of eukaryotic organisms that include microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as larger organisms like mushrooms. The DNA of fungi, like that of all living organisms, is made up of nucleotides that are arranged in a double helix structure.

Fungal DNA contains the genetic information necessary for the growth, development, and reproduction of fungi. This includes the instructions for making proteins, which are essential for the structure and function of cells, as well as other important molecules such as enzymes and nucleic acids.

Studying fungal DNA can provide valuable insights into the biology and evolution of fungi, as well as their potential uses in medicine, agriculture, and industry. For example, researchers have used genetic engineering techniques to modify the DNA of fungi to produce drugs, biofuels, and other useful products. Additionally, understanding the genetic makeup of pathogenic fungi can help scientists develop new strategies for preventing and treating fungal infections.

Fungal spores are defined as the reproductive units of fungi that are produced by specialized structures called hyphae. These spores are typically single-celled and can exist in various shapes such as round, oval, or ellipsoidal. They are highly resistant to extreme environmental conditions like heat, cold, and dryness, which allows them to survive for long periods until they find a suitable environment to germinate and grow into a new fungal organism. Fungal spores can be found in the air, water, soil, and on various surfaces, making them easily dispersible and capable of causing infections in humans, animals, and plants.

Mycorrhizae are symbiotic associations between fungi and the roots of most plant species. In a mycorrhizal association, fungi colonize the root tissues of plants and extend their mycelial networks into the surrounding soil. This association enhances the nutrient uptake capacity of the host plant, particularly with regards to phosphorus and nitrogen, while the fungi receive carbohydrates from the plant for their own growth and metabolism.

Mycorrhizal fungi can be broadly classified into two types: ectomycorrhizae and endomycorrhizae (or arbuscular mycorrhizae). Ectomycorrhizae form a sheath around the root surface, while endomycorrhizae penetrate the root cells and form structures called arbuscules, where nutrient exchange occurs. Mycorrhizal associations play crucial roles in maintaining ecosystem stability, promoting plant growth, and improving soil structure and fertility.

Phylogeny is the evolutionary history and relationship among biological entities, such as species or genes, based on their shared characteristics. In other words, it refers to the branching pattern of evolution that shows how various organisms have descended from a common ancestor over time. Phylogenetic analysis involves constructing a tree-like diagram called a phylogenetic tree, which depicts the inferred evolutionary relationships among organisms or genes based on molecular sequence data or other types of characters. This information is crucial for understanding the diversity and distribution of life on Earth, as well as for studying the emergence and spread of diseases.

28S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is a component of the large subunit of the eukaryotic ribosome, which is the site of protein synthesis in the cell. The ribosome is composed of two subunits, one large and one small, that come together around an mRNA molecule to translate it into a protein.

The 28S rRNA is a type of rRNA that is found in the large subunit of the eukaryotic ribosome, along with the 5S and 5.8S rRNAs. Together, these rRNAs make up the structural framework of the ribosome and play a crucial role in the process of translation.

The 28S rRNA is synthesized in the nucleolus as a precursor RNA (pre-rRNA) that undergoes several processing steps, including cleavage and modification, to produce the mature 28S rRNA molecule. The length of the 28S rRNA varies between species, but it is typically around 4700-5000 nucleotides long in humans.

Abnormalities in the structure or function of the 28S rRNA can lead to defects in protein synthesis and have been implicated in various diseases, including cancer and neurological disorders.

Rhodotorula is a genus of unicellular, budding yeasts that are commonly found in the environment, particularly in damp and nutrient-rich places such as soil, water, and vegetation. They are characterized by their ability to produce carotenoid pigments, which give them a distinctive pinkish-red color.

While Rhodotorula species are not typically associated with human disease, they can occasionally cause infections in people with weakened immune systems or underlying medical conditions. These infections can occur in various parts of the body, including the respiratory tract, urinary tract, and skin.

Rhodotorula infections are usually treated with antifungal medications, such as fluconazole or amphotericin B. Preventing exposure to sources of Rhodotorula, such as contaminated medical equipment or water supplies, can also help reduce the risk of infection.

Ascomycota is a phylum in the kingdom Fungi, also known as sac fungi. This group includes both unicellular and multicellular organisms, such as yeasts, mold species, and morel mushrooms. Ascomycetes are characterized by their reproductive structures called ascus, which contain typically eight haploid spores produced sexually through a process called ascogony. Some members of this phylum have significant ecological and economic importance, as they can be decomposers, mutualistic symbionts, or plant pathogens causing various diseases. Examples include the baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, ergot fungus Claviceps purpurea, and morel mushroom Morchella esculenta.

Mycological typing techniques are methods used to identify and classify fungi at the species or strain level, based on their unique biological characteristics. These techniques are often used in clinical laboratories to help diagnose fungal infections and determine the most effective treatment approaches.

