Bacterial vaccines. Medical search

Suspensions of attenuated or killed bacteria administered for the prevention or treatment of infectious bacterial disease.

Vaccines used to prevent TYPHOID FEVER and/or PARATYPHOID FEVER which are caused by various species of SALMONELLA. Attenuated, subunit, and inactivated forms of the vaccines exist.

Live vaccines prepared from microorganisms which have undergone physical adaptation (e.g., by radiation or temperature conditioning) or serial passage in laboratory animal hosts or infected tissue/cell cultures, in order to produce avirulent mutant strains capable of inducing protective immunity.

Administration of vaccines to stimulate the host's immune response. This includes any preparation intended for active immunological prophylaxis.

Suspensions of killed or attenuated microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa), antigenic proteins, synthetic constructs, or other bio-molecular derivatives, administered for the prevention, amelioration, or treatment of infectious and other diseases.

Immunoglobulins produced in a response to BACTERIAL ANTIGENS.

Vaccines in which the infectious microbial nucleic acid components have been destroyed by chemical or physical treatment (e.g., formalin, beta-propiolactone, gamma radiation) without affecting the antigenicity or immunogenicity of the viral coat or bacterial outer membrane proteins.

Suspensions of attenuated or killed viruses administered for the prevention or treatment of infectious viral disease.

Two or more vaccines in a single dosage form.

Recombinant DNA vectors encoding antigens administered for the prevention or treatment of disease. The host cells take up the DNA, express the antigen, and present it to the immune system in a manner similar to that which would occur during natural infection. This induces humoral and cellular immune responses against the encoded antigens. The vector is called naked DNA because there is no need for complex formulations or delivery agents; the plasmid is injected in saline or other buffers.

Small synthetic peptides that mimic surface antigens of pathogens and are immunogenic, or vaccines manufactured with the aid of recombinant DNA techniques. The latter vaccines may also be whole viruses whose nucleic acids have been modified.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines containing inactivated HIV or some of its component antigens and designed to prevent or treat AIDS. Some vaccines containing antigens are recombinantly produced.

Vaccines consisting of one or more antigens that stimulate a strong immune response. They are purified from microorganisms or produced by recombinant DNA techniques, or they can be chemically synthesized peptides.

Semisynthetic vaccines consisting of polysaccharide antigens from microorganisms attached to protein carrier molecules. The carrier protein is recognized by macrophages and T-cells thus enhancing immunity. Conjugate vaccines induce antibody formation in people not responsive to polysaccharide alone, induce higher levels of antibody, and show a booster response on repeated injection.

Vaccines made from antigens arising from any of the four strains of Plasmodium which cause malaria in humans, or from P. berghei which causes malaria in rodents.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTIONS. Human vaccines are intended to reduce the incidence of UTERINE CERVICAL NEOPLASMS, so they are sometimes considered a type of CANCER VACCINES. They are often composed of CAPSID PROTEINS, especially L1 protein, from various types of ALPHAPAPILLOMAVIRUS.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines containing inactivated hepatitis B or some of its component antigens and designed to prevent hepatitis B. Some vaccines may be recombinantly produced.

A live attenuated virus vaccine of chick embryo origin, used for routine immunization of children and for immunization of adolescents and adults who have not had measles or been immunized with live measles vaccine and have no serum antibodies against measles. Children are usually immunized with measles-mumps-rubella combination vaccine. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

A suspension of killed Bordetella pertussis organisms, used for immunization against pertussis (WHOOPING COUGH). It is generally used in a mixture with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids (DTP). There is an acellular pertussis vaccine prepared from the purified antigenic components of Bordetella pertussis, which causes fewer adverse reactions than whole-cell vaccine and, like the whole-cell vaccine, is generally used in a mixture with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

Vaccines or candidate vaccines containing antigenic polysaccharides from Haemophilus influenzae and designed to prevent infection. The vaccine can contain the polysaccharides alone or more frequently polysaccharides conjugated to carrier molecules. It is also seen as a combined vaccine with diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine.

An active immunizing agent and a viable avirulent attenuated strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, var. bovis, which confers immunity to mycobacterial infections. It is used also in immunotherapy of neoplasms due to its stimulation of antibodies and non-specific immunity.

A suspension of formalin-inactivated poliovirus grown in monkey kidney cell tissue culture and used to prevent POLIOMYELITIS.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent and treat RABIES. The inactivated virus vaccine is used for preexposure immunization to persons at high risk of exposure, and in conjunction with rabies immunoglobulin, for postexposure prophylaxis.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with ROTAVIRUS.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with VIBRIO CHOLERAE. The original cholera vaccine consisted of killed bacteria, but other kinds of vaccines now exist.

A live VACCINIA VIRUS vaccine of calf lymph or chick embryo origin, used for immunization against smallpox. It is now recommended only for laboratory workers exposed to smallpox virus. Certain countries continue to vaccinate those in the military service. Complications that result from smallpox vaccination include vaccinia, secondary bacterial infections, and encephalomyelitis. (Dorland, 28th ed)

Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent or treat TUBERCULOSIS.

Immunoglobulins produced in response to VIRAL ANTIGENS.

A live, attenuated varicella virus vaccine used for immunization against chickenpox. It is recommended for children between the ages of 12 months and 13 years.

A vaccine consisting of DIPHTHERIA TOXOID; TETANUS TOXOID; and whole-cell PERTUSSIS VACCINE. The vaccine protects against diphtheria, tetanus, and whooping cough.

Vaccines used to prevent infection by MUMPS VIRUS. Best known is the live attenuated virus vaccine of chick embryo origin, used for routine immunization of children and for immunization of adolescents and adults who have not had mumps or been immunized with live mumps vaccine. Children are usually immunized with measles-mumps-rubella combination vaccine.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with hepatitis A virus (HEPATOVIRUS).

Schedule giving optimum times usually for primary and/or secondary immunization.

Substances that augment, stimulate, activate, potentiate, or modulate the immune response at either the cellular or humoral level. The classical agents (Freund's adjuvant, BCG, Corynebacterium parvum, et al.) contain bacterial antigens. Some are endogenous (e.g., histamine, interferon, transfer factor, tuftsin, interleukin-1). Their mode of action is either non-specific, resulting in increased immune responsiveness to a wide variety of antigens, or antigen-specific, i.e., affecting a restricted type of immune response to a narrow group of antigens. The therapeutic efficacy of many biological response modifiers is related to their antigen-specific immunoadjuvanticity.

Any immunization following a primary immunization and involving exposure to the same or a closely related antigen.

A combined vaccine used to prevent MEASLES; MUMPS; and RUBELLA.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTIONS.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent ANTHRAX.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with DENGUE VIRUS. These include live-attenuated, subunit, DNA, and inactivated vaccines.

Vaccines using VIROSOMES as the antigen delivery system that stimulates the desired immune response.

Deliberate stimulation of the host's immune response. ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of ANTIGENS or IMMUNOLOGIC ADJUVANTS. PASSIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of IMMUNE SERA or LYMPHOCYTES or their extracts (e.g., transfer factor, immune RNA) or transplantation of immunocompetent cell producing tissue (thymus or bone marrow).

The heritable modification of the properties of a competent bacterium by naked DNA from another source. The uptake of naked DNA is a naturally occuring phenomenon in some bacteria. It is often used as a GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUE.

A species of gram-negative, aerobic BACTERIA. It is a commensal and pathogen only of humans, and can be carried asymptomatically in the NASOPHARYNX. When found in cerebrospinal fluid it is the causative agent of cerebrospinal meningitis (MENINGITIS, MENINGOCOCCAL). It is also found in venereal discharges and blood. There are at least 13 serogroups based on antigenic differences in the capsular polysaccharides; the ones causing most meningitis infections being A, B, C, Y, and W-135. Each serogroup can be further classified by serotype, serosubtype, and immunotype.

A species of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria primarily found in purulent venereal discharges. It is the causative agent of GONORRHEA.

Infections with bacteria of the species NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS.

A fulminant infection of the meninges and subarachnoid fluid by the bacterium NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS, producing diffuse inflammation and peri-meningeal venous thromboses. Clinical manifestations include FEVER, nuchal rigidity, SEIZURES, severe HEADACHE, petechial rash, stupor, focal neurologic deficits, HYDROCEPHALUS, and COMA. The organism is usually transmitted via nasopharyngeal secretions and is a leading cause of meningitis in children and young adults. Organisms from Neisseria meningitidis serogroups A, B, C, Y, and W-135 have been reported to cause meningitis. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp689-701; Curr Opin Pediatr 1998 Feb;10(1):13-8)

Proteins isolated from the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.

A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, coccoid bacteria whose organisms are part of the normal flora of the oropharynx, nasopharynx, and genitourinary tract. Some species are primary pathogens for humans.

The effect of route of immunization on the lapine immune response to killed Pasteurella haemolytica and the influence of aerosol challenge with the live organism. (1/3096)

Appearance of anti-Pasteurella haemolytica antibody in the serum and broncho-alveolar washings of rabbits is independent of the route of immunization and is similar in both locations. The most influential factor in development of a humoral response is exposure to live P. haemolytica and prior exposure to the killed bacterium has no significant effect upon titre determined following aerosol challenge with live organisms. (+info)

Immune response capacity after human splenic autotransplantation: restoration of response to individual pneumococcal vaccine subtypes. (2/3096)

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate features of general immune function, in particular the restoration of the humoral immune response to pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides, in humans undergoing a spleen autotransplantation after splenectomy because of trauma. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: After splenectomy, patients have an increased risk of overwhelming infection or sepsis involving encapsulated bacteria such as pneumococci. The value of human spleen autotransplantation after splenectomy because of trauma has long been questioned. Mononuclear phagocyte system function appeared to be similar to that in splenectomized persons. The presence of specific antipneumococcal antibodies would allow other parts of the mononuclear phagocyte system, such as those in the liver, to phagocytose opsonized bacteria. METHODS: Ten consecutive patients undergoing splenectomy followed by autotransplantation were compared with the next 14 consecutive patients undergoing splenectomy alone. After a minimum of 6 months, the patients were vaccinated with 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine. Blood samples were taken at the time of vaccination and after 3 and 6 weeks for antipneumococcal capsular polysaccharides IgM and IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay against types 3, 4, 6, 9, 14, and 23. Splenic regrowth was evaluated by scintigraphy. RESULTS: Surprisingly, several of the nonautotransplanted patients showed scintigraphic activity, indicating the presence of either accessory spleens or traumatic seeding (splenosis). Significant antibody titer increases (more than twofold) were found for both IgM and IgG in the autotransplanted patients. Splenectomized-only patients showed no significant increase in Ig levels in patients without splenic regrowth and partial improvement in patients with splenosis/accessory spleens. CONCLUSIONS: Considering this significant antipneumococcal antibody increase, spleen autotransplants can be expected to permit an adequate humoral response to pneumococcal infections and presumably also to other TI-2 antigens, and to protect against overwhelming postsplenectomy infection or sepsis. (+info)

Paediatric, invasive pneumococcal disease in Switzerland, 1985-1994. Swiss Pneumococcal Study Group. (3/3096)

BACKGROUND: Cost effective use of new vaccines against pneumococcal disease in children requires detailed information about the local epidemiology of pneumococcal infections. METHODS: Data on 393 culture-confirmed cases of invasive pneumococcal infection in children (<17 years) hospitalized in Swiss paediatric clinics were collected retrospectively for the years 1985-1994. RESULTS: Meningitis (42%) was most frequent, followed by pneumonia (28%) and bacteraemia (26%). The overall annual incidence was 2.7 cases per 100000 children <17 years old and 11 cases per 100000 children <2 years old. Annual incidence rates were stable over the study period. Lethality was high for meningitis (8.6%) and bacteraemia (8.9%). A history of basal skull fracture was reported in 3.3% of children with pneumococcal meningitis. Residence in a rural region was associated with an increased risk of pneumococcal infection (relative risk = 1.45, 95% confidence interval: 1.01-2.00). CONCLUSIONS: Paediatric, invasive pneumococcal disease seems to be less frequent in Switzerland than in other European and non-European countries. This may be due to differences in diagnostic strategies and lower frequency of risk factors such as the use of day care. Children with a history of basal skull fracture are at increased risk for pneumococcal meningitis. Further investigation of the association of invasive pneumococcal infection with rural residence and the use of antibiotics for upper respiratory tract infections might give new insight into the dynamics of Streptococcus pneumoniae infection and the development of antibiotic resistance. (+info)

Purification and cloning of a streptokinase from Streptococcus uberis. (4/3096)

A bovine plasminogen activator was purified from the culture supernatant of the bovine pathogen Streptococcus uberis NCTC 3858. After the final reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography step a single protein with a molecular mass of 32 kDa was detected in the active fraction. A partial peptide map was established, and degenerate primers were designed and used for amplification of fragments of the gene encoding the activator. Inverse PCR was subsequently used for obtaining the full-length gene. The S. uberis plasminogen activator gene (skc) encodes a protein consisting of 286 amino acids including a signal peptide of 25 amino acids. In an amino acid sequence comparison the cloned activator showed an identity of approximately 26% to the streptokinases isolated from Streptococcus equisimilis and Streptococcus pyogenes. Interestingly, the activator from S. uberis was found to lack the C-terminal domain possessed by the streptokinase from S. equisimilis. This is apparently a general feature of the streptokinases of this species; biochemical and genetic analysis of 10 additional strains of S. uberis revealed that 9 of these were highly similar to strain NCTC 3858. Sequencing of the skc gene from three of these strains indicated that the amino acid sequence of the protein is highly conserved within the species. (+info)

Pathogenicity island 2 mutants of Salmonella typhimurium are efficient carriers for heterologous antigens and enable modulation of immune responses. (5/3096)

The potential use as vaccine delivery system of Salmonella typhimurium strains harboring defined mutations in the sseC (HH104) and sseD (MvP101) genes, which encode putative effector proteins of the type III secretion system of Salmonella pathogenicity island 2, was evaluated and compared with that of the well-characterized aroA mutant strain SL7207 by using beta-galactosidase (beta-Gal) as a model antigen. When orally administered to immune-competent or gamma interferon-deficient (IFN-gamma-/-) BALB/c mice, both mutants were found to be highly attenuated (50% lethal dose, >10(9) bacteria). Both strains were also able to efficiently colonize and persist in Peyer's patches. Immunization with HH104 and MvP101 triggered beta-Gal-specific serum and mucosal antibody responses equivalent to or stronger than those observed in SL7207-immunized mice. Although immunoglobulin G2 (IgG2) serum antibodies were dominant in all groups, IgG1 was also significantly increased in mice vaccinated with MvP101 and SL7207. Comparable beta-Gal-specific IgA and IgG antibodies were detected in intestinal lavages from mice immunized with the different strains. Antigen-specific CD4(+) T-helper cells were generated after vaccination with all vaccine prototypes; however, responses were significantly more efficient when HH104 and MvP101 were used (P < 0.05). Significantly higher levels of IFN-gamma were produced by restimulated spleen cells from mice immunized with HH104 than from those vaccinated with the MvP101 or SL7207 derivatives (P +info)

