Basal ganglia diseases. Medical search

Diseases of the BASAL GANGLIA including the PUTAMEN; GLOBUS PALLIDUS; claustrum; AMYGDALA; and CAUDATE NUCLEUS. DYSKINESIAS (most notably involuntary movements and alterations of the rate of movement) represent the primary clinical manifestations of these disorders. Common etiologies include CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS; NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES; and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.

Large subcortical nuclear masses derived from the telencephalon and located in the basal regions of the cerebral hemispheres.

A rare transmissible encephalopathy most prevalent between the ages of 50 and 70 years. Affected individuals may present with sleep disturbances, personality changes, ATAXIA; APHASIA, visual loss, weakness, muscle atrophy, MYOCLONUS, progressive dementia, and death within one year of disease onset. A familial form exhibiting autosomal dominant inheritance and a new variant CJD (potentially associated with ENCEPHALOPATHY, BOVINE SPONGIFORM) have been described. Pathological features include prominent cerebellar and cerebral cortical spongiform degeneration and the presence of PRIONS. (From N Engl J Med, 1998 Dec 31;339(27))

Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

Small proteinaceous infectious particles which resist inactivation by procedures that modify NUCLEIC ACIDS and contain an abnormal isoform of a cellular protein which is a major and necessary component. The abnormal (scrapie) isoform is PrPSc (PRPSC PROTEINS) and the cellular isoform PrPC (PRPC PROTEINS). The primary amino acid sequence of the two isoforms is identical. Human diseases caused by prions include CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB SYNDROME; GERSTMANN-STRAUSSLER SYNDROME; and INSOMNIA, FATAL FAMILIAL.

Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques.

A prion disease found exclusively among the Fore linguistic group natives of the highlands of NEW GUINEA. The illness is primarily restricted to adult females and children of both sexes. It is marked by the subacute onset of tremor and ataxia followed by motor weakness and incontinence. Death occurs within 3-6 months of disease onset. The condition is associated with ritual cannibalism, and has become rare since this practice has been discontinued. Pathologic features include a noninflammatory loss of neurons that is most prominent in the cerebellum, glial proliferation, and amyloid plaques. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p773)

Abnormal isoform of prion proteins (PRIONS) resulting from a posttranslational modification of the cellular prion protein (PRPC PROTEINS). PrPSc are disease-specific proteins seen in certain human and animal neurodegenerative diseases (PRION DISEASES).

A transmissible spongiform encephalopathy of cattle associated with abnormal prion proteins in the brain. Affected animals develop excitability and salivation followed by ATAXIA. This disorder has been associated with consumption of SCRAPIE infected ruminant derived protein. This condition may be transmitted to humans, where it is referred to as variant or new variant CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB SYNDROME. (Vet Rec 1998 Jul 25;143(41):101-5)

The use of atypical antipsychotics in the management of schizophrenia. (1/321)

Long-term drug treatment of schizophrenia with conventional antipsychotics has limitations: an estimated quarter to one third of patients are treatment-resistant; conventional antipsychotics have only a modest impact upon negative symptoms (poverty of thought, social withdrawal and loss of affect); and adverse effects, particularly extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS). Newer, so-called atypical, antipsychotics such as olanzapine, risperidone, sertindole and clozapine (an old drug which was re-introduced in 1990) are claimed to address these limitations. Atypical agents are, at a minimum, at least as effective as conventional drugs such as haloperidol. They also cause substantially fewer extrapyramidal symptoms. However, some other adverse effects are more common than with conventional drugs. For example, clozapine carries a significant risk of serious blood disorders, for which special monitoring is mandatory; it also causes troublesome drowsiness and increased salivation more often than conventional agents. Some atypical agents cause more weight gain or QT prolongation than older agents. The choice of therapy is, therefore, not straightforward. At present, atypical agents represent an advance for patients with severe or intolerable EPS. Most published evidence exists to support the use of clozapine, which has also been shown to be effective in schizophrenia refractory to conventional agents. However, the need for compliance with blood count monitoring and its sedative properties make careful patient selection important. The extent of any additional direct benefit offered by atypical agents on negative symptoms is not yet clear. The lack of a depot formulation for atypical drugs may pose a significant practical problem. To date, only two double-blind studies in which atypical agents were compared directly have been published. Neither provides compelling evidence for the choice of one agent over another. Atypical agents are many times more expensive than conventional drugs. Although drug treatment constitutes only a small proportion of the costs of managing schizophrenia, the additional annual cost of the use of atypical agents in, say, a quarter of the likely U.K. schizophrenic population would be about 56 M pound sterling. There is only limited evidence of cost-effectiveness. Atypical antipsychotics are not currently licensed for other conditions where conventional antipsychotics are commonly used, such as behaviour disturbance or dementia in the elderly. Their dose, and place in treatment in such cases have yet to be determined. (+info)

Bilateral basal ganglial necrosis after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in a child with Kostmann syndrome. (2/321)

A 6-year-old girl underwent allogeneic BMT from a matched sibling donor for the treatment of Kostmann syndrome. She suddenly became drowsy on day 30 after BMT, and lost consciousness 2 days later. Cranial CT scan showed symmetrical lesions suggesting bilateral necrosis in the basal ganglia. Clinical and laboratory investigations failed to reveal any evidence of neurometabolic disease. (+info)

Non-typhoid Salmonella meningitis complicated by a infarction of basal ganglia. (3/321)

A previously healthy 16-month-old Korean girl with symptoms of fever, vomiting, and generalized tonic seizure was diagnosed to have Group D non-typhoid Salmonella meningitis. The patient was treated with ceftriaxone (100 mg/kg/day) and amikin (22.5 mg/kg/day) initially and ciprofloxacin (30 mg/kg/day) was added later because of clinical deterioration and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Brain CT performed on the second day showed a well-demarcated low density lesion in the right lentiform nucleus and both caudate nuclei, without evidence of increased intracranial pressure. MRI performed on the 11th day confirmed CT scan findings as well as right subdural fluid collection, brain atrophy, and ventriculomegaly. She underwent subdural drainage and later ventriculo-peritoneal shunt operation. Despite receiving intensive treatment, she still has severe neurologic sequelae. Our case shows that infarctions of basal ganglia and thalami are not specific for tuberculous meningitis and that meningitis complicated by infarction is indicative of grave prognosis. (+info)

Identification of a locus on chromosome 14q for idiopathic basal ganglia calcification (Fahr disease). (4/321)

Idiopathic basal ganglia calcification (IBGC) is a neurodegenerative syndrome that is associated with a variety of movement disorders and neurobehavioral and cognitive manifestations. Despite numerous clinical, pathological, and biochemical investigations, its etiology remains unknown. We have identified a multigenerational family with dominantly inherited IBGC and, in 24 members of this family, performed a whole-genome scan using polymorphic microsatellite markers to identify the first chromosomal locus for this disorder (IBGC1). A maximum two-point LOD score of 3.37 was obtained at marker D14S1014, and a maximum multipoint LOD score of 4.95 was obtained between D14S75 and D14S306. The minimal haplotype shared by affected patients extended over a 17.1-cM region bounded by D14S70 and D14S66, which is potentially further narrowed to a 13.3-cM region by a recombination observed in a patient with probable affected status. The age at onset appeared to be decreasing by an average of >20 years with each transmission, which is consistent with genetic anticipation. (+info)

Dyspraxia in a patient with corticobasal degeneration: the role of visual and tactile inputs to action. (5/321)

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the roles of visual and tactile information in a dyspraxic patient with corticobasal degeneration (CBD) who showed dramatic facilitation in miming the use of a tool or object when he was given a tool to manipulate; and to study the nature of the praxic and neuropsychological deficits in CBD. METHODS: The subject had clinically diagnosed CBD, and exhibited alien limb behaviour and striking ideomotor dyspraxia. General neuropsychological evaluation focused on constructional and visuospatial abilities, calculation, verbal fluency, episodic and semantic memory, plus spelling and writing because impairments in this domain were presenting complaints. Four experiments assessed the roles of visual and tactile information in the facilitation of motor performance by tools. Experiment 1 evaluated the patient's performance of six limb transitive actions under six conditions: (1) after he described the relevant tool from memory, (2) after he was shown a line drawing of the tool, (3) after he was shown a real exemplar of the tool, (4) after he watched the experimenter perform the action, (5) while he was holding the tool, and (6) immediately after he had performed the action with the tool but with the tool removed from his grasp. Experiment 2 evaluated the use of the same six tools when the patient had tactile but no visual information (while he was blindfolded). Experiments 3 and 4 assessed performance of actions appropriate to the same six tools when the patient had either neutral or inappropriate tactile feedback-that is, while he was holding a non-tool object or a different tool. RESULTS: Miming of tool use was not facilitated by visual input; moreover, lack of visual information in the blindfolded condition did not reduce performance. The principal positive finding was a dramatic facilitation of the patient's ability to demonstrate object use when he was holding either the appropriate tool or a neutral object. Tools inappropriate to the requested action produced involuntary performance of the stimulus relevant action. CONCLUSIONS: Tactile stimulation was paramount in the facilitation of motor performance in tool use by this patient with CBD. This outcome suggests that tactile information should be included in models which hypothesise modality specific inputs to the action production system. Significant impairments in spelling and letter production that have not previously been reported in CBD have also been documented. (+info)

Progressive frontal gait disturbance with atypical Alzheimer's disease and corticobasal degeneration. (6/321)

OBJECTIVES: The clinical neuropsychological, neuroradiological, and neuropathological description of two patients presenting with a frontal gait disturbance. METHODS: Clinical case note review, neuropsychological assessment, functional imaging with (15)O(2) and (18)F-fluorodopa PET, and neuropathology. RESULTS: Both patients presented with frontal gait impairment and only later developed more widespread cognitive impairment. In both cases (15)O(2) PET disclosed focal hypometabolism in the medial frontal lobes and in one patient (18)F-fluorodopa uptake into the caudate and putamen was normal. The neuropathological examination in one patient showed Alzheimer's histopathology together with large swollen eosinophilic neurons characteristic of corticobasal degeneration, which were particularly prominent in the medial frontal lobes. CONCLUSION: Focal degeneration of the medial frontal lobes may present as an isolated gait disturbance and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients who present without an obvious structural abnormality on neuroimaging. (+info)

