In GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA, multiprotein complexes that function to translocate pathogen protein effector molecules across the bacterial cell envelope, often directly into the host. These effectors are involved in producing surface structures for adhesion, bacterial motility, manipulation of host functions, modulation of host defense responses, and other functions involved in facilitating survival of the pathogen. Several of the systems have homologous components functioning similarly in GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIA.
Proteins found in any species of bacterium.
Those components of an organism that determine its capacity to cause disease but are not required for its viability per se. Two classes have been characterized: TOXINS, BIOLOGICAL and surface adhesion molecules that effect the ability of the microorganism to invade and colonize a host. (From Davis et al., Microbiology, 4th ed. p486)
A species of EDWARDSIELLA distinguished by its hydrogen sulfide production. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)
A species of EDWARDSIELLA distinguished by its nonmotility. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)
Divisions of the year according to some regularly recurrent phenomena usually astronomical or climatic. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
Infections with bacteria of the family ENTEROBACTERIACEAE.
Diseases of freshwater, marine, hatchery or aquarium fish. This term includes diseases of both teleosts (true fish) and elasmobranchs (sharks, rays and skates).
Japan is a country with a high life expectancy and a healthcare system that emphasizes preventive care and technological innovation.
Common name for two families of FLATFISHES belonging to the order Pleuronectiformes: left-eye flounders (Bothidae) and right-eye flounders (Pleuronectidae). The latter is more commonly used in research.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Type III secretion system interacts with phagocytes to modulate systemic infection of zebrafish embryos. (1/446)

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The 33 carboxyl-terminal residues of Spa40 orchestrate the multi-step assembly process of the type III secretion needle complex in Shigella flexneri. (2/446)

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The type III secretion system of Vibrio alginolyticus induces rapid apoptosis, cell rounding and osmotic lysis of fish cells. (3/446)

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Tolerance rather than immunity protects from Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric preneoplasia. (4/446)

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Type IV secretion systems: versatility and diversity in function. (5/446)

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Type IV secretion in the obligatory intracellular bacterium Anaplasma phagocytophilum. (6/446)

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Endofungal bacterium controls its host by an hrp type III secretion system. (7/446)

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Diarrhea induced by infection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. (8/446)

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a human pathogen that naturally inhabits marine and estuarine environments. Infection with V. parahaemolyticus is often associated with the consumption of raw or undercooked seafood, causing gastroenteritis with watery diarrhea. The presence of two type III secretion system (T3SS) proteins, thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH) and TDH-related hemolysin (TRH), has been closely associated with the severity of diarrheal illness. TDH and TRH have various biological activities including hemolytic activity, cardiotoxicity, and enterotoxicity. T3SS1 is involved in cytotoxicity to host cells and orchestrates a multifaceted host cell infection by induction of autophagy, cell rounding, and cell lysis. T3SS2 is thought to be related to the enterotoxicity of V. parahaemolyticus. The activities of inducing diarrhea of each of the virulence factors were summarized in this review.  (+info)

Bacterial secretion systems are molecular mechanisms used by bacteria to transport proteins and other molecules across their cell membranes and into the extracellular environment or into the cells of other organisms. These systems are essential for bacterial survival and pathogenesis, as they allow bacteria to secrete toxins, enzymes, and other molecules that can damage host cells or evade the immune system. There are several types of bacterial secretion systems, including: 1. Type I Secretion Systems (T1SS): These systems use a single transmembrane protein complex to transport proteins across the bacterial cell membrane. 2. Type II Secretion Systems (T2SS): These systems use a larger protein complex to transport proteins across the bacterial cell membrane and into the extracellular environment. 3. Type III Secretion Systems (T3SS): These systems are used by pathogenic bacteria to inject toxins into host cells. They use a needle-like structure to penetrate the host cell membrane and deliver the toxins directly into the host cell. 4. Type IV Secretion Systems (T4SS): These systems are used by a variety of bacteria to transfer DNA, proteins, and other molecules between cells. Understanding the mechanisms of bacterial secretion systems is important for developing new treatments for bacterial infections and for understanding the pathogenesis of infectious diseases.

Bacterial proteins are proteins that are synthesized by bacteria. They are essential for the survival and function of bacteria, and play a variety of roles in bacterial metabolism, growth, and pathogenicity. Bacterial proteins can be classified into several categories based on their function, including structural proteins, metabolic enzymes, regulatory proteins, and toxins. Structural proteins provide support and shape to the bacterial cell, while metabolic enzymes are involved in the breakdown of nutrients and the synthesis of new molecules. Regulatory proteins control the expression of other genes, and toxins can cause damage to host cells and tissues. Bacterial proteins are of interest in the medical field because they can be used as targets for the development of antibiotics and other antimicrobial agents. They can also be used as diagnostic markers for bacterial infections, and as vaccines to prevent bacterial diseases. Additionally, some bacterial proteins have been shown to have therapeutic potential, such as enzymes that can break down harmful substances in the body or proteins that can stimulate the immune system.

Enterobacteriaceae infections refer to a group of bacterial infections caused by members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. This family includes a wide range of bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella, Shigella, and Yersinia, among others. Enterobacteriaceae infections can affect various parts of the body, including the urinary tract, respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, and bloodstream. They can cause a range of infections, from mild to severe, including urinary tract infections, pneumonia, meningitis, sepsis, and wound infections. Enterobacteriaceae infections are typically treated with antibiotics, although antibiotic resistance is becoming an increasingly serious problem. Proper hygiene and infection control measures are also important in preventing the spread of these infections.

