Bacteriophage phi 6
Bacteriophage phi X 174
Bacillus Phages
Lysogeny
The phenomenon by which a temperate phage incorporates itself into the DNA of a bacterial host, establishing a kind of symbiotic relation between PROPHAGE and bacterium which results in the perpetuation of the prophage in all the descendants of the bacterium. Upon induction (VIRUS ACTIVATION) by various agents, such as ultraviolet radiation, the phage is released, which then becomes virulent and lyses the bacterium.
Cystoviridae
RNA Phages
Bacteriophages whose genetic material is RNA, which is single-stranded in all except the Pseudomonas phage phi 6 (BACTERIOPHAGE PHI 6). All RNA phages infect their host bacteria via the host's surface pili. Some frequently encountered RNA phages are: BF23, F2, R17, fr, PhiCb5, PhiCb12r, PhiCb8r, PhiCb23r, 7s, PP7, Q beta phage, MS2 phage, and BACTERIOPHAGE PHI 6.
Bacteriophage T4
DNA Packaging
Bacteriophage lambda
Escherichia coli
A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.
Bacteriophage T7
T-Phages
A series of 7 virulent phages which infect E. coli. The T-even phages T2, T4; (BACTERIOPHAGE T4), and T6, and the phage T5 are called "autonomously virulent" because they cause cessation of all bacterial metabolism on infection. Phages T1, T3; (BACTERIOPHAGE T3), and T7; (BACTERIOPHAGE T7) are called "dependent virulent" because they depend on continued bacterial metabolism during the lytic cycle. The T-even phages contain 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in place of ordinary cytosine in their DNA.
Pseudomonas Phages
Bacteriophage mu
A temperate coliphage, in the genus Mu-like viruses, family MYOVIRIDAE, composed of a linear, double-stranded molecule of DNA, which is able to insert itself randomly at any point on the host chromosome. It frequently causes a mutation by interrupting the continuity of the bacterial OPERON at the site of insertion.
RNA, Double-Stranded
RNA consisting of two strands as opposed to the more prevalent single-stranded RNA. Most of the double-stranded segments are formed from transcription of DNA by intramolecular base-pairing of inverted complementary sequences separated by a single-stranded loop. Some double-stranded segments of RNA are normal in all organisms.
Pseudomonas
Mutation
Base Sequence
Bacteriolysis
Adsorption
Virus Replication
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Bacteriophage P2
Plasmids
DNA, Single-Stranded
Bacteriophage M13
Bacteriophage T3
DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases
Enzymes that catalyze DNA template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand one nucleotide at a time. They can initiate a chain de novo. In eukaryotes, three forms of the enzyme have been distinguished on the basis of sensitivity to alpha-amanitin, and the type of RNA synthesized. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992).
Bacteriophage Typing
Bacteriophage P1
Cryoelectron Microscopy
DNA Restriction Enzymes
Enzymes that are part of the restriction-modification systems. They catalyze the endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA sequences which lack the species-specific methylation pattern in the host cell's DNA. Cleavage yields random or specific double-stranded fragments with terminal 5'-phosphates. The function of restriction enzymes is to destroy any foreign DNA that invades the host cell. Most have been studied in bacterial systems, but a few have been found in eukaryotic organisms. They are also used as tools for the systematic dissection and mapping of chromosomes, in the determination of base sequences of DNAs, and have made it possible to splice and recombine genes from one organism into the genome of another. EC 3.21.1.
Centrifugation, Density Gradient
Siphoviridae
Genetics, Microbial
Nucleic Acid Conformation
Salmonella Phages
Genes
Attachment Sites, Microbiological
Transduction, Genetic
Recombination, Genetic
Viral Plaque Assay
Method for measuring viral infectivity and multiplication in CULTURED CELLS. Clear lysed areas or plaques develop as the VIRAL PARTICLES are released from the infected cells during incubation. With some VIRUSES, the cells are killed by a cytopathic effect; with others, the infected cells are not killed but can be detected by their hemadsorptive ability. Sometimes the plaque cells contain VIRAL ANTIGENS which can be measured by IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE.
Microscopy, Electron
Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.
Virus Assembly
Bacteriophage PRD1
Chloramphenicol
An antibiotic first isolated from cultures of Streptomyces venequelae in 1947 but now produced synthetically. It has a relatively simple structure and was the first broad-spectrum antibiotic to be discovered. It acts by interfering with bacterial protein synthesis and is mainly bacteriostatic. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p106)
Chromosome Mapping
Genetic Complementation Test
Cloning, Molecular
Mitomycins
Amino Acid Sequence
Temperature
Templates, Genetic
Transcription, Genetic
Phosphorus Isotopes
Viral Tail Proteins
Nucleic Acid Hybridization
Widely used technique which exploits the ability of complementary sequences in single-stranded DNAs or RNAs to pair with each other to form a double helix. Hybridization can take place between two complimentary DNA sequences, between a single-stranded DNA and a complementary RNA, or between two RNA sequences. The technique is used to detect and isolate specific sequences, measure homology, or define other characteristics of one or both strands. (Kendrew, Encyclopedia of Molecular Biology, 1994, p503)
DNA, Circular
Any of the covalently closed DNA molecules found in bacteria, many viruses, mitochondria, plastids, and plasmids. Small, polydisperse circular DNA's have also been observed in a number of eukaryotic organisms and are suggested to have homology with chromosomal DNA and the capacity to be inserted into, and excised from, chromosomal DNA. It is a fragment of DNA formed by a process of looping out and deletion, containing a constant region of the mu heavy chain and the 3'-part of the mu switch region. Circular DNA is a normal product of rearrangement among gene segments encoding the variable regions of immunoglobulin light and heavy chains, as well as the T-cell receptor. (Riger et al., Glossary of Genetics, 5th ed & Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)
Viral Structural Proteins
Viral proteins that are components of the mature assembled VIRUS PARTICLES. They may include nucleocapsid core proteins (gag proteins), enzymes packaged within the virus particle (pol proteins), and membrane components (env proteins). These do not include the proteins encoded in the VIRAL GENOME that are produced in infected cells but which are not packaged in the mature virus particle,i.e. the so called non-structural proteins (VIRAL NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEINS).
Nucleoside-Triphosphatase
An enzyme which catalyzes the hydrolysis of nucleoside triphosphates to nucleoside diphosphates. It may also catalyze the hydrolysis of nucleotide triphosphates, diphosphates, thiamine diphosphates and FAD. The nucleoside triphosphate phosphohydrolases I and II are subtypes of the enzyme which are found mostly in viruses.
DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase
DNA-dependent DNA polymerases found in bacteria, animal and plant cells. During the replication process, these enzymes catalyze the addition of deoxyribonucleotide residues to the end of a DNA strand in the presence of DNA as template-primer. They also possess exonuclease activity and therefore function in DNA repair.
Levivirus
Radiation Effects
Peptide PHI
A 27-amino acid peptide with histidine at the N-terminal and isoleucine amide at the C-terminal. The exact amino acid composition of the peptide is species dependent. The peptide is secreted in the intestine, but is found in the nervous system, many organs, and in the majority of peripheral tissues. It has a wide range of biological actions, affecting the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, respiratory, and central nervous systems.
Cesium
Molecular Motor Proteins
Morphogenesis
Restriction Mapping
Chromosomes, Bacterial
Prophages
Virion
Triethylenemelamine
Inovirus
Exonucleases
DNA, Recombinant
Binding Sites
Pseudomonas syringae
Centrifugation, Zonal
Electrophoresis, Agar Gel
Nucleic Acid Denaturation
Disruption of the secondary structure of nucleic acids by heat, extreme pH or chemical treatment. Double strand DNA is "melted" by dissociation of the non-covalent hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. Denatured DNA appears to be a single-stranded flexible structure. The effects of denaturation on RNA are similar though less pronounced and largely reversible.
DNA Nucleotidyltransferases
Ultraviolet Rays
That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum immediately below the visible range and extending into the x-ray frequencies. The longer wavelengths (near-UV or biotic or vital rays) are necessary for the endogenous synthesis of vitamin D and are also called antirachitic rays; the shorter, ionizing wavelengths (far-UV or abiotic or extravital rays) are viricidal, bactericidal, mutagenic, and carcinogenic and are used as disinfectants.
RNA Replicase
Models, Molecular
Bacillus
Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
Transformation, Genetic
Suppression, Genetic
Mutation process that restores the wild-type PHENOTYPE in an organism possessing a mutationally altered GENOTYPE. The second "suppressor" mutation may be on a different gene, on the same gene but located at a distance from the site of the primary mutation, or in extrachromosomal genes (EXTRACHROMOSOMAL INHERITANCE).
Endonucleases
Models, Structural
DNA
A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).
Open Reading Frames
Gene Expression Regulation, Viral
DNA, Superhelical
Phosphorus Radioisotopes
Nucleocapsid
Cell-Free System
A fractionated cell extract that maintains a biological function. A subcellular fraction isolated by ultracentrifugation or other separation techniques must first be isolated so that a process can be studied free from all of the complex side reactions that occur in a cell. The cell-free system is therefore widely used in cell biology. (From Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2d ed, p166)
Bacteriophage Pf1
Protein Binding
Cell Wall
Protein Conformation
The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).
Caudovirales
Sucrose
DNA-Binding Proteins
Crosses, Genetic
Oligodeoxyribonucleotides
DNA Primase
Protoplasts
Viral Core Proteins
Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
Promoter Regions, Genetic
Adenosine Triphosphatases
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
RNA
A polynucleotide consisting essentially of chains with a repeating backbone of phosphate and ribose units to which nitrogenous bases are attached. RNA is unique among biological macromolecules in that it can encode genetic information, serve as an abundant structural component of cells, and also possesses catalytic activity. (Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)
Host Specificity
Crystallography, X-Ray
Biological Therapy
Models, Biological
Carbon Radioisotopes
Operon
Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins
A broad category of viral proteins that play indirect roles in the biological processes and activities of viruses. Included here are proteins that either regulate the expression of viral genes or are involved in modifying host cell functions. Many of the proteins in this category serve multiple functions.
Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
Sequence Analysis, DNA
Phosphotungstic Acid
Tungsten hydroxide oxide phosphate. A white or slightly yellowish-green, slightly efflorescent crystal or crystalline powder. It is used as a reagent for alkaloids and many other nitrogen bases, for phenols, albumin, peptone, amino acids, uric acid, urea, blood, and carbohydrates. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
Magnesium
Integrases
Operator Regions, Genetic
Lactococcus lactis
Endodeoxyribonucleases
Polynucleotide Ligases
Mycobacteriophages
DNA Helicases
Proteins that catalyze the unwinding of duplex DNA during replication by binding cooperatively to single-stranded regions of DNA or to short regions of duplex DNA that are undergoing transient opening. In addition DNA helicases are DNA-dependent ATPases that harness the free energy of ATP hydrolysis to translocate DNA strands.
Adenosine Triphosphate
RNA Nucleotidyltransferases
Microviridae
Salmonella typhimurium
Muramidase
A basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids. It functions as an antibacterial agent. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17.
Receptors, Virus
Species Specificity
The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.
N-Acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine Amidase
Corticoviridae
Tectiviridae
RNA, Messenger
RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.
Carbon Isotopes
Thymine Nucleotides
Water Microbiology
F Factor
Conjugation, Genetic
A parasexual process in BACTERIA; ALGAE; FUNGI; and ciliate EUKARYOTA for achieving exchange of chromosome material during fusion of two cells. In bacteria, this is a uni-directional transfer of genetic material; in protozoa it is a bi-directional exchange. In algae and fungi, it is a form of sexual reproduction, with the union of male and female gametes.
Genetic Code
Viral Interference
Genes, Regulator
Protein Biosynthesis
Site-Specific DNA-Methyltransferase (Adenine-Specific)
An enzyme responsible for producing a species-characteristic methylation pattern on adenine residues in a specific short base sequence in the host cell DNA. The enzyme catalyzes the methylation of DNA adenine in the presence of S-adenosyl-L-methionine to form DNA containing 6-methylaminopurine and S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. EC 2.1.1.72.
DNA Transposable Elements
Discrete segments of DNA which can excise and reintegrate to another site in the genome. Most are inactive, i.e., have not been found to exist outside the integrated state. DNA transposable elements include bacterial IS (insertion sequence) elements, Tn elements, the maize controlling elements Ac and Ds, Drosophila P, gypsy, and pogo elements, the human Tigger elements and the Tc and mariner elements which are found throughout the animal kingdom.
Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
RNA, Bacterial
Culture Media
Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.
Evolution by small steps and rugged landscapes in the RNA virus phi6. (1/87)
Fisher's geometric model of adaptive evolution argues that adaptive evolution should generally result from the substitution of many mutations of small effect because advantageous mutations of small effect should be more common than those of large effect. However, evidence for both evolution by small steps and for Fisher's model has been mixed. Here we report supporting results from a new experimental test of the model. We subjected the bacteriophage phi6 to intensified genetic drift in small populations and caused viral fitness to decline through the accumulation of a deleterious mutation. We then propagated the mutated virus at a range of larger population sizes and allowed fitness to recover by natural selection. Although fitness declined in one large step, it was usually recovered in smaller steps. More importantly, step size during recovery was smaller with decreasing size of the recovery population. These results confirm Fisher's main prediction that advantageous mutations of small effect should be more common. We also show that the advantageous mutations of small effect are compensatory mutations whose advantage is conditional (epistatic) on the presence of the deleterious mutation, in which case the adaptive landscape of phi6 is likely to be very rugged. (+info)Precise packaging of the three genomic segments of the double-stranded-RNA bacteriophage phi6. (2/87)
Bacteriophage phi6 has a genome of three segments of double-stranded RNA. Each virus particle contains one each of the three segments. Packaging is effected by the acquisition, in a serially dependent manner, of the plus strands of the genomic segments into empty procapsids. The empty procapsids are compressed in shape and expand during packaging. The packaging program involves discrete steps that are determined by the amount of RNA inside the procapsid. The steps involve the exposure and concealment of binding sites on the outer surface of the procapsid for the plus strands of the three genomic segments. The plus strand of segment S can be packaged alone, while packaging of the plus strand of segment M depends upon prior packaging of S. Packaging of the plus strand of L depends upon the prior packaging of M. Minus-strand synthesis begins when the particle has a full complement of plus strands. Plus-strand synthesis commences upon the completion of minus-strand synthesis. All of the reactions of packaging, minus-strand synthesis, and plus-strand synthesis can be accomplished in vitro with isolated procapsids. Live-virus constructions that are in accord with the model have been prepared. Mutant virus with changes in the packaging program have been isolated and analyzed. (+info)Packaging and replication regulation revealed by chimeric genome segments of double-stranded RNA bacteriophage phi6. (3/87)
Bacteriophage phi6 has a double-stranded RNA genome composed of three linear segments, L, M, and S. The innermost particle in the virion of phi6, like in the other dsRNA viruses, is an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase complex, which carries out all the functions needed for the replication of the viral genome. Empty polymerase complexes can package the single-stranded copies of the viral genome segments, replicate the packaged segments into double-stranded form (minus strand synthesis), and then produce new plus strands (transcripts) from the double-stranded RNA templates. The three viral genomic segments contain unique packaging signals at their 5' ends, and minus strand synthesis initiation is dependent on the sequence at the 3' end. Here we have constructed chimeric segments that have the packaging signal from one segment and the minus strand synthesis initiation signal from another segment. Using purified recombinant polymerase complexes and single-stranded/chimeric and original RNA segments, we have analyzed the packaging and replication regulation operating in in vitro conditions. We show that the 5' end of the L genome segment in single-stranded form is needed to switch from the packaging to the minus strand synthesis and the same sequence is required in double-stranded form to switch on plus strand synthesis. In addition we have constructed deletions to the M segment to analyze the possible regulatory role of the internal noncoding area of this segment. (+info)A novel virus-host cell membrane interaction. Membrane voltage-dependent endocytic-like entry of bacteriophage straight phi6 nucleocapsid. (4/87)
Studies on the virus-cell interactions have proven valuable in elucidating vital cellular processes. Interestingly, certain virus-host membrane interactions found in eukaryotic systems seem also to operate in prokaryotes (Bamford, D.H., M. Romantschuk, and P. J. Somerharju, 1987. EMBO (Eur. Mol. Biol. Organ.) J. 6:1467-1473; Romantschuk, M., V.M. Olkkonen, and D.H. Bamford. 1988. EMBO (Eur. Mol. Biol. Organ.) J. 7:1821-1829). straight phi6 is an enveloped double-stranded RNA virus infecting a gram-negative bacterium. The viral entry is initiated by fusion between the virus membrane and host outer membrane, followed by delivery of the viral nucleocapsid (RNA polymerase complex covered with a protein shell) into the host cytosol via an endocytic-like route. In this study, we analyze the interaction of the nucleocapsid with the host plasma membrane and demonstrate a novel approach for dissecting the early events of the nucleocapsid entry process. The initial binding of the nucleocapsid to the plasma membrane is independent of membrane voltage (DeltaPsi) and the K(+) and H(+) gradients. However, the following internalization is dependent on plasma membrane voltage (DeltaPsi), but does not require a high ATP level or K(+) and H(+) gradients. Moreover, the nucleocapsid shell protein, P8, is the viral component mediating the membrane-nucleocapsid interaction. (+info)Replicase activity of purified recombinant protein P2 of double-stranded RNA bacteriophage phi6. (5/87)
In nature, synthesis of both minus- and plus-sense RNA strands of all the known double-stranded RNA viruses occurs in the interior of a large protein assembly referred to as the polymerase complex. In addition to other proteins, the complex contains a putative polymerase possessing characteristic sequence motifs. However, none of the previous studies has shown template-dependent RNA synthesis directly with an isolated putative polymerase protein. In this report, recombinant protein P2 of double-stranded RNA bacteriophage phi6 was purified and demonstrated in an in vitro enzymatic assay to act as the replicase. The enzyme efficiently utilizes phage-specific, positive-sense RNA substrates to produce double-stranded RNA molecules, which are formed by newly synthesized, full-length minus-strands base paired with the plus-strand templates. P2-catalyzed replication is also shown to be very effective with a broad range of heterologous single-stranded RNA templates. The importance and implications of these results are discussed. (+info)RNA secondary structures of the bacteriophage phi6 packaging regions. (6/87)
Bacteriophage phi6 genome consists of three segments of double-stranded RNA. During maturation, single-stranded copies of these segments are packaged into preformed polymerase complex particles. Only phi6 RNA is packaged, and each particle contains only one copy of each segment. An in vitro packaging and replication assay has been developed for phi6, and the packaging signals (pac sites) have been mapped to the 5' ends of the RNA segments. In this study, we propose secondary structure models for the pac sites of phi6 single-stranded RNA segments. Our models accommodate data from structure-specific chemical modifications, free energy minimizations, and phylogenetic comparisons. Previously reported pac site deletion studies are also discussed. Each pac site possesses a unique architecture, that, however, contains common structural elements. (+info)Characterization of phi8, a bacteriophage containing three double-stranded RNA genomic segments and distantly related to Phi6. (7/87)
The three double-stranded RNA genomic segments of bacteriophage Phi8 were copied as cDNA, and their nucleotide sequences were determined. Although the organization of the genome is similar to that of Phi6, there is no similarity in either the nucleotide sequences or the amino acid sequences, with the exception of the motifs characteristic of viral RNA polymerases that are found in the presumptive polymerase sequence. Several features of the viral proteins differ markedly from those of Phi6. Although both phages are covered by a lipid-containing membrane, the protein compositions are very different. The most striking difference is that protein P8, which constitutes a shell around the procapsid in Phi6, is part of the membrane in Phi8. The host attachment protein consists of two peptides rather than one and the phage attaches directly to the lipopolysaccharide of the host rather than to a type IV pilus. The host range of Phi8 includes rough strains of Salmonella typhimurium and of pseudomonads (+info)Characterization of phi 13, a bacteriophage related to phi 6 and containing three dsRNA genomic segments. (8/87)
The three dsRNA genomic segments of bacteriophage Phi 13 were copied as cDNA and the nucleotide sequences were determined. The organization of the genome is similar to that of Phi 6, and there is significant similarity in the amino acid sequences of the proteins of the polymerase complex and one of the membrane proteins, P6. There is little or no similarity in the nucleotide sequences. Several features of the viral proteins differ markedly from those of Phi 6. Although both phages are covered by a lipid-containing membrane, the protein compositions are different. The host attachment protein consists of two peptides rather than one and the phage attaches directly to the LPS of the host rather than to a Type IV pilus. Despite the differences in the structure of the membranes, the two viruses can successfully exchange the genes for host attachment proteins and thereby change their host specificities. (+info)
In vitro packaging of a λ Dam vector containing EcoRI DNA fragments of Escherichia coli and phage P1<...
math mode - dmath and alignement - TeX - LaTeX Stack Exchange
Sequence Similarity
- 4DQJ: Structural Investigation of Bacteriophage Phi6 Lysin (in complex with chitotetraose)...