Extrapyramidal type rigidity in rheumatoid arthritis. (7/321)

OBJECTIVES: We had noted cogwheel rigidity in a number of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Based on this finding, we aimed to investigate formally the presence of rigidity and cogwheeling in RA patients. Our secondary aim was to survey the co-existence of RA and Parkinson's disease (PD). METHODS: A total of 87 consecutive patients with a diagnosis of RA, 78 patients with PD and 67 otherwise healthy patients attending a dedicated headache clinic participated in the study. RESULTS: Rigidity was observed in 24% of RA, 60% of PD and 2% of headache patients. The frequency among the RA patients was significantly higher compared to that of patients with headache (chi 2 = 15.2; P = 0.00009). The frequency of PD among the RA patients was 2/87 (2.3%), while the frequency of RA among the PD patients was 6/78 (7.7%). CONCLUSION: Rigidity can be observed in approximately a quarter of patients with RA. (+info)

Enhanced association of mutant triosephosphate isomerase to red cell membranes and to brain microtubules. (8/321)

In a Hungarian family with triosephosphate isomerase (TPI; D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate keto-isomerase, EC 5.3.1.1) deficiency, two germ-line identical, but phenotypically differing compound heterozygote brothers (one of them with neurological disorder) have been identified with the same very low (<5%) TPI activity and 20- or 40-fold higher erythrocyte dihydroxyacetone phosphate levels as compared with normal controls. Our present studies with purified TPI and hemolysates revealed the binding of TPI, and the binding of human wild-type and mutant TPIs in hemolysate, to the red cell membrane, and the interference of binding with other hemolysate proteins. The binding of the mutant TPI is enhanced as compared with the wild-type enzyme. The increased binding is influenced by both the altered structure of the mutant and the changes in the red cell membrane. Compared with binding of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, the isomerase binding is much less sensitive to ionic strength or blocking of the N-terminal tail of the band-3 transmembrane protein. The binding of TPIs to the membrane decreases the isomerase activity, resulting in extremely high dihydroxyacetone phosphate levels in deficient cells. In cell-free brain extract, tubulin copolymerizes with TPI and with other cytosolic proteins forming highly decorated microtubules as shown by immunoblot analysis with anti-TPI antibody and by electron microscopic images. The efficacy order of TPI binding to microtubules is propositus > brother without neurological disorder > normal control. This distinct microcompartmentation of mutant proteins may be relevant in the development of the neurodegenerative process in TPI deficiency and in other, more common neurological diseases. (+info)

Some examples of basal ganglia diseases include:

1. Parkinson's disease: A neurodegenerative disorder characterized by tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia (slow movement), and postural instability.
2. Huntington's disease: An autosomal dominant disorder that causes progressive degeneration of the basal ganglia and a decline in cognitive, motor, and psychiatric functions.
3. Dystonia: A movement disorder characterized by sustained or intermittent muscle contractions that cause abnormal postures or movements.
4. Tourette's syndrome: A neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by multiple motor tics and at least one vocal tic, such as repeated sounds or words.
5. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD): An anxiety disorder characterized by recurring thoughts or compulsions to perform repetitive behaviors.
6. Schizophrenia: A psychotic disorder characterized by hallucinations, delusions, and cognitive impairments.
7. Kleine-Levin syndrome: A rare sleep disorder characterized by recurring periods of excessive sleepiness and automatic behaviors.
8. Wilson's disease: A rare genetic disorder caused by copper accumulation in the basal ganglia, leading to cognitive and motor impairments.
9. Hemiballism: A rare movement disorder characterized by unilateral or bilateral involuntary movements of the upper limbs.
10. Chorea-acanthocytosis: A rare genetic disorder characterized by chorea (involuntary movements), acanthocytosis (abnormal red blood cell shape), and cognitive decline.

These conditions are often challenging to diagnose and manage, and may require a comprehensive evaluation by a multidisciplinary team of healthcare professionals, including neurologists, psychiatrists, geneticists, and other specialists. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can help improve outcomes for individuals with these conditions.

Symptoms:

* Rapidly progressive dementia
* Ataxia (loss of coordination and balance)
* Myoclonus (involuntary muscle jerks)
* Visual disturbances
* Cognitive decline

Diagnosis:

* Clinical evaluation
* Neuroimaging studies (MRI, CT scans)
* Electroencephalography (EEG)
* Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination

Treatment and Management:

* There is no cure for CJD, but various medications can be used to manage the symptoms.
* Palliative care is essential to alleviate suffering and improve quality of life.
* Supportive care includes physical therapy, speech therapy, and occupational therapy.

Prognosis:

* CJD is a rapidly progressive disease with a poor prognosis, typically leading to death within 1-2 years after onset of symptoms.

Causes and Risk Factors:

* The cause of CJD is the transmission of misfolded prions, which are infectious proteins that accumulate in the brain.
* The most common form of transmission is through medical procedures using contaminated tissue, such as corneal transplants or dura mater grafts.
* There is also a rare genetic form of CJD, which is inherited from one's parents.

Complications:

* CJD can lead to various complications, including pneumonia, seizures, and coma.
* The disease can also cause psychiatric symptoms such as depression, anxiety, and hallucinations.

In conclusion, Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome is a rare and fatal brain disorder characterized by rapid neurological deterioration, prion accumulation in the brain, and poor prognosis. It is important to be aware of the causes and risk factors of CJD, as well as its symptoms and complications, to provide appropriate diagnosis and treatment for affected individuals.

The Fore people traditionally practiced cannibalism, consuming the brains of their deceased relatives as part of their funeral rites. This practice allowed the transmission of the misfolded protein from one individual to another, leading to an outbreak of kuru in the 1950s and 1960s. The disorder was first identified by medical professionals in the early 20th century, and it has since been studied extensively by neurologists and anthropologists.

Kuru is a unique example of a transmitted neurodegenerative disorder that is caused by a misfolded protein. It has contributed significantly to our understanding of the mechanisms underlying such disorders, and it has also highlighted the importance of cultural practices in shaping human health and disease.

The study of kuru has led to several important findings and advancements in the field of neurology. For example, researchers have identified the specific misfolded protein responsible for the disorder, and they have developed techniques for detecting and quantifying this protein in the brain and other tissues. Additionally, studies of kuru have shed light on the role of prions in transmitting infectious proteins, and they have provided insights into the mechanisms underlying other neurodegenerative disorders such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE).

Kuru is a rare and degenerative neurological disorder that is caused by the transmission of a misfolded protein called PrPSc. The disorder is transmitted through cannibalism, specifically the consumption of infected human tissue, and it is primarily found among the Fore people of Papua New Guinea. Kuru has contributed significantly to our understanding of prion diseases and their mechanisms, and it has also highlighted the importance of cultural practices in shaping human health and disease.

The study of kuru has been ongoing for several decades, and researchers have made significant progress in understanding the disorder's causes and transmission. One of the key findings has been the identification of PrPSc as the infectious agent responsible for kuru. This protein is a misfolded form of the normal prion protein (PrPC), which is found throughout the body. When PrPC is misfolded into PrPSc, it becomes resistant to degradation and can accumulate in the brain and other tissues, leading to the degenerative effects of kuru.

Researchers have also developed several techniques for detecting and quantifying PrPSc in the brain and other tissues. One of these techniques is called immunohistochemistry, which involves using antibodies to detect specific proteins in tissue samples. Another technique is called western blotting, which involves separating proteins by size and then probing them with antibodies to identify specific proteins. These techniques have been used to study the distribution and abundance of PrPSc in the brains of kuru patients, and they have shown that PrPSc is present throughout the brain, but is particularly concentrated in certain areas such as the cerebellum and brainstem.

In addition to understanding the causes of kuru, researchers have also made significant progress in understanding its transmission. Kuru is believed to be transmitted through a process called "protein misfolding cyclic amplification," which involves the conversion of normal PrPC into PrPSc. This process can occur through several mechanisms, including direct contact between individuals, or through the consumption of contaminated tissue.

One of the key cultural practices that has been linked to the transmission of kuru is the practice of "kuru feasting," in which family members consume the brains and other tissues of deceased loved ones as a way of honoring their memory. This practice was common among the Fore people of Papua New Guinea, who were one of the groups most affected by kuru. Researchers have found that kuru feasting can significantly increase the risk of transmission, and it is thought to be an important factor in the spread of the disease.

In addition to understanding the causes and transmission of kuru, researchers have also made significant progress in developing potential treatments for the disease. One promising approach is the use of antiviral drugs, which have been shown to reduce the levels of PrPSc in the brains of infected individuals. Another approach is the use of immunotherapy, which involves stimulating the body's immune system to attack and remove PrPSc-infected cells.

Overall, research into kuru has made significant progress in understanding its causes, transmission, and potential treatments. While much work remains to be done, this research has the potential to improve our understanding of other transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, and could ultimately lead to new treatments for these devastating diseases.

Symptoms of BSE include:

* Behavioral changes, such as aggression or confusion
* Loss of coordination and balance
* Weakness or paralysis of the limbs
* Vision problems
* Difficulty swallowing or chewing
* Change in vocalization or bellowing

BSE is transmitted through the consumption of contaminated beef products, such as meat and bonemeal, which contain the abnormal prion protein. The disease can also be spread through blood transfusions or other medical procedures using infected material.

There is no cure for BSE, and it is typically diagnosed through a combination of clinical signs, necropsy, and laboratory tests such as the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or Western blotting.

Prevention of BSE includes:

* Implementing strict controls on the handling and disposal of animal carcasses and tissues
* Avoiding the use of meat and bonemeal in animal feed
* Ensuring proper sterilization and safety protocols in medical procedures
* Monitoring and testing for the presence of the disease in cattle populations.

BSE has significant economic and public health implications, as it can lead to the loss of entire herds and the closure of livestock markets, as well as the potential for human transmission through the consumption of contaminated beef products.

