Bacteriophage phi x 174. Medical search

The type species of the genus MICROVIRUS. A prototype of the small virulent DNA coliphages, it is composed of a single strand of supercoiled circular DNA, which on infection, is converted to a double-stranded replicative form by a host enzyme.

Virulent bacteriophage and sole member of the genus Cystovirus that infects Pseudomonas species. The virion has a segmented genome consisting of three pieces of doubled-stranded DNA and also a unique lipid-containing envelope.

Viruses whose hosts are bacterial cells.

Viruses whose host is Escherichia coli.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.

Viruses whose nucleic acid is DNA.

Viruses whose host is Bacillus. Frequently encountered Bacillus phages include bacteriophage phi 29 and bacteriophage phi 105.

Proteins found in any species of virus.

The phenomenon by which a temperate phage incorporates itself into the DNA of a bacterial host, establishing a kind of symbiotic relation between PROPHAGE and bacterium which results in the perpetuation of the prophage in all the descendants of the bacterium. Upon induction (VIRUS ACTIVATION) by various agents, such as ultraviolet radiation, the phage is released, which then becomes virulent and lyses the bacterium.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

A single chain of deoxyribonucleotides that occurs in some bacteria and viruses. It usually exists as a covalently closed circle.

The process by which a DNA molecule is duplicated.

A family of bacteriophages containing one genus (Cystovirus) with one member (BACTERIOPHAGE PHI 6).

The functional hereditary units of VIRUSES.

Bacteriophages whose genetic material is RNA, which is single-stranded in all except the Pseudomonas phage phi 6 (BACTERIOPHAGE PHI 6). All RNA phages infect their host bacteria via the host's surface pili. Some frequently encountered RNA phages are: BF23, F2, R17, fr, PhiCb5, PhiCb12r, PhiCb8r, PhiCb23r, 7s, PP7, Q beta phage, MS2 phage, and BACTERIOPHAGE PHI 6.

Virulent bacteriophage and type species of the genus T4-like phages, in the family MYOVIRIDAE. It infects E. coli and is the best known of the T-even phages. Its virion contains linear double-stranded DNA, terminally redundant and circularly permuted.

The folding of an organism's DNA molecule into a compact, orderly structure that fits within the limited space of a CELL or VIRUS PARTICLE.

The process of intracellular viral multiplication, consisting of the synthesis of PROTEINS; NUCLEIC ACIDS; and sometimes LIPIDS, and their assembly into a new infectious particle.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

The adhesion of gases, liquids, or dissolved solids onto a surface. It includes adsorptive phenomena of bacteria and viruses onto surfaces as well. ABSORPTION into the substance may follow but not necessarily.

A temperate inducible phage and type species of the genus lambda-like viruses, in the family SIPHOVIRIDAE. Its natural host is E. coli K12. Its VIRION contains linear double-stranded DNA with single-stranded 12-base 5' sticky ends. The DNA circularizes on infection.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS.

Enzymes that are part of the restriction-modification systems. They catalyze the endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA sequences which lack the species-specific methylation pattern in the host cell's DNA. Cleavage yields random or specific double-stranded fragments with terminal 5'-phosphates. The function of restriction enzymes is to destroy any foreign DNA that invades the host cell. Most have been studied in bacterial systems, but a few have been found in eukaryotic organisms. They are also used as tools for the systematic dissection and mapping of chromosomes, in the determination of base sequences of DNAs, and have made it possible to splice and recombine genes from one organism into the genome of another. EC 3.21.1.

Any of the covalently closed DNA molecules found in bacteria, many viruses, mitochondria, plastids, and plasmids. Small, polydisperse circular DNA's have also been observed in a number of eukaryotic organisms and are suggested to have homology with chromosomal DNA and the capacity to be inserted into, and excised from, chromosomal DNA. It is a fragment of DNA formed by a process of looping out and deletion, containing a constant region of the mu heavy chain and the 3'-part of the mu switch region. Circular DNA is a normal product of rearrangement among gene segments encoding the variable regions of immunoglobulin light and heavy chains, as well as the T-cell receptor. (Riger et al., Glossary of Genetics, 5th ed & Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)

A species of gram-positive bacteria that is a common soil and water saprophyte.

Virulent bacteriophage and type species of the genus T7-like phages, in the family PODOVIRIDAE, that infects E. coli. It consists of linear double-stranded DNA, terminally redundant, and non-permuted.

A category of nucleic acid sequences that function as units of heredity and which code for the basic instructions for the development, reproduction, and maintenance of organisms.

Separation of particles according to density by employing a gradient of varying densities. At equilibrium each particle settles in the gradient at a point equal to its density. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A series of 7 virulent phages which infect E. coli. The T-even phages T2, T4; (BACTERIOPHAGE T4), and T6, and the phage T5 are called "autonomously virulent" because they cause cessation of all bacterial metabolism on infection. Phages T1, T3; (BACTERIOPHAGE T3), and T7; (BACTERIOPHAGE T7) are called "dependent virulent" because they depend on continued bacterial metabolism during the lytic cycle. The T-even phages contain 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in place of ordinary cytosine in their DNA.

Viruses whose host is Staphylococcus.

Viruses whose host is Pseudomonas. A frequently encountered Pseudomonas phage is BACTERIOPHAGE PHI 6.

A temperate coliphage, in the genus Mu-like viruses, family MYOVIRIDAE, composed of a linear, double-stranded molecule of DNA, which is able to insert itself randomly at any point on the host chromosome. It frequently causes a mutation by interrupting the continuity of the bacterial OPERON at the site of insertion.

Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.

The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.

The outer protein protective shell of a virus, which protects the viral nucleic acid.

RNA consisting of two strands as opposed to the more prevalent single-stranded RNA. Most of the double-stranded segments are formed from transcription of DNA by intramolecular base-pairing of inverted complementary sequences separated by a single-stranded loop. Some double-stranded segments of RNA are normal in all organisms.

The development of anatomical structures to create the form of a single- or multi-cell organism. Morphogenesis provides form changes of a part, parts, or the whole organism.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria widely distributed in nature. Some species are pathogenic for humans, animals, and plants.

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

Rupture of bacterial cells due to mechanical force, chemical action, or the lytic growth of BACTERIOPHAGES.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Ribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.

A species of temperate bacteriophage in the genus P2-like viruses, family MYOVIRIDAE, which infects E. coli. It consists of linear double-stranded DNA with 19-base sticky ends.

Viruses whose host is Streptococcus.

Temperate bacteriophage of the genus INOVIRUS which infects enterobacteria, especially E. coli. It is a filamentous phage consisting of single-stranded DNA and is circularly permuted.

The complete genetic complement contained in a DNA or RNA molecule in a virus.

The spatial arrangement of the atoms of a nucleic acid or polynucleotide that results in its characteristic 3-dimensional shape.

Bacteriophage in the genus T7-like phages, of the family PODOVIRIDAE, which is very closely related to BACTERIOPHAGE T7.

Macromolecular molds for the synthesis of complementary macromolecules, as in DNA REPLICATION; GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION of DNA to RNA, and GENETIC TRANSLATION of RNA into POLYPEPTIDES.

Enzymes that catalyze DNA template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand one nucleotide at a time. They can initiate a chain de novo. In eukaryotes, three forms of the enzyme have been distinguished on the basis of sensitivity to alpha-amanitin, and the type of RNA synthesized. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992).

A technique of bacterial typing which differentiates between bacteria or strains of bacteria by their susceptibility to one or more bacteriophages.

