Bacterial Secretion Systems

Bacterial Proteins

Virulence Factors

Edwardsiella tarda

Edwardsiella ictaluri

Seasons

Enterobacteriaceae Infections

Fish Diseases

Japan

Flounder

Bacterial secretion system

Secretion

Type IV secretion system

Digestion

Xanthomonas

Xanthomonas citri

Type VI secretion system

Bacterial display

Type II secretion system

Contact-dependent growth inhibition

Cytotoxin K

Bacterial effector protein

Ti plasmid

Astrovirus

Type VII secretion system

Astroviridae

Trimeric autotransporter adhesin

Symbiogenesis

Endomembrane system

Hemibiotrophs

Bacteria

LcrV

NAS Award in Molecular Biology

Translocon

Tracy Palmer

Archaea

Polydnavirus

Sharmila Bhattacharya

Minicell

Thomas J. Silhavy

Proteins14

• Protein secretion systems are molecular machines used by bacterial cells to translocate specific sets of proteins out of the bacterial cell, either to the extracellular milieu or directly into target cells (eukaryotic or prokaryotic. (dundee.ac.uk)
• Secretion systems, and the diverse proteins that they secrete, represent key virulence factors against eukaryotic host organisms. (dundee.ac.uk)
• Our largest research area is the Type VI secretion system (T6SS) , which is widespread in Gram-negative bacteria and is a complex, dynamic nanomachine which 'fires' toxic effector proteins into target cells. (dundee.ac.uk)
• A family of Type VI secretion system effector proteins that form ion-selective pores. (dundee.ac.uk)
• Dashed boxes indicate the proteins that function in flagellar secretion, either in the membrane-bound part of the apparatus or in delivery of substrate. (nature.com)
• He is working on developing a workflow for prototyping proteins using cell-free systems and machine learning. (imperial.ac.uk)
• We found that gp21 and the herpesvirus proteases have similarity with proteins forming the tubes of phage tails and bacterial type VI secretion systems, suggesting their common evolutionary origin. (rcsb.org)
• The bacterial type II secretion system delivers harmful proteins which can have devastating effects on animals, humans and plants. (ukri.org)
• We also aim to determine the organisation of domains in the periplasm, and this will help us to understand how specific proteins substrates are recruited to the secretion system and how signal is transduced between periplasm and the cytoplasm across the inner membrane assembly complex. (ukri.org)
• The assembly platform (comprising proteins CEFLM) is at the centre of the secretion system and interacts with the outer membrane secretin D via the periplasmic domains of CLM and with the cytoplasmic ATPase E via the cytoplasmic domain of L. At the heart of the assembly platform is the potential rotor protein F which facilitates the assembly of the short periplasmic pilus comprising the major pilin G and initiation pilins IJK. (ukri.org)
• Bacterial colonies with active TdcA proteins looked completely different depending on different temperatures. (ucalgary.ca)
• After FMT, fecal proteomics detected 301 proteins composed of 154 of human origin - mostly related to gut barrier protection - and 147 of bacterial origin - mostly enzymes - at days 7, 30, and up to 90. (medscape.com)
• A sophisticated, multi-component type III secretion system (T3SS) exports substrate proteins of both the bacterial flagellum and virulence-associated injectisome system of many Gram-negative pathogens. (bvsalud.org)
• Gastric pepsin initiates digestion of proteins in the stomach (and also stimulates release of cholecystokinin that is critical to the secretion of pancreatic enzymes). (msdmanuals.com)

Pathogen6

• For many of our studies we use the potent anti-bacterial T6SS of the opportunistic pathogen Serratia marcescens as a model system. (dundee.ac.uk)
• It has recenly been demonstrated that the type II secretion system is very important for nosocomial pathogen survival in humans where multi-drug resistance has developed. (ukri.org)
• A bacterial pathogen uses distinct type III secretion systems to alternate between host kingdoms. (osu.edu)
• In GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA, multiprotein complexes that function to translocate pathogen protein effector molecules across the bacterial cell envelope, often directly into the host. (bvsalud.org)
• These effectors are involved in producing surface structures for adhesion, bacterial motility, manipulation of host functions, modulation of host defense responses, and other functions involved in facilitating survival of the pathogen. (bvsalud.org)
• Barrier agains t pathogen s gut bacterial genes in the MetaHIT ation when attempting to extrapolate [10], although Proteobacteria, Ver- catalogue were also well represent- results obtained in mouse models to rucomicrobia, and Fusobacteria are ed in the other metagenomes that the situation in humans. (who.int)

Chemotaxis1

• Motility: Structure and function of flagella, and control via chemotaxis systems. (manchester.ac.uk)