... is a group of physical problems that occur when the group of nuclei in the brain known as the basal ... Blepharospasm may come from abnormal functioning of the brain's basal ganglia. Many disorders of the basal ganglia are due to ... Though motor disorders are the most common associated with the basal ganglia, recent research shows that basal ganglia ... primarily in the basal ganglia. About 0.3-1.5% of people have asymptomatic basal ganglia calcifications. Blepharospasm is any ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basal_ganglia_disease

June 2013). "Biotin-responsive basal ganglia disease should be renamed biotin-thiamine-responsive basal ganglia disease: a ... "Biotin-thiamine-responsive basal ganglia disease - About the Disease - Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center". ... Biotin-thiamine-responsive basal ganglia disease (BTBGD) is a rare disease that affects the nervous system, particularly the ... "Biotin thiamine responsive basal ganglia disease". Orphanet. Retrieved 2022-11-27. Majumdar S, Salamon N (March 2022). "Biotin- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotin-thiamine-responsive_basal_ganglia_disease

"Cortico-Basal Ganglia Interactions in Huntington's Disease". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires ,journal= (help) Ikemoto, ... Parent, A.; Hazrati, L. N. (1 January 1995). "Functional anatomy of the basal ganglia. I. The cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo- ... The cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loop (CBGTC loop) is a system of neural circuits in the brain. The loop involves ... The loop was originally proposed as a part of a model of the basal ganglia called the parallel processing model, which has been ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortico-basal_ganglia-thalamo-cortical_loop

Several diseases are associated with thiamine deficiency, including beriberi, biotin-thiamine-responsive basal ganglia disease ... Tabarki B, Al-Hashem A, Alfadhel M (August 2020). "Biotin-Thiamine-Responsive Basal Ganglia Disease". In Adam MP, Ardinger HH, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transketolase

Basal ganglia disease Anthoney, Terence (1994). Neuroanatomy and the Neurologic Exam: A Thesaurus of Synonyms, Similar-Sounding ... leading to a reduced inhibitory outflow of the basal ganglia. Without the normal restraining influence of the basal ganglia, ... Since the basal ganglia often have many connections with the frontal lobe of the brain, hyperkinesia can be associated with ... The causes of the majority of the above hyperkinetic movements can be traced to improper modulation of the basal ganglia by the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperkinesia

Gunaydin LA, Kreitzer AC (2016). Cortico-basal ganglia circuit function in psychiatric disease. Annual Review of Physiology 78 ... Anatol Kreitzer at the University of California San Francisco's Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease. Under Kreitzer's ... "Lisa Gunaydin, PhD , Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases". ind.ucsf.edu. Retrieved 2020-03-31. "Breakthrough Prize - Life ... since held an assistant professorship in Psychiatry as well as an appointment at the Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisa_Gunaydin

Habib, M. (2004). "Athymhormia and Disorders of Motivation in Basal Ganglia Disease". The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and ... the syndrome is believed to be due to damage to areas of the basal ganglia or frontal cortex, specifically the striatum and ... A basal ganglia related syndrome". Mov. Disord. 16 (5): 810-814. doi:10.1002/mds.1185. PMID 11746609. S2CID 36103913. ... wherein the limbic loop of the basal ganglia is the initiator of directed action and thought. First described by French ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athymhormic_syndrome

Diseases of the basal ganglia and subthalamic nuclei. New York: Oxford University Press. 1946. Handbook of neurological ... Denny-Brown also made contributions to the understanding of many other neurological diseases. Denny-Brown came to the United ... Robertson WM (February 2000). "Wilson's disease". Arch. Neurol. 57 (2): 276-7. doi:10.1001/archneur.57.2.276. PMID 10681092. ... physiology of micturition and the treatment of Wilson's disease. Born in New Zealand, he studied at the University of Otago at ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derek_Denny-Brown

Habib M (2004). "Athymhormia and disorders of motivation in Basal Ganglia disease". J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 16 (4): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athymhormia

Patients with Parkinson disease or other basal ganglia disorders such as Huntington disease (in which caudate neurons ... Parkinson's disease is likely the most studied basal ganglia disorder. Patients with this progressive neurodegenerative ... The caudate nucleus is one of the structures that make up the corpus striatum, which is a component of the basal ganglia in the ... Grahn JA, Parkinson JA, Owen AM (April 2009). "The role of the basal ganglia in learning and memory: neuropsychological studies ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caudate_nucleus

... s are synonymous with basal ganglia or extrapyramidal diseases. Movement disorders are conventionally divided ... Movement disorders have been known to be associated with a variety of autoimmune diseases. Vesalius and Piccolomini in 16th ... Poewe, Werner; Jankovic, Joseph (2014-02-20). Movement Disorders in Neurologic and Systemic Disease. Cambridge University Press ... "Movement disorders in autoimmune diseases". Movement Disorders. 27 (8): 935-46. doi:10.1002/mds.25011. PMID 22555904. S2CID ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movement_disorder

Mutations in this gene cause biotin-responsive basal ganglia disease (BBGD); a recessive disorder manifested in childhood that ... Subramanian VS, Marchant JS, Said HM (2006). "Biotin-responsive basal ganglia disease-linked mutations inhibit thiamine ... "Biotin-responsive basal ganglia disease maps to 2q36.3 and is due to mutations in SLC19A3". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 77 (1): 16-26. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiamine_transporter_2

Pathophysiology of the human Basal Ganglia in Parkinson disease". Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews. 32 (3): 378-387. doi: ... Hemiballismus or hemiballism is a basal ganglia syndrome resulting from damage to the subthalamic nucleus in the basal ganglia ... In the basal ganglia, this can result in the death of tissue that helps to control movement. As a result, the brain is left ... The basal ganglia are a collection of nuclei that connects to several other areas of the brain. Due to the diverse nuclei that ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemiballismus

His main research interest is the physiology of basal ganglia-related brain disease. Walsh's research career focuses on ... at corticostriatal synapses and how pathology in dopamine function in disease impacts the ability of the basal ganglia to ... mouse model of Parkinson's disease". Neurobiology of Disease. 63: 201-209. doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2013.11.017. PMC 3940446. PMID ... understanding how synapses in the basal ganglia, and in particular, corticostriatal synapses are modified by use or experience ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Walsh_(American_scientist)

Pell, M. D.; Leonard, C. L. (2003). "Processing emotional tone from speech in Parkinson's disease: A role for the basal ganglia ... These regions include: Mid and superior temporal gyri Insulae Inferior frontal gyrus Basal ganglia Amygdalae Additional to the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accent_perception

Adult-onset basal ganglia disease caused by Ferritin light chain (FTL) mutations is described. July - First fossil skull ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001_in_science

... selective localization in the human basal ganglia and alterations with disease". Neuroscience. 42 (3): 697-706. doi:10.1016/ ... Schiffmann SN, Fisone G, Moresco R, Cunha RA, Ferré S (December 2007). "Adenosine A2A receptors and basal ganglia physiology". ... is abundant in basal ganglia, vasculature, T lymphocytes, and platelets and it is a major target of caffeine, which is a ... Simola N, Morelli M, Pinna A (2008). "Adenosine A2A receptor antagonists and Parkinson's disease: state of the art and future ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenosine_A2A_receptor

"Biotin-responsive basal ganglia disease maps to 2q36.3 and is due to mutations in SLC19A3". American Journal of Human Genetics ... and glucose storage diseases. Disease associated mutations have been found in a number of human MFS transporters; those ... "Gene disruption of Mfsd8 in mice provides the first animal model for CLN7 disease". Neurobiology of Disease. 65: 12-24. doi: ... MFS family members are central to human physiology and play an important role in a number of diseases, through aberrant action ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_facilitator_superfamily

It is also a basal ganglia disease causing a hyperkinetic movement disorder known as chorea. As the disease advances, ... the cerebral cortex sends a signal to the basal ganglia that causes the inhibition to be released. Damage to the basal ganglia ... "Modulation of Movement by the Basal Ganglia - Circuits within the Basal Ganglia System". In Purves D (ed.). Neuroscience (2nd ... Early damage is most evident in the subcortical basal ganglia, initially in the striatum, but as the disease progresses, other ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huntington's_disease

... and affected portion of the basal ganglia. Symptoms are also similar to Lou Gehrig's disease and multiple sclerosis. Manganism ... "Parkinson's disease and other basal ganglia or movement disorders in a large nationwide cohort of Swedish welders". ... Upon protracted exposure symptoms are more prominent and resemble those of idiopathic Parkinson's disease, as which it is often ... Companies employing welders are also being sued, for what colloquially is known as "welders' disease." However, studies fail to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganism

... and affected portion of the basal ganglia. Symptoms are also similar to Lou Gehrig's disease and multiple sclerosis. Manganism ... Diseases that involve disorders of the small intestine, such as celiac disease, Crohn's disease and ileitis, may also reduce ... "Parkinson's disease and other basal ganglia or movement disorders in a large nationwide cohort of Swedish welders". ... chronic liver disease, chronic renal disease, sickle cell disease, diabetes, malignancy, pyroluria, and other chronic illnesses ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nutritional_neuroscience

... s includes those diseases which predominantly affects the basal ganglia along with features of cognitive ... McHugh PR (1990). The basal ganglia: The region, the integration of its symptoms and implications for psychiatry and neurology ... Diseases such as progressive supranuclear palsy, Huntington's chorea and Parkinson's disease are different in many features ... The dementia is more severe in patients with early onset of Huntington's disease. Parkinson's disease is characterised by ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subcortical_dementia

Mutations of the FTL gene cause the rare adult-onset basal ganglia disease also known as neuroferritinopathy. These mutations ... Zandman-Goddard G, Shoenfeld Y (2007). "Ferritin in autoimmune diseases". Autoimmun Rev. 6 (7): 457-63. doi:10.1016/j.autrev. ... Cazzola M, Skoda RC (June 2000). "Translational pathophysiology: a novel molecular mechanism of human disease". Blood. 95 (11 ... in iron levels caused by defects in the FTL gene has been known to be a cause of the onset of neurodegenerative diseases and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferritin_light_chain

... (CBD) is a rare neurodegenerative disease involving the cerebral cortex and the basal ganglia. CBD ... the disease occurs as a result of damage to the basal ganglia, specifically marked by neuronal degeneration or depigmentation ( ... Included in these fundamental features are problems with cortical processing, dysfunction of the basal ganglia, and a sudden ... With many patients of CBD, there are areas in the basal ganglia which have difficulties receiving dopamine, typically ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corticobasal_degeneration

February 1999). "Distribution of histamine H3-receptor binding in the normal human basal ganglia: comparison with Huntington's ... and Parkinson's disease cases". The European Journal of Neuroscience. 11 (2): 449-456. doi:10.1046/j.1460-9568.1999.00453.x. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscarinic_acetylcholine_receptor_M3