A species of temperate bacteriophage in the genus P1-like viruses, family MYOVIRIDAE, which infects E. coli. It is the largest of the COLIPHAGES and consists of double-stranded DNA, terminally redundant, and circularly permuted.

Electron microscopy involving rapid freezing of the samples. The imaging of frozen-hydrated molecules and organelles permits the best possible resolution closest to the living state, free of chemical fixatives or stains.

The transfer of bacterial DNA by phages from an infected bacterium to another bacterium. This also refers to the transfer of genes into eukaryotic cells by viruses. This naturally occurring process is routinely employed as a GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUE.

A family of BACTERIOPHAGES and ARCHAEAL VIRUSES which are characterized by long, non-contractile tails.

Bacteriophage inactivation at the air-water-solid interface in dynamic batch systems. (1/413)

Bacteriophages have been widely used as surrogates for human enteric viruses in many studies on virus transport and fate. In this investigation, the fates of three bacteriophages, MS2, R17, and phiX174, were studied in a series of dynamic batch experiments. Both MS2 and R17 readily underwent inactivation in batch experiments where solutions of each phage were percolated through tubes packed with varying ratios of glass and Teflon beads. MS2 and R17 inactivation was the result of exposure to destructive forces at the dynamic air-water-solid interface. phiX174, however, did not undergo inactivation in similar studies, suggesting that this phage does not accumulate at air-water interfaces or is not affected by interfacial forces in the same manner. Other batch experiments showed that MS2 and R17 were increasingly inactivated during mixing in polypropylene tubes as the ionic strength of the solution was raised (phiX174 was not affected). By the addition of Tween 80 to suspensions of MS2 and R17, phage inactivation was prevented. Our data suggest that viral inactivation in simple dynamic batch experiments is dependent upon (i) the presence of a dynamic air-water-solid interface (where the solid is a hydrophobic surface), (ii) the ionic strength of the solution, (iii) the concentration of surface active compounds in the solution, and (iv) the type of virus used. (+info)

Replication fork assembly at recombination intermediates is required for bacterial growth. (2/413)

PriA, a 3' --> 5' DNA helicase, directs assembly of a primosome on some bacteriophage and plasmid DNAs. Primosomes are multienzyme replication machines that contribute both the DNA-unwinding and Okazaki fragment-priming functions at the replication fork. The role of PriA in chromosomal replication is unclear. The phenotypes of priA null mutations suggest that the protein participates in replication restart at recombination intermediates. We show here that PriA promotes replication fork assembly at a D loop, an intermediate formed during initiation of homologous recombination. We also show that DnaC810, encoded by a naturally arising intergenic suppressor allele of the priA2::kan mutation, bypasses the need for PriA during replication fork assembly at D loops in vitro. These findings underscore the essentiality of replication fork restart at recombination intermediates under normal growth conditions in bacteria. (+info)

Virus passage through track-etch membranes modified by salinity and a nonionic surfactant. (3/413)

Why do viruses sometimes not pass through larger pores in track-etch filters? Increasing the salinity (0.8 to 160 mM Na+) decreased phiX174 and PRD1 passage through track-etch polycarbonate membranes (sodium dodecyl sulfate coated but not polyvinylpyrrolidone coated) and PRD1 passage through polyester membranes. Undiminished passage when 0.1% Tween 80 was added implied that nonionic virus adsorption occurred and indicated that high levels of salinity decreased virus passage by decreasing electrostatic repulsion that prevented adsorption. (+info)

Different trajectories of parallel evolution during viral adaptation. (4/413)

The molecular basis of adaptation is a major focus of evolutionary biology, yet the dynamic process of adaptation has been explored only piecemeal. Experimental evolution of two bacteriophage lines under strong selection led to over a dozen nucleotide changes genomewide in each replicate. At least 96 percent of the amino acid substitutions appeared to be adaptive, and half the changes in one line also occurred in the other. However, the order of these changes differed between replicates, and parallel substitutions did not reflect the changes with the largest beneficial effects or indicate a common trajectory of adaptation. (+info)

Evolutionary reversals during viral adaptation to alternating hosts. (5/413)

Experimental adaptation of the bacteriophage phiX174 to a Salmonella host depressed its ability to grow on the traditional Escherichia host, whereas adaptation to Escherichia did not appreciably affect growth on Salmonella. Continued host switching consistently exhibited this pattern. Growth inhibition on Escherichia resulted from two to three substitutions in the major capsid gene. When these phages were forced to grow again on Escherichia, fitness recovery occurred predominantly by reversions at these same sites, rather than by second-site compensatory changes, the more frequently observed mechanism in most microbial systems. The affected residues lie on the virion surface and they alter attachment efficiency, yet they occur in a region distinct from a putative binding region previously identified from X-ray crystallography. These residues not only experienced high rates of evolution in our experiments, but also exhibited high levels of radical amino acid variation among phiX174 and its known relatives, consistent with a history of adaptation involving these sites. (+info)

Transfer of immune complexes from erythrocyte CR1 to mouse macrophages. (6/413)

We are developing a potential therapeutic approach for removing pathogens from the circulation of primates in which the pathogen is bound to the complement receptor (CR1) on E using a bispecific mAb complex, a heteropolymer (HP). We have used mAb this approach to demonstrate that cleared prototype pathogens are localized to, phagocytosed in, and destroyed in the liver. Extension of this work to a clinical setting will require a detailed understanding of the mechanism by which the E-bound immune complex substrates are transferred to fixed tissue macrophages in the liver, the transfer reaction. Therefore, we examined an in vitro system to study this process using bacteriophage phiX174 as a model pathogen. E containing phiX174 (bound via an anti-CR1/anti-phiX174 HP) were incubated with P388D1 murine macrophages, and the two cell types were separated by centrifugation through Ficoll. Both E and macrophages were then probed and analyzed by RIA or flow cytometry. The results indicate that all three components of the E-bound IC (phiX174, HP, and CR1) were removed from the E and internalized by the macrophages. We found that transfer requires the Fc portion of IgG, because little transfer of phiX174 occurs when it is bound to E CR1 using a HP containing only Fab fragments. These findings, taken in the context of other studies, suggest a general mechanism for the transfer reaction in which Fc receptors facilitate close juxtaposition of the macrophage to the E-bound IC which then allows a macrophage-associated protease to cleave CR1. The released IC are then internalized and processed by the macrophages. (+info)

Purification and characterization of DnaC810, a primosomal protein capable of bypassing PriA function. (7/413)

Escherichia coli strains lacking PriA are severely compromised in their ability to repair UV-damaged DNA and to perform homologous recombination. These phenotypes arise because of a lack of PriA-directed replication fork assembly at recombination intermediates such as D-loops. Naturally arising suppressor mutations in dnaC restore strains carrying the priA2::kan null allele to wild-type function. We have cloned one such gene, dnaC810, and overexpressed, purified, and characterized the DnaC810 protein. DnaC810 can support a PriA-independent synthesis of phiX174 complementary strand DNA. This can be attributed to its ability, unlike wild-type DnaC, to catalyze a SSB-insensitive general priming reaction with DnaB and DnaG on any SSB-coated single-stranded DNA. Gel mobility shift analysis revealed that DnaC810 could load DnaB directly to SSB-coated single-stranded DNA as well as to D loop DNA. This explains the ability of DnaC810 to bypass the requirement for PriA, PriB, PriC, and DnaT during replication fork assembly at recombination intermediates. (+info)