There are several different mycological typing techniques that may be used, depending on the specific type of fungus being identified and the resources available in the laboratory. Some common methods include:

1. Phenotypic methods: These methods involve observing and measuring the physical characteristics of fungi, such as their growth patterns, colonial morphology, and microscopic features. Examples include macroscopic and microscopic examination, as well as biochemical tests to identify specific metabolic properties.

2. Genotypic methods: These methods involve analyzing the DNA or RNA of fungi to identify unique genetic sequences that can be used to distinguish between different species or strains. Examples include PCR-based methods, such as restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis, as well as sequencing-based methods, such as internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing and multilocus sequence typing (MLST).

3. Proteotypic methods: These methods involve analyzing the proteins expressed by fungi to identify unique protein profiles that can be used to distinguish between different species or strains. Examples include matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS).

Mycological typing techniques are important tools for understanding the epidemiology of fungal infections, tracking outbreaks, and developing effective treatment strategies. By accurately identifying the specific fungi causing an infection, healthcare providers can tailor their treatments to target the most vulnerable aspects of the pathogen, improving patient outcomes and reducing the risk of drug resistance.

18S rRNA (ribosomal RNA) is the smaller subunit of the eukaryotic ribosome, which is the cellular organelle responsible for protein synthesis. The "18S" refers to the sedimentation coefficient of this rRNA molecule, which is a measure of its rate of sedimentation in a centrifuge and is expressed in Svedberg units (S).

The 18S rRNA is a component of the 40S subunit of the ribosome, and it plays a crucial role in the decoding of messenger RNA (mRNA) during protein synthesis. Specifically, the 18S rRNA helps to form the structure of the ribosome and contains several conserved regions that are involved in binding to mRNA and guiding the movement of transfer RNAs (tRNAs) during translation.

The 18S rRNA is also a commonly used molecular marker for evolutionary studies, as its sequence is highly conserved across different species and can be used to infer phylogenetic relationships between organisms. Additionally, the analysis of 18S rRNA gene sequences has been widely used in various fields such as ecology, environmental science, and medicine to study biodiversity, biogeography, and infectious diseases.

A fungal genome refers to the complete set of genetic material or DNA present in the cells of a fungus. It includes all the genes and non-coding regions that are essential for the growth, development, and survival of the organism. The fungal genome is typically haploid, meaning it contains only one set of chromosomes, unlike diploid genomes found in many animals and plants.

Fungal genomes vary widely in size and complexity, ranging from a few megabases to hundreds of megabases. They contain several types of genetic elements such as protein-coding genes, regulatory regions, repetitive elements, and mobile genetic elements like transposons. The study of fungal genomes can provide valuable insights into the evolution, biology, and pathogenicity of fungi, and has important implications for medical research, agriculture, and industrial applications.

Ribosomal DNA (rDNA) refers to the specific regions of DNA in a cell that contain the genes for ribosomal RNA (rRNA). Ribosomes are complex structures composed of proteins and rRNA, which play a crucial role in protein synthesis by translating messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins.

In humans, there are four types of rRNA molecules: 18S, 5.8S, 28S, and 5S. These rRNAs are encoded by multiple copies of rDNA genes that are organized in clusters on specific chromosomes. In humans, the majority of rDNA genes are located on the short arms of acrocentric chromosomes 13, 14, 15, 21, and 22.

Each cluster of rDNA genes contains both transcribed and non-transcribed spacer regions. The transcribed regions contain the genes for the four types of rRNA, while the non-transcribed spacers contain regulatory elements that control the transcription of the rRNA genes.

The number of rDNA copies varies between species and even within individuals of the same species. The copy number can also change during development and in response to environmental factors. Variations in rDNA copy number have been associated with various diseases, including cancer and neurological disorders.

DNA Sequence Analysis is the systematic determination of the order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule. It is a critical component of modern molecular biology, genetics, and genetic engineering. The process involves determining the exact order of the four nucleotide bases - adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T) - in a DNA molecule or fragment. This information is used in various applications such as identifying gene mutations, studying evolutionary relationships, developing molecular markers for breeding, and diagnosing genetic diseases.

The process of DNA Sequence Analysis typically involves several steps, including DNA extraction, PCR amplification (if necessary), purification, sequencing reaction, and electrophoresis. The resulting data is then analyzed using specialized software to determine the exact sequence of nucleotides.

In recent years, high-throughput DNA sequencing technologies have revolutionized the field of genomics, enabling the rapid and cost-effective sequencing of entire genomes. This has led to an explosion of genomic data and new insights into the genetic basis of many diseases and traits.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "trees" is not a medical term. It is a common term used in various fields, including biology, ecology, and dendrology, to refer to a woody perennial plant with a single stem or trunk that supports branches and leaves in most species.

