The collective name for the republics of ESTONIA; LATVIA; and LITHUANIA on the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea. (Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p111)

The LWb blood group as a marker of prehistoric Baltic migrations and admixture. (1/93)

Archaeological findings and historical records indicate frequent migrations and exchange of genetic material between populations in the Baltic Sea area. However, there have so far been very few attempts to trace migrations in this area using genetic markers. We have studied the Baltic populations with respect to exceptional variations in the frequencies of the Landsteiner-Wiener (LW) blood group. The frequency of the uncommon LWb gene was high in the Balts, around 6% among Latvians and Lithuanians, very low among the other western Europeans (0-0.1%) and apparently absent in Asiatic and African populations. From the Baltic region of peak frequency there was a regular decline of LWb incidence (a descending cline) in the neighboring populations: 4.0% in the Estonians, 2.9% in the Finns, 2. 2% in the Vologda Russians, and 2.0% in the Poles. Thus the distribution of LWb suggests considerable and extensive Baltic admixture, especially in the north and northeast direction. In Southern Sweden with an LWb frequency of 0.3%, the Baltic influence appeared slight, while in the population of the Swedish island Gotland in the middle of the Baltic Sea there was a significantly increased LWb frequency of 1.0% compared with that of Western European countries. The distinction of codominantly inherited LW antigenic forms, LWa and LWb (previously Nea), is known to be due to a single base substitution. Based on our population data, it is plausible that the expansion of this point mutation occurred only once during human history. Furthermore, our data indicate that the expansion of the LWb mutation occurred in Balts and that LWb can be considered a 'Baltic tribal marker', its presence in other populations being an indicator of the degree of Baltic genetic influence.  (+info)

Patterns of smoking in the Baltic Republics. (2/93)

BACKGROUND: Tobacco is a leading cause of avoidable death in the Baltic Republics but there is, as yet, relatively little information in the public domain on who is smoking and how this is changing. This information is important for those seeking to develop effective policies to tackle this issue. OBJECTIVE: To determine the pattern of smoking in Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. METHODS: Analysis of data on patterns of tobacco consumption from representative surveys of approximately 3000 adults aged under 65 in each country undertaken in 1997. RESULTS: The prevalence of smoking among men is 53.9%, 56.0%, and 53.2% respectively in Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. The corresponding figures for women are 24.1%, 10.9%, and 7.6%. For both sexes, current smoking rates are consistently lowest in the age group 50 to 64 and highest in the age group 35 to 49. Education and income are determinants of smoking rates among men but much less so among women. Russian men are more likely to smoke than are men from the majority group in each country. Smoking rates among women are much lower in rural than in urban areas of Latvia and Lithuania but this is not so in Estonia. CONCLUSIONS: Smoking rates among men in the Baltic Republics are already very high. Among women, they still vary considerably. Each country has implemented some measures to reduce smoking. These seem to have been especially effective in Lithuania but, overall, much more action is needed.  (+info)

Ambient air pollution and respiratory health in the east Baltic region. (3/93)

Air pollutants of primary concern to human health in the east Baltic region include particulate matter and sulfur dioxide. Exposure to elevated levels of nitrogen dioxide and ozone is also widespread. Coal-fired power and heavy industrial plants not fitted with efficient air treatment equipment constitute major sources of air pollution. Domestic heating with coal causes high local levels in some areas. The rapid growth of motor vehicle traffic results in increased emissions, predominantly in densely populated areas. Several epidemiologic studies performed in the east Baltic region, mainly in Poland, have documented an association between air pollution exposure and adverse health effects, primarily in the respiratory tract. Short-term exposure to ambient air pollution has been related to an increase in mortality and hospital admissions for illnesses of the respiratory tract. The associations were mainly seen for particulates or sulfur dioxide, and thus they confirmed the findings from other parts of Europe and the United States.  (+info)

Environmental radioactivity, population exposure and related health risks in the east Baltic region. (4/93)

The paper considers radioactive contamination of the east Baltic region, population exposures, and the risk of damage to human health. Principal sources include global fallout, the Chernobyl accident, and marine transport of radionuclides. A mean annual exposure of 2-3 mSv comes from environmental radioactivity. Main contributors are primarily radon and its decay products. The Chernobyl accident brought an additional dose of about 0.5 mSv in southern Finland and 1.4 mSv in the most contaminated districts of the Leningrad region, Russia. Both external and internal exposure via contaminated food contributed. Currently, significant long-term radiological consequences of the Chernobyl accident include persistent radioactive contamination of natural terrestrial (forest) and freshwater (oligotrophic lakes) ecosystems and food products. Radiation health risks are lung cancer among the general population from indoor exposure to radon, acute radiation syndrome from occupational exposure, thyroid cancer among children in heavily contaminated non-Baltic areas, and mutations among offspring of exposed parents.  (+info)

Environmental pollution and human exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the east Baltic region. (5/93)

Environmental contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and human exposure were surveyed in the east Baltic region. Polluted and heavily industrialized areas are upper Silesia in Poland, northern Bohemia in the Czech Republic, and the northeast part of Estonia. In Estonia the pollution is in a defined geographic area, where lung cancer incidence is higher than elsewhere. In Silesia, exposure of some 5 million people appears to be elevated; DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) adduct levels in white blood cells are increased in groups of residents with apparently only environmental exposure. By extrapolation, some 150 annual lung cancer cases could be predicted due to PAH in Silesia. Air levels of benzo[a]pyrene were increased in northern Bohemia, and domestic heating and power plants using brown coal appeared to be major contributors to particulate air pollution in winter. Further studies are needed to assess health risks of PAH exposure in central and eastern Europe.  (+info)

Environmental health in the Baltic region--toxic metals. (6/93)

Recent reports on concentrations of lead, cadmium, methylmercury, arsenic and nickel in some biological media in populations in the Baltic region are reviewed. In particular, children in parts of Poland, the Czech Republic, and Germany have uptakes of lead sufficient to cause adverse effects on the central nervous system and kidneys. Cadmium exposure is also high in Poland. Slight cadmium-induced effects on the kidneys have been reported from Germany and Sweden. Methylmercury uptake is dependent upon the intake of fish, in particular from contaminated lakes and rivers in Sweden and Finland, as well as the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea. There are some indications of immunotoxic effects associated with the intake of such fish. However, fish also contain other immunomodulating agents. Exposure to arsenic seems to be low everywhere in the Baltic region. There is high nickel exposure in northern Russia.  (+info)

Environmental health in the east Baltic region--pesticides and persistent organic compounds. (7/93)