Characterization of the binding of spike H protein of bacteriophage phiX174 with receptor lipopolysaccharides. (8/413)

The spike H protein of bacteriophage phiX174 was prepared as a hexa histidine-tagged fusion (HisH). On enzyme-linked plate assaying, HisH was found to bind specifically to the lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) of phiX174-sensitive strains, Escherichia coli C and Salmonella typhimurium Ra chemotype, having the complete oligosaccharide sequence of the R-core on the LPSs. In sharp contrast, HisH bound weakly to the LPSs of phiX174-insensitive strains, i.e. E. coli F583 (Rd(2)) lacking some terminal saccharides and E. coli O111: B4 (smooth strain) having additional O-repeats on the R-core. The fluorescence spectra of HisH changed dose-dependently in the case of the LPS of E. coli C, the intensity increasing and the emission peak shifting to the shorter wavelength side, which was attributable to the hydrophobic interaction of HisH with the LPS. The binding equilibrium was analyzed by fluorometric titration to determine the dissociation constant K(d), 7.02 +/- 0.37 microM, and the Gibbs free energy change DeltaG(0), -29.1 kJ mol(-1) (at 22 degrees C, pH 7.4). Based on the temperature dependence of (K)d in a van't Hoff plot, the standard enthalpy change DeltaH(0) and the entropy change DeltaS(0) were calculated to be +23.7 kJ mol(-1) and 179 J mol(-1) K(-1) at 22 degrees C, respectively, and this binding was thereby concluded to be an entropy-driven reaction. (+info)

In 2003 the same group synthetically assembled the genome of a virus, Phi X 174 bacteriophage. Currently, Smith is scientific ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamilton_O._Smith

In 2003 the 5386 bp genome of the bacteriophage Phi X 174 was assembled in about two weeks. In 2006, the same team, at the J. ... phiX174 bacteriophage from synthetic oligonucleotides". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of ... 297 (5579): 174-5. doi:10.1126/science.297.5579.174b. PMID 12114601. S2CID 83531627. Smith HO, Hutchison CA, Pfannkoch C, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic_biology

Sanger and his team of scientists created a library of the bacteriophage, phi X 174, for use in DNA sequencing. The importance ... Bacteriophage P1 vectors can hold inserts 70 - 100kb in size. They begin as linear DNA molecules packaged into bacteriophage P1 ... February 1977). "Nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage phi X174 DNA". Nature. 265 (5596): 687-95. Bibcode:1977Natur.265..687S. ... Cosmid vectors are plasmids that contain a small region of bacteriophage λ DNA called the cos sequence. This sequence allows ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genomic_library

In 2003 a faster method was shown to assemble the 5386-base genome of the bacteriophage Phi X 174 in two weeks. The giant ... In 1977, Frederick Sanger achieved the first complete sequencing of the genome of any organism, the bacteriophage Phi X 174. In ... Bacteriophages occasionally move genetic material from one bacterial cell to another in a process known as transduction, and ... Bacteriophages, the viruses which infect bacteria, can be relatively easily grown as viral plaques on bacterial cultures. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virology

... in patients with antibody deficiencies and the in vivo analysis of antibody production using bacteriophage Phi X 174. He and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_D._Ochs

... as well as studying the bacteriophage Phi X 174. It was also here, the Medical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Blackburn

... on parchment Phi X 174 bacteriophage was the first DNA-based genome to be sequenced VA-174 List of highways numbered 174 United ... 174 is an even number, a composite number, a sphenic number, and an abundant number with the abundance of 12. It is a ... 174 Phaedra is a large, rocky main belt asteroid Gliese 174 or V834 Tau, a variable star PSR J0437-4715 is a millisecond pulsar ... 174 174 in the New York City Subway System The former 174th Street elevated station on the demolished IRT Third Avenue Line. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/174_(number)

Fiers W, Sinsheimer RL (October 1962). "The structure of the DNA of bacteriophage phi-X174. III. Ultracentrifugal evidence for ... January 1992). "Atomic structure of single-stranded DNA bacteriophage phi X174 and its functional implications". Nature. 355 ( ... A protein of bacteriophage phi X174 into an ATT codon yields a viable phage indicating that A protein is not essential for phi ... February 1977). "Nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage phi X174 DNA". Nature. 265 (5596): 687-95. Bibcode:1977Natur.265..687S. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phi_X_174

... phi X174, G4 and phi K" Biochim Biophys Acta 1130(3) 277-288 Aoyama A, Hayashi M (1986) Synthesis of bacteriophage phi X174 in ... Keegstra W, Baas PD, Jansz HS (1979) Bacteriophage phi X174 RF DNA replication in vivo. A study by electron microscopy" J Mol ... Tessman ES, Tessman I, Pollock TJ (1980) Gene K of bacteriophage phi X 174 codes for a nonessential protein" J Virol 33(1) 557- ... A protein of bacteriophage phi X174 into an ATT codon yields a viable phage indicating that A protein is not essential for phi ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microviridae

... bacteriophage p1 MeSH B04.123.205.305 - bacteriophage p2 MeSH B04.123.205.320 - bacteriophage phi x 174 MeSH B04.123.205.350 - ... bacteriophage t4 MeSH B04.123.205.891.230 - bacteriophage t7 MeSH B04.123.230.070 - bacteriophage phi 6 MeSH B04.123.370.400 - ... bacteriophage phi 6 MeSH B04.123.691.230 - cystoviridae MeSH B04.123.691.230.070 - bacteriophage phi 6 MeSH B04.123.691.600 - ... bacteriophage n4 MeSH B04.123.150.700.070 - bacteriophage p22 MeSH B04.123.150.700.100 - bacteriophage t3 MeSH B04.123.150.700. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(B04)

Phi X 174 bacteriophage was the first DNA-based genome to be sequenced ... Number Gossip: 174. References[edit]. *^ "Sloane's A007304 : Sphenic numbers". The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. ... Gliese 174 or V834 Tau, a variable star. In the military[edit]. *174th Air Refueling Squadron unit of the Iowa Air National ... 174 is an even number, a composite number, a sphenic number,[1] and an abundant number with the abundance of 12. It is a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/174_

Nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage phi X174 DNA». Nature. 265 (5596): 687-695.. CS1-vedlikehold: Flere navn: forfatterliste ( ... terminal region of gene G of bacteriophage phi X 174». Journal of Molecular Biology. 96 (4): 703-719.. CS1-vedlikehold: Flere ... Biter av sekvenser ble først sekvensert i 1975 (fra bakteriofag Phi X 174).[1] Det første genomet til en frittlevende organisme ... Med den første fullstendige genom sekvenseringen av bakteriofagen phi X 174 i 1977 ble metoden publisert[2], og Sanger mottok ...

https://no.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA-sekvensering

Clerch, B., E. Rivera, and M. Llagostera, Bacteriophage PSP3 and phi R73 activator proteins: analysis of promoter specificities ... The P2-like bacteriophages. In R. Calendar (ed.), The bacteriophages. Oxford Press, Oxford, 2005: p. 365-390 Lindahl, G., ... Bacteriophage P2 was first isolated by G. Bertani from the Lisbonne and Carrère strain of E. coli in 1951. Since that time, a ... Bacteriophage P2, scientific name Escherichia virus P2, is a temperate phage that infects E. coli. It is a tailed virus with a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacteriophage_P2