RCSB PDB
- 4DQJ: Structural Investigation of Bacteriophage Phi6 Lysin (in complex with chitotetraose) Structure...
The Use of Bacteriophage Phi X174 to Assess the Immune Competence of HIV-Infected Patients In Vivo - Full Text View -...
Atomic snapshots of an RNA packaging motor reveal conformational changes linking ATP hydrolysis to RNA translocation. -...
Initiation of RNA Polymerization and Polymerase Encapsidation by a Small dsRNA Virus
Ghent University Academic Bibliography
Sheets in Proteins - Proteopedia, life in 3D
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Nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage phi X174 DNA. - PubMed - NCBI
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Glycogen as a carrier
Phi, curiouser and curiouser.
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Getting to 1 Teraflop on the Intel Phi Coprocessor | Dr Dobbs
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High efficiency, restriction-deficient in vitro packaging extracts for bacteriophage lambda DNA using a new E.coli lysogen<...
dsRNA viruses - Reoviridae - Reoviridae study group - Cystoviridae -
Birnaviridae - Totiviridae: Home Page
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The phi29 DNA polymerase:protein-primer structure suggests a model for the initiation to elongation transition
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Optimization of the in vitro packaging efficiency of bacteriophage T7 DNA: effects of neutral polymers<...
Genus Members of Unassigned dsRNA virus
Intel® Xeon Phi™ Product Family
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Cystovirus - Wikipedia
The Fitness Effects of Random Mutations in Single-Stranded DNA and RNA Bacteriophages
Multiple liquid crystalline geometries of highly compacted nucleic acid in a dsRNA virus. - Immunology
Virus population extinction via ecological traps - Dennehy - 2007 - Ecology Letters - Wiley Online Library
PHI | Ligand page | IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY
HAS ANYONE EVER OUTGROWN PA?
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Evolutionary genomics of host-use in bifurcating demes of RNA virus phi-6 | BMC Evolutionary Biology | Full Text
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Pseudomonas virus phi6
Φ6 (Phi 6) is the best-studied bacteriophage of the virus family Cystoviridae. It infects Pseudomonas bacteria (typically plant ... Φ6 and its relatives have a lipid membrane around their nucleocapsid, a rare trait among bacteriophages. It is a lytic phage, ... its structure has been studied by scientists interested in lipid-containing bacteriophages, and it has been used as a model ... "Structure-Function Insights Into the RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase of the dsRNA Bacteriophage Φ6". Segmented Double-stranded RNA ...
List of MeSH codes (B04)
... bacteriophage phi x 174 MeSH B04.123.660.535 - bacteriophage pf1 MeSH B04.123.660.550 - bacteriophage phi 6 MeSH B04.123. ... bacteriophage p1 MeSH B04.123.205.305 - bacteriophage p2 MeSH B04.123.205.320 - bacteriophage phi x 174 MeSH B04.123.205.350 - ... bacteriophage t4 MeSH B04.123.205.891.230 - bacteriophage t7 MeSH B04.123.230.070 - bacteriophage phi 6 MeSH B04.123.370.400 - ... bacteriophage n4 MeSH B04.123.150.700.070 - bacteriophage p22 MeSH B04.123.150.700.100 - bacteriophage t3 MeSH B04.123.150.700. ...
Genomic library
Sanger and his team of scientists created a library of the bacteriophage, phi X 174, for use in DNA sequencing. The importance ... Bacteriophage P1 vectors can hold inserts 70 - 100kb in size. They begin as linear DNA molecules packaged into bacteriophage P1 ... February 1977). "Nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage phi X174 DNA". Nature. 265 (5596): 687-95. doi:10.1038/265687a0. PMID ... Cosmid vectors are plasmids that contain a small region of bacteriophage λ DNA called the cos sequence. This sequence allows ...
Microviridae
... phi X174, G4 and phi K" Biochim Biophys Acta 1130(3) 277-288 Aoyama A, Hayashi M (1986) Synthesis of bacteriophage phi X174 in ... Keegstra W, Baas PD, Jansz HS (1979) Bacteriophage phi X174 RF DNA replication in vivo. A study by electron microscopy" J Mol ... Tessman ES, Tessman I, Pollock TJ (1980) Gene K of bacteriophage phi X 174 codes for a nonessential protein" J Virol 33(1) 557- ... A protein of bacteriophage phi X174 into an ATT codon yields a viable phage indicating that A protein is not essential for phi ...
Phi X 174
The phi X 174 (or ΦX174) bacteriophage is a single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) virus that infects Escherichia coli, and the first DNA- ... Fiers W, Sinsheimer RL (October 1962). "The structure of the DNA of bacteriophage phi-X174. III. Ultracentrifugal evidence for ... January 1992). "Atomic structure of single-stranded DNA bacteriophage phi X174 and its functional implications". Nature. 355 ( ... A protein of bacteriophage phi X174 into an ATT codon yields a viable phage indicating that A protein is not essential for phi ...
Lin Chao
... his demonstration of Muller's ratchet in the RNA Virus Phi-6 and his work on sex in viruses. More recently, he was instrumental ... in the demonstration of the evolution of parasitic genetic elements in co-infecting bacteriophages and experimental tests of ...
Holin LLH family
"Molecular analysis of the region encoding the lytic system from Oenococcus oeni temperate bacteriophage phi 10MC". FEMS ... van der Ploeg, JR (2007). "Genome sequence of Streptococcus mutans bacteriophage M102". FEMS Microbiol Lett. 275 (1): 130-8. ... "Identification and characterization of the two-component cell lysis cassette encoded by temperate bacteriophage phiPYB5 of ... 105 (6): 1939-44. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.03953.x. PMID 19120640. S2CID 25967192. Reddy, Bhaskara L.; Saier Jr., Milton H ...
Polymerase cycling assembly
2003). "Generating a synthetic genome by whole genome assembly: [var phi]X174 bacteriophage from synthetic oligonucleotides". ... 6 (5): 343-345. doi:10.1038/nmeth.1318. PMID 19363495. Gibson Assembly video on YouTube. ...
Pseudomonas virus phiCTX
Nakayama, K; Kanaya, S; Ohnishi, M; Terawaki, Y; Hayashi, T (1999). "The complete nucleotide sequence of phi CTX, a cytotoxin- ... as Pseudomonas virus phiCTX is a bacteriophage) and the injection of the double stranded DNA; the host transcribes and ... converting phage of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Implications for phage evolution and horizontal gene transfer via bacteriophages". ... doi:10.1007/s00705-012-1299-6. PMID 22481600. Baltimore, D (1971). "Expression of animal virus genomes". Bacteriological ...
Bacteriophage P2
Clerch, B., E. Rivera, and M. Llagostera, Bacteriophage PSP3 and phi R73 activator proteins: analysis of promoter specificities ... The P2-like bacteriophages. In R. Calendar (ed.), The bacteriophages. Oxford Press, Oxford, 2005: p. 365-390 Lindahl, G., ... Bacteriophage P2 was first isolated by G. Bertani from the Lisbonne and Carrère strain of E. coli in 1951. Since that time, a ... Bacteriophage P2, scientific name Escherichia virus P2, is a temperate phage that infects E. coli. It is a tailed virus with a ...
Hamilton O. Smith
In 2003 the same group synthetically assembled the genome of a virus, Phi X 174 bacteriophage. Currently, Smith is scientific ... 70 (6): 540. doi:10.1016/s0025-6196(11)64310-3. PMID 7776712. Berg, K. (1978). "The Nobel prize in physiology and medicine 1978 ...
Φ29 DNA polymerase
Garmendia C, Bernad A, Esteban JA, Blanco L, Salas M (February 1992). "The bacteriophage phi 29 DNA polymerase, a proofreading ... Φ29 is a bacteriophage of Bacillus subtilis with a sequenced, linear, 19,285 base pair DNA genome. Each 5' end is covalently ... Bernad A, Blanco L, Salas M (September 1990). "Site-directed mutagenesis of the YCDTDS amino acid motif of the phi 29 DNA ... Φ29 DNA polymerase is an enzyme from the bacteriophage Φ29. It is being increasingly used in molecular biology for multiple ...
Mallory Smith
Unfortunately the superbug had survived in her throat and she passed away on November 15, 2017 at age 25 before bacteriophage ... She attended Stanford University, graduating Phi Beta Kappa, majoring in human biology with a concentration in environmental ... This allowed her to push for experimental options with bacteriophage treatment, which engineers viruses to destroy bacteria. ... Retrieved 6 March 2019. Boodman, Eric (12 November 2017). "To save a young woman besieged by superbugs, scientists hunt a ...
Genome
"Nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage phi X174 DNA". Nature. 265 (5596): 687-95. Bibcode:1977Natur.265..687S. doi:10.1038/ ... Court DL, Oppenheim AB, Adhya SL (January 2007). "A new look at bacteriophage lambda genetic networks". Journal of Bacteriology ... Sanger F, Coulson AR, Hong GF, Hill DF, Petersen GB (December 1982). "Nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage lambda DNA". Journal ... Bacteriophage MS2). The next year, Fred Sanger completed the first DNA-genome sequence: Phage Φ-X174, of 5386 base pairs. The ...
Bioinformatics
"Nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage phi X174 DNA". Nature. 265 (5596): 687-95. Bibcode:1977Natur.265..687S. doi:10.1038/ ... In the 1970's, new techniques for sequencing DNA were applied to bacteriophage MS2 and øX174, and the extended nucleotide ... ISBN 0-470-02175-6 Kohane, et al. Microarrays for an Integrative Genomics. The MIT Press, 2002. ISBN 0-262-11271-X Lund, O. et ... 6: 24373. Bibcode:2016NatSR...624373C. doi:10.1038/srep24373. PMC 4829868. PMID 27071527.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors ...
History of genetics
Feb 1977). "Nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage phi X174 DNA". Nature. 265 (5596): 687-95. Bibcode:1977Natur.265..687S. doi: ... 1972: Walter Fiers and his team were the first to determine the sequence of a gene: the gene for bacteriophage MS2 coat protein ... Sanger's lab sequence the entire genome of bacteriophage Φ-X174. In the late 1970s: nonisotopic methods of nucleic acid ... Hershey, AD; Chase, M (May 1952). "Independent functions of viral protein and nucleic acid in growth of bacteriophage". J. Gen ...
