The type species of the genus MICROVIRUS. A prototype of the small virulent DNA coliphages, it is composed of a single strand of supercoiled circular DNA, which on infection, is converted to a double-stranded replicative form by a host enzyme.
Virulent bacteriophage and sole member of the genus Cystovirus that infects Pseudomonas species. The virion has a segmented genome consisting of three pieces of doubled-stranded DNA and also a unique lipid-containing envelope.
Viruses whose hosts are bacterial cells.
Viruses whose host is Escherichia coli.
Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.
Viruses whose nucleic acid is DNA.
Viruses whose host is Bacillus. Frequently encountered Bacillus phages include bacteriophage phi 29 and bacteriophage phi 105.
Proteins found in any species of virus.
The phenomenon by which a temperate phage incorporates itself into the DNA of a bacterial host, establishing a kind of symbiotic relation between PROPHAGE and bacterium which results in the perpetuation of the prophage in all the descendants of the bacterium. Upon induction (VIRUS ACTIVATION) by various agents, such as ultraviolet radiation, the phage is released, which then becomes virulent and lyses the bacterium.
A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.
A single chain of deoxyribonucleotides that occurs in some bacteria and viruses. It usually exists as a covalently closed circle.
The process by which a DNA molecule is duplicated.
A family of bacteriophages containing one genus (Cystovirus) with one member (BACTERIOPHAGE PHI 6).
The functional hereditary units of VIRUSES.
Bacteriophages whose genetic material is RNA, which is single-stranded in all except the Pseudomonas phage phi 6 (BACTERIOPHAGE PHI 6). All RNA phages infect their host bacteria via the host's surface pili. Some frequently encountered RNA phages are: BF23, F2, R17, fr, PhiCb5, PhiCb12r, PhiCb8r, PhiCb23r, 7s, PP7, Q beta phage, MS2 phage, and BACTERIOPHAGE PHI 6.
Virulent bacteriophage and type species of the genus T4-like phages, in the family MYOVIRIDAE. It infects E. coli and is the best known of the T-even phages. Its virion contains linear double-stranded DNA, terminally redundant and circularly permuted.
The folding of an organism's DNA molecule into a compact, orderly structure that fits within the limited space of a CELL or VIRUS PARTICLE.
The process of intracellular viral multiplication, consisting of the synthesis of PROTEINS; NUCLEIC ACIDS; and sometimes LIPIDS, and their assembly into a new infectious particle.
Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.
The adhesion of gases, liquids, or dissolved solids onto a surface. It includes adsorptive phenomena of bacteria and viruses onto surfaces as well. ABSORPTION into the substance may follow but not necessarily.
A temperate inducible phage and type species of the genus lambda-like viruses, in the family SIPHOVIRIDAE. Its natural host is E. coli K12. Its VIRION contains linear double-stranded DNA with single-stranded 12-base 5' sticky ends. The DNA circularizes on infection.
The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.
Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS.
Enzymes that are part of the restriction-modification systems. They catalyze the endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA sequences which lack the species-specific methylation pattern in the host cell's DNA. Cleavage yields random or specific double-stranded fragments with terminal 5'-phosphates. The function of restriction enzymes is to destroy any foreign DNA that invades the host cell. Most have been studied in bacterial systems, but a few have been found in eukaryotic organisms. They are also used as tools for the systematic dissection and mapping of chromosomes, in the determination of base sequences of DNAs, and have made it possible to splice and recombine genes from one organism into the genome of another. EC 3.21.1.
Any of the covalently closed DNA molecules found in bacteria, many viruses, mitochondria, plastids, and plasmids. Small, polydisperse circular DNA's have also been observed in a number of eukaryotic organisms and are suggested to have homology with chromosomal DNA and the capacity to be inserted into, and excised from, chromosomal DNA. It is a fragment of DNA formed by a process of looping out and deletion, containing a constant region of the mu heavy chain and the 3'-part of the mu switch region. Circular DNA is a normal product of rearrangement among gene segments encoding the variable regions of immunoglobulin light and heavy chains, as well as the T-cell receptor. (Riger et al., Glossary of Genetics, 5th ed & Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)
A species of gram-positive bacteria that is a common soil and water saprophyte.
Virulent bacteriophage and type species of the genus T7-like phages, in the family PODOVIRIDAE, that infects E. coli. It consists of linear double-stranded DNA, terminally redundant, and non-permuted.
A category of nucleic acid sequences that function as units of heredity and which code for the basic instructions for the development, reproduction, and maintenance of organisms.
Separation of particles according to density by employing a gradient of varying densities. At equilibrium each particle settles in the gradient at a point equal to its density. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
A series of 7 virulent phages which infect E. coli. The T-even phages T2, T4; (BACTERIOPHAGE T4), and T6, and the phage T5 are called "autonomously virulent" because they cause cessation of all bacterial metabolism on infection. Phages T1, T3; (BACTERIOPHAGE T3), and T7; (BACTERIOPHAGE T7) are called "dependent virulent" because they depend on continued bacterial metabolism during the lytic cycle. The T-even phages contain 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in place of ordinary cytosine in their DNA.
Viruses whose host is Staphylococcus.
Viruses whose host is Pseudomonas. A frequently encountered Pseudomonas phage is BACTERIOPHAGE PHI 6.
A temperate coliphage, in the genus Mu-like viruses, family MYOVIRIDAE, composed of a linear, double-stranded molecule of DNA, which is able to insert itself randomly at any point on the host chromosome. It frequently causes a mutation by interrupting the continuity of the bacterial OPERON at the site of insertion.
Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.
The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.
The outer protein protective shell of a virus, which protects the viral nucleic acid.
RNA consisting of two strands as opposed to the more prevalent single-stranded RNA. Most of the double-stranded segments are formed from transcription of DNA by intramolecular base-pairing of inverted complementary sequences separated by a single-stranded loop. Some double-stranded segments of RNA are normal in all organisms.
The development of anatomical structures to create the form of a single- or multi-cell organism. Morphogenesis provides form changes of a part, parts, or the whole organism.
The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.
A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria widely distributed in nature. Some species are pathogenic for humans, animals, and plants.
The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.
Rupture of bacterial cells due to mechanical force, chemical action, or the lytic growth of BACTERIOPHAGES.
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Ribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.
A species of temperate bacteriophage in the genus P2-like viruses, family MYOVIRIDAE, which infects E. coli. It consists of linear double-stranded DNA with 19-base sticky ends.
Viruses whose host is Streptococcus.
Temperate bacteriophage of the genus INOVIRUS which infects enterobacteria, especially E. coli. It is a filamentous phage consisting of single-stranded DNA and is circularly permuted.
The complete genetic complement contained in a DNA or RNA molecule in a virus.
The spatial arrangement of the atoms of a nucleic acid or polynucleotide that results in its characteristic 3-dimensional shape.
Bacteriophage in the genus T7-like phages, of the family PODOVIRIDAE, which is very closely related to BACTERIOPHAGE T7.
Macromolecular molds for the synthesis of complementary macromolecules, as in DNA REPLICATION; GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION of DNA to RNA, and GENETIC TRANSLATION of RNA into POLYPEPTIDES.
Enzymes that catalyze DNA template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand one nucleotide at a time. They can initiate a chain de novo. In eukaryotes, three forms of the enzyme have been distinguished on the basis of sensitivity to alpha-amanitin, and the type of RNA synthesized. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992).
A technique of bacterial typing which differentiates between bacteria or strains of bacteria by their susceptibility to one or more bacteriophages.
A species of temperate bacteriophage in the genus P1-like viruses, family MYOVIRIDAE, which infects E. coli. It is the largest of the COLIPHAGES and consists of double-stranded DNA, terminally redundant, and circularly permuted.
Electron microscopy involving rapid freezing of the samples. The imaging of frozen-hydrated molecules and organelles permits the best possible resolution closest to the living state, free of chemical fixatives or stains.
The transfer of bacterial DNA by phages from an infected bacterium to another bacterium. This also refers to the transfer of genes into eukaryotic cells by viruses. This naturally occurring process is routinely employed as a GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUE.
A family of BACTERIOPHAGES and ARCHAEAL VIRUSES which are characterized by long, non-contractile tails.

