The parts of bacteria.

Flagella are whip-like structures protruding from the bacterial cell wall and are responsible for bacterial motility (movement ... The chemical structure of the outer membrane's lipopolysaccharide is often unique to specific bacterial sub-species and is ... Pili are similar in structure to fimbriae but are much longer and present on the bacterial cell in low numbers. Pili are ... Endospores are bacterial survival structures that are highly resistant to many different types of chemical and environmental ...

... s (BMCs) are organelle-like structures found in bacteria. They consist of a protein shell that ... Some BMC-T crystal structures show that the trimers can stack in a face-to-face fashion. In such structures, one pore from one ... Pang, Allan; Warren, Martin J.; Pickersgill, Richard W. (2011). "Structure of PduT, a trimeric bacterial microcompartment ... Yeates, Todd O.; Crowley, Christopher S.; Tanaka, Shiho (2010). "Bacterial Microcompartment Organelles: Protein Shell Structure ...

Structure. 3 (11): 1197-205. doi:10.1016/s0969-2126(01)00255-6. PMID 8591030. Portal: Biology (EC 3.2.1, Virulence factors). ... Bacterial neuraminidase is type of neuraminidase and a virulence factor for many bacteria including Bacteroides fragilis and ... Gaskell A, Crennell S, Taylor G (November 1995). "The three domains of a bacterial sialidase: a beta-propeller, an ...

"A mixed disulfide bond in bacterial glutathione transferase: functional and evolutionary implications". Structure. 6 (6): 721- ... Bacterial glutathione transferases (GSTs; EC 2.5.1.18) are part of a superfamily of enzymes that play a crucial role in ... Bacterial glutathione transferases are not detected in anaerobic bacteria or archaea. These antioxidant enzymes are a part of ... Bacterial GSTs are involved in a variety of distinct processes such as biotransformation of toxic compounds, protection against ...

eds.). Structure. In: Baron's Medical Microbiology (4th ed.). Univ of Texas Medical Branch. ISBN 0-9631172-1-1. (via NCBI ... Bacterial morphological plasticity Ferdinand Cohn - gave first named shapes of bacteria "coccus" at Dorland's Medical ... Spiral bacteria are another major bacterial cell morphology. Spiral bacteria can be sub-classified as spirilla, spirochetes, or ... Young, Kevin D. (September 2006). "The Selective Value of Bacterial Shape". Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews. 70 (3 ...

Białas N, Kasperkiewicz K, Radziejewska-Lebrecht J, Skurnik M (2012). "Bacterial cell surface structures in Yersinia ... made of a short C-terminal membrane anchor, an 18 nm long coiled-coil stem and a 5 nm long N-terminal globular head structure ... This beta-barrel would form a pore-like structure through which the N-terminal head and coiled helical domains of the three ... It forms the fibrillar matrix on the bacterial cell surface. This aids cell attachment and helps the bacteria invade eukaryotic ...

Klemm P, Schembri MA (2000). "Bacterial Adhesins:Function and Structure". Int J Med Microbiol. 290 (1): 27-35. doi:10.1016/ ... Bacterial display systems were first introduced by Freudl et al. and Charbit et al. in 1986, when they used bacterial surface ... Bacterial display (or bacteria display or bacterial surface display) is a protein engineering technique used for in vitro ... OMPs are common scaffolds for bacterial display. Proteins can also be displayed on the bacterial cell surface through the use ...

The typical structure of a bacterial adhesion is that of a fimbria or pilus. The bacterial adhesion consists primarily of an ... Mature FimH is displayed on the bacterial surface as a component of the type 1 fimbrial organelle. In 1999, the structure of ... Klemm P, Schembri MA (March 2000). "Bacterial adhesins: function and structure". Int. J. Med. Microbiol. 290 (1): 27-35. doi: ... However, bacterial adhesins do not serve as a sort of universal bacterial Velcro. Rather, they act as specific surface ...

International Conference on Durability of Concrete Structures: 94-103. doi:10.5703/1288284315388. ISBN 9781626710184. Sabater, ... Similarly, biofilms are important for bacterial anaerobic corrosion of metals in wastewater pipes. For bacterial anaerobic ... Bacterial anaerobic corrosion is the bacterially-induced oxidation of metals. Corrosion of metals typically alters the metal to ... Thus, bacterial anaerobic corrosion typically occurs in conditions favorable to the corrosion of the underlying substrate. In ...