Transcutaneous immunization with bacterial ADP-ribosylating exotoxins as antigens and adjuvants. (6/3096)

Transcutaneous immunization (TCI) is a new technique that uses the application of vaccine antigens in a solution on the skin to induce potent antibody responses without systemic or local toxicity. We have previously shown that cholera toxin (CT), a potent adjuvant for oral and nasal immunization, can induce both serum and mucosal immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA and protect against toxin-mediated mucosal disease when administered by the transcutaneous route. Additionally, CT acts as an adjuvant for coadministered antigens such as tetanus and diphtheria toxoids when applied to the skin. CT, a member of the bacterial ADP-ribosylating exotoxin (bARE) family, is most potent as an adjuvant when the A-B subunits are present and functional. We now show that TCI induces secondary antibody responses to coadministered antigens as well as to CT in response to boosting immunizations. IgG antibodies to coadministered antigens were also found in the stools and lung washes of immunized mice, suggesting that TCI may target mucosal pathogens. Mice immunized by the transcutaneous route with tetanus fragment C and CT developed anti-tetanus toxoid antibodies and were protected against systemic tetanus toxin challenge. We also show that bAREs, similarly organized as A-B subunits, as well as the B subunit of CT alone, induced antibody responses to themselves when given via TCI. Thus, TCI appears to induce potent, protective immune responses to both systemic and mucosal challenge and offers significant potential practical advantages for vaccine delivery. (+info)

Functional activities and epitope specificity of human and murine antibodies against the class 4 outer membrane protein (Rmp) of Neisseria meningitidis. (7/3096)

Antibodies against the class 4 outer membrane protein (OMP) from Neisseria meningitidis have been purified from sera from vaccinees immunized with the Norwegian meningococcal group B outer membrane vesicle vaccine. The human sera and purified antibodies reacted strongly with the class 4 OMP in immunoblots, whereas experiments with whole bacteria showed only weak reactions, indicating that the antibodies mainly reacted with parts of the class 4 molecule that were not exposed. The purified human anti-class 4 OMP antibodies and the monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were neither bactericidal nor opsonic against live meningococci. Three new MAbs against the class 4 OMP were generated and compared with other, previously described MAbs. Three linear epitopes in different regions of the class 4 OMP were identified by the reaction of MAbs with synthetic peptides. The MAbs showed no blocking effect on bactericidal activity of MAbs against other OMPs. However, one of the eight purified human anti-class 4 OMP antibody preparations, selected from immunoblot reactions among sera from 27 vaccinees, inhibited at high concentrations the bactericidal effect of a MAb against the class 1 OMP. However, these antibodies were not vaccine induced, as they were present also before vaccination. Therefore, this study gave no evidence that vaccination with a meningococcal outer membrane vesicle vaccine containing the class 4 OMP induces blocking antibodies. Our data indicated that the structure of class 4 OMP does not correspond to standard beta-barrel structures of integral OMPs and that no substantial portion of the OmpA-like C-terminal region of this protein is located at the surface of the outer membrane. (+info)

Safety and immunogenicity of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa hybrid outer membrane protein F-I vaccine in human volunteers. (8/3096)

A hybrid protein [Met-Ala-(His)6OprF190-342-OprI21-83] consisting of the mature outer membrane protein I (OprI) and amino acids 190 to 342 of OprF of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by Ni2+ chelate-affinity chromatography. After safety and pyrogenicity evaluations in animals, four groups of eight adult human volunteers were vaccinated intramuscularly three times at 4-week intervals and revaccinated 6 months later with either 500, 100, 50, or 20 microg of OprF-OprI adsorbed onto A1(OH)3. All vaccinations were well tolerated. After the first vaccination, a significant rise of antibody titers against P. aeruginosa OprF and OprI was measured in volunteers receiving the 100- or the 500-microg dose. After the second vaccination, significant antibody titers were measured for all groups. Elevated antibody titers against OprF and OprI could still be measured 6 months after the third vaccination. The capacity of the elicited antibodies to promote complement binding and opsonization could be demonstrated by a C1q-binding assay and by the in vitro opsonophagocytic uptake of P. aeruginosa bacteria. These data support the continued development of an OprF-OprI vaccine for use in humans. (+info)

These serotypes are the basis for the pneumococcal vaccines. Streptococcus agalactiae produces a polysaccharide capsule of nine ... Bacterial cell structure Quellung reaction, a method to visualize capsule under a microscope Peterson JW (1996). Bacterial ... When viewed, bacterial capsules appear as a bright halo around the cell on a dark background. The capsule is considered a ... Most bacterial capsules are composed of polysaccharide, but some species use other materials, such as poly-D-glutamic acid in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_capsule

This research has opened the door to further exploration of orally administered vaccines which exploit bacterial adhesins. A ... However, bacterial adhesins do not serve as a sort of universal bacterial Velcro. Rather, they act as specific surface ... Adhesion and bacterial adhesins are also a potential target for prophylaxis or treatment of bacterial infections. Bacteria are ... During the bacterial lifespan, a bacterium is subjected to frequent shear-forces. In the crudest sense, bacterial adhesins ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_adhesin

Vaccine delivery is a very common application of bacterial surface display. There are two types of live bacterial vaccines that ... Conventional vaccines require the addition of adjuvants. Another advantage of generating vaccines using bacterial display ... aiming at developing multivalent live bacterial vaccines (12-15). This was the first evidence of using bacterial surface ... Using bacterial surface display of antigens is a valuable alternative to conventional vaccine design for various reasons, one ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_display

Ellis, Ronald W.; Brodeur, Bernard R. (2012). New Bacterial Vaccines. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 158. ISBN ... The vaccine approach has a greater likelihood of effectively preventing group A streptococcal infections because vaccine ... There have been several attempts to create a vaccine in the past few decades. These vaccines, which are still in the ... A vaccine that will protect against the 180 to 200 types of bacteria causing the disease has been worked on for over 20 years, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scarlet_fever

Ellis, Ronald W.; Brodeur, Bernard R. (2003-11-30). New Bacterial Vaccines. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 978-0-306- ... "A mechanism for glycoconjugate vaccine activation of the adaptive immune system and its implications for vaccine design". ... Vaccines. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. 1994. ISBN 978-0-87969-434-0. McAdam, Alexander J. (2021-10-19). Munson, Erik (ed.). " ... "Research Guides: Vaccines: An Evolving History: Archive & Manuscript Collections". guides.library.harvard.edu. Retrieved 2022- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dennis_Kasper

2004, January 7). 69 FR 1320 - Biological Products; Bacterial Vaccines and Toxoids; Implementation of Efficacy Review. [ ... "Vaccines with the MF59 Adjuvant Do Not Stimulate Antibody Responses against Squalene". Clinical and Vaccine Immunology. 13 (9 ... PB was used as a prophylactic against nerve agents; it is not a vaccine. Taken before exposure to nerve agents, PB was thought ... These include low-level exposure to nerve agents, close proximity to oil well fires, receipt of multiple vaccines, and effects ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_War_syndrome

1980N-0208 Biological Products; Bacterial Vaccines and Toxoids; Implementation of Efficacy Review; Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed; ... The vaccine is required for US military members who are deployed to the Middle East, although some have objected to the vaccine ... The anthrax vaccine program to which he had devoted his entire career of more than 20 years was failing. The anthrax vaccines ... and debate ensued about whether these problems were really vaccine-related. The DOD maintained that the vaccine was safe, but ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthrax_Vaccine_Immunization_Program

... a change that was important for vaccine development and accurate diagnosis". The vaccine resulted in a protection rate of 95 ... As a professor at the University of Maryland School of Medicine, he also researched other bacterial diseases such as typhus and ... His research helped to develop one of the first successful Q fever vaccines, noted by The New York Times. Fiset was born in ... Paul Fiset, 78, Microbiologist And Developer of Q Fever Vaccine". New York Times. p. C-17. Rasmussen, Frederick N. (March 3, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Fiset

"CTAB in polysaccharide (bacterial) vaccines". 22 October 2021. Archived from the original on 2017-05-17. Mehta, S. K.; Kumar, ... as a purification agent in the downstream vaccine processing of polysaccharide vaccines. Glycoproteins form broad, fuzzy bands ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cetrimonium_bromide

Finn, Adam (1 January 2004). "Bacterial polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines". British Medical Bulletin. 70 (1): 1-14. doi ... All Hib vaccines that are currently used are conjugate vaccine. An initial Hib vaccine was developed in 1977, which was ... Hib vaccine combined with diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis-polio vaccines and hepatitis B vaccines are available in the United ... The Haemophilus influenzae type B vaccine, also known as Hib vaccine, is a vaccine used to prevent Haemophilus influenzae type ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hib_vaccine

... conjugate vaccine against meningococcal-C disease and the first recombinant bacterial vaccine against pertussis. Currently,[ ... Rino Rappuoli is head of vaccine research and development (R&D) at GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) Vaccines. Previously, he has served as ... Rappuoli joined Chiron as head of European vaccines research in 1992 with the acquisition of Italian vaccines company Sclavo ... Rappuoli, was previously the global head of vaccines research for Novartis Vaccines & Diagnostics (Siena, Italy) Since 2015, Dr ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rino_Rappuoli

Vaccines for Biodefense and Emerging and Neglected Diseases. Access Online via Elsevier, 2009. Chan, Voon Loong. "Bacterial ... Pathogenesis of bacterial infections in animals. Wiley. com, 2008. "Helicobacter cholecystus" at the Encyclopedia of Life LPSN ... Type strain of Helicobacter cholecystus at BacDive - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase v t e (Articles with short ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helicobacter_cholecystus

"Bacterial outer membrane vesicles and vaccine applications". Frontiers in Immunology. 5: 121. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2014.00121. PMC ... In 'complacent' bacterial colonies, OMVs may be used to carry DNA to 'related' microbes for genetic transformations, and also ... Bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are vesicles of lipids released from the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria. ... Thus, bacterial OMVs, being strong immunomodulators, can be manipulated for their immunogenic contents and utilized as potent ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_outer_membrane_vesicles

... vaccines; skin contact with chemicals (e.g. p-phenylenediamine, thiomersal, and cladribine); viral, bacterial, fungal, and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosquito_bite_allergy

Lactobacillus vaccines are used in the therapy and prophylaxis of non-specific bacterial vaginitis and trichomoniasis. The ... To test their assumption, further 700 patients each received treatment with an inactivated bacterial vaccine composed of one of ... Today Gynatren is the only lactobacillus vaccine marketed for the treatment of non-specific bacterial vaginitis and ... Treatment with the experimental bacterial vaccines was capable to eliminate trichomoniasis in 28% of infected patients and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactobacillus_vaccine

... ethical committees for vaccine programmes; bacterial vaccine development and distribution efforts; and landmine issues and the ... vaccine that is part of the current triple vaccine. Briefly, they cloned the pertussis toxin, mapped the antigenic epitopes ... This model is now used to produce other safe acellular vaccines. They also showed that 'toxoidation' of whole bacteria with ... using antibodies from individuals, who had the disease and or were vaccinated with the old whole-cell vaccine, and attached ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamas_Bartfai

Vaccine burden: Miller E, Andrews N, Waight P, Taylor B (March 2003). "Bacterial infections, immune overload, and MMR vaccine. ... Vaccine hesitancy is a delay in acceptance, or refusal, of vaccines despite the availability of vaccine services. The term ... when the routine vaccine schedule could contain more than 3,000 antigens (in a single shot of DTP vaccine). The vaccine ... the more vaccines offered, the higher the likelihood of vaccine deferral). The use of combination vaccines to protect against ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_hesitancy

There is no vaccine. There are two treatment options depending on the location of the infection. Amoebiasis in tissues is ... Bacterial colitis can result in similar symptoms. Prevention of amoebiasis is by improved sanitation, including separating food ... Amoebic dysentery is one form of traveler's diarrhea, although most traveler's diarrhea is bacterial or viral in origin. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amoebiasis

"Bacterial outer membrane vesicles and vaccine applications". Frontiers in Immunology. 5: 121. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2014.00121. PMC ... This category of vaccine includes DNA vaccines, RNA vaccines, and viral vector vaccines, which differ in the chemical form of ... A variety of vaccine types are under development; see Experimental Vaccine Types. Most vaccines are given by hypodermic or ... Examples are vaccines against flu, cholera, plague, and hepatitis A. Most vaccines of this type are likely to require booster ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunity_(medical)

Vaccine burden: Miller E, Andrews N, Waight P, Taylor B (March 2003). "Bacterial infections, immune overload, and MMR vaccine. ... parental concerns about vaccine 'overload' and 'immune-vulnerability'". Vaccine. 24 (20): 4321-7. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.03 ... Vaccine. 36 (39): 5825-31. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.08.036. PMID 30139653. S2CID 52073320. "Vaccines, Autism, and Retraction ... Vaccine overload became popular after the Vaccine Injury Compensation Program accepted the case of nine year old Hannah Poling ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccines_and_autism

"Connaught Labs, Persistent Pertussis & Bacterial Vaccines Improvement". Connaught Fund. Retrieved 2020-02-13. FARRELL, LEONE; ... She compared a concentrated, a heated, and a control version of the vaccine using several tests. She was not, however, able to ... Taylor also contributed to Connaught Laboratories research on the polio vaccine. In 1957, she developed a variant of the Nash ... Edith M. Taylor (1899-1993) was a Canadian biochemist known primarily for her work in producing novel techniques in vaccine ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edith_M._Taylor

Other uncharacterized bacterial byproducts are also present. Whether or not the EF and LF contribute to the vaccine's efficacy ... Anthrax vaccine adsorbed (AVA) is the only FDA-licensed human anthrax vaccine in the United States. It is produced under the ... to supply up to 75 million doses of a recombinant anthrax vaccine, for $877 million. To be acceptable to HHS, this vaccine was ... Baylor NW, Egan W, Richman P (May 2002). "Aluminum salts in vaccines--US perspective". Vaccine. 20 Suppl 3: S18-23. doi:10.1016 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthrax_vaccine_adsorbed