Feb 1977). "Nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage phi X174 DNA". Nature. 265 (5596): 687-95. Bibcode:1977Natur.265..687S. doi: ... 1972: Walter Fiers and his team were the first to determine the sequence of a gene: the gene for bacteriophage MS2 coat protein ... Sanger's lab sequence the entire genome of bacteriophage Φ-X174. In the late 1970s: nonisotopic methods of nucleic acid ... Hershey, AD; Chase, M (May 1952). "Independent functions of viral protein and nucleic acid in growth of bacteriophage". J. Gen ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_genetics

PCA was used to generate the first synthetic genome in history, that of the Phi X 174 virus. The Gibson Assembly Method, ... φX174 bacteriophage from synthetic oligonucleotides". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 100 (26): 15440-15445. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic_genomes

doi:10.1094/PHI-I-2004-0330-01. Westwood, James H.; Yoder, John I.; Timko, Michael P.; dePamphilis, Claude W. (2010). "The ... Most viruses are bacteriophages, infecting bacteria. Parasitism is a major aspect of evolutionary ecology; for example, almost ... and in the way that bacteriophages can limit bacterial infections. It is likely, though little researched, that most pathogenic ... 18 (2): 173-174. doi:10.1016/j.idc.2004.01.001. PMID 15145374. Cheng, Thomas C. (1973). General Parasitology. Academic Press. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasitism

Instead, he attended the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he joined the Pi Lambda Phi fraternity. Although he ... "Mapping experiments with r mutants of bacteriophage T4D". Genetics (published February 1962). 47 (2): 179-86. PMC 1210321. PMID ... 171-174. "I love my wife. My wife is dead". Letters of Note. February 15, 2012. Retrieved April 23, 2013. Gleick 1992, pp. 227- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Feynman

Phi X 174 on esimene DNA-l baseeruv genoom, mis sekveneeriti. Rõngasgenoom koosneb 11 geenist ja selles on 5386 aluspaari.[5] ... Bacteriophage phiX174 *↑ Kenneth Todar. All About E. coli *↑ Genome sequence of the bacterium Caulobacter crescentus ...

https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudelorganism

doi:10.1094/PHI-I-2004-0330-01.. *^ Westwood, James H.; Yoder, John I.; Timko, Michael P.; dePamphilis, Claude W. (2010). "The ... Enterobacteria phage T4 is a bacteriophage virus. It infects its host, Escherichia coli, by injecting its DNA through its tail ... Main articles: Virus and Bacteriophage. Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites, characterised by extremely limited ... and in the way that bacteriophages can limit bacterial infections. It is likely, though little researched, that most pathogenic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasitic

Phi X 174）（Phage Φ-X174）的基因組序列。這也是首次完整的基因組定序工作。他所發明的技術比起當時其他方法使用了較不具毒性的材料。主要是先進行DNA 合成，利用DNA引子和DNA聚合酶使DNA鏈得以展開複製，再利用雙去氧核苷酸（ ... Sanger, F.; Coulson, A.R.; Barrell, B.G.; Smith, A.J.; Roe, B.A., Cloning in single-stranded bacteriophage as an aid to rapid ... Sanger, F.; Coulson, A.R.; Hong, G.F.; Hill, D

https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/弗雷德里克·桑格

https://et.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudelorganism

PCA was used to generate the first synthetic genome in history, that of the Phi X 174 virus. The Gibson assembly method, ... φX174 bacteriophage from synthetic oligonucleotides". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 100 (26): 15440-15445. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic_genomics

Bacteriophage Phi X 174‎ (6 B). *. ► Bacteriophage trimeric proteins domain‎ (1 C) ... Media in categorie "Bacteriophages". Deze categorie bevat de volgende 77 bestanden, van in totaal 77. ... ADVERTISEMENT; Antivirus and bacteriophages Wellcome L0032605.jpg 5.228 × 3.451; 7,23 MB. ... The arrangement of known genes of bacteriophage T12 after integration into host.png 917 × 456; 28 kB. ...

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bacteriophages?uselang=nl

The Use of Bacteriophage Phi X174 to Assess the Immune Competence of HIV-Infected Patients In Vivo. The safety and scientific ... kinetics of bacteriophage clearance following primary immunization, quantitation of bacteriophage phi X174 specific antibody ... kinetics of bacteriophage clearance following primary immunization, quantitation of bacteriophage phi X174 specific antibody ... Bacteriophage phi X174 immunization is a method that has been in use for more than 25 years to assess the immunity of patients ...

https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00001540?order=376

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phi_X_174

Virus : Bacteriophage (Phi X 174 NBRC 103405). • Test Report number : 11047937001-02. Mould : Cladosporium cladosporioides ( ... Virus : Escherichia coli phage (φΧ-174 ATCC 13706-B1). All results are based on specific testing conditions.. All tests are not ... Virus : Escherichia coli phage (øX-174 ATCC 13706-B1). : Influenza (H1N1) 2009 Virus. • KRCES-Env. Test Report no. : 23_0140. ...

https://www.panasonic.com/vn/en/consumer/air-conditioner/cooling/cu_cs-vu18skh-8.html

Bacteriophage phi X 174 / genetics * Cells, Cultured * DNA Methylation * DNA, Viral / drug effects* ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11304123/?dopt=Abstract

This review aims to provide a thorough overview of studies of this nature and discuss the feasibility of bacteriophage use ... With this background established, the review then explores the potential for use of bacteriophage (phage) therapy as an ... With this background established, the review then explores the potential for use of bacteriophage (phage) therapy as an ... Uhr, J. W., Dancis, J., and Finkelstein, M. S. (1963). Passage of bacteriophage phi X 174 across the placenta in guinea pigs. ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2017.02660/full

Bacteriophage phi X 174 / genetics* * DNA, Single-Stranded / genetics* * Epistasis, Genetic * Evolution, Molecular ... Here we provide the first empirical examination of this model, using a single-stranded DNA bacteriophage related to phiX174, ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15778707/?dopt=Abstract

... from a new clinical study have confirmed the safety and tolerability of using bacteria-specific viruses known as bacteriophages ... Bacteriophages offer promising alternative to antibiotics. by Nutrition 2018 Bacteriophage Phi X 174 Electron micrograph. ... Bacteriophages can be used to selectively combat specific microorganisms in people without causing any type of infection or ... Bacteriophages: Are they an overlooked driver of Parkinsons disease?. Jun 10, 2018 ...

https://medicalxpress.com/news/2018-06-bacteriophages-alternative-antibiotics.html

Our first task was a 5,000-letter code bacteriophage, a virus that attacks only E. coli. So that was the phage phi X 174, which ...

https://www.ted.com/talks/craig_venter_unveils_synthetic_life/transcript?language=en

The antibody response to bacteriophage phi-X 174 in newborn premature infants. J. Clin. Invest. 41, 1509-1513. doi: 10.1172/ ... One potential role of enteric bacteriophages in IBD might be their direct interaction with the mammalian host. Bacteriophages ... 2013). Bacteriophage adhering to mucus provide a non-host-derived immunity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 110, 10771-10776. doi ... Bacteriophages are shown to be primary drivers of bacterial fitness and diversity (Brüssow et al., 2004). Moreover, the gut ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2018.02247/full

Sanger and his team of scientists created a library of the bacteriophage, phi X 174, for use in DNA sequencing. The importance ... Bacteriophage P1 vectors can hold inserts 70 - 100kb in size. They begin as linear DNA molecules packaged into bacteriophage P1 ... February 1977). "Nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage phi X174 DNA". Nature. 265 (5596): 687-95. doi:10.1038/265687a0. PMID ... Cosmid vectors are plasmids that contain a small region of bacteriophage λ DNA called the cos sequence. This sequence allows ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genomic_library