Exposure to, and the potential effects of, pesticides and persistent organic pollutants in the East Baltic region are reviewed. Exposure of the average population to chlorinated compounds seems lower than in most of western Europe, and current pesticide use is very low. However, due to infrastructure failures and poor management controls, industrial hot spots and inadequate storage sites exist that cause high risks to small population fractions. The low exposure of the general population is indicated by low concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans and biphenyls in milk fat. Chlorophenol concentrations are also generally lower than in Scandinavia. Some organic pesticides have been found at higher concentrations in Baltic countries and the St. Petersburg area than in Norway, but the range is roughly similar to that in central Europe. Thus the overall risk caused by pesticide residues and persistent organic compounds in the Baltic countries and northwestern Russia is low, but local sites of concern exist.  (+info)

Immune response to diphtheria booster vaccine in the Baltic states. (8/93)

A study was done to measure baseline levels of immunity to diphtheria and antibody responses to different doses of diphtheria vaccine in study participants in the three Baltic states. Diphtheria booster vaccines containing either 3 (Estonia and Lithuania), 6 (Latvia), or 12 (Latvia) limit of flocculation units of diphtheria toxoid were administered to 2315 adults. Diphtheria antibody levels were tested before and 1-2 months after vaccination. Before vaccination, 40% of the participants in Estonia, 32% in Lithuania, and 38% in Latvia had antibody levels <0.01 IU/mL, the level for minimum protection. After vaccination, 79% of the participants in Estonia, 83% in Lithuania, and 81% in Latvia had antibody levels >0. 1 IU/mL, the minimum level for full protection. However, in each of the countries, about one-third of the 40- to 49-year-old participants would have benefited from additional doses of vaccine. There was not a significantly different antibody response among persons receiving the three different doses. Age and the level of prevaccination immunity had a modifying effect on the response to vaccination; however, sex did not.  (+info)

The Baltic States, also known as the Baltic countries, refer to a geopolitical region in Northern Europe that comprises three sovereign states: Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. These nations are located along the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea, hence their name. The term "Baltic States" became widely used during the 20th century to refer to these countries, which share historical, cultural, and linguistic ties.

It is important to note that the Baltic States should not be confused with the geographical region known as the Baltic region or Balticum, which includes parts of Russia, Poland, Belarus, Finland, Sweden, and Denmark, in addition to the three Baltic States.

The medical relevance of the Baltic States may include:

1. Sharing similar public health issues and challenges due to geographical proximity and historical context.
2. Collaboration in medical research, education, and healthcare policies.
3. Participation in international health organizations and agreements.
4. Exposure to common environmental factors that might impact public health, such as pollution in the Baltic Sea.