If you have any questions related to medical terminology or health-related topics, please provide more context so I can offer an accurate and helpful response.

Biodiversity is the variety of different species of plants, animals, and microorganisms that live in an ecosystem. It also includes the variety of genes within a species and the variety of ecosystems (such as forests, grasslands, deserts, and oceans) that exist in a region or on Earth as a whole. Biodiversity is important for maintaining the health and balance of ecosystems, providing resources and services such as food, clean water, and pollination, and contributing to the discovery of new medicines and other useful products. The loss of biodiversity can have negative impacts on the functioning of ecosystems and the services they provide, and can threaten the survival of species and the livelihoods of people who depend on them.

Species specificity is a term used in the field of biology, including medicine, to refer to the characteristic of a biological entity (such as a virus, bacterium, or other microorganism) that allows it to interact exclusively or preferentially with a particular species. This means that the biological entity has a strong affinity for, or is only able to infect, a specific host species.

For example, HIV is specifically adapted to infect human cells and does not typically infect other animal species. Similarly, some bacterial toxins are species-specific and can only affect certain types of animals or humans. This concept is important in understanding the transmission dynamics and host range of various pathogens, as well as in developing targeted therapies and vaccines.

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is a type of RNA molecule that is a key component of ribosomes, which are the cellular structures where protein synthesis occurs in cells. In ribosomes, rRNA plays a crucial role in the process of translation, where genetic information from messenger RNA (mRNA) is translated into proteins.

Ribosomal RNA is synthesized in the nucleus and then transported to the cytoplasm, where it assembles with ribosomal proteins to form ribosomes. Within the ribosome, rRNA provides a structural framework for the assembly of the ribosome and also plays an active role in catalyzing the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids during protein synthesis.

There are several different types of rRNA molecules, including 5S, 5.8S, 18S, and 28S rRNA, which vary in size and function. These rRNA molecules are highly conserved across different species, indicating their essential role in protein synthesis and cellular function.

Fungal proteins are a type of protein that is specifically produced and present in fungi, which are a group of eukaryotic organisms that include microorganisms such as yeasts and molds. These proteins play various roles in the growth, development, and survival of fungi. They can be involved in the structure and function of fungal cells, metabolism, pathogenesis, and other cellular processes. Some fungal proteins can also have important implications for human health, both in terms of their potential use as therapeutic targets and as allergens or toxins that can cause disease.

Fungal proteins can be classified into different categories based on their functions, such as enzymes, structural proteins, signaling proteins, and toxins. Enzymes are proteins that catalyze chemical reactions in fungal cells, while structural proteins provide support and protection for the cell. Signaling proteins are involved in communication between cells and regulation of various cellular processes, and toxins are proteins that can cause harm to other organisms, including humans.

Understanding the structure and function of fungal proteins is important for developing new treatments for fungal infections, as well as for understanding the basic biology of fungi. Research on fungal proteins has led to the development of several antifungal drugs that target specific fungal enzymes or other proteins, providing effective treatment options for a range of fungal diseases. Additionally, further study of fungal proteins may reveal new targets for drug development and help improve our ability to diagnose and treat fungal infections.

I apologize, but there seems to be a misunderstanding. "Soil microbiology" is not a medical term; rather, it is a branch of microbiology that deals with the study of microorganisms in soil. It involves understanding the diversity, ecology, and biochemistry of bacteria, fungi, algae, protozoa, and other microscopic life forms found in soil. This field has applications in agriculture, environmental science, and waste management but is not directly related to medical definitions or human health.

Molecular sequence data refers to the specific arrangement of molecules, most commonly nucleotides in DNA or RNA, or amino acids in proteins, that make up a biological macromolecule. This data is generated through laboratory techniques such as sequencing, and provides information about the exact order of the constituent molecules. This data is crucial in various fields of biology, including genetics, evolution, and molecular biology, allowing for comparisons between different organisms, identification of genetic variations, and studies of gene function and regulation.

Molecular evolution is the process of change in the DNA sequence or protein structure over time, driven by mechanisms such as mutation, genetic drift, gene flow, and natural selection. It refers to the evolutionary study of changes in DNA, RNA, and proteins, and how these changes accumulate and lead to new species and diversity of life. Molecular evolution can be used to understand the history and relationships among different organisms, as well as the functional consequences of genetic changes.

In genetics, sequence alignment is the process of arranging two or more DNA, RNA, or protein sequences to identify regions of similarity or homology between them. This is often done using computational methods to compare the nucleotide or amino acid sequences and identify matching patterns, which can provide insight into evolutionary relationships, functional domains, or potential genetic disorders. The alignment process typically involves adjusting gaps and mismatches in the sequences to maximize the similarity between them, resulting in an aligned sequence that can be visually represented and analyzed.