Bacteriophage inactivation at the air-water-solid interface in dynamic batch systems. (1/413)

Bacteriophages have been widely used as surrogates for human enteric viruses in many studies on virus transport and fate. In this investigation, the fates of three bacteriophages, MS2, R17, and phiX174, were studied in a series of dynamic batch experiments. Both MS2 and R17 readily underwent inactivation in batch experiments where solutions of each phage were percolated through tubes packed with varying ratios of glass and Teflon beads. MS2 and R17 inactivation was the result of exposure to destructive forces at the dynamic air-water-solid interface. phiX174, however, did not undergo inactivation in similar studies, suggesting that this phage does not accumulate at air-water interfaces or is not affected by interfacial forces in the same manner. Other batch experiments showed that MS2 and R17 were increasingly inactivated during mixing in polypropylene tubes as the ionic strength of the solution was raised (phiX174 was not affected). By the addition of Tween 80 to suspensions of MS2 and R17, phage inactivation was prevented. Our data suggest that viral inactivation in simple dynamic batch experiments is dependent upon (i) the presence of a dynamic air-water-solid interface (where the solid is a hydrophobic surface), (ii) the ionic strength of the solution, (iii) the concentration of surface active compounds in the solution, and (iv) the type of virus used.  (+info)

Replication fork assembly at recombination intermediates is required for bacterial growth. (2/413)

PriA, a 3' --> 5' DNA helicase, directs assembly of a primosome on some bacteriophage and plasmid DNAs. Primosomes are multienzyme replication machines that contribute both the DNA-unwinding and Okazaki fragment-priming functions at the replication fork. The role of PriA in chromosomal replication is unclear. The phenotypes of priA null mutations suggest that the protein participates in replication restart at recombination intermediates. We show here that PriA promotes replication fork assembly at a D loop, an intermediate formed during initiation of homologous recombination. We also show that DnaC810, encoded by a naturally arising intergenic suppressor allele of the priA2::kan mutation, bypasses the need for PriA during replication fork assembly at D loops in vitro. These findings underscore the essentiality of replication fork restart at recombination intermediates under normal growth conditions in bacteria.  (+info)

Virus passage through track-etch membranes modified by salinity and a nonionic surfactant. (3/413)

