Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a medical condition that occurs when a blood clot (thrombus) breaks off from a vein in the leg, arm, or pelvis and travels through the bloodstream to the lungs. The clot can block one or more of the small blood vessels in the lungs, which can lead to reduced blood flow and oxygen supply to the lungs. The symptoms of pulmonary embolism can vary depending on the size and location of the clot, but common symptoms include shortness of breath, chest pain or discomfort, coughing, and rapid heartbeat. In severe cases, pulmonary embolism can lead to shock, respiratory failure, and even death. Diagnosis of pulmonary embolism typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and imaging tests such as chest X-ray, computed tomography (CT) scan, or ultrasound. Treatment for pulmonary embolism typically involves anticoagulant medications to prevent the formation of new blood clots and dissolve existing ones, as well as oxygen therapy and supportive care. In some cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to remove the clot.

Embolism is a medical condition that occurs when a blood clot or other material travels through the bloodstream and becomes lodged in a blood vessel, blocking the flow of blood to a particular area of the body. This can cause a range of symptoms, depending on the location and size of the clot, and can lead to serious health problems if left untreated. There are several types of embolism, including: 1. Pulmonary embolism: This occurs when a blood clot lodges in the lungs, which can cause shortness of breath, chest pain, and other symptoms. 2. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT): This occurs when a blood clot forms in a deep vein, usually in the legs, and can cause pain, swelling, and redness in the affected area. 3. Arterial embolism: This occurs when a blood clot lodges in an artery, which can cause tissue damage or organ failure. Embolism can be caused by a variety of factors, including blood clots that form in the veins of the legs (deep vein thrombosis), blood clots that form in the heart (cardiac embolism), or air bubbles that enter the bloodstream during surgery or other medical procedures. Treatment for embolism typically involves anticoagulant medications to dissolve the clot, or in some cases, surgical intervention to remove the clot or repair the affected blood vessel.