Sometimes neural circuitries can become pathological and cause problems such as in Parkinson's disease when the basal ganglia ... basal ganglia, thalamus, and back to the cortex. The largest structure within the basal ganglia, the striatum, is seen as ... There are several neural circuits in the cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loop. These circuits carry information between ... Similarly, simulations of dysfunctional neurotransmitters in neurological conditions (e.g., dopamine in the basal ganglia of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neural_circuit

... of single unit recordings to determine the structural organization of the basal ganglia in patients with Parkinson's disease. ... in experimental and human Parkinsonism to the development of a functional concept of the role played by the basal ganglia in ... BMIs have the potential to restore function in patients with paralysis or neurological disease. This technology has potential ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-unit_recording

Parkinson's disease, which affects the basal ganglia, has been shown to cause an impairment in the ability to consolidate new ... This points to the importance of the basal ganglia, the primary target of Parkinson's disease, in creating the new sensory/ ... Learning and memory functions of the Basal Ganglia. Annu Rev Neurosci. 2002;25:563-93. Epub 2002 Mar 27. Diedrichsen J, ... and the basal ganglia. Given that motor skill consolidation is a distributed process, the ability to form new procedural ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_skill_consolidation

Also, several major degenerative diseases of the basal ganglia, including Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease, are ... and of being regulated by the basal ganglia. In the cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loop the basal ganglia are ... The primate central complex as one of the basal ganglia. In The Basal Ganglia III Bernardi, G. et al. (eds) pp. 177-186. Plenum ... The basal ganglia form a major brain system in all species of vertebrates, but in primates (including humans) there are special ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primate_basal_ganglia

Wilson's disease, biotin-thiamine-responsive basal ganglia disease (BTBGD), and some forms of encephalitis. Perinatal asphyxia ... In the case of Leigh disease, crucial cells in the brain stem and basal ganglia are affected. This causes a chronic lack of ... Dystonia, nystagmus, and problems with the autonomic nervous system suggest damage to the basal ganglia and brain stem ... When hyperbilirubinemia is not treated with phototherapy, the bilirubin can accumulate in the basal ganglia and cause lesions ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leigh_syndrome

This is caused by progressive degeneration of neurons in several parts of the brain including the basal ganglia, inferior ... "Role of Neuroimaging on Differentiation of Parkinson's Disease and Its Related Diseases". Yonago Acta Medica (Review). 61 (3): ... The disease progresses without remission at a variable rate. Those who present at an older age, those with parkinsonian ... As the disease progresses one of three groups of symptoms predominates. These are:[citation needed] Parkinsonism - slow, stiff ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_system_atrophy

It produces extrapyramidal symptoms with necrosis of the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and basal ganglia. Toxicity may also ... Rodriguez-Kabana, R., Backman, P. A. and King, P.S., Plant Disease Reporter, 1975, Vol. 59, No. 6, pp. 528-532 (link) Awan, M. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_azide

These lesions are concentrated around the basal ganglia, peri-ventricular white matter, and the pons, and are similar to those ... although MRI is able to detect signs of the disease years prior to clinical manifestation of disease. The condition was ... The disease belongs to a family of disorders called the leukodystrophies. The most common clinical manifestations are migraine ... 2006). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: clinical Dermatology. Saunders Elsevier. p. 545. ISBN 978-0-7216-2921-6. "CADASIL History ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CADASIL

The cell bodies of these primary neurons are located in the dorsal root ganglia. In the spinal cord, the axons synapse and the ... The alar plate and the basal plate are separated by the sulcus limitans. Additionally, the floor plate also secretes netrins. ... Spinal cord injury can also be non-traumatic and caused by disease (transverse myelitis, polio, spina bifida, Friedreich's ... Dorsal root ganglion neurons differentiate from neural crest progenitors. As the dorsal and ventral column cells proliferate, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinal_cord

"Histamine Modulation of the Basal Ganglia Circuitry in the Development of Pathological Grooming." Proceedings of the National ... "Histamine H3 Receptor as a Potential Target for Cognitive Symptoms in Neuropsychiatric Diseases." Behavioural Brain Research ... because of H3 receptor-modulation of dopamine and GABA in the basal ganglia), schizophrenia and ADHD (again because of dopamine ... "Histamine H3 Receptor as a Potential Target for Cognitive Symptoms in Neuropsychiatric Diseases." Behavioural Brain Research ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histamine_H3_receptor

... with intracranial haemorrhage due to high blood pressure which occurs in deep locations of the brain such as basal ganglia and ... The amyloid material is only found in the brain and as such the disease is not related to other forms of amyloidosis. CAA is ... Verbeek, M. M.; Waal, R. M. de; Vinters, Harry V. (2013). Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy in Alzheimer's Disease and Related ... 2002). "Dense-core senile plaques in the Flemish variant of Alzheimer's disease are vasocentric". American Journal of Pathology ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebral_amyloid_angiopathy

The indicative diagnostic biomarkers are: reduced dopamine transporter uptake in the basal ganglia shown on PET or SPECT ... January 2022). "Lewy body disease or diseases with Lewy bodies?". NPJ Parkinson's Disease (Review). 8 (1): 3. doi:10.1038/ ... Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease, and Parkinson's disease dementia. The APOE gene has three common variants. One, ... Parkinson's disease or Parkinson's disease dementia. This suggests some shared genetic pathology may underlie all four diseases ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dementia_with_Lewy_bodies

The basal ganglia are the central site at which decisions are made: the basal ganglia exert a sustained inhibitory control over ... A prion disease called kuru has been traced to this. Brain-computer interface Central nervous system disease List of ... The basal ganglia are a group of interconnected structures in the forebrain. The primary function of the basal ganglia appears ... It is implemented by a network of brain areas centered on the basal ganglia. Motor learning is the ability to refine patterns ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterised by degeneration of the substantia nigra within the basal ganglia and the locus ... Degeneration of the substantia nigra is implicated in the cause of Parkinson's disease. These regions of the basal ganglia are ... In neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and Parkinson's disease, areas such as ... Animal research and positron emission tomography (PET) studies have shown the role of the basal ganglia in selective attention ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_selective_attention_in_dementia

A ganglion mother cell (GMC) is the cell derived from the division of a neuroblast in the Drosophila central nervous system. ... The mother neuroblast divides along the apical-basal axis, with Numb localizing basally and ending up in the GMC. In mice ... 1995). "Cloning of a gene bearing missense mutations in early-onset familial Alzheimer's disease". Nature. 375 (6534): 754-60. ... In neuroblasts, both complexes are localized to the apical cortex, causing apical/basal cell division and daughter cells ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NUMB_(gene)

ERICH3 is most highly expressed in a variety of regions of the human brain, including the nucleus accumbens (basal ganglia) and ... "Use of microvesicles in diagnosis and prognosis of medical diseases and conditions", issued Julu 2014 "C1orf173". Stanford ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutamate-rich_protein_3

"Localization and Function of GABA Transporters GAT-1 and GAT-3 in the Basal Ganglia". Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience. 5: 63 ... Imbalance in the GABAergic neurotransmission is involved in the pathophysiology of various neurological diseases such as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GABA_transporter_type_1

"Dose response of the 16p11.2 distal copy number variant on intracranial volume and basal ganglia". Molecular Psychiatry. 25 (3 ... Glucocorticoid receptor exon 1Fmethylation and the cortisol stress response in health and disease. Psychoneuroendocrinology. ... paving the way to link brain volumes in health and disease to genetic variation. As of 2020, Kahn is the principal investigator ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/René_Kahn

... rather than deep white matter or basal ganglia. These are usually described as "lobar". These bleedings are not associated with ... transformation of an ischemic stroke Cerebral venous thrombosis Sympathomimetic drug abuse Moyamoya disease Sickle cell disease ... and lung cancer are the most common causes of hemorrhage from metastatic disease. Other causes of intraparenchymal hemorrhage ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intraparenchymal_hemorrhage

The underlying mechanism is believed to typically involve the central nervous system, specifically the basal ganglia. Diagnosis ... Risk factors include: Being female Being middle aged Having a family history of neurological diseases (e.g., tremor, dystonia, ... meningitis, and other neurological diseases) Stressful events Upper respiratory tract infections Sinus and throat illnesses ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spasmodic_dysphonia

Alzheimer's disease, Rostral basal ganglia and associated structures, Acetylcholine). ... Meynert originally called this group of cells the 'ganglion of the ansa peduncularis' (ganglion der Hirnschenkelschlinge), ... basal ganglion of Meynert' (Meynert'sches Basalganglion). Later, in a pair of 1942 publications, Harold Brockhaus referred to ... The nucleus basalis in humans is a somewhat diffuse collection of large cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain. The main ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleus_basalis

... hippocampal dysfunction might produce an alteration of dopamine release in the basal ganglia, thereby indirectly affecting the ... In Alzheimer's disease (and other forms of dementia), the hippocampus is one of the first regions of the brain to suffer damage ... Age-related conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia (for which hippocampal disruption is one of the ... In the ensuing years, other patients with similar levels of hippocampal damage and amnesia (caused by accident or disease) have ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippocampus

Maung SC, El Sara A, Chapman C, Cohen D, Cukor D (May 2016). "Sleep disorders and chronic kidney disease". World Journal of ... This was shown by Gene Block in isolated mollusk basal retinal neurons (BRNs). At the same time, different cells may ... But the retina also contains specialized ganglion cells that are directly photosensitive, and project directly to the SCN, ... Ma Y, Gil S, Grasser KD, Mas P (April 2018). "Targeted Recruitment of the Basal Transcriptional Machinery by LNK Clock ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circadian_rhythm

... basal ganglia and thalamus has recently been used as a successful treatment for tremors of patients with Parkinson's disease. ... Treatment was based on the theory that there is an imbalance of the neurotransmitter dopamine in the basal ganglia. These drugs ... Although no lesions are present in the basal ganglia in primary spasmodic torticollis, fMRI and PET studies have shown ... These neurotransmitters are secreted from the basal ganglia, traveling to muscle groups in the neck. An increase in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spasmodic_torticollis