An "ecosystem" is not a term that has a specific medical definition, as it is a concept that is more commonly used in the fields of ecology and environmental science. However, I can provide you with the general ecological definition of an ecosystem:

An ecosystem is a community of living organisms interacting with each other and their non-living environment, including both biotic factors (plants, animals, microorganisms) and abiotic factors (climate, soil, water, and air). These interactions create a complex network of relationships that form the foundation of ecological processes, such as energy flow, nutrient cycling, and population dynamics.

While there is no direct medical definition for an ecosystem, understanding the principles of ecosystems can have important implications for human health. For example, healthy ecosystems can provide clean air and water, regulate climate, support food production, and offer opportunities for recreation and relaxation, all of which contribute to overall well-being. Conversely, degraded ecosystems can lead to increased exposure to environmental hazards, reduced access to natural resources, and heightened risks of infectious diseases. Therefore, maintaining the health and integrity of ecosystems is crucial for promoting human health and preventing disease.

A base sequence in the context of molecular biology refers to the specific order of nucleotides in a DNA or RNA molecule. In DNA, these nucleotides are adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T). In RNA, uracil (U) takes the place of thymine. The base sequence contains genetic information that is transcribed into RNA and ultimately translated into proteins. It is the exact order of these bases that determines the genetic code and thus the function of the DNA or RNA molecule.

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a laboratory technique used to amplify specific regions of DNA. It enables the production of thousands to millions of copies of a particular DNA sequence in a rapid and efficient manner, making it an essential tool in various fields such as molecular biology, medical diagnostics, forensic science, and research.

The PCR process involves repeated cycles of heating and cooling to separate the DNA strands, allow primers (short sequences of single-stranded DNA) to attach to the target regions, and extend these primers using an enzyme called Taq polymerase, resulting in the exponential amplification of the desired DNA segment.