Bacteriophages are bacterial viruses, evolved to infect bacterial cells; to do that, phages must use characteristic structures ... González-Mora A, Hernández-Pérez J, Iqbal HM, Rito-Palomares M, Benavides J (September 2020). "Bacteriophage-Based Vaccines: A ... If the bacteria die, as seen by plaques formed on a bacterial lawn, the phages can be grown in liquid cultures, which is then ... The high bacterial strain specificity of phage therapy may make it necessary for clinics to make different cocktails for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phage_therapy

This type of vaccine can also be used when there is antigenic variability within the same bacterial species such that ... Autogenous vaccines, also called autologous vaccines, autovaccines, "self" or custom vaccines, are vaccines that are prepared ... including autogenous vaccines. Vaccine Therapeutic vaccines Immune system Immunotherapy Giedrys-Kalemba S, Czernomysy-Furowicz ... Autogenous vaccines soon became less popular as a therapeutic agent against bacterial infection due to the discovery of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autogenous_vaccines

... molecular epidemiology and vaccine development of various bacterial pathogens, particularly Neisseria meningitidis (causes ... "Akeso Biomedical Patents". Patent US6861507 - Screening of neisserial vaccine candidates and vaccines against pathogenic ... - ... Molecular and Clinical Aspects of Bacterial Vaccine Development; and Medical Microbiology. He also holds numerous patents for ... These virulence factors have been investigated for their vaccine potential. They have also studied the human genetic response ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dlawer_Ala'Aldeen

If bacterial conjunctivitis is suspected, but no response to topical antibiotics is seen, swabs for bacterial culture should be ... 2015). Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases. U.S. Dept. of Health & Human Services, Centers for Disease ... Bacterial infections, allergies, other irritants, and dryness are also common causes. Both bacterial and viral infections are ... Both viral and bacterial cases are easily spread between people. Allergies to pollen or animal hair are also a common cause. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjunctivitis

The acute nature of the disease makes successful treatment difficult, and the efficacy of the commonly used vaccine is disputed ... Blackleg, black quarter, quarter evil, or quarter ill (Latin: gangraena emphysematosa) is an infectious bacterial disease most ... Treatment is only effective in the early stages and as a control measure.[citation needed] Gas gangrene Clostridium vaccine ... commonly caused by Clostridium chauvoei, a Gram-positive bacterial species. It is seen in livestock all over the world, usually ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackleg_(disease)

Antibiotics drastically reduced mortality from bacterial diseases. A vaccine was developed for polio, ending a worldwide ... Vaccines, hygiene and clean water improved health and decreased mortality rates, especially among infants and the young. An ... Effective vaccines were also developed for a number of other serious infectious diseases, including influenza, diphtheria, ... The role of sexual reproduction in evolution was understood, and bacterial conjugation was discovered. The convergence of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/20th_century

They proposed a new method for choosing the best vaccine to fight and eliminate certain bacterial strains using genomic data ... Sharma, Shradhha (February 3, 2020). "Pioneering SFU research customizes vaccines to reduce bacterial disease". sfu.ca. Simon ... and Nick Croucher published a study in the journal Nature Microbiology regarding vaccines. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caroline_Colijn

"Plasmid maintenance systems suitable for GMO-based bacterial vaccines". Vaccine. 23 (17-18): 2060-2065. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine. ... The transgenic organisms are usually applied to use as oral vaccines, which allows the active substances to enter the human ... With the help of recombinant DNA techniques, the genes encoded for viral or bacterial antigens could be genetically transcribed ... This technique has been widely used in vaccine production including rice, maize, and soybeans. Additionally, transgenic plants ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetically_modified_food

This technology is now being used to investigate novel vaccine strategies. The ability to synthesize viruses has far-reaching ... synthetic virology technology to investigate anti-bacterial viruses and gene therapy vectors for cancer v t e (Articles with ... Codagenix - Synthetic virology technology to investigate novel vaccine strategies SynVaccine - Synthetic virology technology to ... investigate novel vaccine strategies West Nanorobotics - Metamorphic bacteriophage MV-28 (2019),Chimeric bacteriophage MV-3 ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic_virology

Phage eluted in the final step can be used to infect a suitable bacterial host, from which the phagemids can be collected and ... antibody Fab that bound tetanus toxin and the method was then extended to rapidly clone human anti-HIV-1 antibodies for vaccine ... The phage gene and insert DNA hybrid is then inserted (a process known as "transduction") into E. coli bacterial cells such as ... Those that remain can be eluted, used to produce more phage (by bacterial infection with helper phage) and to produce a phage ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phage_display

Another monkeypox vaccine, the modern LC16m8 vaccine was developed in Japan as a national asset, and the manufacturer said it ... mostly for pain and bacterial infections that can occur as a result of monkeypox lesions". Studies published a month later, in ... a number of countries have stated they are buying vaccines and/or releasing vaccines from national stockpiles for use in the ... FDA Authorizes Emergency Use of JYNNEOS Vaccine to Increase Vaccine Supply". FDA. 9 August 2022. Retrieved 14 August 2022. " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_monkeypox_outbreak

For example, during research to produce a more efficient vaccine for smallpox, Yasu-ichi Nagano and Yasuhiko Kojima-two ... Binding of molecules uniquely found in microbes-viral glycoproteins, viral RNA, bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide), ... bacterial flagella, CpG motifs-by pattern recognition receptors, such as membrane bound toll like receptors or the cytoplasmic ... allowing mass cultivation and purification from bacterial cultures or derived from yeasts. Interferon can also be produced by ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interferon

This vaccine worked, and for some years after it was used by people in that region to convert the illness from one with high ... Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) is a bacterial disease spread by ticks. It typically begins with a fever and headache, ... Bacterial replication in host cells causes endothelial cell proliferation and inflammation, resulting in mononuclear cell ... Mediates Bacterial Invasion through Ku70 in an Actin, c-Cbl, Clathrin and Caveolin 2-Dependent Manner". Cellular Microbiology. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocky_Mountain_spotted_fever

A vaccine for humans to prevent tick-borne encephalitis was approved by the CDC in 2021 for use in the US. Though, this is not ... These bacterial infections]often cause well-described rashes, such as the bullseye rash of Lyme disease, or the spotted rash of ... Non-bacterial pathogens transmitted by ticks are also common. Viruses transmitted by arthropods such as ticks are an emerging ... "Current status and future prospects of multi-antigen tick vaccine". Journal of Vector Borne Diseases. 58 (3): 183-192. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tick_infestation

"A lucky career in bacterial vaccines." (2012) Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, vol 8, issue 4, pp. 420-422 Clark, Thornton ... "A lucky career in bacterial vaccines." (2012) Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, vol 8, issue 4, pp. 420-422 Lasker ... Clinical trials in Finland demonstrated the vaccine's effectiveness in children, but not in infants. This vaccine was approved ... The conjugate vaccine technique Anderson and his colleagues developed led to a Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) vaccine ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porter_W_Anderson_Jr.

Vaccine Immunol. 13 (10): 1170-1. doi:10.1128/CVI.00238-06. PMC 1595329. PMID 17028220. Wormser GP, Masters E, Liveris D, et al ... which has led some authors to argue that the illness is not caused by a bacterial pathogen. Infections are treated with ... Bacterial diseases, Tick-borne diseases, Lyme disease, Spirochaetes). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_tick-associated_rash_illness

"Some Outbreaks of Vaccine-preventable Disease in Groups with Religious or Philosophical Exemptions to Vaccination", CHILD ... In 1977 he became ill with bacterial meningitis. The Swans, Christian Scientists at the time, were persuaded by Christian ... discouraged reporting and investigation of religion-based medical neglect of children and spawned many outbreaks of vaccine- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Children's_Healthcare_is_a_Legal_Duty

For instance, biological decontamination involving the use of a single bacterial species, Flavobacterium aurantiacum has been ... Impairment of the cell-mediated response to vaccine antigen and modulation of cytokine expression". Toxicology and Applied ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aflatoxin_B1

19 vaccines were two-dose vaccines, with the sole exception being the single-dose Janssen COVID-19 vaccine. However, immunity ... Hydrogen peroxide is used to help eliminate bacterial spores in the alcohol; it is "not an active substance for hand antisepsis ... and delaying additional cases until effective treatments or a vaccine become available. A COVID‑19 vaccine is a vaccine ... requiring people to get booster doses of the vaccine to maintain immunity against COVID‑19. The COVID‑19 vaccines are widely ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19

The Brucella abortus (rough LPS Brucella) vaccine, developed for bovine brucellosis and licensed by the USDA Animal Plant ... military contributions to the study of bacterial zoonoses." Military Medicine 170 (2005): 39-48. Bossi, P., Tegnell, A., Baka, ... but there is currently no approved vaccine for swine brucellosis. In the United States, B. suis was the first biological agent ... "The intramacrophagic environment of Brucella suis and bacterial response". Veterinary Microbiology. 90 (1-4): 299-309. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brucella_suis

Importantly, the insecticidal protein could be translated from the bacterial AU-rich mRNA, while for nuclear expression only ... Since then, the Maliga laboratory developed chloroplast expression tools that yield 25% tetanus subunit vaccine and >45% GFP in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pal_Maliga

... is a live attenuated bacterial vaccine that protects against typhoid. First licensed in Europe in 1983 and in the United ... the other two being the Typhoid Conjugate Vaccine (TCV) and Vi capsular polysaccharide vaccine). The vaccine is given by mouth ... Vaccines, Live vaccines, Enterobacteria, Typhoid fever, All stub articles, Vaccine stubs). ... The vaccine must be stored at 2 to 8 °C, but will retain its potency for 14 days at 25 °C. The vaccine offers a statistically ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ty21a

Function: Their role is to act as spacers by moving the head domains away from the bacterial cell surface and toward the ... 2002). "NadA, a novel vaccine candidate of Neisseria meningitidis". J Exp Med. 195 (11): 1445-54. doi:10.1084/jem.20020407. PMC ... In essence, the beta-barrel is a porin that sits within the bacterial outer membrane. The passenger domain or in other words ... YadA bacterial adhesin protein domain Type V secretion system Virulence factor Cell adhesion Outer membrane Gram negative ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trimeric_autotransporter_adhesin

Multiple vaccines are available for the prevention of Lyme disease in dogs. The vaccine LYMErix was available from 1998 to 2002 ... Successful infection of the mammalian host depends on bacterial expression of OspC. Tick bites often go unnoticed because of ... No human vaccines for Lyme disease are currently available, although research is ongoing. Multiple vaccines are available for ... Poland GA, Jacobson RM (March 2001). "The prevention of Lyme disease with vaccine". Vaccine. 19 (17-19): 2303-8. doi:10.1016/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyme_disease

The glycosylation process is important for the ability of Kingella kingae to form bacterial aggregates and to bind to epithelia ... Potential uses of glycoengineering tools include the creation of vaccines against protein-bound polysaccharides. Actinobacillus ... N-glycosyltransferases usually target adhesin proteins, which are involved in the attachment of bacterial cells to epithelia ( ... Nothaft H, Szymanski CM (March 2013). "Bacterial protein N-glycosylation: new perspectives and applications". The Journal of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-glycosyltransferase

Bacterial spores on the other hand cannot be killed by iodine, but they can be inhibited by iodophors. The growth of ... Louis Pasteur's work in microbiology also led to the development of many vaccines for life-threatening diseases such as anthrax ... Bacterial endospores can be killed using this method. Both dry and moist heat are effective in eliminating microbial life. For ... When a bacterial enzyme comes in contact with a compound containing chlorine, the hydrogen atom in that molecule gets displaced ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimicrobial

"2009 Hope is a Vaccine Award Ceremony". Gaia Vaccine Foundation. Retrieved 2020-07-16. (CS1 maint: others, CS1 maint: url- ... Carol A. Nacy (born 1948) is a microbiologist and immunologist focused on the immune response of bacterial and parasitic ... Hope is a Vaccine, by the Global Alliance for Immunization against Aids (GAIA) for her work to create new drugs for TB. Nacy is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carol_A._Nacy

Bacterial strains of both Inaba and Ogawa serotypes and of El Tor and Classical biotypes are included in the vaccine. Dukoral ... Inactivated vaccines, Vaccines, World Health Organization essential medicines (vaccines), Wikipedia medicine articles ready to ... The vaccine acts by inducing antibodies against both the bacterial components and CTB. The antibacterial intestinal antibodies ... The first vaccines used against cholera were developed in the late 1800s. They were the first widely used vaccine that was made ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholera_vaccine

In 1974, the facility was re-named as the Scientific-Research Institute of Bacterial Vaccine Preparations.[citation needed] The ... A meat-processing plant was located nearby with a view to supplying components of bacterial nutrient media. There was a high ... In all, some 80 per cent of around 59,000 eligible individuals were injected with the Soviet STI anthrax vaccine. The latter ... 19 (Ekaterinburg) in the areas of infectious diseases in animals and production of veterinary vaccines. The project eventually ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sverdlovsk_anthrax_leak

Some of these materials were used for Iraq's biological weapons research program, while others were used for vaccine ... program scientists had investigated the BW potential of five bacterial strains, one fungal strain, five types of virus, and ... Approximately 150,000 US troops received the U.S. Food and Drug Administration-licensed anthrax vaccine (BioThrax), and 8,000 ... Iraq officially acknowledged that it had worked with several species of bacterial pathogen, including Bacillus anthracis, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraqi_biological_weapons_program

The first virus to be used as a vaccine vector was the vaccinia virus in 1984 as a way to protect chimpanzees against hepatitis ... ISBN 978-0-8153-4072-0. Chen I, Dubnau D (March 2004). "DNA uptake during bacterial transformation". Nature Reviews. ... As a method for creating a new class of vaccine, gene delivery has been utilized to generate a hybrid biosynthetic vector to ... deliver a possible vaccine. This vector overcomes traditional barriers to gene delivery by combining E. coli with a synthetic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_delivery

... and include bacterial carbohydrates (such as lipopolysaccharide or LPS, mannose), nucleic acids (such as bacterial or viral DNA ... T-cell therapy and cancer vaccines. NOD2 has been associated through a loss- and gain- of function with development of Crohn's ... NLRP3 can be activated and give rise to NLRP3 inflammasome by ATP, bacterial pore-forming toxins, alum and crystals. Alongside ... The first PRR identified in plants or animals was the Xa21 protein, conferring resistance to the Gram-negative bacterial ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pattern_recognition_receptor