Why do viruses sometimes not pass through larger pores in track-etch filters? Increasing the salinity (0.8 to 160 mM Na+) decreased phiX174 and PRD1 passage through track-etch polycarbonate membranes (sodium dodecyl sulfate coated but not polyvinylpyrrolidone coated) and PRD1 passage through polyester membranes. Undiminished passage when 0.1% Tween 80 was added implied that nonionic virus adsorption occurred and indicated that high levels of salinity decreased virus passage by decreasing electrostatic repulsion that prevented adsorption.  (+info)

Different trajectories of parallel evolution during viral adaptation. (4/413)

The molecular basis of adaptation is a major focus of evolutionary biology, yet the dynamic process of adaptation has been explored only piecemeal. Experimental evolution of two bacteriophage lines under strong selection led to over a dozen nucleotide changes genomewide in each replicate. At least 96 percent of the amino acid substitutions appeared to be adaptive, and half the changes in one line also occurred in the other. However, the order of these changes differed between replicates, and parallel substitutions did not reflect the changes with the largest beneficial effects or indicate a common trajectory of adaptation.  (+info)

Evolutionary reversals during viral adaptation to alternating hosts. (5/413)

Experimental adaptation of the bacteriophage phiX174 to a Salmonella host depressed its ability to grow on the traditional Escherichia host, whereas adaptation to Escherichia did not appreciably affect growth on Salmonella. Continued host switching consistently exhibited this pattern. Growth inhibition on Escherichia resulted from two to three substitutions in the major capsid gene. When these phages were forced to grow again on Escherichia, fitness recovery occurred predominantly by reversions at these same sites, rather than by second-site compensatory changes, the more frequently observed mechanism in most microbial systems. The affected residues lie on the virion surface and they alter attachment efficiency, yet they occur in a region distinct from a putative binding region previously identified from X-ray crystallography. These residues not only experienced high rates of evolution in our experiments, but also exhibited high levels of radical amino acid variation among phiX174 and its known relatives, consistent with a history of adaptation involving these sites.  (+info)

Transfer of immune complexes from erythrocyte CR1 to mouse macrophages. (6/413)

We are developing a potential therapeutic approach for removing pathogens from the circulation of primates in which the pathogen is bound to the complement receptor (CR1) on E using a bispecific mAb complex, a heteropolymer (HP). We have used mAb this approach to demonstrate that cleared prototype pathogens are localized to, phagocytosed in, and destroyed in the liver. Extension of this work to a clinical setting will require a detailed understanding of the mechanism by which the E-bound immune complex substrates are transferred to fixed tissue macrophages in the liver, the transfer reaction. Therefore, we examined an in vitro system to study this process using bacteriophage phiX174 as a model pathogen. E containing phiX174 (bound via an anti-CR1/anti-phiX174 HP) were incubated with P388D1 murine macrophages, and the two cell types were separated by centrifugation through Ficoll. Both E and macrophages were then probed and analyzed by RIA or flow cytometry. The results indicate that all three components of the E-bound IC (phiX174, HP, and CR1) were removed from the E and internalized by the macrophages. We found that transfer requires the Fc portion of IgG, because little transfer of phiX174 occurs when it is bound to E CR1 using a HP containing only Fab fragments. These findings, taken in the context of other studies, suggest a general mechanism for the transfer reaction in which Fc receptors facilitate close juxtaposition of the macrophage to the E-bound IC which then allows a macrophage-associated protease to cleave CR1. The released IC are then internalized and processed by the macrophages.  (+info)

Purification and characterization of DnaC810, a primosomal protein capable of bypassing PriA function. (7/413)

Escherichia coli strains lacking PriA are severely compromised in their ability to repair UV-damaged DNA and to perform homologous recombination. These phenotypes arise because of a lack of PriA-directed replication fork assembly at recombination intermediates such as D-loops. Naturally arising suppressor mutations in dnaC restore strains carrying the priA2::kan null allele to wild-type function. We have cloned one such gene, dnaC810, and overexpressed, purified, and characterized the DnaC810 protein. DnaC810 can support a PriA-independent synthesis of phiX174 complementary strand DNA. This can be attributed to its ability, unlike wild-type DnaC, to catalyze a SSB-insensitive general priming reaction with DnaB and DnaG on any SSB-coated single-stranded DNA. Gel mobility shift analysis revealed that DnaC810 could load DnaB directly to SSB-coated single-stranded DNA as well as to D loop DNA. This explains the ability of DnaC810 to bypass the requirement for PriA, PriB, PriC, and DnaT during replication fork assembly at recombination intermediates.  (+info)

Characterization of the binding of spike H protein of bacteriophage phiX174 with receptor lipopolysaccharides. (8/413)