Infection9

• Pediatric bacterial meningitis is a serious illness resulting from bacterial meninges infection. (medscape.com)
• Moreover, impairment of the type II secretion system has been shown to allow the innate immune system to clear infection. (ukri.org)
• Due to this, many antibiotics become useless in the fight against this bacterium while the immune system also struggles to clear the bacterial infection. (ucalgary.ca)
• Together, these disrupt healthy functioning of the immune system, which increases susceptibility to infection and mortality. (medscape.com)
• Chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP) represents a bacterial infection of the prostate gland. (medscape.com)
• Although the prostatitis symptom complex is not always caused by a bacterial infection, traditional teaching states that bacteria are the cause and require an antibiotic for treatment. (medscape.com)
• Continuing research, using sophisticated research methods, further elucidates that bacterial infection is the cause for more cases of prostatitis. (medscape.com)
• It is a bacterial infection, most commonly with E coli . (medscape.com)
• Antiretroviral therapy does not cure HIV infection but suppresses viral replication within a person's body and allows an individual's immune system to strengthen and regain the capacity to fight off infections. (who.int)

Protein4

• It is increasingly becoming recognised that protein secretion systems can also be important mediators of competition between bacterial cells, with such systems delivering anti-bacterial toxins. (dundee.ac.uk)
• Bacterial flagella contain a specialized secretion apparatus that functions to deliver the protein subunits that form the filament and other structures to outside the membrane 1 . (nature.com)
• These findings show that the flagellar secretion apparatus functions as a proton-driven protein exporter and that ATP hydrolysis is not essential for type III secretion. (nature.com)
• Absorbed fatty acids are resynthesized and combined with protein, cholesterol, and phospholipid to form chylomicrons, which are transported by the lymphatic system. (msdmanuals.com)

Pathogenic2

• More broadly, I have had a long-standing interest in inter-bacterial interactions, including past work on quorum sensing in pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae. (dundee.ac.uk)
• Patients with cirrhosis have an underabundance of commensal microbes, an overabundance of pathogenic microbes, and reduced gut microbiome diversity, as well as gut barrier damage and bacterial translocation. (medscape.com)

Molecular1

• We are interested in the molecular mechanisms and regulation of the T6SS machinery, but also in the identification and characterisation of new anti-bacterial toxins secreted by the system. (dundee.ac.uk)

Flagellar3

• Here we show that flagellar secretion in Salmonella enterica requires the proton motive force (PMF) and does not require ATP hydrolysis by FliI. (nature.com)
• Weak swarming motility and rare flagella were observed in a mutant deleted for FliI and for the non-flagellar type-III secretion ATPases InvJ and SsaN. (nature.com)
• To address the energy requirements for type III secretion, we first measured the effect of the uncoupler CCCP on flagellar export in S. enterica , assayed by accumulation of the export substrate FlgM in the medium. (nature.com)

Respiratory4

• Most bacterial pathogens responsible for such infections are enclosed by polysaccharide capsules that protect them from phagocytosis and complement- mediated killing, ensuring their persistence on the respiratory mucosa and survival in the bloodstream and deep body tissues. (cdc.gov)
• In daycare centers, respiratory organisms spread easily through large droplet transmission among young children with poor hygienic habits who share toys contaminated with respiratory secretions or saliva. (cdc.gov)
• Sections on the prevention of bacterial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated and/or critically ill patients, care of respiratory-therapy devices, prevention of cross-contamination, and prevention of viral lower respiratory tract infections (e.g., respiratory syncytial virus {RSV} and influenza infections) have been expanded and updated. (cdc.gov)
• The first 1,000 days of life of a child, the period from conception to the end of the second year, is a critical stage for the development of respiratory and immune systems. (bvsalud.org)

Bacterium2

• We are supported by our collaborator who can reverse engineer the type II secretion system in the bacterium to confirm the importance of the interactions we see in our experiments in the live bacterium. (ukri.org)
• The bacterium contains the gene clusters for the type III secretion system (TTSS), which are essential for its pathogenicity. (bvsalud.org)