Fish diseases refer to any illness or infection that affects the health and well-being of fish. These diseases can be caused by a variety of factors, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, and environmental stressors such as changes in water temperature, pH, or salinity. Fish diseases can affect both wild and farmed fish, and can have significant economic and ecological impacts. In the case of farmed fish, diseases can lead to reduced growth rates, lower yields, and increased mortality, which can result in significant financial losses for farmers. In the medical field, fish diseases are studied and treated by veterinarians and aquaculture specialists who have expertise in the biology and health of fish. Treatment options for fish diseases may include antibiotics, antifungal agents, and other medications, as well as changes to water quality and environmental conditions to help prevent the spread of disease.

Type II (T2SS) secretion system depends on the Sec or Tat system for initial secretion inside the bacterial cell. From the ... Type IV secretion system (T4SS or TFSS) is related to bacterial conjugation system, by which different bacteria can exchange ... Bacterial secretion systems are protein complexes present on the cell membranes of bacteria for secretion of substances. ... Type V secretion systems (T5SS) are different from other secretion systems in that they secrete themselves and only involves ...
"Identification of a conserved bacterial protein secretion system in Vibrio cholerae using the Dictyostelium host model system ... The Type IV secretion system (T4SS) is the general mechanism by which bacterial cells secrete or take up macromolecules. Their ... Type I secretion is a chaperone dependent secretion system employing the Hly and Tol gene clusters. The process begins as a ... Cascales E, Christie PJ (November 2003). "The versatile bacterial type IV secretion systems". Nature Reviews. Microbiology. 1 ( ...
The type IV secretion system is just one of many bacterial secretion systems. Type IV secretion systems are related to ... The bacterial type IV secretion system, also known as the type IV secretion system or the T4SS, is a secretion protein complex ... The type IV secretion system is related to prokaryotic conjugation machinery. Type IV secretion systems are a highly versatile ... Type IV secretion systems are also classified by function into three main types. Conjugative systems: used for DNA transfer via ...
... and function of bacterial Type IV secretion systems". Annu Rev Microbiol. 59: 451-485. doi:10.1146/annurev.micro.58.030603. ... Human Physiology - Digestion NIH guide to digestive system The Digestive System How does the Digestive System Work? (Articles ... A type III secretion system means that a molecular syringe is used through which a bacterium (e.g. certain types of Salmonella ... Secretion of gastrin is stimulated by food arriving in stomach. The secretion is inhibited by low pH. Secretin - is in the ...
... actively kill other bacterial using type IV secretion system and defend itself from amoeba using type VI secretion ... March 2015). "Bacterial killing via a type IV secretion system". Nature Communications. 6 (1): 6453. Bibcode:2015NatCo...6.6453 ... Xanthomonas possess almost all known secretion systems (types I to VI) that play different roles in the life and disease cycle ... punicae cause bacterial blight of pomogranate. Bacterial blight of rice, caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, is a disease ...
... uses its type IV secretion system to kill other Gram-negative bacterial species in a contact-dependent manner ... "Bacterial killing via a type IV secretion system". Nature Communications. 6: 6453. Bibcode:2015NatCo...6.6453S. doi:10.1038/ ... Xanthomonas citri also uses type VI secretion system in defense against the predatory amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum. Souza DP ... "Cryo-EM structure of the bacteria-killing type IV secretion system core complex from Xanthomonas citri". Nature Microbiology. 3 ...
The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is molecular machine used by a wide range of Gram-negative bacterial species to transport ... Unlike substrates of other secretion systems (such as the general secretory pathway or secretion systems III and IV), those of ... it has been observed that the GacS/Rsm two-component system is involved in type VI secretion system regulation. This system ... Ho BT, Dong TG, Mekalanos JJ (January 2014). "A view to a kill: the bacterial type VI secretion system". Cell Host & Microbe. ...
Autotransporters form part of the type V secretion system. They usually have three domains: leader sequence at the N-terminal; ... Bacterial display systems were first introduced by Freudl et al. and Charbit et al. in 1986, when they used bacterial surface ... Another advantage of generating vaccines using bacterial display systems is that the whole bacterial cell can be incorporated ... bacterial display systems are used to express known epitopes and the cells act as a vaccine delivery system. Under similar ...
In the type II secretion system GspD creates a pore in the outer membrane of the bacterial cell through which proteins can be ... and the type VI secretion system (some bacteria also utilize the type VII secretion system). Like these other systems, the type ... The type 2 secretion system (often referred to as the type II secretion system or by the initials T2SS) is a type of protein ... Along with other secretory systems such as the chaperone/usher pathway and the type IV secretion system, type II secretion is a ...
Christie PJ, Whitaker N, González-Rivera C (August 2014). "Mechanism and structure of the bacterial type IV secretion systems ... the Type VI Secretion System. The Type IV Secretion System (T4SS) is found in many species of Gram-negative and Gram-positive ... This system was much different that the Type V secretion system identified in E. coli, and thus formed a new class of CDI: ... The first CDI system to be discovered was a Type V secretion system, encoded by the cdiBAI gene cluster found widespread ...
Desvaux, Mickaël; Hébraud, Michel (September 2006). "The protein secretion systems in Listeria : inside out bacterial virulence ... it is therefore tempting to suggest the possibility that a two-component system with a histidine kinase and a response ...
... usually using a type 3 secretion system (TTSS/T3SS), a type 4 secretion system (TFSS/T4SS) or a Type VI secretion system (T6SS ... Bacterial Effector Proteins and their domains/motifs (from Paul Dean's lab) T3DB - A database of Type 3 Secretion System (T3SS ... Alfano, James R.; Collmer, Alan (September 2004). "TYPE III SECRETION SYSTEM EFFECTOR PROTEINS: Double Agents in Bacterial ... "Vibrio cholerae type 6 secretion system effector trafficking in target bacterial cells". Proceedings of the National Academy of ...
... and function of bacterial type IV secretion systems". Annual Review of Microbiology. 59: 451-85. doi:10.1146/annurev.micro. ... The partitioning system of the Ti plasmid is similar to the ParA/ParB system used in other plasmids and bacterial chromosomes ... These are achieved by the Tra/Trb system and the VirB/VirD4 system respectively, which are members of the type IV secretion ... Quorum sensing systems respond to bacterial population densities by sensing a molecule, known as an autoinducer, that is ...
