Bartonella Infections
Bartonella
Bartonella henselae
Bartonella quintana
Angiomatosis, Bacillary
Cat-Scratch Disease
Trench Fever
Cat Diseases
Disease Reservoirs
Bartonella bacilliformis
Cats
Bartonella koehlerae sp. nov., isolated from cats. (1/269)
Two of the 25 Bartonella isolates recovered during a prevalence study of Bartonella henselae bacteremia in domestic cats from the greater San Francisco Bay region were found to differ phenotypically and genotypically from all prior B. henselae isolates. These isolates, C-29 and C-30, which were recovered from the blood of two pet cats belonging to the same household, grew on chocolate agar as pinpoint colonies following 14 days of incubation at 35 degrees C in a candle jar but failed to grow on heart infusion agar supplemented with 5% rabbit blood. Additional phenotypic characteristics distinguished the isolates C-29 and C-30 from other feline B. henselae isolates. The restriction patterns obtained for C-29 and C-30 by citrate synthase PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis as well as by genomic RFLP could not be distinguished from each other but were distinctly different from that of the B. henselae type strain. In reciprocal reactions, DNAs from strains C-29 and C-30 were 97 to 100% related under optimal and stringent DNA reassociation conditions, with 0 to 0.5% divergence within related sequences. Labeled DNA from the type strain of B. henselae was 61 to 65% related to unlabeled DNAs from strains C-29 and C-30 in 55 degrees C reactions, with 5.0 to 5.5% divergence within the related sequences, and 31 to 41% related in stringent, 70 degrees C reactions. In reciprocal reactions, labeled DNAs from strains C-29 and C-30 were 68 to 92% related to those of the B. henselae type strain and other B. henselae strains, with 5 to 7% divergence. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain C-29 was 99.54% homologous to that of the type strain of B. henselae. On the basis of these findings, the two isolates C-29 and C-30 are designated a new species of Bartonella, for which we propose the name Bartonella koehlerae. The type strain of Bartonella koehlerae is strain C-29 (ATCC 700693). (+info)Clinical and pathologic evaluation of chronic Bartonella henselae or Bartonella clarridgeiae infection in cats. (2/269)
Human Bartonella infections result in diverse medical presentations, whereas many cats appear to tolerate chronic bacteremia without obvious clinical abnormalities. Eighteen specific-pathogen-free cats were inoculated with Bartonella henselae- and/or Bartonella clarridgeiae-infected cat blood and monitored for 454 days. Relapsing bacteremia did not correlate with changes in protein profiles or differences in antigenic protein recognition. Intradermal skin testing did not induce a delayed type hypersensitivity reaction to cat scratch disease skin test antigen. Thirteen cats were euthanatized at the end of the study. Despite persistent infection, clinical signs were minimal and gross necropsy results were unremarkable. Histopathology revealed peripheral lymph node hyperplasia (in all of the 13 cats), splenic follicular hyperplasia (in 9 cats), lymphocytic cholangitis/pericholangitis (in 9 cats), lymphocytic hepatitis (in 6 cats), lymphoplasmacytic myocarditis (in 8 cats), and interstitial lymphocytic nephritis (in 4 cats). Structures suggestive of Bartonella were visualized in some Warthin-Starry stained sections, and Bartonella DNA was amplified from the lymph node (from 6 of the 13 cats), liver (from 11 cats) heart (from 8 cats), kidney (from 9 cats), lung (from 2 cats), and brain (from 9 cats). This study indicates that B. henselae or B. clarridgeiae can induce chronic infection following blood transfusion in specific-pathogen-free cats and that Bartonella DNA can be detected in blood, brain, lymph node, myocardium, liver, and kidney tissues of both blood culture-positive cats and blood culture-negative cats. Detection of histologic changes in these cats supports a potential etiologic role for Bartonella species in several idiopathic disease processes in cats. (+info)Survey of Bartonella species infecting intradomicillary animals in the Huayllacallan Valley, Ancash, Peru, a region endemic for human bartonellosis. (3/269)
The natural cycle of Bartonella bacilliformis remains uncertain, and the suspected existence of animal reservoirs for the bacterium has never been convincingly demonstrated. We conducted a survey of Bartonella species infecting intradomicillary animals in a bartonellosis-endemic region of Peru, obtaining blood from 50 animals living in the homes of 11 families whose children had recently had bartonellosis. Bartonella-like bacteria were recovered from four of nine small rodents included in the study, but from none of the 41 domesticated animals. Identification and comparison of these isolates, and two Bartonella-like isolates obtained from Phyllotis mice in a different endemic region of Peru using serologic and genotypic methods indicated that although none were strains of B. bacilliformis, five were probably representatives of three previously unrecognized Bartonella species and one was a likely strain of the pathogenic species B. elizabethae. (+info)Bartonella henselae and Bartonella clarridgeiae infection in domestic cats from The Philippines. (4/269)
One hundred seven domestic cats from The Philippines were serologically tested to establish the prevalence of Bartonella infection. A subset of 31 of these cats also had whole blood collected to tentatively isolate Bartonella strains. Bartonella henselae and B. clarridgeiae were isolated from 19 (61%) of these cats. Bartonella henselae type I was isolated from 17 (89%) of the 19 culture-positive cats. Six cats (31%) were infected with B. clarridgeiae, of which four were coinfected with B. henselae. Sixty-eight percent (73 of 107) and 65% (70 of 107) of the cats had antibodies to B. henselae and B. clarridgeiae, respectively, detected by an immunofluorescence antibody (IFA) test at a titer > or = 1:64. When tested by enzyme immunoassay (EIA), 67 cats (62.6%) had antibodies to B. henselae and 71 cats (66.4%) had antibodies to B. clarridgeiae. Compared with the IFA test, the B. henselae EIA had a sensitivity of 90.4% and a specificity of 97%, with positive and negative predictive values of 98.5% and 82.5%, respectively. Similarly, the B. clarridgeiae EIA had a sensitivity of 97% and a specificity of 92% specificity, with positive and negative predictive values of 95.8% and 94.4%, respectively. The presence of antibodies to Bartonella was strongly associated with flea infestation. Domestic cats represent a large reservoir of Bartonella infection in the Philippines. (+info)Rats of the genus Rattus are reservoir hosts for pathogenic Bartonella species: an Old World origin for a New World disease? (5/269)
Bartonella species were isolated from the blood of 63 of 325 Rattus norvegicus and 11 of 92 Rattus rattus from 13 sites in the United States and Portugal. Infection in both Rattus species ranged from 0% (e.g., 0/87) to approximately 60% (e.g., 35/62). A 337-bp fragment of the citrate synthase (gltA) gene amplified by polymerase chain reaction was sequenced from all 74 isolates. Isolates from R. norvegicus were most similar to Bartonella elizabethae, isolated previously from a patient with endocarditis (93%-100% sequence similarity), followed by Bartonella grahamii and other Bartonella species isolated from Old World rodents (Clethrionomys species, Mus musculus, and Rattus species). These data suggest that Rattus species are a reservoir host for pathogenic Bartonella species and are consistent with a hypothesized Old World origin for Bartonella species recovered from Rattus species introduced into the Americas. (+info)Isolation of a new subspecies, Bartonella vinsonii subsp. arupensis, from a cattle rancher: identity with isolates found in conjunction with Borrelia burgdorferi and Babesia microti among naturally infected mice. (6/269)
