Bacteriophage phi 6
Bacteriophage phi X 174
Bacillus Phages
Lysogeny
The phenomenon by which a temperate phage incorporates itself into the DNA of a bacterial host, establishing a kind of symbiotic relation between PROPHAGE and bacterium which results in the perpetuation of the prophage in all the descendants of the bacterium. Upon induction (VIRUS ACTIVATION) by various agents, such as ultraviolet radiation, the phage is released, which then becomes virulent and lyses the bacterium.
Cystoviridae
RNA Phages
Bacteriophages whose genetic material is RNA, which is single-stranded in all except the Pseudomonas phage phi 6 (BACTERIOPHAGE PHI 6). All RNA phages infect their host bacteria via the host's surface pili. Some frequently encountered RNA phages are: BF23, F2, R17, fr, PhiCb5, PhiCb12r, PhiCb8r, PhiCb23r, 7s, PP7, Q beta phage, MS2 phage, and BACTERIOPHAGE PHI 6.
Bacteriophage T4
DNA Packaging
Bacteriophage lambda
Escherichia coli
A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.
Bacteriophage T7
T-Phages
A series of 7 virulent phages which infect E. coli. The T-even phages T2, T4; (BACTERIOPHAGE T4), and T6, and the phage T5 are called "autonomously virulent" because they cause cessation of all bacterial metabolism on infection. Phages T1, T3; (BACTERIOPHAGE T3), and T7; (BACTERIOPHAGE T7) are called "dependent virulent" because they depend on continued bacterial metabolism during the lytic cycle. The T-even phages contain 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in place of ordinary cytosine in their DNA.
Pseudomonas Phages
Bacteriophage mu
A temperate coliphage, in the genus Mu-like viruses, family MYOVIRIDAE, composed of a linear, double-stranded molecule of DNA, which is able to insert itself randomly at any point on the host chromosome. It frequently causes a mutation by interrupting the continuity of the bacterial OPERON at the site of insertion.
RNA, Double-Stranded
RNA consisting of two strands as opposed to the more prevalent single-stranded RNA. Most of the double-stranded segments are formed from transcription of DNA by intramolecular base-pairing of inverted complementary sequences separated by a single-stranded loop. Some double-stranded segments of RNA are normal in all organisms.
Pseudomonas
Mutation
Base Sequence
Bacteriolysis
Adsorption
Virus Replication
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Bacteriophage P2
Plasmids
DNA, Single-Stranded
Bacteriophage M13
Bacteriophage T3
DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases
Enzymes that catalyze DNA template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand one nucleotide at a time. They can initiate a chain de novo. In eukaryotes, three forms of the enzyme have been distinguished on the basis of sensitivity to alpha-amanitin, and the type of RNA synthesized. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992).
Bacteriophage Typing
Bacteriophage P1
Cryoelectron Microscopy
DNA Restriction Enzymes
Enzymes that are part of the restriction-modification systems. They catalyze the endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA sequences which lack the species-specific methylation pattern in the host cell's DNA. Cleavage yields random or specific double-stranded fragments with terminal 5'-phosphates. The function of restriction enzymes is to destroy any foreign DNA that invades the host cell. Most have been studied in bacterial systems, but a few have been found in eukaryotic organisms. They are also used as tools for the systematic dissection and mapping of chromosomes, in the determination of base sequences of DNAs, and have made it possible to splice and recombine genes from one organism into the genome of another. EC 3.21.1.
Centrifugation, Density Gradient
Siphoviridae
Genetics, Microbial
Nucleic Acid Conformation
Salmonella Phages
Genes
Attachment Sites, Microbiological
Transduction, Genetic
Recombination, Genetic
Viral Plaque Assay
Method for measuring viral infectivity and multiplication in CULTURED CELLS. Clear lysed areas or plaques develop as the VIRAL PARTICLES are released from the infected cells during incubation. With some VIRUSES, the cells are killed by a cytopathic effect; with others, the infected cells are not killed but can be detected by their hemadsorptive ability. Sometimes the plaque cells contain VIRAL ANTIGENS which can be measured by IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE.
Microscopy, Electron
Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.
Virus Assembly
Bacteriophage PRD1
Chloramphenicol
An antibiotic first isolated from cultures of Streptomyces venequelae in 1947 but now produced synthetically. It has a relatively simple structure and was the first broad-spectrum antibiotic to be discovered. It acts by interfering with bacterial protein synthesis and is mainly bacteriostatic. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p106)
Chromosome Mapping
Genetic Complementation Test
Cloning, Molecular
Mitomycins
Amino Acid Sequence
Temperature
Templates, Genetic
Transcription, Genetic
Phosphorus Isotopes
Viral Tail Proteins
Nucleic Acid Hybridization
Widely used technique which exploits the ability of complementary sequences in single-stranded DNAs or RNAs to pair with each other to form a double helix. Hybridization can take place between two complimentary DNA sequences, between a single-stranded DNA and a complementary RNA, or between two RNA sequences. The technique is used to detect and isolate specific sequences, measure homology, or define other characteristics of one or both strands. (Kendrew, Encyclopedia of Molecular Biology, 1994, p503)
DNA, Circular
Any of the covalently closed DNA molecules found in bacteria, many viruses, mitochondria, plastids, and plasmids. Small, polydisperse circular DNA's have also been observed in a number of eukaryotic organisms and are suggested to have homology with chromosomal DNA and the capacity to be inserted into, and excised from, chromosomal DNA. It is a fragment of DNA formed by a process of looping out and deletion, containing a constant region of the mu heavy chain and the 3'-part of the mu switch region. Circular DNA is a normal product of rearrangement among gene segments encoding the variable regions of immunoglobulin light and heavy chains, as well as the T-cell receptor. (Riger et al., Glossary of Genetics, 5th ed & Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)
Viral Structural Proteins
Viral proteins that are components of the mature assembled VIRUS PARTICLES. They may include nucleocapsid core proteins (gag proteins), enzymes packaged within the virus particle (pol proteins), and membrane components (env proteins). These do not include the proteins encoded in the VIRAL GENOME that are produced in infected cells but which are not packaged in the mature virus particle,i.e. the so called non-structural proteins (VIRAL NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEINS).
Nucleoside-Triphosphatase
An enzyme which catalyzes the hydrolysis of nucleoside triphosphates to nucleoside diphosphates. It may also catalyze the hydrolysis of nucleotide triphosphates, diphosphates, thiamine diphosphates and FAD. The nucleoside triphosphate phosphohydrolases I and II are subtypes of the enzyme which are found mostly in viruses.
DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase
DNA-dependent DNA polymerases found in bacteria, animal and plant cells. During the replication process, these enzymes catalyze the addition of deoxyribonucleotide residues to the end of a DNA strand in the presence of DNA as template-primer. They also possess exonuclease activity and therefore function in DNA repair.
Levivirus
Radiation Effects
Peptide PHI
A 27-amino acid peptide with histidine at the N-terminal and isoleucine amide at the C-terminal. The exact amino acid composition of the peptide is species dependent. The peptide is secreted in the intestine, but is found in the nervous system, many organs, and in the majority of peripheral tissues. It has a wide range of biological actions, affecting the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, respiratory, and central nervous systems.
Cesium
Molecular Motor Proteins
Morphogenesis
Restriction Mapping
Chromosomes, Bacterial
Prophages
Virion
Triethylenemelamine
Inovirus
Exonucleases
DNA, Recombinant
Binding Sites
Pseudomonas syringae
Centrifugation, Zonal
Electrophoresis, Agar Gel
Nucleic Acid Denaturation
Disruption of the secondary structure of nucleic acids by heat, extreme pH or chemical treatment. Double strand DNA is "melted" by dissociation of the non-covalent hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. Denatured DNA appears to be a single-stranded flexible structure. The effects of denaturation on RNA are similar though less pronounced and largely reversible.