It is likely that vesicle structures can be released spontaneously. Alternatively, it has been suggested that few proteins ' ... In 'complacent' bacterial colonies, OMVs may be used to carry DNA to 'related' microbes for genetic transformations, and also ... Bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are vesicles of lipids released from the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria. ... Thus, bacterial OMVs, being strong immunomodulators, can be manipulated for their immunogenic contents and utilized as potent ...

Dillon SC, Dorman CJ (March 2010). "Bacterial nucleoid-associated proteins, nucleoid structure and gene expression". Nature ... Pettijohn DE (September 1988). "Histone-like proteins and bacterial chromosome structure". The Journal of Biological Chemistry ... Initially, bacterial DNA binding proteins were thought to help stabilize bacterial DNA. Currently, many more functions of ... "The bacterial histone-like protein HU specifically recognizes similar structures in all nucleic acids. DNA, RNA, and their ...

Lycklama A, Nijeholt JA, Driessen AJ (April 2012). "The bacterial Sec-translocase: structure and mechanism". Philosophical ... The structure of T3SS is often described as an injectisome or needle/syringe-like apparatus. Discovered in Yersinia pestis, it ... Bacterial secretion systems are protein complexes present on the cell membranes of bacteria for secretion of substances. ... Type II (T2SS) secretion system depends on the Sec or Tat system for initial secretion inside the bacterial cell. From the ...

In 2013, the structure of the dopamine transporter was X-ray crystallized; such a success has paved the way to a better ... For that, this bacterial protein is providing a powerful model for studying the atomic details of these nerve proteins. The ... Bacterial Leucine Transporter (LeuT) is a bundled twelve alpha helix protein which belongs to the family of transporters that ... This transporter's secondary structure consists of twelve alpha helices and two short beta strands. Some loops can also be ...

Ames GF (1986). "Bacterial periplasmic transport systems: structure, mechanism, and evolution". Annu. Rev. Biochem. 55: 397-425 ... Bacterial binding protein-dependent transport systems, are multicomponent systems typically composed of a periplasmic substrate ... Saurin W, Kaster W, Dassa E (June 1994). "Bacterial binding protein-dependent permeases: characterization of distinctive ...

It is ideally spatially unstructured and temporally structured. The bacterial culture is incubated in a closed vessel with a ... Liquid is not the only laboratory environment for bacterial growth. Spatially structured environments such as biofilms or agar ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bacterial growth. An examination of the exponential growth of bacterial populations ... Bacterial growth is proliferation of bacterium into two daughter cells, in a process called binary fission. Providing no event ...

April 2019). "Structure of Microbial Nanowires Reveals Stacked Hemes that Transport Electrons over Micrometers". Cell. 177 (2 ... In 2010, bacterial nanowires were shown to have facilitated the flow of electricity into Sporomusa bacteria. This was the first ... Bacterial nanowires (also known as microbial nanowires) are electrically conductive appendages produced by a number of bacteria ... Aside from that, the extent of the implications brought on by the existence of bacterial nanowires is not fully realized. It ...

Dozens of these structures can exist on the bacterial and archaeal surface. Twitching motility is a form of crawling bacterial ... Other bacterial cell surface structures range from disorganised slime layers to highly structured capsules. These are made from ... Bacterial swimming is used in bacterial taxis (mediated by specific receptors and signal transduction pathways) for the ... A bacterial biofilm is a bacterial community attached into a surface through extracellular polymeric materials. Prior to ...

Ling SH, Decker CJ, Walsh MA, She M, Parker R, Song H (2008). "Crystal structure of human Edc3 and its functional implications ... Several bacterial YecM proteins in this particular family are of unknown function. The precise function of the YecM domain ...

The crystal structure of the FadR protein has been determined. In general, these proteins contain a DNA-binding HTH domain at ... In molecular biology, the GntR-like bacterial transcription factors are a family of transcription factors. Many bacterial ... The DNA-binding domain is well conserved in structure for the whole of the GntR family, consisting of a 3-helical bundle core ... Rigali S, Derouaux A, Giannotta F, Dusart J (April 2002). "Subdivision of the helix-turn-helix GntR family of bacterial ...

