Bankruptcy
Catastrophic Illness
Capitalism
The fall of the house of AHERF: the Allegheny bankruptcy. (1/20)
The $1.3 billion bankruptcy of the Allegheny Health, Education, and Research Foundation (AHERF) in July 1998 was the nation's largest nonprofit health care failure. Many actors and factors were responsible for AHERF's demise. The system embarked on an ambitious strategy of horizontal and vertical integration just as reimbursement from major payers dramatically contracted, leaving AHERF overly exposed. Hospital and physician acquisitions increased the system's debt and competed for capital, which sapped the stronger institutions and led to massive internal cash transfers. Management failed to exercise due diligence in many of these acquisitions. Several external oversight mechanisms, ranging from AHERF's board to its accountants and auditors to the bond market, also failed to protect these community assets. (+info)TennCare--Medicaid managed care in Tennessee in jeopardy. (2/20)
TennCare, the statewide Medicaid managed care system implemented in Tennessee on January 1, 1994, sought to reduce state and federal healthcare expenditures while enhancing access to and quality of care. TennCare currently covers 1.32 million enrollees (25% of the citizens of Tennessee), including more than 520,248 citizens previously not covered by health insurance. It is one of the largest Medicaid managed care enterprises in the nation and the only program to cover uninsurables regardless of income. Utilization of preventive and primary care services has increased, and selected measures of quality of care have improved. Program costs from 1994 through 1998 rose at a rate below that of overall US Medicaid costs during the same period, resulting in modest savings. However, managed care plans, hospitals, and individual providers continue to report substantial fiscal losses, and managed care organizations--including the 3 largest plans in the program--have closed, been placed under receivership, or threatened to withdraw from the market. Furthermore, safety net hospitals, academic medical centers, and community mental health programs have fared financial cutbacks that have limited their ability to serve the remaining uninsured as well as the insured. Because of these fiscal difficulties, the TennCare program is now in significant jeopardy despite its important clinical successes. Major structural and fiscal changes will be required if the program is to continue to enhance services and remain financially viable. This report focuses on TennCare's successes and failures to offer lessons for Medicaid managed care programs nationwide. (+info)Out of the frying pan: New York City hospitals in an age of deregulation. (3/20)
For several decades New York City hospitals had been distinguished by their tightly regulated environment, chronically weak finances, high occupancy rates, teaching intensity, dependency on public payers, low managed care penetration, and minimal merger activity. Then in the late 1990s a rapid convergence of forces--the Balanced Budget Act, managed care growth, state deregulation of commercial rates, escalating costs, and plunging hospital occupancy rates--threw the city's hospital industry into turmoil. In this paper we describe this period of turbulent change that has left most of the city's safety-net and small community hospitals near bankruptcy. (+info)The financial performance of community health centers, 1996-1999. (4/20)
This paper presents recent financial health trends of community health centers (CHCs) between 1996 and 1999, a time characterized by fiscal and operating challenges. Results show that many individual CHCs have been subject to large changes in payer-mix among uninsured and Medicaid users. Troubling is the finding that more than half of all CHCs reported operating deficits in 1997, 1998 and 1999. CHCs experiencing large increases in the share of uninsured users and those participating in Medicaid managed care appear to have been disproportionately affected. The analyses presented support recommendations for enhanced data collection and for further monitoring of CHCs' financial health. (+info)Reasons for student debt during medical education: a Michigan study. (5/20)
The authors address the need for a better understanding of the reasons for greater indebtedness among today's osteopathic medical students. In May 2000, a survey was mailed to all 219 osteopathic interns at participating institutions in Michigan. The self-administered survey contained 19 questions designed to gather basic financial information, demographic characteristics, and subjective perceptions of student debt loads from participating interns. One hundred seventy completed surveys were returned, for a response rate of 78%. The authors attempted to focus on demographic predictors of debt and found that although there is no indication that such predictors have a significant effect on a student's total debt load, financial support from the student's family remains the single most important factor in predicting low levels of student debt. The authors suggest that the higher debt rate of students entering specialty fields may reflect the fact that students incur these debts with the knowledge that those debts will be more easily repaid once the student has begun to practice medicine. (+info)Illness and injury as contributors to bankruptcy. (6/20)