Bacteremia with fever due to a novel subspecies of Bartonella vinsonii was found in a cattle rancher. The subspecies shared major characteristics of the genus Bartonella in terms of most biochemical features and cellular fatty acid profile, but it was distinguishable from other subspecies of B. vinsonii by good growth on heart infusion agar supplemented with X factor and by its pattern of enzymatic hydrolysis of peptide substrates. DNA relatedness studies verified that the isolate belonged to the genus Bartonella and that it was genotypically related to B. vinsonii. The highest level of relatedness was observed with recently characterized strains from naturally infected mice that were coinfected with Borrelia burgdorferi and Babesia microti. We propose the name Bartonella vinsonii subsp. arupensis subsp. nov. as the new subspecies to accommodate these human and murine isolates. (+info)An outbreak of acute bartonellosis (Oroya fever) in the Urubamba region of Peru, 1998. (7/269)
During May 1998, we conducted a case-control study of 357 participants from 60 households during an outbreak of acute bartonellosis in the Urubamba Valley, Peru, a region not previously considered endemic for this disease. Blood and insect specimens were collected and environmental assessments were done. Case-patients (n = 22) were defined by fever, anemia, and intra-erythrocytic coccobacilli seen in thin smears. Most case-patients were children (median age = 6.5 years). Case-patients more frequently reported sand fly bites than individuals of neighboring households (odds ratio [OR] = 5.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.2-39.2), or members from randomly selected households > or = 5 km away (OR = 8.5, 95% CI = 1.7-57.9). Bartonella bacilliformis isolated from blood was confirmed by nucleotide sequencing (citrate synthase [g/tA], 338 basepairs). Using bacterial isolation (n = 141) as the standard, sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value of thin smears were 36%, 96%, and 44%, respectively. Patients with clinical syndromes compatible with bartonellosis should be treated with appropriate antibiotics regardless of thin-smear results. (+info)Seroprevalence of Bartonella henselae in cats in Germany. (8/269)
Bartonella henselae and B. quintana infections in man are associated with various clinical manifestations including cat-scratch disease, bacillary angiomatosis and bacteraemia. While cats are the natural reservoir for B. henselae, the source of B. quintana is unclear. In this study, the sera of 713 cats from Germany were examined for the presence of antibodies against B. henselae, B. quintana or Afipia felis by an indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Bartonella-specific antibody titres of > or =50 were found in 15.0% of the cats. There was substantial cross-reactivity among the various Bartonella antigens, although single sera showed high titres against B. henselae but not against B. quintana and vice versa. Antibodies against A. felis were not detected in any of these cats. Statistical analysis indicated that there is no correlation between Bartonella infections and the sex, age or breed of the cat or its hunting behavior. There was also no correlation between bartonella and toxoplasma infections in cats. However, whereas 16.8% of cats from northern Germany had B. quintana-specific antibodies, only 8.0% of cats from southern Germany were seropositive for B. quintana. No statistically significant difference was found for B. henselae. IFA-positive and IFA-negative sera were used for immunoblot analysis including B. henselae and B. quintana. Marked reactivity was observed with protein bands at 80, 76, 73, 65, 37, 33 and 15 kDa. The results of this study suggest that B. henselae, and possibly a B. quintana-related pathogen, but not A. felis, are common in cats in Germany, and that there are differences in the geographic distribution of bartonella infections in cats. (+info)Bartonella infections are a group of diseases caused by bacteria belonging to the Bartonella genus. These gram-negative bacteria can infect humans and animals, causing various symptoms depending on the specific Bartonella species involved. Some common Bartonella infections include:
1. Cat scratch disease (Bartonella henselae): This is the most common Bartonella infection, usually transmitted through contact with a cat's scratch or saliva. The primary symptom is a tender, swollen lymph node near the site of the scratch. Other symptoms may include fever, fatigue, and headache.
2. Trench fever (Bartonella quintana): This infection was first identified during World War I among soldiers living in trenches, hence its name. It is primarily transmitted through the feces of body lice. Symptoms include fever, severe headaches, muscle pain, and a rash.
3. Carrion's disease (Bartonella bacilliformis): This infection is endemic to South America, particularly in the Andean regions of Peru, Ecuador, and Colombia. It is transmitted through the bite of sandflies. The acute phase of the disease, known as Oroya fever, is characterized by high fever, severe anemia, and potentially life-threatening complications. The chronic phase, known as verruga peruana, presents with skin lesions resembling warts or boils.
Diagnosis of Bartonella infections typically involves blood tests to detect antibodies against the bacteria or direct detection of the bacterial DNA using PCR techniques. Treatment usually consists of antibiotics such as azithromycin, doxycycline, or rifampin, depending on the specific infection and severity of symptoms.
"Bartonella" is a genus of gram-negative bacteria that are facultative intracellular pathogens, meaning they can live and multiply inside host cells. They are the cause of several emerging infectious diseases in humans and animals. Some species of Bartonella are associated with clinical syndromes such as cat scratch disease, trench fever, and Carrion's disease. The bacteria are transmitted to humans through the bites or feces of insect vectors (such as fleas, lice, and sandflies) or through contact with infected animals. Once inside the host, Bartonella can evade the immune system and cause chronic infection, which can lead to a variety of clinical manifestations, including fever, fatigue, lymphadenopathy, endocarditis, and neurological symptoms.
The medical definition of 'Bartonella' is: A genus of fastidious, gram-negative bacteria that are facultative intracellular pathogens. Bartonella species are the cause of several emerging infectious diseases in humans and animals. The bacteria are transmitted to humans through the bites or feces of insect vectors (such as fleas, lice, and sandflies) or through contact with infected animals. Bartonella species can evade the immune system and cause chronic infection, leading to a variety of clinical manifestations, including fever, fatigue, lymphadenopathy, endocarditis, and neurological symptoms.
'Bartonella henselae' is a gram-negative bacterium that is the primary cause of cat scratch disease (CSD) in humans. The bacteria are transmitted through the scratch or bite of an infected cat, or more rarely, through contact with cat saliva on a wound or mucous membrane.
