Barbital
Barbiturates
Tranylcypromine
A propylamine formed from the cyclization of the side chain of amphetamine. This monoamine oxidase inhibitor is effective in the treatment of major depression, dysthymic disorder, and atypical depression. It also is useful in panic and phobic disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p311)
Rifamycins
Pentobarbital
A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236)
Drug Tolerance
Progressive diminution of the susceptibility of a human or animal to the effects of a drug, resulting from its continued administration. It should be differentiated from DRUG RESISTANCE wherein an organism, disease, or tissue fails to respond to the intended effectiveness of a chemical or drug. It should also be differentiated from MAXIMUM TOLERATED DOSE and NO-OBSERVED-ADVERSE-EFFECT LEVEL.
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A potentially life-threatening condition in which EMBRYO IMPLANTATION occurs outside the cavity of the UTERUS. Most ectopic pregnancies (>96%) occur in the FALLOPIAN TUBES, known as TUBAL PREGNANCY. They can be in other locations, such as UTERINE CERVIX; OVARY; and abdominal cavity (PREGNANCY, ABDOMINAL).
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United States Department of Agriculture
A cabinet department in the Executive Branch of the United States Government concerned with improving and maintaining farm income and developing and expanding markets for agricultural products. Through inspection and grading services it safeguards and insures standards of quality in food supply and production.
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Explosive Agents
Substances that are energetically unstable and can produce a sudden expansion of the material, called an explosion, which is accompanied by heat, pressure and noise. Other things which have been described as explosive that are not included here are explosive action of laser heating, human performance, sudden epidemiological outbreaks, or fast cell growth.
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Toxoplasmosis, Congenital
Prenatal protozoal infection with TOXOPLASMA gondii which is associated with injury to the developing fetal nervous system. The severity of this condition is related to the stage of pregnancy during which the infection occurs; first trimester infections are associated with a greater degree of neurologic dysfunction. Clinical features include HYDROCEPHALUS; MICROCEPHALY; deafness; cerebral calcifications; SEIZURES; and psychomotor retardation. Signs of a systemic infection may also be present at birth, including fever, rash, and hepatosplenomegaly. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p735)
Metabolism of daunorubicin by a barbiturate-sensitive aldehyde reductase from rat liver. (1/44)
A barbiturate-sensitive aldehyde reductase was purified to homogeneity from rat liver and shown to metabolize the cancer-chemotherapeutic antibiotic daunorubicin. The aldehyde reductase may have important roles in the metabolism of exogeneous drugs as well as the aldehyde derivatives of the biogenic amines. (+info)Mouse popliteal lymph node assay for assessment of allergic and autoimmunity-inducing potentials of low-molecular-weight drugs. (2/44)
In the present collaborative study, popliteal lymph node (PLN) responses to penicillin G (an allergenic chemical), D-penicillamine (an autoimmunity-inducing chemical), and barbital (a negative reference chemical) were investigated in three different mouse strains by ten pharmaceutical companies. Two inbred mouse strains (BALB/c and A/J) and one outbred strain (ICR) were subcutaneously injected with saline solutions containing penicillin G (1.25, 2.5 and 5 mg/mouse), D-penicillamine (0.5, 1 and 2 mg/mouse), or barbital (2 mg/mouse) into one hind footpad and saline only was injected into the contralateral footpad. PLN cellularity indices were determined on day 7. In the three strains tested, the penicillin G and D-penicillamine injections resulted in approximately dose-dependent responses. In contrast, barbital failed to generate a significant PLN reaction. In the typical data from one of the participating laboratories, the PLN responses of A/J, BALB/c, and ICR to penicillin G were high, intermediate and low, respectively, while their PLN responses to D-penicillamine were all high. Some variation in PLN cellularity indices was observed among the participating laboratories, but reproducibility of the popliteal lymph node assay (PLNA) evaluation was partly confirmed. Although the appropriate selection of mouse strains and drug dosage levels has to be considered, these results suggest that the PLNA may be an appropriate screening system for prediction of the allergic or autoimmunity-inducing potentials of low-molecular-weight drugs. (+info)Apoptosis and cell proliferation in rat hepatocytes induced by barbiturates. (3/44)