DNA Nucleotidyltransferases
Ultraviolet Rays
That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum immediately below the visible range and extending into the x-ray frequencies. The longer wavelengths (near-UV or biotic or vital rays) are necessary for the endogenous synthesis of vitamin D and are also called antirachitic rays; the shorter, ionizing wavelengths (far-UV or abiotic or extravital rays) are viricidal, bactericidal, mutagenic, and carcinogenic and are used as disinfectants.
RNA Replicase
Models, Molecular
Bacillus
Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
Transformation, Genetic
Suppression, Genetic
Mutation process that restores the wild-type PHENOTYPE in an organism possessing a mutationally altered GENOTYPE. The second "suppressor" mutation may be on a different gene, on the same gene but located at a distance from the site of the primary mutation, or in extrachromosomal genes (EXTRACHROMOSOMAL INHERITANCE).
Endonucleases
Models, Structural
DNA
A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).
Open Reading Frames
Gene Expression Regulation, Viral
DNA, Superhelical
Phosphorus Radioisotopes
Nucleocapsid
Cell-Free System
A fractionated cell extract that maintains a biological function. A subcellular fraction isolated by ultracentrifugation or other separation techniques must first be isolated so that a process can be studied free from all of the complex side reactions that occur in a cell. The cell-free system is therefore widely used in cell biology. (From Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2d ed, p166)
Bacteriophage Pf1
Protein Binding
Cell Wall
Protein Conformation
The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).
Caudovirales
Sucrose
DNA-Binding Proteins
Crosses, Genetic
Oligodeoxyribonucleotides
DNA Primase
Protoplasts
Viral Core Proteins
Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
Promoter Regions, Genetic
Adenosine Triphosphatases
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
RNA
A polynucleotide consisting essentially of chains with a repeating backbone of phosphate and ribose units to which nitrogenous bases are attached. RNA is unique among biological macromolecules in that it can encode genetic information, serve as an abundant structural component of cells, and also possesses catalytic activity. (Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)
Host Specificity
Crystallography, X-Ray
Biological Therapy
Models, Biological
Carbon Radioisotopes
Operon
Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins
A broad category of viral proteins that play indirect roles in the biological processes and activities of viruses. Included here are proteins that either regulate the expression of viral genes or are involved in modifying host cell functions. Many of the proteins in this category serve multiple functions.
Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
Sequence Analysis, DNA
Phosphotungstic Acid
Tungsten hydroxide oxide phosphate. A white or slightly yellowish-green, slightly efflorescent crystal or crystalline powder. It is used as a reagent for alkaloids and many other nitrogen bases, for phenols, albumin, peptone, amino acids, uric acid, urea, blood, and carbohydrates. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
Magnesium
Integrases
Operator Regions, Genetic
Lactococcus lactis
Endodeoxyribonucleases
Polynucleotide Ligases
Mycobacteriophages
DNA Helicases
Proteins that catalyze the unwinding of duplex DNA during replication by binding cooperatively to single-stranded regions of DNA or to short regions of duplex DNA that are undergoing transient opening. In addition DNA helicases are DNA-dependent ATPases that harness the free energy of ATP hydrolysis to translocate DNA strands.
Adenosine Triphosphate
RNA Nucleotidyltransferases
Microviridae
Salmonella typhimurium
Muramidase
A basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids. It functions as an antibacterial agent. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17.
Receptors, Virus
Species Specificity
The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.
N-Acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine Amidase
Corticoviridae
Tectiviridae
RNA, Messenger
RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.
Carbon Isotopes
Thymine Nucleotides
Water Microbiology
F Factor
Conjugation, Genetic
A parasexual process in BACTERIA; ALGAE; FUNGI; and ciliate EUKARYOTA for achieving exchange of chromosome material during fusion of two cells. In bacteria, this is a uni-directional transfer of genetic material; in protozoa it is a bi-directional exchange. In algae and fungi, it is a form of sexual reproduction, with the union of male and female gametes.
Genetic Code
Viral Interference
Genes, Regulator
Protein Biosynthesis
Site-Specific DNA-Methyltransferase (Adenine-Specific)
An enzyme responsible for producing a species-characteristic methylation pattern on adenine residues in a specific short base sequence in the host cell DNA. The enzyme catalyzes the methylation of DNA adenine in the presence of S-adenosyl-L-methionine to form DNA containing 6-methylaminopurine and S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. EC 2.1.1.72.
DNA Transposable Elements
Discrete segments of DNA which can excise and reintegrate to another site in the genome. Most are inactive, i.e., have not been found to exist outside the integrated state. DNA transposable elements include bacterial IS (insertion sequence) elements, Tn elements, the maize controlling elements Ac and Ds, Drosophila P, gypsy, and pogo elements, the human Tigger elements and the Tc and mariner elements which are found throughout the animal kingdom.
Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
RNA, Bacterial
Culture Media
Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.
Evolution by small steps and rugged landscapes in the RNA virus phi6. (1/87)
Fisher's geometric model of adaptive evolution argues that adaptive evolution should generally result from the substitution of many mutations of small effect because advantageous mutations of small effect should be more common than those of large effect. However, evidence for both evolution by small steps and for Fisher's model has been mixed. Here we report supporting results from a new experimental test of the model. We subjected the bacteriophage phi6 to intensified genetic drift in small populations and caused viral fitness to decline through the accumulation of a deleterious mutation. We then propagated the mutated virus at a range of larger population sizes and allowed fitness to recover by natural selection. Although fitness declined in one large step, it was usually recovered in smaller steps. More importantly, step size during recovery was smaller with decreasing size of the recovery population. These results confirm Fisher's main prediction that advantageous mutations of small effect should be more common. We also show that the advantageous mutations of small effect are compensatory mutations whose advantage is conditional (epistatic) on the presence of the deleterious mutation, in which case the adaptive landscape of phi6 is likely to be very rugged. (+info)Precise packaging of the three genomic segments of the double-stranded-RNA bacteriophage phi6. (2/87)
Bacteriophage phi6 has a genome of three segments of double-stranded RNA. Each virus particle contains one each of the three segments. Packaging is effected by the acquisition, in a serially dependent manner, of the plus strands of the genomic segments into empty procapsids. The empty procapsids are compressed in shape and expand during packaging. The packaging program involves discrete steps that are determined by the amount of RNA inside the procapsid. The steps involve the exposure and concealment of binding sites on the outer surface of the procapsid for the plus strands of the three genomic segments. The plus strand of segment S can be packaged alone, while packaging of the plus strand of segment M depends upon prior packaging of S. Packaging of the plus strand of L depends upon the prior packaging of M. Minus-strand synthesis begins when the particle has a full complement of plus strands. Plus-strand synthesis commences upon the completion of minus-strand synthesis. All of the reactions of packaging, minus-strand synthesis, and plus-strand synthesis can be accomplished in vitro with isolated procapsids. Live-virus constructions that are in accord with the model have been prepared. Mutant virus with changes in the packaging program have been isolated and analyzed. (+info)Packaging and replication regulation revealed by chimeric genome segments of double-stranded RNA bacteriophage phi6. (3/87)