Hitchen PG, Dell A (June 2006). "Bacterial glycoproteomics". Microbiology. 152 (Pt 6): 1575-80. doi:10.1099/mic.0.28859-0. PMID ... Dell A, Morris HR (March 2001). "Glycoprotein structure determination by mass spectrometry". Science. 291 (5512): 2351-6. ... techniques that allow more detailed structures to be observed in the study of Glycobiology. Tate and Lyle Medal, Royal Society ... is an Australian biochemist specialising in the study of glycomics and the carbohydrate structures that modify proteins. Anne's ...

Silva MT, Sousa JC, Polónia JJ, Macedo MA, Parente AM (1976). "Bacterial mesosomes. Real structures or artifacts?". Biochim. ... These structures are invaginations of the plasma membrane observed in gram-positive bacteria that have been chemically fixed to ... were recognized as artifacts by the late 1970s and are no longer considered to be part of the normal structure of bacterial ... Culp, S. (1994). "Defending Robustness: The Bacterial Mesosome as a Test Case". PSA: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the ...

Bacterial cell structure Quellung reaction, a method to visualize capsule under a microscope Peterson JW (1996). Bacterial ... The structure of the capsule prevents the stain from penetrating the cell. When viewed, bacterial capsules appear as a bright ... Most bacterial capsules are composed of polysaccharide, but some species use other materials, such as poly-D-glutamic acid in ... They also exclude bacterial viruses and most hydrophobic toxic materials such as detergents.[citation needed] Immunity to one ...

2000). "Structure of functionally activated small ribosomal subunit at 3.3 angstroms resolution". Cell. 102 (5): 615-23. doi: ... Bacterial phyla entry in LPSN; Euzéby, J.P. (1997). "List of Bacterial Names with Standing in Nomenclature: a folder available ... Bacterial phyla constitute the major lineages of the domain Bacteria. While the exact definition of a bacterial phylum is ... When bacterial nomenclature was controlled under the Botanical Code, the term division was used, but now that bacterial ...

RNA polymerase is composed of a core and a holoenzyme structure. The core enzymes contains the catalytic properties of RNA ... Bacterial transcription is the process in which a segment of bacterial DNA is copied into a newly synthesized strand of ... Bacterial RNA polymerase is made up of four subunits and when a fifth subunit attaches, called the σ-factor, the polymerase can ... There is only one type of bacterial RNA polymerase whereas eukaryotes have 3 types. Bacteria have a σ-factor that detects and ...

Clausen, T.; Huber, R.; Laber, B.; Pohlenz, H. D.; Messerschmidt, A. (1996). "Crystal Structure of the Pyridoxal-5′-phosphate ... Ferla MP, Patrick WM (2014). "Bacterial methionine biosynthesis". Microbiology. 160 (Pt 8): 1571-84. doi:10.1099/mic.0.077826-0 ... Rabeh, W. M.; Cook, P. F. (2004). "Structure and Mechanism of O-Acetylserine Sulfhydrylase". Journal of Biological Chemistry. ...

Seetin, M. G.; Mathews, D. H. (2012). "RNA Structure Prediction: An Overview of Methods". Bacterial Regulatory RNA. Methods in ... This has helped advance methods for predicting RNA structure from sequence, as well as RNA-RNA interactions: e.g. miRNA or ... In his own lab, these methods were used to discover potentially medically important RNA structures in influenza virus including ... Turner, D H; N Sugimoto; S M Freier (1988). "RNA Structure Prediction". Annual Review of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry. ...

Müller, Volker (2001). "Bacterial Fermentation" (PDF). eLS. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. doi:10.1038/npg.els.0001415. ISBN 978- ... ISBN 978-0716701743.[page needed] Raj SB, Ramaswamy S, Plapp BV (2014). "Yeast alcohol dehydrogenase structure and catalysis". ...