To examine the effect on cell population in hepatocytes of phenobarbital (PB) and other barbiturates, PB, allobarbital (ALB), barbital sodium (BS) and barbituric acid (BA) were given orally to male rats for 7 consecutive days. Although there was no apparent change in non-promoting BA, hepatomegaly was induced by PB, BS and ALB, which are promoters of hepatocarcinogenesis. In PB- and BS-treated livers, hepatomegaly was attributable to hepatocyte proliferation and enzyme induction. In ALB-treated liver, it was attributable to enzyme induction. The level of cell proliferation was reduced to less than the control values following withdrawal of PB, ALB and BS. It seemed that the degree of suppression of cell proliferation following withdrawal of these compounds correlated to the degree of cell proliferation (PB>BS>ALB) during treatment. In PB-treated liver, apoptosis was induced during treatment, serving to eliminate the excess of hepatocytes. This suggests that short-term administration of PB neither induced suppression of apoptosis nor disturbed homeostasis of hepatocyte populations. (+info)Promotion by sodium barbital induces early development but does not increase the multiplicity of hereditary renal tumors in Eker rats. (4/44)
Induced cell proliferation is important in the mode of action of many non-genotoxic renal carcinogens. Since Tsc2 mutant (Eker) rats are genetically predisposed to the development of renal cell tumors, they provide a useful animal model in which to study the action of renal carcinogens. Sodium barbital was used as a model non-genotoxic renal carcinogen to test whether a concentration that increased renal tubular proliferation without severe nephrotoxicity would enhance tumor induction in a hereditary tumor model. First, a subchronic concentration-response study was conducted in wild-type male Long-Evans rats to determine increased cell proliferation without severe nephrotoxicity. Rats were dosed with sodium barbital in the feed at 0, 50, 250, 500, 1000, 2000 or 4000 p.p.m. for 3 or 8 weeks. Cell proliferation within the cortex and nephrotoxicity were quantitated. Enhanced proliferation with minimal nephrotoxicity occurred at 500 p.p.m. A second study was conducted in male Tsc2 mutant rats given sodium barbital in the feed at 0, 100 or 500 p.p.m. from 9 weeks of age to either 6 or 12 months of age. An additional group of rats was treated with sodium barbital for 6 months and then provided control feed until 12 months of age. Rats necropsied at 6 months of age had a concentration-dependent increase in preneoplastic and total renal lesions. Sodium barbital-treated rats necropsied at 12 months of age had numbers of lesions that were not different from controls. Total combined preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions in the 6 month, high dose group was the same as the 12 month control group. These data show that sodium barbital caused progression to the stage of spontaneous renal lesions in Tsc2 mutant rats but did not increase their overall number. These data suggest that enhanced cell proliferation without significant cytotoxicity exerted a promotional influence in this hereditary model. (+info)Effect of nonionic surfactant on transport of surface-active and non-surface-active model drugs and emulsion stability in triphasic systems. (5/44)
The effect of surfactant concentration on transport kinetics in emulsions using surface-active (phenobarbital, barbital) and non- surface-active (phenylazoaniline, benzocaine) model drugs is determined. Mineral oil was chosen as the oil phase and the nonionic surfactant polyoxyethylene-10-oleyl-ether (Brij 97) was chosen as the emulsifier. Model drug transport in the triphasic systems was investigated using side-by-side diffusion cells mounted with hydrophilic dialysis membranes (molecular weight cutoffs 1 kd and 50 kd) and a novel bulk equilibrium reverse dialysis bag technique. Emulsion stability was determined by droplet size analysis as a function of time, temperature, and the presence of model drugs, using photon correlation spectroscopy. Mineral oil/water (O/W) partition coefficients and aqueous solubilities were determined in the presence of surfactant. The transport rates of model drugs in emulsions increased with an increase in Brij 97 micellar concentrations up to 1.0% wt/vol and then decreased at higher surfactant concentrations. The transport profiles of the model drugs appeared to be governed by model drug O/W partition coefficient values and by micellar shape changes at higher surfactant concentrations. Total transport rates of phenobarbital and barbital were faster than those of phenylazoaniline and benzocaine. Excess surfactant affected the transport rates of the model drugs in the emulsions depending on drug surface activity and lipophilicity. (+info)Mathematical modeling of surface-active and non-surface-active drug transport in emulsion systems. (6/44)