Bacteriophage phi6 has a double-stranded RNA genome composed of three linear segments, L, M, and S. The innermost particle in the virion of phi6, like in the other dsRNA viruses, is an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase complex, which carries out all the functions needed for the replication of the viral genome. Empty polymerase complexes can package the single-stranded copies of the viral genome segments, replicate the packaged segments into double-stranded form (minus strand synthesis), and then produce new plus strands (transcripts) from the double-stranded RNA templates. The three viral genomic segments contain unique packaging signals at their 5' ends, and minus strand synthesis initiation is dependent on the sequence at the 3' end. Here we have constructed chimeric segments that have the packaging signal from one segment and the minus strand synthesis initiation signal from another segment. Using purified recombinant polymerase complexes and single-stranded/chimeric and original RNA segments, we have analyzed the packaging and replication regulation operating in in vitro conditions. We show that the 5' end of the L genome segment in single-stranded form is needed to switch from the packaging to the minus strand synthesis and the same sequence is required in double-stranded form to switch on plus strand synthesis. In addition we have constructed deletions to the M segment to analyze the possible regulatory role of the internal noncoding area of this segment. (+info)A novel virus-host cell membrane interaction. Membrane voltage-dependent endocytic-like entry of bacteriophage straight phi6 nucleocapsid. (4/87)
Studies on the virus-cell interactions have proven valuable in elucidating vital cellular processes. Interestingly, certain virus-host membrane interactions found in eukaryotic systems seem also to operate in prokaryotes (Bamford, D.H., M. Romantschuk, and P. J. Somerharju, 1987. EMBO (Eur. Mol. Biol. Organ.) J. 6:1467-1473; Romantschuk, M., V.M. Olkkonen, and D.H. Bamford. 1988. EMBO (Eur. Mol. Biol. Organ.) J. 7:1821-1829). straight phi6 is an enveloped double-stranded RNA virus infecting a gram-negative bacterium. The viral entry is initiated by fusion between the virus membrane and host outer membrane, followed by delivery of the viral nucleocapsid (RNA polymerase complex covered with a protein shell) into the host cytosol via an endocytic-like route. In this study, we analyze the interaction of the nucleocapsid with the host plasma membrane and demonstrate a novel approach for dissecting the early events of the nucleocapsid entry process. The initial binding of the nucleocapsid to the plasma membrane is independent of membrane voltage (DeltaPsi) and the K(+) and H(+) gradients. However, the following internalization is dependent on plasma membrane voltage (DeltaPsi), but does not require a high ATP level or K(+) and H(+) gradients. Moreover, the nucleocapsid shell protein, P8, is the viral component mediating the membrane-nucleocapsid interaction. (+info)Replicase activity of purified recombinant protein P2 of double-stranded RNA bacteriophage phi6. (5/87)
In nature, synthesis of both minus- and plus-sense RNA strands of all the known double-stranded RNA viruses occurs in the interior of a large protein assembly referred to as the polymerase complex. In addition to other proteins, the complex contains a putative polymerase possessing characteristic sequence motifs. However, none of the previous studies has shown template-dependent RNA synthesis directly with an isolated putative polymerase protein. In this report, recombinant protein P2 of double-stranded RNA bacteriophage phi6 was purified and demonstrated in an in vitro enzymatic assay to act as the replicase. The enzyme efficiently utilizes phage-specific, positive-sense RNA substrates to produce double-stranded RNA molecules, which are formed by newly synthesized, full-length minus-strands base paired with the plus-strand templates. P2-catalyzed replication is also shown to be very effective with a broad range of heterologous single-stranded RNA templates. The importance and implications of these results are discussed. (+info)RNA secondary structures of the bacteriophage phi6 packaging regions. (6/87)
Bacteriophage phi6 genome consists of three segments of double-stranded RNA. During maturation, single-stranded copies of these segments are packaged into preformed polymerase complex particles. Only phi6 RNA is packaged, and each particle contains only one copy of each segment. An in vitro packaging and replication assay has been developed for phi6, and the packaging signals (pac sites) have been mapped to the 5' ends of the RNA segments. In this study, we propose secondary structure models for the pac sites of phi6 single-stranded RNA segments. Our models accommodate data from structure-specific chemical modifications, free energy minimizations, and phylogenetic comparisons. Previously reported pac site deletion studies are also discussed. Each pac site possesses a unique architecture, that, however, contains common structural elements. (+info)Characterization of phi8, a bacteriophage containing three double-stranded RNA genomic segments and distantly related to Phi6. (7/87)
The three double-stranded RNA genomic segments of bacteriophage Phi8 were copied as cDNA, and their nucleotide sequences were determined. Although the organization of the genome is similar to that of Phi6, there is no similarity in either the nucleotide sequences or the amino acid sequences, with the exception of the motifs characteristic of viral RNA polymerases that are found in the presumptive polymerase sequence. Several features of the viral proteins differ markedly from those of Phi6. Although both phages are covered by a lipid-containing membrane, the protein compositions are very different. The most striking difference is that protein P8, which constitutes a shell around the procapsid in Phi6, is part of the membrane in Phi8. The host attachment protein consists of two peptides rather than one and the phage attaches directly to the lipopolysaccharide of the host rather than to a type IV pilus. The host range of Phi8 includes rough strains of Salmonella typhimurium and of pseudomonads (+info)Characterization of phi 13, a bacteriophage related to phi 6 and containing three dsRNA genomic segments. (8/87)
The three dsRNA genomic segments of bacteriophage Phi 13 were copied as cDNA and the nucleotide sequences were determined. The organization of the genome is similar to that of Phi 6, and there is significant similarity in the amino acid sequences of the proteins of the polymerase complex and one of the membrane proteins, P6. There is little or no similarity in the nucleotide sequences. Several features of the viral proteins differ markedly from those of Phi 6. Although both phages are covered by a lipid-containing membrane, the protein compositions are different. The host attachment protein consists of two peptides rather than one and the phage attaches directly to the LPS of the host rather than to a Type IV pilus. Despite the differences in the structure of the membranes, the two viruses can successfully exchange the genes for host attachment proteins and thereby change their host specificities. (+info)
Pseudomonas virus phi6
Φ6 (Phi 6) is the best-studied bacteriophage of the virus family Cystoviridae. It infects Pseudomonas bacteria (typically plant ... Φ6 and its relatives have a lipid membrane around their nucleocapsid, a rare trait among bacteriophages. It is a lytic phage, ... its structure has been studied by scientists interested in lipid-containing bacteriophages, and it has been used as a model ... "Structure-Function Insights Into the RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase of the dsRNA Bacteriophage Φ6". Segmented Double-stranded RNA ...
List of MeSH codes (B04)
... bacteriophage phi x 174 MeSH B04.123.660.535 - bacteriophage pf1 MeSH B04.123.660.550 - bacteriophage phi 6 MeSH B04.123. ... bacteriophage p1 MeSH B04.123.205.305 - bacteriophage p2 MeSH B04.123.205.320 - bacteriophage phi x 174 MeSH B04.123.205.350 - ... bacteriophage t4 MeSH B04.123.205.891.230 - bacteriophage t7 MeSH B04.123.230.070 - bacteriophage phi 6 MeSH B04.123.370.400 - ... bacteriophage n4 MeSH B04.123.150.700.070 - bacteriophage p22 MeSH B04.123.150.700.100 - bacteriophage t3 MeSH B04.123.150.700. ...
Microviridae
... phi X174, G4 and phi K" Biochim Biophys Acta 1130(3) 277-288 Aoyama A, Hayashi M (1986) Synthesis of bacteriophage phi X174 in ... Keegstra W, Baas PD, Jansz HS (1979) Bacteriophage phi X174 RF DNA replication in vivo. A study by electron microscopy" J Mol ... Tessman ES, Tessman I, Pollock TJ (1980) Gene K of bacteriophage phi X 174 codes for a nonessential protein" J Virol 33(1) 557- ... A protein of bacteriophage phi X174 into an ATT codon yields a viable phage indicating that A protein is not essential for phi ...