... and bacteriophages such as R17, lambda, T1, T2, T4, T7 and Phi X 174. Further, mixtures of the viruses may also be used. ... In this respect, the bacterial viruses, known as bacteriophages, are excellent choices. However, most plant and animal viruses ... for example a bacteriophage, as described in the mentioned document, to be on the safe side in that the inactivation reaches ... viruses such as bacteriophage, sindbis, adenovirus or EHC virus. Further, reference is made to a prior art document PCT ...

http://www.epo.org/law-practice/case-law-appeals/recent/t900449eu1.html

In 2003 the same group synthetically assembled the genome of a virus, Phi X 174 bacteriophage. Currently, Smith is scientific ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamilton_O._Smith

bacteriophage øX174. ] as a model. This virus has shared many other firsts in the world of genomics and synthetic biology from ... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phi_X_174 ... using the bacteriophage øX174 as a model. This virus has shared ... Jaschke PR, Lieberman EK, Rodriguez J, Sierra A, Endy D. (2012). A fully decompressed synthetic bacteriophage øX174 genome ... Jaschke PR, Lieberman EK, Rodriguez J, Sierra A, Endy D. (2012). A fully decompressed synthetic bacteriophage øX174 genome ...

https://openwetware.org/wiki/?title=Paul_Jaschke&diff=673238&oldid=671535

Temperate Bacillus subtilis bacteriophage phi 3T: chromosomal attachment site and comparison with temperate bacteriophages phi ... Bacillus subtilis DNA polymerase III is required for the replication of DNA of bacteriophages SPP-1 and phi 105. S D Rowley, N ... Gene D of bacteriophage phi X 174: absence of transcriptional and translational regulatory properties. T J Pollock ... Functions of gene C and gene D products of bacteriophage phi X 174. H Fujisawa, M Hayashi ...

https://jvi.asm.org/content/21/2

Bacteriophage MS2. Bacteriophage MS2. The bacteriophage MS2 is an icosahedral, positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus that ... Phi-X174 phage. The phi X 174 bacteriophage was the first DNA-based genome to be sequenced. This work was completed by Fred ... Phi-X174 phage. The phi X 174 bacteriophage was the first DNA-based genome to be sequenced. This work was completed by Fred ... was the first to establish the complete nucleotide sequence of a viral RNA-genome (bacteriophage MS2. Bacteriophage ...

http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Genome

Raya, R.R. and Klaenhammer, T.R. (1992) High-frequency plasmid transduction by Lactobacillus gasseri bacteriophage PHI-ADH. ... Davis, C., Silveira, N.F.A. and Fleet, G.H. (1985) Occurrence and properties of bacteriophages of Leuconostoc oenos in ... Jarvis, A.W. (1989) Bacteriophages of lactic acid bacteria. J. Dairy Sci., 72, 3406-3428.Google Scholar ... Davidson, B.E., Powell, I.B. and Hillier, A.J. (1990) Temperate bacteriophages and lysogeny in lactic acid bacteria. FEMS ...

https://rd.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-011-1340-3_6

... lack of amplification and failure to undergo isotype switching in response to immunization with bacteriophage phi x 174 ... 174-185 Abstract. Vaccinia immunization was pivotal to successful smallpox eradication. However, the early immune responses ...

https://med.stanford.edu/profiles/david-lewis

Bacteriophage. Phi-X174. no penetration at 2 psi(13.8 kPa). 1 In order of increasing protection2 American Association of ... Phi-X174 bacteriophage penetration as a test system.. ISO 16604-. Clothing for protection against contact with blood and body ... Phi-X174 bacteriophage has nearly spherical morphology similar to HIV, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C. At 27 nm in diameter, it ... Bacteriophage. (Phi-X174) challenge suspension. Determines the ability of a material to resist the penetration of a ...

http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npptl/topics/protectiveclothing/default.html

Test method using Phi-X 174 bacteriophage" Title "Clothing for protection against contact with blood and body fluids -- ...

https://wwwn.cdc.gov/PPEInfo/AdvancedSearch?page=36

Contigs that align to the Escherichia coli bacteriophage Phi-X 174 genome are excluded as this is used as a DNA spike-in for ...

https://www.atcc.org/en/resources/technical-documents/genome-portal-technical-document

Denhardt, David T. (1965) A biophysical study of bacteriophage [phi]X-174 replication. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California ...

https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/view/year/1965.html

Benbow, Robert Michael (1972) On the genetic recombination of bacteriophage [phi]X174 DNA molecules. Dissertation (Ph.D.), ... Denhardt, David T. (1965) A biophysical study of bacteriophage [phi]X-174 replication. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California ... Hutchison, Clyde Allen (1969) Bacteriophage [phi]X174: Viral genes and functions. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of ... Guthrie, George Drake (1962) Studies on the interaction of subviral particles of the bacteriophage [phi]X174 with protoplasts ...

https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/view/option/biology.html

All samples are spiked with ~0.5% of the bacteriophage [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phi_X_174 ΦX174]. The ΦX library is primed ... All samples are spiked with ~0.5% of the bacteriophage ΦX174. The ΦX library is primed off the standard Illumina sequencing ...

https://openwetware.org/wiki/?title=BioMicroCenter:Sequencing&diff=673410&oldid=604361

... that block Phi X-174, a 24-nm icosahedral bacteriophage (L. Gregori, R. G. Rohwer, et al., in preparation). ...

https://jcm.asm.org/content/44/1/91

... and bacteriophage such as R17, lambda, Tl, T2, T4, T7 and Phi X 174. Mixtures of the viruses also may be used. ...

https://patents.google.com/patent/EP0196515A1/en

This process began in the late 1970s, with the initial DNA sequencing of the Phi X 174 (ΦX174) bacteriophage, a virus or group ...

http://www.nics.tennessee.edu/workflow-for-genomic-study

To test this approach, the researchers used their nanopore system to read the sequence of bacteriophage Phi X 174, a virus that ... They found that the approach reliably read the bacteriophages DNA sequences and could read sequences as long as 4,500 ...

http://www.washington.edu/news/2014/06/26/nanopore-technique-rapidly-decodes-long-dna-strands/

Transcription of bacteriophage phi-X174 in vitro: selective initiation with oligonucleotides. Dec 25, 1976·Journal of Molecular ... A DNA sequence for the genome of bacteriophage phi X174 of approximately 5,375 nucleotides has been determined using the rapid ... Isolation and function of the gene A initiator of bacteriophage phi-chi 174, a highly specific DNA endonuclease. ... Pyrimidine sequences from the DNA of bacteriophages fd, fl, and phi X174. ...