Sequence analysis
February 1977). "Nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage phi X174 DNA". Nature. 265 (5596): 687-95. Bibcode:1977Natur.265..687S. ... "Nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage phi X174 DNA". Nature. 265 (5596): 687-695. doi:10.1038/265687a0. PMID 870828. Levitt M ( ... leading to the publication of the first complete genome of a bacteriophage in 1977. Robert Holley and his team in Cornell ... 6 (2): e1000667. doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000667. PMC 2829047 . PMID 20195499. Stanke, M; Waack, S (Oct 19, 2003). "Gene ...
Holin
The first class III holin to be characterized was the bacteriophage T4-encoded t protein (T4 holin). Other examples include the ... The Erwinia Phage Phi-Ea1h Holin (EPPE-Hol) Family 1.E.59 - The Putative Acholeplasma Phage L2 Holin (L2 Holin) Family 9.B.109 ... Veiga-Crespo P; Barros-Velázquez J; Villa T.G. (2007). Méndez-Vilas A (ed.). "What can bacteriophages do for us?" (PDF). ... Holins are a diverse group of small proteins produced by dsDNA bacteriophages in order to trigger and control the degradation ...
Bacillus phage
A Bacillus phage is a member of a group of bacteriophages known to have bacteria in the genus Bacillus as host species. These ... Blanco, L; Salas, M (September 1984). "Characterization and purification of a phage phi 29-encoded DNA polymerase required for ... Salas, Margarita; Blanco, Luis; Lázaro, José M.; de Vega, Miguel (12 December 2007). "The bacteriophage ϕ29 DNA polymerase". ... "The SPO1-related bacteriophages" (PDF). Archives of Virology. 155 (10): 1547-1561. doi:10.1007/s00705-010-0783-0. PMID 20714761 ...
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of proteins
In addition to distance restraints, restraints on the torsion angles of the chemical bonds, typically the psi and phi angles, ... Common techniques include addition of bacteriophages or bicelles to the sample, or preparation of the sample in a stretched ... Thus each peak can be converted into a maximum distance between the nuclei, usually between 1.8 and 6 angstroms. The intensity ...
Rudolph Fisher
... and graduated Phi Beta Kappa, Delta Sigma Rho, and Sigma Xi.[3][4] During this time, he earned his Bachelor of Arts from Brown ... during which time he published two scientific articles of his research on treating Bacteriophage viruses with ultraviolet light ... "Action of Ultraviolet Light upon Bacteriophage and Filterable Viruses". Proceedings of the Society of Experimental Biology and ... "The Resistance of Different Concentrations of a Bacteriophage of Ultraviolet Rays". Journal of Infectious Diseases 40 (1927). ...
Геном - Вікіпедія
1977). Nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage phi X174 DNA. Nature 265 (5596): 687-695. Bibcode:1977Natur.265..687S. PMID 870828 ... Court, D. L.; Oppenheim, A. B.; Adhya, S. L. (2007). A new look at bacteriophage lambda genetic networks. Journal of ... Sanger, F.; Coulson, A.R.; Hong, G.F.; Hill, D.F.; Petersen, G.B. (1982). Nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage lambda DNA. ... Complete nucleotide-sequence of bacteriophage MS2-RNA - primary and secondary structure of replicase gene. Nature 260 (5551): ...
Virology
In 2003 a faster method was shown to assemble the 5386-base genome of the bacteriophage Phi X 174 in two weeks. The giant ... In 1977, Frederick Sanger achieved the first complete sequencing of the genome of any organism, the bacteriophage Phi X 174. In ... Bacteriophages occasionally move genetic material from one bacterial cell to another in a process known as transduction, and ... Bacteriophages, the viruses which infect bacteria, can be relatively easily grown as viral plaques on bacterial cultures. ...
DNA sequencing
"Nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage phi X174 DNA". Nature. 265 (5596): 687-95. Bibcode:1977Natur.265..687S. doi:10.1038/ ... Min Jou W, Haegeman G, Ysebaert M, Fiers W (May 1972). "Nucleotide sequence of the gene coding for the bacteriophage MS2 coat ... The major landmark of RNA sequencing is the sequence of the first complete gene and the complete genome of Bacteriophage MS2, ... The first full DNA genome to be sequenced was that of bacteriophage φX174 in 1977. Medical Research Council scientists ...
Xenoma, a enciclopedia libre
"Nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage phi X174 DNA". Nature 265 (5596): 687-695. Bibcode:1977Natur.265..687S. PMID 870828. doi: ... Sanger, F.; Coulson, A.R.; Hong, G.F.; Hill, D.F.; Petersen, G.B. (1982). "Nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage lambda DNA". ... APS". Nature 407 (6800): 81-6. PMID 10993077. doi:10.1038/35024074.. *↑ Frederick R. Blattner, Guy Plunkett III; et al. (1997 ... "PLoS ONE 6 (9): e24882. PMC 3174227. PMID 21949776. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0024882.. ...
Natural computing
Smith, H., Hutchison III, C., Pfannkoch, C., and Venter, C. Generating a synthetic genome by whole genome assembly: {phi}X174 ... bacteriophage from synthetic oligonucleotides. PNAS 100, 26 (2003), 15440-15445. Sazani, P., Larralde, R., Szostak, J. A small ... Nature 406 (2000), 974-978 Adleman, L. Molecular computation of solutions to combinatorial problems Archived 6 February 2005 at ...
Site-directed mutagenesis
Directed mutagenesis Phi value analysis Hsu PD, Lander ES, Zhang F (June 2014). "Development and applications of CRISPR-Cas9 ... Hutchison Ca, 3.; Edgell, M. H. (1971). "Genetic Assay for Small Fragments of Bacteriophage φX174 Deoxyribonucleic Acid". ... effect of an extracistronic mutation on the in vitro propagation of bacteriophage Qbeta RNA". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 72 (1 ... The ssUDNA is extracted from the bacteriophage that is released into the medium, and then used as template for mutagenesis. An ...
Genom bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas
"Nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage phi X174 DNA". Nature 265 (5596): 687-695. ... 6,4. 23. Hasil Proyek Genom Manusia.[29][30]. Genom prokariota[sunting , sunting sumber]. Genom eukariota[sunting , sunting ... 4,6 Mb. 4.288. 924. 1. [16]. Bakteria. Sorangium cellulosum. 13.033.779. 13 Mb. 9.367. 721. 1. Genom bakteria terbesar yang ... 6. Genom hewan multiselular yang pertama disekuensing, 1998[22]. Eukariota. Arabidopsis thaliana (tumbuhan berbunga). 125.000. ...
Genome - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
1977). "Nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage phi X174 DNA". Nature. 265 (5596): 687-695.. ... 1976). "Complete nucleotide-sequence of bacteriophage MS2-RNA - primary and secondary structure of replicase gene". Nature. 260 ...
DNA sequencing
"Nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage phi X174 DNA". Nature. 265 (5596): 687-95. Bibcode:1977Natur.265..687S. doi:10.1038/ ... The first full DNA genome to be sequenced was that of bacteriophage φX174 in 1977.[25] Medical Research Council scientists ... The major landmark of RNA sequencing is the sequence of the first complete gene and the complete genome of Bacteriophage MS2, ... Min Jou W, Haegeman G, Ysebaert M, Fiers W (May 1972). "Nucleotide sequence of the gene coding for the bacteriophage MS2 coat ...
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of proteins
Common techniques include addition of bacteriophages or bicelles to the sample, or preparation of the sample in a stretched ... In addition to distance restraints, restraints on the torsion angles of the chemical bonds, typically the psi and phi angles, ... 6][7] This is usually done using some of the following experiments, HNCO, HN(CA)CO, HNCA,[8] HN(CO)CA, HNCACB and CBCA(CO)NH. ... Thus each peak can be converted into a maximum distance between the nuclei, usually between 1.8 and 6 angstroms. The intensity ...
174 (number)
Phi X 174 bacteriophage was the first DNA-based genome to be sequenced ...
Pathogen
Common bacteriophage include T7 and Lamda phage.[17] There are bacteriophages that infect every kind of bacteria including both ... Pathogen-Host Interaction Database (PHI-base). ReferencesEdit. *^ "Pathogen". Dictionary.com Unabridged. Random House. ... Bacteriophages are viruses, also known as phage, that infect bacteria often leading to the death of the bacteria that was ... 63 (6): 1055-1068. ISSN 0042-9686. PMC 2536484. PMID 3879673.. *^ a b "List of Vaccines , CDC". www.cdc.gov. 2019-04-15. ...
Genomics
"Nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage phi X174 DNA". Nature. 265 (5596): 687-95. Bibcode:1977Natur.265..687S. doi:10.1038/ ... Viruses and bacteriophagesEdit. Bacteriophages have played and continue to play a key role in bacterial genetics and molecular ... Bacteriophage genome sequences can be obtained through direct sequencing of isolated bacteriophages, but can also be derived as ... Also the first genome to be sequenced was a bacteriophage. However, bacteriophage research did not lead the genomics revolution ...
Virus, den frie encyklopædi
En meget velundersøgt bakteriofag, Phi-X174 har et genom af ssDNA på 5386 nukleotider, der koder for 11 proteiner. Det mindste ... Jumbo Bacteriophages: An Overview. Frontiers in Microbiology 2017 *^ a b The Global Virome Project. Science 2018 ... Bakteriofag eller "fag", ofte skrevet som det græske bogstav Φ (phi), reproducerer i en bakterie. ... Flertalsformerne vira og virusser er fordanskede udgaver[6] Historisk[redigér , redigér wikikode]. Opdaget af botanikeren D. ...
Mudelorganism - Vikipeedia
Phi X 174 on esimene DNA-l baseeruv genoom, mis sekveneeriti. Rõngasgenoom koosneb 11 geenist ja selles on 5386 aluspaari.[5] ... Bacteriophage phiX174 *↑ Kenneth Todar. All About E. coli *↑ Genome sequence of the bacterium Caulobacter crescentus ... 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,5 2,6 2,7 2,8 Using Model Organisms to Study Health and Disease ... 2010). "The dynamic genome of Hydra". Nature 464 (7288): 592-6. *↑ Susan E. Wilson-Sanders. Invertebrate Models for Biomedical ...