The Baltic State (German: Baltischer Staat) also known as the Baltic Duchy was a short-lived state created by the Baltic ... History of the Baltic states, History of Livonia, Former client states, Post-Russian Empire states, Former vassal states, ... Aftermath of World War I Baltische Landeswehr Freikorps in the Baltic "[The Unending War? The Baltic States after 1918.] ... Baltic-German people, Former monarchies of Europe, States and territories established in 1918, States and territories ...
Baltic Opera (formerly Baltic State Opera) is an opera company located in Gdańsk, Poland. It began in February 1949 as the ... In 1953, they were united under the name of Baltic State Opera and Philharmonic. In 1993, after the institution had been ... the Baltic Opera presents its productions not in the repertory system, but using the stagione system. Annually the Baltic Opera ... Madame Curie was also the first production in the Opera Gedanensis series, a project which is being realised by the Baltic ...
The Baltic States Swimming Championships is an annual swimming competition between best swimmers from Baltic states: Lithuania ... "Baltic States Swimming Championships 2022". "Baltimaade meistrivõistluste II päev". Eesti Ujumisliit. 27 March 2022. "Baltic ... 100 m medley List of Baltic records in swimming "Baltic States Championships 2023" (PDF). swimming.lv. Latvijas Peldēšanas ... Articles with short description, Short description is different from Wikidata, Baltic States Swimming Championships, ...
When the housing price in the Baltic states crashed, banks in the Baltic States were unable to re-pay their debts due to high ... Consequently, housing prices in the Baltic States began to boom in this period. The gross wage in Baltic States generally has ... the Baltic states opted to integrate closer to the Western Europe. By early 2000, the Baltic states' economy had begun to grow ... Strong integration with the EU bloc partly helps in accelerating the economic growth in the Baltic States, as the Baltic States ...
... - official Site (rus) 59°54′59″N 30°19′00″E / 59.9164°N 30.3167°E / 59.9164; 30.3167 ( ... Baltic State Technical University "Voenmeh" D.F. Ustinov (Russian: Балтийский государственный технический университет "Военмех ... Reformed as Baltic State Technical University, after D.F. Ustinov Rocket and Space Technology Faculty (A) Arms and Weapons ... general director of State Centre "Test-St.Petersburg") "Historical Background". voenmeh.ru. Retrieved April 19, 2018. " ...
... the Baltic states view the Soviet presence in the Baltic states as an illegal occupation for its full duration. This continuity ... "Russians in the Baltic States: To be or not to be?." Journal of Baltic Studies 24.2 (1993): 173-188. in JSTOR Laitin, David D ... Russian Minorities in the Baltic States "Ethnicity" No. 3/2010 ISSN 1691-5844 A comparing of the situation of Baltic Russians ... Russians in the Baltic states is a broadly defined subgroup of the Russian diaspora who self-identify as ethnic Russians, or ...
The 2017 Baltic States Swimming Championships was held in Riga, Latvia, from March 31 - April 1 Some events were also held ... Baltic States Youth Swimming Meet). Host nation (Latvia) Host nation (Latvia) Freestyle: 50 m, 100 m, 200 m, 400 m Backstroke: ... Baltic States Swimming Championships, 2017 in Latvian sport, 2017 in swimming, International sports competitions hosted by ...
... until the restoration of independence of the Baltic states. The Soviet Union reoccupied the Baltic states as part of the Baltic ... Communism and Crimes against Humanity in the Baltic States. 1999 "Communism and Crimes against Humanity in the Baltic states". ... Then acting U.S. Secretary of State, Sumner Wells, described Soviet activities in the Baltic states as: "the devious process ... "whereas the Soviet annexations of the three Baltic States still has not been formally recognized by most European States and ...
The 2011 Baltic States Swimming Championships was held in Riga, Latvia, from March 12-13. * Host nation (Latvia) Freestyle: 50 ... Results (Articles with short description, Short description is different from Wikidata, Baltic States Swimming Championships, ... 100 m medley List of Baltic records in swimming "Baltic Swimming Championships". delfi.lt. Retrieved 2011-03-16. ...
The 2021 Baltic States Swimming Championships was held in Klaipėda, Lithuania, between March 6 and March 7. Some events were ... Articles with short description, Short description with empty Wikidata description, Baltic States Swimming Championships, 2021 ... Baltic States Youth Swimming Meet). Championships were broadcast live via Lithuanian National Radio and Television. Host nation ...
The 2023 Baltic States Swimming Championships was held in Riga, Latvia, between March 3 and March 4. Some events were also held ... Baltic States Swimming Championships, 2023 in Latvian sport, 2023 in swimming, International sports competitions hosted by ...
NATO - The Synchronization of the Baltic States': Geopolitical Implications on the Baltic Sea Region and Beyond Questions and ... The Baltic States also have connections with the Nordic electricity grid via Nordbalt and Estlink. Energy portal Estonia portal ... On 22 April 2023 a stress test was scheduled in the Baltic states to test the infrastructure and operate for a day outside the ... Baltic states synchronization with UCTE is an international electricity transmission infrastructure project to synchronize the ...
The 2021 Baltic States Athletics Championships was held in Ogre, Latvia, between August 13 and August 14. All participating ...
... of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania settled there mostly during the Soviet occupation of the ... Baltic States. According to the year 2000 census, there were 1,444 Armenians living in Estonia. According to the 2011 census, ... Latvian Institute Baltic "yans": A visit with the Armenians of Latvia Армяне в Латвии. От общества - к общине (Articles with ...
... may refer to: History of Lithuania History of Latvia History of Estonia This disambiguation page ... lists articles associated with the title History of the Baltic States. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change ...
... may refer to: Forest Brothers, anti-Soviet partisan groups active in the Baltics 1944-1956 ... during World War II This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Partisans in the Baltic States. If an ... Soviet partisans, pro-Soviet partisan groups active in German-occupied territories including the Baltic region during World War ...
... involvement in regime change State continuity of the Baltic states Territorial changes of the Baltic states United States ... in the Baltic states. The arguments that the USSR had to annex the Baltic states in order to defend the security of those ... Occupation of the Baltic states, History of the Baltic states, German military occupations, Soviet military occupations, World ... The Baltic states' governments themselves, the United States and its courts of law, the European Parliament, the European Court ...
History of the Baltic states, Guerrilla organizations, Occupation of the Baltic states, 1940s in the Soviet Union, 1950s in the ... Ziemele, Ineta (2005). State Continuity and Nationality: The Baltic States and Russia. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 25. ISBN ... The guerrilla war in the Baltic states was an insurgency waged by Baltic (Latvian, Lithuanian and Estonian) partisans against ... by which time the Baltic states were pressing for independence through peaceful means. (See Sąjūdis, The Baltic Way, Singing ...
The United States, along with a number of other states, did not recognise the occupation and annexation of the Baltic states. ... However, some of states considered necessary to re-recognise the Baltic states. Second, there were states which had diplomatic ... On March 26, 1949, the US State Department issued a circular stating that the Baltic states were still independent nations with ... occupation and annexation of the Baltic states by the Welles Declaration. The Declaration enabled the Baltic states Estonia, ...
History of the Baltic states, Territorial disputes of Russia, Occupation of the Baltic states, Geographic history of Estonia, ... "How the Baltic States Got Their Shapes". Deep Baltic. 24 April 2016. Retrieved 18 March 2021. (in Polish) Społeczność litewska ... "Putin to Baltic states: 'Dead donkey ears'". United Press International. 23 May 2005. Retrieved 2 September 2011. Sedov, Andrey ... Territorial changes of the Baltic states refers to the redrawing of borders of Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia after 1940. The ...