In a medical context, PCR is often used for detecting and quantifying specific pathogens (viruses, bacteria, fungi, or parasites) in clinical samples, identifying genetic mutations or polymorphisms associated with diseases, monitoring disease progression, and evaluating treatment effectiveness.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Basidiomycota. Wikispecies has information related to Basidiomycota. Basidiomycota ... Basidiomycota are filamentous fungi composed of hyphae (except for basidiomycota-yeast) and reproduce sexually via the ... However, some Basidiomycota are obligate asexual reproducers. Basidiomycota that reproduce asexually (discussed below) can ... previously commonly used to describe Basidiomycota. According to a 2008 estimate, Basidiomycota comprise three subphyla ( ...
The bZIP intron basidiomycota is an unconventional bZIP intron found mainly in the Basidiomycota and some Mucoromycotina fungi ... In Basidiomycota, splicing results in excised introns from 20 to 101 nt in length and it was first described in Cryptococcus ...
This is a list of families in the phylum Basidiomycota of kingdom Fungi. The Basidiomycota are the second largest phyla of the ...
Basidiomycota; Thelephorales, Boletopsidaceae)" (PDF). North American Fungi. 3 (7): 5-15. doi:10.2509/naf2008.003.0072. ...
Lineage( full ) cellular organisms; Eukaryota; Opisthokonta; Fungi; Dikarya; Basidiomycota; Agaricomycotina; Agaricomycetes; ... "New sequestrate Ascomycota and Basidiomycota covered by the Northwest Forest Plan". Mycotaxon. 75: 153-79. Smith ME, Schell KJ ...
Lineage( full ) cellular organisms; Eukaryota; Opisthokonta; Fungi; Dikarya; Basidiomycota; Agaricomycotina; Agaricomycetes; ...
T.W.May & A.E.Wood (1997) Fungi of Australia Volume 2A: Catalogue and Bibliography of Australian Macrofungi 1. Basidiomycota. ... Catalogue and Bibliography of Australian Fungi 2 Basidiomycota p.p. & Myxomycota p.p. CSIRO Publishing. ISBN 0-643-06907-0 ...
Basidiomycota)". Kavaka. 3: 11-20. "GSD Species Synonymy: Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler". Species Fungorum. CAB International ...
Cao T, Hu YP, Yu JR, Wei TZ, Yuan HS (June 2021). "A phylogenetic overview of the Hydnaceae (Cantharellales, Basidiomycota with ... Cantharellales, Basidiomycota) from Finland". Acta Mycologica. 48 (2): 219-225. doi:10.5586/am.2013.023. ISSN 2353-074X. ... Basidiomycota)". Mycological Progress. 11 (3): 817-826. doi:10.1007/s11557-011-0797-3. ISSN 1861-8952. S2CID 13301460. ... Cantharellales, Basidiomycota) from Changbaishan Nature Reserve, northeastern China". Mycoscience. 54 (3): 178-182. doi:10.1016 ...
Basidiomycota; Thelephorales, Boletopsidaceae)" (PDF). North American Fungi. 3 (7): 5-15. doi:10.2509/naf2008.003.0072. ...
Lineage( full ) cellular organisms; Eukaryota; Opisthokonta; Fungi; Dikarya; Basidiomycota; Agaricomycotina; Agaricomycetes; ...
T.W.May & A.E.Wood (1997) Fungi of Australia Volume 2A: Catalogue and Bibliography of Australian Macrofungi 1. Basidiomycota. ... Apart from fungi of the subkingdom Dikarya, such as those described above (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota), some non-Dikarya ... Representatives of all three subdivisions of the Basidiomycota are found in Australia. These are the Agaricomycotina (bracket ... Catalogue and Bibliography of Australian Fungi 2 Basidiomycota p.p. & Myxomycota p.p. CSIRO Publishing. ISBN 0-643-06907-0 May ...
Basidiomycota in 1997. He also authored popular identification books on Australian fungi. The standard author abbreviation A.E. ... Basidiomycota. CSIRO Publishing. ISBN 0-643-05929-6 "Wood, Alec Edward". Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 31 January 2023. Wood ...
Lineage( full ) cellular organisms; Eukaryota; Opisthokonta; Fungi; Dikarya; Basidiomycota; Agaricomycotina; Agaricomycetes; ...
post., Boletales, Basidiomycota)". Sydowia. 56 (2): 237-40. Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA (2008). Dictionary of ...
Basidiomycota, Elasmomycetaceae)". Mycotaxon. 80: 321-326. International Plant Names Index. Rogerson. Clark T. Rogerson, Expert ...
Cantharellales, Basidiomycota)". Cryptogamie, Mycologie. 32 (2): 191-7. doi:10.7872/crym.v32.iss2.2011.191. v t e (Articles ...
Basidiomycota, Russulales) in Togo (West Africa): phylogeny and a new species described". IMA Fungus. 5 (1): 39-49. doi:10.5598 ... Basidiomycota) with conserved type". Taxon. 59: 447-453. doi:10.1002/tax.591031. Verbeken A, Nuytinck J (2013). "Not every ... Hibbett DH, Thorn RG (2001). "Basidiomycota: Homobasidiomycetes". In McLaughlin DJ, McLaughlin EG, Lemke PA (eds.). The Mycota ... Ginns J, Freeman GW (1994). "The Gloeocystidiellaceae (Basidiomycota, Hericiales) of North America". Bibliotheca Mycologica. ...
"Basidiomycota: Homobasidiomycetes". In McLaughlin DJ, McLaughlin EG, Lemke PA (eds.). The Mycota. VIIB. Systematics and ... The Agaricales are an order of fungi in the division Basidiomycota. As originally conceived, the order contained all the ... Basidiomycota orders, Extant Aptian first appearances, Lichen orders, Taxa described in 1899, Taxa named by Lucien Marcus ...