Mathematical models were developed for the prediction of surface-active and non- surface-active drug transport in triphasic (oil, water, and micellar) emulsion systems as a function of micellar concentration. These models were evaluated by comparing experimental and simulated data. Fick's first law of diffusion with association of the surface-active or complexation nature of the drug with the surfactant was used to derive a transport model for surface-active drugs. This transport model assumes that the oil/water (O/W) partitioning process was fast compared with membrane transport and therefore drug transport was limited by the membrane. Consecutive rate equations were used to model transport of non-surface-active drugs in emulsion systems assuming that the O/W interface acts as a barrier to drug transport. Phenobarbital (PB) and barbital (B) were selected as surface-active model drugs. Phenylazoaniline (PAA) and benzocaine (BZ) were selected as non- surface-active model drugs. Transport studies at pH 7.0 were conducted using side-by-side diffusion cells and bulk equilibrium reverse dialysis bag techniques. According to the surface-active drug model, an increase in micellar concentration is expected to decrease drug-transport rates. Using the Microsoft EXCEL program, the non-surface-active drug model was fitted to the experimental data for the cumulative amount of the model drug that disappeared from the donor chamber. The oil/continuous phase partitioning rates (k1) and the membrane transport rates (k2) were estimated. The predicted data were consistent with the experimental data for both the surface-active and non- surface-active models. (+info)Rapid stimulation of free glucuronate formation by non-glucuronidable xenobiotics in isolated rat hepatocytes. (7/44)
Vitamin C synthesis in rat liver is enhanced by several xenobiotics, including aminopyrine and chloretone. The effect of these agents has been linked to induction of enzymes potentially involved in the formation of glucuronate, a precursor of vitamin C. Using isolated rat hepatocytes as a model, we show that a series of agents (aminopyrine, antipyrine, chloretone, clotrimazole, metyrapone, proadifen, and barbital) induced in a few minutes an up to 15-fold increase in the formation of glucuronate, which was best observed in the presence of sorbinil, an inhibitor of glucuronate reductase. They also caused an approximately 2-fold decrease in the concentration of UDP-glucuronate but little if any change in the concentration of UDP-glucose. Depletion of UDP-glucuronate with resorcinol or d-galactosamine markedly decreased the formation of glucuronate both in the presence and in the absence of aminopyrine, confirming the precursor-product relationship between UDP-glucuronate and free glucuronate. Most of the agents did not induce the formation of detectable amounts of glucuronides, indicating that the formation of glucuronate is not due to a glucuronidation-deglucuronidation cycle. With the exception of barbital (which inhibits glucuronate reductase), all of the above mentioned agents also caused an increase in the concentration of ascorbic acid. They had little effect on glutathione concentration, and their effect on glucuronate and vitamin C formation was not mimicked by glutathione-depleting agents such as diamide and buthionine sulfoximine. It is concluded that the stimulation of vitamin C synthesis exerted by some xenobiotics is mediated through a rapid increase in the conversion of UDP-glucuronate to glucuronate, which does not apparently involve a glucuronidation-deglucuronidation cycle. (+info)Counterimmunoelectrophoresis of pneumococcal antigens:improved sensitivity for the detection of types VII and XIV. (8/44)
Rapid identification of Streptococcus pneumoniae has been reported using counterimmunoelectrophoresis for the detection of specific capsular antigens in serum, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine. Previous clinical studies have failed to detect type VII or XIV pneumococcal antigen. These two types, however, account for a significant portion of pneumococcal disease. The incorporation of a sulfonated derivative of phenylboronic acid in the buffer system provides a method for the sensitive detection of these types in artificial mixtures without greatly reducing the sensitivity for the detection of other pneumococcal types. A problem with false positives encountered using human serum and barbitalbuffer was reduced by the use of buffer containing sulfonated phenylboronic acid. (+info)
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Uncategorized
Amobarbital
... but greater than phenobarbital and barbital (in descending order).[3] (Secobarbital , pentobarbital , amobarbital , ...
Dille-Koppanyi reagent
Contributions to methods of barbital research". Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association. 23 (11): 1074-1079. doi: ...