弗雷德里克·桑格 - 维基百科,自由的百科
Phi X 174)(Phage Φ-X174)的基因組序列。這也是首次完整的基因組定序工作。他所發明的技術比起當時其他方法使用了較不具毒性的材料。主要是先進行DNA 合成,利用DNA引子和DNA聚合酶使DNA鏈得以展開複製,再利用雙去氧核苷酸( ... Sanger, F.; Coulson, A.R.; Barrell, B.G.; Smith, A.J.; Roe, B.A., Cloning in single-stranded bacteriophage as an aid to rapid ... Sanger, F.; Coulson, A.R.; Hong, G.F.; Hill, D
DNA-sekvensering
Nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage phi X174 DNA». Nature. 265 (5596): 687-695.. CS1-vedlikehold: Flere navn: forfatterliste ( ... terminal region of gene G of bacteriophage phi X 174». Journal of Molecular Biology. 96 (4): 703-719.. CS1-vedlikehold: Flere ... Biter av sekvenser ble først sekvensert i 1975 (fra bakteriofag Phi X 174).[1] Det første genomet til en frittlevende organisme ... Med den første fullstendige genom sekvenseringen av bakteriofagen phi X 174 i 1977 ble metoden publisert[2], og Sanger mottok ...
Bacteriophage
λ phage, T5 phage, phi, C2, L5, HK97, N15 Podoviridae. Nonenveloped, noncontractile tail (short). Linear dsDNA. T7 phage, T3 ... Bacteriophages are among the most common and diverse entities in the biosphere.[1] Bacteriophages are ubiquitous viruses, found ... A bacteriophage (/bækˈtɪərioʊfeɪdʒ/), also known informally as a phage (/feɪdʒ/), is a virus that infects and replicates within ... 2×108 bacteriophages per mL.[47] Bacteriophages are thought to extensively contribute to horizontal gene transfer in natural ...
மரபணுத்தொகை - தமிழ் விக்கிப்பீடியா
"Nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage phi X174 DNA". Nature 265 (5596): 687-695. doi:10.1038/265687a0. பப்மெட்:870828. http:// ... "Complete nucleotide-sequence of bacteriophage MS2-RNA - primary and secondary structure of replicase gene". Nature 260: 500- ...
Frederick Sanger tiếng Việt
Wikipedia® là thương hiệu đã đăng ký của Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., một tổ chức phi lợi nhuận.. *Liên lạc với Wikipedia ... Sanger, F.; Coulson, A.R.; Barrell, B.G.; Smith, A.J.; Roe, B.A. (1980), "Cloning in single-stranded bacteriophage as an aid to ... Sanger, F.; Coulson, A.R.; Hong, G.F.; Hill, D.F.; Petersen, G.B. (1982), "Nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage λ DNA", Journal ... "Nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage φX174 DNA", Nature, 265 (5596): 687-695, Bibcode:1977Natur.265..687S, doi:10.1038/265687a0 ...
Phi
An abbreviation for the word bacteriophage *Mϕ is used as an abbreviation for the word macrophage ... Phi. (. Φ. {\displaystyle \Phi \,\!}. ), \phi. (. ϕ. {\displaystyle \phi \,\!}. ), and \varphi. (. φ. {\displaystyle \varphi ... displaystyle \phi }. Used in Greek texts U+03D5. GREEK PHI SYMBOL. ϕ. {\displaystyle \phi \,\!}. ϕ (ϕ). ϕ. {\displaystyle \phi ... displaystyle \Phi \,\!}. Φ. Φ. {\displaystyle \Phi }. Used in Greek texts U+03C6. GREEK SMALL LETTER PHI. or φ. φ. {\ ...
Richard Feynman
... where he joined the Pi Lambda Phi fraternity.[31] Although he originally majored in mathematics, he later switched to ... "Mapping experiments with r mutants of bacteriophage T4D". Genetics (published February 1962). 47 (2): 179-86. PMC 1210321 ... 51 (1): 6-22. ISSN 0013-7812.. Books[edit]. *Brown, Laurie M. and Rigden, John S. (editors) (1993) Most of the Good Stuff: ... 7 (6): 313-320. Bibcode:1969PhTea...7..313F. doi:10.1119/1.2351388. Retrieved December 15, 2016.. Lecture presented at the ...
Parasitism
doi:10.1094/PHI-I-2004-0330-01.. *^ Westwood, James H.; Yoder, John I.; Timko, Michael P.; dePamphilis, Claude W. (2010). "The ... Enterobacteria phage T4 is a bacteriophage virus. It infects its host, Escherichia coli, by injecting its DNA through its tail ... Main articles: Virus and Bacteriophage. Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites, characterised by extremely limited ... 3 (6): 504-510. doi:10.1038/nrmicro1163. PMID 15886693.. *^ a b Dobson, A.; Lafferty, K. D.; Kuris, A. M.; Hechinger, R. F.; ...
Genom bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas
"Nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage phi X174 DNA". Nature. 265 (5596): 687-695.. Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list ( ... 4,6 Mb 4.288 924 1 [16] Bakteria Sorangium cellulosum 13.033.779 13 Mb 9.367 721 1 Genom bakteria terbesar yang diketahui saat ... 6,4 23 Hasil Proyek Genom Manusia.[29][30] Genom prokariota[sunting , sunting sumber]. Genom eukariota[sunting , sunting sumber ... 6 Genom hewan multiselular yang pertama disekuensing, 1998[22] Eukariota Arabidopsis thaliana (tumbuhan berbunga) 125.000.000 ...
Multiple displacement amplification
Bacteriophage Φ29 DNA polymerase is a high-processivity enzyme that can produce DNA amplicons greater than 70 kilobase pairs. ... Esteban JA, Salas M, Blanco L (1993). "Fidelity of phi 29 DNA polymerase. Comparison between protein-primed initiation and DNA ... "Highly efficient DNA synthesis by the phage phi 29 DNA polymerase. Symmetrical mode of DNA replication". The Journal of ... 102 (48): 17332-6. Bibcode:2005PNAS..10217332H. doi:10.1073/pnas.0508809102. PMC 1283157. PMID 16286637. Paez JG, Lin M, ...
Xanthomonas
doi:10.1094/PHI-I-2000-1027-01. Mew TW, Alvarez AM, Leach JE, Swings J (1993). "Focus on bacterial blight of rice". Plant ... Potential use of bacteriophages is also considered, however major limiting factors are their sensitivity to environmental ... 110 (6): 1153-1160. doi:10.1094/phyto-03-19-0098-le. ISSN 0031-949X. Schaad NW, Jones JB, Chun W (2001). "Laboratory Guide for ... 6 (1): 6453. Bibcode:2015NatCo...6.6453S. doi:10.1038/ncomms7453. PMID 25743609. Bayer-Santos E, Lima LD, Ceseti LM, Ratagami ...
Pseudomonas phage phi6 (Bacteriophage phi-6)
"Nucleotide sequence of the large double-stranded RNA segment of bacteriophage phi 6: genes specifying the viral replicase and ... "Nucleotide sequence of the middle dsRNA segment of bacteriophage phi 6: placement of the genes of membrane-associated proteins ... "Nucleotide sequence of the small double-stranded RNA segment of bacteriophage phi 6: novel mechanism of natural translational ...
The P5 protein from bacteriophage phi-6 is a distant homolog of lytic transglycosylases
... Protein Sci. 2005 May;14(5):1370-4. doi ... which contains just one P5 protein from bacteriophage phi-6. We show that this singleton sequence possesses conserved sequence ... Since previous biochemical experiments with P5 of phi-6 have indicated that the purified enzyme possesses endopeptidase ...
Transcriptional regulation of three double-stranded RNA segments of bacteriophage phi 6 in vitro. - Semantic Scholar
... transcriptase are responsible for the transcriptional regulation throughout the infection cycle of bacteriophage phi 6. ... Three double-stranded RNA segments of bacteriophage phi 6 (L, M, and S) were transcribed in vitro by a virion-associated RNA ... Three double-stranded RNA segments of bacteriophage phi 6 (L, M, and S) were transcribed in vitro by a virion-associated RNA ... Transcriptional regulation of three double-stranded RNA segments of bacteriophage phi 6 in vitro.. @article{ ...
Persistence of Bacteriophage Phi 6 on Porous and Nonporous Surfaces and the Potential for Its Use as an Ebola Virus or...
The bacteriophage phi 6 has a phospholipid envelope and is commonly used in environmental studies as a surrogate for human ... The coupons were placed at two controlled absolute humidity (AH) levels: a low AH of 3.0 g/m, and a high AH of 14.4 g/m, Phi 6 ... Phi 6 was suspended in a body fluid simulant and inoculated onto 1-cm, coupons of steel, plastic, and two fabric curtain types ... The persistence of phi 6 was evaluated as a surrogate for Ebola virus (EBOV) and coronaviruses on porous and nonporous hospital ...
Category:Bacteriophages - Wikimedia Commons
Bacteriophage Phi X 174 (6 B). *. ► Bacteriophage trimeric proteins domain (1 C) ... Media in categorie "Bacteriophages". Deze categorie bevat de volgende 77 bestanden, van in totaal 77. ... ADVERTISEMENT; Antivirus and bacteriophages Wellcome L0032605.jpg 5.228 × 3.451; 7,23 MB. ... The arrangement of known genes of bacteriophage T12 after integration into host.png 917 × 456; 28 kB. ...
Persistence of Bacteriophage Phi 6 on Porous and Nonporous Surfaces and the Potential for Its Use as an Ebola Virus or...
Persistence of Bacteriophage Phi 6 on Porous and Nonporous Surfaces and the Potential for Its Use as an Ebola Virus or ... Persistence of Bacteriophage Phi 6 on Porous and Nonporous Surfaces and the Potential for Its Use as an Ebola Virus or ... The bacteriophage phi 6 has a phospholipid envelope and is commonly used in environmental studies as a surrogate for human ... The coupons were placed at two controlled absolute humidity (AH) levels: a low AH of 3.0 g/m3 and a high AH of 14.4 g/m3 Phi 6 ...
Insights into the pre-initiation events of bacteriophage phi 6 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase: towards the assembly of a...
In this study, structure-based mutagenesis, enzymatic assays and molecular mapping of bacteriophage phi 6 RdRP and its RNA were ... the overall polymerization activity of the phi 6 RdRP can be greatly enhanced. ... Amino Acid Sequence, Bacteriophage phi 6, Molecular Sequence Data, Mutagenesis, Site-Directed, RNA, RNA Replicase, Templates, ... In this study, structure-based mutagenesis, enzymatic assays and molecular mapping of bacteriophage phi 6 RdRP and its RNA were ...