post., Boletales, Basidiomycota)". Sydowia. 56 (2): 237-40. Halling RE, Fechner N, Nuhn M, Osmundson T, Soytong K, Arora D, ...
"4 Basidiomycota." Marine Fungi: and Fungal-like Organisms (2012): 49. Fell, Jack W. "6 Yeasts in marine environments." Marine ...
Jones, E. B. Gareth; Fell, Jack W. (2012). "4 Basidiomycota". In Jones, E. B. Gareth; Pang, Ka-Lai (eds.). Marine Fungi: and ...
Jones, E. B. Gareth; Fell, Jack W. (2012). "4 Basidiomycota". In Jones, E. B. Gareth; Pang, Ka-Lai (eds.). Marine Fungi: and ...
post., Boletales, Basidiomycota)" (PDF). Kuo, Michael; Ortiz-Santana, Beatriz (2020-01-02). "Revision of leccinoid fungi, with ... Horak, E. (1999). "New Genera of Agaricales (Basidiomycota). 1. Rapacea gen. nov". Kew Bulletin. 54 (3): 789-794. doi:10.2307/ ...
"Species Page". Basidiomycota Checklist-Online. 2011. Archived from the original on 2011-07-20. Retrieved 2021-10-20. Arora D. ( ...
Basidiomycota p.p. & Myxomycota p.p. Melbourne, Australia: CSIRO Publishing. p. 173. ISBN 978-0-643-06907-7. Miller Jr OK, ...
2001). Basidiomycota: Homobasidiomycetes. The Mycota VII Part B. In: McLaughlin DJ, McLaughlin EG, Lemke PA, eds. Systematics ...
Shiryaev A. (2008). "Diversity and distribution of thelephoroid fungi (Basidiomycota, Thelephorales) in the Sverdlovsk region, ... Basidiomycota p.p. & Myxomycota p.p. v. 2B. Csiro Publishing. p. 313. ISBN 978-0-643-06907-7. Miller OK, Miller H (2006). North ...
Basidiomycota p.p. & Myxomycota. Vol. 2B. CSIRO Publishing. p. 136. ISBN 978-0-643-06907-7. Saenz JA, Nassar M (1982). " ...
Fan LF, Pu JB, Wu F, Dai YC (2021). "A new species of Tremella s.s. (Tremellaceae, Basidiomycota) from southeastern China". ... Zhao Y, Liu X, Bai F (2019). "Four new species of Tremella (Tremellales, Basidiomycota) based on morphology and DNA sequence ... Tremellales, Basidiomycota)" (PDF). Phytotaxa. 307 (4): 254-262. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.307.4.3. Bandoni RJ, Oberwinkler F ( ... Species are mainly parasitic on wood-rotting fungi in the phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, particularly on species that ...
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Basidiomycota. Wikispecies has information related to Basidiomycota. Basidiomycota ... Basidiomycota are filamentous fungi composed of hyphae (except for basidiomycota-yeast) and reproduce sexually via the ... However, some Basidiomycota are obligate asexual reproducers. Basidiomycota that reproduce asexually (discussed below) can ... previously commonly used to describe Basidiomycota. According to a 2008 estimate, Basidiomycota comprise three subphyla ( ...
Russulales; Basidiomycota) in Alaska, based on soil and sporocarp DNA. Mol Ecol. 2009;18(10):2213-27. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X. ...
Basidiomycota...​​Plant Disease Lessons Feature Articles​...​​Plant Disease Lessons Feature Articles​...​Fungal Diseases, ...
... Persoonia. 2014 Jun:32:170-82. doi: 10.3767/ ...
Matouš J., Holec J., Koukol O. (2017): Ramariopsis robusta (Basidiomycota,. Clavariaceae), a new European species similar to R ... Matouš J., Holec J., Koukol O. (2017): Ramariopsis robusta (Basidiomycota,. Clavariaceae), nový druh z Evropy, podobný R. ... Ramariopsis robusta (Basidiomycota, Clavariaceae), a new European species similar to R. kunzei. *May 2017 ... Fungi that produce clavarioid fruit bodies have evolved independently many times in the Basidiomycota. The evolutionary ...
Telleria M T, Duenas M, Martin M P, pensoft (2017). Three new species of Hydnophlebia (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) from the ... Three new species of Hydnophlebia (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) from the Macaronesian Islands Dataset homepage ... Basidiomycota) from the Macaronesian Islands. MycoKeys 27: 39-64, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.27.14866, URL: http ...
Mattila, H., Österman-Udd, J., Mali, T., & Lundell, T. (2022). Basidiomycota fungi and ROS: genomic perspective on key enzymes ... Mattila, H, Österman-Udd, J, Mali, T & Lundell, T 2022, Basidiomycota fungi and ROS: genomic perspective on key enzymes ... T1 - Basidiomycota fungi and ROS: genomic perspective on key enzymes involved in generation and mitigation of reactive oxygen ... Basidiomycota fungi and ROS: genomic perspective on key enzymes involved in generation and mitigation of reactive oxygen ...
Created: 2018-11-18T14:28:52.042+01:00. Last modified: 2023-10-23T13:41:09. skos:notation: a48ee7b1 ...
History of Yeasts By Joseph W. Ward, Ph.D. and TJ Gaydos, DVM, MAM DACPV Years of study and research have shown live yeasts have a positive effect on animal health and welfare. The results have shown that live yeasts present a large number of benefits for animals. Their unique manufacturing process ...
void:inDataset: http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/void.ttl#Agrovoc. Created: 2009-04-27T00:00:00Z. skos:notation: 331216 ...
Pileus 4-11 cm, umbilicate, white to ochraceous, covered by white scales, margin undulate. Gills decurrent, crowded, white. Stipe eccentrical or lateral, 1.2-2 × 0.3-1.5 cm, solid, white to brown, with scales. Spores elliptical, hyaline, smooth, I-, 6-7 × 3-3.5 μm. Cystidia clavate. Hyphae with clamps ...