Infected individuals may experience mild to severe symptoms, including fever, headache, fatigue, and lymph node swelling near the site of infection. In some cases, the bacteria can spread to other parts of the body, causing more serious complications such as endocarditis (inflammation of the inner lining of the heart), encephalopathy (brain damage), or neurological symptoms.
Diagnosis of Bartonella henselae infection typically involves a combination of clinical symptoms, serological testing, and sometimes molecular methods such as PCR. Treatment usually consists of antibiotics, with doxycycline being the first-line therapy for adults and macrolides for children. In severe cases, intravenous antibiotics may be necessary.
Preventive measures include avoiding contact with cats' claws and saliva, particularly if you have a weakened immune system, and practicing good hygiene after handling cats or their litter boxes.
Bartonella quintana is a gram-negative, aerobic bacillus that is the causative agent of trench fever, a disease first described during World War I. The bacterium is primarily transmitted to humans through the feces of body lice, and it can also cause endocarditis and other systemic infections.
The name "quintana" refers to the characteristic fever pattern of the disease, which features recurring episodes every fifth day. Other symptoms of trench fever include headache, muscle pain, and a rash. The disease is typically treated with antibiotics, such as doxycycline or azithromycin.
Bartonella quintana is also known to cause cat scratch disease in immunocompromised individuals. It can be transmitted through the scratches or bites of cats infected with the bacterium. The symptoms of cat scratch disease include fever, swollen lymph nodes, and fatigue.
Overall, Bartonella quintana is a significant public health concern, particularly in populations with poor hygiene and crowded living conditions, such as homeless individuals and refugees.
Bacillary angiomatosis is a medical condition caused by infection with the bacteria Bartonella henselae or Bartonella quintana. It is characterized by the growth of blood vessel tissue in various parts of the body, leading to the formation of lesions or tumors. These lesions can appear as red papules or nodules on the skin, and can also affect internal organs such as the liver, spleen, and lymph nodes.
The condition is typically seen in individuals with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS, and can be treated with antibiotics. It is important to note that bacillary angiomatosis should not be confused with other forms of angiomatosis or vascular tumors, which have different causes and treatments.
Cat-scratch disease (CSD) is a bacterial infection caused by Bartonella henselae. It is typically transmitted through contact with a cat, especially when the animal scratches or bites a person and then introduces the bacteria into the wound. The incubation period for CSD is usually 7-14 days after exposure.
The most common symptoms of CSD include:
* A small, raised bump (called a papule) that develops at the site of the scratch or bite within a few days of being scratched or bitten by a cat. This bump may be tender and can sometimes form a crust or pustule.
* Swollen lymph nodes (also called lymphadenopathy) near the site of the infection, which usually develop 1-2 weeks after the initial scratch or bite. These swollen lymph nodes are often painful and may be warm to the touch.
* Fatigue, fever, headache, and muscle aches are also common symptoms of CSD.
In most cases, cat-scratch disease is a mild illness that resolves on its own within a few weeks or months. However, in some cases, it can cause more severe complications, such as infection of the heart valves (endocarditis), inflammation of the brain (encephalitis), or damage to the eyes (retinitis).
Treatment for cat-scratch disease typically involves supportive care, such as pain relief and anti-inflammatory medications. Antibiotics may be prescribed in some cases, particularly if the infection is severe or if the patient has a weakened immune system. Preventive measures include washing hands after handling cats, avoiding rough play with cats, and promptly treating cat bites and scratches.
Trench fever is a historical medical condition that primarily affected soldiers during World War I. It is caused by Bartonella quintana, a type of bacterium that is transmitted through the feces of body lice. The name "trench fever" comes from the fact that it was common among soldiers living in trenches, where poor hygiene and crowded conditions facilitated the spread of the disease.
Symptoms of trench fever include sudden onset of fever, severe headache, muscle pain, and a rash. The fever typically lasts for about five days and then recurs every four to six days, which is why it was also known as "five-day fever" or "recrudescence fever." Other symptoms can include fatigue, anemia, and swelling of the spleen and liver.
Trench fever is treated with antibiotics such as doxycycline or azithromycin. Prevention measures include good personal hygiene, such as regular bathing and changing clothes, as well as environmental controls to reduce louse populations, such as delousing stations and insecticides.
While trench fever is no longer a major public health concern, it remains an important historical medical condition that highlights the importance of hygiene and infection control in military settings.
There are many diseases that can affect cats, and the specific medical definitions for these conditions can be quite detailed and complex. However, here are some common categories of feline diseases and examples of each:
1. Infectious diseases: These are caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, or parasites. Examples include:
* Feline panleukopenia virus (FPV), also known as feline parvovirus, which can cause severe gastrointestinal symptoms and death in kittens.
* Feline calicivirus (FCV), which can cause upper respiratory symptoms such as sneezing and nasal discharge.
* Feline leukemia virus (FeLV), which can suppress the immune system and lead to a variety of secondary infections and diseases.
* Bacterial infections, such as those caused by Pasteurella multocida or Bartonella henselae, which can cause abscesses or other symptoms.
2. Neoplastic diseases: These are cancerous conditions that can affect various organs and tissues in cats. Examples include:
* Lymphoma, which is a common type of cancer in cats that can affect the lymph nodes, spleen, liver, and other organs.
* Fibrosarcoma, which is a type of soft tissue cancer that can arise from fibrous connective tissue.
* Squamous cell carcinoma, which is a type of skin cancer that can be caused by exposure to sunlight or tobacco smoke.
3. Degenerative diseases: These are conditions that result from the normal wear and tear of aging or other factors. Examples include:
* Osteoarthritis, which is a degenerative joint disease that can cause pain and stiffness in older cats.
* Dental disease, which is a common condition in cats that can lead to tooth loss, gum inflammation, and other problems.
* Heart disease, such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), which is a thickening of the heart muscle that can lead to congestive heart failure.
4. Hereditary diseases: These are conditions that are inherited from a cat's parents and are present at birth or develop early in life. Examples include:
* Polycystic kidney disease (PKD), which is a genetic disorder that causes cysts to form in the kidneys and can lead to kidney failure.
* Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), which can be inherited as an autosomal dominant trait in some cats.
* Progressive retinal atrophy (PRA), which is a group of genetic disorders that cause degeneration of the retina and can lead to blindness.
A disease reservoir refers to a population or group of living organisms, including humans, animals, and even plants, that can naturally carry and transmit a particular pathogen (disease-causing agent) without necessarily showing symptoms of the disease themselves. These hosts serve as a source of infection for other susceptible individuals, allowing the pathogen to persist and circulate within a community or environment.
Disease reservoirs can be further classified into:
1. **Primary (or Main) Reservoir**: This refers to the species that primarily harbors and transmits the pathogen, contributing significantly to its natural ecology and maintaining its transmission cycle. For example, mosquitoes are the primary reservoirs for many arboviruses like dengue, Zika, and chikungunya viruses.