In 2001, 1.458 million American families filed for bankruptcy. To investigate medical contributors to bankruptcy, we surveyed 1,771 personal bankruptcy filers in five federal courts and subsequently completed in-depth interviews with 931 of them. About half cited medical causes, which indicates that 1.9-2.2 million Americans (filers plus dependents) experienced medical bankruptcy. Among those whose illnesses led to bankruptcy, out-of-pocket costs averaged dollar 11,854 since the start of illness; 75.7 percent had insurance at the onset of illness. Medical debtors were 42 percent more likely than other debtors to experience lapses in coverage. Even middle-class insured families often fall prey to financial catastrophe when sick. (+info)Medical bankruptcy: myth versus fact. (7/20)
David Himmelstein and colleagues recently contended that medical problems contribute to 54.5 percent of personal bankruptcies and threaten the solvency of solidly middle-class Americans. They propose comprehensive national health insurance as a solution. A reexamination of their data suggests that medical bills are a contributing factor in just 17 percent of personal bankruptcies and that those affected tend to have incomes closer to poverty level than to middle class. Moreover, for national health insurance to have an impact, it would have to define "medical" expenses in a much broader way than is now typical of either private or government-funded plans. (+info)Discounting the debtors will not make medical bankruptcy disappear. (8/20)
David Dranove and Michael Millenson seem determined to deny that financial fallout from illness pushes middle-class families into bankruptcy. Anxious to erase the headline that three-quarters of U.S. medical bankrupts had health insurance at the onset of their illnesses and the resulting spotlight on inadequate coverage and insurance cancellation practices, they ignore most of our data and misrepresent the rest. They dismiss families' explanations of their difficulties and blame those ruined by illness for their own problems. However, the data from the bankruptcy courts are undeniable. Bankruptcies affect mainly middle-class, privately insured families, and about half are triggered, at least in part, by illnesses. (+info)Examples: Some examples of catastrophic illnesses include:
1. Cancer: Especially aggressive forms such as pancreatic, lung, and brain cancer.
2. Neurodegenerative diseases: Conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and motor neuron disease that can lead to cognitive decline, memory loss, and difficulty with movement and communication.
3. Organ transplant: The need for an organ transplant, particularly if the patient has end-stage renal disease or liver failure, can be catastrophic due to the high cost of medical care and the risk of complications.
4. Severe burns: Burns that cover a large portion of the body can require prolonged hospitalization, multiple surgeries, and rehabilitation, resulting in significant financial and emotional burden on the patient and their family.
5. Traumatic brain injury: A severe head injury can lead to long-term cognitive impairment, memory loss, and difficulty with communication and mobility, which can be catastrophic for the affected individual and their family.
6. Rare genetic disorders: Conditions such as Huntington's disease, cystic fibrosis, and sickle cell anemia are rare and can have a significant impact on the patient's quality of life, requiring extensive medical care and financial resources.
Impact on patients and families: Catastrophic illnesses can have a profound impact on both the patient and their family members. The physical and emotional toll of these conditions can lead to significant stress, anxiety, and depression. Additionally, the financial burden of medical care can result in bankruptcy, loss of employment, and other social and economic challenges.
Insurance coverage: To address the financial burden of catastrophic illnesses, many insurance plans offer catastrophic coverage, which provides a high level of coverage for expensive medical services and procedures. However, these policies often have high deductibles and co-payments, making them unaffordable for some families.
Government assistance: Governments around the world provide various forms of assistance to individuals with catastrophic illnesses. For example, in the United States, Medicare and Medicaid offer coverage for certain medical services and prescription drugs, while Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) provides financial support for individuals who are unable to work due to a disabling condition.
Charitable organizations: Many charitable organizations provide financial assistance and other resources to individuals with catastrophic illnesses and their families. For example, the Ronald McDonald House Charities provides housing and other support services to families of children receiving medical treatment for serious illnesses.
Research and development: Research into new treatments and therapies is ongoing for many catastrophic illnesses. Stem cell research, gene therapy, and other innovative approaches hold promise for improving outcomes and quality of life for individuals with these conditions.
Conclusion: Catastrophic illnesses are a significant challenge to the healthcare systems around the world. These illnesses can have a profound impact on the lives of patients and their families, both in terms of medical costs and quality of life. However, there are many resources available to help manage the financial burden of these conditions, including government assistance programs, charitable organizations, and research into new treatments and therapies. By leveraging these resources and working together to address the challenges posed by catastrophic illnesses, we can improve outcomes and quality of life for those affected by these conditions.