... which are very different from those of the eukaryotic chromosomes in structure and function. The known structures of bacterial ... Maloy S (July 12, 2002). "Bacterial Chromosome Structure". Retrieved 2008-06-22. Martínez P, Blasco MA (October 2010). "Role of ... This triple-stranded structure is called a displacement loop or D-loop. Apart from the end replication problem, in vitro ... Telomeres form large loop structures called telomere loops, or T-loops. Here, the single-stranded DNA curls around in a long ...

Cabeen MT, Jacobs-Wagner C (2010). "The bacterial cytoskeleton". Annual Review of Genetics. 44: 365-92. doi:10.1146/annurev- ... Fuchs E, Weber K (1994). "Intermediate filaments: structure, dynamics, function, and disease". Annual Review of Biochemistry. ... which allows for the stabilization of the α-helix structure. While this type of stabilization is intuitive for intrachain ...

"Three-dimensional EM structure of an intact activator-dependent transcription initiation complex". Proceedings of the National ... Bacterial proteins). ...

The intended therapeutic targets are antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections. The company was founded as a spin-off from ... "Structures of CRISPR Cas3 offer mechanistic insights into Cascade-activated DNA unwinding and degradation". Nature Structural ... 818 million to develop CRISPR-Cas3 drugs targeting two bacterial pathogens. Locus received $20 million upfront and up to $798 ...

Structure. 16 (1): 82-92. doi:10.1016/j.str.2007.10.020. PMID 18184586. Wu N, Pai EF (Aug 2002). "Crystal structures of ... whereas Alveolata and stramenopiles have bacterial ones. Other rearrangements are also possible, since Fungi have bacterial ... There is a 30:1 equilibrium between the close and open structures in the enzyme-Mg-PRPP complex, which suggests that the close ... Proton donor absence near O4 or O2 in crystallographic structures is evidence against it along with the ylide generation ...

Humans sometimes build structures similar to beaver dams in streams, either to get the benefits of beaver dams in places ... Additionally, bacterial populations absorb nitrogen and phosphorus compounds as they pass by in the water stream and keep these ... These structures modify the natural environment in such a way that the overall ecosystem builds upon the change, making beavers ... This creates a more crystalline structure than is found in starch, which is composed of α-glucose monomers. Cellulose is a type ...

Phage eluted in the final step can be used to infect a suitable bacterial host, from which the phagemids can be collected and ... Users can use three dimensional structure of a protein and the peptides selected from phage display experiment to map ... The phage gene and insert DNA hybrid is then inserted (a process known as "transduction") into E. coli bacterial cells such as ... Those that remain can be eluted, used to produce more phage (by bacterial infection with helper phage) and to produce a phage ...

in December 2009 in a Swedish national who fell ill with an antibiotic-resistant bacterial infection that he acquired in India ... and a novel erythromycin esterase gene carried on a unique genetic structure in Klebsiella pneumoniae sequence type 14 from ... The carbapenems were developed to overcome antibiotic resistance mediated by bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes. However, the ... February 2010). "Acquired carbapenemases in Gram-negative bacterial pathogens: detection and surveillance issues". Clin. ...

... bacterial 422 Acute myocarditis 422.9 Other and unspecified acute myocarditis 422.91 Myocarditis, idiopathic 423 Other diseases ... insufficiency 395.9 Other and unspecified 396 Diseases of mitral and aortic valves 397 Diseases of other endocardial structures ...

Code used to identify the structure of a protein in the PDB database of protein structures. The 3D atomic structure of a ... A suggested nomenclature for bacterial host modification and restriction systems and their enzymes". J. Mol. Biol. 81 (3): 419- ... Jeremy MB, John LT, Lubert S (2002). "3. Protein Structure and Function". Biochemistry. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman. ISBN 0- ... Pingoud A, Jeltsch A (September 2001). "Structure and function of type II restriction endonucleases". Nucleic Acids Res. 29 (18 ...

Copy-number variations (CNVs) are an abundant form of genome structure variation in humans. A discrete-valued bivariate HMM ( ... Delcher, Arthur; Bratke, Kirsten A.; Powers, Edwin C.; Salzberg, Steven L. (2007). "Identifying bacterial genes and ... Additionally, this model accounts for differences in gene density and structure (such as intron lengths) that occur in ... Burge, Chris; Karlin, Samuel (1997). "Prediction of Complete Gene Structures in Human Genomic DNA". Journal of Molecular ...