2. **Amplifying Hosts**: These hosts can become infected with the pathogen and experience a high rate of replication, leading to an increased concentration of the pathogen in their bodies. This allows for efficient transmission to other susceptible hosts or vectors. For instance, birds are amplifying hosts for West Nile virus, as they can become viremic (have high levels of virus in their blood) and infect feeding mosquitoes that then transmit the virus to other animals and humans.
3. **Dead-end Hosts**: These hosts may become infected with the pathogen but do not contribute significantly to its transmission cycle, as they either do not develop sufficient quantities of the pathogen to transmit it or do not come into contact with potential vectors or susceptible hosts. For example, humans are dead-end hosts for many zoonotic diseases like rabies, as they cannot transmit the virus to other humans.
Understanding disease reservoirs is crucial in developing effective strategies for controlling and preventing infectious diseases, as it helps identify key species and environments that contribute to their persistence and transmission.
'Bartonella bacilliformis' is a type of bacterium that causes a rare and severe infectious disease known as Carrion's disease, which is prevalent in certain regions of South America, particularly in Peru, Ecuador, and Colombia. The bacteria are transmitted to humans through the bite of infected sandflies.
Carrion's disease has two distinct clinical phases: the acute phase, also known as Oroya fever, which is characterized by fever, severe anemia, and systemic infection; and the chronic phase, called verruga peruana, which presents with skin lesions or wart-like bumps that can ulcerate and bleed.
Early diagnosis and treatment of Carrion's disease are crucial to prevent complications and reduce mortality rates. Antibiotics such as chloramphenicol, azithromycin, and gentamicin are commonly used for the treatment of this condition. Preventive measures include using insect repellent, wearing protective clothing, and avoiding sandfly-infested areas during peak activity times.
"Cat" is a common name that refers to various species of small carnivorous mammals that belong to the family Felidae. The domestic cat, also known as Felis catus or Felis silvestris catus, is a popular pet and companion animal. It is a subspecies of the wildcat, which is found in Europe, Africa, and Asia.
Domestic cats are often kept as pets because of their companionship, playful behavior, and ability to hunt vermin. They are also valued for their ability to provide emotional support and therapy to people. Cats are obligate carnivores, which means that they require a diet that consists mainly of meat to meet their nutritional needs.
Cats are known for their agility, sharp senses, and predatory instincts. They have retractable claws, which they use for hunting and self-defense. Cats also have a keen sense of smell, hearing, and vision, which allow them to detect prey and navigate their environment.
In medical terms, cats can be hosts to various parasites and diseases that can affect humans and other animals. Some common feline diseases include rabies, feline leukemia virus (FeLV), feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), and toxoplasmosis. It is important for cat owners to keep their pets healthy and up-to-date on vaccinations and preventative treatments to protect both the cats and their human companions.
Bacterial antibodies are a type of antibodies produced by the immune system in response to an infection caused by bacteria. These antibodies are proteins that recognize and bind to specific antigens on the surface of the bacterial cells, marking them for destruction by other immune cells. Bacterial antibodies can be classified into several types based on their structure and function, including IgG, IgM, IgA, and IgE. They play a crucial role in the body's defense against bacterial infections and provide immunity to future infections with the same bacteria.
Siphonaptera is the scientific order that includes fleas. Fleas are small, wingless insects with laterally compressed bodies and strong legs adapted for jumping. They are external parasites, living by hematophagy off the blood of mammals and birds. Fleas can be a nuisance to their hosts, and some people and animals have allergic reactions to flea saliva. Fleas can also transmit diseases, such as bubonic plague and murine typhus, and parasites like tapeworms.
Bartonellaceae is a family of gram-negative bacteria that includes several species known to cause human diseases. The most well-known member of this family is Bartonella henselae, which causes cat scratch disease, as well as other illnesses such as trench fever (caused by Bartonella quintana) and Carrion's disease (caused by Bartonella bacilliformis).
Bartonella species are facultative intracellular pathogens that can infect a variety of cells, including erythrocytes, endothelial cells, and immune cells. They are transmitted to humans through the bites or feces of arthropod vectors such as fleas, lice, and sandflies, or through contact with infected animals such as cats.
The clinical manifestations of Bartonella infections can vary widely depending on the specific species involved and the immune status of the host. In addition to cat scratch disease and trench fever, Bartonella infections have been linked to a variety of other symptoms and conditions, including endocarditis, encephalopathy, and chronic fatigue syndrome.
Diagnosis of Bartonella infections can be challenging due to the nonspecific nature of many of the symptoms and the difficulty of culturing the bacteria from clinical samples. Molecular methods such as PCR and serological tests are often used to confirm the diagnosis. Treatment typically involves antibiotics, with the choice of drug depending on the specific Bartonella species involved and the severity of the infection.