Thiobarbital
It is the thiobarbiturate analogue of barbital. It is of note that although the drug can be prepared by the above route (cf e.g ... thialbarbital), reaction of barbital with phosphorus pentasulfide constitutes an alternative route to thiobarbital. Fischer E, ...
Xiao Guangyan
On December 13, 1968, Zhen Suhui and Xiao Luolian took barbital together and died hugging each other in bed at home. After Xiao ... The autopsy revealed that he committed suicide by taking barbital. Xiao Guangyan married Zhen Suhui in 1945. Zhen Suhui was ...
Barbiturate
Sodium barbital and barbital have also been used as pH buffers for biological research, e.g., in immuno-electrophoresis or in ... discovered that barbital was very effective in putting dogs to sleep. Barbital was then marketed by Bayer under the trade name ... Barbital, methylphenobarbital (also known as mephobarbital), and phenobarbital are designated schedule IV drugs, and "Any ... barbital, butobarbital, mephobarbital, phenobarbital, butabarbital, and vinylbital as schedule IV on its "Green List". The ...
ATC 코드 N05 - 위키백과, 우리 모두의 백과사전
N05CA04 Barbital. N05CA05 Aprobarbital. N05CA06 Secobarbital. N05CA07 Talbutal. N05CA08 Vinylbital. N05CA09 Vinbarbital. ...
Joseph von Mering
Von Mering collaborated with the chemist Emil Fischer, who was also involved in the discovery of barbital. López-Muñoz, ... In 1903, he published observations that barbital (then known as diethyl-barbituric acid) has sedative properties in humans. In ... 1904, he helped to launch barbital under the brand name Veronal. Veronal was the first commercially available barbiturate ...
Psikotropika bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas
Barbital (5,5-diethylbarbituric acid). *Benzfetamine (N-benzyl-N,alpha-dimethylphenethylamine). *Bromazepam (7-bromo-1,3- ...
Ryūnosuke Akutagawa
He committed suicide at the age of 35 through an overdose of barbital. Ryūnosuke Akutagawa was born in the Kyōbashi district of ...
Else Frenkel-Brunswik
She suffered from severe depression and committed suicide 31 March 1958 by overdose of barbital. Her biography is included into ...
Sham rage
In some cases animals have suffered several convulsive attacks followed by withdrawal of sodium barbital. It has been concluded ...
Emil Fischer
Along with the physician Josef von Mering, he helped to launch the first barbiturate sedative, barbital, in 1904. He next ...
Barbiturate dependence
... barbital, phenobarbital). The slowly eliminated phenobarbital lessens the severity of the withdrawal syndrome and reduces the ...
1902 in science
Hermann Emil Fischer and Joseph von Mering discover that barbitone (barbital or Veronal) is an effective hypnotic agent. It ...
Ralph S. Pfau
During this period of not drinking he stepped up the medication the doctor had prescribed, a combination of barbital and ...
1927 in Japan
Writer Ryūnosuke Akutagawa commits suicide in the early morning hours at the age of 35 through an overdose of barbital. August ...
Barbituric acid
The first to be used in medicine was barbital (Veronal) starting in 1903, and the second, phenobarbital was first marketed in ...
History of general anesthesia
Also called barbital or Veronal (the trade name assigned to it by Bayer Pharmaceuticals), this new drug became the first ...
Ernest H. Volwiler
Volwiler was able to meet the demand, successfully synthesizing Barbital and overseeing its production in spite of shortages of ...
Chloral hydrate
After the 1904 invention of barbital, the first of the barbiturate family, chloral hydrate began to disappear from use among ...
Hexobarbital
"A study of the teratogenic and fetotoxic effects of large doses of barbital, hexobarbital and butobarbital used for suicide ... dating back from the introduction of barbital in the early 20th century. In Eastern Europe, hexobarbital (and other ... elimination from the blood and biotransformation of hexobarbital in rats of different ages after induction with barbital and ...
Kitty Melrose
... after she had taken barbital. Her father stated that she had previously attempted to take her life a few years earlier. The ...
Azerbaijani medical tourism
3 heroin", including sugar, quinine, barbital and caffeine, some of which "can cause serious side effects." Dr. Hirsch, the New ...