... whose immune systems are underdeveloped, and elderly adults, whose immune systems are generally somewhat compromised. Presence ... 2-8% of acute non-bacterial gastroenteritis in children is associated with human astrovirus. These viral particles are usually ... In mink, symptoms include increased secretion from apocrine glands. Human astroviruses are associated with gastroenteritis in ... Mamastroviruses also cause diseases of the nervous system. These diseases most commonly occur in cattle, mink and humans. In ...
Type VII secretion systems are bacterial secretion systems first observed in the phyla Actinomycetota and Bacillota. Bacteria ... Type VII secretion systems use proteins from the ESX-1 system of secretion proteins. T7SS uses unique proteins as compared to ... These secretion systems are often found in gram-positive bacteria. Type VII secretion systems are necessary in Mycobacterium ... This shows how complex the secretion system is. The MDa complex of the Type VII secretion system is found embedded in the inner ...
Mamastroviruses also cause diseases of the nervous system. These diseases most commonly occur in cattle, mink and humans. In ... 2-8% of acute non-bacterial gastroenteritis in children is associated with human astrovirus. These viral particles are usually ... In mink, symptoms include increased secretion from apocrine glands. Human astroviruses are associated with gastroenteritis in ...
The type V secretion system is described as non-fimbrious, meaning that the bacterial cells do not use long physical appendages ... YadA bacterial adhesin protein domain Type V secretion system Virulence factor Cell adhesion Outer membrane Gram negative ... TAAs are part of the secretion pathway, to be more specific the type Vc secretion system. Trimeric autotransporter adhesins ... Trimeric Autotransporter Adhesins use a particular secretion pathway, named type V secretion system (T5SS). Gram-negative ...
"Bacterial Vesicle Secretion and the Evolutionary Origin of the Eukaryotic Endomembrane System". Trends in Microbiology. 24 (7 ... and bacterial cell membranes; that cardiolipin is found only in the inner mitochondrial membrane and bacterial cell membranes; ... The endomembrane system and nuclear membrane were hypothesized to have derived from the protomitochondria. The presence of a ... Ford Doolittle, W (1998-12-01). "You are what you eat: a gene transfer ratchet could account for bacterial genes in eukaryotic ...
"Bacterial Vesicle Secretion and the Evolutionary Origin of the Eukaryotic Endomembrane System". Trends in Microbiology. 24 (7 ... The system is defined more accurately as the set of membranes that forms a single functional and developmental unit, either ... The endomembrane system is composed of the different membranes (endomembranes) that are suspended in the cytoplasm within a ... Importantly, the endomembrane system does not include the membranes of plastids or mitochondria, but might have evolved ...
Alfano, James R.; Collmer, Alan (September 2004). "TYPE III SECRETION SYSTEM EFFECTOR PROTEINS: Double Agents in Bacterial ... Espinosa, Avelina; Alfano, James R. (November 2004). "Disabling surveillance: bacterial type III secretion system effectors ... into host cells via the type III secretion system (T3SS) whereupon they suppress PCD and other host defenses. Studies have ... However, in the hemibiotrophic life-style the pathogen later breaks down host cell walls through secretion of hydrolytic ...
The assembly of these extracellular structures is dependent on bacterial secretion systems. These transfer proteins from the ... Many types of secretion systems are known and these structures are often essential for the virulence of pathogens, so are ... Costa TR, Felisberto-Rodrigues C, Meir A, Prevost MS, Redzej A, Trokter M, Waksman G (June 2015). "Secretion systems in Gram- ... The most common fatal bacterial diseases are respiratory infections. Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections and are ...
"Type III protein secretion systems in bacterial pathogens of animals and plants". Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 62 (2): 379-433. ... The type III secretion system of Gram-negative bacteria is used to transport virulence factors from the pathogen directly into ... Effector proteins secreted by the type III system do not possess a secretion signal, and are considered unique because of this ... LcrV is a multifunctional protein that has been shown to act at the level of secretion control by binding the Ysc inner-gate ...
2021 Joseph Mougous for the discovery the mechanisms of bacterial type VI secretion systems. 2022 Carrie Partch for elucidating ... 1969 William B. Wood [Wikidata] for his genetic dissection of the mechanism of assembly of the bacterial virus particle and ... 1970 A. Dale Kaiser for his discovery that pure phage lambda DNA can infect susceptible bacterial cells and produce progeny, ... 2010 Jeannie T. Lee by using X-chromosome inactivation as a model system, Lee has made unique contributions to our ...
SecY protein Sec61 Protein targeting Bacterial secretion system Johnson AE, van Waes MA (1999). "The translocon: a dynamic ... Mueller CA, Broz P, Cornelis GR (June 2008). "The type III secretion system tip complex and translocon". Molecular Microbiology ... The channel allows peptides to move in either direction, so additional systems in the translocon are required to move the ... Gold VA, Duong F, Collinson I (2007). "Structure and function of the bacterial Sec translocon". Molecular Membrane Biology. 24 ...
She was one of the co-discoverers of the bacterial Tat protein secretion system. The Tat system is highly unusual because it ... Palmer has initiated work on a second type of protein transporter- the Type VII secretion system (T7SS) in the human pathogen ... system. In 2007 Palmer was recruited back to the University of Dundee to take up a new position in the College of Life Sciences ... Together they were awarded the 2002 Microbiology Society Fleming Prize Lecture for characterisation of the bacterial twin- ...
The bacterial flagellum shares a common ancestor with the type III secretion system, while archaeal flagella appear to have ... ISBN 978-0-19-511183-5. Gophna U, Ron EZ, Graur D (July 2003). "Bacterial type III secretion systems are ancient and evolved by ... This response may be a primitive form of sexual interaction similar to the more well-studied bacterial transformation systems ... In the genus Sulfolobus, the cycle has characteristics that are similar to both bacterial and eukaryotic systems. The ...