COVID-19 Decontamination and Reuse of Filtering Facepiece Respirators | CDC
co-contaminated 3M 1870 FFRs with three bacteriophages, T1, T7, and Phi 6, and decontaminated the FFRs using VHP generated from ... MS2 bacteriophage. 99.9% for all tested viruses. 12, 13, 14. Microwave generated steam. 1100-1250 W microwave models (range: 40 ... of bacteriophage MS2, a non-enveloped virus, and H1N1 influenza A/PR/8/34 were achieved with much lower doses of approximately ... inactivation of MS2 bacteriophage. Filtration performance of all tested FFRs scored above NIOSH certification requirements. ...
Staff Profile - Faculty of Medical Sciences - Newcastle University
METHOD FOR RETROVIRUS REMOVAL - Millipore Corporation
Examples of such bacteriophages include Phi-6 and PR772. Practice shows that filters exhibiting a certain level of retention ... The membrane has been extensively tested using the 78 nm diameter bacteriophage Phi 6. This bacteriophage is readily grown to ... The bacteriophage PR772 challenge stream was prepared with a minimum titer of 1.0×107 pfu/mL in a phosphate buffer saline (PBS ... Quantification of bacteriophage in the initial and final feed were conducted on plates incubated overnight using a light box ...
The crystal structure of the CopC protein from Pseudomonas fluorescens reveals amended classifications for the CopC protein...
Accessory genome of the multi-drug resistant ocular isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA34.
A frequently encountered Pseudomonas phage is BACTERIOPHAGE PHI 6.. Extensively Drug-resistant Tuberculosis ... A bacteriophage carried the aminoglycoside resistance gene (AAC(3)-IId). The two plasmids carried other six antibiotic ... A family of bacteriophages that infects enterobacteria, CAULOBACTER, and PSEUDOMONAS. The genome consists of linear, positive- ...
Competition and viral diversification | Biology Letters
2006 Pleiotropic costs of niche expansion in the RNA bacteriophage phi 6. Genetics 172, 751-757. doi:10.1534/genetics. ... The RNA bacteriophage ϕ6 used in this study is a laboratory strain descended from the original isolate [12]. The bacterium ... 1973 Bacteriophage φ6: a lipid-containing virus of Pseudomonas phaseolicola. J. Virol. 11, 799-805. ... 1976 Genetic studies of temperature-sensitive bacteriophage and nonsense mutants of φ6. Virology 223, 218-223. doi:10.1016/0042 ...
Pseudomonas virus phi6 - Wikipedia
Φ6 (Phi 6) is the best-studied bacteriophage of the virus family Cystoviridae. It infects Pseudomonas bacteria (typically plant ... Φ6 and its relatives have a lipid membrane around their nucleocapsid, a rare trait among bacteriophages. It is a lytic phage, ... its structure has been studied by scientists interested in lipid-containing bacteriophages, and it has been used as a model ... "Structure-Function Insights Into the RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase of the dsRNA Bacteriophage Φ6". Segmented Double-stranded RNA ...
Table of Contents | Journal of Virology
Method of inactivation of viral and bacterial blood contaminants - Credit, Managers Association Of California
A suspension (0.1 ml) of bacteriophage lambda or bacteriophage phi-X174, of at least 10 EV PFU/ml, is separately added to 4 ml ... Each suspension of bacteriophage with a radiation sensitizing compound is then exposed to U.V. radiation of the preferred ... Other bacteriophage suspensions are separately irradiated as above, but without added sensitizer, to demonstrate the effect of ... Compound I is also effective against a single-stranded DNA virus, phi-X174. Compound I is most preferred, showing a high (at ...
Table of Contents | Journal of Virology
a) Representative fits to Equation (2) for Ile340 and | Open-i
Bacteriophage phi 6/enzymology*. *RNA Replicase/chemistry*/metabolism. Minor. *Guanosine Triphosphate/analogs & derivatives/ ... forms the central machinery in the infection cycle of the bacteriophage phi6 by performing the dual tasks of replication and ... forms the central machinery in the infection cycle of the bacteriophage phi6 by performing the dual tasks of replication and ... forms the central machinery in the infection cycle of the bacteriophage phi6 by performing the dual tasks of replication and ...
The Evolution and Genetics of Virus Host Shifts | proLékaře.cz
DuffyS, TurnerPE, BurchCL (2006) Pleiotropic costs of niche expansion in the RNA bacteriophage phi 6. Genetics 172: 751-757. ... In bacteriophage (viruses of bacteria), mutations that enhance a virus ability to bind to host cells are important in ... TetartF, RepoilaF, MonodC, KrischHM (1996) Bacteriophage T4 host range is expanded by duplications of a small domain of the ... Genome Biol Evol 6: 273-289.. 31. WeinertLA, WelchJJ, SuchardMA, LemeyP, RambautA, et al. (2012) Molecular dating of human-to- ...
The Use of Bacteriophage Phi X174 to Assess the Immune Competence of HIV-Infected Patients In Vivo - Full Text View -...
The Use of Bacteriophage Phi X174 to Assess the Immune Competence of HIV-Infected Patients In Vivo. The safety and scientific ... kinetics of bacteriophage clearance following primary immunization, quantitation of bacteriophage phi X174 specific antibody ... kinetics of bacteriophage clearance following primary immunization, quantitation of bacteriophage phi X174 specific antibody ... Bacteriophage phi X174 immunization is a method that has been in use for more than 25 years to assess the immunity of patients ...
peptidas.txt
... bacteriophage mu) - U40 Protein P5 murein endopeptidase (bacteriophage phi-6) - U48 CAAX prenyl protease 2 - U49 Peptidase lit ... bacteriophage A118) No D vanX D-Ala-D-Ala dipeptidase Yes M74 Murein endopeptidase Yes ME M16 A Pitrilysin Yes PDOC00130 B ... 248:183-228(1995). [ 6] Reeck G.R., de Haen C., Teller D.C., Doolittle R.F., Fitch W.M., et al. "Homology" in proteins and ... The following definitions apply: Homology -------- Homology means evolutionary relationship [6]. Peptidase family ...
List of MeSH codes (B04) - Wikipedia
... bacteriophage phi x 174 MeSH B04.123.660.535 - bacteriophage pf1 MeSH B04.123.660.550 - bacteriophage phi 6 MeSH B04.123. ... bacteriophage p1 MeSH B04.123.205.305 - bacteriophage p2 MeSH B04.123.205.320 - bacteriophage phi x 174 MeSH B04.123.205.350 - ... bacteriophage t4 MeSH B04.123.205.891.230 - bacteriophage t7 MeSH B04.123.230.070 - bacteriophage phi 6 MeSH B04.123.370.400 - ... bacteriophage n4 MeSH B04.123.150.700.070 - bacteriophage p22 MeSH B04.123.150.700.100 - bacteriophage t3 MeSH B04.123.150.700. ...
Sex enhances adaptation by unlinking beneficial from detrimental mutations in experimental yeast populations | BMC Evolutionary...
Poon A, Chao L: Drift increases the advantage of sex in RNA bacteriophage Phi 6. Genetics. 2004, 166 (1): 19-24. 10.1534/ ... Malmberg RL: The evolution of epistasis and the advantage of recombination in populations of bacteriophage T4. Genetics. 1977, ... 1999, 53 (6): 1966-1971. 10.2307/2640455.View ArticleGoogle Scholar. *. Szafraniec K, Borts RH, Korona R: Environmental stress ... We empirically estimated that this procedure allowed 78 ± 6% of matings to be outcrossed in the sexual lines (n = 6) by ...
WO2018069267A1 - Phi6 internal control compositions, devices & methods
- Google Patents
Bacteriophage Φ6 (Phi 6) is an enveloped double stranded RNA virus with a segmented genome. Unlike single stranded RNA genomes ... 1 shows the structure of the Phi6 bacteriophage. Fig. 2 shows a sample processing device that can be used with the compositions ... 4(a) (bottom panel is Ct and top panel is amplitude). The results indicate that when using a Tris-buffer, Phi6 bacteriophage is ... The method of any one of claims 12 to 14, wherein Phi6 bacteriophage is reverse transcribed and/or amplified as an RNA standard ...
Welcome to CDC stacks
Fitness of RNA virus decreased by Muller's ratchet
Effects of single mutations from experimental evolution of microbial proteins: Thermostability in phi-6 Cystovirus and toxin...
Grishin Lab: Publications
J.Pei and N.V.Grishin (2005) "The P5 protein from bacteriophage phi-6 is a distant homolog of lytic transglycosylases". Protein ... H.Cheng, N.Shen, J.Pei and N.V.Grishin (2004) "Double-stranded DNA Bacteriophage Prohead Protease Is Homologous to Herpesvirus ... E 97(6-1): 062404; PMID: 30011480 309. J.Pei L.N.Kinch, N.V.Grishin (2018) "FlyXCDB -- a resource for Drosophila cell surface ... Biol. 6: 8 PMID: 16603087. 118. E.D.Nelson and N.V.Grishin (2006) "Alternate pathways for folding in the flavodoxin fold family ...
Grishin Lab: Research
... which contains just one P5 protein from bacteriophage phi-6. We show that this singleton sequence possesses conserved sequence ... Structural similarity between Cre recombinase and MarA: Ribbon diagrams of a Cre recombinase from bacteriophage P1 (1crx) and b ... First, the P5 protein from bacteriophage phi8, which belongs to COG3926 and Pfam family DUF847, is predicted to have a new ... Since previous biochemical experiments with P5 of phi-6 have indicated that the purified enzyme possesses endopeptidase ...
Bacteriophages and Diffusion of β-Lactamase Genes - Volume 10, Number 6-June 2004 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC
... of antibiotic resistance markers among Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans strains by temperate bacteriophages Aa phi 23. Cell ... we also tested for bacteriophages from 100 mL of sewage in samples 1A and 2A (Table). Bacteriophages partially purified from ... The band in which we expected a broad range of bacteriophages (10), corresponding to a density of 1.46 ± 0.5 g mL-1, was ... To partially purify bacteriophages, two assay approaches were used to optimize the method. For both approaches, 10 mL of sewage ...