Counterfeit medications
3 heroin", including sugar, quinine, barbital and caffeine, some of which "can cause serious side effects." Dr. Hirsch, the New ...
Butabarbital
Barbiturates were first discovered to have medical use in 1903, when a research at Bayer showed barbital to be an effective ...
Phenobarbital
The first barbiturate drug, barbital, was synthesized in 1902 by German chemists Emil Fischer and Joseph von Mering and was ...
Opium Law
... allobarbital alprazolam amobarbital amfepramone aminorex barbital benzphetamine bromazepam brotizolam buprenorphine butalbital ...
Convention on Psychotropic Substances
Depressants (barbiturates): allobarbital barbital butobarbital methylphenobarbital phenobarbital butabarbital vinylbital ...
Controlled Drugs and Substances Act
Barbital (5,5-diethylbarbituric acid) [Repealed, SOR/2017-13, s. 7] Butabarbital (5-sec-butyl-5-ethylbarbituric acid) ...
List of MeSH codes (D03)
... barbital MeSH D03.383.742.698.253.317 - hexobarbital MeSH D03.383.742.698.253.434 - mephobarbital MeSH D03.383.742.698.253.488 ...
Barbital - Wikipedia
As barbital is a controlled substance, barbital-based buffers have largely been replaced by other substances. Japanese writer ... Barbital was marketed in 1904 by the Bayer company as "Veronal". A soluble salt of barbital was marketed by the Schering ... Barbital (or barbitone), marketed under the brand names Veronal for the pure acid and Medinal for the sodium salt, was the ... Barbital was prepared by condensing diethylmalonic ester with urea in the presence of sodium ethoxide, or by adding at least ...
Barbital | LGCFOR1721.00 | LGC Standards
Barbital side effects
... Barbital is a long-acting barbiturate that depresses most metabolic processes at high doses. Barbital ... Barbital side effects Barbital is a long-acting barbiturate that depresses most metabolic processes at high doses. Barbital ... Barbital induces hypnotic and sedative effects. This is our research on the alleged dangers of Barbital / adverse effects of ...
Molecular Discrimination of Barbital Enantiomer at the Propofol Binding Site of the Human β<sub>3</sub> Homomeric GABA<sub>A...
Molecular Discrimination of Barbital Enantiomer at the Propofol Binding Site of the Human β3 Homomeric GABAA Receptor ... Pentobarbital discrimination in the TM2-TM2 TMD site was caused not only by the barbital rings hydrogen-bond, but also by ... This study investigates molecular mechanisms of discrimination of enantiomeric barbital in the binding site of the GABAA ...
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RCW 69.50.210: Schedule IV.
The commission may except by rule any compound, mixture, or preparation containing any depressant substance listed in subsection (b) of this section from the application of all or any part of this chapter if the compound, mixture, or preparation contains one or more active medicinal ingredients not having a depressant effect on the central nervous system, and if the admixtures are in combinations, quantity, proportion, or concentration that vitiate the potential for abuse of the substances having a depressant effect on the central nervous system ...
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MEFF-oh-BAR-bital; Mebaral); methohexital (meh-thoh-HEK-sih-tal; Brevital); pentobarbital (PENT-oh-BAR-bit-al; Nembutal); ... mepho-barbital (Mebaral); methohexital (Brevital); pentobarbital (Nembutal); phenobarbital (Luminal); secobarbital (Seconal) ... mepho-barbital (Mebaral); methohexital (Brevital); phenobarbital (Luminal), Schedule IV, narcotic analgesics ...
Ulipristal (Oral Route) Before Using - Mayo Clinic
This medicine is not recommended in breastfeeding women. Call your doctor right away if you have severe lower abdominal or stomach pain 3 to 5 weeks after taking this medicine. You may have a pregnancy outside of the uterus (womb), which is called an ectopic pregnancy. An ectopic pregnancy can be a serious and life-threatening condition. It can also cause problems that may make it harder for you to become pregnant in the future. This medicine may make your next monthly period earlier or later than expected by a few days. If your next period after taking this medicine is more than 1 week late, check with your doctor right away for a pregnancy test. Your regular birth control method such as birth control pills or patch may not work as well while you are using this medicine. You should not start taking hormonal contraceptives until at least 5 days after using this medicine and you must use a barrier method such as a condom with spermicide, diaphragm, or contraceptive foam or jelly, until the next ...