Species20
- Almost 20 species belong to the genus Bartonella . (medscape.com)
- [ 1 ] Three Bartonella species are currently considered important causes of human disease, but other significant human pathogens in this genus were found to causes disease in humans occasionally. (medscape.com)
- [ 6 ] Numerous other Bartonella species that can potentially cause human disease have been discovered in ticks. (medscape.com)
- The transmission of Bartonella species occurs by traumatic contact with infected animals or by vectors like cat fleas or other blood-sucking arthropods (eg, sand fly, Phlebotomus for B bacilliformis ). (medscape.com)
- Erythrocytes may serve as a reservoir for Bartonella species. (medscape.com)
- however, cross-reactivity with other Bartonella species (e.g. (cdc.gov)
- The most commonly known Bartonella -related illness is cat scratch disease, caused by B. henselae , a species of Bartonella that can be carried in a cat's blood for months to years. (ncsu.edu)
- Bacterial DNA was found in 41 percent of patient samples, allowing investigators to narrow the species of Bartonella present, with B. henselae , B. kohlerae and B. vinsonii subsp. (ncsu.edu)
- Bartonella species are gram-negative bacteria previously classified as Rickettsiae. (msdmanuals.com)
- Bartonella species are emerging infectious organisms transmitted by arthropods capable of causing long-lasting infection in mammalian hosts. (edu.pe)
- The objective of this study was to determine the serological and/or molecular prevalence of Bartonella species in asymptomatic dogs in Peru in order to indirectly evaluate the potential for human exposure to zoonotic Bartonella species. (edu.pe)
- This study identifies for the first time a population of dogs exposed to or infected with zoonotic Bartonella species, suggesting that domestic dogs may be the natural reservoir of these zoonotic organisms. (edu.pe)
- [ 1 ] Pediatric bacterial brain abscesses, epidural empyemas, and subdural empyemas, rare complications of respiratory infections and sinusitis, are often caused by Streptococcus species but might also be polymicrobial or caused by other genera, such as Staphylococcus . (medscape.com)
- Central nervous system involvement is an uncommon but treatable complication of infection with Bartonella species, which can present in adults. (bmj.com)
- Comparison of partial citrate synthase gene ( gltA ) sequences for phylogenetic analysis of Bartonella species. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- Presence of DNA of yet uncultured and undescribed species of Bartonella in eye liquid indicates past infection with this pathogen. (medscimonit.com)
- Not only it is important in using products like Easy Spot to prevent flea bite anemia in cats, and unsightly tapeworms, but in recent years, fleas have been shown to carry an increasing number of serious diseases and infections, including Bartonella species, amongst others. (1800petmeds.com)
- In many respects, the immunopathogenic consequences of tick-borne infections, such as anaplasmosis and ehrlichiosis, are nearly identical among infected animal species and human patients. (vin.com)
- Co-infection with multiple Ehrlichia species or Ehrlichia and Anaplasma spp. (vin.com)
- infections, including uncommon and undescribed species, and might be particularly useful for patients who have culture-negative endocarditis or lymphadenitis. (cdc.gov)
Pathogens7
- Bartonellosis comprises infections caused by pathogens in the genus Bartonella . (medscape.com)
- Gram-positive organisms, for example, Streptococcus pyogenes and S. aureus , historically were major causes of morbidity and mortality following penetrating trauma in the pre-antibiotic era and remain initial pathogens for many infection types. (medscape.com)
- Serological survey in persons occupationally exposed to tick-borne pathogens in cases of co-infections with Borrelia burgdorferi, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Bartonella spp. (aaem.pl)
- She explains Lyme, as well as the pathogens causing Babesiosis, Erlichiosis and Bartonella. (flashlightworthybooks.com)
- Current grants explore better methods to detect tick-borne diseases and recognize new pathogens, plus improve our understanding of how ticks locate dog hosts and how the canine immune system responds to tick-borne infections. (akcchf.org)
- This incident highlighted the risk of exposure to exotic zoonotic pathogens and the need for infection control precautions in veterinary medicine. (cdc.gov)
- Rarely, bite and scratch wounds may result in serious systemic infections caused by invasive pathogens such as Capnocytophaga canimorsus, Bergeyella zoohelcum, CDC group NO-1, and Bartonella spp. (cdc.gov)
Bacteria12
- Several gram-negative bacteria in the genus Bartonella cause human disease through various transmission routes. (cdc.gov)
- Although these organisms were originally thought to be rickettsiae, Bartonella bacteria can be grown on artificial media, unlike rickettsiae. (medscape.com)
- Of the 296 patients, 62 percent had Bartonella antibodies, which supported prior exposure to these bacteria. (ncsu.edu)
- Bacillary Angiomatosis Bacillary angiomatosis is skin infection caused by the gram-negative bacteria Bartonella henselae or B. quintana . (msdmanuals.com)
- Cat-scratch disease is an infection with bartonella bacteria. (medlineplus.gov)
- The Bartonella henselae immunofluorescence assay (IFA) blood test can detect the infection caused by these bacteria. (medlineplus.gov)
- Discussions with clinicians in multiple states raised concerns about a possible increase in pediatric intracranial infections, particularly those caused by Streptococcus bacteria, during the past year and the possible contributing role of SARS-CoV-2 infection. (medscape.com)
- CanLyme Note: Bartonella bacteria can be transmitted by ticks, cat scratches, dog saliva, etc. (canlyme.com)
- Bartonella henselae is a type of bacteria that can cause CSD. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Infection with the Lyme bacteria is frequently accompanied by co-infections that require different antibiotics as well as more aggressive treatment. (lymedisease.org)
- Tetracyclines are used principally in the treatment of infections caused by susceptible Rickettsia, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, and a variety of uncommon gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. (antiinfectivemeds.com)
- Because of the development of resistance, tetracyclines are rarely used for the treatment of infections caused by common gram-negative or gram-positive bacteria unless other appropriate anti-infectives are contraindicated or are ineffective and in vitro susceptibility tests indicate that the causative organisms are susceptible to the drugs. (antiinfectivemeds.com)
Prevalence5
- Among 296 patients examined by a rheumatologist, prevalence of antibodies against Bartonella henselae, B. koehlerae, or B. vinsonii subsp. (ncsu.edu)
- For example, in recent studies of stomatitis, seizures, and uveitis in cats, the prevalence rates for Bartonella spp. (vin.com)
- Genetic variability and prevalence of Bartonella henselae in cats in Berlin, Germany, and analysis of its genetic relatedness to a strain from Berlin that is pathogenic for humans. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- Prevalence of Bartonella henselae bacteraemia, the causative agent of cat-scratch disease, in an Australian cat population. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- Research Update CHF 02519 Final: Prevalence of Bartonella spp. (pwdfoundation.org)
Bartonellosis4
- [ 1 ] Candidatus Bartonella mayotimonensis and Candidatus Bartonella melophagi were respectively isolated from the aortic valve of a patient with culture-negative endocarditis and the blood of two patients with symptoms consistent with bartonellosis. (medscape.com)
- Many people who are affected by the some of these infections are immunocompetent, but disseminated bartonellosis tends to occur in immunocompromised people. (msdmanuals.com)