PseudomonasPhi6GenomePhagesInfectsBacteriaLyticProteinsCharacterizationNucleotide sequencePhage phiX1742016Virulent bacteriophageLipid-containing bacFamily of bacteriophagesVirusesFilamentous bacteriophagesEvaluated as a surrogatePolymeraseSurrogateAssaysInfectionChemistryLambdaPorousResistanceBacterialNucleotidesGenesBiofilmsMutants2001MYOVIRIDAESalmonellaGenusCoronavirusBiofilmCystoviridaeVirusGeneSingle-strandedHomologyDescribes
Pseudomonas11
- Rescue of maturation off-pathway products in the assembly of Pseudomonas phage φ 6. (semanticscholar.org)
- Virulent bacteriophage and sole member of the genus Cystovirus that infects Pseudomonas species. (bvsalud.org)
- A frequently encountered Pseudomonas phage is BACTERIOPHAGE PHI 6. (lookformedical.com)
- Gospodarzem faga ф 6 jest Pseudomonas syringae, Gram - ujemna bakteria, patogen wielu gatunków roślin uprawnych. (edu.pl)
- Phage ф 6 infects Pseudomonas syringae, a Gram - negative bacterium, a pathogen of a number of crops. (edu.pl)
- Complete Genome Sequence of the Pseudomonas fluorescens Bacteriophage UFV-P2. (nih.gov)
- The complete nucleotide sequence of phi CTX, a cytotoxin-converting phage of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: implications for phage evolution and horizontal gene transfer via bacteriophages. (nih.gov)
- A novel bacteriophage KSL-1 of 2-Keto-gluconic acid producer Pseudomonas fluorescens K1005: isolation, characterization and its remedial action. (nih.gov)
- Pseudomonas was effectively cleared (reduced by a magnitude of at least 3 to 4 log units) from murine lungs in 6 h. (ucc.ie)
- We have identified two bacterial viruses (bacteriophages) that can kill Pseudomonas growing on human lung cells and in an animal model of lung infection. (ucc.ie)
- Cornelissen A, Ceyssens PJ, T'Syen J, Van Praet H, Noben JP, Shaburova OV, Krylov VN, Volckaert G, Lavigne R. The T7-related Pseudomonas putida phage $\phi$ 15 displays virion associated biofilm degradation properties. (koreascience.or.kr)
Phi62
- The de novo initiating RNA-directed RNA polymerase (RdRP), P2, forms the central machinery in the infection cycle of the bacteriophage phi6 by performing the dual tasks of replication and transcription of the double-stranded RNA genome in the host cell. (nih.gov)
- Cryo-electron tomography of bacteriophage phi6 procapsids shows random occupancy of the binding sites for RNA polymerase and packaging NTPase. (naver.com)
Genome9
- The complete nucleotide sequence of the double stranded DNA genome ofbacteriophage Phi O18P consists of 33,985 bp. (uni-bielefeld.de)
- On the Phi O18P genome 46 open reading frames (orfs) were identified which are organized in the modules integration and regulation, replication, head, packaging, tail and lysis. (uni-bielefeld.de)
- Comparison of the genome architecture with those of other bacteriophages revealed significant similarities to the P2 phage family and especially to the prophages of Aeromonas salmonicida and the Vibrio cholerae phage K139. (uni-bielefeld.de)
- A DNA sequence for the genome of bacteriophage phi X174 of approximately 5,375 nucleotides has been determined using the rapid and simple 'plus and minus' method. (meta.org)
- Microviridae is a family of bacteriophages with a single-stranded DNA genome. (wikipedia.org)
- The phi MAM1 genome mTOR inhibitor shows high homology to previously reported ViI-like enterobacterial bacteriophage genomes. (cret-signal.com)
- Genome Research 19(6): 1117-1123. (els.net)
- Insertional inactivation of the Staphylococcus aureus beta-toxin by bacteriophage phi 13 occurs by site- and orientation-specific integration of the phi 13 genome. (nih.gov)
- Perhaps the most famous is the bacteriophage Phi-X174 with a genome size of 5386 nucleotides. (dailybazarkori.com)
Phages5
- Frequently encountered Bacillus phages include bacteriophage phi 29 and bacteriophage phi 105. (lookformedical.com)
- We isolated and characterized two phages from a local wastewater treatment plant, a myovirus (phi NH-4) and a podovirus (phi MR299-2). (ucc.ie)
- Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses that specifically infect bacteria. (asm.org)
- Although the existence of bacteriophages infecting C. perfringens has been reported ( 43 ) and a certain phenotypic effect of temperate phages of this organism has demonstrated ( 61 ), we were surprised to find that no sequences or other molecular data on C. perfringens phages were available, except for a preliminary mapping of the integration sites of two phages ( 7 ). (asm.org)
- It is now accepted that bacteriophages (phages) are the most abundant biological entities in most ecosystems and soda lakes are no exception, with studies conducted on Mono Lake placing viral abundance at 10 9 ml -1 , among the highest in natural aquatic environments [ 19 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Infects3
- Using a rapidly evolving bacteriophage, ϕ 6 (a virus that infects bacteria), we determined whether novel resource (host) use was more likely to evolve, and evolve more rapidly, when populations experienced greater competition for hosts. (royalsocietypublishing.org)
- Bactériophage P22 0 questions A species of temperate bacteriophage in the genus P22-like viruses, family PODOVIRIDAE, that infects SALMONELLA species. (lookformedical.com)
- A virulent bacteriophage (phi MAM1) that infects Serratia plymuthica was isolated from the natural environment and characterized. (cret-signal.com)
Bacteria9
- Increasing levels of resistance to antimicrobial agents in bacteria, particularly in gram-negative rods resistant to β-lactam antimicrobial drugs, have become evident ( 6 , 7 ). (cdc.gov)
- The major mechanism of resistance that causes clinically important infection in gram-negative bacteria is the production of β-lactamases, which includes chromosome- and plasmid-encoded enzymes ( 6 , 7 ). (cdc.gov)
- Tectiviridae 0 questions A family of lipid-containing bacteriophages with double capsids which infect both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. (lookformedical.com)
- 266. Klinman D.M., Yi A.K., Beaucage S.L., Conover J., Krieg A.M. CpG motifs present in bacteria DNA rapidly induce lymphocytes to secrete interleukin 6, interleukin 12, and interferon gamma. (x-pdf.ru)
- The potential of bacteriophage as an alternative biocontrol agent has recently been revisited due to the widespread occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. (asm.org)
- In all samples, different in bacteria, particularly in gram-negative rods resistant to Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonadaceae strains resist- -lactam antimicrobial drugs, have become evident (6,7). (cdc.gov)
- 1. A technique of bacterial typing which differentiates between bacteria or strains of bacteria by their susceptibility to one or more bacteriophages. (lexic.us)
- Although well studied with respect to their microbial composition, their viral compositions have not, and consequently few bacteriophages that infect bacteria from haloalkaline environments have been described. (biomedcentral.com)
- Prophages can also carry virulence factors that are necessary for bacteria to adopt pathogenic lifestyles, as is the case for the CTXϕ prophage of Vibrio cholerae ( 6 ). (asm.org)
Lytic1
- To investigate this question, I evolved the lytic RNA bacteriophage phi-6 for greater thermostability by exposing viral populations to heat shocks that increased to a maximum temperature at different rates. (washington.edu)
Proteins2
- 288. Laemmli U.K. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. (x-pdf.ru)
- Using newly identified bacteriophage receptor binding proteins for targeting, we constructed a panel of Avidocin-CDs that kills diverse C. difficile isolates in an S-layer sequence-dependent manner. (sciencemag.org)
Characterization4
- Since previous biochemical experiments with P5 of phi-6 have indicated that the purified enzyme possesses endopeptidase activity and not glycosidase activity, our results point to the possibility of a newly evolved molecular function and call for further experimental characterization of this unusual P5 protein. (nih.gov)
- Stanley E, Fitzgerald G, Le Marrec C, Fayard B, van Sinderen D. Sequence analysis and characterization of phi O1205, a temperate bacteriophage infecting Streptococcus thermophilus CNRZ1205. (labome.org)
- Isolation of a bacteriophage specific for a new capsular type of Klebsiella pneumo-niae and characterization of its polysaccharide depolymerase. (koreascience.or.kr)
- In addition to bacteriophage receptor recognition, characterization of the mutants also uncovered important roles for S-layer protein A (SlpA) in sporulation, resistance to innate immunity effectors, and toxin production. (sciencemag.org)
Nucleotide sequence2
Phage phi2
- The phage Phi O18P was induced from the Aeromonas media isolate O18. (uni-bielefeld.de)
- The complex of T7 RNA polymerase with the phage phi 10 promoter has been visualized indirectly by exploiting the ability of the polymerase to protect DNA sequences from cleavage by methidiumpropyl-EDTA X Fe(II). (pnas.org)
X1746
- The objective of this study is to evaluate the safety and utility of bacteriophage phi X174 immunization as a tool to assess the immune competence of HIV-infected patients at different stages of disease in vivo, and to assess the impact of viral load levels and therapy-induced changes in viral load levels on the response to immunization with the neo-antigen bacteriophage phi X174. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Bacteriophage phi X174 immunization is a method that has been in use for more than 25 years to assess the immunity of patients with various types of primary and secondary immunodeficiencies, including 48 HIV-infected patients. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- After screening and a two week pre-study evaluation, all eligible participants will receive a primary, secondary and tertiary immunization with 2 x 10(9) PFU/kg of bacteriophage phi X174 six weeks apart. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- The study endpoints are: safety (as measured by incidence of adverse events, CD4 cell count and HIV plasma RNA), kinetics of bacteriophage clearance following primary immunization, quantitation of bacteriophage phi X174 specific antibody titers following primary, secondary and tertiary immunizations and determination of qualitative and quantitative antibody isotype switching following secondary and tertiary immunizations. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- C. A. Hutchison III and R. L. Sinsheimer, "The process of infection with bacteriophage phi-X174. (hindawi.com)
- 6. ASTM F1671/F1671M-13: Standard test method for resistance of materials used in protective clothing to penetration by blood-borne pathogens using phi-X174 bacteriophage penetration as a test system. (cambridge.org)
20161
- 2016 Nov 18;6:146. (nih.gov)
Virulent bacteriophage1
- We isolated a virulent bacteriophage, SPC35, that can infect both Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Escherichia coli . (asm.org)