https://www.meta.org/papers/nucleotide-sequence-of-bacteriophage-phi-x174/870828

The phi X 174 (or ΦX174) bacteriophage is a single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) virus that infects Escherichia coli, and the first DNA-based genome to be sequenced. (wikipedia.org)
This bacteriophage has a [+] sense circular single-stranded DNA genome of 5,386 nucleotides. (wikipedia.org)
This bacteriophage has a [+] circular single-stranded DNA genome of 5386 nucleotides encoding 11 proteins . (wikipedia.org)
In 2003 the same group synthetically assembled the genome of a virus, Phi X 174 bacteriophage. (wikipedia.org)
In December 2012 we published the first report of a [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23079106 fully decompressed genome], using the bacteriophage øX174 as a model. (openwetware.org)
A fully decompressed synthetic bacteriophage øX174 genome assembled and archived in yeast. (openwetware.org)
To test this approach, the researchers used their nanopore system to read the sequence of bacteriophage Phi X 174, a virus that infects bacteria and that is commonly used to evaluate new genome sequencing technologies. (washington.edu)
Within this method, we present experimental results on genome assembly using quantum annealers both for simulated data and the $\phi$X 174 bacteriophage. (arxiv.org)
A DNA sequence for the genome of bacteriophage phi X174 of approximately 5,375 nucleotides has been determined using the rapid and simple 'plus and minus' method. (meta.org)
The phi X bacteriophage is of interest because it was the first DNA-based genome to be sequenced. (bryanmbrandenburg.com)
1977 The genome of a single stranded RNA bacteriophage MS2 (a virus which attacks bacteria) is sequenced by Walter Fiers and his team in Belgium and the genome of a single stranded DNA bacteriophage Phi X 174 is sequenced by Frederick Sanger and his team in Cambridge, UK. (abpischools.org.uk)
Bacteriophages are composed of proteins that encapsulate a DNA or RNA genome , and may have relatively simple or elaborate structures. (omicsgroup.org)
By 1977, Sanger identified the first complete genome of an organism, the phi X 174 bacteriophage, containing 5,386 nucleotides. (formaspace.com)
In 2003, JCVI researchers created a synthetic version of the bacteriophage, Phi X 174, and recently they successfully transformed one species of bacteria to another by genome transplantation. (ucsd.edu)
Generating a synthetic genome by whole genome assembly: phiX174 bacteriophage from synthetic oligonucleotides. (ucsd.edu)
Like the intB element, the DinoHI genome contains a copy of regA which has similarity to the repressors of lambdoid bacteriophages, suggesting that the maintenance of DinoHI and the intB element may be co-ordinately controlled. (biomedsearch.com)
Phi X 174 - its genome was the first ever to be sequenced. (thefullwiki.org)

Results from a new clinical study have confirmed the safety and tolerability of using bacteria-specific viruses known as bacteriophages to eliminate disease-causing bacteria in the gut. (medicalxpress.com)
In addition to treating bacteria-related gastrointestinal illnesses, Wallace and study co-investigator Tiffany Weir, Ph.D., of Colorado State University are interested in using bacteriophages as dietary supplements to help restore balance to the bacteria that live in the gut of people with metabolic syndrome, which is known to shift gut bacteria to a more pathogenic and inflammatory state. (medicalxpress.com)
This process began in the late 1970s, with the initial DNA sequencing of the Phi X 174 (ΦX174) bacteriophage, a virus or group of viruses that infect bacteria. (tennessee.edu)
While the ability of bacteriophages to kill bacteria is well known and has been used in some centers to combat antibiotics - resistant infections, our knowledge about phage interactions with mammalian cells is very limited and phages have been believed to have no intrinsic tropism for those cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Bacterial predators, i.e. bacteriophages (phages) - viruses that infect and rapidly destroy bacteria, were discovered almost a century ago and there have been many attempts to apply phages in treating bacterial infections. (biomedcentral.com)
The existence of viruses that infect bacteria (bacteriophages) was first recognized by Frederick Twort in 1911, and, independently, by Félix d'Herelle in 1917. (appsis.com.br)
Transduction of bacteria by bacteriophages was first described in the same year. (appsis.com.br)
When bacteriophage phi X174 am3 DNA depurinated in vitro is transfected into E. coli spheroplasts prepared from bacteria previously exposed to UV light, a strong mutagenic response is observed. (semanticscholar.org)
1. A technique of bacterial typing which differentiates between bacteria or strains of bacteria by their susceptibility to one or more bacteriophages. (lexic.us)
Therefore, bacteria and bacteriophages have a long history of co-evolution in which bacteria have developed multiple resistance mechanisms against bacteriophages. (springer.com)
There have been several viruses synthesized, including the polio virus in 2002, the phi-X 174 bacteriophage (a type of virus that infects bacteria) in 2003 (by Venter), and the 1918 Spanish influenza virus in 2005. (britannica.com)
273 Periyasamy Panneerselvam, Govindan Selvakumar, Boya Saritha, and Arakalagud Nanjundaiah Ganeshamurthy Chapter 15 Bacteriophages: Emerging Biocontrol Agents for Plant Pathogenic Bacteria. (b-ok.org)

The objective of this study is to evaluate the safety and utility of bacteriophage phi X174 immunization as a tool to assess the immune competence of HIV-infected patients at different stages of disease in vivo, and to assess the impact of viral load levels and therapy-induced changes in viral load levels on the response to immunization with the neo-antigen bacteriophage phi X174. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Bacteriophage phi X174 immunization is a method that has been in use for more than 25 years to assess the immunity of patients with various types of primary and secondary immunodeficiencies, including 48 HIV-infected patients. (clinicaltrials.gov)
After screening and a two week pre-study evaluation, all eligible participants will receive a primary, secondary and tertiary immunization with 2 x 10(9) PFU/kg of bacteriophage phi X174 six weeks apart. (clinicaltrials.gov)
The study endpoints are: safety (as measured by incidence of adverse events, CD4 cell count and HIV plasma RNA), kinetics of bacteriophage clearance following primary immunization, quantitation of bacteriophage phi X174 specific antibody titers following primary, secondary and tertiary immunizations and determination of qualitative and quantitative antibody isotype switching following secondary and tertiary immunizations. (clinicaltrials.gov)
So far the smallest form of DNA available was from the single-stranded bacteriophage phi X174. (whatisbiotechnology.org)
The suspension of indicating virus phage Phi-X174 was made for viral aerosol generating in a hermetic cabin. (bvsalud.org)
The mass median diameter of Phage Phi-X174 aerosol particles was about 0.922 µm and the background concentration is beyond 2 × 10⁴ particles/m³. (bvsalud.org)
The protective efficiency of the clothing against phage Phi-X174 aerosol particles was above 99.9% under different test conditions with the range of viral aerosol concentration between 0 - 23 PFU/m³. (bvsalud.org)
The positive pressure bio-protective clothing provided a relatively high efficiency against phage Phi-X174 aerosol regardless of airflow rate, environment humidity and sampling time. (bvsalud.org)

So that was the phage phi X 174, which was chosen for historical reasons. (ted.com)
In addition to Remi.b's answer, it should be noted that the phage Phi X 174 is the only organism in your list which significantly deviates from Chargaff's Rule (by more than 1-2 percentage points for the A-T pair). (markoconnell.org)

Several of the bacterial viruses ( bacteriophage ) that infect E. coli also have been very useful for the study of gene structure and gene regulation (e.g. phages Lambda and T4 ). (thefullwiki.org)

A bacteriophage that infects E. coli. (newyorkoncology.com)

Cornelissen A, Ceyssens PJ, T'Syen J, Van Praet H, Noben JP, Shaburova OV, Krylov VN, Volckaert G, Lavigne R. The T7-related Pseudomonas putida phage $\phi$ 15 displays virion associated biofilm degradation properties. (koreascience.or.kr)