- Bartonella infection (bartonellosis) is usually acquired by humans via an insect vector. (msdmanuals.com)
- The specific aim was to evaluate the scientific support for laboratory diagnosis of human granulocytic anaplasmosis, rickettsiosis, neoehrlichiosis, babesiosis, hard tick relapsing fever, tularemia and bartonellosis, as well as tick-borne co-infections and persistent LB in spite of recommended standard antibiotic treatment. (frontiersin.org)
Babesia3
- Babesia, Ehrlichia, and Bartonella are three bacterial infections that are known to cause a variety of health problems in humans. (holisticcharlotte.com)
- Studies have shown that Babesia infection can lead to damage to the blood-brain barrier, which is the protective barrier that separates the brain from the bloodstream. (holisticcharlotte.com)
- In some cases, antibodies to Babesia, Ehrlichia, and Bartonella may cross-react with other infections, leading to false positives on diagnostic tests. (holisticcharlotte.com)
Diagnosis3
- To have a definite diagnosis of infection with B. quintana requires either serological cultures or nucleic acid amplification techniques. (wikipedia.org)
- These potential complications have been illustrated in a recent article in the CDC's Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), Serious Bacterial Infections Acquired During Treatment of Patients Given a Diagnosis of Chronic Lyme Disease . (scienceblogs.com)
- For the most important and well-known infections spread by Ixodes ticks, Lyme borreliosis (LB) and tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), there are recommendations for diagnosis and management available from several health authorities and professional medical networks. (frontiersin.org)
Bacilliformis3
- The name Bartonia, later Bartonella bacilliformis, was used for the only member of the group identified before 1993. (medscape.com)
- Oroya Fever and Verruga Peruana Oroya fever and verruga peruana are infections caused by the gram-negative bacterium Bartonella bacilliformis . (msdmanuals.com)
- Another interest is research in Bartonella bacilliformis, a bacterial infection common in the Andean region, and other common tropical infections prevalent in Latin America. (upenn.edu)
Humans2
- Since dogs are epidemiological sentinels, Peruvian humans may be exposed to infections with B. rochalimae or B. v. berkhoffii. (edu.pe)
- Bartonella henselae is a fastidious, Gram-negative bacterial pathogen of cats and humans. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Symptoms8
- infection has been reported in association with an expanding spectrum of symptoms and lesions. (ncsu.edu)
- infection, if any, to these symptoms should be systematically investigated. (ncsu.edu)
- To report a unique case of acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy ( APMPPE ) in a patient with positive serology for Bartonella , presenting with ocular signs and symptoms not attributable to other diseases . (bvsalud.org)
- Alternative medicine practitioners claim that Lyme infection can become chronic and attribute a vague constellation of symptoms not unlike the vague constellation of symptoms attributed to adrenal fatigue to chronic Lyme infection, a condition they commonly refer to as chronic Lyme disease . (scienceblogs.com)
- Now, there is a condition known as posttreatment Lyme disease syndrome, which is the proper term for patients with a verified previous B. burgdorferi infection who experience fatigue, arthralgias, or other symptoms six months or more after antibiotic treatment when all other conditions have been ruled out. (scienceblogs.com)
- However, there is no evidence that this syndrome is caused by chronic B. burgdorferi infection, nor is there any good evidence that prolonged treatment with antibiotics benefits patients with persistent symptoms after treatment for Lyme disease-quite the contrary, actually. (scienceblogs.com)
- Scientific literature that covers Lyme disease symptoms, seronegativity (negative blood tests), persistent infection despite treatment, and the cystic form of the Lyme disease bacterium. (lymeinfo.net)
- The presence of combined infections typically causes more severe symptoms than Bb by itself. (lymedisease.org)
Polymerase chain re3
- B. quintana infection can be diagnosed by serology, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing, or blood culture. (cdc.gov)
- one received a positive Bartonella polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test result not specific to B. quintana . (cdc.gov)
- It can be difficult to test an "active" infection and may take multiple tests such as cultures, antibody levels, serological, and polymerase chain reaction. (cattify.net)
Organisms1
- After completing all Year I study aims, we continued to work on improvements in immunohistochemistry and FISH localization of Bartonella organisms within various cell types. (pwdfoundation.org)
Bacterial infection4
- Bacillary angiomatosis is a rare opportunistic bacterial infection due to Bartonella henselae . (dermnetnz.org)
- Cat-scratch disease is a benign and self-limited bacterial infection of Bartonella henselae . (logicalimages.com)
- Гострий бактеріальний менінгіт Acute bacterial meningitis is rapidly progressive bacterial infection of the meninges and subarachnoid space. (msdmanuals.com)
- Catscratch disease (CSD), also known as catscratch fever or subacute regional lymphadenitis, is a bacterial infection affecting lymph nodes that drain the sites of inoculation. (medscape.com)
Prevention of opportunistic infections3
- In response, USPHS/IDSA developed comprehensive guidelines for health-care providers and patients that consolidated information pertaining to the prevention of opportunistic infections in persons infected with HIV. (cdc.gov)
- The response to the 1995 guidelines (e.g., the many requests for reprints and observations from health-care providers) suggests that they have served as a valuable reference against which local policies regarding prevention of opportunistic infections could be compared. (cdc.gov)
- 1997 USPHS/IDSA guidelines for the prevention of opportunistic infections in persons infected with human immuno- deficiency virus. (cdc.gov)
Complications2
Henselae infection2
- Cat scratch disease caused by B henselae infection occurs in approximately 1 per 10,000 persons. (medscape.com)
- Bartonella henselae infection. (cathealth.com)
Antibiotics2
- If your cat tests positive for Bartonella, they will prescribe a long duration of 4-6 weeks of antibiotics. (cattify.net)
- The result can be serious anemia and possibly death unless the infection is diagnosed and treated aggressively with antibiotics. (cathealth.com)
Borrelia2
- Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb) can suppress the immune system, resulting in per-sistent infection. (lymedisease.org)
- Clinical data have shown that tick-borne diseases caused by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Bartonella spp. (medscimonit.com)
Diseases7
- In 1994, the U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS) and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) recognized that, although strategies were available to reduce the frequency of opportunistic infections in patients who have human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, information regarding prevention of both exposure and disease often was published in journals not regularly reviewed by health-care providers. (cdc.gov)
- infection of cats has also been associated directly or indirectly with a variety of clinical manifestations like fever, lethargy, lymphadenopathy, uveitis, gingivitis, and neurological diseases. (vin.com)
- What starts out as a simple itch can potentially lead to a wide range of skin conditions, flea-borne diseases, or other parasitic infections in dogs and cats. (frontline.com)
- Flowchart showing the possible mechanisms linking oral/dental infections to systemic diseases. (medscape.com)