"Novel Organelles with Elements of Bacterial and Eukaryotic Secretion Systems Weaponize Parasites of Drosophila". Current ... The Leptopilina VLPs or mixed-strategy extracellular vesicles (MSEVs) contain some secretion systems. Their evolutionary ... VLPs allow the larvae to escape the immune system: the larva is not recognised as harmful by its host, or the immune cells ... In the host, several mechanisms of the insect immune system can be triggered when the wasp lays its eggs and when the parasitic ...
Novel Organelles with Elements of Bacterial and Eukaryotic Secretion Systems Weaponize Parasites of Drosophila. Current Biology ... Her research at NASA has involved studying immune system changes during spaceflight and the effects of radiation and altered ... gravity on living systems. Sharmila was also the lecturer of neurobiology in University of California, Santa Cruz in 1998. She ...
"Engineering the type III secretion system in non-replicating bacterial minicells for antigen delivery". Nature Communications. ... Bacterial minicells are being developed as a drug delivery system. Minicells could be used to deliver genetic material to ... The first minicells reported were from a strain of Escherichia coli that had a mutation in the Min System that lead to mis- ... Briegel, A.; Li, X.; Bilwes, A. M.; Hughes, K. T.; Jensen, G. J.; Crane, B. R. (2012-03-06). "Bacterial chemoreceptor arrays ...
Silhavy is a bacterial geneticist who has made fundamental contributions to several different research fields. He is best known ... for his work on protein secretion, membrane biogenesis, and signal transduction. Using Escherichia coli as a model system, his ... Current work in his lab is focused on the mechanisms of outer membrane biogenesis and the regulatory systems that sense and ... and to identify and characterize a two-component regulatory system. ...
Prof Gabriel Waksman - Structural and molecular biology of bacterial Type IV Secretion Systems. Add to your list(s) Download to ... Structural and molecular biology of bacterial Type IV Secretion Systems ...
"Spotlight on bacterial secretion systems: How we can better understand and use nanomachines with light" ... Medizinische Mikrobiologie/Infektiologie: Guestlecture: Spotlight on bacterial secretion systems: How we can better understand ...
INNATE IMMUNITY-BASED SCREEN FOR BACTERIAL TYPE III SECRETION SYSTEM INHIBITORS *. * Investigators ... Systems Approach To Identifying Targeted Interventions For Minimizing Antibiotic Resistance In The Poultry Production System. * ... Epidemiology of Antimicrobial Resistant of Foodborne Pathogens & Other Bacterial Isolates of Animal Origin as Part of NARMS * ...
In order to investigate this, the putative gene for OxpG, the pseudopilin involved in a type II general secretion pathway of ... Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins / genetics * Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins / physiology* * Electron Transport ... A putative multicopper protein secreted by an atypical type II secretion system involved in the reduction of insoluble electron ... consistent with the type II secretion system exporting OmpB. A mutant in which ompB was deleted had the same phenotype as the ...
Twelve classes of bacterial protein secretion systems are known; these systems transport virulence proteins into the cell and, ... Bacterial secretion systems: an overview. Microbiol Spectr. 2016;4:4.PubMedGoogle Scholar ... in some cases, directly into the cytoplasm of a target cell (8). The bacterial type III and type VI secretion systems (T3SS and ... Empyema and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis caused by E. tarda were diagnosed. Although these fluids were drained and ...
1. Protein secretion systems. Protein secretion systems are molecular machines used by bacterial cells to translocate specific ... I also have past and present interest in other secretion systems, including the Type II secretion system. ... with such systems delivering anti-bacterial toxins.. Our largest research area is the Type VI secretion system (T6SS), which is ... 3. Use of model systems and omic approaches to elucidate bacterial-host and inter-bacterial interaction. These include ...
Bacterial flagella contain a secretion apparatus that is related to the type III secretion system used by many pathogens to ... Bacterial flagella contain a specialized secretion apparatus that functions to deliver the protein subunits that form the ... in both systems this export mechanism is termed type III secretion2,3. The flagellar secretion apparatus comprises a membrane ... This is one of two papers that argue against this widely held view and show that flagellar secretion can occur even in the ...
Molecular microbiology focuses on type III secretion systems, bacterial signal transduction systems, regulation of ... Model systems of infection including non-vertebrate zebrafish models. *The identification of novel virulence determinants and ...
Michael is interested in structural and functional investigations of bacterial secretion systems to find out how these systems ... The TAD pili transport system represents a subtype of the Type IV filament secretion systems. The TAD system has been found in ... Several bacterial secretion systems give the bacteria an advantage allowing them to form for example biofilms. The biofilm ... many bacterial phyla, including Gram positive and Gram negative pathogens. It is mainly involved in the secretion of pilins ...
02060 Phosphotransferase system (PTS). 03070 Bacterial secretion system. Signal transduction 02020 Two-component system. ... Cell motility 02030 Bacterial chemotaxis. 02040 Flagellar assembly. Human Diseases Drug resistance: antimicrobial 01501 beta- ... 04122 Sulfur relay system. 03018 RNA degradation. Replication and repair 03030 DNA replication. 03410 Base excision repair. ...
Structural similarity of tailed phages and pathogenic bacterial secretion systems Shuji Kanamaru ...
Pediatric bacterial meningitis is a life-threatening illness that results from bacterial infection of the meninges and leaves ... Increased secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), resulting in the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion ( ... After arriving in the central nervous system (CNS), bacteria spread from the longitudinal and lateral sinuses to the meninges, ... Pediatric bacterial meningitis is a life-threatening illness resulting from bacterial meninges infection. Because bacterial ...
New insights into the bacterial type VI secretion system could one day help to develop antibacterial and antifungal ...