The treatment group received four bacteriophage strains that specifically eliminate E. coli, a pathogen that can contribute to gastrointestinal irregularities and stomach upset. (medicalxpress.com)
Our first task was a 5,000-letter code bacteriophage, a virus that attacks only E. coli. (ted.com)
Cells Alive] (Quicktime, 820 K) A movie showing an actual population of E. coli being eliminated by T4 bacteriophage. (nbif.org)
To control pathogenic E. coli in biofilm, bacteriophages were isolated from environmental samples. (koreascience.or.kr)
The bacteriophage cocktail of ΦNOECP40 and ΦNOECP44 showing depolymerase activities was prepared to eliminate the E. coli inbiofilm. (koreascience.or.kr)
However, the abundance of E. coli in biofilm was reduced by 3 log CFU/mL from 7.3 log CFU/mL after 60 min with the bacteriophage cocktail. (koreascience.or.kr)
Therefore, we suggest that bacteriophages with depolymerase could be utilized to effectively control pathogenic E. coli in biofilm. (koreascience.or.kr)

The identification of a characteristic genetic switch including two divergent promoters and two cognate repressor genes strongly indicates that φ31 was derived from a temperate bacteriophage. (asm.org)

Bacteriophage Phi X 174 Electron micrograph. (medicalxpress.com)
American Society for Microbiology] (JPEG, 29.5 KB) An electron micrograph of the bacteriophage lambda showing its long tail fibers. (nbif.org)

Institute for Molecular Virology] (JPEG, 141 KB) Computer model of the bacteriophage MS2. (nbif.org)

A year later some more DNA had been purified from the lambda bacteriophage by Dale Kaiser and David Hogness at Stanford University. (whatisbiotechnology.org)

Variable epistatic effects between mutations at host recognition sites in phiX174 bacteriophage. (nih.gov)
We examined variation in epistatic effects of mutations at two host recognition sites in phiX174 bacteriophage. (nih.gov)

This review aims to provide a thorough overview of studies of this nature and discuss the feasibility of bacteriophage use during pregnancy to treat and/or prevent bacterial infections. (frontiersin.org)
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of said antibiotic in the medium is in the range which causes about 1% to about 99% inhibition of the growth of said bacterial strain in the absence of said bacteriophage. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
Hughes KA, Sutherland IW, Clak J, Jones MV. Bacteriophage and associated polysaccharide depolymerase-novel tools for study of bacterial biofilms. (koreascience.or.kr)
Bacteriophages are probably the oldest viruses, having appeared early during bacterial evolution. (springer.com)
Bacteriophages have adapted to bacterial defense systems, devised strategies to evade these anti-phage mechanisms and restored their infective capacity. (springer.com)

Bacteriophage Genetics and Molecular Biology. (springer.com)

Isolation of a bacteriophage specific for a new capsular type of Klebsiella pneumo-niae and characterization of its polysaccharide depolymerase. (koreascience.or.kr)
Isolation of the Bacteriophage DinoHI from Dichelobacter nodosus and its Interactions with other Integrated Genetic Elements. (biomedsearch.com)
Treatment of D. nodosus strains with ultraviolet light resulted in the isolation of DinoHI, a member of the Siphoviridae and the first bacteriophage to be identified in D. nodosus. (biomedsearch.com)

This bacteriophage would then 'clone' the DNA sequence into single strands of DNA - making it was suitable for analysis using the Sanger's Method. (formaspace.com)
The sequence of the nonredundant region of the Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium temperate, serotype-converting bacteriophage P22 has been completed. (asm.org)
The DNA sequence of the replication module, part of the lysis module, and remnants of a lysogenic module from the lytic P335 species lactococcal bacteriophage φ31 was determined, and its regulatory elements were investigated. (asm.org)

The researchers say that bacteriophages might also be useful for eliminating nutritional deficiencies due to chronic diarrhea in developing countries and are seeking larger-scale support to test which strains might be best for this application. (medicalxpress.com)
1975. Proceedings: bacteriophage typing of strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated in south-east England. (asmscience.org)
Bacteriophage typing of strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from Nepal. (asmscience.org)

Gene D of bacteriophage phi X 174: absence of transcriptional and translational regulatory properties. (asm.org)
Functions of gene C and gene D products of bacteriophage phi X 174. (asm.org)
Suppressors of gene 32 am mutants that specifically overproduce P32 (unwinding protein) in bacteriophage T4. (asm.org)
Our results strongly suggest that gene transcription plays an important role in influencing fitness in the bacteriophage ϕX174, and different point mutations in a single cis -regulatory region provided the genetic basis for this role in adaptation to high temperature. (biomedcentral.com)

McGrath S, Fitzgerald GF, van Sinderen D. Identification and characterization of phage-resistance genes in temperate lactococcal bacteriophages. (springer.com)

With this background established, the review then explores the potential for use of bacteriophage (phage) therapy as an alternative to antibiotics during the antenatal period. (frontiersin.org)

DNA sourced from bacteriophages was thought to be made up of approximately 5,000 nucleotides. (whatisbiotechnology.org)

this\ntest uses bacteriophage Phi X 174, which dimensions are comparable to virus ones. (eximed.it)
Here we combine microscopy imaging with virus viability assays to study survival of three bacteriophages suggested as good models for respiratory pathogens: the enveloped Phi6 (a surrogate for SARS-CoV-2), and the non-enveloped PhiX174 and MS2. (bvsalud.org)

Med den første fullstendige genom sekvenseringen av bakteriofagen phi X 174 i 1977 ble metoden publisert [2] , og Sanger mottok Nobelprisen i kjemi sammen med Walter Gilbert i 1980. (wikipedia.org)

And isolated from bacteriophage \[\phi \times 174\] by Sinsheimer (1959). (studyadda.com)

Characterization of the lysogeny DNA module from teteperate Streptococcus thermophilus bacteriophage φSfi21. (springer.com)

Bacteriophage øX174 morphogenesis requires two scaffolding proteins: an internal species, similar to those employed in other viral systems, and an external species, which is more typically associated with satellite viruses. (nih.gov)

Dideoxymetoden til Sanger er en såkalt enzymatisk sekvenseringsmetode som ble utviklet av Frederick Sanger og Alan Coulson omkring 1975. (wikipedia.org)

Bacillus subtilis DNA polymerase III is required for the replication of DNA of bacteriophages SPP-1 and phi 105. (asm.org)
Temperate Bacillus subtilis bacteriophage phi 3T: chromosomal attachment site and comparison with temperate bacteriophages phi 105 and SPO2. (asm.org)

When the circular single stranded phi X 174 DNA enters the host cell, it is converted by host enzymes into a double stranded RF, which is subsequently replicated. (tudelft.nl)

2008). Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy to study diffusion and reaction of bacteriophages inside biofilms. (springer.com)

However, in the end, Sanger's Method became the dominant first-generation sequencing technique when Bruno Gronenborn and Joachim Messing demonstrated they could insert a double-stranded DNA into a single-stranded M13 bacteriophage. (formaspace.com)
1 1.1.1 DNA packaging motor of double-stranded DNA bacteriophages. (b-ok.org)

The effects of ozone and ozonized olefins on aerosol survival of bacteriophage phiX174 were studied. (tudelft.nl)

Biter av sekvenser ble først sekvensert i 1975 (fra bakteriofag Phi X 174). (wikipedia.org)
1975: Det første fullstendige DNA-genomet blir sekvensert, fra bakteriofag phi X 174. (wikipedia.org)

Labrie SJ, Samson JE, Moineau S. Bacteriophage resistance mechanism. (springer.com)

Amber mutants of bacteriophage can be reverted by ionizing radiation to pseudo wild type particles, i.e. particles able to propagate in a suppressorless host. (tudelft.nl)

Induction of mutations in bacteriophage T7 by gamma-rays. (tudelft.nl)