Genomic library
Sanger and his team of scientists created a library of the bacteriophage, phi X 174, for use in DNA sequencing. The importance ... Bacteriophage P1 vectors can hold inserts 70 - 100kb in size. They begin as linear DNA molecules packaged into bacteriophage P1 ... February 1977). "Nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage phi X174 DNA". Nature. 265 (5596): 687-95. Bibcode:1977Natur.265..687S. ... Cosmid vectors are plasmids that contain a small region of bacteriophage λ DNA called the cos sequence. This sequence allows ...
Phi X 174
The phi X 174 (or ΦX174) bacteriophage is a single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) virus that infects Escherichia coli, and the first DNA- ... Fiers W, Sinsheimer RL (October 1962). "The structure of the DNA of bacteriophage phi-X174. III. Ultracentrifugal evidence for ... January 1992). "Atomic structure of single-stranded DNA bacteriophage phi X174 and its functional implications". Nature. 355 ( ... A protein of bacteriophage phi X174 into an ATT codon yields a viable phage indicating that A protein is not essential for phi ...
Lin Chao
... his demonstration of Muller's ratchet in the RNA Virus Phi-6 and his work on sex in viruses. More recently, he was instrumental ... in the demonstration of the evolution of parasitic genetic elements in co-infecting bacteriophages and experimental tests of ...
Holin LLH family
"Molecular analysis of the region encoding the lytic system from Oenococcus oeni temperate bacteriophage phi 10MC". FEMS ... van der Ploeg, JR (2007). "Genome sequence of Streptococcus mutans bacteriophage M102". FEMS Microbiol Lett. 275 (1): 130-8. ... "Identification and characterization of the two-component cell lysis cassette encoded by temperate bacteriophage phiPYB5 of ... 105 (6): 1939-44. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.03953.x. PMID 19120640. S2CID 25967192. Reddy, Bhaskara L.; Saier Jr., Milton H ...
Polymerase cycling assembly
2003). "Generating a synthetic genome by whole genome assembly: [var phi]X174 bacteriophage from synthetic oligonucleotides". ... 6 (5): 343-345. doi:10.1038/nmeth.1318. PMID 19363495. S2CID 1351008. Gibson Assembly video on YouTube (Amplifiers, Genetic ...
Bacteriophage P2
Clerch, B., E. Rivera, and M. Llagostera, Bacteriophage PSP3 and phi R73 activator proteins: analysis of promoter specificities ... The P2-like bacteriophages. In R. Calendar (ed.), The bacteriophages. Oxford Press, Oxford, 2005: p. 365-390 Lindahl, G., ... Bacteriophage P2 was first isolated by G. Bertani from the Lisbonne and Carrère strain of E. coli in 1951. Since that time, a ... Bacteriophage P2, scientific name Escherichia virus P2, is a temperate phage that infects E. coli. It is a tailed virus with a ...
Pseudomonas virus phiCTX
Nakayama, K; Kanaya, S; Ohnishi, M; Terawaki, Y; Hayashi, T (1999). "The complete nucleotide sequence of phi CTX, a cytotoxin- ... as Pseudomonas virus phiCTX is a bacteriophage) and the injection of the double stranded DNA; the host transcribes and ... converting phage of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Implications for phage evolution and horizontal gene transfer via bacteriophages". ... doi:10.1007/s00705-012-1299-6. PMC 7086667. PMID 22481600. Baltimore, D (1971). "Expression of animal virus genomes". ...
Hamilton O. Smith
In 2003 the same group synthetically assembled the genome of a virus, Phi X 174 bacteriophage. Smith is scientific director of ... 70 (6): 540. doi:10.1016/s0025-6196(11)64310-3. PMID 7776712. Berg, K. (1978). "The Nobel prize in physiology and medicine 1978 ...
Bioinformatics
February 1977). "Nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage phi X174 DNA". Nature. 265 (5596): 687-95. Bibcode:1977Natur.265..687S. ... In the 1970s, new techniques for sequencing DNA were applied to bacteriophage MS2 and øX174, and the extended nucleotide ... 1 (6): 28-29. Hesper B, Hogeweg P (2021). "Bio-informatics: a working concept. A translation of "Bio-informatica: een ... 152 (3720): 363-6. Bibcode:1966Sci...152..363E. doi:10.1126/science.152.3720.363. PMID 17775169. S2CID 23208558. Johnson G, Wu ...
Φ29 DNA polymerase
Garmendia C, Bernad A, Esteban JA, Blanco L, Salas M (February 1992). "The bacteriophage phi 29 DNA polymerase, a proofreading ... Φ29 is a bacteriophage of Bacillus subtilis with a sequenced, linear, 19,285 base pair DNA genome. Each 5' end is covalently ... Bernad A, Blanco L, Salas M (September 1990). "Site-directed mutagenesis of the YCDTDS amino acid motif of the phi 29 DNA ... Φ29 DNA polymerase is an enzyme from the bacteriophage Φ29. It is being increasingly used in molecular biology for multiple ...
Mallory Smith
Unfortunately the superbug had survived in her throat and she died on November 15, 2017, at age 25 before bacteriophage ... She attended Stanford University, graduating Phi Beta Kappa, majoring in human biology with a concentration in environmental ... This allowed her to push for experimental options with bacteriophage treatment, which engineers viruses to destroy bacteria. ... Retrieved March 6, 2019. "Salt in My Soul By Mallory Smith". Penguin Random House. Retrieved March 6, 2019. (Use mdy dates from ...
Genome
"Nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage phi X174 DNA". Nature. 265 (5596): 687-95. Bibcode:1977Natur.265..687S. doi:10.1038/ ... Court DL, Oppenheim AB, Adhya SL (January 2007). "A new look at bacteriophage lambda genetic networks". Journal of Bacteriology ... Sanger F, Coulson AR, Hong GF, Hill DF, Petersen GB (December 1982). "Nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage lambda DNA". Journal ... Bacteriophage MS2). The next year, Fred Sanger completed the first DNA-genome sequence: Phage Φ-X174, of 5386 base pairs. The ...
William Bowen Sarles
Phi Sigma Society. 1930. p. 92. Biennial Report of the Iowa State Board of Education to the Governor and the ... General ... Rogers, C. G.; Sarles, W. B. (1963). "Characterization of Enterococcus Bacteriophages from the Small Intestine of the Rat". ... 85 (6): 1378-1385. doi:10.1128/jb.85.6.1378-1385.1963. PMC 278344. PMID 14047233. Hanes, N. B.; Sarles, W. B.; Rohlich, G. A. ( ... 44 (6): 409-424. Bibcode:1937SoilS..44..409B. doi:10.1097/00010694-193712000-00001. S2CID 84141480. Gee, Lynn L.; Sarles, W. B ...
Timeline of the history of genetics
Feb 1977). "Nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage phi X174 DNA". Nature. 265 (5596): 687-95. Bibcode:1977Natur.265..687S. doi: ... 1972: Walter Fiers and his team were the first to determine the sequence of a gene: the gene for bacteriophage MS2 coat protein ... Sanger's lab sequence the entire genome of bacteriophage Φ-X174. In the late 1970s: nonisotopic methods of nucleic acid ... Hershey, AD; Chase, M (May 1952). "Independent functions of viral protein and nucleic acid in growth of bacteriophage". J. Gen ...