... including the Baltic states. The three Baltic republics of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, first invaded and occupied by the ... Unlike the other Baltic states, the seizure of Estonian territory by German troops was relatively long, from July 7 to December ... both in and outside of the Baltic States. This collaboration was done through formal Waffen-SS divisions and police battalions ...
"Russia suspended from Council of the Baltic Sea States". Government.no. Retrieved 30 January 2023. "Baltic 2030". Archived from ... "Statement by the Russian Foreign Ministry on the withdrawal of the Russian Federation from the Council of the Baltic Sea States ... The Council of the Baltic Sea States (CBSS) is a regional intergovernmental organisation working on three priority areas: ... Baltic Assembly Baltic Council of Ministers "Ryssland lämnar Östersjöstaternas råd" (in Swedish). Svenska Dagbladet. 17 May ...
The Soviet occupation of the Baltic states covers the period from the Soviet-Baltic mutual assistance pacts in 1939, to their ... the Baltic states of conspiracy against the Soviet Union and delivered an ultimatum to all Baltic countries for the ... While the Baltic states were officially neutral in the Winter War, with the Soviets praising their relations with the USSR as ... The Baltic States: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania by David J. Smith, Page 24, ISBN 0-415-28580-1 Manninen (2008), pp. 37, 42, 43 ...
... , BSSSC is an international network associating local governments and local ... It was established in 1993 under the Stavanger Declaration as a result of the establishing Council of the Baltic Sea States a ... "Baltic Sea States Subregional Cooperation , UIA Yearbook Profile , Union of International Associations". uia.org. Retrieved ... "Project Idea Café and the Baltic Sea States Subregional Co-operation (BSSSC) annual conference". ec.europa.eu (in Polish). ...
Occupation of the Baltic states, History of the Baltic states). ... The three Baltic states - Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania - were ... The Soviet Union also required the Baltic states to industrialize to maximize the Soviet economy, and isolated the Baltic ... The Baltic states regained independence in 1990-1991. In 1944-1945, World War II and the occupation by Nazi Germany ended. Then ... Soviet rule in the Baltic states led to mass deportations to other parts of the Soviet Union, in order to quell resistance and ...
United States applies the precedent of earlier Stimson Doctrine to Baltic states, pursuing a policy of non-recognition of ... 25 November 1941, US deputy Secretary of State, Sumner Welles, re-affirms the US policy in regard to non-recognition of Baltic ... 15 June 1941, The Governor of New York, Herbert Lehman, declares 15 June to be Baltic States Day. 22 June 1941 Germany enacts ... The timeline of the occupation of the Baltic states lists key events in the military occupation of the three countries - ...
U.S.-Baltic Relations: Celebrating 85 Years of Friendship at state.gov The Baltic States: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania By ... McNeil stated that the British government recognized the absorption of the Baltic States into the Soviet Union de facto but not ... The Soviet Union (USSR) occupied most of the territory of the Baltic states in its 1944 Baltic Offensive during World War II. ... as applied to the Baltic states in the Welles Declaration, issued on July 23, 1940 by US Under Secretary of State Sumner Welles ...
This table lists buildings that are under construction in the Baltic states and are planned to rise at least 64 m (210 ft). ... This is a list of tallest buildings in the Baltic States, which includes all the buildings in Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania ... This table lists buildings that are on hold in the Baltic states and are planned to rise at least 64 m (210 ft). This table ... Baltic states-related lists, Lists of buildings and structures in Estonia, Lists of buildings and structures in Latvia, Lists ...
Finally in 1934, the three Baltic states reached the Baltic Entente agreement. In spite of the Vilnius issue, the Baltic states ... In 1939, the British and French tried to arrange a "guarantee" of the Baltic states to the Soviet Union. The Baltic states ... All three states joined the League of Nations in 1921. The Baltic states begin to build a regional alliance system with their ... External threats led to the Baltic Entente of September 1934, in which the Baltic states concluded a collective foreign policy ...
Included are also a list of the Busiest Air Routes to/from and between the Baltic States for 2011 and 2012, data for 2019 will ... This is a list of the busiest airports in the Baltic states in terms of total number of Passengers, Aircraft movements and ... The statistics includes major airports in the Baltic States with commercial regular traffic. Aircraft movements and Freight and ... Inter-Baltic routes are Bolded. 21 unique destinations and two Inter-Baltic connections appear within the Top 45. Locations ...
  • The Baltic State (German: Baltischer Staat) also known as the Baltic Duchy was a short-lived state created by the Baltic Germans led by the German aristocracy on the territories of present-day Estonia and parts of Latvia in 1918. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Baltic Trails take ambitious hikers through the wooded national parks, beaches and historic towns of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. (lonelyplanet.com)
  • Security chiefs in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania fear the Kremlin has increased recruitment not only of 'assets' tasked with engaging in the classic spying activity of gathering sensitive information, but also possibly to lay the groundwork for sabotage and subversion and to assist in so-called 'Russian influence activities,' according to Baltic officials. (voanews.com)
  • The Baltic Times is an independent monthly newspaper that covers latest political, economic, business, and cultural events in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. (baltictimes.com)
  • Lithuania and its fellow Baltic states Latvia and Estonia won independence from the crumbling Soviet Union in 1991, but remain largely cut off from the electricity of the rest of the EU, which they joined in 2004. (expatica.com)
  • To date, the only EU power link for the Baltic trio is undersea cable linking Estonia to Finland, which went online in January 2007. (expatica.com)
  • Here are 5 good reasons to discover the Baltic states (Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania) during your next vacation. (evaneos.com)
  • It was hardly a year ago, at the 2015 Estonian Suzuki Summer Camp, when representatives of Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Martin Rüttimann Chairman of the ESA, held a meeting to start a Baltic Suzuki Violoncello project. (europeansuzuki.org)
  • Although all three Baltic States are quite small, there was a keen interest for Suzuki Violoncello Teacher Training in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania so all three countries joined together to focus on establishing a joint Suzuki Violoncello Teacher Training course. (europeansuzuki.org)
  • The Baltic states of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania have decided to ask NATO to continue patrolling their skies until 2018, when the three alliance newcomers expect to take over the job, an official said Friday. (smallwarsjournal.com)
  • The chiefs of the Baltic defence forces decided to ask NATO to continue with the current air defence solution at least until 2018, under which other NATO members patrol our skies,' Estonian military spokesman Andres Sang told AFP after a meeting of Baltic army leaders in Estonia. (smallwarsjournal.com)
  • More established members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) have taken turns patrolling the air space of the three Baltic states since March 2004, when Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania joined the alliance. (smallwarsjournal.com)
  • BTA Baltic Insurance Company is one of the leading insurance companies in the Baltics, offering the broadest range of non-life insurance services in Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia. (bta.lv)