However, those who have deep cerebral venous sinus thrombosis or oedema at basal ganglia are more prone to hydrocephalus ... a kidney problem causing protein loss in the urine Chronic inflammatory diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, lupus and ... The disease may be complicated by raised intracranial pressure, which may warrant surgical intervention such as the placement ... On 13 April 2021 the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention paused the use of the Janssen COVID-19 vaccine in the United ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebral_venous_sinus_thrombosis

... basal ganglia or limbic structures. These people develop a new, post-injury passion for gourmet food. There are two main ... Nervous system disease stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gourmand_syndrome

Biochemistry and Pharmacology of the Basal Ganglia (1966) Biochemistry of Simple Neuronal Models (1970) Neurosteroids and Brain ... His research interests covered brain serotonergic activity in health and disease, benzodiazepine-GABA interactions, ... a disease at the interface of the genome and the epigenome". Mol. Interv. 2 (1): 47-57. doi:10.1124/mi.2.1.47. PMID 14993361. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erminio_Costa

As a cluster of neuron cell bodies, the adrenal medulla is considered a modified ganglion of the sympathetic nervous system. ... The adrenal medulla affects energy availability, heart rate, and basal metabolic rate. Recent research indicates that the ... "Diseases of the adrenal medulla". Acta Physiologica. 192 (2): 325-335. doi:10.1111/j.1748-1716.2007.01809.x. PMC 2576282. PMID ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenal_medulla

... part of the basal ganglia) in rats compared to the Substantia- Innominata/Ventral Pallidum which was in turn worse compared to ... such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Because of semantic memory deficits, persons with Alzheimer's disease have difficulties ... Laatu S., Jaykka H., Portin R., Rinne J. (2003). "Visual object recognition in early Alzheimer's disease: deficits in semantic ... category and attribute in semantic representation may inform our ability to assess semantic function in aging and disease ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_object_recognition_(animal_test)

... a subcortical region of the basal ganglia. The drug is sold under the brand name Datscan and is manufactured by GE Healthcare, ... used in nuclear medicine for the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease and the differential diagnosis of Parkinson's disease over ... A feature of Parkinson's disease is a marked reduction in dopaminergic neurons in the striatal region. By introducing an agent ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioflupane_(123I)

"Identification of a novel PAFAH1B1 missense mutation as a cause of mild lissencephaly with basal ganglia calcification". Brain ... "Lissencephaly". National Organisation for Rare Diseases (NORD). NORD Rare Disease Database. 2018. Retrieved 20 May 2018. Liu, J ... Aspiration and respiratory disease are the most common causes of illness or death. In the past, life expectancy was said to be ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lissencephaly

July 2003). "Karak syndrome: a novel degenerative disorder of the basal ganglia and cerebellum". J. Med. Genet. 40 (7): 543-6. ... The family who the disease was discovered in their siblings lived in Karak, a town in southern Jordan. It is characterized by ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karak_syndrome

... wherein autoimmune antibodies affect the basal ganglia, causing rapid onset of psychiatric, motor, sleep, and other symptoms in ... Centers for Disease Control Prevention (CDC) (March 2000). "Adoption of perinatal group B streptococcal disease prevention ... Rheumatic fever, a disease that affects the joints, kidneys, and heart valves, is a consequence of untreated strep A infection ... The diseases that may be caused include streptococcal toxic shock syndrome, necrotizing fasciitis, pneumonia, and bacteremia. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptococcus

... including a group of structures in the brain called the basal ganglia, which help control movement. Explore symptoms, ... Biotin-thiamine-responsive basal ganglia disease is a disorder that affects the nervous system, ... Biotin-responsive basal ganglia disease should be renamed biotin-thiamine-responsive basal ganglia disease: a retrospective ... medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/biotin-thiamine-responsive-basal-ganglia-disease/ Biotin-thiamine-responsive basal ganglia ...

https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/biotin-thiamine-responsive-basal-ganglia-disease/

"Basal Ganglia Diseases". 0-9. A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T. U. V. W. X. Y. Z. * 0-9 ...

https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/browse?authority=Basal+Ganglia+Diseases&type=mesh

Idiopathic basal ganglia calcification (IBGC) is a genetic disorder of the nervous system commonly known as Fahr disease. IBGC ... SLC20A2-Associated Idiopathic basal ganglia calcification (Fahr disease): a case family report.. Li, Meiying; Fu, Qin; Xiang, ... also known as familial basal ganglia calcification (FBGC), or familial Fahr disease. It is a rare degenerative neurological ... Here we report a case of familial basal ganglia calcification caused by a frameshift mutation in the SLC20A2 gene. We ...

https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/saudepublica/resource/pt/mdl-36397039

... from thalamic or basal ganglionic hemorrhage (TGH; n = 70). Chronic hypertension occurred more commonly in TGH (T … ... Basal Ganglia Diseases / diagnosis* * Basal Ganglia Diseases / diagnostic imaging * Cerebral Hemorrhage / diagnosis* ... Lobar vs thalamic and basal ganglion hemorrhage: clinical and radiographic features J Neurol. 1987 Feb;234(2):86-90. doi: ... from thalamic or basal ganglionic hemorrhage (TGH; n = 70). Chronic hypertension occurred more commonly in TGH (TGH 67%; LH 48 ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3559644/?dopt=Abstract

Huntington Disease. Basal Ganglia Diseases. Brain Diseases. Central Nervous System Diseases. Nervous System Diseases. Dementia ... Condition or disease Intervention/treatment Phase Huntingtons Disease Genetic: intra-striatal rAAV5-miHTT Other: Imitation ( ... MedlinePlus related topics: Huntington's Disease Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center resources: Huntington ... Safety and Proof-of-Concept (POC) Study With AMT-130 in Adults With Early Manifest Huntingtons Disease. The safety and ...

https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04120493?term=NCT04120493&draw=2&rank=1

Parkinson Disease. Parkinsonian Disorders. Basal Ganglia Diseases. Brain Diseases. Central Nervous System Diseases. Nervous ... Brain Diseases. Central Nervous System Diseases. Nervous System Diseases. Neurodegenerative Diseases. Neurocognitive Disorders ... Study Assessing Efficacy and Safety of AKST4290 in Subjects With Parkinsons Disease on Stable Dopaminergic Treatment (TEAL). ... The Parkinsons Disease Quality of Life Questionnaire-39 (PDQ-39), Change From Baseline in PDQ-39 During the On-medication ...

https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04369430

From the Latin for "black substance," the substantia nigra is a part of the basal ganglia that is rich in dopamine-producing ... The largest component of the basal ganglia, the striatum controls movement, balance, and walking. It is sometimes called the ... Sporadic Parkinsons disease is sometimes called idiopathic, meaning that the cause is unknown. Sporadic Parkinsons disease ... Symptoms that affect up to 90 percent of individuals with Parkinsons disease at some time in the course of their disease, and ...

https://www.michaeljfox.org/glossary-terms?tab=S&item=somatic-cell-nuclear-transfer

Other degenerative diseases of basal ganglia, Dystonia, Other extrapyramidal and movement disorders, Extrapyramidal and ... ICD-10 Code range (G20-G26), Extrapyramidal and movement disorders contains ICD-10 codes for Parkinsons disease, Secondary ...

https://www.aapc.com/codes/icd-10-codes-range/G00-G99/G20-G26

Essential blepharospasm due to basal ganglia disease ultimately becomes bilateral. It sometimes is accompanied by apraxia of ... In patients with Graves disease and an exotropia, concomitant myasthenia is a possibility (with Graves disease esotropia and ... Forced ductions are restricted with mechanical disease and normal with paralytic disease, unless the paralysis has caused ... Diagnosing oral diseases that affect the eyes. J Am Dent Assoc. 1994 May. 125(5):608-10, 612-4, 616. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1820707-overview

Basal Ganglia Diseases [‎1]‎. Bathing Beaches [‎4]‎. Bayes Theorem [‎1]‎. BCG Vaccine [‎9]‎. ...

https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/handle/10665/26722/browse?rpp=20&etal=-1&sort_by=-1&type=mesh&starts_with_previous=J&starts_with=B&order=ASC

PICK DISEASE OF THE BRAIN ENFERMEDAD DEL CEREBRO DE PICK DOENÇA CEREBROVASCULAR DOS GÂNGLIOS DA BASE BASAL GANGLIA ... NÚCLEO BASAL DE MEYNERT BASAL NUCLEUS OF MEYNERT NUCLEO BASAL DE MEYNERT ... BASAL GANGLIA HEMORRHAGE HEMORRAGIA DE LOS GANGLIOS BASALES HEMORRAGIA ENCEFÁLICA TRAUMÁTICA BRAIN HEMORRHAGE, TRAUMATIC ... PELIZAEUS-MERZBACHER DISEASE ENFERMEDAD DE PELIZAEUS-MERZBACHER DOENÇA DOS CORPOS DE LEWY LEWY BODY DISEASE ENFERMEDAD DEL ...

https://decs.bvs.br/P/news2000pie.htm

... and part of the basal ganglia circuitry in Parkinsons disease. Overall, there is today compelling evidence that placebos and ... a brain region belonging to the basal ganglia circuitry and whose activity is increased in Parkinsons disease. Verbal ... Parkinsons disease. As with pain, also in motor disorders, such as Parkinsons disease, a placebo procedure can be followed by ... Pain and Parkinsons disease represent the most productive models to better understand the neurobiology of the placebo effect. ...

https://smw.ch/index.php/smw/article/download/2865/4679?inline=1

Basal ganglia, Parkinson disease, synaptic plasticity. junito. 2007‑03‑04. Barna Dudok (Info). Stanford University Medical ... Neurovascular disease, Stroke. stanfordneuro. 2019‑09‑28. James R. Bamburg (Info). Colorado State. ADF/Cofilin. jendd810. 2009‑ ... nerve and muscle pathology; mitochondrial diseases. avarga. 2005‑12‑14. Anthony D. Wagner (Info). Stanford. Memory. cab. 2006‑ ... brain aging, dementia, Parkinsons disease, neurodegeneration. pq. 2015‑11‑25. Frank Longo (Info). Stanford. simmonsd. 2009‑03‑ ...

https://neurotree.org/neurotree/peoplelist.php?searchinst=Stanford%20%20University%20Medical%20School