Instead, Hsiung secured a job testing bacterial and viral vaccines for use in animals at the Epizootic Prevention Bureau of the ... In 1953, she came to work in the Department of Microbiology with the hope of developing an improved vaccine for tuberculosis. ... where she developed the first vaccine for infectious bronchitis virus in chickens. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G._D._Hsiung

Bacterial meningitis is the deadliest form of this disease but throughout the years, having become more aware of the disease ... As a child, you are more at risk of contracting meningitis which is why recommended vaccines have been put in place across the ... A crucial factor in the bacterial growth and spread is the location of the handle. An internal handle on a rarely opened closet ... Meningitis is the swelling of the membranes around the spinal cord and brain most often caused by Viral and Bacterial infection ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Door_handle_bacteria

As a result, tumor vaccine strategies for Hsp70s have been highly successful in animal models and progressed to clinical trials ... "Modification of two distinct COOH-terminal domains is required for murine p53 activation by bacterial Hsp70". The Journal of ... Therefore, the vaccine holds promise for treating hepatocellular carcinoma. Alternatively, overexpression of Hsp70 can mitigate ... One treatment, a Hsp72/AFP recombined vaccine, elicited robust protective immunity against AFP-expressing tumors in mice ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSPA8

... bacterial diarrhea and hepatitis A vectorborne diseases: dengue fever note: a new coronavirus is causing sustained community ... of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine total dependency ratio: 51.4 (2015 est.) youth dependency ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Mexico

... bacterial conjugation - bacterial outer membrane protein - bacterial protein - bacteriorhodopsin - base (chemistry) - base pair ... UV/VIS spectroscopy vaccine - vacuole - valence - valine - van der Waals force - van der Waals radius - vapor pressure - vapour ... synthetic vaccine - systems biology T cell - T-cell antigen receptors - tachykinin - tachykinin receptor - talin protein - ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_biochemistry_articles

There is a push to develop new vaccines that are multi-pathogenic and DIVA compatible. H. somni vaccines are usually killed ... Diagnosis can be made by testing blood, cerebrospinal fluids, joint or pleural fluids for bacterial DNA via PCR or bacterial ... Like other bacterial infections, antibiotic susceptibility assays should be performed and it has been reported that Hisotphilus ... "REPORT OF THE MEETING OF THE OIE AD HOC GROUP ON PRIORITISATION OF DISEASES FOR WHICH VACCINES COULD REDUCE ANTIMICROBIAL USE ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histophilus_somni

Vaccines, Inactivated, Bacterial. Class Summary. Patients should ideally undergo the following prophylactic vaccinations ... Vaccines should be administered at least 14 days prior to scheduled splenectomy. If indicated, multiple vaccines can be given ... Meningitis group A C Y and W-135 vaccine (Menomune-A/C/Y/W-135). This vaccine contains capsular polysaccharide antigens (groups ... this vaccine was discontinued in 2017. A quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine (Menactra or Menveo) is preferred by the ...

https://www.medscape.com/answers/206208-75675/which-medications-in-the-drug-class-vaccines-inactivated-bacterial-are-used-in-the-treatment-of-splenomegaly

Oral enteric bacterial vaccines : report of a WHO scientific group [‎meeting held in Geneva from 2 to 8 November 1971]‎ ... WHO Scientific Group on Oral Enteric Bacterial Vaccines; World Health Organization (‎Organización Mundial de la Salud, 1972)‎ ... Bacterial vaccines in clinical and preclinical development 2021: an overview and analysis ... WHO Scientific Group on Oral Enteric Bacterial Vaccines; World Health Organization (‎World Health OrganizationWorld Health ...

https://apps.who.int/iris/browse?authority=Bacterial+Vaccines&type=mesh

World Health Organization member states with at least one invasive bacterial vaccine-preventable diseases (IB-VPD) hospital ... TABLE 1. Characteristics of global invasive bacterial vaccine-preventable diseases (IB-VPD) sentinel surveillance network sites ... Global Invasive Bacterial Vaccine-Preventable Diseases Surveillance - 2008-2014. Jillian Murray, MSPH1,2, Mary Agócs, MD1, ... The WHO invasive bacterial and vaccine-preventable disease (IB-VPD) surveillance network includes sentinel hospitals and ...

https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6349a4.htm

Table 5-01: Vaccine-Preventable Diseases: Bacterial. VACCINE. TRADE NAME (MANUFACTURER). DESCRIPTION1 & ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION ... Vaccine-Preventable Diseases: Bacterial. CDC Yellow Book 2024. Travel-Associated Infections & Diseases ... For all diphtheria vaccines licensed for use in the United States, see: Vaccines Licensed for Use in the United States. ... For all pertussis vaccines licensed for use in the United States, see: Vaccines Licensed for Use in the United States. ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2024/infections-diseases/vaccine-preventable-diseases-bacterial

WHO Scientific Group on Oral Enteric Bacterial Vaccines; World Health Organization (‎Organisation mondiale de la Santé, 1972)‎ ...

https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/browse?locale-attribute=en&etal=-1&type=mesh&offset=20&authority=Bacterial+Vaccines&rpp=20&order=ASC&sort_by=-1

... immunity to influenza skews immune responses toward coinfecting bacteria and discover novel modes to prevent bacterial ... Positive Contribution of Adjuvanted Influenza Vaccines to the Resolution of Bacterial Superinfections J Infect Dis. 2016 Jun 15 ... 1 GSK Vaccines S.r.l., Vaccines Research Center, Siena Department of Biology, University of Padua, Italy. ... 2 GSK Vaccines S.r.l., Vaccines Research Center, Siena Dynavax Technologies, Berkeley, California. ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26908732/?dopt=Abstract

... vaccines against disease, and has the added advantage of a longer storage life than "live" vaccines, according to researchers ... more effective vaccines for resource-poor regions where vaccines are most needed. The technology could also greatly expedite ... Vaccines are designed to stimulate the immune system to protect against micro-organisms such as viruses or bacteria, by ... "The resulting vaccines using irradiation might be the next-best approach, after those produced using live bacteria. But they ...

https://health.ucsd.edu/news/2006/pages/07_25_raz.aspx

A new global roadmap to defeat meningitis aims to reduce cases of vaccine-preventable meningitis by 50% and decrease the number ... The Role of Increasing Access to Vaccines in Preventing Meningitis. Vaccines are the most effective means of preventing ... cause bacterial meningitis.3 Different types of bacterial meningitis are more likely to affect different age groups, but ... vaccines protect against meningococcal serogroup B, a different kind of meningococcal bacteria. You need both vaccines to ...

https://www.pfizer.com/news/articles/operation_eradication_the_global_health_community_comes_together_to_defeat_meningitis_by_2030

There are a number of specific characteristics to be considered when developing and manufacturing live bacterial vaccines. ... Live attenuated vaccines are among the most widely used vaccination technologies. Attenuated vaccines consist of bacterial or ... Three attenuated live bacterial vaccine (LBV) strains are currently licensed for human use: Mycobacterium bovis strain Bacille ... There are a number of specific characteristics to be considered when developing and manufacturing live bacterial vaccines. ...

https://www.biopharminternational.com/view/developing-and-manufacturing-attenuated-live-bacterial-vaccines

H. influenzae vaccine was introduced in routine childhood vaccines in 1998, and bivalent meningococcal AC vaccine was ... Trend of bacterial meningitis in Bahrain from 1990 to 2013 and effect of introduction of new vaccines ... However, the epidemiology of bacterial meningitis continues to shift with the ongoing introduction of vaccines against the most ... This outbreak was the stimulus to introduce the H. influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine in 1998 as a part of the 5-antigen vaccine ( ...

https://www.emro.who.int/fr/emhj-volume-22-2016/volume-22-issue-3/trend-of-bacterial-meningitis-in-bahrain-from-1990-to-2013-and-effect-of-introduction-of-new-vaccines.html

Communicable Diseases Module: 3. Bacterial Vaccine-Preventable Diseases. *Study Session 3 Bacterial Vaccine-Preventable ... Before we can tell you about the vaccine-preventable diseases, you need to understand what is meant by a vaccine. Vaccines are ... 3.1 Vaccines, immunity and vaccination. Figure 3.1 Vaccination may hurt for a moment but the BCG vaccine given to this baby ... The contents of the vaccine have first been treated, weakened or killed to make them safe. If a vaccine is injected into a ...

https://www.open.edu/openlearncreate/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=86§ion=8.3

Bacterial vaccines in clinical and preclinical development 2021: an overview and analysis. ... More vaccines must be developed to tackle antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacterial pathogens, and countries must make better use ... The World Health Organizations (WHO) "An analysis of bacterial vaccines in preclinical and clinical development: 2021" is the ... The analyses focuses on vaccine candidates in development against pathogens in the WHO Bacterial Priority Pathogens list, ...

http://indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/content/473193/bacterial-vaccines-in-clinical-and-preclinical-development-2021-an-overview-and-analysis/

Bacterial vaccines / edited by John B. Robbins ... [et al.] Contributor(s): Robbins, John BMaterial type: TextPublication ... Bacterial vaccinesNLM classification: WC 200 Tags from this library: No tags from this library for this title. Log in to add ... details: New York : Praeger, 1987. Description: 565 pISBN: 0275921573Subject(s): Bacterial infections -- prevention and control ...

https://kohahq.searo.who.int/cgi-bin/koha/opac-search.pl?q=ccl=su%3A%7BBacterial%20vaccines.%7D&sort_by=relevance_dsc&count=20&limit=au:Robbins,%20John%20B.

Kalu SU, Chonmaitree T. Health and economic benefits of bacterial vaccines in the prevention of otitis media. Pediatric Health ... Health and economic benefits of bacterial vaccines in the prevention of otitis media. In: Pediatric Health. 2009 ; Vol. 3, No. ... Kalu, S. U., & Chonmaitree, T. (2009). Health and economic benefits of bacterial vaccines in the prevention of otitis media. ... Kalu, SU & Chonmaitree, T 2009, Health and economic benefits of bacterial vaccines in the prevention of otitis media, ...

https://researchexperts.utmb.edu/en/publications/health-and-economic-benefits-of-bacterial-vaccines-in-the-prevent

Pediatric bacterial meningitis is a life-threatening illness that results from bacterial infection of the meninges and leaves ... Vaccines, Inactivated, Bacterial. Class Summary. Vaccines with inactivated bacteria are used to induce active immunity against ... Cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis in children in the era of bacterial conjugate vaccines: distinguishing the child with bacterial ... This vaccine is a diphtheria toxoid conjugate vaccine that induces the production of bactericidal antibodies specific to ...

https://emedicine.staging.medscape.com/article/961497-medication

Meningitis, Bacterial Meningitis, Pneumococcal Pneumococcal Vaccines Serotyping Streptococcus Pneumoniae Vaccines, Conjugate ... Nationwide Trends in Bacterial Meningitis before the Introduction of 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine-Burkina Faso, ... Nationwide Trends in Bacterial Meningitis before the Introduction of 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine-Burkina Faso, ... Title : Nationwide Trends in Bacterial Meningitis before the Introduction of 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine-Burkina ...

https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/43057

"Bacterial Vaccines","data":{"category":"Medicine","linkRef":"Bacterial Vaccines"}},{"value":"Bacterial and Viral Vaccines"," ... ":"Varicella vaccine [Chickenpox vaccine]"}},{"value":"Varicella zoster vaccine [Shingles vaccine]","data":{"category":" ... "Bacterial and Viral Vaccines"}},{"value":"Balanced Salt Solution","data":{"category":"Medicine","linkRef":"Balanced Salt ... Pneumococcal (PCV10) conjugate vaccine *mcg of pneumococcal polysaccharide serotypes 1, 5, 6B, 7F, 9V, 14 and 23F; 3 mcg of ...

https://schedule.pharmac.govt.nz/HMLOnline.php?code=A450804&edition=2022-05

New bacterial vaccines for acute respiratory infections. Indian Journal of Pediatrics. 1987 Mar-Apr; 54(2): 213-8. ...

https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/80321

The burden of vaccine-preventable invasive bacterial infections and pneumonia in children admitted to hospital in urban Nepal ... The burden of vaccine-preventable invasive bacterial infections and pneumonia in children admitted to hospital in urban Nepal ... Clinical features of bacterial meningitis among hospitalised children in Kenya * Neonatal mortality in Kenyan hospitals: a ... Examining the unit costs of COVID-19 vaccine delivery in Kenya * The role of albumin and the extracellular matrix on the ...

https://www.tropicalmedicine.ox.ac.uk/publications/118981

Leptospirosis is a bacterial disease caused by bacteria of the genus Leptospira. In humans, it can cause a wide range of ... biotech biotechnology cell therapy clinical trials COVID-19 FDA featured gene therapy Pharmaceuticals vaccines ... Now, scientists at Yale School of Public Health have designed a single-dose universal vaccine that could potentially protect ...

https://biopharmacurated.com/potential-vaccine-against-deadly-bacterial-disease/

A set of nine genes predicted an effective response to the flu vaccine in young people, no matter the strains. ... Gene behavior distinguishes viral from bacterial infections By Laura Sanders. December 23, 2015. ... FORTUNE TELLER A set of nine genes can signal whether a young adult will develop a strong response to the flu vaccine, a new ... Older people are even more diverse in how they respond to the flu vaccine than younger people, he says, so it may take a larger ...

https://www.sciencenews.org/article/if-youre-35-or-younger-your-genes-can-predict-whether-flu-vaccine-will-work

Home / Products tagged "inactivacted viral and bacterial Vaccine". inactivacted viral and bacterial Vaccine. ... Horse Anti Inflammatory Horse Leovet Horse Pain Killer Horses Inactivated Bacterial Vaccine Lambing Lambs Live viral Vaccine ... Cattle Antibiotic Cattle Fertility Cattle Handling Cattle Pain Killer Cattle Parasite Control Cattle Supplement Cattle vaccine ... Inflammatory Protective Clothing Sheep Sheep Antibiotic Sheep breeding Sheep Parasite Control Sheep Supplement Sheep Vaccine ...