The spike H protein of bacteriophage phiX174 was prepared as a hexa histidine-tagged fusion (HisH). On enzyme-linked plate assaying, HisH was found to bind specifically to the lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) of phiX174-sensitive strains, Escherichia coli C and Salmonella typhimurium Ra chemotype, having the complete oligosaccharide sequence of the R-core on the LPSs. In sharp contrast, HisH bound weakly to the LPSs of phiX174-insensitive strains, i.e. E. coli F583 (Rd(2)) lacking some terminal saccharides and E. coli O111: B4 (smooth strain) having additional O-repeats on the R-core. The fluorescence spectra of HisH changed dose-dependently in the case of the LPS of E. coli C, the intensity increasing and the emission peak shifting to the shorter wavelength side, which was attributable to the hydrophobic interaction of HisH with the LPS. The binding equilibrium was analyzed by fluorometric titration to determine the dissociation constant K(d), 7.02 +/- 0.37 microM, and the Gibbs free energy change DeltaG(0), -29.1 kJ mol(-1) (at 22 degrees C, pH 7.4). Based on the temperature dependence of (K)d in a van't Hoff plot, the standard enthalpy change DeltaH(0) and the entropy change DeltaS(0) were calculated to be +23.7 kJ mol(-1) and 179 J mol(-1) K(-1) at 22 degrees C, respectively, and this binding was thereby concluded to be an entropy-driven reaction.  (+info)