List of bacterial orders List of bacteria genera Parte, A.C. "Singulisphaera". LPSN. Parker, Charles Thomas; Garrity, George M ... Fuerst, John A. (2013). Planctomycetes: Cell Structure, Origins and Biology. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 131. ISBN ...

In E. coli these proteins include DiaA, SeqA, IciA, HU, and ArcA-P, but they vary across other bacterial species. A few other ... D-loop replication is mostly seen in organellar DNA, Where a triple stranded structure called displacement loop is formed. " ... Bacterial origins regulate orisome assembly, a nuclei-protein complex assembled on the origin responsible for unwinding the ... Frimodt-Møller J, Charbon G, Løbner-Olesen A (December 2016). "Control of bacterial chromosome replication by non-coding ...

It allows us to see the structure of individual atoms, and we can resolve the north and south poles of the atoms. With this ... Examination of electron stains as a substitute for uranyl acetate for the ultrathin sections of bacterial cells. J Electron ... The success of the Nd3+ ion lies in the structure of its energy levels and in the spectroscopic properties suitable for the ... In: Hannay N.B. (eds) The Chemical Structure of Solids. Treatise on Solid State Chemistry, vol 1. Springer, New York, NY. https ...

Some bacterial oxidoreductases use tungsten in a similar manner as molybdenum by using it in a tungsten-pterin complex, with ... InChI Key HPEUEJRPDGMIMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Structure, synthesis, empirical formula for the di-sulfhydryl. Archived 2016-06-04 at the ...

These vesicles are complex structures made of proteins encoded by at least 14 genes. Gas vesicles were first discovered in H. ... Type strain of Halobacterium salinarum at BacDive - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase Portal: Food (CS1 Afrikaans-language ... Structure. 17 (9): 1265-75. doi:10.1016/j.str.2009.07.007. PMID 19748347. Oren, A., Ecology of extremely halophilic ...

Most of the structures that make up animals, plants and microbes are made from four basic classes of molecules: amino acids, ... Bacterial metabolic networks are a striking example of bow-tie organization, an architecture able to input a wide range of ... Each different protein has a unique sequence of amino acid residues: this is its primary structure. Just as the letters of the ... Overall, these studies give a good view of the structure and function of simple metabolic pathways, but are inadequate when ...

This protein domain, often found in bacterial species, is actually of viral origin. The protein forms an oligomer and functions ... Kovall R, Matthews BW (September 1997). "Toroidal structure of lambda-exonuclease". Science. 277 (5333): 1824-7. doi:10.1126/ ...

Pyramid structure can vary across ecosystems and across time. In some instances biomass pyramids can be inverted. This pattern ... "Bacterial biomineralization: new insights from Myxococcus-induced mineral precipitation". Geological Society, London, Special ... At different levels in the hierarchy of life, such as the stability of a food web, "the same overall structure is maintained in ... Population structure, migration rates, and environmental refuge for prey are other possible causes for pyramids with biomass ...

"Granulysin crystal structure and a structure-derived lytic mechanism". Journal of Molecular Biology. 325 (2): 355-365. ... This protein is also far more effective in targeting bacterial membranes than mammalian membranes, though it can target many ... Houchins JP, Kricek F, Chujor CS, Heise CP, Yabe T, McSherry C, Bach FH (1993). "Genomic structure of NKG5, a human NK and T ... Granulysin has a five alpha-helix structure, and is part of the saposin-like protein family. It is expressed in 2 forms: a ...

Mira, Alex; Ochman, Howard; Moran, Nancy A. (2001-10-01). "Deletional bias and the evolution of bacterial genomes". Trends in ... A common explanation for these manipulative abilities is their consistently compact and efficient genomic structure. These ... Scherbakov, D. V.; Garber, M. B. (2000-07-01). "Overlapping genes in bacterial and phage genomes". Molecular Biology. 34 (4): ... Animal Genome Size Database Bacterial genome size C-value Cell nucleus Comparative genomics Comparison of different genome ...