Palavra-chave: Basidiomycota utilizada 77 vezes por 3 professores. Utilizada por 3 professores Por ordem de relevância (total: ...
Neopaxillus echinospermus is a common but poorly understood agaric species from South America (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil and Paraguay). In this paper, we discuss conflicting morphological features reported in the literature and expand the distribution of the species to Seasonal Deciduous and Semideciduous Forests from Rio Grande do Sul and Paraná states, respectively, in Southern Brazil. Hyphal structure of the pileipellis, presence of cheilocystidia and caulocystidia, presence of clamp connections and oleiferous (thrombopleurous) hyphae, and the basidiospore morphology under scanning electron microscopy are illustrated and discussed in detail.
... ... This study represents a taxonomical survey of poroid Basidiomycota undertaken in the region of Santa Maria, a municipality in ... This study represents a taxonomical survey of poroid Basidiomycota undertaken in the region of Santa Maria, a municipality in ... Estes dados foram obtidos a partir de um levantamento taxonômico de fungos com poros ou himenóforo similar (Basidiomycota) ...
Basidiomycota (/bəˌsɪdi.oʊmaɪˈkoʊtə/) is one of two large divisions that, together with the Ascomycota, constitute the ... Source: Wikipedia, , http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basidiomycota, CC BY-SA 3.0 . Photo: (c) Adam Bryant, some rights reserved ...
New and little known in Ukraine representatives of the genus Cortinarius (Cortinariaceae, Basidiomycota) from Male Polissia ...
Microbe of the month: Basidiomycota. Classification: Funghi. Cultured from / Found in: HVAC Coils and Filters. Associated ...
Eine große Anzahl an Fotografien aus vielen Bereichen der Natur ...
Two new Russulales species (Basidiomycota) %U /brokenurl#,Go to ISI,://000266698300010 %V 88 %X Based on fungal material ... Two new Russulales species (Basidiomycota)}, url = {/brokenurl#,Go to ISI,://000266698300010}, volume = 88, year = 2009 } ...
The genus Hydnophlebia includes two species of wood-inhabiting fungi, Hydnophlebia chrysorhizon and Hydnophlebia omnivora. Both are characterized by cream to reddish-orange, resupinate basidiome, with hydnoid hymenophore, margin with strands, a monomitic hyphal system, tubular to ventricose cystidia and elliptical spores. In this paper, a taxonomic study of Hydnophlebia, using morphology and molecular analyses of large subunit nuclear ribosomal DNA (LSU) and the internal transcribed spacer nrDNA operon (ITS), is reported. Three new species, Hydnophlebia canariensis, H. gorgonea and H. meloi, from the Macaronesia bioregion (Canary Islands and Cape Verde Archipelago), are described.
Basidiomycota: Agaricomycetes) from Costa Rica and a new species of Cylindrosella ... Occurrence of featherwing beetles (Coleoptera: Ptiliidae) on polypore fungi (Basidiomycota: Agaricomycetes) from Costa Rica and ...
Ascocoryne sarcoides - jelly drops, purple jellydisc (often mistaken for basidiomycota but is not) ...
Ringworm in pets may often be asymptomatic, resulting in a carrier condition which infects other pets. In some cases, the disease only appears when the animal develops an immunodeficiency condition. Circular bare patches on the skin suggest the diagnosis, but no lesion is truly specific to the fungus. Similar patches may result from allergies, sarcoptic mange, and other conditions. Three species of fungi cause 95% of dermatophytosis in pets:[citation needed] these are Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Veterinarians have several tests to identify ringworm infection and identify the fungal species that cause it: Woods test: This is an ultraviolet light with a magnifying lens. Only 50% of M. canis will show up as an apple-green fluorescence on hair shafts, under the UV light. The other fungi do not show. The fluorescent material is not the fungus itself (which does not fluoresce), but rather an excretory product of the fungus which sticks to hairs. Infected ...
This project is designed to explore the diversity of the Kingdom Fungi in Boyacá, Colombia.
Domain: Eukaryota • Regnum: Fungi • Divisio: Basidiomycota • Subdivisio: Agaricomycotina • Classis: Agaricomycetes • Subclassis ...
Notes, outline and divergence times of Basidiomycota. Fungal Diversity 99: 105. DOI: 10.1007/s13225-019-00435-4 ... Competing sexual-asexual generic names in Agaricomycotina (Basidiomycota) with recommendations for use. IMA Fungus 12: . DOI: ... Checklist of polypores (Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota) reveals seventeen new records in Brazilian Atlantic Forest fragments at ...
Basidiomycota). Olariaga, Ibai Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Botany. and Geology, Physics and Inorganic ...
Basidiomycota / chemistry* * Blood Coagulation / drug effects * Chromatography, Gel * Hexuronic Acids / analysis * Korea ...
  • Basidiomycota (/bəˌsɪdi.oʊmaɪˈkoʊtə/) is one of two large divisions that, together with the Ascomycota, constitute the subkingdom Dikarya (often referred to as the "higher fungi") within the kingdom Fungi. (wikipedia.org)