Fiers W, Sinsheimer RL (October 1962). "The structure of the DNA of bacteriophage phi-X174. III. Ultracentrifugal evidence for ... January 1992). "Atomic structure of single-stranded DNA bacteriophage phi X174 and its functional implications". Nature. 355 ( ... A protein of bacteriophage phi X174 into an ATT codon yields a viable phage indicating that A protein is not essential for phi ... February 1977). "Nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage phi X174 DNA". Nature. 265 (5596): 687-95. Bibcode:1977Natur.265..687S. ...
In 2003 the same group synthetically assembled the genome of a virus, Phi X 174 bacteriophage. Smith is scientific director of ...
In 2003 the 5386 bp genome of the bacteriophage Phi X 174 was assembled in about two weeks. In 2006, the same team, at the J. ... Chan, Leon Y.; Kosuri, Sriram; Endy, Drew (2005). "Refactoring bacteriophage T7". Molecular Systems Biology. 1: 2005.0018. doi: ... phiX174 bacteriophage from synthetic oligonucleotides". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of ... "A fully decompressed synthetic bacteriophage øX174 genome assembled and archived in yeast". Virology. 434 (2): 278-284. doi: ...
Sanger and his team of scientists created a library of the bacteriophage, phi X 174, for use in DNA sequencing. The importance ... Bacteriophage P1 vectors can hold inserts 70 - 100kb in size. They begin as linear DNA molecules packaged into bacteriophage P1 ... February 1977). "Nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage phi X174 DNA". Nature. 265 (5596): 687-95. Bibcode:1977Natur.265..687S. ... Cosmid vectors are plasmids that contain a small region of bacteriophage λ DNA called the cos sequence. This sequence allows ...
Phages (infecting prokaryotes): Escherichia virus Lambda (Phage lambda) Bacteriophage Phi X 174, its genome was the first ever ...
... in patients with antibody deficiencies and the in vivo analysis of antibody production using bacteriophage Phi X 174. He and ...
... as well as studying the bacteriophage Phi X 174. It was also here, the Medical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular ...
... phi X174, G4 and phi K" Biochim Biophys Acta 1130(3) 277-288 Aoyama A, Hayashi M (1986) Synthesis of bacteriophage phi X174 in ... Keegstra W, Baas PD, Jansz HS (1979) Bacteriophage phi X174 RF DNA replication in vivo. A study by electron microscopy" J Mol ... Tessman ES, Tessman I, Pollock TJ (1980) Gene K of bacteriophage phi X 174 codes for a nonessential protein" J Virol 33(1) 557- ... A protein of bacteriophage phi X174 into an ATT codon yields a viable phage indicating that A protein is not essential for phi ...
... bacteriophage p1 MeSH B04.123.205.305 - bacteriophage p2 MeSH B04.123.205.320 - bacteriophage phi x 174 MeSH B04.123.205.350 - ... bacteriophage t4 MeSH B04.123.205.891.230 - bacteriophage t7 MeSH B04.123.230.070 - bacteriophage phi 6 MeSH B04.123.370.400 - ... bacteriophage phi 6 MeSH B04.123.691.230 - cystoviridae MeSH B04.123.691.230.070 - bacteriophage phi 6 MeSH B04.123.691.600 - ... bacteriophage n4 MeSH B04.123.150.700.070 - bacteriophage p22 MeSH B04.123.150.700.100 - bacteriophage t3 MeSH B04.123.150.700. ...
Clerch, B., E. Rivera, and M. Llagostera, Bacteriophage PSP3 and phi R73 activator proteins: analysis of promoter specificities ... The P2-like bacteriophages. In R. Calendar (ed.), The bacteriophages. Oxford Press, Oxford, 2005: p. 365-390 Lindahl, G., ... Bacteriophage P2 was first isolated by G. Bertani from the Lisbonne and Carrère strain of E. coli in 1951. Since that time, a ... Bacteriophage P2, scientific name Escherichia virus P2, is a temperate phage that infects E. coli. It is a tailed virus with a ...
Feb 1977). "Nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage phi X174 DNA". Nature. 265 (5596): 687-95. Bibcode:1977Natur.265..687S. doi: ... 1972: Walter Fiers and his team were the first to determine the sequence of a gene: the gene for bacteriophage MS2 coat protein ... Sanger's lab sequence the entire genome of bacteriophage Φ-X174. In the late 1970s: nonisotopic methods of nucleic acid ... Hershey, AD; Chase, M (May 1952). "Independent functions of viral protein and nucleic acid in growth of bacteriophage". J. Gen ...
PCA was used to generate the first synthetic genome in history, that of the Phi X 174 virus. The gibson assembly method, ... φX174 bacteriophage from synthetic oligonucleotides". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 100 (26): 15440-15445. ...
PCA was used to generate the first synthetic genome in history, that of the Phi X 174 virus. The Gibson assembly method, ... φX174 bacteriophage from synthetic oligonucleotides". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 100 (26): 15440-15445. ...
doi:10.1094/PHI-I-2004-0330-01. Westwood, James H.; Yoder, John I.; Timko, Michael P.; dePamphilis, Claude W. (2010). "The ... Most viruses are bacteriophages, infecting bacteria. Parasitism is a major aspect of evolutionary ecology; for example, almost ... and in the way that bacteriophages can limit bacterial infections. It is likely, though little researched, that most pathogenic ... 18 (2): 173-174. doi:10.1016/j.idc.2004.01.001. PMID 15145374. Cheng, Thomas C. (1973). General Parasitology. Academic Press. ...
Instead, he attended the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he joined the Pi Lambda Phi fraternity. Although he ... "Mapping experiments with r mutants of bacteriophage T4D". Genetics (published February 1962). 47 (2): 179-86. doi:10.1093/ ... 171-174. "I love my wife. My wife is dead". Letters of Note. February 15, 2012. Archived from the original on April 22, 2013. ...