Bankruptcy
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Strategic bankruptcy
Bankruptcy problem
Bankruptcy Act
Bankruptcy alternatives
Bankruptcy barrel
Bankruptcy discharge
Detroit bankruptcy
Personal bankruptcy
Bankruptcy Code
Bankruptcy examiner
Bankruptcy tourism
Bankruptcy remote
Email bankruptcy
Proportional rule (bankruptcy)
Bankruptcy risk score
Bankruptcy Act 1861
Bankruptcy petition preparer
Trustee in bankruptcy
Bankruptcy Act 1869
Referee in Bankruptcy
Superintendent of Bankruptcy
Strategic bankruptcy problem
Bankruptcy Appellate Panel
Bankruptcy of FTX
Bankruptcy Act 1967
Anguillan bankruptcy law
Saab Automobile bankruptcy
Bankruptcy Act 1705
Modell's prepping for bankruptcy filing
Destination Maternity bankruptcy: 183 store closures coming
Bankruptcy
Bankruptcy Rules Get Tougher | Fox News
Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act
Star Tribune files for Chapter 11 bankruptcy
eSchool News | bankruptcy page 1
Vice Media Files For Bankruptcy
Personal Bankruptcy Laws
Bankruptcy Sends Shockwaves Through Detroit | Fox Business Video
Tokyo lender SFCG files for bankruptcy protection - MarketWatch
What Detroit's Bankruptcy Means for Public Pensions Nationwide
Vermont Bankruptcy Exemptions and Law - FindLaw
F. Lee Bailey files for bankruptcy
Exclusive: Toshiba's Westinghouse seeks U.S. bankruptcy financing - sources | Reuters
Fee-Shifting in Bankruptcy by Daniel J. Bussel :: SSRN
Judge OKs Adjustment Plan To End Puerto Rico Bankruptcy
Brooks Brothers files for bankruptcy | wusa9.com
Bankruptcies; enterprises, SIC 2008
Cineworld Files Chapter 11 Bankruptcy Reorganization Plan - The Hollywood Reporter
Sears Rise and Fall: From World's Biggest Retailer to Bankruptcy
6 big name retailers who filed for bankruptcy in 2017
From Bankruptcy To Business Leader, Pascal Bachmann Rebuilt His Life
Artega fails to sell auto business, files for bankruptcy | Engadget
Telescope maker Meade files for bankruptcy | Astronomy.com
Swets Bankruptcy Recalls Fallout from RoweCom | Library Journal
Bankruptcy overhaul law in president's hands | HeraldNet.com
Borders, in bankruptcy, seeks six-figure payouts for executives - Los Angeles Times
Bankruptcy, Nonprofits, Administrative Agency | JD Supra
Balloon Juice - Organized bankruptcy
Filing for bankruptcy protection2
- Here are the most important changes, along with details on how they will affect those filing for bankruptcy protection. (foxnews.com)
- The storied Manhattan fashion retailer Brooks Brothers is filing for bankruptcy protection. (wusa9.com)
Chapter16
- Modell's Sporting Goods is preparing to file for Chapter 11 bankruptcy as soon as Sunday, The Post has learned. (nypost.com)
- As talks to avoid bankruptcy hit a wall, Modell's is instead hoping that JackRabbit - a Denver-based sportswear retailer that bought Olympia sports brand last year - will buy it out of Chapter 11, a source with knowledge of the situation told The Post. (nypost.com)
- Currently, more than twice as many people file for Chapter 7 bankruptcy than for Chapter 13. (foxnews.com)
- Once the law is in place, however, most people will be forced into Chapter 13 even if they can't afford it, says Stephen Elias, a bankruptcy attorney and co-author of Nolo Press's "How to File for Chapter 7 Bankruptcy. (foxnews.com)
- Under the existing law, when a consumer files Chapter 13 bankruptcy, the court determines his or her repayment schedule based on their monthly income and basic living expenses. (foxnews.com)
- The Star Tribune, saddled with high debt and a sharp decline in print advertising, filed a Chapter 11 bankruptcy petition Thursday night. (startribune.com)
- The company's co-chief executives, Hozefa Lokhandwala and Bruce Dixon, released a statement Monday saying the bankruptcy filing would eventually strengthen the company and usher in a new chapter. (yahoo.com)
- Presently, individuals can file for bankruptcy under Chapter 7 or Chapter 13. (streetdirectory.com)
- However, new laws passed by the President in 2005 might make the options for filing the case under Chapter 7 a bit more narrow and might force most individuals to file a bankruptcy case under Chapter 13 instead. (streetdirectory.com)
- Chapter 7 bankruptcy. (findlaw.com)
- Chapter 13 bankruptcy is popular with homeowners because they can often keep their homes and other possessions, provided they can continue to make monthly payments. (findlaw.com)
- When you file for Chapter 7 bankruptcy you can usually discharge most of your unsecured debt. (findlaw.com)