Lipid-containing bac1
- Φ6 has been studied as a model to understand how segmented RNA viruses package their genomes, its structure has been studied by scientists interested in lipid-containing bacteriophages, and it has been used as a model organism to test evolutionary theory such as Muller's ratchet. (wikipedia.org)
Family of bacteriophages1
- Cystoviridae 0 questions A family of bacteriophages containing one genus (Cystovirus) with one member (BACTERIOPHAGE PHI 6). (lookformedical.com)
Viruses7
- Under these laboratory-simulated Western indoor hospital conditions, we assessed the suitability of phi 6 as a surrogate for environmental persistence research related to enveloped viruses, including EBOV and coronaviruses. (cdc.gov)
- The bacteriophage phi 6 has a phospholipid envelope and is commonly used in environmental studies as a surrogate for human enveloped viruses. (cdc.gov)
- I initiated a study to examine the role of Muller's ratchet on the evolution of sex in RNA viruses and report here a significant decrease in fitness due to Muller's ratchet in 20 lineages of the RNA bacteriophage phi 6. (nih.gov)
- Bacteriophages such as phi 6 phage represent good surrogates for the study of airborne viruses. (bvsalud.org)
- The ZC1 and ZG1 coatings showed moderate activity against the phi 6 phage that has been selected as a surrogate for viruses such as coronaviruses. (bvsalud.org)
- One of them is a tiny virus called bacteriophage phi-6, which researchers are studying in an effort to combat a similar, but more-complex, group of viruses that can cause life-threatening dehydration in young children. (blogspot.com)
- Because the tiny virus is easy to work with in the lab and has a genetic blueprint made of RNA, bacteriophage phi-6 has proven to be a valuable model for studying rotavirus and other more complex, double-stranded RNA viruses that make people sick. (blogspot.com)
Filamentous bacteriophages2
- Inoviridae 0 questions A family of rod-shaped or filamentous bacteriophages consisting of single-stranded DNA. (lookformedical.com)
- Although filamentous bacteriophages are known to target type IV pili, this is the first report of a phage that apparently uses a competence pilus as a receptor. (asm.org)
Evaluated as a surrogate1
- The persistence of phi 6 was evaluated as a surrogate for Ebola virus (EBOV) and coronaviruses on porous and nonporous hospital surfaces. (cdc.gov)
Polymerase4
- Three double-stranded RNA segments of bacteriophage phi 6 (L, M, and S) were transcribed in vitro by a virion-associated RNA polymerase. (semanticscholar.org)
- Insights into the pre-initiation events of bacteriophage phi 6 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase: towards the assembly of a productive binary complex. (ox.ac.uk)
- In this study, structure-based mutagenesis, enzymatic assays and molecular mapping of bacteriophage phi 6 RdRP and its RNA were used to elucidate the roles of the negatively charged plough area on the polymerase surface, of the rim of the template tunnel and of the template specificity pocket that is key in the formation of the productive RNA-polymerase binary complex. (ox.ac.uk)
- Promoters for T7 RNA polymerase have a highly conserved sequence of 23 continuous base pairs located at position -17 to +6 relative to the initiation site for the RNA. (pnas.org)
Surrogate2
Assays1
- We investigated the presence of 3 additional regions, VPaI-4 (VP2131 to VP2144), VPaI-5 (VP2900 to VP2910) and VPaI-6 (VPA1254 to VPA1270) by PCR assays and Southern blot analyses among the same set of V. parahaemolyticus isolates. (biomedcentral.com)
Infection4
- Role of host protein glutaredoxin 3 in the control of transcription during bacteriophage Phi2954 infection. (semanticscholar.org)
- By using two bacteriophages we can reduce the risk of resistant colonies developing at the site of infection. (ucc.ie)
- Bacteriophage therapy is an exciting field, and this study represents an important demonstration of efficacy in validated infection models. (ucc.ie)
- CRAϕ is the first bacteriophage reported to require the molecular machinery involved in the uptake of environmental DNA for infection. (asm.org)
Chemistry1
- Physiological Chemistry and Physics, 6 (1). (caltech.edu)
Lambda1
- American Society for Microbiology] (JPEG, 29.5 KB) An electron micrograph of the bacteriophage lambda showing its long tail fibers. (nbif.org)
Porous1
- Retroviruses are removed from a liquid by passing the liquid through a porous nanofiber containing filtration medium having a retrovirus LRV greater than about 6, and the nanofiber(s) has a diameter from about 10 nm to about 100 nm. (freepatentsonline.com)
Resistance4
- A bacteriophage carried the aminoglycoside resistance gene (AAC(3)-IId). (bioportfolio.com)
- The permeation resistance of a fabric is classified according to EN 14325 into 6 level of performance (classes) based on the time which is required to reach a normalized breakthrough time of 1.0 min (BT0.1) when tested according to EN 374-3 or ISO 6529. (dupont.co.uk)
- An ethanol-based spray disinfectant significantly reduced bacteriophage MS2 contamination on material from gowns meeting ASTM standard 1671 for resistance to blood and viral penetration and on a cover gown worn by personnel. (cambridge.org)
- To partially purify bacteriophages, two quickly acquired resistance to these drugs by acquiring assay approaches were used to optimize the method. (cdc.gov)
Bacterial8
- Bacteriophages provide one of the most efficient vehicles for moving DNA sequences between bacterial cells. (cdc.gov)
- Prophages 0 questions Genomes of temperate BACTERIOPHAGES integrated into the DNA of their bacterial host cell. (lookformedical.com)
- Bacterial cell envelopes (ghosts) but not S-layers activate human endothelial cells (HUVECs) through sCD14 and LBP mechanism," Vaccine , vol. 18, no. 5-6, pp. 440-448, 1999. (hindawi.com)
- A. A. Amara, M. M. Salem-Bekhit, and F. K. Alanazi, "Preparation of Bacterial Ghosts for E. coli JM109 using "Sponge-like Reduced Protocol"," Asian Journal of Biological Sciences , vol. 6, no. 8, pp. 363-369, 2013. (hindawi.com)
- 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of said antibiotic in the medium is in the range which causes about 1% to about 99% inhibition of the growth of said bacterial strain in the absence of said bacteriophage. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
- 4 - 6 ] have described a new protocol for BGs preparation based on the critical concentration of chemical compounds could effect on the bacterial cell wall and could lead to the preparation of correct BGs [ 4 - 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
- The critical concentration as well as the protocol steps lead to killing the bacterial cells with the release of their cytoplasmic constituents without the deformation of the cell 3D structure [ 4 - 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Bacteriophages provide one of the most efficient vehi- Fecal coliforms were enumerated by membrane filter pro- cles for moving DNA sequences between bacterial cedures. (cdc.gov)
Nucleotides1
- 276. Kozak M. Recognition of AUG and alternative initiator codons is augmented by G in position +4 but is not generally affected by the nucleotides in position +5 and +6. (x-pdf.ru)
Genes2
Biofilms2
- We evaluated the efficacy of using bacteriophages to kill the pathogen in both biofilms and in the murine lung. (ucc.ie)
- 2008). Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy to study diffusion and reaction of bacteriophages inside biofilms. (springer.com)
Mutants1
- Another limitation is the rapid emergence of phage-resistant mutants ( 6 , 11 , 18 , 32 ). (asm.org)
20012
- The study was performed with sewage samples collected during a 6-month period (November 2001 to April 2002). (cdc.gov)
- EN 369 has been supersedes by EN ISO 6529:2001. (dupont.co.uk)
MYOVIRIDAE1
- Phi O18P belongs to the Myoviridae phage family. (uni-bielefeld.de)
Salmonella3
- A frequently encountered Salmonella phage is BACTERIOPHAGE P22. (lookformedical.com)
- R. H. Gilman, R. B. Hornick, and W. E. Woodward, "Evaluation of a UDP-glucose-4-epimeraseless mutant of Salmonella typhi as a live oral vaccine," Journal of Infectious Diseases , vol. 136, no. 6, pp. 717-723, 1977. (hindawi.com)
- Denis AS, Bardina C, Cortes P, Liagostera M. Use of a bacteriophage cocktail to control Salmonella in food and the food industry. (koreascience.or.kr)
Genus1
- Corticoviridae 0 questions A family of icosahedral, lipid-containing, non-enveloped bacteriophages containing one genus (Corticovirus). (lookformedical.com)
Coronavirus1
- The described research relates to P5 transglycosylase from bacteriophage ф 6 and the nucleocapsid protein (N) of human α coronavirus NL63 (HCo NL63). (edu.pl)
Biofilm4
- Environmental scanning electron microscopy for biofilm detection in tonsils This report describes a 6 1/2-year-old child who presented with recurrent severe headaches and a focal seizure of the right upper extremity. (storysteel.gq)
- To control pathogenic E. coli in biofilm, bacteriophages were isolated from environmental samples. (koreascience.or.kr)
- However, the abundance of E. coli in biofilm was reduced by 3 log CFU/mL from 7.3 log CFU/mL after 60 min with the bacteriophage cocktail. (koreascience.or.kr)
- Therefore, we suggest that bacteriophages with depolymerase could be utilized to effectively control pathogenic E. coli in biofilm. (koreascience.or.kr)
Cystoviridae1
- Φ6 (Phi 6) is the best-studied bacteriophage of the virus family Cystoviridae. (wikipedia.org)
Virus3
- 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the retrovirus is Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). (freepatentsonline.com)
- Virus 2 questions Petits agents infectieux aux génomes constitués, soit d'ADN, soit d'ARN (jamais des deux), sans métabolisme propre et dans l'incapacité de se multiplier en dehors des cellules vivantes. (lookformedical.com)
- We used the segmented RNA bacteriophage ϕ6 as a model for studying the evolutionary genomics of virus adaptation in the face of host switches and parametrically varying population sizes. (biomedcentral.com)
Gene1
- It has been reasoned that the similarities of some toxins of C. perfringens with toxins found in other organisms are due to horizontal gene transfer based on conjugative plasmids, transposons, or bacteriophages ( 52 ). (asm.org)
Single-stranded1
- Unlike protein A it is capable of cleaving the phi X viral DNA in the presence of single-stranded binding protein of the host. (wikipedia.org)
Homology1
- The following definitions apply: Homology -------- Homology means evolutionary relationship [6]. (uniprot.org)
Describes2
- This document describes biochemical pathways for producing adipic acid, caprolactam, 6-aminohexanoic acid, hexamethylenediamine or 1,6-hexanediol by forming two. (patents.com)
- EN ISO 6529 Methode A describes measurements o liquid chemicals with continous contact. (dupont.co.uk)