These genes encode critical bacterial virulence factors such as adhesion, toxin, hemolysin, type III secretion system, etc. ( ... we found important bacterial virulence factors such as adhesion, toxin, hemolysin, type III secretion system encoding genes ... type II secretion system protein C (gspC) (rho = −0.765, p = 0.0023), permease of iron compound ABC transport system (shuU) ( ... type II secretion system protein L (gspL) (rho = −0.702, p = 0.0074), polysialic acid transport protein KpsM (kpsM) (rho = − ...
Structures associated with bacterial outer membrane: OMPs and porins, pili/fimbriae. • Protein secretion systems: diversity of ... Bacterial signalling and sensing: Sporulation in Gram-positive bacteria, quorum sensing and two component regulatory systems. ... The role of CRISPR as a bacterial defence system and its significance as a genome editing tool ... pathways for protein secretion in Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. • DNA uptake systems. • The emergence of the ...
As you well know some researchers have proposed that the bacterial flagellum evolved from a secretion system .. What a dolt! So ... As you well know some researchers have proposed that the bacterial flagellum evolved from a secretion system . . .I think. Its ... Yup, and IC, CSI and coded information processing systems fit those predictions. On the other hand all your position predicts ... No one on this planet is researching blind and mindless processes ability to produce a bacterial flagellum. All the research in ...
Microorganisms: Bacterial agents constitute a real challenge for water purification systems. Their growth rate, size and ... As a result, their secretions and cellular fragments must also be removed to avoid contamination. ... system to gradually heat and cool water circulating through the reverse osmosis membrane system. Membrane manufacturers ... A control system must therefore provide flexibility in the way in which accurate and repeatable control of the sterilization is ...
Common Evolutionary Origin of Procapsid Proteases, Phage Tail Tubes, and Tubes of Bacterial Type VI Secretion Systems.. Fokine ... herpesvirus proteases have similarity with proteins forming the tubes of phage tails and bacterial type VI secretion systems, ...
Report all clinically significant postvaccination reactions to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS). Reporting ... any condition that compromises respiratory function or the handling of respiratory secretions or that can increase the risk of ... influenza is a risk factor for secondary bacterial infections that can cause severe disease among persons with asplenia. ... Medical indications: Chronic disorders of the cardiovascular or pulmonary systems, including asthma; chronic metabolic diseases ...
The bacterial type II secretion system spans the two membranes of the Gram-negative cell wall. Secretion is achieved by an ... The bacterial type II secretion system delivers harmful proteins which can have devastating effects on animals, humans and ... Structure of the assembly platform of the bacterial type II secretion system. Lead Research Organisation: Queen Mary University ... Moreover, impairment of the type II secretion system has been shown to allow the innate immune system to clear infection. Plant ...
... the manipulation of signaling by bacterial secretion system effectors, such as those produced by Yersinia and Salmonella, and ...
Two-component system - General. 1.64. map02030. Bacterial chemotaxis - General. 1.58. map03090. Type II secretion system. ... Signal transducing histidine kinases are the key elements in two-component signal transduction systems, which control complex ...
... eukaryotes suggests the existence of an ancestral mitochondrial apparatus derived from the bacterial type II secretion system ... An ancestral bacterial division system is widespread in eukaryotic mitochondria. M.M. Leger, M. Petru, V. Zarsky, L. Eme, C. ... Bacterial proteins pinpoint a single eukaryotic root. R. Derelle, G. Torruella, Vladimír Klimeš, H. Brinkmann, E. Kim, C. Vlcek ... Sculpting the endomembrane system in deep time: high resolution phylogenetics of Rab GTPases ...
Immune cytokine secretion in the lung and bacterial clearance were not affected by preexposure to TiO(2) nanorods. To summarize ... Pulmonary-system; Pulmonary-system-disorders; Quantitative-analysis; Respiratory-hypersensitivity; Respiratory-irritants; ... Alveolar-cells; Animal-studies; Biological-effects; Biological-systems; Immune-reaction; Laboratory-animals; Laboratory-testing ... and bacterial clearance was assessed. ESR showed a significant concentration-dependent generation of hydroxyl radicals by TiO2 ...
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of DFM and weaning systems on performance, mortality, and health of newborn ... DFM supplementation and weaning system significantly ( P < 0.01) reduced serum Zn concentration. These results suggest that ... 36] Scott D, Loveridge N, Abu Damir H, Buchan W, Milne J. Effects of acute acid loading on parathyroid hormone secretion and on ... Impact of a live bacterial-based direct-fed microbial (DFM) postpartum and weaning system on performance, mortality, and health ...
A bacterial pathogen uses distinct type III secretion systems to alternate between host kingdoms. VALDIR R. CORREA, D. R. ... Bacterial determinants of induced systemic resistance induced by Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6. S. HAN, A. J. Anderson, B. ...
... neutrophils and changes in the monocytes stimulated secretion of proinflammatory mediators after the contact with bacterial ... A healthy immune system has the capacity to effectively eliminate pathogens and restore homeostasis. However, a dysfunctional ... and bacterial toxins [13, 70]. One of the possible links between Porphyromonas gingivalis. and oral squamous cell carcinoma may ... Also it can modulate the hosts immune system, thus being able to intervene directly in the development of cancers at the oral ...
... slimy layer of its own secretions. This slime protects P. aeruginosa from the hosts immune system and antibiotics. Due to this ... Somehow, when these bacterial strains were shipped to my lab in a FedEx envelope, wed found theyd lost their ability to ... Decade of teamwork unravels bacterial heat-sensing discovery. By using a multidisciplinary approach, Harrison and his team ... antibiotics become useless in the fight against this bacterium while the immune system also struggles to clear the bacterial ...