- [ 5 , 7 ] Although the underlying mechanisms are complex, the chronic inflammatory state and microbial burden in people with periodontal disease may predispose them to cardiovascular diseases in ways proposed for other infections. (medscape.com)
- Bacterial tick-borne diseases caused by Bartonella spp. (medscimonit.com)
- SCD patients should also receive counselling on hygiene, barrier protection against vectors, routine chemoprophylaxis for locally endemic diseases, and immunization for vaccine-preventable infections as a long-term preventive strategy against IAH. (bvsalud.org)
Antibodies1
- Specific antibodies to B. burgdorferi sensu lato and Bartonella sp. (medscimonit.com)
Bacillary4
- Bartonella henselae causes cat scratch disease (CSD) and peliosis of the liver (often called bacillary peliosis). (medscape.com)
- [ 3 ] Both B henselae and B quintana may cause bacillary angiomatosis , infections in homeless populations, and infections in patients with HIV. (medscape.com)
- Characterisation of Bartonella henselae isolated from bacillary angiomatosis lesions in a human immunodeficiency virus-infected patient in Germany. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- Infection of immunocompromised patients with the same organism leads to a very different disease, bacillary angiomatosis-peliosis. (medscape.com)
Quintana infection9
- Bartonella quintana infection is a vectorborne disease transmitted by the human body louse ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
- In the United States, homelessness is the principal risk factor for B. quintana infection ( 2 ), likely attributable to limited access to hygiene facilities ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
- In January and April 2023, the New York City (NYC) Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH) was alerted to two cases of B. quintana infection that occurred during 2022 among persons who had experienced unsheltered homelessness in NYC and later died (one died because of the infection, and the other because of an unrelated cause). (cdc.gov)
- B. quintana infection can result in severe outcomes, including death, and incur substantial health care costs from prolonged hospitalizations and surgical interventions. (cdc.gov)
- A major role in B. quintana infection is its lipopolysaccharide covering which is an antagonist of the toll-like receptor 4. (wikipedia.org)
- B. quintana infection has subsequently been seen in every continent except Antarctica. (wikipedia.org)
- Serological evidence of B. quintana infection showed, of hospitalized homeless patients, 16% were infected, as opposed to 1.8% of nonhospitalized homeless persons, and 0% of blood donors at large. (wikipedia.org)
- The clinical manifestations of B. quintana infection are highly variable. (wikipedia.org)
- Rarely is B. quintana infection fatal, unless endocarditis develops and goes untreated. (wikipedia.org)
Babesiosis3
- Multiple infections covered including Babesiosis, Ehrlichiosis, Bartonella and more. (lymeinfo.net)
- Lyme Disease along with it's co-infections, Babesiosis, Bartonella and Erlichiosis are understood by very few. (flashlightworthybooks.com)
- LLMDs treat Lyme and their tick-related co-infections: Babesiosis, Bartonella and Erlichiosis. (flashlightworthybooks.com)
Berkhoffii1
- berkhoffii (185 [62%]) and Bartonella spp. (ncsu.edu)
Chronic8
- Basically, the idea is that the adrenal glands have become "fatigued" and thereby unable to produce adequate quantities of hormones, primarily the glucocorticoid cortisol, due to chronic stress or infections. (scienceblogs.com)
- One of the most common chronic bacterial oral infections, periodontitis, affects the supporting structures of the teeth. (medscape.com)
- I also have chronic tick borne infections, and possibly bartonella is causing some of my issues. (podiatryexperts.net)
- Some patients who present with acute Lyme are, unwittingly, suffering from chronic tick-borne infections that were acquired at some time in the past. (lymedisease.org)
- Chronic infection is a different ball game altogether. (lymedisease.org)
- Chronic inflammation associated with chronic infection results in many imbalances throughout the body. (lymedisease.org)
- In one limited study in patients with confirmed C. burnetti infection and chronic endocarditis, a regimen of doxycycline and hydroxychloroquine was associated with a lower relapse rate than a regimen of doxycycline and ofloxacin. (antiinfectivemeds.com)
- Sickle cell disease (SCD) is associated with chronic haemolysis, immuno-suppression and suscepti- bility to infections, which may trigger infection-associated haemolysis (IAH). (bvsalud.org)
Patients7
- In collaboration with Dr. Robert Mozayeni, a rheumatologist based in Maryland, and Dr. Ricardo Maggi, a research assistant professor at NC State, Dr. Ed Breitschwerdt , professor of internal medicine at NC State's College of Veterinary Medicine and adjunct professor of medicine at Duke University, tested blood samples from 296 patients for evidence of Bartonella infection. (ncsu.edu)
- If the link between Bartonella and rheumatoid illnesses is valid, it may also open up more directed treatment options for patients with rheumatoid illnesses. (ncsu.edu)
- A group of physicians who like to refer to themselves as "Lyme literate" physicians describe patients whom they believe have persistent B. burgdorferi infection, claiming that the condition requires long-term antibiotic treatment. (scienceblogs.com)
- A prospective trial is not feasible in military patients owing to dangerous conditions of injury but a trial examining infection pathogenesis and bacterial pathogen-specific outcomes by evaluating host immune response using modern genomic and proteomic molecular techniques would provide valuable information and could be carried out at a large academic trauma center. (medscape.com)
- Virtually all patients with Lyme disease complex are co-infected, and treatment of persistent infection with Bb will be unsuccessful unless therapy is also directed at these co-infections. (lymedisease.org)
- Predominance of two Bartonella henselae variants among cat-scratch disease patients in the Netherlands. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- Because of its low renal clearance, doxycycline may not be as effective as other currently available tetracyclines for the treatment of urinary tract infections in patients with normal or impaired renal function. (antiinfectivemeds.com)
Ticks3
- Bartonella is a bacterium that is maintained in nature by fleas, ticks and other biting insects. (ncsu.edu)
- In fact, co-infection of ticks is the rule rather than the exception. (lymedisease.org)
- The aim of this study was to establish a relationship between the incidence of cataract and evidence of bacterial infections transmitted by ticks. (medscimonit.com)
Serology1
- infections, which are difficult to diagnose by using culture or serology. (cdc.gov)
Endocarditis2
- Endocarditis caused by Bartonella spp. (cdc.gov)
- Notably, endocarditis is a new manifestation of the infection, not seen in World War I troops. (wikipedia.org)
Fever8
- B. henselae infections also can cause prolonged fever. (cdc.gov)
- Bartonella quintana causes trench fever . (medscape.com)
- Trench Fever Trench fever is a louse-borne disease caused by the gram-negative bacterium Bartonella quintana and observed originally in military populations during World Wars I and II. (msdmanuals.com)
- Bartonella Infection aka "Cat Scratch Fever" can cause severe health risks for your cat and you. (cattify.net)
- Bartonella quintana, originally known as Rochalimaea quintana, and "Rickettsia quintana", is a bacterium transmitted by the human body louse that causes trench fever. (wikipedia.org)
- The infection caused by this microorganism, trench fever, was first documented in soldiers during World War I, but has now been seen Europe, Asia, and North Africa. (wikipedia.org)
- Typical Cat Scratch Disease is a syndrome of isolated lymphadenopathy and fever caused by the gram-negative bacillus Bartonella henselae, whose major reservoir is cats. (bmj.com)