- A Chapter 13 bankruptcy lets you create a plan to repay your creditors over three to five years. (findlaw.com)
- Movie theater giant and Regal owner Cineworld has formally filed its recently unveiled reorganization plan to allow it to emerge from Chapter 11 bankruptcy in the near future, the company said early on Tuesday London time. (hollywoodreporter.com)
- In April, the shoe retailer sought Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection . (ajc.com)
- Children's retailer Gymboree filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in June . (ajc.com)
Sought bankruptcy protection3
- When the city of Detroit sought bankruptcy protection this month, it marked the largest municipal bankruptcy filing in history, with huge implications for city taxpayers and creditors. (aol.com)
- Another famed men's clothier, Barneys of New York, sought bankruptcy protection last year, and it was followed by a slew of others toppled by the pandemic, including Neiman Marcus, J.Crew and J.C. Penney. (wusa9.com)
- The struggling electronics chain sought bankruptcy protection for the second time in just over two years. (ajc.com)
Debts5
- This will affect many middle-income individuals or families who earn above their state's median, but are forced into bankruptcy after accruing large debts, often because of divorce or medical emergencies, Elias says. (foxnews.com)
- Since your unsecured creditors hold no collateral for their debts, those debts are the most likely to be eliminated during bankruptcy. (findlaw.com)
- But some priority unsecured debts, like child and spousal support, can't be discharged in bankruptcy. (findlaw.com)
- Debts to the IRS aren't normally discharged in bankruptcy proceedings, but the 83-year-old Bailey said Friday that they can be if one abides by certain conditions, such as filing and paying his taxes on time since the original taxes and penalties were assessed. (10news.com)
- The text of Meade Instruments' bankruptcy filing claims debts between $10 million and $50 million. (astronomy.com)
Debtors1
- The Accountant in Bankruptcy has produced some helpful guidance in relation to debtors applications for bankruptcy. (scotcourts.gov.uk)
19852
- The Bankruptcy (Scotland) Act 1985 will continue to apply to all sequestrations where the petition was presented or the debtor application was made before 30 November 2016. (scotcourts.gov.uk)
- Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act ( R.S.C. , 1985, c. (gc.ca)
Restructure3
- Minnesota's largest newspaper will try to use bankruptcy to restructure its debt and lower its labor costs. (startribune.com)
- A federal judge on Tuesday approved a plan to restructure Puerto Rico's public debt, which will allow the US territory to end the bankruptcy process it declared almost five years ago. (ibtimes.com)
- With $900 million in debt, the company said it aimed to restructure through the bankruptcy process, while continuing operations. (ajc.com)
Retailer1
- At the time Modell's, which has 2,900 employees, had sent a letter to 19 building and mall owners, asking them to "dig deeper" and lower rents or at least defer them to help the retailer avoid a bankruptcy. (nypost.com)
Proceedings1
- For municipal employees and retirees around the country, there's a lot at stake in the Detroit bankruptcy proceedings. (aol.com)
Creditors6
- The fees for applying for creditors/trustees applying for sequestration/bankruptcy, and the fees for other miscellaneous bankruptcy applications can be accessed in the Sheriff Court Fees section. (scotcourts.gov.uk)
- If you are a Vermont resident and in debt over your head, bankruptcy could protect you from creditors while you pay off or eliminate your debt. (findlaw.com)
- Additionally, Vermont has state laws in place that let residents protect some of their assets from creditors during bankruptcy. (findlaw.com)
- However, the Bankruptcy Code lets states write their own laws on the property residents can protect from creditors in bankruptcy. (findlaw.com)
- This security interest put creditors in a better position to recover money during bankruptcy. (findlaw.com)
- In a potential Westinghouse bankruptcy, the utility companies would be among the largest creditors of the developer, owed the work that has yet to be completed and potential penalties, according to the sources. (reuters.com)
Potential bankruptcy2
- Last year, Mitch Modell loaned the business $6.7 million to save it from a potential bankruptcy. (nypost.com)