Bacteria6

• In order to investigate this, the putative gene for OxpG, the pseudopilin involved in a type II general secretion pathway of Gram-negative bacteria, was deleted. (nih.gov)
• When bacteria decide to settle down in a human body, they produce biofilm, which is bacteria surrounded in a sticky, slimy layer of its own secretions. (ucalgary.ca)
• Edwards explained that FMT modifies the gut microbiome, which metabolically reprograms by replenishing enzymes sourced from commensal bacteria that were previously depleted, causing a rise in ammonia metabolism such that it produces energy for the immune system and gut barrier. (medscape.com)
• Several of the systems have homologous components functioning similarly in GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIA. (bvsalud.org)
• In 2014, the MetaHIT consortium by bacteria of the genera Lacto- alytical method used: 66 from 16S published an integrated catalogue bacillus , Prevotella , and Sneathia , rDNA sequencing [11] or 57 from of 10 million bacterial genes de- whereas for infants delivered by whole-metagenome sequencing [5]. (who.int)
• Most bacterial nosocomial pneumonias occur by aspiration of bacteria colonizing the oropharynx or upper gastrointestinal tract of the patient. (cdc.gov)

Yersinia1

• Some evidence for a different view has also been reported: it was observed that type III secretion in Yersinia enterocolitica was prevented by the protonophore CCCP 7 , and it was shown that the secretion ATPase InvC of Salmonella functions to dissociate export substrate from the chaperone 8 , a role distinct from transport itself. (nature.com)

Outer membrane1

• Secretion is achieved by an inner-membrane complex assembling a short pilus to push the recruited effector from the periplasm (the space between the two membranes) through the gated pore in the outer-membrane. (ukri.org)

Ribosomal1

• Results from studies show that bacterial ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA), by a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay, assists in predicting a successful response to antibiotic treatment in patients with chronic prostatitis. (medscape.com)

Enzymes1

• The lytic enzymes secreted through this system destroy plant tissues and threaten food security. (ukri.org)

Nosocomial1

• Because intubation and mechanical ventilation alter first-line patient defenses, they greatly increase the risk for nosocomial bacterial pneumonia. (cdc.gov)

Metabolism1

• The endocrine system-the other communication system in the body-is made up of endocrine glands that produce hormones, chemical substances released into the bloodstream to guide processes such as metabolism, growth, and sexual development. (medscape.com)

Substrate1

• We are also working from the top down using the full secretion system, for instance we recently produced the initiation complex in the E. coli IHE3034 system by deleting the major pilin subunit G and introducing the substrate SslE. (ukri.org)

Infections3

• Continued research of occult bacterial infections as the cause of prostatitis syndrome is ongoing and will lead to further effective treatments for prostatitis symptoms. (medscape.com)
• The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) targets cells in the immune system - the body's defence against illness - and weakens the body's ability to fight against infections and some types of cancer. (who.int)
• Sometimes, bacterial infections occur during or just after viral pneumonia, which may lead to more serious forms of pneumonia. (medlineplus.gov)

Signal1

• The system was also capable of specifically detecting the BglI digested-DNA fragment of B. pseudomallei species with significantly higher signal than B. thailandensis. (bvsalud.org)

Immune system5

• This slime protects P. aeruginosa from the host's immune system and antibiotics. (ucalgary.ca)
• The virus destroys white blood cells in the immune system called CD4 cells and replicates itself inside these cells. (who.int)
• Prenatal and postnatal environment exposures may disturb lung growth and delay immune system maturation, resulting in an increased susceptibility to asthma and wheezing disorders in childhood. (bvsalud.org)
• This is because their bodies have a harder time fighting off the virus than people with a strong immune system. (medlineplus.gov)
• People receiving chemotherapy for cancer, or other medicines that weaken the immune system. (medlineplus.gov)

Acute2

• Acute bacterial meningitis. (medscape.com)
• Type I is acute bacterial prostatitis, which is a well-defined infectious disease of the lower urinary tract. (medscape.com)

Occur1

• Homologues of FliI also occur in the type III secretion apparatus of injectisomes and are usually assumed to energize export in those systems as well. (nature.com)

Strains1

• Somehow, when these bacterial strains were shipped to my lab in a FedEx envelope, we'd found they'd lost their ability to produce biofilms. (ucalgary.ca)

Structural1

• We anticipate capturing the secretion system in different states and to be able to model the structural transitions between states. (ukri.org)

Resistance1

• Its virulence determinants include many factors such as antimicrobial resistance, biofilm formation, and type III secretion system (T3SS) which correlate with disease severity. (bvsalud.org)

Type II sec6

• OmpB was localized to the membrane fraction of G. sulfurreducens and in the supernatant of growing cultures, consistent with the type II secretion system exporting OmpB. (nih.gov)
• I also have past and present interest in other secretion systems, including the Type II secretion system. (dundee.ac.uk)
• Plant pathogens relying on the type II secretion system such as Dickeya, Pectobacterium and Xanthomonascause are responsible for devastating crop loss in the UK and Europe. (ukri.org)
• The bacterial type II secretion system spans the two membranes of the Gram-negative cell wall. (ukri.org)
• We have made excellent progress in imaging the type II secretion system. (ukri.org)
• We have assembled the reagents and expertise needed to determine the structure of the inner membrane assembly platform of the type II secretion system. (ukri.org)