Sequence analysis
February 1977). "Nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage phi X174 DNA". Nature. 265 (5596): 687-95. Bibcode:1977Natur.265..687S. ... "Nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage phi X174 DNA". Nature. 265 (5596): 687-695. Bibcode:1977Natur.265..687S. doi:10.1038/ ... leading to the publication of the first complete genome of a bacteriophage in 1977. Robert Holley and his team in Cornell ... 6 (2): e1000667. Bibcode:2010PLSCB...6E0667W. doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000667. PMC 2829047. PMID 20195499. Abe, N; Dror, I; ...
Holin
The first class III holin to be characterized was the bacteriophage T4-encoded t protein (T4 holin). Other examples include the ... The Erwinia Phage Phi-Ea1h Holin (EPPE-Hol) Family 1.E.59 - The Putative Acholeplasma Phage L2 Holin (L2 Holin) Family 9.B.109 ... Veiga-Crespo P; Barros-Velázquez J; Villa T.G. (2007). Méndez-Vilas A (ed.). "What can bacteriophages do for us?" (PDF). ... Holins are a diverse group of small proteins produced by dsDNA bacteriophages in order to trigger and control the degradation ...
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of proteins
In addition to distance restraints, restraints on the torsion angles of the chemical bonds, typically the psi and phi angles, ... Common techniques include addition of bacteriophages or bicelles to the sample, or preparation of the sample in a stretched ... Thus each peak can be converted into a maximum distance between the nuclei, usually between 1.8 and 6 angstroms. The intensity ...
Overlapping gene
Aoyama, A; Hayashi, M (September 1985). "Effects of genome size on bacteriophage phi X174 DNA packaging in vitro". Journal of ... A version of bacteriophage ΦX174 has also been created where all gene overlaps were removed proving they were not necessary for ... Feiss, Michael; Fisher, R.A.; Crayton, M.A.; Egner, Carol (March 1977). "Packaging of the bacteriophage λ chromosome: Effect of ... Barrell, B. G.; Air, G. M.; Hutchison, C. A. (November 1976). "Overlapping genes in bacteriophage φX174". Nature. 264 (5581): ...
DNA sequencing
"Nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage phi X174 DNA". Nature. 265 (5596): 687-95. Bibcode:1977Natur.265..687S. doi:10.1038/ ... Min Jou W, Haegeman G, Ysebaert M, Fiers W (May 1972). "Nucleotide sequence of the gene coding for the bacteriophage MS2 coat ... The major landmark of RNA sequencing is the sequence of the first complete gene and the complete genome of Bacteriophage MS2, ... The first full DNA genome to be sequenced was that of bacteriophage φX174 in 1977. Medical Research Council scientists ...
Bacillus phage
A Bacillus phage is a member of a group of bacteriophages known to have bacteria in the genus Bacillus as host species. These ... Blanco L, Salas M (September 1984). "Characterization and purification of a phage phi 29-encoded DNA polymerase required for ... Salas M, Blanco L, Lázaro JM, de Vega M (January 2008). "The bacteriophage phi29 DNA polymerase". IUBMB Life. 60 (1): 82-85. ... Lee JH, Shin H, Ryu S (May 2014). "Characterization and comparative genomic analysis of bacteriophages infecting members of the ...
Smallest organisms
Perhaps the most famous is the bacteriophage Phi-X174 with a genome size of 5,386 nucleotides. However, some ssDNA viruses can ... "Nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage ΦX174 DNA". Nature. 265 (5596): 687-95. Bibcode:1977Natur.265..687S. doi:10.1038/265687a0 ... The males measure 6-8 cm (2.4-3.1 in), while females measure up to almost 10 cm (3.9 in). The smallest extant crocodilian is ... 6: 696. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2015.00696. PMC 4498126. PMID 26217327. J.M. Labonté; C.A. Suttle (2013). "Previously unknown and ...
Natural computing
Smith, H., Hutchison III, C., Pfannkoch, C., and Venter, C. Generating a synthetic genome by whole genome assembly: {phi}X174 ... bacteriophage from synthetic oligonucleotides. PNAS 100, 26 (2003), 15440-15445. Sazani, P., Larralde, R., Szostak, J. A small ... Nature 406 (2000), 974-978 Adleman, L. Molecular computation of solutions to combinatorial problems Archived 6 February 2005 at ...
Site-directed mutagenesis
Directed mutagenesis Phi value analysis Hsu PD, Lander ES, Zhang F (June 2014). "Development and applications of CRISPR-Cas9 ... Hutchison Ca, 3.; Edgell, M. H. (1971). "Genetic Assay for Small Fragments of Bacteriophage φX174 Deoxyribonucleic Acid". ... effect of an extracistronic mutation on the in vitro propagation of bacteriophage Qbeta RNA". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 72 (1 ... The ssUDNA is extracted from the bacteriophage that is released into the medium, and then used as template for mutagenesis. An ...
Genomics
February 1977). "Nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage phi X174 DNA". Nature. 265 (5596): 687-695. Bibcode:1977Natur.265..687S. ... Bacteriophage genome sequences can be obtained through direct sequencing of isolated bacteriophages, but can also be derived as ... Also the first genome to be sequenced was a bacteriophage. However, bacteriophage research did not lead the genomics revolution ... Bacteriophages have played and continue to play a key role in bacterial genetics and molecular biology. Historically, they were ...
Glutamic protease
A convergently evolved glutamic peptidase, the pre-neck appendage protein (bacteriophage phi-29), uses a Glu and Asp dyad at ... 37 (6): 1417-1421. doi:10.1271/bbb1961.37.1417. Morihara K, Tsuzuki H, Murao S, Oda K (Mar 1979). "Pepstatin-insenstive acid ... 6): 201-25. Bibcode:2013PJAB...89..201T. doi:10.2183/pjab.89.201. PMC 3749792. PMID 23759941. "Family G2". MEROPS. "Family G1 ...
Multiple displacement amplification
Bacteriophage Φ29 DNA polymerase is a high-processivity enzyme that can produce DNA amplicons greater than 70 kilobase pairs. ... Esteban JA, Salas M, Blanco L (1993). "Fidelity of phi 29 DNA polymerase. Comparison between protein-primed initiation and DNA ... "Highly efficient DNA synthesis by the phage phi 29 DNA polymerase. Symmetrical mode of DNA replication". The Journal of ... 102 (48): 17332-6. Bibcode:2005PNAS..10217332H. doi:10.1073/pnas.0508809102. PMC 1283157. PMID 16286637. Paez JG, Lin M, ...
Synthetic genomes
PCA was used to generate the first synthetic genome in history, that of the Phi X 174 virus. The gibson assembly method, ... φX174 bacteriophage from synthetic oligonucleotides". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 100 (26): 15440-15445. ... 6 (5): 343-345. doi:10.1038/nmeth.1318. PMID 19363495. S2CID 1351008. Kouprina, Natalay; Larionov, Vladimir (2003-12-01). " ... doi:10.1016/S0168-6445(03)00070-6. ISSN 1574-6976. PMID 14638416. Marsischky, Gerald; LaBaer, Joshua (2004-10-15). "Many Paths ...
Xanthomonas
doi:10.1094/PHI-I-2000-1027-01. Mew TW, Alvarez AM, Leach JE, Swings J (1993). "Focus on bacterial blight of rice". Plant ... Potential use of bacteriophages is also considered, however major limiting factors are their sensitivity to environmental ... 110 (6): 1153-1160. doi:10.1094/phyto-03-19-0098-le. ISSN 0031-949X. PMID 31922946. Schaad NW, Jones JB, Chun W (2001). " ... 6 (1): 6453. Bibcode:2015NatCo...6.6453S. doi:10.1038/ncomms7453. PMID 25743609. Bayer-Santos E, Lima LD, Ceseti LM, Ratagami ...