Increased risk of diseases of the basal ganglia and cerebellum strongest in those labeled "ADHD" and given drugs ... Patients with ADHD (N = 31,769) had a 2.4-fold increased risk of basal ganglia and cerebellum diseases (95% confidence interval ... In 4960 ADHD patients prescribed psychostimulants, risk of basal ganglia and cerebellum diseases between ages 21 and 49 years ... the objective of this study was to determine if either alters the risk of diseases of the basal ganglia and cerebellum, ...

https://breggin.com/blog/breaking-news-and-information-march-2019

Temporal dynamics of basal ganglia under-recruitment in Parkinsons disease: transient caudate abnormalities during updating of ... Reliability and validity of visual analysis of [18F]FE-PE2I PET/CT in early Parkinsonian disease ... Frontal white matter injuries predestine gait difficulties in Parkinsons disease Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, Wiley- ... Pre- and postsynaptic dopamine SPECT in idiopathic parkinsonian diseases: a follow-up study ...

https://www.umu.se/personal/anne-larsson/?flik=publikationer

Parkinsons disease is primarily a disorder of the basal ganglia. It is due to an imbalance between dopamine-activated and ... B) Parkinsons Disease. Parkinsons disease is characterized by bradykinesia, or slowing of motor movement, intention tremor ... E) Amyotrophic Lateral Scelrosis (ALS or Lou Gehrigs Disease). ALS is a progressive neuromuscular disease affecting both upper ... This disease entity is also known as Ludwigs angina (30)(97). The treatment, in addition to high dose antibiotic therapy, is ...

https://www.entandallergy.com/service/vas/swallowing-disorders

2014) Abnormal bursting as a pathophysiological mechanism in Parkinsons disease Basal Ganglia 3:187-195. ... thereby altering basal ganglia output.. Basal ganglia output neurons are thought to affect behavior not just via their firing ... Basal ganglia dynamics and the nature of restraint. Our results add to prior evidence that, beyond simple sensory or motor ... 2017) To wait or not to wait-separate mechanisms in the oculomotor circuit of basal ganglia Frontiers in Neuroanatomy 11:35. ...

https://elifesciences.org/articles/82143

Other specified degenerative diseases of basal ganglia G239 Degenerative disease of basal ganglia, unspecified G2402 Drug ... von Gierke disease E7402 Pompe disease E7403 Cori disease E7404 McArdle disease E7409 Other glycogen storage disease E7420 ... disease B5732 Megacolon in Chagas disease B5739 Other digestive system involvement in Chagas disease B5740 Chagas disease ... Sezary disease, intra-abdominal lymph nodes C8414 Sezary disease, lymph nodes of axilla and upper limb C8415 Sezary disease, ...

https://www.hhs.gov/guidance/sites/default/files/hhs-guidance-documents/v31R-full_appendix_F_J.txt

... between glutamatergic and monoaminergic systems within the basal ganglia implications for schizophrenia and Parkinson s disease ...

https://www.medigraphic.com/cgi-bin/new/resumen.cgi?IDARTICULO=21331&IDPUBLICACION=2169&IDREVISTA=16&NOMBRE=Gaceta%20M%EF%BF%BD%EF%BF%BDdica%20de%20M%EF%BF%BD%EF%BF%BDxico

areas of the basal ganglia where the dopaminergic neurons that refine and control movement are found ... What is Parkinsons Disease?. This section will help you understand the basics of Parkinsons Disease, how Parkinsons Disease ... The American Parkinson Disease Association (APDA) is the largest grassroots network dedicated to fighting Parkinsons disease ( ... AMERICAN PARKINSON DISEASE ASSOCIATION TO CELEBRATE THE IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNITY & CONNECTION DURING PARKINSONS DISEASE ...

https://www.apdaparkinson.org/article/freezing-gait-and-parkinsons-disease/

So aspartic acid even in and by itself is a recognized source of the damage to the basal ganglia where Parkinson Disease ... He further said the structural damage in the basal areas of the brain where Parkinson Disease structural damage occurs from the ... The two dopamine receptor subtypes (D1 and D2) exert synergistic effects on the firing rates of basal ganglia neurons (Walter ... H. J. Roberts, M.D., who declared Aspartame Disease to be a global plague published the medical text, Aspartame Disease: An ...

http://www.wnho.net/schwarz_pharma_letter.htm

AD is a progressive degenerative disease of the brain, strongly associated with advanced age. ... Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. ... Bilateral symmetric basal ganglia calcification is a frequent ... How is Alzheimer disease (AD) in Down syndrome (DS) prevented?. How are the complications of Alzheimer disease (AD) in Down ... encoded search term (Alzheimer Disease in Down Syndrome) and Alzheimer Disease in Down Syndrome What to Read Next on Medscape ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1136117-overview

... is a disabling neurodegenerative disease whose manifestations span motor, sensorimotor, and sensory domains. While current ... Maschke, M.; Gomez, C.M.; Tuite, P.J.; Konczak, J. Dysfunction of the basal ganglia, but not the cerebellum, impairs ... Parkinsons disease (PD) is a disabling neurodegenerative disease whose manifestations span motor, sensorimotor, and sensory ... GBD 2016 Parkinsons Disease Collaborators. Global, regional, and national burden of Parkinsons disease, 1990-2016: A ...

https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/11/2/185

... in the neuron excitability and synaptic connectivity lead high-level disease-specific dynamical changes in the basal ganglia ... When the disease-related activity is restored to normal levels, symptoms of the disease are also alleviated. Similar evidence ... This suggests that a certain subset of brain diseases can be treated as diseases of brain dynamics. Moreover, when viewed from ... I will discuss recent progress in modelling of the aberrant activity in Parkinsons disease and anxiety. For both diseases, we ...

https://www.pks.mpg.de/brain-dynamics-on-multiple-scales-paradigms-their-relations-and-integrated-approaches/program

... latter with regards to the many neurological and psychiatric diseases that affect the basal ganglia such as Parkinsons disease ... The Basal Ganglia Modeling Center in Stockholm is co-hosted at the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) and Karolinska Institute ... Emphasis is on allowing the user to set up new or use pre-defined virtual experiments to investigate the basal ganglia and ... to use and collaborate using the EBRAINS tools and workflows useful for understanding the basal ganglia in health and disease. ...

https://www.humanbrainproject.eu/en/collaborate-hbp/facility-hubs/

... who worked in a lab where she studied the role of the brains basal ganglia in Parkinsons Disease and addiction, and other ...

https://www.furman.edu/news/2019/04/10/furman-engaged-inspires-shows-whats-possible/

Diseases associated with abnormalities in the basal ganglia, Lundbeck Institute, CNSforum, Educational Resources, Image Bank, ... Basal-ganglia-classic.png .. * Gillies A (Araru) basal-ganglia-coronal-sections, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Basal- ... Haggstrom M (images by Gillies A, (Araru) and Lynch PJ Basal Ganglia Circuits, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Basal_ganglia_ ... Hornykiewicz O. Dopamine in the basal ganglia: Its role and therapeutic indictions (including the clinical use of L-DOPA). Br. ...

https://pharmacology2000.com/Autonomics/Adrenergics1/Adrenergic-37.htm

Biotin-thiamine-responsive basal ganglia disease is a rare condition that affects the brain and other parts of the nervous system. (nih.gov)
Biotin-thiamine-responsive basal ganglia disease is caused by changes in the SLC19A3 gene and is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. (nih.gov)
When Do Symptoms of Biotin-thiamine-responsive basal ganglia disease Begin? (nih.gov)
Biotin-thiamine-responsive basal ganglia disease is a genetic disease, which means that it is caused by one or more genes not working correctly. (nih.gov)
Biotin-thiamine-responsive basal ganglia disease is a disorder that affects the nervous system, including a group of structures in the brain called the basal ganglia, which help control movement. (nih.gov)
Without early and lifelong vitamin treatment, people with biotin-thiamine-responsive basal ganglia disease experience a variety of neurological problems that gradually get worse. (nih.gov)
The signs and symptoms of biotin-thiamine-responsive basal ganglia disease usually begin between the ages of 3 and 10, but the disorder can appear at any age. (nih.gov)
Many of the neurological problems that can occur in biotin-thiamine-responsive basal ganglia disease affect movement, and can include involuntary tensing of various muscles (dystonia), muscle rigidity, muscle weakness on one or both sides of the body (hemiparesis or quadriparesis), problems coordinating movements (ataxia), and exaggerated reflexes (hyperreflexia). (nih.gov)
Biotin-thiamine-responsive basal ganglia disease is caused by mutations in the SLC19A3 gene. (nih.gov)
Biotin-thiamine-responsive basal ganglia disease (BTBGD) may present in childhood, early infancy, or adulthood. (nih.gov)