MeSH Terms: Adenosine Triphosphatases/metabolism; Bacteriophage phi X 174/genetics; Binding Sites; DNA, Single-Stranded/ ...
Immunologic responses to bacteriophage phi-X 174 in immunodeficiency diseases.. Ochs HD; Davis SD; Wedgwood RJ. J Clin Invest; ...
Bacteriophage. Phi-X174. no penetration at 2 psi(13.8 kPa). 1 In order of increasing protection2 American Association of ... Phi-X174 bacteriophage penetration as a test system.. ISO 16604-. Clothing for protection against contact with blood and body ... Phi-X174 bacteriophage has nearly spherical morphology similar to HIV, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C. At 27 nm in diameter, it ... Bacteriophage. (Phi-X174) challenge suspension. Determines the ability of a material to resist the penetration of a ...
Bacteriophages [B04.123] * Microviridae [B04.123.470] * Microvirus [B04.123.470.500] * Bacteriophage phi X 174 [B04.123.470.500 ... Bacteriophages [B04.123] * Coliphages [B04.123.205] * Bacteriophage HK022 [B04.123.205.200] * Bacteriophage lambda [B04.123. ... Bacteriophage phi X 174 Preferred Term Term UI T031252. Date01/01/1999. LexicalTag NON. ThesaurusID NLM (1980). ... Bacteriophage phi X 174 Preferred Concept UI. M0016449. Registry Number. txid10847. Scope Note. The type species of the genus ...
Test method using Phi-X 174 bacteriophage" Title "Clothing for protection against contact with blood and body fluids -- ...
Bacteriophage N4 B04.123.205.300 Bacteriophage P1 B04.123.205.305 Bacteriophage P2 B04.123.205.320 Bacteriophage phi X 174 ... Bacteriophage phi 6 B04.123.691 RNA Phages B04.123.691.230 Cystoviridae B04.123.691.230.070 Bacteriophage phi 6 B04.123.691.600 ... Bacteriophage mu B04.123.150.500.300 Bacteriophage P1 B04.123.150.500.305 Bacteriophage P2 B04.123.150.500.350 Bacteriophage T4 ... Bacteriophage mu B04.280.090.500.300 Bacteriophage P1 B04.280.090.500.305 Bacteriophage P2 B04.280.090.500.350 Bacteriophage T4 ...
Bacteriophages [B04.123] * Microviridae [B04.123.470] * Microvirus [B04.123.470.500] * Bacteriophage phi X 174 [B04.123.470.500 ... Bacteriophages [B04.123] * Coliphages [B04.123.205] * Bacteriophage HK022 [B04.123.205.200] * Bacteriophage lambda [B04.123. ... Bacteriophage phi X 174 Preferred Term Term UI T031252. Date01/01/1999. LexicalTag NON. ThesaurusID NLM (1980). ... Bacteriophage phi X 174 Preferred Concept UI. M0016449. Registry Number. txid10847. Scope Note. The type species of the genus ...
Bacteriophage phi X 174 - Preferred Concept UI. M0016449. Scope note. The type species of the genus MICROVIRUS. A prototype of ... Bacteriophage phi X 174 Entry term(s). Coliphage phi X 174 Enterobacteria phage phi X 174 Phage phi X 174 Phage phi X174 phi X ... use BACTERIOPHAGE PHI X 174 to search PHI X 174 1980-93 & PHAGE PHI X 174 1980-92. ... BACTERIOPHAGE PHI X 174 was see PHAGE PHI X 174 1980-92. ... Bacteriophage phi X 174 Descriptor Spanish: Bacteriófago phi X ...
Bacteriophages T2, T4, T7, M13, P1, ΦX174 (Phi X 174), and λ (Lambda), unless containing a virulence factor (see ... below),/li> ,li>Phagemids,/li> ,/ul>,/td> ,td>,ul>,li>Other viruses and bacteriophages,/li>,/ul>,/td> ,/tr> ,tr> ,td>,ul>,li> ...
Test method using Phi-X174 bacteriophage. The detection of any penetration constitutes a test failure. ... The glove is only confirmed as protective against viruses if there is zero penetration of bacteriophage into the other side of ... for Resistance of Materials Used in Protective Clothing to Penetration by Blood-Borne Pathogens Using Phi-X174 Bacteriophage ... whereby a sample of glove material is placed in a test cell with a bacteriophage under pressure one side. ...
Nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage phi X174 DNA. Nature. 265(5596):687-95. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/265687a0 [ Links ] ... As proof of concept, his team sequenced the genome of a bacteriophage Sanger et al.20. It was a very small genome, but it was a ... 9. Hershey AD, Chase M. Independent functions of viral protein and nucleic acid in growth of bacteriophage. J Gen Physiol. 1952 ... This discovery was further confirmed by Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase when they showed that bacteriophages inject their DNA ...
A more detailed explanation on the Phi-Psi Maps can be found on the Phi-Psi Explorer tab of any Info Page. ... Bacteriophage Φ-X 174 (2bpa) Microvirus, Microviridae. PBCV-1 Virus Capsid (1m4x) Chlorovirus, Phycodnaviridae ... This can be seen already in the Info Page, specifically in the 3D IAU (Icosahedral Asymmetric Unit) and Phi-Psi Explorer ... X-ray structure of the entire lipid-containing bacteriophage pm2 (2w0c), Corticoviridae. Poliovirus/Receptor Complex (1nn8) ...
Bacteriophage XM1 is a dsDNA virus belonging to the Myoviridae family and infecting Vibrio bacteria. The XM1 virion, made of 18 ... Bacteriófago phi X 174/ultraestrutura , Capsídeo/ultraestrutura , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador/estatística ... Tailed bacteriophages (phages) are one of the most abundant life forms on Earth. They encode highly efficient molecular ... Bacteriophage T4 is a model virus, well studied genetically and biochemically, but its structure determination has been ...