Parasitism
doi:10.1094/PHI-I-2004-0330-01. Westwood, James H.; Yoder, John I.; Timko, Michael P.; dePamphilis, Claude W. (2010). "The ... Most viruses are bacteriophages, infecting bacteria. Parasitism is a major aspect of evolutionary ecology; for example, almost ... and in the way that bacteriophages can limit bacterial infections. It is likely, though little researched, that most pathogenic ... 13 (6): 278-284. doi:10.1016/j.tim.2005.04.003. PMID 15936660. Lawrence, C. M.; Menon, S.; Eilers, B. J.; et al. (2009). " ...
Synthetic biology
In 2003 the 5386 bp genome of the bacteriophage Phi X 174 was assembled in about two weeks. In 2006, the same team, at the J. ... Chan, Leon Y.; Kosuri, Sriram; Endy, Drew (2005). "Refactoring bacteriophage T7". Molecular Systems Biology. 1: 2005.0018. doi: ... phiX174 bacteriophage from synthetic oligonucleotides". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of ... "A fully decompressed synthetic bacteriophage øX174 genome assembled and archived in yeast". Virology. 434 (2): 278-284. doi: ...
Synthetic genomics
PCA was used to generate the first synthetic genome in history, that of the Phi X 174 virus. The Gibson assembly method, ... φX174 bacteriophage from synthetic oligonucleotides". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 100 (26): 15440-15445. ... 6 (5): 343-345. doi:10.1038/nmeth.1318. PMID 19363495. S2CID 1351008. Kouprina, Natalay; Larionov, Vladimir (2003-12-01). " ... doi:10.1016/S0168-6445(03)00070-6. ISSN 1574-6976. PMID 14638416. Marsischky, Gerald; LaBaer, Joshua (2004-10-15). "Many Paths ...
Protein folding
Chaperones in bacteriophage T4 assembly. Biochemistry (Mosc). 1998;63(4):399-406 Porter, Lauren L.; Looger, Loren L. (5 June ... generate a chevron plot and derive a Phi value analysis. Circular dichroism is one of the most general and basic tools to study ... The bacterium E. coli is the host for bacteriophage T4, and the phage encoded gp31 protein (P17313) appears to be structurally ... Phi value analysis Potential energy of protein Protein dynamics Protein misfolding cyclic amplification Protein structure ...
Richard Feynman
Instead, he attended the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he joined the Pi Lambda Phi fraternity. Although he ... "Mapping experiments with r mutants of bacteriophage T4D". Genetics (published February 1962). 47 (2): 179-86. doi:10.1093/ ... 51 (1): 6-22. ISSN 0013-7812. Brown, Laurie M. and Rigden, John S. (editors) (1993) Most of the Good Stuff: Memories of Richard ... 5 (6): 57-61. doi:10.1088/2058-7058/5/6/38. ISSN 0953-8585. Friedman, Jerome (2004). "A Student's View of Fermi". In Cronin, ...
William A. Haseltine
He was elected to Phi Beta Kappa his junior year and graduated at the top of his class. Upon graduation he decided to learn as ... Gordon, LK; Haseltine WA (1980). "Comparison of the Cleavage of Pyrimidine Dimers by the Bacteriophage T4 and M. luteus UV- ... Haseltine, WA (July 6, 2004). "The Emergence of Regenerative Medicine: A New Field and a New Society". E-biomed: The Journal of ... 6 (6): 1983-1990. doi:10.1128/mcb.6.6.1983. PMC 367737. PMID 3537712. Sutherland, BM; Feng NI; Oliviera OM; Cairrachi G; Brash ...
Bacteriophage phi-6 cut open | NIAMS
bacteriophage phi-6
Tags: bacteriophage, bacteriophage phi-6, cryo-electron microscopy, cryo-EM, double-stranded RNA viruses, gastrointestinal ... bacteriophage phi-6. Twinkle, Twinkle Little Cryo-EM Star Posted on December 21st, 2017. by Dr. Francis Collins ... One of them is a tiny virus called bacteriophage phi-6, which researchers are studying in an effort to combat a similar, but ... the 3D structure of this immature bacteriophage phi-6 particle in the process of replication. At the points of its "star," key ...
Genre: Articles - Joshua Lederberg - Profiles in Science Search Results
7. Integration of the Bacteriophage Phi-3-T-Coded Thymidylate Synthetase Gene into the Bacillus subtilis Chromosome ... Distribution of Bacteriophage Phi-3-T Homologous Deoxyribonucleic Acid Sequences in Bacillus subtilis 168, Related ... 6 March 1960 Publisher: St. Louis Post-Dispatch Genre: Articles. Excerpts 4. Network New York: How Does the Scientific ... Bacteriophages, and Other Bacillus Species Creator: Stroynowski, Iwona Teresa Date: October 1981 Publisher: American Society ...
MeSH Browser
Bacteriophages [B04.123] * Pseudomonas Phages [B04.123.660] * Bacteriophage Pf1 [B04.123.660.535] * Bacteriophage phi 6 [ ... Bacteriophages [B04.123] * RNA Phages [B04.123.691] * Cystoviridae [B04.123.691.230] * Bacteriophage phi 6 [B04.123.691.230.070 ... Bacteriophage phi 6 Preferred Term Term UI T051140. Date01/01/1999. LexicalTag NON. ThesaurusID NLM (1993). ... Bacteriophage phi 6. Tree Number(s). B04.123.660.550. B04.123.691.230.070. B04.820.223.625.070. Unique ID. D017126. RDF Unique ...
TREE NUMBER DESCRIPTOR
Bacteriophage N4 B04.123.205.300 Bacteriophage P1 B04.123.205.305 Bacteriophage P2 B04.123.205.320 Bacteriophage phi X 174 ... Bacteriophage mu B04.123.150.500.300 Bacteriophage P1 B04.123.150.500.305 Bacteriophage P2 B04.123.150.500.350 Bacteriophage T4 ... Bacteriophage mu B04.280.090.500.300 Bacteriophage P1 B04.280.090.500.305 Bacteriophage P2 B04.280.090.500.350 Bacteriophage T4 ... Bacteriophage HK022 B04.123.205.230 Bacteriophage lambda B04.123.205.250 Bacteriophage M13 B04.123.205.260 Bacteriophage mu ...
MH DELETED MN ADDED MN
Bacteriophage phi 6 B4.123.230.70 Badnavirus B4.715.68 Bahrain Z1.586.500.175 Balloon Embolectomy E5.157.32 Balloon Occlusion ... Human papillomavirus 6 B4.280.535.50.606 B4.280.210.655.50.606 B4.909.204.210.655.50.606 B4.613.204.655.50.606 B4.909.574.204. ... Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 6, Group A, Member 1 D12.776.260.698.209.572 D12.776.260.643.572 D12.776.930.669.209.572 Nuclear ... Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 6 D8.811.913.696.620.682.700.200.515 Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 8 D8.811.913.696.620.682.700.200.547 ...
MeSH Browser
Bacteriophages [B04.123] * Pseudomonas Phages [B04.123.660] * Bacteriophage Pf1 [B04.123.660.535] * Bacteriophage phi 6 [ ... Bacteriophages [B04.123] * RNA Phages [B04.123.691] * Cystoviridae [B04.123.691.230] * Bacteriophage phi 6 [B04.123.691.230.070 ... Bacteriophage phi 6 Preferred Term Term UI T051140. Date01/01/1999. LexicalTag NON. ThesaurusID NLM (1993). ... Bacteriophage phi 6. Tree Number(s). B04.123.660.550. B04.123.691.230.070. B04.820.223.625.070. Unique ID. D017126. RDF Unique ...