- Toshiba is reviewing proposals from financial institutions and investment firms about a so-called debtor-in-possession loan, which would carry the company through a potential bankruptcy, said two people familiar with the situation. (reuters.com)
File9
- Modell confirmed that the earliest the company will file for bankruptcy will be on Sunday. (nypost.com)
- It is the second major newspaper publisher to file for bankruptcy protection. (startribune.com)
- Individuals can file for personal bankruptcy as a last ditch effort when their credit reaches the limit. (streetdirectory.com)
- If the debtor fails to pay the monthly credit amount, the case might be dismissed from the court and will require the individual to file for bankruptcy all over again. (streetdirectory.com)
- The new law also requires the individual to take up credit counseling at least six months before filing for bankruptcy, which means the individual has to go through a licensed lawyer to file the case. (streetdirectory.com)
- Should it file for bankruptcy, the money would allow Westinghouse to continue to pay employees and build four nuclear power plants in Georgia and South Carolina, commissioned by local utility companies. (reuters.com)
- The sources cautioned that the move is preparatory and that no decision has yet been made for Westinghouse to file for bankruptcy. (reuters.com)
- In 2015, it declared it was unable to pay a debt of $70 billion, which led the US Congress to create a law called Promesa that allowed the island to file a bankruptcy petition in May 2017. (ibtimes.com)
- Bachmann had to file for personal bankruptcy and lost all his retirement savings. (yahoo.com)
Files1
- When an individual files for bankruptcy, it does provide him with a fresh start, but the credit bureaus keep records of the bankruptcy details and this might affect the debtor's credit rating for the next 10 years. (streetdirectory.com)
Attorneys2
- The bankruptcy reform bill signed into law by President Bush today has been branded a consumer foe by bankruptcy attorneys and consumer advocates alike. (foxnews.com)
- Reuters reported earlier this month that Westinghouse was working with bankruptcy attorneys and a turnaround expert. (reuters.com)
Sector1
- More bankruptcies are anticipated in the retail sector. (wusa9.com)
Comparative2
Company6
- But that ownership structure is likely to change by the time the company emerges from bankruptcy. (startribune.com)
- Vice Media, once a paragon of the digital era, filed for bankruptcy on Monday, a dramatic fall from grace for a company once valued around $5.7 billion. (yahoo.com)
- A group of lenders could acquire Vice out of bankruptcy for $225 million, The New York Times reported , and the company will continue to produce content. (yahoo.com)
- Reuters) - Westinghouse Electric Co LLC, the nuclear power plant developer owned by Japanese electronics company Toshiba Corp 6502.T , is taking offers for a financing package to help it go through U.S. bankruptcy, people familiar with the matter said on Monday. (reuters.com)
- Rosenwald was able to save Sears from the brink of bankruptcy by pledging $21 million of his personal fortune and other assets to save the company. (businessinsider.com)
- Artega , which reached our hearts at the Geneva Motor Show just last year with its beautiful all-electric SE sports car , has filed for bankruptcy after failing to sell the company to "an Asian investor. (engadget.com)
Discharge1
- PORTLAND, Maine (AP) - Famed defense attorney F. Lee Bailey, whose legion of high-profile cases includes the O.J. Simpson murder trial, has filed for bankruptcy in Maine in an effort to discharge an IRS debt of more than $5 million. (10news.com)
Courts1
- This Article argues for a forthright rejection of what little remains of the American Rule in bankruptcy and proposes a modified English Rule giving bankruptcy courts discretion over the award of attorney's fees to remedy the remaining problems caused by the Supreme Court's unjustified assumption that the American Rule is the correct background principle in the insolvency context. (ssrn.com)
Legislation1
- The new legislation, which goes into effect six months from now, is the biggest rewrite of the bankruptcy code in 25 years and was pushed for eight years by banks and credit card companies. (foxnews.com)
Court9
- The court does also deal with some other miscellaneous applications in the bankruptcy process. (scotcourts.gov.uk)
- New Sheriff Court Bankruptcy Rules are also made and apply only to cases proceeding in terms of the 2016 Act. (scotcourts.gov.uk)