Bacteriophage phi 6 B4.123.230.70 Badnavirus B4.715.68 Bahrain Z1.586.500.175 Balloon Embolectomy E5.157.32 Balloon Occlusion ... E5.318.308.980.438.580.174 N2.421.143.827.233.443.62 L1.280.960.500.580.174 N5.715.360.300.375.500.174 N5.715.360.300.800.438. ... K1.752.566.479.174 K1.752.566.479.120 N5.350.835 Hunger G7.610.390 G7.203.650.390 Huntington Disease F3.87.250.400 F3.615. ... D12.776.260.698.750.350.174 D12.776.930.669.750.350.174 Estrogen Receptor beta D12.776.260.698.750.350.262 D12.776.930.669. ...
Bacteriophage N4 Bacteriophage P1 Bacteriophage P2 Bacteriophage P22 Bacteriophage Pf1 Bacteriophage phi 6 Bacteriophage phi X ... Bacteriophage PRD1 Bacteriophage T3 Bacteriophage T4 Bacteriophage T7 Bacteriophage Typing Bacteriophages Bacteriorhodopsins ... Bacteriophage HK022 Bacteriophage IKe Bacteriophage lambda Bacteriophage M13 Bacteriophage mu ... P1 Bacteriophage Chromosomes, Artificial, Yeast Chromosomes, Bacterial Chromosomes, Fungal Chromosomes, Human Chromosomes, ...
... mu Bacteriophage N4 Bacteriophage P1 Bacteriophage P2 Bacteriophage P22 Bacteriophage Pf1 Bacteriophage phi 6 Bacteriophage phi ... Bacteriology Bacteriolysis Bacteriophage HK022 Bacteriophage IKe Bacteriophage lambda Bacteriophage M13 Bacteriophage ... P1 Bacteriophage Chromosomes, Artificial, Yeast Chromosomes, Bacterial Chromosomes, Fungal Chromosomes, Human Chromosomes, ... Hormones Peptide Hydrolases Peptide Initiation Factors Peptide Library Peptide Mapping Peptide Nucleic Acids Peptide PHI ...
3 IN-FRAME N-TERMINALLY DIFFERENT PROTEINS ARE PRODUCED FROM THE REPRESSOR LOCUS OF THE STREPTOMYCES BACTERIOPHAGE-PHI-C31. ... McLean, C. E., Schofield, N., Brown, D. J., Jolley, D. W. & Reid, A., 1 May 2017, In: Journal of the Geological Society . 174, ...
Bacteriophage phi 6 B4.123.230.70 Badnavirus B4.715.68 Bahrain Z1.586.500.175 Balloon Embolectomy E5.157.32 Balloon Occlusion ... E5.318.308.980.438.580.174 N2.421.143.827.233.443.62 L1.280.960.500.580.174 N5.715.360.300.375.500.174 N5.715.360.300.800.438. ... K1.752.566.479.174 K1.752.566.479.120 N5.350.835 Hunger G7.610.390 G7.203.650.390 Huntington Disease F3.87.250.400 F3.615. ... D12.776.260.698.750.350.174 D12.776.930.669.750.350.174 Estrogen Receptor beta D12.776.260.698.750.350.262 D12.776.930.669. ...
Bacteriophage phi 6 B4.123.230.70 Badnavirus B4.715.68 Bahrain Z1.586.500.175 Balloon Embolectomy E5.157.32 Balloon Occlusion ... E5.318.308.980.438.580.174 N2.421.143.827.233.443.62 L1.280.960.500.580.174 N5.715.360.300.375.500.174 N5.715.360.300.800.438. ... K1.752.566.479.174 K1.752.566.479.120 N5.350.835 Hunger G7.610.390 G7.203.650.390 Huntington Disease F3.87.250.400 F3.615. ... D12.776.260.698.750.350.174 D12.776.930.669.750.350.174 Estrogen Receptor beta D12.776.260.698.750.350.262 D12.776.930.669. ...
Bacteriophage phi 6 B4.123.230.70 Badnavirus B4.715.68 Bahrain Z1.586.500.175 Balloon Embolectomy E5.157.32 Balloon Occlusion ... E5.318.308.980.438.580.174 N2.421.143.827.233.443.62 L1.280.960.500.580.174 N5.715.360.300.375.500.174 N5.715.360.300.800.438. ... K1.752.566.479.174 K1.752.566.479.120 N5.350.835 Hunger G7.610.390 G7.203.650.390 Huntington Disease F3.87.250.400 F3.615. ... D12.776.260.698.750.350.174 D12.776.930.669.750.350.174 Estrogen Receptor beta D12.776.260.698.750.350.262 D12.776.930.669. ...
J.-S. Hu and A. Bax: Determination of phi and chi1 angles in proteins from 13C-13C three-bond J couplings measured by three- ... M. Zweckstetter and A. Bax: Characterization of molecular alignment in aqueous suspensions of Pf1 bacteriophage. J. Biomol. NMR ... J.H. Lee, J. Ying, and A. Bax: Quantitative evaluation of positive Phi angle propensity in flexible regions of proteins from ... 76, 174-177 (1988). (94.pdf, 309661 Bytes) (DOI). 93. A. Bax, M.F. Summers, W. Egan, N. Guirgis, R. Schneerson, J.B. Robbins, F ...
Persistence of Bacteriophage Phi 6 on Porous and Nonporous Surfaces and the Potential for Its Use as an Ebola Virus or ... The bacteriophage Phi 6 has a phospholipid envelope and is commonly used in environmental studies as a surrogate for human ... The persistence of Phi 6 was evaluated as a surrogate for EBOV and coronaviruses on porous and nonporous hospital surfaces. Phi ... Under these laboratory-simulated western indoor hospital conditions, Phi 6 was used to assess suitability as a surrogate for ...
doi:10.1094/PHI-I-2004-0330-01.. *^ Westwood, James H.; Yoder, John I.; Timko, Michael P.; dePamphilis, Claude W. (2010). "The ... Enterobacteria phage T4 is a bacteriophage virus. It infects its host, Escherichia coli, by injecting its DNA through its tail ... Main articles: Virus and Bacteriophage. Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites, characterised by extremely limited ... and in the way that bacteriophages can limit bacterial infections. It is likely, though little researched, that most pathogenic ...
Bacteriophage N118_L5885_C67.5 *Bacteriophage N127_L5035_C77.3 *Bacteriophage N88_L5317_C7.5 *Capybara microvirus 1 *Capybara ... Microviridae phi-CA82 *Microvirus *Microvirus AZ-2020 *Microvirus D_HF2_219 *Microvirus D_HF2_273 *Microvirus D_HF32_302 * ... Wigfec virus K19_174 *Wigfec virus K19_177 *Wigfec virus K19_179 *Wigfec virus K19_180 *Wigfec virus K19_181 *Wigfec virus K19_ ...
MeSH Terms: Amino Acid Sequence; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism*; Bacteriophage M13/genetics; Bacteriophage phi X 174/genetics; ...
Integration of the Bacteriophage Phi-3-T-Coded Thymidylate Synthetase Gene into the Bacillus subtilis Chromosome ... Distribution of Bacteriophage Phi-3-T Homologous Deoxyribonucleic Acid Sequences in Bacillus subtilis 168, Related ... Bacteriophages, and Other Bacillus Species Creator: Stroynowski, Iwona Teresa Date: October 1981 Publisher: American Society ...