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Chapter 893 Section 03 - 2011 Florida Statutes - The Florida Senate
1Note.-Section 28, ch. 2011-141, provides that:. "(1) DISPOSITION OF CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES.-. "(a) Within 10 days after the effective date of this act, each physician licensed under chapter 458, chapter 459, chapter 461, or chapter 466, Florida Statutes, unless he or she meets one of the exceptions for physician who dispenses under s. 465.0276, Florida Statutes, shall ensure that the undispensed inventory of controlled substances listed in Schedule II or Schedule III as provided in s. 893.03, Florida Statutes, purchased under the physicians Drug Enforcement Administration number for dispensing is:. "1. Returned in compliance with the laws and rules adopted under chapter 499, Florida Statutes, to the wholesale distributor, as defined in s. 499.003, Florida Statutes, which distributed the controlled substances to the physician; or. "2. Turned in to local law enforcement agencies and abandoned.. "(b) Wholesale distributors shall buy back the undispensed inventory of controlled substances listed in ...
Chapter 893 - 2012 Florida Statutes - The Florida Senate
11) The provisions of this section may be supplemented by a county or municipal ordinance. The ordinance may include, but is not limited to, provisions that establish additional penalties for public nuisances, including fines not to exceed $250 per day; provide for the payment of reasonable costs, including reasonable attorney fees associated with investigations of and hearings on public nuisances; provide for continuing jurisdiction for a period of 1 year over any place or premises that has been or is declared to be a public nuisance; establish penalties, including fines not to exceed $500 per day for recurring public nuisances; provide for the recording of orders on public nuisances so that notice must be given to subsequent purchasers, successors in interest, or assigns of the real property that is the subject of the order; provide that recorded orders on public nuisances may become liens against the real property that is the subject of the order; and provide for the foreclosure of property ...
Chapter 893 Section 03 - 2013 Florida Statutes - The Florida Senate
History.-s. 3, ch. 73-331; s. 247, ch. 77-104; s. 1, ch. 77-174; ss. 1, 2, ch. 78-195; s. 2, ch. 79-325; s. 1, ch. 80-353; s. 1, ch. 82-16; s. 1, ch. 84-89; s. 2, ch. 85-242; s. 1, ch. 86-147; s. 2, ch. 87-243; s. 1, ch. 87-299; s. 1, ch. 88-59; s. 3, ch. 89-281; s. 54, ch. 92-69; s. 1, ch. 93-92; s. 4, ch. 95-415; s. 1, ch. 96-360; ss. 1, 5, ch. 97-1; s. 96, ch. 97-264; s. 1, ch. 99-186; s. 2, ch. 2000-320; s. 1, ch. 2001-55; s. 5, ch. 2001-57; s. 1, ch. 2002-78; s. 2, ch. 2003-10; s. 1, ch. 2008-88; s. 2, ch. 2011-73; s. 1, ch. 2011-90; s. 1, ch. 2012-23; s. 1, ch. 2013-29. ...
Chapter 893 Section 03 - 2018 Florida Statutes - The Florida Senate
History.-s. 3, ch. 73-331; s. 247, ch. 77-104; s. 1, ch. 77-174; ss. 1, 2, ch. 78-195; s. 2, ch. 79-325; s. 1, ch. 80-353; s. 1, ch. 82-16; s. 1, ch. 84-89; s. 2, ch. 85-242; s. 1, ch. 86-147; s. 2, ch. 87-243; s. 1, ch. 87-299; s. 1, ch. 88-59; s. 3, ch. 89-281; s. 54, ch. 92-69; s. 1, ch. 93-92; s. 4, ch. 95-415; s. 1, ch. 96-360; ss. 1, 5, ch. 97-1; s. 96, ch. 97-264; s. 1, ch. 99-186; s. 2, ch. 2000-320; s. 1, ch. 2001-55; s. 5, ch. 2001-57; s. 1, ch. 2002-78; s. 2, ch. 2003-10; s. 1, ch. 2008-88; s. 2, ch. 2011-73; s. 1, ch. 2011-90; s. 1, ch. 2012-23; s. 1, ch. 2013-29; s. 1, ch. 2014-159; s. 1, ch. 2015-34; s. 2, ch. 2016-105; s. 4, ch. 2017-107; s. 1, ch. 2017-110; s. 8, ch. 2018-13. ...