- Tetracyclines are used for the treatment of rickettsial infections and are considered drugs of choice for Rocky Mountain spotted fever, epidemic (louse-borne) typhus, Brill-Zinsser disease, endemic (murine) typhus, scrub typhus, Q fever, and rickettsialpox. (antiinfectivemeds.com)
Phylogenetic1
- Phylogenetic dendrogram of Bartonella spp. (cdc.gov)
Cats10
- Up to 50% of Cats can carry Bartonella. (cattify.net)
- Cats tend to sleep a lot, but if you notice your cat more sluggish than average, it can indicate they are fighting off an infection. (cattify.net)
- Bartonella henselae is transmitted between cats by fleas. (vin.com)
- Based on seroprevalence studies in cats, exposure to Bartonella spp. (vin.com)
- How often cats become ill from Bartonella spp. (vin.com)
- It is also still also still unclear as to why some cats develop Bartonella associated illness and others do not. (vin.com)
- Blood culture, PCR assay on blood, and serologic testing can be used to assess individual cats for Bartonella infection. (vin.com)
- Cats that are culture-negative or PCR-negative and antibody-negative and cats that are culture-negative or PCR-negative and antibody-positive are probably not a source of flea, cat, or human infection. (vin.com)
- Thus, testing healthy cats for Bartonella spp. (vin.com)
- Administration of doxycycline, amoxicillin-clavulanate, erythromycin, or fluoroquinolones can limit bacteremia but does not cure infection in all cats and has not been shown to lessen the risk of cat scratch disease. (vin.com)
Pathophysiology1
- This particle contains a 14-kb linear DNA segment, but its function in Bartonella pathophysiology is still unknown. (wikipedia.org)
Mycobacterium1
- In HIV-infected men who have sex with men, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), toxoplasmic encephalitis, fungal infections, and disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) disease have decreased in incidence (9). (cdc.gov)
Serological2
- If the results of Bartonella tests are negative in a clinically ill cat, the organism is not likely the cause of the clinical syndrome unless the infection was peracute and serological testing was used as the diagnostic test. (vin.com)
- Serological studies have shown that infections caused by B. burgdorferi sensu lato and Bartonella sp. (medscimonit.com)
Bacteremia1
- OBJECTIVE: To ascertain opinions regarding etiology and preventability of hospital-onset bacteremia and fungemia (HOB) and perspectives on HOB as a potential outcome measure reflecting quality of infection prevention and hospital care. (cdc.gov)
Respiratory2
- Dr. Ugarte-Gil´s work is focused on respiratory infections such as Tuberculosis, COVID-19, Influenza and others. (upenn.edu)
- Tetracyclines are highly effective in the treatment of most chlamydial infections, including urogenital infections caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, respiratory tract infections caused by C. pneumoniae, respiratory tract infections caused by C. psittaci (psittacosis), and lymphogranuloma venereum caused by invasive serovars of C. trachomatis. (antiinfectivemeds.com)
Tick borne co-infections3
- I also have the tick-borne co-infections that often accompany Lyme. (flashlightworthybooks.com)
- A "protocol" is the way doctors treat Lyme Disease and tick borne co-infections. (flashlightworthybooks.com)
- There were no eligible studies for evaluation of tick-borne co-infections or for persistent LB after antibiotic treatment. (frontiersin.org)
Uncommon1
- We detected novel or uncommon Bartonella spp. (cdc.gov)
Tapeworm1
- Tapeworm infection. (cathealth.com)
Acute3
- Presumed acute posterior multifocal placoid pigmentary epitheliopathy associated with Bartonella infection. (bvsalud.org)
- Transmissible causes of lymphocytosis are usually acute viral infections . (medicalnewstoday.com)
- The standard treatment recommended for acute Lyme disease is inade-quate for eradicating the infection in many people. (lymedisease.org)
Flea1
- Bartonella henselae survives in flea feces for days after passed by infected C. felis . (vin.com)
Molecular4
- DOHMH conducted retrospective active surveillance within clinical laboratories of five large NYC hospital networks to identify additional cases with culture, molecular, or serologic laboratory results for B. quintana or Bartonella spp. (cdc.gov)
- Published in the Jounral of Central Nervous System Disease, March 18th, Edward B Breitshwerdt et al Abstract Background: With the advent of more sensitive culture and molecular diagnostic testing modalities, Bartonella spp. (canlyme.com)
- Molecular methods can enable rapid identification of Bartonella spp. (cdc.gov)
- Molecular diagnostic testing can identify Bartonella spp. (cdc.gov)
Zoonotic disease2
- Bartonella henselae is a zoonotic disease which means it can transfer from animal to human. (cattify.net)
- Compendium of veterinary standard precautions for zoonotic disease prevention in veterinary personnel: National Association of State Public Health Veterinarians Veterinary Infection Control Committee 2010. (cdc.gov)
Epidemiology1
- PARTICIPANTS: Hospital epidemiologists and infection preventionist members of the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) Research Network. (cdc.gov)
Ocular1
- other clinical syndromes (e.g., encephalitis, ocular disease, osteomyelitis) due to Bartonella spp. (cdc.gov)
Bacterium1
- Cat-Scratch Disease Cat-scratch disease is infection caused by the gram-negative bacterium Bartonella henselae . (msdmanuals.com)
Disease8
- It is a Co-Infection Lyme Disease that can cause serious health problems. (cattify.net)
- Most attention was focused on recent data related to chemoprophylaxis against disseminated MAC disease, cytomegalovirus (CMV), and fungal infections and to immunization against Streptococcus pneumoniae. (cdc.gov)
- Bartonella , including cat-scratch disease. (medlineplus.gov)
- Sarah speaks with Dr. Thomas Moorcroft, a physician from Connecticut who specializes in Lyme disease and Lyme-related infections. (canlyme.com)
- He explains what co-infections are and differentiates between infections that are contracted from a tick bite, and concurrent infections that people with Lyme disease may experience. (canlyme.com)
- Covers candida yeast infections and Lyme disease. (lymeinfo.net)
- The host response to this infection is an important factor in determining the extent and severity of the disease. (medscape.com)
- Rather, their Lyme disease complex* often includes other tick-borne infections, referred to as co-infec-tions. (lymedisease.org)
Severe1
- For more severe infections, double the dose. (medscape.com)
Mycoplasma1
- A range of bacterial ( Bartonella spp, Mycoplasma spp. (bvsalud.org)
Treatment of Infections2
- Cite this: Prophylaxis and Treatment of Infections Associated with Penetrating Traumatic Injury - Medscape - Jan 01, 2011. (medscape.com)
- Because minocycline and, to a lesser extent, doxycycline penetrate most body tissues and fluids better than do other currently available tetracyclines, some clinicians prefer these derivatives in the treatment of infections of the CNS, eye, or prostate. (antiinfectivemeds.com)
Traumatic1
- Trials optimizing timing of antibiotic administration with regard to known antimicrobial pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties (e.g., prolonging infusion times of β-lactams to reduce bacterial resistance) should also assist in improving outcomes in penetrating traumatic infections, which are increasingly antibiotic resistant. (medscape.com)
Doxycycline1
- For the treatment of urogenital chlamydial infections in adults and adolescents, the CDC and some clinicians recommend a single dose of oral azithromycin or a 7-day regimen of oral doxycycline. (antiinfectivemeds.com)
Lymph nodes3
- Due to the infection, you may be able to feel your cat's lymph nodes on their neck due to swelling. (cattify.net)
- The lymph nodes are small glands that make white blood cells (lymphocytes), which fight infection. (adam.com)
- Lymph nodes may trap the germs that are causing an infection. (adam.com)