Bacteriophage phi X 174 / immunology Actions. * Search in PubMed * Search in MeSH ... Figure 6. Bacteriophage φX174 antibody responses before and after 9 months of PEG-ADA therapy When immunized with a single dose ... Figure 6. Bacteriophage φX174 antibody responses before and after 9 months of PEG-ADA therapy ... and immunization with neoantigen bacteriophage varphiX174 demonstrated a markedly subnormal humoral immune response. Our ...
... bacterio-opsins bacteriophage bacterio-phage bacteriophage Lambda bacteriophage Mu bacteriophage Mu 1 bacteriophage Phi X 174 ... bacteriophages bacterio-phages bacteriophages T bacteriophage T bacteriophage typing bacteriophagia bacteriophagic ... Amphiprion perideraion Amphiprion polymnus Amphiprion sandaracinos Amphiprion xanthurus amphiregulin AMphis AM phis AM phis ... AmphB Amph B Amph-B AMPH-B amphenone B amphetamine amphetamines amphetamine sulfate amphetaminil amphethinile AMphi AM phi ...
... or phi ex. Unlike most DNA, which is found in complementary double-stranded fibers, the DNA of liberated $X-phage particles is ... a bacteriophage called $X 174, ...
Bacteriophage phi 6 B4.123.230.70 Badnavirus B4.715.68 Bahrain Z1.586.500.175 Balloon Embolectomy E5.157.32 Balloon Occlusion ... E5.318.308.980.438.580.174 N2.421.143.827.233.443.62 L1.280.960.500.580.174 N5.715.360.300.375.500.174 N5.715.360.300.800.438. ... K1.752.566.479.174 K1.752.566.479.120 N5.350.835 Hunger G7.610.390 G7.203.650.390 Huntington Disease F3.87.250.400 F3.615. ... D12.776.260.698.750.350.174 D12.776.930.669.750.350.174 Estrogen Receptor beta D12.776.260.698.750.350.262 D12.776.930.669. ...
Bacteriophage phi 6 B4.123.230.70 Badnavirus B4.715.68 Bahrain Z1.586.500.175 Balloon Embolectomy E5.157.32 Balloon Occlusion ... E5.318.308.980.438.580.174 N2.421.143.827.233.443.62 L1.280.960.500.580.174 N5.715.360.300.375.500.174 N5.715.360.300.800.438. ... K1.752.566.479.174 K1.752.566.479.120 N5.350.835 Hunger G7.610.390 G7.203.650.390 Huntington Disease F3.87.250.400 F3.615. ... D12.776.260.698.750.350.174 D12.776.930.669.750.350.174 Estrogen Receptor beta D12.776.260.698.750.350.262 D12.776.930.669. ...
Bacteriophage phi 6 B4.123.230.70 Badnavirus B4.715.68 Bahrain Z1.586.500.175 Balloon Embolectomy E5.157.32 Balloon Occlusion ... E5.318.308.980.438.580.174 N2.421.143.827.233.443.62 L1.280.960.500.580.174 N5.715.360.300.375.500.174 N5.715.360.300.800.438. ... K1.752.566.479.174 K1.752.566.479.120 N5.350.835 Hunger G7.610.390 G7.203.650.390 Huntington Disease F3.87.250.400 F3.615. ... D12.776.260.698.750.350.174 D12.776.930.669.750.350.174 Estrogen Receptor beta D12.776.260.698.750.350.262 D12.776.930.669. ...
... viral inactivation against the phi 6 enveloped bacteriophage and MS2 non-enveloped bacteriophage, respectively, suggesting that ...
In this study, a single bacteriophage, Phi_1, was used to control cholera prophylactically and therapeutically in an infant ... Bacteriophage VP1 is a typing phage used for the phage subtyping of Vibrio cholerae O1 biotype El Tor, but the molecular ... Bacteriophage predation selects for diverse antiphage systems that frequently cluster on mobilizable defense islands in ... ICP2 is a virulent bacteriophage (phage) that preys on Vibrio cholerae. ICP2 was first isolated from cholera patient stool ...
  • Mutation in several different cistrons of bacteriophage phi chi 174 blocks net progeny single-stranded DNA synthesis at the late period of infection (15). (caltech.edu)
  • Asymmetric synthesis of the viral strand of replicative-form DNA at the late period of phi chi infection is completely inhibited in the presence of a low concentration (35mug/ml) of chloramphenicol (which also blocks net single-stranded viral DNA synthesis). (caltech.edu)
  • Given this degree of simplicity, of a bacteriophage like T2 or lambda, it is therefore not at all surprising that these organisms are incapable of a free-living ex- istence, that they are unable to multiply and produce more of their kind except within the confines of a metabolically active host cell. (nih.gov)
  • 11. Immunologic responses to bacteriophage phi-X 174 in immunodeficiency diseases. (nih.gov)
  • Transcript from filmed lecture November 15, 1959 Lecture #46 - Virus Genetics: Bacteriophage by J. Lederberg So far our discussion has emphasized behavior of organisms of a considerable degree of complexity. (nih.gov)
  • The virus just mentioned, phi X 174, has created some excitement in the world of biochemical genetics since it has recently been found that it ie a unique example of a DNA configuration which is one-~stranded. (nih.gov)
  • Bacteriophage XM1 is a dsDNA virus belonging to the Myoviridae family and infecting Vibrio bacteria. (bvsalud.org)
  • Bacteriophage T4 is a model virus, well studied genetically and biochemically, but its structure determination has been challenging because of its large size and unusually prolate-shaped, â ¼1,200-Å-long and â ¼860-Å-wide capsid. (bvsalud.org)
  • In North America, the ability of gloves to protect against micro-organisms is defined by ASTM F 1671, a similar test to ISO 16604, whereby a sample of glove material is placed in a test cell with a bacteriophage under pressure one side. (firemiddleeastmag.com)
  • The glove is only confirmed as protective against viruses if there is zero penetration of bacteriophage into the other side of the test cell. (firemiddleeastmag.com)
  • Contractile injection systems, including bacteriophage tails, pyocins, and bacterial type VI secretion systems, can efficiently penetrate cell envelopes and become potential antibacterial agents. (bvsalud.org)