  • Whilst formerly an "energy island", the Baltic States (Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania) are now connected to the European electricity network through various electricity lines linking Poland and Lithuania, Lithuania and Sweden, and Estonia and Finland. (europa.eu)
  • The first works Action is the Baltic Synchronisation Project - Phase 1 covering internal transmission network reconstruction and reinforcements in the Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia (4.8.1-0021-LTLV-W-M-18). (europa.eu)
  • While the whole chart, if complete, would embrace the entire Baltic from Denmark eastwards, the present section includes only the far eastern coastlines of the sea, including the shores of modern Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, as well as almost all of the Gulf of Finland. (raremaps.com)
  • The Yearbook contains state practice reports from Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, thus serving as an important source of international law that is unavailable elsewhere. (brill.com)
  • The Baltic states of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania have agreed to disconnect their grids from the so-called BRELL energy ring, which also includes Russia and Belarus, by 2025. (err.ee)
  • In the Baltic States of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, other NATO Allies secure the Baltic skies with rotating detachments of fighter aircraft. (natomultimedia.tv)
  • Welcome to the Baltic States of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. (natomultimedia.tv)
  • Located on NATO's eastern border, these countries don't have fighter jets of their own, so other NATO Allies send rotating detachments of fighters to Šiauliai Air Base in Lithuania and Ämari Air Base in Estonia to keep the Baltic skies secure. (natomultimedia.tv)
  • After World War II Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia were under Soviet occupation until the 1990s, during which the Baltic population endured russification aimed at culturally "assimilating" the groups within the Soviet Union. (lu.se)
  • 5) The Baltic states (Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania) used to be part of the Soviet Union. (lu.se)
  • The Baltic states were meant to decide last year on another cable to Sweden, but the plan has been held up by wrangling between Lithuania and Latvia over hosting the hub. (expatica.com)
  • But moves there have been similarly slow, partly because of spats over the relative share of output from a planned nuclear power plant that Poland and the Baltic states aim to build in Lithuania. (expatica.com)
  • From 20th to 22nd of August Baltic organizational meeting (BOM) took place in Klaipėda, Lithuania. (esu-online.org)
  • Fifty years later, Muscovy returned with a vengeance, coincidentally with other interested neighboring great powers such as Denmark, Sweden, and Poland-Lithuania, which were either similarly interested in the eastern Baltic littoral or feared Russia's presence there. (fpri.org)
  • State of the Baltic Sea 2023 is a synthesis report that builds on, and integrates, results from a wide range of assessment products produced within the third HELCOM holistic assessment. (helcom.fi)
  • For a comprehensive reading of the State of the Baltic Sea 2023 study, we recommend downloading the PDF . (helcom.fi)
  • Ahead of International Human Rights Day 2023, HRHF has spoken to several human rights defenders from around the Network of Human Rights Houses to ask them about the state of human rights in their countries and why they find it important to continue their work. (humanrightshouse.org)
  • The resilience tests of the banks, aimed at trying to ensure they are able to withstand hacking and sabotage, came as Russia concluded a massive naval exercise, dubbed Ocean Shield, in the Baltic Sea. (voanews.com)
  • Their proximity to Russia, the legacy of their Soviet pasts as well as hosting substantial ethnic Russian communities make the Baltic states especially vulnerable for Kremlin intelligence activities, say analysts. (voanews.com)
  • MOSCOW - The Baltic states and Poland are ready to do anything to provoke further confrontation between the 'collective West' and Russia amid the events unfolding in Ukraine and give little thought to possible consequences of their actions, Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov said. (baltictimes.com)
  • The air defenses of the Baltic States are too weak to stop Russia or to protect NATO reinforcements coming to their aid, according to a report by an Estonian defense think tank. (nationalinterest.org)
  • Russia has about twenty-seven combat air squadrons in its Western Military District which borders the Baltic States, plus additional aircraft based in adjacent regions that could boost Russian air strength in the Baltic region to several hundred aircraft. (nationalinterest.org)
  • While these recommendations are practical, the salient fact is that Russia is big and the Baltic States are little, too weak to really defend themselves against Russian invasion without Western intervention. (nationalinterest.org)
  • By the end of 1941 he claimed responsibility for killing 250,000 men, women and children in the Baltic States and northern Russia. (ww2today.com)
  • Former Ambassador John F. Tefft, visiting from the United States for Leonid Donsky's 6th conference "Will Russia Survive 2024? (lithuaniatribune.com)
  • Hard and Soft Security Dilemmas with practical examples, including Russia relations and how deterring Russia in Baltic region from EU perspective. (utrechtsummerschool.nl)
  • Neither the Baltic states nor Russia necessarily shares the historical episodes reflected in the West's preferred analogies, or if they do, they typically derive conclusions which are greatly at variance with those drawn by the West. (fpri.org)
  • The history with which Western policymakers are familiar tends to be inapt for considering either the Baltic states or Russia. (fpri.org)
  • The shared history of the Baltic states and Russia is relevant for the contemporary topic of Baltic defense. (fpri.org)
  • Given the focus of the question, Russia is necessarily the subject, and the Baltic states are the object. (fpri.org)
  • Russia has shown sustained interest in the Baltic over the course of a millennium. (fpri.org)
  • After Soviet rule the relations between Russia and the three Baltic States have been complicated. (lu.se)
  • This position suggests that the leaders of the Baltic countries and Poland are ready to sabotage any European defense projects that are independent of Washington. (opednews.com)
  • It is clear that Poland spends huge amounts of money on its armed forces based on the fact that the United States relies on them in the region. (opednews.com)
  • We are observing a rather aggressive attitude of representatives of the Baltic states and Poland who seem to be ready to do anything to provoke further growth of confrontation, while, perhaps, giving little thought to the consequences. (baltictimes.com)
  • The European Commission provisionally supports the synchronization of the Baltic power grids with the Western European system via Poland, Lithuanian Energy Minister Zygimantas Vaiciunas said on Friday. (err.ee)
  • This is about synchronization via Poland," Vaiciunas, who is taking part in a meeting of the Baltic Energy Market Interconnection Plan (BEMIP) committee in Brussels, told BNS. (err.ee)
  • The European Commission's Joint Research Center analyzed several options for ensuring the Baltic electricity systems' synchronous operation with the Western European network, including via Poland by using two LitPol Link lines, or only one line with its capacity to be doubled from 500 to 1,000 megawatts. (err.ee)
  • It is clear that the part of the money allocated for arms purchases will go primarily to the United States, and the second to the European countries of NATO. (opednews.com)
  • Indeed, in the Baltic countries there are already military formations of NATO allies, which, on the basis of Article 5, supposedly will protect these countries from any aggression. (opednews.com)
  • It's remarkable, that the leaders of the Baltic countries constantly talk about the "Russian threat", but NATO soldiers do not feel themselves in danger. (opednews.com)
  • As we know, NATO contingent in the Baltic States is constantly increasing. (opednews.com)