- Think of it as a court audit of every bankruptcy filing: If any mistakes or omissions are found, the case will be dismissed and the attorney will be held legally responsible for all costs, fees and sanctions. (foxnews.com)
- 2) Where an estate has not been fully administered within three years after the bankruptcy, the trustee shall, if requested to do so by the Superintendent, report that fact to the court as soon as practicable thereafter, and the court shall make such order as it considers fit to expedite the administration. (gc.ca)
- 3) If a bankrupt is an individual, a notice referred to in subsection (1) is operative only during the three-month period immediately after the date of the bankruptcy unless the court, on application, extends that period on any terms that it considers fit. (gc.ca)
- The filing, which was made with the U.S. Bankruptcy Court in the southern district of New York, had been expected for months. (startribune.com)
- Whether one's legal system comes from a tradition starting with the English Rule or the American Rule, the realities of insolvency practice impel both the English and American systems towards a court-supervised discretionary fee-shifting regime in the bankruptcy arena. (ssrn.com)
- The proposed restructuring, which must get approved by the bankruptcy court, is designed to reduce the firm's debt by about $4.53 billion, mainly through lenders getting equity in the reorganized group in exchange for releasing their claims. (hollywoodreporter.com)
- According to court filings in July, the jeans designer aims to remain in business but is "seeking a revival" through its bankruptcy filing. (ajc.com)
Process1
- We are facing a transcendental moment in which the Government of Puerto Rico is on its way to ending the bankruptcy process," he wrote on Twitter. (ibtimes.com)
Month2
- From having it all, he lost everything within a 2 month period as he went through a 15M bankruptcy. (yahoo.com)
- Iconic telescope maker Meade Instruments filed for bankruptcy protection last month after a years-long legal battle with a competitor. (astronomy.com)
Years1
- But the bankruptcy will make years of massive investments by the likes of Disney and the Murdoch family worthless . (yahoo.com)
Plan1
- Lone Star Industries Inc. planned to sell its Nazareth, PA cement plant and several joint ventures as part of a bankruptcy plan. (cdc.gov)
Retail1
- With a whopping $4.9 billion in debt, the toy retail giant filed for bankruptcy in September . (ajc.com)
People1
- Bankruptcy offers people an option for ridding themselves of overwhelming debt and starting over without worrying about being harassed or sued by bill collectors. (findlaw.com)
Fees1
- I go on to identify a set of non-exclusive factors that properly inform the exercise of the bankruptcy court's discretion over the award of fees. (ssrn.com)
Code1
- The U.S. Bankruptcy Code is a federal law. (findlaw.com)
Made1
- If an individual is looking to apply to be made bankrupt/sequestrated, they now apply to the Accountant in Bankruptcy. (scotcourts.gov.uk)
Lost1
- and billions of dollars had been lost in the airline and tourism industries, resulting in bankruptcies of airlines and other businesses. (cdc.gov)
Rules1
- While it has chosen to implement its own rules on exempt property, Vermont also gives residents the option to choose the Bankruptcy Code's federal exemptions . (findlaw.com)
Year2
- HONG KONG (MarketWatch) -- Tokyo-based lender SFCG Co. filed for bankruptcy protection Monday after running up debt of more than 300 billion yen ($3.3 billion) -- making it the largest bankruptcy in Japan so far this year. (marketwatch.com)
- The bankruptcy is the largest by outstanding liabilities in Japan this year, according to a Kyodo report which cited data by Teikoku Databank. (marketwatch.com)
Legal1
- As a result, city and state governments have been more aggressive in bargaining with workers, trying to cut pensions even before bankruptcy filings, and the bargaining position of those workers has been weakened by the erosion of the legal precedent that used to protect them. (aol.com)
District1
- The area of technology is expanding too quickly, and it's becoming more and more expensive to keep up with," says Plumbtree, whose organization was created under AB1200, a California state law enacted after the bankruptcy of Richmond School District and the fiscal collapse of a few other California districts. (eschoolnews.com)