Kuan G, Dassa E, Saurin W, Hofnung M, Saier MH (1995). "Phylogenetic analyses of the ATP-binding constituents of bacterial ... Enzymes of unknown structure, All stub articles, EC 3.6 stubs). ...

The erect posture causes the weight of the abdominal contents to thrust on the pelvic floor, a complex structure which must not ... Postpartum infections, also historically known as childbed fever and medically as puerperal fever, are any bacterial infections ...

... s (SSSIs), also referred to as skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs), or acute bacterial ... See "Guidance for Industry Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infections: Developing Drugs for Treatment" (PDF). Food and ... "Guidance for Industry - Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infections: Developing Drugs for Treatment" (PDF). Food and ... The U.S. Food and Drug Administration began referring to this category of infection as acute bacterial SSSIs (ABSSSI) in 2008. ...

Both adopt layered structures. The azide anion is very similar in each form, being centrosymmetric with N-N distances of 1.18 Å ... it is especially important in bulk reagents and stock solutions which may otherwise support bacterial growth where the sodium ... "The crystal structures of lithium, sodium and strontium azides". Acta Crystallographica Section B. 24 (2): 262-269. doi:10.1107 ...

"Structure prediction of the entire proteome of monkeypox variants". Acta Materia Medica. 1 (2). doi:10.15212/AMM-2022-0017. ... mostly for pain and bacterial infections that can occur as a result of monkeypox lesions". Studies published a month later, in ...

Nagata S, Mantei N, Weissmann C (October 1980). "The structure of one of the eight or more distinct chromosomal genes for human ... Binding of molecules uniquely found in microbes-viral glycoproteins, viral RNA, bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide), ... Gray PW, Goeddel DV (August 1982). "Structure of the human immune interferon gene". Nature. 298 (5877): 859-63. Bibcode: ... bacterial flagella, CpG motifs-by pattern recognition receptors, such as membrane bound toll like receptors or the cytoplasmic ...

It was proposed that PhotoRC RNAs are cis-regulatory elements functioning at the RNA level, since bacterial cis-regulatory RNAs ... PhotoRC RNA motifs refer to conserved RNA structures that are associated with genes acting in the photosynthetic reaction ... March 2010). "Comparative genomics reveals 104 candidate structured RNAs from bacteria, archaea and their metagenomes". Genome ...

J A Kornacki, C H Chang, and D H Figurski: "kil-kor regulon of promiscuous plasmid RK2: structure, products, and regulation of ... 4486-4491 Kolatka K, Witosinska M, Pierechod M, Konieczny I.: "Bacterial partitioning proteins affect the subcellular location ... as one of a family of plasmids implicated in transfer of Ampicillin resistance between bacterial strains. Plasmids in the IncP- ...

ISBN 978-1-4398-0408-7. Type strain of Streptomyces bikiniensis at BacDive - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase v t e ( ... Primary structure, isolation, and properties". Biochemistry (Moscow). 75 (8): 1032-1038. doi:10.1134/S0006297910080122. PMID ...

Estrem ST, Ross W, Gaal T, Chen ZW, Niu W, Ebright RH, Gourse RL (August 1999). "Bacterial promoter architecture: subsite ... Mediator (coactivator) (a complex usually consisting of about 26 proteins in an interacting structure) communicates regulatory ... November 1993). "A third recognition element in bacterial promoters: DNA binding by the alpha subunit of RNA polymerase". ... Borukhov S, Nudler E (April 2003). "RNA polymerase holoenzyme: structure, function and biological implications". Current ...

The notation is not to be confused with D and L naming of molecules which refers to the similarity in structure to D- ... However, bacteria produce D-amino acid residues that polymerize into short polypeptides which can be found in bacterial cell ... Also, (R)- and (S)- refer to the chemical structure of the molecule based on Cahn-Ingold-Prelog priority rules of naming rather ... These polypeptides are less digestible by peptidases and are synthesized by bacterial enzymes instead of mRNA translation which ...

Tuosu Lake is a saline and alkaline lake with a dominant bacterial population made of Halomonas. Associated with these pipe- ... Two pipe-like structures have been reported from the largest cave. One of these is described as being 40 cm (16 in) in diameter ...