  • This is a concern for the Baltic states, but a vulnerable north-eastern flank should also be a concern for NATO as a whole. (nationalinterest.org)
  • The Baltic states do belong to the NATO-wide NATINAMDS air defense command network and they have set up their own Baltic Air Surveillance Network. (nationalinterest.org)
  • Because the Baltic States don't have much in the way of air forces, and no jet fighters, NATO provides the Baltic Air Policing initiative, which bases four to eight fighters on Baltic airfields. (nationalinterest.org)
  • Interestingly, the study notes a lack of connectivity between the Baltic States and Swedish and Finnish air operations centers, indicating the importance of neutral-but increasingly NATO-leading-Sweden and Finland to any relief of the Baltic nations against invasion. (nationalinterest.org)
  • I'm sure NATO thought long and hard about assistance to the Baltic States and concluded it was in fact feasible to defend. (smallwarsjournal.com)
  • The 2021 HELCOM Baltic Sea Action Plan (BSAP) includes measures that HELCOM countries have agreed on as highly important to halt the deterioration of the Baltic Sea environment. (helcom.fi)
  • Our countries play a key role not only for the Baltic region, but for the entire alliance. (opednews.com)
  • The armed forces of the Baltic countries are not developing. (opednews.com)
  • The rulers of the Baltic countries will continue to spend huge amounts of money on unnecessary military trash, just to please their masters overseas. (opednews.com)
  • Our news analysis and commentaries provide readers with insight essential to understanding the three Baltic countries and their neighbors. (baltictimes.com)
  • This problem is especially relevant to the Baltic countries. (opednews.com)
  • On the other hand, the connotations of the word cool as something cold and indifferent are characteristic of the Baltic and particularly Nordic region, as very often the art of these countries is described as unemotional and static. (cac.lt)
  • The assessment, presented today at the Baltic Sea Festival, graded the countries on how well they are doing in six separate areas - biodiversity, fisheries, hazardous substances, marine transport and eutrophication - and on how they have succeeded in developing an integrated sea-use management system. (sott.net)
  • The Baltic Sea is today surrounded by industrialised countries whose levels of investments in environment protection measures vary greatly. (coe.int)
  • The Baltic Sea borders the three countries on their west shorelines, which are scarcely populated. (evaneos.com)
  • Many travellers prefer to head to the Baltic countries when the weather is fine in order to make the most of the longer days and the fact that there are more hours of sunshine than in winter You do still need to be aware of the possibility of showers, however. (evaneos.com)
  • It is examining these in the three Baltic countries and five Central Asian states where Moscow is trying to push its narratives using soft power tools, such as the Rossotrudnichestvo and state media outlets. (intelligenceonline.com)
  • This was a detailed 130 page report on the 'success' of his operations in the Baltic countries. (ww2today.com)
  • It aims to promote closer cooperation between student organizations both on the national and local level and to ensure the exchange of knowledge concerning political, economic, social and educational processes in the Baltic countries. (esu-online.org)
  • The course will provide insight on how the 'big neighbors' influence the development of small countries such as the Baltic States. (utrechtsummerschool.nl)
  • The Baltic states are three countries of north-eastern Europe, on the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea. (discoverfrance.com)
  • RESULTS: Tobacco taxation policy had three simi- lar stages in Baltic countries: (1) In 2004-2007, CONCLUSIONS: Decrease of tobacco affordability tax rates increased slowly and cigarettes became caused by tax hikes and economic recession was more affordable in years of economic boom. (who.int)
  • To- bacco consumption and smuggling out of Baltic bacco tax hike is a win-win policy, while in years of countries was on the rise, which caused increase economic boom it has more fiscal benefits and in of sales and revenues. (who.int)
  • 2) In 2008-2009, Baltic years of economic recession it has more public countries had to hike excise and VAT rates in years health benefits. (who.int)
  • The Baltic countries ratified the price, inclusive of all taxes, and, should be rather high. (who.int)
  • Cases of tobacco taxation policy in pean Commission database (Euro- consumption in the EU were com- the Baltic countries were presented pean Commission, 2012) and re- missioned by the Philip Morris In- by the tobacco industry sponsored ports as well as from the national ternational. (who.int)
  • 6.5%) in specific reported in aggregated format at the European level and regions of the world, including the Baltic states and other could not be linked to molecular data identified from in- eastern European countries ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
  • To what extent has academic dishonesty contributed to the well-known gap in research performance between Central Asian countries and other post-Soviet states? (lu.se)
  • Unlike in Western countries, high-ranking officials in the post-Soviet states have often avoided resignation and other serious consequences of plagiarism, academic fraud, and similar offences. (lu.se)
  • This manual is particularly relevant to primary health care providers in the countries of eastern Europe, the Baltic States, and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). (cdc.gov)
  • During World War I with its use as a chemical warfare agent, sulfur mustard was released directly to the atmosphere in countries outside the United States. (cdc.gov)
  • The process of militarization of the Baltic region has already been launched and the United States plays a major role in this game. (opednews.com)
  • Born of a merger between The Baltic Independent and The Baltic Observer in 1996, The Baltic Times continues to bring objective, comprehensive, and timely information to those with an interest in this rapidly developing area of the Baltic Sea region. (baltictimes.com)
  • Cool Places" was a possibility for artists of the Baltic region to reveal their personal attitude to the materialized meanings of the word cool. (cac.lt)
  • appeal to the European Union and relevant financing institutions to support research and the financing of acute environmental projects in the Baltic Sea region, inter alia within the framework of the Northern Dimension, in particular the development of the St Petersburg water supply and sewage treatment systems. (coe.int)
  • Under the heading "The Top of Europe - A Competitive Baltic Sea Region Ready for the Future? (bdforum.org)
  • this year´s BDF State of the Region Report once again takes the temperature on growth, innovation and competitiveness in the Baltic Sea Region (BSR). (bdforum.org)
  • The three authors Christian Ketels, Helge J. Pedersen and Mikael Olsson analyses the BSR economy and assesses the state of the region, thus helping decision makers and observers inside and outside of the Region to navigate in a challenging environment. (bdforum.org)
  • Heading towards BDF´s 20th anniversary in 2018, the report will provide a basis for discussions at the 20th BDF Summit in Tallinn on 4th June 2018 as well as the 9th Annual Forum for the EU Strategy for the Baltic Sea Region on 4th-5th June 2018 in Tallinn, co-organized by BDF and the Estonian Ministry of Foreign Affairs in collaboration with the European Commission. (bdforum.org)
  • This year's State of the Region-Report takes a closer look at developments at the sub-national level and finds that the dynamics at the subnational level are even more heterogeneous, with especially rural regions struggling. (bdforum.org)
  • Instead, it plows ahead with the operational tasks under existing collaboration structures, especially the EU Strategy for the Baltic Sea Region. (bdforum.org)
  • If the Region wants to embark on such a path, launching Baltic Sea Region 2.0, will require a clear decision that leaders across the Region are ready to go drive this process. (bdforum.org)
  • Top of Digital Europe is an independent, non-profit think tank that facilitates cross-border dialogue and public-private initiatives to strengthen the digital economy in the Baltic Sea Region. (bdforum.org)