Bacteriophages and Diffusion of β-Lactamase Genes - Volume 10, Number 6-June 2004 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC
... of antibiotic resistance markers among Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans strains by temperate bacteriophages Aa phi 23. Cell ... we also tested for bacteriophages from 100 mL of sewage in samples 1A and 2A (Table). Bacteriophages partially purified from ... The band in which we expected a broad range of bacteriophages (10), corresponding to a density of 1.46 ± 0.5 g mL-1, was ... To partially purify bacteriophages, two assay approaches were used to optimize the method. For both approaches, 10 mL of sewage ...
DeCS
Serrano BBlab. - Resultados de investigación
Genre: Articles - Joshua Lederberg - Profiles in Science Search Results
7. Integration of the Bacteriophage Phi-3-T-Coded Thymidylate Synthetase Gene into the Bacillus subtilis Chromosome ... Distribution of Bacteriophage Phi-3-T Homologous Deoxyribonucleic Acid Sequences in Bacillus subtilis 168, Related ... 6 March 1960 Publisher: St. Louis Post-Dispatch Genre: Articles. Excerpts 4. Network New York: How Does the Scientific ... Bacteriophages, and Other Bacillus Species Creator: Stroynowski, Iwona Teresa Date: October 1981 Publisher: American Society ...
Genre: Articles - Joshua Lederberg - Profiles in Science Search Results
7. Integration of the Bacteriophage Phi-3-T-Coded Thymidylate Synthetase Gene into the Bacillus subtilis Chromosome ... Distribution of Bacteriophage Phi-3-T Homologous Deoxyribonucleic Acid Sequences in Bacillus subtilis 168, Related ... 6 March 1960 Publisher: St. Louis Post-Dispatch Genre: Articles. Excerpts 4. Network New York: How Does the Scientific ... Bacteriophages, and Other Bacillus Species Creator: Stroynowski, Iwona Teresa Date: October 1981 Publisher: American Society ...
2017 Research Festival: The Brain, Inflammation, Cancer, and More | NIH Intramural Research Program
Shown here, a cryo-electron microscopy image of Phi-6s protein shell, or procapsid, cut open to show the different types of ... You guessed right: The bacteriophage Phi-6, which serves as a model system for rotavirus, the most common cause of diarrheal ... An understanding of how the bacteriophage assembles may help scientists develop new ways of treating rotavirus infections. ... National Institutes of Health • Office of the Director , Volume 25 Issue 6 • November-December 2017 ...
CDC Science Clips
Persistence of Bacteriophage Phi 6 on Porous and Nonporous Surfaces and the Potential for Its Use as an Ebola Virus or ... The bacteriophage Phi 6 has a phospholipid envelope and is commonly used in environmental studies as a surrogate for human ... Phi 6 was suspended in a body fluid simulant and inoculated onto 1 cm(2) coupons of steel, plastic, and two fabric curtain ... The persistence of Phi 6 was evaluated as a surrogate for EBOV and coronaviruses on porous and nonporous hospital surfaces. ...
Vírus
The results showed up to 99.98% and 99.92% viral inactivation against the phi 6 enveloped bacteriophage and MS2 non-enveloped ... bacteriophage, respectively, suggesting that this chitosan/acetic acid film is a promising material for biomedical applications ... The HMPV detection rate, according to the age group, was highest in group 4 (3 - 6 years) at 7.4% (27/367), followed by group 3 ... Results: We identified 363 bacterial and 6 viral families. A significant difference in microbial and viral abundance was found ...
Antivirales
The antiviral tests showed that TNM is antiviral against the enveloped bacteriophage phi 6, which is commonly used as a ... The results showed up to 99.98% and 99.92% viral inactivation against the phi 6 enveloped bacteriophage and MS2 non-enveloped ... although it did not have any antiviral effect against the non-enveloped bacteriophage MS2. We also found that adding sugar to ... 6. Assessment of Purity, Stability, and Pharmacokinetics of NGP-1, a Novel Prodrug of GS441254 with Potential Anti-SARS-CoV-2 ...
NIAMS Update - August 20, 2015 | NIAMS Archives
This image is a cryo-electron microscopy reconstruction of the bacteriophage phi-6 procapsid sliced open to show the four types ... This bacteriophage is a model system for certain viruses that cause more than half a million deaths of children every year. ... "The best approach is to keep infants under 6 months out of the sun," Sachs says, "and to avoid exposure to the sun in the hours ... October 4-6, 2015. Crystal Gateway Marriott Hotel and Convention Center. 1700 Jefferson Davis Highway. Arlington, VA 22202. ...
NIAMS Update - August 20, 2015 | NIAMS Archives
This image is a cryo-electron microscopy reconstruction of the bacteriophage phi-6 procapsid sliced open to show the four types ... This bacteriophage is a model system for certain viruses that cause more than half a million deaths of children every year. ... "The best approach is to keep infants under 6 months out of the sun," Sachs says, "and to avoid exposure to the sun in the hours ... October 4-6, 2015. Crystal Gateway Marriott Hotel and Convention Center. 1700 Jefferson Davis Highway. Arlington, VA 22202. ...
MH DELETED MN ADDED MN
Bacteriophage phi 6 B4.123.230.70 Badnavirus B4.715.68 Bahrain Z1.586.500.175 Balloon Embolectomy E5.157.32 Balloon Occlusion ... Human papillomavirus 6 B4.280.535.50.606 B4.280.210.655.50.606 B4.909.204.210.655.50.606 B4.613.204.655.50.606 B4.909.574.204. ... Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 6, Group A, Member 1 D12.776.260.698.209.572 D12.776.260.643.572 D12.776.930.669.209.572 Nuclear ... Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 6 D8.811.913.696.620.682.700.200.515 Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 8 D8.811.913.696.620.682.700.200.547 ...
MH DELETED MN ADDED MN
Bacteriophage phi 6 B4.123.230.70 Badnavirus B4.715.68 Bahrain Z1.586.500.175 Balloon Embolectomy E5.157.32 Balloon Occlusion ... Human papillomavirus 6 B4.280.535.50.606 B4.280.210.655.50.606 B4.909.204.210.655.50.606 B4.613.204.655.50.606 B4.909.574.204. ... Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 6, Group A, Member 1 D12.776.260.698.209.572 D12.776.260.643.572 D12.776.930.669.209.572 Nuclear ... Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 6 D8.811.913.696.620.682.700.200.515 Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 8 D8.811.913.696.620.682.700.200.547 ...
MH DELETED MN ADDED MN
Bacteriophage phi 6 B4.123.230.70 Badnavirus B4.715.68 Bahrain Z1.586.500.175 Balloon Embolectomy E5.157.32 Balloon Occlusion ... Human papillomavirus 6 B4.280.535.50.606 B4.280.210.655.50.606 B4.909.204.210.655.50.606 B4.613.204.655.50.606 B4.909.574.204. ... Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 6, Group A, Member 1 D12.776.260.698.209.572 D12.776.260.643.572 D12.776.930.669.209.572 Nuclear ... Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 6 D8.811.913.696.620.682.700.200.515 Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 8 D8.811.913.696.620.682.700.200.547 ...
MH DELETED MN ADDED MN
Bacteriophage phi 6 B4.123.230.70 Badnavirus B4.715.68 Bahrain Z1.586.500.175 Balloon Embolectomy E5.157.32 Balloon Occlusion ... Human papillomavirus 6 B4.280.535.50.606 B4.280.210.655.50.606 B4.909.204.210.655.50.606 B4.613.204.655.50.606 B4.909.574.204. ... Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 6, Group A, Member 1 D12.776.260.698.209.572 D12.776.260.643.572 D12.776.930.669.209.572 Nuclear ... Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 6 D8.811.913.696.620.682.700.200.515 Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 8 D8.811.913.696.620.682.700.200.547 ...