This study will evaluate the efficacy and safety of AKST4290 in subjects with Parkinson's Disease who are currently on stable dopaminergic treatment. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Movement Disorder Society's Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS), Part 3 Motor Examination has 33 scores based on 18 questions with several right, left, or both body distribution scores. (clinicaltrials.gov)
A class of drugs used to treat mild to moderate dementia in Parkinson's disease. (michaeljfox.org)
Aggregation of the protein alpha-synuclein is found in Lewy bodies, a pathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease. (michaeljfox.org)
A genetic mutation in this protein is the basis for a rare inherited form of Parkinson's disease. (michaeljfox.org)
A class of drugs often effective in reducing the tremor of Parkinson's disease. (michaeljfox.org)
Some studies have linked oxidative damage to Parkinson's disease. (michaeljfox.org)
A medicine used to treat Parkinson's disease. (michaeljfox.org)
A movement disorder sometimes confused with Parkinson's disease that manifests in low, repetitive, involuntary, writhing movements of the arms, legs, hands, and neck that are often especially severe in the fingers and hands. (michaeljfox.org)
Many of the symptoms of Parkinson's disease are brought on by loss of or damage to dopamine neurons in this region, which encompasses the striatum, the subthalamic nucleus, and the substantia nigra. (michaeljfox.org)
No validated biomarker of Parkinson's disease currently exists. (michaeljfox.org)
One of the cardinal clinical features of Parkinson's disease, the slowing down and loss of spontaneous and voluntary movement. (michaeljfox.org)
Pain and Parkinson's disease represent the most productive models to better understand the neurobiology of the placebo effect. (smw.ch)
and part of the basal ganglia circuitry in Parkinson's disease. (smw.ch)
Rigidity usually occurs in diseases such as Parkinson's disease that involve the basal ganglia, a deep region of the brain. (nih.gov)
Drugs that affect the dopamine system such as levodopa/carbidopa, or entacapone, are often used to treat the rigidity associated with Parkinson's disease because dopamine is a chemical in the brain that sends messages between nerve cells. (nih.gov)
Parkinson's disease patients off medications had more beta power than the essential tremor group but less neuronal modulation of beta power to the attended tones, suggesting that dopamine modulates thalamic beta oscillations for selective attention. (nature.com)
These results taken together implicate the ventral intermediate nucleus in non-motor cognitive functions, which has implications for the brain circuitry for attention and the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease. (nature.com)
Researchers working in the lab of Carnegie Mellon University neuroscientist Aryn Gittis have identified two groups of neurons that can be turned on and off to alleviate the movement-related symptoms of Parkinson's disease. (cmu.edu)
The study, completed in a mouse model of Parkinson's, used optogenetics to better understand the neural circuitry involved in Parkinson's disease, and could provide the basis for new experimental treatment protocols. (cmu.edu)
Parkinson's disease is caused when the dopamine neurons that feed into the brain's basal ganglia die and cause the basal ganglia to stop working, preventing the body from initiating voluntary movement. (cmu.edu)
The basal ganglia is the main clinical target for treating Parkinson's disease, but currently used therapies do not offer long-term solutions. (cmu.edu)
A major limitation of Parkinson's disease treatments is that they provide transient relief of symptoms. (cmu.edu)
The GPe is known to contribute to suppressing motor pathways in the basal ganglia, but little is known about the individual types of neurons present in the GPe, their role in Parkinson's disease or their therapeutic potential. (cmu.edu)
They targeted two cell types in a mouse model for Parkinson's disease: PV-GPe neurons and Lhx6-GPe neurons. (cmu.edu)
The research was funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) (NS090745-01, NS093944-01, NS076524), the National Science Foundation (DMS 1516288), the Brain & Behavior Research Foundation (formerly NARSAD), the Parkinson's Disease Foundation and the NIH Intramural Research Program. (cmu.edu)
This symposium topic came together as a result of the extraordinary work she has been doing with those managing Parkinson's Disease in her community, and the engaging discussions she has had with Ron over the past couple years. (posturalrestoration.com)
Her growing interest in Parkinson's Disease began around 2015 when her best friend was diagnosed. (posturalrestoration.com)
Based on the success of this cycling program, Jen has become a regional expert on Parkinson's Disease, where individuals have moved to her small coastal town of Oriental, North Carolina after their diagnosis. (posturalrestoration.com)
Parkinson's disease is characterized by bradykinesia, or slowing of motor movement, intention tremor and rigidity. (entandallergy.com)
The physical exam signs strongly suggestive of Parkinson's disease are tongue tremor, impaired pharyngeal peristalsis, or movement, and delayed opening of the cricopharyngeus muscle (13, 14) 91, 92). (entandallergy.com)
Parkinson's disease is primarily a disorder of the basal ganglia. (entandallergy.com)
Changes in subthalamic activity during movement observation in Parkinson's disease: is the mirror system mirrored in the basal ganglia? (google.es)
A host of neuropsychiatric disorders ranging from OCD to Parkinson's disease and dystonia are associated with basal ganglia dysfunction. (the-asci.org)
Dr. Calakos is the Lincoln Financial Group Distinguished Professor of Neurobiology and Chief of the Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorder division of Neurology at Duke University Medical Center. (the-asci.org)

By combining this method with genetically encoded fluorescent sensors, they were able to show that the two major projection pathways in the basal ganglia, which had been thought to have opposing effects on voluntary movement, were both activated during action initiation. (nih.gov)

To better understand how the neurons in the basal ganglia behave in Parkinson's, Gittis and colleagues looked at the inner circuitry of the basal ganglia. (cmu.edu)
Dr. Calakos' research program focuses on mechanisms of adaptive plasticity involving the striatal circuitry of the basal ganglia. (the-asci.org)

The purpose of this review is to summarize emerging evidence that the neurobehavioral features of Lesch-Nyhan disease (LND), a developmental disorder caused by congenital deficiency of the purine salvage enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT), may be attributable to dysfunction of the basal ganglia. (nih.gov)
Affected individuals have severe motor disability described by prominent extrapyramidal features that are characteristic of dysfunction of the motor circuits of the basal ganglia. (nih.gov)
These findings support the proposal that many of the neurobehavioral features of LND might be related to dysfunction of the basal ganglia. (nih.gov)
Guanine nucleotide depletion induces differentiation and aberrant neurite outgrowth in human dopaminergic neuroblastoma lines: a model for basal ganglia dysfunction in Lesch-Nyhan disease. (nih.gov)
9. Neurotrophin receptor p75(NTR) mediates Huntington's disease-associated synaptic and memory dysfunction. (nih.gov)
The first half of this presentation will review a variety of diseases involving basal ganglia dysfunction, examining both their common and uniquely different motor and non-motor manifestations, while exploring not only the current and experimental pharmacological, surgical and physical treatment techniques that are being employed to treat them, but also the underlying reasoning behind each of these interventions. (posturalrestoration.com)
Synergy as a new and sensitive marker of basal ganglia dysfunction: A study of asymptomatic welders. (nih.gov)
Multi-digit synergies, a recently developed, theory-based method to quantify stability of motor action, are shown to reflect basal ganglia dysfunction associated with parkinsonian syndromes. (nih.gov)
In this study, we tested the hypothesis that multi-digit synergies may capture early and subclinical basal ganglia dysfunction. (nih.gov)
Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale and Grooved Pegboard scores were used to gauge gross and fine motor dysfunction, respectively. (nih.gov)

The brain's basal ganglia circuitry influences a wide range of behaviors that involve the selection and execution of action plans. (the-asci.org)

Though neuropathologic studies of autopsy specimens have revealed no obvious neuroanatomical abnormalities in LND, neurochemical studies have demonstrated 60-90% reductions in the dopamine content of the basal ganglia. (nih.gov)
In addition, recent PET studies have documented significant reductions in dopamine transporters and [18F]fluorodopa uptake in the basal ganglia. (nih.gov)
Loss of nigrostriatal neurons leading to dopamine depletion in the dorsal striatum is the pathologic hallmark of Parkinson disease contributing to the primary motor symptoms of the disease. (snmjournals.org)
Two hundred sixteen patients with Parkinson disease and 204 control patients (patients without neurodegenerative parkinsonism syndromes and normal SPECT imaging) were investigated with SPECT using the dopamine/serotonin transporter ligand 123 I- N -ω-fluoropropyl-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl)nortropane ( 123 I-FP-CIT) in the clinical setting. (snmjournals.org)
Our findings show that Parkinson disease is associated not only with the degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopamine neurotransmission, but also with a parallel shift toward mesolimbic and mesocortical function. (snmjournals.org)
PD is primarily treated with medications that enhance the brain dopamine function, but not all symptoms of the disease respond favorably to the treatment. (snmjournals.org)

1. Fingolimod (FTY720) enhances hippocampal synaptic plasticity and memory in Huntington's disease by preventing p75NTR up-regulation and astrocyte-mediated inflammation. (nih.gov)
3. Prostaglandin E2 EP2 activation reduces memory decline in R6/1 mouse model of Huntington's disease by the induction of BDNF-dependent synaptic plasticity. (nih.gov)
4. Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide (PACAP) Enhances Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity and Improves Memory Performance in Huntington's Disease. (nih.gov)
11. Modulation of AMPA receptor surface diffusion restores hippocampal plasticity and memory in Huntington's disease models. (nih.gov)

This study aimed to investigate the mesencephalic striatal and extrastriatal dopaminergic projections together with extrastriatal serotonin transporter binding in Parkinson disease. (snmjournals.org)
In patients with Parkinson disease, the correlation of the midbrain tracer uptake was shifted from the putamen to widespread corticolimbic areas. (snmjournals.org)
Furthermore, Parkinson disease patients seem to have upregulation of brain serotonin transporter function at the early phase of the disease. (snmjournals.org)
Parkinson disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by the progressive accumulation of Lewy body inclusions beginning from the medulla and olfactory nuclei and gradually spreading through the midbrain to the neocortex ( 1 ). (snmjournals.org)

It is a rare degenerative neurological disorder characterized by extensive bilateral basal ganglia calcification that can lead to a range of extrapyramidal symptoms and neuropsychiatric manifestations. (bvsalud.org)

Muscle diseases are likely to cause swallowing disorders. (entandallergy.com)
Nicole Calakos, MD, PhD, is the recipient of the 2023 Stanley J. Korsmeyer Award from the American Society for Clinical Investigation (ASCI) for her contributions to understanding basal ganglia physiology and its involvement in diseases such as compulsive behavior and movement disorders. (the-asci.org)
Her work has helped to reveal fundamental mechanisms by which this brain region normally adapts to experience, such as in habit learning, and how brain diseases like compulsive behavior and movement disorders arise. (the-asci.org)

GeneReviews provides scientific information on genetic diseases, including diagnosis, treatment, and genetic counseling. (nih.gov)

3. Laboratory evaluations including clinical markers of disease activity, research samples for genetic studies, blood samples for cytokine/biomarker assessment, and gene expression profiling. (nih.gov)
Has clinical signs or symptoms not explained by any other disorder (eg, infections, malignancies) and are consistent with a possible IL-1 mediated autoinflammatory disease. (nih.gov)
Clinical characteristics strongly consistent with an IL-1 mediated autoinflammatory disease per the following criteria and at the discretion of the principal investigator (PI). (nih.gov)
Clinical research uses human volunteers to help researchers learn more about a disorder and perhaps find better ways to safely detect, treat, or prevent disease. (nih.gov)

We observed a parkinsonian variant of SCA3 in which parkinsonism was present in the beginning of the disease and responded well to levodopa therapy, leading to diagnostic confusion. (nih.gov)

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (cdc.gov)
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. (cdc.gov)
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. (cdc.gov)