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opa genes with a longer CR tract had a higher rate of PV (r(2) = 0.77, p = 0.1212). Bacterial transformation resulted in a 180- ... These findings have potential implications for development of vaccines derived from meningococcal outer membranes. ... populations and high expression of Opa among invasive strains likely indicates the importance of this protein in bacterial ... Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins, Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial, Humans, Meningococcal Infections, Nasopharynx, ...

https://www.ovg.ox.ac.uk/publications/609134

Certain vaccines can help prevent some types of bacterial meningitis: *Haemophilus vaccine (HiB vaccine) given to children ... Pneumococcal vaccine is given to children and adults.. *Meningococcal vaccine is given to children and adults; some communities ... But, bacterial meningitis infections are very serious. They may result in death or brain damage, even if treated. A lumbar ... Nath A. Meningitis: bacterial, viral, and other. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman-Cecil Medicine. 26th ed. Philadelphia ...

https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000680.htm

Oral enteric bacterial vaccines : report of a WHO scientific group [meeting held in Geneva from 2 to 8 November 1971] by WHO ... by WHO Scientific Group on Oral Enteric Bacterial Vaccines , World Health Organization. ... by WHO Scientific Group on Oral Enteric Bacterial Vaccines , World Health Organization. ... Results of search for ccl=su:{Bacterial vaccines.} and su-to:Enterobacteriaceae ...

https://kohahq.searo.who.int/cgi-bin/koha/opac-search.pl?q=ccl=su%3A%7BBacterial%20vaccines.%7D%20and%20su-to%3AEnterobacteriaceae&sort_by=relevance_dsc&count=20&limit=au:WHO%20Scientific%20Group%20on%20Oral%20Enteric%20Bacterial%20Vaccines

The role of vaccines in preventing bacterial antimicrobial resistance. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and the associated ... However, vaccines as tools to reduce AMR have historically been under-recognized in these discussions, even though their ... This review article seeks to highlight the value of vaccines as an additional modality to combat AMR globally, using select ... It also will provide perspectives on how vaccines could be more effectively used in this effort. ...

https://www.amr-insights.eu/the-role-of-vaccines-in-preventing-bacterial-antimicrobial-resistance/

The government has decided to provide booster doses of COVID vaccine in Nepal. ... Breakthrough in bacterial vaginosis treatment 1 day ago. Nepal reports 8 new COVID-19 cases ... However, the ministry has stated that it is not a booster dose but an additional vaccine for people with low immunity. People ... The government has decided to provide booster doses of COVID vaccine in Nepal. The Ministry of Health and Population (MoHP) has ...

https://nepalnews.com/s/health/government-to-give-extra-dose-of-covid-vaccine

Vaccines, Inactivated, Bacterial. Class Summary. Active immunization increases resistance to infection. Vaccines consist of ... Administer tetanus toxoid vaccine for wound prophylaxis if the vaccine history is unknown or if fewer than 3 tetanus toxoid ... This vaccine promotes active immunity to diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis by inducing the production of specific neutralizing ... Erythromycin is a bacteriostatic agent that inhibits protein synthesis by binding to the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. It ...

https://www.staging.medscape.com/answers/229594-6869/which-medications-in-the-drug-class-vaccines-inactivated-bacterial-are-used-in-the-treatment-of-tetanus

Many bacterial causes can be prevented by vaccine.. *Whooping Cough. A bacterial infection of the airway. Main symptoms are ... Vaccine may prevent the disease.. *Pneumonia. An infection of the part of the lungs that supplies oxygen to the blood. Having ...

https://www.healthychildren.org/English/tips-tools/symptom-checker/Pages/symptomviewer.aspx?symptom=Trouble+Breathing

Vaccines are available to prevent many of the common types of these infections. (cdc.gov)
IMSEAR at SEARO: New bacterial vaccines for acute respiratory infections. (who.int)
But, bacterial meningitis infections are very serious. (medlineplus.gov)
This global network demonstrated a strong correlation between PCV introduction status and reduction in the proportion of pneumococcal meningitis infections caused by vaccine serotypes . (bvsalud.org)
I agree to acknowledge Active Bacterial Core surveillance (ABCs)/Emerging Infections Programs (EIP) Network when publishing or presenting these data. (cdc.gov)
Acknowledgment for ABCs will be in the following standardized format: Active Bacterial Core surveillance (ABCs)/Emerging Infections Programs (EIP) Network. (cdc.gov)
Bacterial respiratory infections are generally more aggressive than viral. (verywellhealth.com)
Here we show that mRNA vaccines induce balanced, long-lived and protective immunity to influenza A virus infections in even very young and very old mice and that the vaccine remains protective upon thermal stress. (nextbigfuture.com)
This new release is divided into five sections that cover treatment strategies, imaging, molecular diagnosis, management of CNS infections with metal nanoparticles, and prophylaxis of CNS infections, including bacterial, viral and fungal infections. (elsevier.com)
During the #1918Flu pandemic, there weren't vaccines to prevent flu infection, antiviral drugs to treat flu illness, antibiotics to treat secondary infections, mechanical ventilators, intensive care units, or modern respiratory devices. (cdc.gov)
The meningitis vaccine protects a person against infections that can cause life threatening diseases or permanent disability. (medicalnewstoday.com)
A subsequent study involving 455 children looked at the longer-term persistence of protective antibodies up to 3 years after a booster dose with Hexacima, and another study in 1,336 children evaluated the response to different lots of the vaccine and what happened when it was given with vaccines for infections caused by the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae (Prevenar) and rotavirus (Rotarix). (europa.eu)
ReNewVax's approach is based on the rational design of vaccine candidates that will address some of the most challenging bacterial infections. (thebusinessdesk.com)
ReNewVax's ability to rapidly design and develop vaccines against the unmet need of some of the most challenging bacterial infections has the potential to make a significant impact in global healthcare. (thebusinessdesk.com)
CDC expects the possibility of additional measles infections and spread among evacuees, based on ongoing transmission and low vaccine coverage (approximately 60%) in Afghanistan, and close living quarters during the process of evacuating people to the United States. (cdc.gov)
Some cold sore medications contain an anti-bacterial to prevent secondary infections. (comixme.net)
Engineered bacterial spores can provide many useful functions such as the treatment of infections, use as an adjuvant for the delivery of vaccines, and the enzymatic degradation of environmental pollutants. (cancer.gov)
Vaccines protect against many viral and bacterial infections in pets. (casalindavets.com)
Vaccine-preventable disease control is continually strengthening in NSW with notable successes in invasive bacterial infections. (who.int)
Rifampicin, also known as Rifampin, is a medication used to treat bacterial infections in patients. (pipelinepharma.com)
Its main aim is to prevent and cure bacterial infections, as well as to treat or avoid tuberculosis. (pipelinepharma.com)
Other infections like bacterial pneumonia are quite common after measles,' Dr. Griffin adds. (medlineplus.gov)
We have analyzed the potential of DNA vaccines expressing genetically detoxified derivatives of pneumolysin (pneumolysoids) against pneumococcal infections, and compared this with immunization using recombinant protein. (ox.ac.uk)

5 years globally in the pre-pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) era ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
A suspected meningitis case was defined as the occurrence of "meningitis belt" that extends from Senegal to Ethiopia, expe- fever, neck stiffness, or other meningeal signs (e.g., headache, rienced periodic outbreaks of meningitis before introduction of altered mental status, or bulging fontanelle in an infant) in a serogroup A meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MenAfriVac) resident of northern Ghana. (cdc.gov)
The proportion of pneumococcal cases with pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) serotypes decreased as the number of countries implementing PCV increased, from 77.8% (nâ =â 273) to 47.5% (nâ =â 248). (bvsalud.org)
The incidence of invasive Hib diseases has greatly decreased because of widespread use of the Hib conjugate vaccine, while NTHi strains have become the most common cause of invasive disease in all age groups in countries with routine Hib vaccination. (medscape.com)
Dominance of serogroup B has further been compounded by numerous vaccination campaigns with polysaccharide C conjugate vaccine leading to a decline in serogroup C disease ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
Studies in AI/AN children revealed that the Hib conjugate vaccine with the capsular polysaccharide (polyribosylribitol phosphate polysaccharide [PRP]) coupled to the outer membrane protein complex of Neisseria meningitidis (OMP) induced anti-PRP IgG titers that correlated with protection (GMC ≥0.15 μg/mL) and demonstrated high efficacy after a single dose in infancy. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Kids also should get the meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MenACWY) when they're 11 or 12 years old, with a booster shot at age 16. (kidshealth.org)
The paper discusses Monteiro's so-called conjugate vaccine that yokes together proteins from pathogenic E. coli with sugars from Shigella and Campylobacter jejuni. (outbreaknewstoday.com)
The 7-valent polysaccharide conjugate vaccine currently administered against Streptococcus pneumoniae has been shown to be highly effective in high risk-groups, but its use in developing countries will probably not be possible due to high costs. (ox.ac.uk)

This vaccine is also used for the routine immunization of children against invasive diseases caused by Haemophilus influenzae type B. (medscape.com)
In 2008, WHO brought together 91 sentinel hospital sites in existing regional surveillance networks in 36 WHO member states to strengthen, standardize, and expand a global network conducting sentinel hospital surveillance for invasive bacterial vaccine-preventable diseases (IB-VPD). (cdc.gov)
In experiments with mice, the researchers, led by Eyal Raz, M.D., Professor of Medicine at UCSD's School of Medicine and Joshua Fierer, M.D., UCSD Professor of Medicine and Chief, Infectious Diseases Section, VA San Diego Healthcare System, demonstrated that a vaccine made with irradiated Listeria monocytogenes (LM) bacteria provided much better protection against disease than vaccine made from heat-killed bacteria. (ucsd.edu)
Before we can tell you about the vaccine-preventable diseases, you need to understand what is meant by a vaccine. (open.edu)
The World Health Organization ( WHO ) coordinates the Global Invasive Bacterial Vaccine -Preventable Diseases (IB-VPD) Surveillance Network to support vaccine introduction decisions and use. (bvsalud.org)
Veterinary vaccines protect animal health by controlling and preventing epizootic diseases. (biospace.com)
North America is expected to account for largest revenue share in the global market over the forecast period due to increasing prevalence of animal diseases, presence of pharmaceutical and biotechnology firms that are constantly working to standardize commercialization of veterinary vaccines and immunizations. (biospace.com)
She is an internationally recognized expert in vaccine-preventable diseases including measles, mumps, rubella, varicella, and herpes zoster. (cdc.gov)
Vaxelis is a licensed hexavalent combination vaccine that contains Hib PRP-OMP and antigens (Hepatitis B surface antigen, Diphtheria Toxoid, Tetanus Toxoid, Acellular Pertussis [DTaP], and Inactivated Polio Virus [IPV]) to protect against diseases caused by 5 other organisms. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Vaccines are the most effective way to way prevent infectious diseases ( here ), they are not used to control people via microchip. (reuters.com)
Amazingly, mRNA vaccines have never been really tested against infectious diseases," says Stitz. (nextbigfuture.com)
Vaccines that work against all flu strains could eventually be given once in childhood, like vaccines for other diseases. (nextbigfuture.com)
We think that mRNA would provide an excellent platform against viral, bacterial and fungal diseases," he says. (nextbigfuture.com)
Vaccines work by 'teaching' the immune system (the body's natural defences) how to defend itself against diseases. (europa.eu)
The effects were compared with a combination of separate vaccines designed to protect against the diseases included in Hexacima. (europa.eu)
This is a new technology: no adenovirus vector vaccines for other diseases are yet widely available, though vaccines for HIV, influenza, Ebola and malaria using this platform are in clinical trials and an Ebola vaccine has been briefly deployed. (allianceforscience.org)
Measles vaccine and oral polio vaccine have also been associated with decreased overall childhood mortality beyond the specific diseases the vaccines target. (cdc.gov)
The University of Liverpool has formed a new spin-out company, ReNewVax, to develop new technology that will radically transform the global incidence of bacterial infectious diseases. (thebusinessdesk.com)
The company's lead programme is developing a vaccine targeting a bacterium called Streptococcus pneumoniae, also commonly known as the pneumococcus, one of the primary causes of life-threatening diseases such as pneumonia, meningitis and sepsis, accounting for over 1.2 million deaths worldwide each year. (thebusinessdesk.com)
The company's pipeline also includes vaccine candidates to combat diseases caused by the bacterium Streptococcus agalactiae, a global cause of sepsis and meningitis in newborns, as well as a vaccine to Streptococcus pyogenes, the causative agent of necrotising fasciitis, commonly known as flesh-eating disease. (thebusinessdesk.com)
Vaccines are critical to the prevention and control of many communicable diseases and therefore underpin global health security. (who.int)
We aim to describe the epidemiology of selected vaccine-preventable diseases in New South Wales (NSW) for 2012. (who.int)
Case notification rates for other selected vaccine-preventable diseases remained stable. (who.int)
Data describing cases in NCIMS were extracted for selected vaccine-preventable diseases according to the date of onset, with 2012 data compared with data for recent years. (who.int)
Bacterial pneumonia and meningitis are vaccine-preventable diseases. (bvsalud.org)
They can also be used for the treatment of many of the diseases that you are vaccinating for and as a substitute for vaccines ( IF AND ONLY IF you give the drops once a week for the lifetime of the pet-that's a big IF in MY book! (naturalhealthtechniques.com)
One of the main reasons behind Dr. Griffin's work to improve vaccines is to stop potential complications that come with diseases like measles. (medlineplus.gov)