  • Air defense is the biggest military capability gap in the region, and while the three states have taken steps to address this, the full range of systems required for comprehensive, layered air defense is prohibitively expensive. (nationalinterest.org)
  • Indeed, a crisis could result if a future Russian president concludes that NATO's mere presence in the Baltic region is an intolerable intrusion into Moscow's rightful sphere of influence. (smallwarsjournal.com)
  • A quick scan at Wikipedia, defines an SOI as 'an area or region over which an organization or state exerts some kind of indirect cultural, economic, military or political domination. (smallwarsjournal.com)
  • The programme is designed for all students interested in the northern part of Europe focusing on the Baltic Sea Region. (utrechtsummerschool.nl)
  • Throughout this Baltic odyssey, cyclists experience a region rich in history, natural beauty, and a unique northern allure. (discoverfrance.com)
  • I hope that the limited results outlined below will be of interest to those interested in the state of scientific research in my region. (lu.se)
  • All three Baltic states were among the first of 15 Soviet republics to declare independence. (voanews.com)
  • Studio: Bob Schieffer) Leaders of three Baltic republics reported holding trade talks. (vanderbilt.edu)
  • In any case, the U.S. should never have undertaken military commitments to the Baltic republics. (smallwarsjournal.com)
  • The study recommends that the alliance should beef up its command networks to the point that the Baltic Air Policing mission should become an actual air defense mission. (nationalinterest.org)
  • Currently, France is policing the Baltic skies. (smallwarsjournal.com)
  • Russian military aircraft that operate in the area often don't respect international aviation rules, so Baltic Air Policing aircraft scramble to visually identify this unsafe air traffic. (natomultimedia.tv)
  • The Estonian securities market is returning to the lead among the three Baltic bourses, having recently moved ahead of the Vilnius exchange in terms of growth since the beginning of the year. (baltictimes.com)
  • So, the turnover of the Estonian portion of the Baltic List is 45 times higher than the Latvian portion. (baltictimes.com)
  • It is already clear that the Lithuanian part of the Baltic List, which includes Kalnapilis brewery, Rokiskio Suris dairy, Utenos Trikotazas knitwear factory, Vilniaus Bankas and possibly refrigerator maker Snaige shares, also will not come close to the turnover of the Estonian securities. (baltictimes.com)
  • On the 4th and 5th of June this year, the Baltic Suzuki Violoncello Introductory Course took place in the Estonian Music Academy, Tallinn. (europeansuzuki.org)
  • The Estonian study recommends the Baltic States acquire medium-range anti-aircraft systems and an adequate supply of missiles, as well as better command and communications networks. (nationalinterest.org)
  • BTA Baltic Insurance Company AAS (BTA) in cooperation with an Estonian start-up DriveX starts to offer an innovative, artificial intelligence based solution to its customers in the Baltic States, which will allow the customers to record their vehicle's condition during the insurance policy procurement process faster, in a more comfortable and safer way. (bta.lv)
  • BOM is a regional cooperation agreement between national unions of students in the Baltic states: Federation of Estonian Student Unions (Eesti Üliõpilaskondade Liit), Student Union of Latvia (Latvijas Studentu apvienība) and Lithuanian National Union of Students (Lietuvos studentų sąjunga). (esu-online.org)
  • Now, after the independence of the three states has been regained, 25% of the Latvian population, 25% of the Estonian population and 5% of the Lithuanian population now consist of a Russian speaking population. (lu.se)
  • German-owned retailer Lidl Lietuva will have to destroy 38,400 cartons of chicken eggs delivered from Ukraine, which have been found to be contaminated with Salmonella, the Lithuanian State Food and Veterinary Service said on December 22nd, cites LETA/BNS. (baltic-course.com)
  • In the aftermath of threats of Russian aggression and the unlawful invasion of Ukraine, the presence of Russian speaking populations in Baltic States has caused severe internal tensions. (lu.se)
  • The Baltic states obtained their independence approximately twenty years ago. (evaneos.com)
  • The Baltic states, which regained their independence from the Soviet Union 16 years ago, lack sufficient aircraft and personnel to run the patrols themselves. (smallwarsjournal.com)
  • Once finalised, the synchronisation of the Baltic States' electricity network with the Continental European Network will complete the energy independence process in the Baltic States as well as provide for security of supply for consumers in the Baltics. (europa.eu)
  • The European Commission - the 27-nation EU's executive - is keeping the Baltic situation under watch and has tasked experts with producing by July a plan to connect their grids. (expatica.com)
  • The minister expects that a final decision on the Baltic grids' synchronization may be made in the first quarter of next year. (err.ee)
  • In January 2020, drug wholesalers sold EUR 37.28 million worth (including VAT) of medicines in Latvia, which is an increase of 7.19% against the same period a year ago and a 2.98 percent rise against December 2019, according to information from the State Agency of Medicines. (baltic-course.com)
  • In May 2019, the formal extension of the continental European grid to the Baltic States' was approved within the European Network of Transmission System Operators (ENTSO-E) in a process initiated by Polish and three Baltic States' TSOs. (europa.eu)
  • HELCOM carries out holistic assessments every six years to follow up on how well the agreement is functioning, focusing on how the Baltic Sea ecosystem is doing. (helcom.fi)
  • Regional cooperation in the field of environment protection (HELCOM) was initiated already in the 1970s when the first Convention on the protection of the marine environment of the Baltic Sea Area was signed in 1974. (coe.int)
  • 3. In 1992 HELCOM adopted the Baltic Sea Joint Comprehensive Environmental Action Programme (JCP) for the Baltic Sea Area, which identified the main problem areas ('the hot spots').These include inter alia municipal wastewater treatment and industrial pollution mainly from the eastern shores of the Sea. (coe.int)
  • The Baltic states have been pressing the EU to forge a common policy, seeing it as crucial amid concern about Russia's use of its energy clout. (expatica.com)
  • From 1941 until 1945, the Baltic states were occupied by Nazi Germany. (rt.com)
  • Vilnius - Five years since they joined the European Union, the bloc's Baltic states are still barely plugged into its electricity network and remain hooked to the grid of their Soviet-era master Moscow. (expatica.com)
  • In electricity we are working on a common Baltic electricity market and facilitating trade in electricity, based on Nord Pool. (expatica.com)
  • For example, they do not want to control the potential inflow of Russian electricity supplies, which in the Baltic circumstances would greatly influence long-term energy security,' Kisel said. (expatica.com)
  • That said, the Baltic States' electricity grid is, however, still operated in a synchronous mode with the Russian and Belarusian interconnection systems. (europa.eu)
  • The desynchronisation of the Baltic States' electricity grid from these systems and their synchronisation with the Continental European Network is underway, as this is an essential political priority for the achievement of the Energy Union. (europa.eu)
  • The Roadmap implementing the synchronisation of the Baltic States' electricity networks with the Continental European Network sets the target date of 2025 for the full synchronisation. (europa.eu)
  • The Russian Foreign Ministry contends that the three states were absorbed by the USSR in accordance with international laws and norms that were in force in the mid-20th century. (rt.com)
  • Even if the page is about to be turned, the years of ex-USSR rule over the Baltic states have left a consequent heritage , now exposed to tourists. (evaneos.com)