This disease is caused by a change in the genetic material (DNA). (nih.gov)
What Is a Genetic Disease? (nih.gov)
Understanding what genes are and how changes in genes may affect the body can help you on the journey to diagnosis and treatment of a genetic disease. (nih.gov)
Idiopathic basal ganglia calcification (IBGC) is a genetic disorder of the nervous system commonly known as Fahr disease . (bvsalud.org)
IBGC patients with a genetic background are considered to have primary familial brain calcification (PFBC), also known as familial basal ganglia calcification (FBGC), or familial Fahr disease . (bvsalud.org)
Extrapyramidal motor signs were more frequent in genetic subtypes in which basal ganglia affection has been demonstrated by postmortem studies. (nih.gov)

This is now the message that I am trying to get across in both the prevention and treatment of Parkinson's, and so many other, syndromes or diseases. (posturalrestoration.com)

They found that by elevating the activity of PV-GPe neurons over the activity of the Lhx6-GPe neurons, they were able to stop aberrant neuronal behavior in the basal ganglia and restore movement in the mouse model for at least four hours - significantly longer than current treatments. (cmu.edu)

NIEHS research uses state-of-the-art science and technology to investigate the interplay between environmental exposures, human biology, genetics, and common diseases to help prevent disease and improve human health. (nih.gov)

With models, researchers can study the mechanisms of a disease and test therapies. (michaeljfox.org)
Researchers want to learn more about the causes and effects of these diseases. (nih.gov)

The activation of these cells in the basal ganglia relieves symptoms much longer than current therapies, like deep brain stimulation and pharmaceuticals. (cmu.edu)

Others propose that biotin transporter proteins may interact with thiamine transporters in such a way that biotin levels influence the course of the disease. (nih.gov)
Prompt administration of biotin and thiamine early in the disease course results in partial or complete improvement within days in the childhood and adult presentations, but most with the infantile presentation have had poor outcome even after supplementation with biotin and thiamine. (nih.gov)
Biotin (5-10 mg/kg/day) and thiamine (up to 40 mg/kg/day with a maximum of 1500 mg daily) are given orally as early in the disease course as possible and are continued lifelong. (nih.gov)
Prompt administration of biotin and thiamine early in the disease course. (nih.gov)

Preclinical studies have shown that AMT-130 lowers huntingtin protein and is associated with decreased progression of Huntington's Disease signs in animal models. (clinicaltrials.gov)
5. Selective reduction of striatal mature BDNF without induction of proBDNF in the zQ175 mouse model of Huntington's disease. (nih.gov)
6. p75NTR in Huntington's disease: beyond the basal ganglia. (nih.gov)
7. 7,8-dihydroxyflavone ameliorates cognitive and motor deficits in a Huntington's disease mouse model through specific activation of the PLCγ1 pathway. (nih.gov)
8. Imbalance of p75(NTR)/TrkB protein expression in Huntington's disease: implication for neuroprotective therapies. (nih.gov)
10. Reduced expression of the TrkB receptor in Huntington's disease mouse models and in human brain. (nih.gov)
13. A critical role of astrocyte-mediated nuclear factor-κB-dependent inflammation in Huntington's disease. (nih.gov)
14. A small molecule TrkB ligand reduces motor impairment and neuropathology in R6/2 and BACHD mouse models of Huntington's disease. (nih.gov)
17. Direct Visualisation of Abnormal Dendritic Spine Morphology in the Hippocampus of the R6/2 Transgenic Mouse Model of Huntington's Disease. (nih.gov)

However, novel therapies have been studied as potential disease-modifying agents. (medscape.com)

Emphasis will be placed on assessing how each technique addresses the temporal, lateralization and pressure regulatory deficits seen in people who have been diagnosed with Basal Ganglia Diseases (in order to unlock, through oscillatory function, the axial skeletal system from the appendicular skeletal system in an attempt to better balance the autonomic nervous system with the central nervous system). (posturalrestoration.com)

It means that a person with a Basal Ganglia disease, such as Parkinson's, does not know how to navigate through space since such movement is inextricably linked to time, not only for understanding when to move but also at what speed (since speed is distance per unit of time) but also for knowing where they are ("five minutes from home") and how to integrate all their moving parts. (posturalrestoration.com)

They build public awareness of the disease and are a driving force behind research to improve patients' lives. (nih.gov)
The 2013 Demystifying Medicine Series, which is jointly sponsored by FAES and NIH, will begin January 8th and includes the presentation of patients, pathology, diagnosis and therapy in the context of major disease problems and current research. (nih.gov)
Patients with high refractive error, macular disease, or hand tremor may not improve their vision with the pinhole. (medscape.com)

Using medical imaging, generalized swelling as well as specific areas of damage (lesions) in the brain can often be seen, including in the basal ganglia. (nih.gov)

Some diseases cause chronic inflammation with intermittent flares in the body. (nih.gov)
It is a chronic, progressive disease with dysphagia very common with the oral and pharyngeal stages of swallowing altered (12) 90). (entandallergy.com)

Primarily directed toward Ph.D. students, clinicians and program managers, the course is designed to help bridge the gap between advances in biology and their application to major human diseases. (nih.gov)

It is important to realise that there is not a single placebo effect but many, which occur through different mechanisms in different conditions, systems and diseases [1-4]. (smw.ch)

Specific, measurable physical traits used to determine or indicate the effects or progress of a disease or condition. (michaeljfox.org)

Based on the patient 's family history , symmetrical calcification foci in the bilateral caudate nucleus head , thalamus , cerebellum and parietal lobe indicated by head CT, and gene test results, the diagnosis of familial Fahr disease caused by mutations in the SLC20A2 gene , c.1097delG p.G366fs*89) was confirmed. (bvsalud.org)

The research states that the Basal Ganglia is involved in the perception of time, but what does that clinically mean? (posturalrestoration.com)

2. Imaging studies to characterize organ involvement of the inflammatory disease including: X-rays, CT scans, special MRIs, and bone scans. (nih.gov)

This trial consists of a blinded 12-month (Cohort 1 & 2) and 12-month (Cohort 3A & 3B) Core Study Period to evaluate the safety and potential impact of AMT-130 on disease progression and an unblinded 4-year Long-Term Period with periodic follow-up visits to evaluate the safety of AMT-130 and disease progression in treated individuals. (clinicaltrials.gov)
All types of volunteers are needed- those who are healthy or may have an illness or disease- of all different ages, sexes, races, and ethnicities to ensure that study results apply to as many people as possible, and that treatments will be safe and effective for everyone who will use them. (nih.gov)

RareSource offers rare disease gene variant annotations and links to rare disease gene literature. (nih.gov)
Here we report a case of familial basal ganglia calcification caused by a frameshift mutation in the SLC20A2 gene . (bvsalud.org)
AMT-130 is an investigational, single administration gene therapy intended to modify the disease course for HD. (clinicaltrials.gov)

They also display disturbances of ocular motility, cognition, and behavioral control that may reflect disruption of other circuits of the basal ganglia. (nih.gov)

Questions about rare diseases? (nih.gov)
Many rare diseases have limited information. (nih.gov)

Anatomy1

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs2

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment2

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes1

Health Care1

The use of atypical antipsychotics in the management of schizophrenia. (1/321)

Bilateral basal ganglial necrosis after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in a child with Kostmann syndrome. (2/321)

Non-typhoid Salmonella meningitis complicated by a infarction of basal ganglia. (3/321)

Identification of a locus on chromosome 14q for idiopathic basal ganglia calcification (Fahr disease). (4/321)

Dyspraxia in a patient with corticobasal degeneration: the role of visual and tactile inputs to action. (5/321)

Progressive frontal gait disturbance with atypical Alzheimer's disease and corticobasal degeneration. (6/321)

Extrapyramidal type rigidity in rheumatoid arthritis. (7/321)

Enhanced association of mutant triosephosphate isomerase to red cell membranes and to brain microtubules. (8/321)

Basal Ganglia Diseases

Basal Ganglia

Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome

Sensitivity and Specificity

Prions

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Kuru

PrPSc Proteins

Encephalopathy, Bovine Spongiform

The use of atypical antipsychotics in the management of schizophrenia. (1/321)

Bilateral basal ganglial necrosis after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in a child with Kostmann syndrome. (2/321)

Non-typhoid Salmonella meningitis complicated by a infarction of basal ganglia. (3/321)

Identification of a locus on chromosome 14q for idiopathic basal ganglia calcification (Fahr disease). (4/321)

Dyspraxia in a patient with corticobasal degeneration: the role of visual and tactile inputs to action. (5/321)

Progressive frontal gait disturbance with atypical Alzheimer's disease and corticobasal degeneration. (6/321)

Extrapyramidal type rigidity in rheumatoid arthritis. (7/321)

Enhanced association of mutant triosephosphate isomerase to red cell membranes and to brain microtubules. (8/321)

Basal ganglia disease

Biotin-thiamine-responsive basal ganglia disease

Cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loop

Transketolase

Hyperkinesia

Lisa Gunaydin

Athymhormic syndrome

Derek Denny-Brown

Athymhormia

Caudate nucleus

Movement disorder

Thiamine transporter 2

Hemiballismus

John Walsh (American scientist)

Accent perception

2001 in science

Adenosine A2A receptor

Major facilitator superfamily

Huntington's disease

Manganism

Nutritional neuroscience

Subcortical dementia

Ferritin light chain

Corticobasal degeneration

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3

Neural circuit

Single-unit recording

Motor skill consolidation

Primate basal ganglia

Leigh syndrome

Multiple system atrophy

Sodium azide

CADASIL

Spinal cord

Histamine H3 receptor

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy

Dementia with Lewy bodies

Brain

Visual selective attention in dementia

NUMB (gene)

Glutamate-rich protein 3

GABA transporter type 1

René Kahn

Intraparenchymal hemorrhage

Spasmodic dysphonia

Nucleus basalis

Hippocampus

Circadian rhythm

Spasmodic torticollis

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis

Gourmand syndrome

Erminio Costa

Adrenal medulla

Visual object recognition (animal test)

Ioflupane (123I)

Lissencephaly

Karak syndrome

Streptococcus

Biotin-thiamine-responsive basal ganglia disease: MedlinePlus Genetics

Browsing by Subject "Basal Ganglia Diseases"

SLC20A2-Associated Idiopathic basal ganglia calcification (Fahr disease): a case family report. | BMC Neurol;22(1): 438, 2022...

Lobar vs thalamic and basal ganglion hemorrhage: clinical and radiographic features

Safety and Proof-of-Concept (POC) Study With AMT-130 in Adults With Early Manifest Huntington's Disease - Full Text View -...