Live attenuated vaccines are among the most widely used vaccination technologies. (biopharminternational.com)
The changing trend in the etiology of bacterial meningitis points to the need to study vaccination programme modifications, such as pneumococcal vaccine for the adult population, especially high-risk groups. (who.int)
Figure 3.1 Vaccination may hurt for a moment but the BCG vaccine given to this baby will help to protect him against tuberculosis. (open.edu)
When a dead or weakened micro-organism is given in the form of a vaccine, this process is called vaccination or immunization . (open.edu)
If these genes were highly active before vaccination, an individual would generate a high level of antibodies after vaccination , no matter the flu strain in the vaccine, researchers report online August 25 in Science Immunology . (sciencenews.org)
Bactericidal activity in serum samples from the New Zealand MeNZB vaccination campaign confirmed vaccine preventability. (cdc.gov)
The recent identification of tumor Ags as potential vaccines has prompted the search for efficient adjuvants and delivery systems, especially in the case of peptide-based vaccination protocols. (aai.org)
The preferred age to have the MenB vaccine is between 16-18, but people up to 23 years can also benefit from vaccination. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Louis Pasteur generalized Jenner's idea by developing what he called a rabies vaccine (now termed an antitoxin), and in the 19th century compulsory vaccination laws were passed. (news-medical.net)
Tripedia{Registered}, ACEL-IMUNE{Registered}, and Infanrix TM are now recommended for routine vaccination of infants and young children, although whole-cell pertussis vaccines remain acceptable alternatives. (cdc.gov)
Tripedia{Registered}, ACEL-IMUNE{Registered}, and Infanrix TM are recommended for all remaining doses in the schedule for children who have started the vaccination series with one, two, three, or four doses of whole-cell pertussis vaccines. (cdc.gov)
Vaccines of this type, prepared from suspensions of inactivated Bordetella pertussis bacterial cells, have been licensed for routine vaccination of infants since the mid-1940s. (cdc.gov)
Hexacima has been studied in several countries worldwide in 12 main studies involving over 3,400 children between six weeks and two years of age who were given three doses of the vaccine during their first six months of life according to different local vaccination schedules. (europa.eu)
Reasons for this policy in the United States include low TB incidence, varying effectiveness of the vaccine against adult pulmonary TB, and potential for vaccination to cause a false positive TB skin test. (cdc.gov)
The vaccination status of the patients wasn't known (since we all know that the COVID vaccines never cause any bad effects, the physicians didn't bother to ask such irrelevant questions). (substack.com)
Our vets provide vaccination education and discuss our vaccine schedule, which helps to keep your pet healthy. (casalindavets.com)
Whereas, how intestinal microbiota are affected by vaccination remains elusive, and it is important to investigate the microbial shifts during vaccines treatment. (imrpress.com)
In the present study, we assessed the gut microbial composition in healthy adults, and performed comparison before and post an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate, BBIBP-CorV vaccination. (imrpress.com)
Alterations of the bacterial diversity and richness indexes of the fecal microbiota in exactly individuals before and after vaccination. (imrpress.com)
Significant clustering within the first week after vaccination, especially after dose 2, provides additional evidence of an association between mRNA vaccines and myocarditis/pericarditis in younger individuals," the researchers wrote, referring to earlier studies that have shown a small increased risk. (umn.edu)
In this interim analysis of surveillance data from 6.2 million people who received 11.8 million doses of an mRNA vaccine, event rates for 23 serious health outcomes weren't significantly higher for individuals one to 21 days after vaccination compared with similar individuals at 22 to 42 days after vaccination," the researchers wrote. (umn.edu)
The use of conserved protein antigens using the genetic vaccination strategy is an interesting alternative for the development of a cost-effective vaccine. (ox.ac.uk)

The inactivation, or attenuation, of pathogens has been a strategy for vaccine development since Louis Pasteur first attempted vaccinations nearly 150 years ago. (ucsd.edu)
To date, vaccines based on three different technologies are registered for human use: (1) whole inactivated vaccines containing entire killed bacteria or viruses, (2) subunit vaccines, containing only the relevant antigens of the pathogens in a highly purified form, and (3) live attenuated vaccines. (biopharminternational.com)
More vaccines must be developed to tackle antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacterial pathogens, and countries must make better use of the ones currently available, the WHO said in this report. (org.in)
The analyses focuses on vaccine candidates in development against pathogens in the WHO Bacterial Priority Pathogens list, Clostridioides difficile and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. (org.in)
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and the associated morbidity and mortality due to bacterial pathogens have been increasing globally to alarming levels. (amr-insights.eu)
This multitier, global surveillance network has supported countries in detecting and serotyping the 3 principal invasive bacterial pathogens that cause pediatric meningitis . (bvsalud.org)
An extensive collection of isolates for some bacterial pathogens are available through the Active Bacterial Core surveillance (ABCs) Isolate Bank. (cdc.gov)
The antibacterial activity of Withania somnifera was tested on clinically isolated bacterial pathogens, i.e. (scialert.net)
Prof. Mario Monteiro says his novel three-in-one approach to developing a new vaccine could also save lives in developing countries, where it's estimated that these three common pathogens kill more than 100,000 children under age five each year. (outbreaknewstoday.com)
In tests with mice, the vaccine provided immunity against all three pathogens. (outbreaknewstoday.com)
No licensed vaccines exist against any of these pathogens. (outbreaknewstoday.com)
While Viruses can be kept in check by vaccinations, Bacterial pathogens have to be treated using some antibiotics. (chandransgroup.com)

Mice were immunized with H1N1/A/California/7/2009 subunit vaccines, formulated with different adjuvants inducing either T-helper type 1 (Th1) (MF59 plus CpG)-, Th1/2 (MF59)-, or Th17 (LTK63)-prone immune responses and were sequentially challenged with mouse-adapted influenza virus H1N1/A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 and Staphylococcus aureus USA300, a clonotype emerging as a leading contributor in postinfluenza pneumonia in humans. (nih.gov)
A Facebook video filmed live on Dec. 1 and viewed over 6,000 times shows the speaker alleging that the coronavirus pandemic is a scam, that pneumonia is not linked to COVID-19 and that a vaccine against the novel coronavirus will deliver a microchip to the recipient. (reuters.com)
Bacterial pneumonia and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have a dangerous cause-and-effect relationship. (verywellhealth.com)
The progressive lung deterioration of COPD can increase your vulnerability to a bacterial lung infection, while a bout of bacterial pneumonia can induce rapid and often irreversible progression of your COPD. (verywellhealth.com)
If you have COPD, it's important that you take steps to avoid bacterial pneumonia infection and learn to recognize its earliest signs. (verywellhealth.com)
Symptoms of bacterial pneumonia are not unlike those of any other type of pneumonia . (verywellhealth.com)
With that being said, bacterial pneumonia tends to be more severe than its viral cousin, especially within the context of COPD. (verywellhealth.com)
Bacterial pneumonia can rapidly worsen. (verywellhealth.com)
Bacterial pneumonia occurs when a contagious bacteria-most commonly, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenza- finds its way into the lungs. (verywellhealth.com)
The diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia typically starts with a review of your symptoms. (verywellhealth.com)
Your medical team will want to distinguish between bacterial pneumonia and COPD flare-ups because these conditions are treated differently. (verywellhealth.com)
In cases of severe pneumonia and ARDS, can there be a bacterial co-infection, such as bordatella pertussis, that has been vaccinated in childhood but whose antibody titer has declined over the years? (ejmo.org)

Vaccines 10.7 (2022): 1119. (creative-proteomics.com)
From acne and beta-lactam antibiotics to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and vaccine hesitancy, the 2022 edition of PNCB's bestselling annual pharmacology module offers a wide variety of content to keep you updated. (pncb.org)
A Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) review of the evidence for benefits and harms for Moderna coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine for persons aged 12-17 years was presented to the Advisory Committee for Immunization Practices (ACIP) on June 23, 2022. (bvsalud.org)

Our studies should help us better understand how differential immunity to influenza skews immune responses toward coinfecting bacteria and discover novel modes to prevent bacterial superinfections in the lungs of persons with influenza. (nih.gov)
Their findings, published in the July 26 issue of the journal Immunity , could result in more potent vaccines that are relatively inexpensive to produce, easy to store, and that can be transported without refrigeration. (ucsd.edu)
Vaccines are given to susceptible persons, particularly children, so that they can develop immunity against the infectious agent (Figure 3.1). (open.edu)
However, t he ministry has stated that it is not a booster dose but an additional vaccine for people with low immunity. (nepalnews.com)
A true universal vaccine for flu, however, would induce immunity to proteins that are the same in all flu viruses, but which flu normally hides from the immune system. (nextbigfuture.com)
How is the BCG vaccine involved in trained immunity? (cdc.gov)
However, only secreted bacterial proteins serve as protective antigens for CTL- mediated immunity. (usda.gov)
Exosomes also have specific receptors that internalize viral components, suggesting that exosomes are vaccine candidates that induce antiviral immunity. (creative-proteomics.com)
All dogs are susceptible and have no naturally acquired or vaccine- induced immunity. (naturalhealthtechniques.com)
Dr. Griffin cautions that while immunity can lessen over time in vaccines like MMR, it's still high enough to protect most people for life. (medlineplus.gov)
Once they identify those genes, they can work to improve antibody production by the vaccine to provide similar lifelong immunity. (medlineplus.gov)
As Dr. Griffin works to improve future vaccine immunity, she says that current vaccines are essential for staying healthy and keeping others healthy. (medlineplus.gov)

Bacterial meningitis is a severe, acute infection of the fluid number of reported cases increased. (cdc.gov)
Most preclinical studies assess vaccine effectiveness in single-pathogen infection models. (nih.gov)
Accordingly, complications from secondary bacterial infection are a leading cause of influenza-associated morbidity and mortality. (nih.gov)
We compared different anti-influenza vaccines for their protective potential in a model of viral infection with bacterial superinfection. (nih.gov)
Unadjuvanted vaccine controlled single viral infection, yet mice had considerable morbidity from viral disease and bacterial superinfection. (nih.gov)
This transient infection elicits immune responses, while the vaccine strains are designed in such a way that they will not cause the symptoms of natural infection by the wildtype pathogen. (biopharminternational.com)
A bacterial infection of the airway. (healthychildren.org)
It's usually caused by a bacterial infection. (reuters.com)
Immunosuppressants also increase risk of infection with concomitant live vaccines. (medscape.com)
How can a live attenuated bacterial vaccine protect against viral infection? (cdc.gov)
Epigenetic changes associated with BCG vaccine may be important for "training" immune cells and producing its observed protective effects against infection. (cdc.gov)
BCG vaccine is not the only vaccine shown to have nonspecific protective effects against infection. (cdc.gov)
Test a Quantitative Difference model which stipulates that CTL responses to non-secreted bacterial antigens are too weak and/or too late to prevent the progression of LM infection. (usda.gov)
In some cases of bacterial meningitis, the bacteria spread to the meninges from a severe head trauma or a severe local infection, such as a serious ear infection (otitis media) or nasal sinus infection ( sinusitis ). (kidshealth.org)
According to my neurologist, the most likely cause is the vaccine, but masks could also be implicated (sinus infection that goes to the brain). (substack.com)
The vaccine weakens your immune system, the masking and/or swabs can initiate the infection, and perfect storm time… you get the result we see today. (substack.com)
In the lab, we saw in increase of unusual organisms on sinus infection and throat infection cultures pre-vaccine. (substack.com)
Could there be an Overlooked Bacterial Co-Infection? (ejmo.org)
Could childhood vaccines be the reason for a milder infection in children? (ejmo.org)
The nasal discharge likely represents a secondary bacterial infection that quickly resolves with treatment with a broad-spectrum, bactericidal antibiotic. (naturalhealthtechniques.com)
Until such time as a vaccine is developed, a strong immune system will be your dog's best defense against infection. (naturalhealthtechniques.com)
Morgan: Our labs came back negative, but Finn's fatigue and left-leg weakness suggests a viral or bacterial infection. (subslikescript.com)
The Centers for Disease Control reports an ongoing outbreak of bacterial meningitis (infection around the spinal cord and brain) due to neisseria meningitidis. (gstpediatrics.org)
Current vaccines for this bacteria effectively prevent infection and are routinely administered at eleven to twelve years of age with a "booster" dose at sixteen years of age. (gstpediatrics.org)

Using gamma radiation to inactivate bacteria for the preparation of vaccines, instead of traditional heat or chemical methods of inactivation, appears to create a vaccine that is more effective than so-called "killed" vaccines against disease, and has the added advantage of a longer storage life than "live" vaccines, according to researchers at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD) School of Medicine. (ucsd.edu)
To test the irradiated LM, mice were vaccinated with either heat-killed or irradiated vaccine, and then given lethal doses of LM bacteria. (ucsd.edu)
Vaccines are designed to stimulate the immune system to protect against micro-organisms such as viruses or bacteria, by introducing a small amount of the virus or bacteria into the body. (ucsd.edu)
The researchers speculate that heat-killed bacteria may target an entirely different pathway, because the bacterial molecules that engage these surface cell receptors have been destroyed. (ucsd.edu)
As its name suggests, bacteria like Haemophilus influenzae (type B), Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pneumococcus), and Neisseria meningitidis (Meningococcus) cause bacterial meningitis. (pfizer.com)
Attenuated vaccines consist of bacterial or viral strains, which are weakened by stable mutations that allow the bacteria or viruses to infect humans only transiently. (biopharminternational.com)
Vaccines are medical products prepared from whole or parts of bacteria, viruses, or the toxins (poisonous substances) that some bacteria produce. (open.edu)
Leptospirosis is a bacterial disease caused by bacteria of the genus Leptospira. (biopharmacurated.com)
Now, scientists at Yale School of Public Health have designed a single-dose universal vaccine that could potentially protect against the many forms of leptospirosis bacteria. (biopharmacurated.com)
Doxycycline inhibits protein synthesis and thus bacterial growth by binding to 30S and possibly 50S ribosomal subunits of susceptible bacteria. (medscape.com)
Some bacteria are used to make medicines and vaccines. (kidshealth.org)
The meningococcal vaccine, also called the meningitis vaccine, protects against the Neisseria meningitides bacteria. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Hexacima is a vaccine containing active substances derived from diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis and Haemophilus influenzae type b bacteria , the hepatitis B virus, and inactivated polioviruses. (europa.eu)
When a child is given the vaccine, the immune system recognises the parts of the bacteria and viruses as 'foreign' and makes antibodies against them. (europa.eu)
Elucidation of the underlying mechanisms will have important implications in our understanding of immune surveillance of intracellular bacteria, for designing effective vaccines that will induce a potent response, and for selecting candidate antigens that can serve as protective targets. (usda.gov)
Many different types of bacteria can cause bacterial meningitis. (kidshealth.org)
Suspensions of attenuated or killed bacteria administered for the prevention or treatment of infectious bacterial disease. (bvsalud.org)
A new monoclonal antibody has been discovered which disassociates bacterial biofilms and stops bacteria from entering into circulation has been tested in mice. (drugtargetreview.com)

Another collaboration Merck is involved in uses an attenuated live measles vaccine. (allianceforscience.org)
Between 2010 and 2018, 23 million deaths were averted with measles vaccine alone (1) . (who.int)
In a study conducted in 2008, the measles vaccine has been shown to provide neutralizing antibodies against SARS CoV (5). (ejmo.org)

This vaccine contains capsular polysaccharide antigens (groups A, C, Y, and W-135) of Neisseria meningitidis . (medscape.com)
Irradiation is a technically simple process that retains structural features of the bacterial pathogen without destroying the natural antigens or the intrinsic adjuvants. (ucsd.edu)
Despite substantial progress in the development of vaccines based on membrane-associated antigens ( 5 , 6 ), a universal vaccine against meningococci has yet to be licensed. (cdc.gov)
This vaccine format elicits B and T cell-dependent protection and targets multiple antigens, including the highly conserved viral nucleoprotein, indicating its usefulness as a cross-protective vaccine. (nextbigfuture.com)
The investigators have developed a genetic system for constructing recombinant LM (rLM) expressing foreign antigens, molecular tools for manipulating bacterial antigens and the pathogenic process, and a murine model for characterizing immune responses induced by the rLM strains. (usda.gov)
Examine the kinetics of activating naive and memory CD8 T cells by secreted vs. non-secreted bacterial antigens. (usda.gov)