  • Latvian Ministry of Defense named an incident "undermining the reputation of thousands of U.S. and other allied states warriors who serve in the Baltics. (opednews.com)
  • This summer school will provide an overview of one of the key trends in soft and hard security dilemmas and opportunities of the Baltics states. (utrechtsummerschool.nl)
  • Once Phases I and II of the Baltic Synchronisation project are complete, the Baltic States will be ready to operate in synchronous mode with the Central European Network. (europa.eu)
  • A new political cooperation structure - the Council of the Baltic Sea States - was established in 1992, and environmental matters become one of the priorities of this cooperation. (coe.int)
  • The Centre of the Baltic Sea States is a regional cooperation between states in Northern Europe. (humanrightshouse.org)
  • Volume 18 is the second volume of the Baltic Yearbook of International Law appearing under the aegis of cooperation between the Riga Graduate School of Law and Brill/Nijhoff Publishers. (brill.com)
  • The first volume appeared in 2001 with a symposium on the question of the international legal status of the Baltic States. (brill.com)
  • Embarking from Vilnius, Lithuania's historic and vibrant capital, a cycling journey along the Baltic coast unveils a mesmerizing blend of ancient traditions, pristine nature, and Baltic charm. (discoverfrance.com)
  • This recommendation should be followed up separately in the various regions of the Council of Europe area (such as the Baltic Sea area) paying particular attention to the special regional features. (coe.int)
  • We now have an opportunity in the area of sea-use management with two current processes on the European level," said Vicki Lee Wallgren, programme manager for WWF's Baltic Ecoregion Programme. (sott.net)
  • To stop them, the Baltic States have a miscellany of European and American surface-to-air missiles and air defense radars, including Swedish RBS-70 and U.S. Stinger short-range anti-aircraft missiles. (nationalinterest.org)
  • The air defense capabilities of the three Baltic states are acutely lacking," the study concludes with remarkable understatement. (nationalinterest.org)
  • Western policymakers charged with making decisions related to the security and defense of the Baltic states face intractable questions pertaining to uncertainty about Russian interests, intentions, and the future. (fpri.org)
  • Yet, Western policymakers will be more familiar with some histories over others and will likely draw upon the history of the West and Western-centric analogies, which are not necessarily the most relevant for, or compatible with, the context and requirements of Baltic defense. (fpri.org)
  • The most fundamental question to the topic of Baltic defense concerns Russian interest in the Baltic-what are Russian interests and how do they manifest in Russian policy? (fpri.org)
  • Set out on an all-encompassing adventure of the Baltic capitals-journeying from Warsaw to Riga and on to Tallinn. (insightvacations.com)
  • Two to three hundred years later, once the power of the Mongol Golden Horde receded, Muscovy emerged as the leading Russian state and developed a largely economic interest in Livonia, home of Hanseatic cities such as Riga and Reval (Tallinn) which were important to Baltic commerce. (fpri.org)
  • This situation only changed starting in 1200 when the German crusaders began carving out their own niche, Livonia, German dominion pushed out informal Russian influence, and the Baltic was irrevocably stamped as culturally western in its physical environment and worldview. (fpri.org)
  • Aftermath of World War I Baltische Landeswehr Freikorps in the Baltic "[The Unending War? (wikipedia.org)
  • The report helps develop a clearer picture of where we are and how things are connected, supporting coordinated and effective measures to strengthen the Baltic Sea environment. (helcom.fi)
  • In the future, this will lead to the absolute defenselessness of Europe to the outside world and complete dependence on the United States. (opednews.com)
  • Although under fire in Europe, the Russian TV network, which is operated by Russian state media group Rossiya Segodnya, continues to beam its message to a large audience in Washington and Los Angeles thanks to its American sub-contractors. (intelligenceonline.com)
  • LONDON - When it comes to tech, Europe likes to compare itself to the United States and China - a continent-sized digital giant ready to roar. (baltic-review.com)
  • Whether Iceland or new EU member states in Central Europe, my post yesterday only indicated the basic premises for the euro currency, by a quote from the Preamble of the Treaty on European Union (TEU). (blogspot.com)
  • The GISTAR study is a large multicentre randomized trial to evaluate the effect of preventive strategies in decreasing mortality from gastric cancer in high-risk areas, especially in the Baltic States and Eastern Europe. (who.int)
  • A subscription to The Baltic Times is a cost-effective way of staying in touch with the latest Baltic news and views enabling you full access from anywhere with an Internet connection. (baltictimes.com)
  • Investors from the United States have been quick off the mark to take advantage of the reluctance among the region's techies to look beyond country borders. (baltic-review.com)
  • 2. Considerable efforts have thus been made during several decades to improve the state of the Baltic Sea but the ecological degradation is continuing at an alarming rate. (coe.int)
  • Experts summarized information about available publications and articles about ecological construction materials in Baltic States and Germany. (bef.lv)
  • General public (consumers) In a frame of the project the data base was developed and it contains various information related to application of ecological construction materials and energy efficient houses in the Baltic States and Germany. (bef.lv)
  • The state was proclaimed on 12 April 1918, but without actually controlling the claimed territory. (wikipedia.org)
  • Already on 22 September 1918 it was merged with the Duchy of Courland and Semigallia into the United Baltic Duchy. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Baltic States after 1918. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Baltic states are stepping up coordinated efforts to identify people among their populations who have been recruited by Russian intelligence agencies, say officials. (voanews.com)
  • Barber appears to be as puzzled as I am over the fact that the Baltic states have laboured hard to become members of the European Union and to prepare for adoption of the single currency. (blogspot.com)
  • Rather, these decision makers should use or study Baltic strategic history. (fpri.org)
  • Latvian national airline airBaltic will organize a repatriation flight from the United Kingdom on December 28, Foreign Minister Edgars Rinkevics said after a video conference with his Baltic counterparts today, informs LETA. (baltic-course.com)
  • Initially, 4,875 medics will be vaccinated against Covid-19 in Latvia, said State Medicines Agency (ZVA) director Svens Henkuzens in a press conference today, informs LETA. (baltic-course.com)
  • The first batch of Covid-19 vaccines that will be delivered to Latvia shortly is expected to contain 9,750 doses of the Pfizer-BioNtech vaccine, LETA was told at the State Medicines Agency. (baltic-course.com)
  • 5. The question of the 'general obligations of states to apply the precautionary principle and promote sustainable development, protect the environment and prevent transfrontier pollution' was raised in Recommendation 1431 (1999) adopted by the Standing Committee in November 1999. (coe.int)
  • The Baltic Sea is influenced by a multitude of human activities, regulated by a patchwork of international and national regulations and authorities. (sott.net)
  • It is interesting to compare in this light the stocks that will be included on the Baltic List as of the new year. (baltictimes.com)
  • This project is a next step of the Baltic Environmental Forum (BEF) Group for fostering the development of energy saving and environmentally sound construction of buildings in the Baltic States. (bef.lv)
  • The studies Action (4.8.9-0008-LTPL-S-M-19) is part of the Baltic Synchronisation Project Phase II. (europa.eu)
  • Elmurod's main interests focus on governance in post-Soviet societies, rule of law and corruption, and state-society relations. (lu.se)

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