Bacterial secretion of soluble and functional trivalent scFv-based N-terminal trimerbodies Recombinant antibodies are used with ... Functional screening system for yeast-secreted peptides acting on G-protein coupled receptors We established a novel functional ... The fermentation system of mixed ruminal bacteria is capable of generating large amounts of short-chain volatile fatty acids ( ... Poly-3-d-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) is a promising biopolymer naturally produced by several bacterial species. In the present study ...
Many components of bacterial flagella share sequence similarity to components of the type III secretion systems, but the ... which are assembled through the action of type II secretion systems. (The nomenclature of pili and protein secretion systems is ... Bacterial flagellum. Examples of bacterial flagella arrangement schemes. A-Monotrichous; B-Lophotrichous; C-Amphitrichous; D- ... Bacterial flagella are thicker than archaeal flagella, and the bacterial filament has a large enough hollow "tube" inside that ...
  • Protein secretion systems are molecular machines used by bacterial cells to translocate specific sets of proteins out of the bacterial cell, either to the extracellular milieu or directly into target cells (eukaryotic or prokaryotic. (dundee.ac.uk)
  • Secretion systems, and the diverse proteins that they secrete, represent key virulence factors against eukaryotic host organisms. (dundee.ac.uk)
  • Our largest research area is the Type VI secretion system (T6SS) , which is widespread in Gram-negative bacteria and is a complex, dynamic nanomachine which 'fires' toxic effector proteins into target cells. (dundee.ac.uk)
  • A family of Type VI secretion system effector proteins that form ion-selective pores. (dundee.ac.uk)
  • Dashed boxes indicate the proteins that function in flagellar secretion, either in the membrane-bound part of the apparatus or in delivery of substrate. (nature.com)
  • He is working on developing a workflow for prototyping proteins using cell-free systems and machine learning. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • We found that gp21 and the herpesvirus proteases have similarity with proteins forming the tubes of phage tails and bacterial type VI secretion systems, suggesting their common evolutionary origin. (rcsb.org)
  • The bacterial type II secretion system delivers harmful proteins which can have devastating effects on animals, humans and plants. (ukri.org)
  • We also aim to determine the organisation of domains in the periplasm, and this will help us to understand how specific proteins substrates are recruited to the secretion system and how signal is transduced between periplasm and the cytoplasm across the inner membrane assembly complex. (ukri.org)
  • The assembly platform (comprising proteins CEFLM) is at the centre of the secretion system and interacts with the outer membrane secretin D via the periplasmic domains of CLM and with the cytoplasmic ATPase E via the cytoplasmic domain of L. At the heart of the assembly platform is the potential rotor protein F which facilitates the assembly of the short periplasmic pilus comprising the major pilin G and initiation pilins IJK. (ukri.org)
  • Bacterial colonies with active TdcA proteins looked completely different depending on different temperatures. (ucalgary.ca)
  • After FMT, fecal proteomics detected 301 proteins composed of 154 of human origin - mostly related to gut barrier protection - and 147 of bacterial origin - mostly enzymes - at days 7, 30, and up to 90. (medscape.com)
  • A sophisticated, multi-component type III secretion system (T3SS) exports substrate proteins of both the bacterial flagellum and virulence-associated injectisome system of many Gram-negative pathogens. (bvsalud.org)
  • Gastric pepsin initiates digestion of proteins in the stomach (and also stimulates release of cholecystokinin that is critical to the secretion of pancreatic enzymes). (msdmanuals.com)
  • For many of our studies we use the potent anti-bacterial T6SS of the opportunistic pathogen Serratia marcescens as a model system. (dundee.ac.uk)
  • It has recenly been demonstrated that the type II secretion system is very important for nosocomial pathogen survival in humans where multi-drug resistance has developed. (ukri.org)
  • A bacterial pathogen uses distinct type III secretion systems to alternate between host kingdoms. (osu.edu)
  • In GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA, multiprotein complexes that function to translocate pathogen protein effector molecules across the bacterial cell envelope, often directly into the host. (bvsalud.org)
  • These effectors are involved in producing surface structures for adhesion, bacterial motility, manipulation of host functions, modulation of host defense responses, and other functions involved in facilitating survival of the pathogen. (bvsalud.org)
  • Barrier agains t pathogen s gut bacterial genes in the MetaHIT ation when attempting to extrapolate [10], although Proteobacteria, Ver- catalogue were also well represent- results obtained in mouse models to rucomicrobia, and Fusobacteria are ed in the other metagenomes that the situation in humans. (who.int)
  • Motility: Structure and function of flagella, and control via chemotaxis systems. (manchester.ac.uk)
  • Pediatric bacterial meningitis is a serious illness resulting from bacterial meninges infection. (medscape.com)
  • Moreover, impairment of the type II secretion system has been shown to allow the innate immune system to clear infection. (ukri.org)
  • Due to this, many antibiotics become useless in the fight against this bacterium while the immune system also struggles to clear the bacterial infection. (ucalgary.ca)
  • Together, these disrupt healthy functioning of the immune system, which increases susceptibility to infection and mortality. (medscape.com)
  • Chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP) represents a bacterial infection of the prostate gland. (medscape.com)
  • Although the prostatitis symptom complex is not always caused by a bacterial infection, traditional teaching states that bacteria are the cause and require an antibiotic for treatment. (medscape.com)
  • Continuing research, using sophisticated research methods, further elucidates that bacterial infection is the cause for more cases of prostatitis. (medscape.com)
  • It is a bacterial infection, most commonly with E coli . (medscape.com)
  • Antiretroviral therapy does not cure HIV infection but suppresses viral replication within a person's body and allows an individual's immune system to strengthen and regain the capacity to fight off infections. (who.int)
  • It is increasingly becoming recognised that protein secretion systems can also be important mediators of competition between bacterial cells, with such systems delivering anti-bacterial toxins. (dundee.ac.uk)