Three attenuated live bacterial vaccine (LBV) strains are currently licensed for human use: Mycobacterium bovis strain Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG), Salmonella typhi Ty21a, and Vibrio cholerae CVD 103-HgR. (biopharminternational.com)
The presence of Opa PV in meningococcal populations and high expression of Opa among invasive strains likely indicates the importance of this protein in bacterial colonization in the human nasopharynx. (ox.ac.uk)
With New Strains Emerging at an Alarming Rate, Focus Shifts to Booster Doses & Vaccine Tweaking. (yahoo.com)
Influenza vaccines based on mRNA may offer a solution as sequence-matched, clinical-grade material could be produced reliably and rapidly in a scalable process, allowing quick response to the emergence of pandemic strains. (nextbigfuture.com)
His team used CureVac's process to make durable mRNA vaccines for common human flu strains, as well as H5N1 bird flu. (nextbigfuture.com)
The 20th century dream of eradicating the global scourge of tuberculosis (TB) evaporated with the failure of the old BCG vaccine to protect the populations at greatest risk, low compliance at following the complicated and lengthy treatment in countries with limited resources, which was followed by the spread of multiple-drug resistant (MDR) strains. (intechopen.com)
Currently there are no vaccines for the other strains of Hi. (cdc.gov)
in Hib disease to almost zero, vaccine pressure may have contributed to disease replacement by other Hi strains. (cdc.gov)
Multi- drug resistance is a world-wide problem, attributed to the extensive use of antibiotics, selection pressure on bacterial strains and lack of new drugs, vaccines and diagnostic aids. (scialert.net)
There are now vaccines to protect against malaria, dengue and Ebola virus disease, and promising vaccines against respiratory syncytial virus, tuberculosis and all influenza virus strains are in the pipeline. (who.int)
The new facility has been designed to support the necessary manufacturing requirements for BiomX's future clinical development, including the manufacturing of BX002, a drug candidate phage cocktail designed to target bacterial strains that potentially have a role in the onset and aggravation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). (pharmtech.com)

The government has decided to provide booster doses of COVID vaccine in Nepal. (nepalnews.com)
Discussing the vaccine for COVID-19, the man tells the camera: "It's like a chip basically to control us and that's round the corner, that's what's going to be in the vaccine, they're going to chip us" (19:15). (reuters.com)
There are many different COVID-19 vaccines in final stage trials across the world, including those produced by AstraZeneca and Pfizer ( here ). (reuters.com)
Annual Doses of COVID-19 Vaccines estimated at US$255 Million in the year 2020, is projected to reach US$60.7 Billion by 2025. (yahoo.com)
What are the Top 5 most promising COVID-19 vaccine candidates? (allianceforscience.org)
More than 160 vaccine efforts are currently underway in the global push to stop the COVID-19 pandemic, according to the World Health Organization. (allianceforscience.org)
On 11 August the story broke that Russia is claiming to have a fully developed COVID vaccine. (allianceforscience.org)
These engineered adenoviruses, when put into a vaccine, trigger an immune response in the human body, protecting against COVID-19. (allianceforscience.org)
Adenoviruses are not the only viral vectors that can be used: pharmaceutical giant Merck says it is working on a potential COVID vaccine using an engineered vesicular stomatis virus , previously used successfully in its Ebola vaccine. (allianceforscience.org)
An early observation that countries where the BCG vaccine is frequently used reported lower numbers of COVID-19 cases compared with other countries sparked interest in the hypothesis that BCG vaccine has protective effects against COVID-19. (cdc.gov)
In response to the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) worldwide, inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines are implemented. (imrpress.com)
mRNA COVID-19 vaccines were not associated with significantly higher rates of 23 serious adverse events 1 to 21 days after receiving one or two doses than after 22 to 42 days, finds an interim analysis of surveillance safety data involving millions of people today in JAMA . (umn.edu)
Of 6.2 million participants, 57% received the Pfizer/BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine, and the remainder received Moderna. (umn.edu)
Massive efforts quickly got underway to understand its sensitivity to existing covid vaccines and figure out just how infectious and lethal it was. (technologyreview.com)
The Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 (BNT162b2) vaccine is a lipid nanoparticle-formulated, nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccine encoding the prefusion spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. (bvsalud.org)

Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most common bacterial pathogen detected globally despite the growing number of countries that have nationally introduced PCV. (bvsalud.org)
DNA vaccines based on genetically detoxified derivatives of pneumolysin fail to protect mice against challenge with Streptococcus pneumoniae. (ox.ac.uk)

The objectives of the network were to 1) collect data to describe the epidemiology and estimate the burden of IB-VPD, 2) establish a surveillance platform to measure impact after introduction of Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine or PCV, and 3) detect and characterize the circulating bacterial types. (cdc.gov)
Haemophilus vaccine ( HiB vaccine ) given to children helps. (medlineplus.gov)
The main goal of this study is to compare the Haemophilus influenzae type b antibody response in American Indian / Alaska Native (AI/AN) infants to two licensed vaccines: Vaxelis and PedvaxHIB. (clinicaltrials.gov)
There were no Haemophilus influenzae type b case notifications in children less than five years of age for the first time since the vaccine was introduced. (who.int)

Intravenous (IV) antibiotics are required for bacterial meningitis. (medscape.com)
Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial meningitis. (medlineplus.gov)
If bacterial meningitis is diagnosed - or even suspected - doctors will start intravenous (IV) antibiotics as soon as possible. (kidshealth.org)

Immunization with attenuated live micro-organisms promotes a strong immune response, but there are safety, storage and transportation issues with these live vaccines. (ucsd.edu)
In June 2019, the CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) passed a resolution supporting inclusion of Vaxelis in the Vaccines For Children Program for the general U.S. population. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Innovative ways are being found to distribute and administer vaccines and to improve immunization services. (who.int)
Digital tools, new, needle-free techniques for vaccine administration and more robust vaccine storage and supply chains promise to transform immunization programmes1 over the next decade. (who.int)
The objectives of vaccine-preventable disease surveillance in NSW are, at an individual level, to identify events that may require immediate public health control measures and, at a population level, to identify risk factors such as age and geographic location that inform better targeted immunization efforts. (who.int)
Immunization with DNA vaccines expressing pneumolysoids, on the other hand, induced a significantly lower antibody response and no protection was observed. (ox.ac.uk)

This retrospective analysis of reported cases of meningitis in Bahrain aimed to assess the trend in the incidence of bacterial meningitis from 1990 to 2013, before and after the introduction of new vaccines. (who.int)
The incidence of meningitis due to H. influenzae and N. meningitidis showed a marked reduction after the introduction of the corresponding vaccines in 1998 and 2001 respectively, and S. pneumoniae became the predominant organism after Mycobacterium tuberculosis. (who.int)
In the pre-vaccine era, the incidence of Hib disease peaked earlier for AI/AN children at 4-5 months than general US children at 6-9 months. (clinicaltrials.gov)
The importance of PRP-OMP vaccine to disease control was highlighted in the 1990s in Alaska when use of a non-PRP OMP Hib vaccine was associated with an increase in disease incidence in AN children. (clinicaltrials.gov)
The introduction of a rubella vaccine in 1969 has greatly reduced the incidence of congenital rubella syndrome in the developed world. (news-medical.net)
The incidence of reported pertussis disease declined substantially as use of whole-cell DTP vaccines became widespread. (cdc.gov)
This vaccine is one of the most used vaccines in the world today, commonly given as part of childhood vaccine programs in developing countries and countries with high TB incidence. (cdc.gov)
In the pre-vaccine era, Hib incidence rates were more than 20 per 100,000 children less than 5 years of age. (cdc.gov)
The incidence of probable bacterial [email protected] meningitis was 0.14 cases/100 hospitalized patients. (bvsalud.org)
The incidence of anaphylaxis (severe allergic reaction) was 4.8 per million doses of the Pfizer vaccine and 5.1 per million for Moderna. (umn.edu)

Annual number of cases of culture-positive bacterial meningitis in children, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi, 1997-2009. (cdc.gov)
Before the vaccine was introduced, Hib was the leading cause of bacterial meningitis in children less than 5 years of age in the United States. (cdc.gov)
Hib was once the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in children aged ≤5 years in the United States. (cdc.gov)

Clinicians should also recommend the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine for unvaccinated patients. (cdc.gov)
The measles mumps rubella (MMR) vaccine is one of the most effective around. (medlineplus.gov)

Before the arrival of the vaccine, pertussis infected an average of 200,000 people a year in the United States alone. (news-medical.net)
Concerns about the safety of whole-cell pertussis vaccines prompted development of acellular vaccines that are less likely to provoke adverse events because they contain purified antigenic components of Bordetella pertussis. (cdc.gov)
Two diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccines -- ACEL-IMUNE{Registered} * and Tripedia{Registered} ** -- have been licensed for several years, but (until recently) only for administration of the fourth and fifth doses in the series to children aged 15 months-6 years who previously had received three or more doses of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and whole-cell pertussis (DTP) vaccine. (cdc.gov)
Published reports indicate that, when administered to infants aged 2, 4, and 6 months, acellular pertussis vaccines are effective in preventing pertussis disease and associated with fewer local, systemic, and certain more serious adverse events than whole-cell pertussis vaccines. (cdc.gov)
Four diphtheria and tetanus toxoids combined with whole-cell pertussis (DTP) vaccines are presently licensed for use in the United States. (cdc.gov)
Based on controlled efficacy trials conducted in the 1940s and on subsequent observational efficacy studies, a primary series comprising four doses of whole-cell DTP vaccine is considered 70%-90% effective in preventing serious pertussis disease (1-4). (cdc.gov)
Experts disagree on whether whole-cell pertussis vaccine causes lasting brain damage, but agree that if the vaccine causes such damage it does so only rarely (7). (cdc.gov)
Concerns about safety prompted the development of more purified (acellular) pertussis vaccines that are associated with a lower frequency of adverse events and are effective in preventing pertussis disease. (cdc.gov)

These findings have potential implications for development of vaccines derived from meningococcal outer membranes. (ox.ac.uk)
However, growing popularity of vegan food, lack of animal health awareness and high investments required on development of vaccines are factors expected to restrain veterinary vaccines market over the forecast period. (biospace.com)
With the development of vaccines against polio, the rates have gone down by more than 99 percent. (news-medical.net)

A third DTaP vaccine (Infanrix TM) *** was licensed in January 1997 for the initial four doses of the series. (cdc.gov)
More severe systemic events (e.g., convulsions {with or without fever} and hypotonic hyporesponsive episodes) occur less frequently (ratio of one case to 1,750 doses administered) among children who receive whole-cell DTP vaccine (5). (cdc.gov)
This is a proven platform, which was used to produce thousands of doses of company's Ebola vaccine deployed in the Congo in November 2019. (allianceforscience.org)
Johnson & Johnson, while it has the corporate muscle to produce vaccine doses in large quantities, doesn't expect to start Phase 1 trials until September, which it says could possibly "allow vaccine availability for emergency use in early 2021. (allianceforscience.org)
Outcomes were monitored for 1 to 21 days (risk interval) after receipt of one or two vaccine doses and compared with those of a similar group of participants 22 to 42 days postvaccination with one or two doses (comparison interval). (umn.edu)
The highest estimates of excess cases per million vaccine doses were 7.5 for venous thromboembolism and 1.2 for heart attack. (umn.edu)

The Hib , measles, mumps, polio , and pneumococcal vaccines can protect against meningitis caused by those germs. (kidshealth.org)
Learn about hepatitis A prophylaxis for infants, barriers to adolescent vaccine adherence, and guidance for patients receiving polio vaccines outside the US. (pncb.org)

This vaccine contains capsular polysaccharides of 23 pneumococcal types that together account for 98% of pneumococcal disease isolates. (medscape.com)
If a vaccine is injected into a person, or given orally by drops into the mouth, it should not cause the disease it is meant to prevent, even though it contains material from the infectious agent. (open.edu)
However, vaccines as tools to reduce AMR have historically been under-recognized in these discussions, even though their effectiveness in reducing disease and AMR is well documented. (amr-insights.eu)
Vaccine may prevent the disease. (healthychildren.org)
The Global Landscape of Pediatric Bacterial Meningitis Data Reported to the World Health Organization-Coordinated Invasive Bacterial Vaccine-Preventable Disease Surveillance Network, 2014-2019. (bvsalud.org)
Therefore, prevention efforts for AI/AN populations focused on identifying a vaccine that would protect against disease in early infancy. (clinicaltrials.gov)
In spite of Hib vaccine coverage similar to or greater than the national average, AI/AN populations periodically experience pediatric cases of invasive Hib disease. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Typically imprinting of the immune system by a pathogen or a vaccine generates mature memory cells that protect against a disease and provide long-term effectiveness. (fda.gov)
New Scientist - In a first for any infectious disease, a vaccine against flu has been made out of messenger RNA (mRNA) - the genetic material that controls the production of proteins. (nextbigfuture.com)
According to the National Meningitis Association (NMA) , around 600-1,000 in the United States people contract meningococcal disease, which is a type of bacterial meningitis , each year, and 10-15% of these people die as a result. (medicalnewstoday.com)
According to the NMA, the number of people with meningococcal disease has dropped significantly over the years because more people have had meningitis vaccines. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Similarly, pregnant or breastfeeding people at an increased risk of having meningococcal disease may get these vaccines. (medicalnewstoday.com)
However, everyone at higher risk of contracting meningococcal disease should get the vaccine. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Vaccines have been found to be the most successful and cost effective public health measures that prevent disease and save lives. (news-medical.net)
As such, vaccines are the best way to prevent the transmission and onset of pneumococcal disease. (thebusinessdesk.com)
People are probably most familiar with Hi serotype b, or Hib, because there is a vaccine to help protect against disease caused by Hib. (cdc.gov)
Currently, there is no vaccine to protect against non-typeable or any other non-b Hi disease. (cdc.gov)
1 On receipt of a case notification, a public health unit surveillance officer determines whether or not the case notification meets the definition of a case of vaccine-preventable disease according to national criteria 2 and if so enters data gathered on each case into the NSW Notifiable Conditions Information Management System (NCIMS). (who.int)
We are committed to exerting the potential of exosomes as an important candidate for infectious disease vaccine and cancer vaccine development and hope to meet our customers' specific requirements for projects at the preclinical stages. (creative-proteomics.com)
Similarly, the Bordatella vaccines supply some help for this particular disease. (naturalhealthtechniques.com)