  • Basidiomycota are filamentous fungi composed of hyphae (except for basidiomycota-yeast) and reproduce sexually via the formation of specialized club-shaped end cells called basidia that normally bear external meiospores (usually four). (wikipedia.org)
  • Traditionally, the Basidiomycota were divided into two classes, now obsolete: Homobasidiomycetes (alternatively called holobasidiomycetes), including true mushrooms Heterobasidiomycetes, including the jelly, rust and smut fungi Nonetheless these former concepts continue to be used as two types of growth habit groupings, the "mushrooms" (e.g. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Agaricomycotina include what had previously been called the Hymenomycetes (an obsolete morphological based class of Basidiomycota that formed hymenial layers on their fruitbodies), the Gasteromycetes (another obsolete class that included species mostly lacking hymenia and mostly forming spores in enclosed fruitbodies), as well as most of the jelly fungi. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mattila, H , Österman-Udd, J , Mali, T & Lundell, T 2022, ' Basidiomycota fungi and ROS: genomic perspective on key enzymes involved in generation and mitigation of reactive oxygen species ', Frontiers in Fungal Biology , vol. 3. (helsinki.fi)
  • s in Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, our sequence similarity search also revealed homologs in early-diverging fungi in the subphyla Mucoromycotina and Zoopagomycota [both formerly classified as Zygomycota (33)] (Fig. 1C). (gpr44.com)
  • A genus of fungi in the family Hericiaceae, order Russulales, and phylum BASIDIOMYCOTA. (bvsalud.org)
  • The phylum Basidiomycota has also been reported to be more prevalent than previously estimated and ITS region sequences have been primarily derived from the classes Agaricomycetes and Ustilaginomycetes. (cdc.gov)
  • A 2007 classification, adopted by a coalition of 67 mycologists recognized three subphyla (Pucciniomycotina, Ustilaginomycotina, Agaricomycotina) and two other class level taxa (Wallemiomycetes, Entorrhizomycetes) outside of these, among the Basidiomycota. (wikipedia.org)
  • Wallemiomycetes er en tidlig søstergruppe til resten af Agaricomycotina . (wikipedia.org)
  • Basidiesvampe udgør en af to rækker i svampenes underrige Dikarya , den anden er sæksvampe (Ascomycota). (wikipedia.org)
  • This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Telleria, M. Teresa, Duenas, Margarita, Martin, Maria P. (2017): Three new species of Hydnophlebia (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) from the Macaronesian Islands. (gbif.org)
  • These studies have also resolved sequences placed in the Basidiomycota classes Tremellomycetes and Exobasidiomycetes that include environmental and endogenous yeast species. (cdc.gov)
  • Systema Naturae 2000: Phylum Basidiomycota Arkiveret 29. (wikipedia.org)
  • Rarely, yeasts belonging to the phylum Basidiomycota, including genera Malassezia, Trichosporon , and Rhodotorula ( 2 - 4 ), have been implicated in outbreaks in NICUs. (cdc.gov)
  • Género de hongos de la familia Hericiaceae, orden Russulales y filo BASIDIOMYCOTA. (bvsalud.org)
  • however, recent indoor assessments have identified other Basidiomycota yeasts, including Vishniacozyma victoriae (syn. (cdc.gov)
  • Moreover, it is important to continue to address the knowledge gap involving Basidiomycota yeasts and their impact on AAD. (cdc.gov)
  • There are several genera classified in the Basidiomycota that are 1) poorly known, 2) have not been subjected to DNA analysis, or 3) if analysed phylogenetically do not group with as yet named or identified families, and have not been assigned to a specific family (i.e., they are incertae sedis with respect to familial placement). (wikipedia.org)
  • Estes dados foram obtidos a partir de um levantamento taxonômico de fungos com poros ou himenóforo similar (Basidiomycota) realizado na região de Santa Maria, RS, Brasil. (ufrgs.br)
  • One of the most diverse orders of the phylum Basidiomycota, Agaricales contains about 30 families, about 350 genera, and some 10,000 species. (britannica.com)
  • Rarely, yeasts belonging to the phylum Basidiomycota, including genera Malassezia, Trichosporon , and Rhodotorula ( 2 - 4 ), have been implicated in outbreaks in NICUs. (cdc.gov)
  • Once again, the Basidiomycota phylum includes an enormous amount of other species along with P. cubensis. (pearltrees.com)
  • Resources of Iranian agarics (Basidiomycota) with an outlook on their antioxidant potential. (uni-kassel.de)
  • Corticiales, Basidiomycota) and Evolution of Nutritional Modes. (uni-kassel.de)
  • As now classified, the subphyla join and also cut across various obsolete taxonomic groups (see below) previously commonly used to describe Basidiomycota. (wikipedia.org)
  • Basidiomycota that reproduce asexually (discussed below) can typically be recognized as members of this division by gross similarity to others, by the formation of a distinctive anatomical feature (the clamp connection), cell wall components, and definitively by phylogenetic molecular analysis of DNA sequence data. (wikipedia.org)