  • Bacterial flagella contain a specialized secretion apparatus that functions to deliver the protein subunits that form the filament and other structures to outside the membrane 1 . (nature.com)
  • These findings show that the flagellar secretion apparatus functions as a proton-driven protein exporter and that ATP hydrolysis is not essential for type III secretion. (nature.com)
  • Absorbed fatty acids are resynthesized and combined with protein, cholesterol, and phospholipid to form chylomicrons, which are transported by the lymphatic system. (msdmanuals.com)
  • More broadly, I have had a long-standing interest in inter-bacterial interactions, including past work on quorum sensing in pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae. (dundee.ac.uk)
  • Patients with cirrhosis have an underabundance of commensal microbes, an overabundance of pathogenic microbes, and reduced gut microbiome diversity, as well as gut barrier damage and bacterial translocation. (medscape.com)
  • We are interested in the molecular mechanisms and regulation of the T6SS machinery, but also in the identification and characterisation of new anti-bacterial toxins secreted by the system. (dundee.ac.uk)
  • Here we show that flagellar secretion in Salmonella enterica requires the proton motive force (PMF) and does not require ATP hydrolysis by FliI. (nature.com)
  • Weak swarming motility and rare flagella were observed in a mutant deleted for FliI and for the non-flagellar type-III secretion ATPases InvJ and SsaN. (nature.com)
  • To address the energy requirements for type III secretion, we first measured the effect of the uncoupler CCCP on flagellar export in S. enterica , assayed by accumulation of the export substrate FlgM in the medium. (nature.com)
  • Most bacterial pathogens responsible for such infections are enclosed by polysaccharide capsules that protect them from phagocytosis and complement- mediated killing, ensuring their persistence on the respiratory mucosa and survival in the bloodstream and deep body tissues. (cdc.gov)
  • In daycare centers, respiratory organisms spread easily through large droplet transmission among young children with poor hygienic habits who share toys contaminated with respiratory secretions or saliva. (cdc.gov)
  • Sections on the prevention of bacterial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated and/or critically ill patients, care of respiratory-therapy devices, prevention of cross-contamination, and prevention of viral lower respiratory tract infections (e.g., respiratory syncytial virus {RSV} and influenza infections) have been expanded and updated. (cdc.gov)
  • The first 1,000 days of life of a child, the period from conception to the end of the second year, is a critical stage for the development of respiratory and immune systems. (bvsalud.org)
  • We are supported by our collaborator who can reverse engineer the type II secretion system in the bacterium to confirm the importance of the interactions we see in our experiments in the live bacterium. (ukri.org)
  • The bacterium contains the gene clusters for the type III secretion system (TTSS), which are essential for its pathogenicity. (bvsalud.org)
  • In order to investigate this, the putative gene for OxpG, the pseudopilin involved in a type II general secretion pathway of Gram-negative bacteria, was deleted. (nih.gov)
  • When bacteria decide to settle down in a human body, they produce biofilm, which is bacteria surrounded in a sticky, slimy layer of its own secretions. (ucalgary.ca)
  • Edwards explained that FMT modifies the gut microbiome, which metabolically reprograms by replenishing enzymes sourced from commensal bacteria that were previously depleted, causing a rise in ammonia metabolism such that it produces energy for the immune system and gut barrier. (medscape.com)
  • Several of the systems have homologous components functioning similarly in GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIA. (bvsalud.org)
  • In 2014, the MetaHIT consortium by bacteria of the genera Lacto- alytical method used: 66 from 16S published an integrated catalogue bacillus , Prevotella , and Sneathia , rDNA sequencing [11] or 57 from of 10 million bacterial genes de- whereas for infants delivered by whole-metagenome sequencing [5]. (who.int)
  • Most bacterial nosocomial pneumonias occur by aspiration of bacteria colonizing the oropharynx or upper gastrointestinal tract of the patient. (cdc.gov)
  • Some evidence for a different view has also been reported: it was observed that type III secretion in Yersinia enterocolitica was prevented by the protonophore CCCP 7 , and it was shown that the secretion ATPase InvC of Salmonella functions to dissociate export substrate from the chaperone 8 , a role distinct from transport itself. (nature.com)
  • Secretion is achieved by an inner-membrane complex assembling a short pilus to push the recruited effector from the periplasm (the space between the two membranes) through the gated pore in the outer-membrane. (ukri.org)
  • Results from studies show that bacterial ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA), by a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay, assists in predicting a successful response to antibiotic treatment in patients with chronic prostatitis. (medscape.com)
  • The lytic enzymes secreted through this system destroy plant tissues and threaten food security. (ukri.org)
  • Because intubation and mechanical ventilation alter first-line patient defenses, they greatly increase the risk for nosocomial bacterial pneumonia. (cdc.gov)
  • The endocrine system-the other communication system in the body-is made up of endocrine glands that produce hormones, chemical substances released into the bloodstream to guide processes such as metabolism, growth, and sexual development. (medscape.com)
  • We are also working from the top down using the full secretion system, for instance we recently produced the initiation complex in the E. coli IHE3034 system by deleting the major pilin subunit G and introducing the substrate SslE. (ukri.org)
  • Continued research of occult bacterial infections as the cause of prostatitis syndrome is ongoing and will lead to further effective treatments for prostatitis symptoms. (medscape.com)
  • The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) targets cells in the immune system - the body's defence against illness - and weakens the body's ability to fight against infections and some types of cancer. (who.int)
  • Sometimes, bacterial infections occur during or just after viral pneumonia, which may lead to more serious forms of pneumonia. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The system was also capable of specifically detecting the BglI digested-DNA fragment of B. pseudomallei species with significantly higher signal than B. thailandensis. (bvsalud.org)
  • This slime protects P. aeruginosa from the host's immune system and antibiotics. (ucalgary.ca)
  • The virus destroys white blood cells in the immune system called CD4 cells and replicates itself inside these cells. (who.int)