Contamination3

• As a result, their secretions and cellular fragments must also be removed to avoid contamination. (eurotherm.com)
• This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of bacterial contamination of operating theatres in Al Imam Ali Hospital in Baghdad, and the source of contamination. (who.int)
• have been reported as being responsible for The swabs obtained were cultured di- hospital contamination, particularly the op- rectly in prepared MacConkey and blood erating theatre, including unfiltered air, ven- agar media (Oxoid, England) by the tilation systems and antiseptic solutions [ 2 ]. (who.int)

Lung1

• Immune cytokine secretion in the lung and bacterial clearance were not affected by preexposure to TiO(2) nanorods. (cdc.gov)

Conducted to evaluate1

• This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of DFM and weaning systems on performance, mortality, and health of newborn lambs. (degruyter.com)

Stimulates1

• Meanwhile, the autonomic nervous system stimulates the suprarenal medulla to secrete hormones such as epinephrine into the bloodstream. (medscape.com)

Components1

• This unit will provide students with a comprehensive overview of bacterial cell structure/function with a particular focus on the key cell surface components. (manchester.ac.uk)

Cell3

• Matthew is working on a joint research collaboration with Richard Murray's lab at Caltech and funded by the NSF and EPSRC, the project is focused on developing new metrology for synthetic biology cell free systems. (imperial.ac.uk)
• Caoimhe's project is focused on developing metrology standards for mammalian cell-free systems. (imperial.ac.uk)
• Fundamentals of Bacteriology will provide you with a detailed understanding of bacterial cell structure including a particular focus on the cell surface. (manchester.ac.uk)

Susceptibility1

• Antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed using the VITEK-2 system and biofilm quantification was performed by the microtiter plate assay with crystal violet staining. (bvsalud.org)

Secrete1

• The endocrine system consists of endocrine glands that produce and secrete hormones into the blood stream to reach and act on target cells of specific organs. (medscape.com)

Cellular1

• Endotoxins, pyrogens, DNA and RNA: Cellular fragments and bacterial by-products. (eurotherm.com)

Microbiome1

• You will also be introduced to the key emerging technological developments, such as next generation sequencing and the concept of the microbiome as well as the role of CRISPR as a bacterial defence system. (manchester.ac.uk)

Commonly1

• More commonly, however, the target is rival bacterial cells, making the T6SS a key player in inter-bacterial competition and competitive fitness, and therefore an indirect virulence factor. (dundee.ac.uk)

Coli1

• We study a number of Gram-negative bacterial pathogens, mostly members of the Enterobacteriaceae, including the human pathogens Serratia marcescens , E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae , and the plant pathogens Erwinia spp. (dundee.ac.uk)

Cultures1

• Sur 1 216 prélèvements recueillis sur les surfaces, matériel et solutions antiseptiques de différentes salles d'opération en 2001 et 2002, le taux de cultures positives était de 3,7 % en 2001 et de 4,0 % en 2002. (who.int)

Article1

• This article seeks to evaluate the concept and caries risk factors as well as the scientific evidence about the CRA systems/guidelines described more frequently in the international literature. (bvsalud.org)

Nervous2

• This, in turn, affects the excitability of the nervous system. (medscape.com)
• The posterior pituitary is controlled by the nervous system. (medscape.com)

Water2

• Microorganisms: Bacterial agents constitute a real challenge for water purification systems. (eurotherm.com)
• Unabsorbed bile salts stimulate water secretion in the colon, causing diarrhea. (msdmanuals.com)

Host1

• All together, these areas contribute towards a better understanding of how Gram-negative bacterial pathogens interact with each other and with the host organism to proliferate and cause disease. (dundee.ac.uk)

Assembly1

• Assembly of the rod, hook and filament requires the action of the secretion apparatus, which transports the needed subunits into a central channel through the structure that conducts them to their site of incorporation at the tip ( Fig. 1 ). (nature.com)

Risk1

• The effectiveness of the systems vary widely, depending on the number and type of factors/ risk indicators studied, clinical indicators of the disease assessed 8 , as well as the heterogeneity of populations studied, study design and analysis of data 9 . (bvsalud.org)

Results1

• Bacterial overgrowth results in deconjugation and dehydroxylation of bile salts, limiting the absorption of fats. (msdmanuals.com)

Live1

• Wait until Abx Tx complete to administer live bacterial vaccine. (medscape.com)