The World Health Organization's (WHO) "An analysis of bacterial vaccines in preclinical and clinical development: 2021" is the first WHO analyses and report of vaccine candidates in preclinical and clinical development in 2021, in the context of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). (org.in)
This vaccine was made available for routine use in the U.S. in 2021. (clinicaltrials.gov)
11/05/2021 bacterial meningitis according to PAHO's definitions. (bvsalud.org)
In this study we described the epidemiological data on Bacterial meningitis in under-five children at Gondar University Hospital from 2012-2021. (bvsalud.org)
Results: In this study, a total of 4311 under-five admitted with suspected bacterial meningitis from 2012 to 2021 were enrolled. (bvsalud.org)
Researchers from Kaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Center led the study, which consisted of analyzing vaccine surveillance data from the Vaccine Safety Datalink (VSD) on 6.2 million vaccinated members of eight US health plans from Dec 14, 2020, to Jun 26, 2021. (umn.edu)

These findings could result in the mass production of more affordable, more effective vaccines for resource-poor regions where vaccines are most needed. (ucsd.edu)
In addition, increase in R&D investments on development of effective vaccines, expanding veterinary clinics, advancement in diagnostic services and rapid adoption of pets in developed and developing countries are some factors expected to contribute veterinary vaccines market revenue growth over the forecast period. (biospace.com)

These studies will directly test a long standing hypothesis that secreted proteins are recognized by the immune system before non-secreted ones, and thus are more relevant vaccine targets. (usda.gov)
I suspect that the human Bacterial and Viral Immune System Stimulator homeopathic drops will work quite well. (naturalhealthtechniques.com)
I take my own herbal Immune Stimulation Formula, Viral and/or Bacterial Immune System Stimulator Drops, and I take care of my adrenal glands with Drenamin, which is a protomorphogen/glandular . (naturalhealthtechniques.com)

Thus, the recombinant bacterial protein P40 functions as a potent immunological adjuvant for specific CTL induction. (aai.org)

Kalu, SU & Chonmaitree, T 2009, ' Health and economic benefits of bacterial vaccines in the prevention of otitis media ', Pediatric Health , vol. 3, no. 5, pp. 435-438. (utmb.edu)
For the latest information about the current monkeypox outbreak, including information on symptoms, prevention, and vaccines, please visit CDC's Monkeypox site . (cdc.gov)

ABSTRACT - Despite substantial improvements, influenza vaccine production-and availability-remain suboptimal. (nextbigfuture.com)
In ferrets and pigs, mRNA vaccines induce immunological correlates of protection and protective effects similar to those of a licensed influenza vaccine in pigs. (nextbigfuture.com)
Thus, mRNA vaccines could address substantial medical need in the area of influenza prophylaxis and the broader realm of anti-infective vaccinology. (nextbigfuture.com)

Fosfomycin may impair the effectiveness of live bacterial vaccinations (such as typhoid vaccine). (dawaai.pk)

All under-five children with suspected meningitis over the 10-years period were included and descriptive statistics like frequency, percentage, mean, median and standard deviations were used for the characteristics of under-five Children with Suspected Bacterial Meningitis. (bvsalud.org)

3 Different types of bacterial meningitis are more likely to affect different age groups, but newborns, babies and young children have the highest risk. (pfizer.com)

This article discusses specific requirements to be fulfilled for three attenuated live bacterial vaccines (LBVs) including Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccine against tuberculosis, Salmonella typhi Ty21a vaccine against typhoid fever, and Vibrio cholerae CVD 103-HgR vaccine against cholera. (biopharminternational.com)
M. bovis BCG is the vaccine strain in the parenteral vaccine against human tuberculosis, S. typhi Ty21a represents the only oral vaccine against typhoid fever, and Vibrio cholerae CVD 103-HgR is the orally administered live vaccine against cholera (Table 1). (biopharminternational.com)
L'incidence des méningites dues à H. influenzae et N. meningitidis a marqué une nette réduction après l'introduction des vaccins correspondants en 1998 et 2001 respectivement, et S. pneumoniae est devenu l'organisme prédominant après Mycobacterium tuberculosis. (who.int)

Ceftriaxone arrests bacterial growth by binding to 1 or more penicillin-binding proteins. (medscape.com)
The vaccine circulates in the body and stimulates white blood cells called lymphocytes to begin producing special defensive proteins known as antibodies . (open.edu)
Phase variation of Opa proteins of Neisseria meningitidis and the effects of bacterial transformation. (ox.ac.uk)
Penicillin G is a bactericidal antibiotic that binds to and inhibits penicillin-binding proteins, which are transpeptidases that cross-link peptidoglycans, the final step in bacterial cell wall synthesis. (medscape.com)
Similar vaccines have been made of DNA that codes for flu proteins. (nextbigfuture.com)
Vaccines made only of the proteins do not elicit this type of response. (nextbigfuture.com)
The BCG vaccine has been shown to increase methylation of one of the histone proteins, resulting in increased cytokine production in certain immune cells. (cdc.gov)
By manipulating antigen secretion, they have shown that both secreted and non-secreted bacterial proteins efficiently prime CD8 T cells. (usda.gov)
Potential functional profiles of gut microbiome in amino acid metabolism, lipid biosynthesis proteins and steroid biosynthesis were remarkably increased, while the capacity in renin-angiotensin system was remarkably decreased following vaccines. (imrpress.com)

Background - Despite demonstrated effectiveness in real-world settings, concerns persist regarding the safety of the quadrivalent human papillomavirus (HPV4) vaccine. (ices.on.ca)
TNFSF14 can act as an immune adjuvant and enhance the immunogenicity of the human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA vaccine when the host is infected with HPV. (bvsalud.org)

To provide guidance for improvement and standardization of the global network, WHO established both an informal technical advisory group of experts for new vaccines surveillance and a laboratory technical working group. (cdc.gov)
The review cited progress made while highlighting challenges of conducting IB-VPD surveillance such as low bacterial isolation rates. (cdc.gov)
CDC has published criteria to use for surveillance case definition and classification for smallpox vaccine (vaccinia) adverse reactions. (cdc.gov)
Surveillance on Pediatric Bacterial Meningitis has been set up by the World Health Organization to generate data on vaccine preventable causes of Meningitis in under-five children. (bvsalud.org)
In this current surveillance, neither the primary analyses nor those with unvaccinated comparators found evidence of an association between Bell palsy and mRNA vaccines, a finding that is consistent with a recent analysis of cases reported to the World Health Organization database," the study authors wrote. (umn.edu)
Safety surveillance is important, the researchers noted, because rare or severe outcomes may go unnoticed in phase 3 trials because of limited sample size, restrictive inclusion criteria, short follow-up, and trial participants who may be different from people who will ultimately receive the vaccine. (umn.edu)

Special characteristics for these vaccines comprise the appropriate level of attenuation, the balance between safety and immunogenicity, the genetic stability of the organisms combined with environmental risk assessment, the challenge of old-fashioned upstream and downstream methods in combination with quality control of the final product, and the release requirements. (biopharminternational.com)
Unfortunately, the serogroup B polysaccharide is an unsuitable vaccine antigen because of poor immunogenicity. (cdc.gov)
However, immunogenicity post-dose 1 was not measured in the phase 3 clinical trials of this vaccine. (clinicaltrials.gov)
A preferential recommendation for use of this vaccine in AI/AN children was not given because post-dose 1 immunogenicity data were not available. (clinicaltrials.gov)

Diphtheria was once a dreaded bacterial illness. (news-medical.net)

The vaccine provides better effectiveness against childhood TB than against adult pulmonary TB. (cdc.gov)

Guidelines suggest that all children receive the MenACWY vaccine at 11-12 and the booster at 16. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Specifically, they may receive the MenACWY vaccine between 2 months and 10 years old and the MenB vaccine for children 10 years and older. (medicalnewstoday.com)

Do not administer live vaccines 30 days before or concurrently with belimumab. (medscape.com)

New research on broadly neutralizing antibodies and therapeutic vaccines is opening fresh horizons. (who.int)

It binds to 50S bacterial-ribosomal subunits and inhibits bacterial growth by inhibiting protein synthesis. (medscape.com)
Erythromycin is a bacteriostatic agent that inhibits protein synthesis by binding to the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. (medscape.com)
Stitz's team made an mRNA vaccine to one such protein from an ordinary seasonal flu. (nextbigfuture.com)
Monteiro said further research is needed to determine the optimum amounts of protein and sugars in the vaccine and to make the vaccine more efficient. (outbreaknewstoday.com)

The first vaccine developed was against smallpox by Edward Jenner, English "country" physician, in Berkeley. (news-medical.net)
The smallpox vaccine is generally safe and effective, but some people do experience side effects and adverse reactions. (cdc.gov)

According to Emergen Research, the global veterinary vaccines market size was USD 7.73 Billion in 2019 and is expected to reach USD 12.75 Billion by 2027 and register a revenue CAGR of 6.9% during the forecast period, 2020-2027. (biospace.com)

It has an mRNA vaccine against prostate and lung cancer tumours in human trials. (nextbigfuture.com)
Meanwhile, Stitz is also working on an mRNA vaccine for rabies. (nextbigfuture.com)

The quality and safety requirements are even higher for live attenuated vaccines than for the killed and subunit vaccines. (biopharminternational.com)

adalimumab decreases effects of meningococcal A C Y and W-135 polysaccharide vaccine combined by pharmacodynamic antagonism. (medscape.com)
alefacept decreases effects of meningococcal A C Y and W-135 polysaccharide vaccine combined by pharmacodynamic antagonism. (medscape.com)

The analysis highlights 61 vaccine candidates in various stages of clinical development, and 94 candidates in the preclinical development. (org.in)

Among the 277 children who died with confirmed bacterial meningitis , 189 (68.2%) had confirmed S. pneumoniae. (bvsalud.org)
This might be related to the emergence of non-vaccine S. pneumoniae serotypes after PCV7 introduction although it is suggested that evolutionary factors may have modified the virulence and the interactions of pneumococci. (elsevier.es)

The company's platform has the potential to produce safe, easy-to-manufacture and affordable next generation vaccines for global use. (thebusinessdesk.com)

and then with a focus on the last two years, and then updating you on MMR vaccine recommendations and clinical guidance. (cdc.gov)
In 2014, the World Health Organization analyzed epidemiological studies - which included randomized clinical trials, as well as cohort and case control studies - that investigated the effect of the BCG vaccine on all-cause mortality. (cdc.gov)
The capital will allow us to complete the pre-clinical studies for our novel pneumococcal vaccine and raise further investment to undertake initial clinical development through Phase I/II studies. (thebusinessdesk.com)
ReNewVax's proprietary pneumococcal vaccine is anticipated to enter early phase clinical trials in 2025. (thebusinessdesk.com)

Organisms3

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs39

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment5

Phenomena and Processes1

Health Care2

The effect of route of immunization on the lapine immune response to killed Pasteurella haemolytica and the influence of aerosol challenge with the live organism. (1/3096)

Immune response capacity after human splenic autotransplantation: restoration of response to individual pneumococcal vaccine subtypes. (2/3096)

Paediatric, invasive pneumococcal disease in Switzerland, 1985-1994. Swiss Pneumococcal Study Group. (3/3096)

Purification and cloning of a streptokinase from Streptococcus uberis. (4/3096)

Pathogenicity island 2 mutants of Salmonella typhimurium are efficient carriers for heterologous antigens and enable modulation of immune responses. (5/3096)

Transcutaneous immunization with bacterial ADP-ribosylating exotoxins as antigens and adjuvants. (6/3096)

Functional activities and epitope specificity of human and murine antibodies against the class 4 outer membrane protein (Rmp) of Neisseria meningitidis. (7/3096)

Safety and immunogenicity of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa hybrid outer membrane protein F-I vaccine in human volunteers. (8/3096)

Bacterial Vaccines

Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines

Vaccines, Attenuated

Vaccination

Vaccines

Antibodies, Bacterial

Vaccines, Inactivated

Viral Vaccines

Vaccines, Combined

Vaccines, DNA

Vaccines, Synthetic

AIDS Vaccines

Vaccines, Subunit

Vaccines, Conjugate

Malaria Vaccines

Papillomavirus Vaccines

Meningococcal Vaccines

Hepatitis B Vaccines

Measles Vaccine

Pertussis Vaccine

Haemophilus Vaccines

BCG Vaccine

Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated

Rabies Vaccines

Rotavirus Vaccines

Cholera Vaccines

Smallpox Vaccine

Tuberculosis Vaccines

Antibodies, Viral

Chickenpox Vaccine

Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine

Mumps Vaccine

Hepatitis A Vaccines

Immunization Schedule

Adjuvants, Immunologic

Immunization, Secondary

Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine

Streptococcal Vaccines

Anthrax Vaccines

Dengue Vaccines

Vaccines, Virosome

Immunization

Transformation, Bacterial

Neisseria meningitidis

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Meningococcal Infections

Meningitis, Meningococcal

Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins

Neisseria

The effect of route of immunization on the lapine immune response to killed Pasteurella haemolytica and the influence of aerosol challenge with the live organism. (1/3096)

Immune response capacity after human splenic autotransplantation: restoration of response to individual pneumococcal vaccine subtypes. (2/3096)

Paediatric, invasive pneumococcal disease in Switzerland, 1985-1994. Swiss Pneumococcal Study Group. (3/3096)

Purification and cloning of a streptokinase from Streptococcus uberis. (4/3096)

Pathogenicity island 2 mutants of Salmonella typhimurium are efficient carriers for heterologous antigens and enable modulation of immune responses. (5/3096)

Transcutaneous immunization with bacterial ADP-ribosylating exotoxins as antigens and adjuvants. (6/3096)

Functional activities and epitope specificity of human and murine antibodies against the class 4 outer membrane protein (Rmp) of Neisseria meningitidis. (7/3096)

Safety and immunogenicity of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa hybrid outer membrane protein F-I vaccine in human volunteers. (8/3096)

Creative Biolabs Releases High-quality Bacterial Vaccines Development Services - Santafe News Online

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Phase 1-2 of a CpG-Activated Whole Cell Vaccine Followed by Autologous Immunotransplant for MCL - Full Text View -...

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