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Chloral hydrate - New World Encyclopedia
EMCDDA | Barbiturates profile (chemistry, effects, other names, synthesis, mode of use, pharmacology, medical use, control...
Barbital. 5,5-diethylbarbituric acid. C8H12N2O3. 57-44-3. IV. insomnia. Malonal. Veronal. ... The parent compound barbituric acid was first synthesised in 1864 but the first pharmacologically active agent, barbital, was ... Phenobarbital accounted for 78 % of production, followed by butalbital (8.6 %), pentobarbital (6.9 %), barbital (3 %) and ...
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IUCr) Acta Crystallographica Section B Volume 27, Part 10, October 1971
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GABRA6 - Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6 precursor - Homo sapiens (Human) - GABRA6 gene & protein
Phenobarbital2
- A 1988 study found that amobarbital increases benzodiazepine receptor binding in vivo with less potency than secobarbital and pentobarbital (in descending order), but greater than phenobarbital and barbital (in descending order). (wikipedia.org)
- Barbituates - sodium barbital, phenobarbital. (powershow.com)
Barbiturates1
- Introduced as one of the first medical use of barbiturates, barbital diethylbarbituric acid is known as veronal, or diemal [ 17 ]. (hindawi.com)
Sodium3
- Barbital (or barbitone), marketed under the brand names Veronal for the pure acid and Medinal for the sodium salt, was the first commercially available barbiturate. (wikipedia.org)
- Barbital was prepared by condensing diethylmalonic ester with urea in the presence of sodium ethoxide, or by adding at least two molar equivalents of ethyl iodide to the silver salt of malonylurea (barbituric acid) or possibly to a basic solution of the acid. (wikipedia.org)
- Solutions of sodium barbital have also been used as pH buffers for biological research, e.g., in immunoelectrophoresis or in fixative solutions. (wikipedia.org)
Pentobarbital2
- Pentobarbital discrimination in the TM2-TM2' TMD site was caused not only by the barbital ring's hydrogen-bond, but also by steric fittings of the methyl-group adjacent to the chiral carbon atom. (go.jp)
- Metamizol potentiated the hypnosis induced by pentobarbital, barbital and chloral hydrate. (isharonline.org)
Barbiturate1
- Barbital is a long-acting barbiturate that depresses most metabolic processes at high doses. (owndoc.com)
19033
- Barbital, then called "Veronal", was first synthesized in 1902 by German chemists Emil Fischer and Joseph von Mering, who published their discovery in 1903. (wikipedia.org)
- The year 1903 marked the formulation of the first sleeping pill, barbital. (news-medical.net)
- The first psychologically active drug, barbital or veronal was introduced in 1903 by E. Fischer [ 18 ]. (hindawi.com)
Barbituric1
- The parent compound barbituric acid was first synthesised in 1864 but the first pharmacologically active agent, barbital, was not produced until 1881 and introduced to medicine in 1904. (europa.eu)
Metabolism1
- 1967. Effect of barbital on carcinogenic action and metabolism of 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene. (springer.com)
Hypnotic1
- Barbital induces hypnotic and sedative effects. (owndoc.com)
Enzyme2
- In rats, propranolol potentiated alcohol and pentobarbitone hypnosis, but not barbital sleeping time, indicating enzyme inhibition as a possible mechanism of potentiation. (isharonline.org)
- The enzyme activity was enhanced by the addition of sulfate ion and partially suppressed by barbital. (diabetesjournals.org)
Substances2
- As barbital is a controlled substance, barbital-based buffers have largely been replaced by other substances. (wikipedia.org)
- However, if it turns out to be refractory, further non-anaesthetising i.v. substances such levetiracetam, pheno- barbital or valproic acid should be given instead of anaesthetics. (slideshare.net)
Found1
- 2) A moderate delay of the activity of structure bound enzymes was found in barbital intoxication, a stronger restriction under the influence of carbromal. (springer.com)
Medical1
- This is our research on the alleged dangers of Barbital / adverse effects of Barbital and not medical advice! (owndoc.com)