Denis AS, Bardina C, Cortes P, Liagostera M. Use of a bacteriophage cocktail to control Salmonella in food and the food industry. (koreascience.or.kr)

Wallace will present the results from the Bacteriophage for Gastrointestinal Health (PHAGE) Study-the first clinical study in the Western hemisphere to provide patients with bacteriophages-at the American Society for Nutrition annual meeting, Nutrition 2018 , held June 9-12, 2018 in Boston. (medicalxpress.com)

To this end, we will immunize patients with neo antigens, specifically keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) and Bacteriophage Phi-X 174 (PhiX174) to evaluate antigen-specific B and T cell responses. (knowcancer.com)

Bacteriophages occur abundantly in the biosphere, with different virions, genomes and lifestyles. (omicsgroup.org)
Using atomic force microscopy-infrared (AFM-IR) spectroscopy, we were able to probe structural organization of the virions of Herpes Simplex Type 1 viruses and bacteriophage MS2. (bvsalud.org)

Effect of spermidine on the RNA-A protein complex isolated from the RNA bacteriophage MS2. (asm.org)

Identification of the site of interruption in relaxed circles producing during bacteriophage lambda DNA circle replication. (asm.org)

In multiple evolution experiments with the bacteriophage ϕX174, adaptive substitutions in cis -acting regulatory sequences sweep through the phage population as the result of strong positive selection at high temperatures that are non-permissive for laboratory-adapted phage. (biomedcentral.com)

However, the increasing appearance of new lytic phages belonging to the P335 species, supported by DNA homology studies showing extensive homology between lytic and temperate P335 phage species, indicates that temperate phages or a phage remnant constitutes an important source for the development of new lytic bacteriophages ( 1 , 19 , 49 , 69 ). (asm.org)

Here we provide the first empirical examination of this model, using a single-stranded DNA bacteriophage related to phiX174, and find that our data are consistent with Orr's predictions, provided that the model is adjusted to incorporate mutation bias. (nih.gov)
In the case of 174 this leads to the answer provided by @MarchHo, that the chromosome is single-stranded. (markoconnell.org)
Photodynamic inactivation of antigenic determinants of single-stranded DNA bacteriophage phi chi 174. (metformin500mg.com)
Since the DNA of phi X 174 is single stranded mutation cannot be due to errors in repair of radiation damage by the excision repair or by the recombination repair system of the host cell, unless local base pairing occurs accidentally at the site of the mutation studied. (tudelft.nl)

The genetic code, the function of ribozymes, the first recombinant DNA and early genetic libraries were all arrived at using bacteriophages. (appsis.com.br)
They were found to be among the smallest DNA bacteriophages in the early days of phage research (1920-1950) but they were not particularly popular as subjects of study because they were less easy to work with than the T phages and not as intriguing as temperate phages such as lambda. (centrallakesclinic.biz)

Bacteriophages can be used to selectively combat specific microorganisms in people without causing any type of infection or disrupting the body's microbiome as a whole. (medicalxpress.com)
One of the predominant reasons for fermentation failures is infection of the starter culture by bacteriophages, resulting in slow acid formation and a product of inferior value. (asm.org)

We have shown for the first time that bacteriophage treatment has no apparent side effects, at least with short-term use. (medicalxpress.com)

The researchers report that study participants tolerated the bacteriophage treatment extremely well, with no adverse events reported during the four weeks of treatment. (medicalxpress.com)

However, bacteriophages are not organisms because they lack metabolism and depend on functions of the host cells for propagation. (thefullwiki.org)

Anatomy1

Organisms25

Chemicals and Drugs8

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment5

Phenomena and Processes22

Information Science2

Health Care1

Bacteriophage inactivation at the air-water-solid interface in dynamic batch systems. (1/413)

Replication fork assembly at recombination intermediates is required for bacterial growth. (2/413)

Virus passage through track-etch membranes modified by salinity and a nonionic surfactant. (3/413)

Different trajectories of parallel evolution during viral adaptation. (4/413)

Evolutionary reversals during viral adaptation to alternating hosts. (5/413)

Transfer of immune complexes from erythrocyte CR1 to mouse macrophages. (6/413)

Purification and characterization of DnaC810, a primosomal protein capable of bypassing PriA function. (7/413)

Characterization of the binding of spike H protein of bacteriophage phiX174 with receptor lipopolysaccharides. (8/413)

Bacteriophage phi X 174

Bacteriophage phi 6

Bacteriophages

Coliphages

DNA, Viral

DNA Viruses

Bacillus Phages

Viral Proteins

Lysogeny

Escherichia coli

DNA, Single-Stranded

DNA Replication

Cystoviridae

Genes, Viral

RNA Phages

Bacteriophage T4

DNA Packaging

Virus Replication

Mutation

Adsorption

Bacteriophage lambda

Base Sequence

Plasmids

DNA Restriction Enzymes

DNA, Circular

Bacillus subtilis

Bacteriophage T7

Genes

Centrifugation, Density Gradient

T-Phages

Staphylococcus Phages

Pseudomonas Phages

Bacteriophage mu

Microscopy, Electron

Temperature

Capsid

RNA, Double-Stranded

Morphogenesis

Kinetics

Pseudomonas

Molecular Weight

Bacteriolysis

Molecular Sequence Data

RNA, Viral

Bacteriophage P2

Streptococcus Phages

Bacteriophage M13

Genome, Viral

Nucleic Acid Conformation

Bacteriophage T3

Templates, Genetic

DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases

Bacteriophage Typing

Bacteriophage P1

Cryoelectron Microscopy

Transduction, Genetic

Siphoviridae

Bacteriophage inactivation at the air-water-solid interface in dynamic batch systems. (1/413)

Replication fork assembly at recombination intermediates is required for bacterial growth. (2/413)

Virus passage through track-etch membranes modified by salinity and a nonionic surfactant. (3/413)

Different trajectories of parallel evolution during viral adaptation. (4/413)

Evolutionary reversals during viral adaptation to alternating hosts. (5/413)

Transfer of immune complexes from erythrocyte CR1 to mouse macrophages. (6/413)

Purification and characterization of DnaC810, a primosomal protein capable of bypassing PriA function. (7/413)

Characterization of the binding of spike H protein of bacteriophage phiX174 with receptor lipopolysaccharides. (8/413)

The Use of Bacteriophage Phi X174 to Assess the Immune Competence of HIV-Infected Patients In Vivo - Full Text View -...

Nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage phi X174 DNA. - PubMed - NCBI

STUDIES ON THE ENZYMOLOGY OF DNA REPLICATION

Arthur Kornberg :: DNA Learning Center

June 3, 2021 - Dr. Archers Update on COVID-19 response from the DOM and Medicine Program | Department of Medicine | School of...

MathGroup Archive: March 2007 [00848]

DNA Ancestors View for Grammont Filhiol

DNA Ancestors View for Ebru (Gundes) Dundar

Phi, curiouser and curiouser.

Sheets in Proteins - Proteopedia, life in 3D

News - Main Line HealthCare welcomes cardiologist, William N. Kornberg, DO | Main Line Health

Patient Reviews | Bakersfield, California | Gene E. Hughes, DDS

Sequence Similarity - 4DQJ: Structural Investigation of Bacteriophage Phi6 Lysin (in complex with chitotetraose)...

RCSB PDB - 4DQJ: Structural Investigation of Bacteriophage Phi6 Lysin (in complex with chitotetraose) Structure...

Phi Việt Karaoke 06 - Phi Việt Karaoke - TKaraoke Forum

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