  • Prenatal and postnatal environment exposures may disturb lung growth and delay immune system maturation, resulting in an increased susceptibility to asthma and wheezing disorders in childhood. (bvsalud.org)
  • This is because their bodies have a harder time fighting off the virus than people with a strong immune system. (medlineplus.gov)
  • People receiving chemotherapy for cancer, or other medicines that weaken the immune system. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Acute bacterial meningitis. (medscape.com)
  • Type I is acute bacterial prostatitis, which is a well-defined infectious disease of the lower urinary tract. (medscape.com)
  • Homologues of FliI also occur in the type III secretion apparatus of injectisomes and are usually assumed to energize export in those systems as well. (nature.com)
  • Somehow, when these bacterial strains were shipped to my lab in a FedEx envelope, we'd found they'd lost their ability to produce biofilms. (ucalgary.ca)
  • We anticipate capturing the secretion system in different states and to be able to model the structural transitions between states. (ukri.org)
  • Its virulence determinants include many factors such as antimicrobial resistance, biofilm formation, and type III secretion system (T3SS) which correlate with disease severity. (bvsalud.org)
  • OmpB was localized to the membrane fraction of G. sulfurreducens and in the supernatant of growing cultures, consistent with the type II secretion system exporting OmpB. (nih.gov)
  • I also have past and present interest in other secretion systems, including the Type II secretion system. (dundee.ac.uk)
  • Plant pathogens relying on the type II secretion system such as Dickeya, Pectobacterium and Xanthomonascause are responsible for devastating crop loss in the UK and Europe. (ukri.org)
  • The bacterial type II secretion system spans the two membranes of the Gram-negative cell wall. (ukri.org)
  • We have made excellent progress in imaging the type II secretion system. (ukri.org)
  • We have assembled the reagents and expertise needed to determine the structure of the inner membrane assembly platform of the type II secretion system. (ukri.org)
  • As a result, their secretions and cellular fragments must also be removed to avoid contamination. (eurotherm.com)
  • This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of bacterial contamination of operating theatres in Al Imam Ali Hospital in Baghdad, and the source of contamination. (who.int)
  • have been reported as being responsible for The swabs obtained were cultured di- hospital contamination, particularly the op- rectly in prepared MacConkey and blood erating theatre, including unfiltered air, ven- agar media (Oxoid, England) by the tilation systems and antiseptic solutions [ 2 ]. (who.int)
  • Immune cytokine secretion in the lung and bacterial clearance were not affected by preexposure to TiO(2) nanorods. (cdc.gov)
  • This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of DFM and weaning systems on performance, mortality, and health of newborn lambs. (degruyter.com)
  • Meanwhile, the autonomic nervous system stimulates the suprarenal medulla to secrete hormones such as epinephrine into the bloodstream. (medscape.com)
  • This unit will provide students with a comprehensive overview of bacterial cell structure/function with a particular focus on the key cell surface components. (manchester.ac.uk)
  • Matthew is working on a joint research collaboration with Richard Murray's lab at Caltech and funded by the NSF and EPSRC, the project is focused on developing new metrology for synthetic biology cell free systems. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Caoimhe's project is focused on developing metrology standards for mammalian cell-free systems. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Fundamentals of Bacteriology will provide you with a detailed understanding of bacterial cell structure including a particular focus on the cell surface. (manchester.ac.uk)
  • Antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed using the VITEK-2 system and biofilm quantification was performed by the microtiter plate assay with crystal violet staining. (bvsalud.org)
  • The endocrine system consists of endocrine glands that produce and secrete hormones into the blood stream to reach and act on target cells of specific organs. (medscape.com)
  • Endotoxins, pyrogens, DNA and RNA: Cellular fragments and bacterial by-products. (eurotherm.com)
  • You will also be introduced to the key emerging technological developments, such as next generation sequencing and the concept of the microbiome as well as the role of CRISPR as a bacterial defence system. (manchester.ac.uk)
  • More commonly, however, the target is rival bacterial cells, making the T6SS a key player in inter-bacterial competition and competitive fitness, and therefore an indirect virulence factor. (dundee.ac.uk)
  • We study a number of Gram-negative bacterial pathogens, mostly members of the Enterobacteriaceae, including the human pathogens Serratia marcescens , E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae , and the plant pathogens Erwinia spp. (dundee.ac.uk)
  • Sur 1 216 prélèvements recueillis sur les surfaces, matériel et solutions antiseptiques de différentes salles d'opération en 2001 et 2002, le taux de cultures positives était de 3,7 % en 2001 et de 4,0 % en 2002. (who.int)
  • This article seeks to evaluate the concept and caries risk factors as well as the scientific evidence about the CRA systems/guidelines described more frequently in the international literature. (bvsalud.org)
  • This, in turn, affects the excitability of the nervous system. (medscape.com)
  • The posterior pituitary is controlled by the nervous system. (medscape.com)
  • Microorganisms: Bacterial agents constitute a real challenge for water purification systems. (eurotherm.com)
  • Unabsorbed bile salts stimulate water secretion in the colon, causing diarrhea. (msdmanuals.com)
  • All together, these areas contribute towards a better understanding of how Gram-negative bacterial pathogens interact with each other and with the host organism to proliferate and cause disease. (dundee.ac.uk)
  • Assembly of the rod, hook and filament requires the action of the secretion apparatus, which transports the needed subunits into a central channel through the structure that conducts them to their site of incorporation at the tip ( Fig. 1 ). (nature.com)
  • The effectiveness of the systems vary widely, depending on the number and type of factors/ risk indicators studied, clinical indicators of the disease assessed 8 , as well as the heterogeneity of populations studied, study design and analysis of data 9 . (bvsalud.org)
  • Bacterial overgrowth results in deconjugation and dehydroxylation of bile salts, limiting the absorption of fats. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Wait until Abx Tx complete to administer live bacterial vaccine. (medscape.com)