Frontiers | Phages in the Human Body
Bacteriophages, viruses that infect bacteria, have re-emerged as powerful regulators of bacterial populations in natural ... Bacteriophages, viruses that infect bacteria, have re-emerged as powerful regulators of bacterial populations in natural ... 1977). Nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage phi X174 DNA. Nature 265, 687-695. doi: 10.1038/265687a0 ... Schmelcher, M., and Loessner, M. J. (2014). Application of bacteriophages for detection of foodborne pathogens. Bacteriophage 4 ...
Basic Research - Digital Media Kit | National Institutes of Health (NIH)
Publication Detail
Bacteriophage phi X 174/drug effects; Bacteriophage phi X 174/genetics; Biogenic Polyamines/chemistry*; Biogenic Polyamines/ ... We have examined the ability of the polyamines and their analogues to protect phi X-174 plasmid DNA from strand breakage ... Published In Biochem Biophys Res Commun, (1998 Mar 6). Abstract: Reactive oxygen species are known to induce strand breaks and/ ...
PPE-Info - Standard Details
Considerations for Selecting Protective Clothing | NPPTL | NIOSH | CDC
Bacteriophage. Phi-X174. no penetration at 2 psi(13.8 kPa). 1 In order of increasing protection2 American Association of ... Phi-X174 bacteriophage penetration as a test system.. ISO 16604-. Clothing for protection against contact with blood and body ... Phi-X174 bacteriophage has nearly spherical morphology similar to HIV, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C. At 27 nm in diameter, it ... Bacteriophage. (Phi-X174) challenge suspension. Determines the ability of a material to resist the penetration of a ...
Virus images at VIPERdb | Virology Blog
A more detailed explanation on the Phi-Psi Maps can be found on the Phi-Psi Explorer tab of any Info Page. ... Bacteriophage Φ-X 174 (2bpa) Microvirus, Microviridae. PBCV-1 Virus Capsid (1m4x) Chlorovirus, Phycodnaviridae ... This can be seen already in the Info Page, specifically in the 3D IAU (Icosahedral Asymmetric Unit) and Phi-Psi Explorer ... X-ray structure of the entire lipid-containing bacteriophage pm2 (2w0c), Corticoviridae. Poliovirus/Receptor Complex (1nn8) ...
Find Research outputs
- The University of Aberdeen Research Portal
3 IN-FRAME N-TERMINALLY DIFFERENT PROTEINS ARE PRODUCED FROM THE REPRESSOR LOCUS OF THE STREPTOMYCES BACTERIOPHAGE-PHI-C31. ... Bialik, R. J., Nikora, V. & Rowinski, P. M., Dec 2012, In: Acta Geophysica. 60, 6, p. 1639-1660 22 p.. Research output: ... 3-Methyl-4-(4-nitrophenyl)-1-phenyl-1,7-dihydro-6H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]thiazolo[5,4-e]pyridine-6-thione-dimethylformamide (1/1). ... Fishwick, S. & Rawlinson, N., 30 Jul 2012, In: Australian Journal of Earth Sciences. 59, 6, p. 809-826 18 p.. Research output: ...
Genetics and Genealogy
"Nucleotide Sequence of Bacteriophage phi X174 DNA", Nature, 265(5596), pgs. 687-95, 27 Feb 1977. 44. Allan M. Maxam and Walter ... Alfred D. Hershey and Martha Chase,"Independent Functions of Viral Protein and Nucleic Acid in Growth of Bacteriophage", ... Moreover, subsequent research published in 1952 by A. D. Hershey and Martha Chase on the composition of bacteriophages ... Such techniques allow DNA segments to be modified and propagated readily using bacteriophages and their hosts. Subsequently, ...
Phage1
- A frequently encountered Pseudomonas phage is BACTERIOPHAGE PHI 6. (bvsalud.org)
Cryo-electron m2
- Thanks to a breakthrough technology called cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) , NIH researchers recently captured, at near atomic-level of detail, the 3D structure of this immature bacteriophage phi-6 particle in the process of replication. (nih.gov)
- Shown here, a cryo-electron microscopy image of Phi-6's protein shell, or procapsid, cut open to show the different types of protein: P1 (blue), P4 (red), P7, yellow, and P2 (purple). (nih.gov)
Pseudomonas2
- Virulent bacteriophage and sole member of the genus Cystovirus that infects Pseudomonas species. (nih.gov)
- Un fago de Pseudomonas encontrado frecuentemente es el BACTERIÓFAGO PHI 6. (bvsalud.org)
Bacteria6
- Bacteriophage is a virus that infects bacteria. (nih.gov)
- Increasing levels of resistance to antimicrobial agents in bacteria, particularly in gram-negative rods resistant to β-lactam antimicrobial drugs, have become evident ( 6 , 7 ). (cdc.gov)
- The major mechanism of resistance that causes clinically important infection in gram-negative bacteria is the production of β-lactamases, which includes chromosome- and plasmid-encoded enzymes ( 6 , 7 ). (cdc.gov)
- Bacteriophages, viruses that infect bacteria, have re-emerged as powerful regulators of bacterial populations in natural ecosystems. (frontiersin.org)
- Similar transfer efficiencies were recorded from the contaminated hands to the surfaces, with the number of bacteria transferred to the hands well above the infectious dose (up to 10 6 cells). (cupronmedicaltextiles.com)
- Importantly, more than 30% of inoculated bacteria and bacteriophage were transferred from the volunteer's hands to their lips, with clear implications for the fecal-oral transmission of nosocomial pathogens (8). (cupronmedicaltextiles.com)
Rotavirus3
- This bacteriophage is a model system for human pathogens like rotavirus that cause more than half a million deaths every year in children. (nih.gov)
- You guessed right: The bacteriophage Phi-6, which serves as a model system for rotavirus, the most common cause of diarrheal disease among infants and young children. (nih.gov)
- An understanding of how the bacteriophage assembles may help scientists develop new ways of treating rotavirus infections. (nih.gov)
Virus1
- One of them is a tiny virus called bacteriophage phi-6, which researchers are studying in an effort to combat a similar, but more-complex, group of viruses that can cause life-threatening dehydration in young children. (nih.gov)
Study1
- The study was performed with sewage samples collected during a 6-month period (November 2001 to April 2002). (cdc.gov)
Cystovirus3
- Virulent bacteriophage and sole member of the genus Cystovirus that infects Pseudomonas species. (nih.gov)
- Familia de bacteriófagos que contiene un género (Cystovirus) con un miembro (BACTERIÓFAGO PHI 6). (bvsalud.org)
- A family of bacteriophages containing one genus (Cystovirus) with one member (BACTERIOPHAGE PHI 6). (bvsalud.org)
Infects1
- Bacteriophage is a virus that infects bacteria. (nih.gov)
Hospital2
Human2
- The bacteriophage phi 6 has a phospholipid envelope and is commonly used in environmental studies as a surrogate for human enveloped viruses. (nih.gov)
- We investigated 1735 archived cerebrospinal fluid samples collected from Egyptian patients between 2016 and 2019 and performed molecular characterization for infection for12 different viruses: herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), human herpesviruses 6 and 7 (HHV-6 and HHV-7), human enteroviruses (HEVs), human parechovirus (HPeV), parvovirus B19 (B19V), adenovirus (AdV), and mumps virus (MuV). (bvsalud.org)
Results1
- Results: We identified 363 bacterial and 6 viral families. (bvsalud.org)