Chromatophores
The large pigment cells of fish, amphibia, reptiles and many invertebrates which actively disperse and aggregate their pigment granules. These cells include MELANOPHORES, erythrophores, xanthophores, leucophores and iridiophores. (In algae, chromatophores refer to CHLOROPLASTS. In phototrophic bacteria chromatophores refer to membranous organelles (BACTERIAL CHROMATOPHORES).)
Bacterial Chromatophores
Rhodospirillum rubrum
Rhodospirillum
Rhodopseudomonas
Photophosphorylation
Rhodobacter sphaeroides
Sepia
Chromatium
Melanophores
Chromatophores (large pigment cells of fish, amphibia, reptiles and many invertebrates) which contain melanin. Short term color changes are brought about by an active redistribution of the melanophores pigment containing organelles (MELANOSOMES). Mammals do not have melanophores; however they have retained smaller pigment cells known as MELANOCYTES.
The structure of chromatophores from purple photosynthetic bacteria fused with lipid-impregnated collodion films determined by near-field scanning optical microscopy. (1/166)
Lipid-impregnated collodion (nitrocellulose) films have been frequently used as a fusion substrate in the measurement and analysis of electrogenic activity in biological membranes and proteoliposomes. While the method of fusion of biological membranes or proteoliposomes with such films has found a wide application, little is known about the structures formed after the fusion. Yet, knowledge of this structure is important for the interpretation of the measured electric potential. To characterize structures formed after fusion of membrane vesicles (chromatophores) from the purple bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides with lipid-impregnated collodion films, we used near-field scanning optical microscopy. It is shown here that structures formed from chromatophores on the collodion film can be distinguished from the lipid-impregnated background by measuring the fluorescence originating either from endogenous fluorophores of the chromatophores or from fluorescent dyes trapped inside the chromatophores. The structures formed after fusion of chromatophores to the collodion film look like isolated (or sometimes aggregated, depending on the conditions) blisters, with diameters ranging from 0.3 to 10 microm (average approximately 1 microm) and heights from 0.01 to 1 microm (average approximately 0.03 microm). These large sizes indicate that the blisters are formed by the fusion of many chromatophores. Results with dyes trapped inside chromatophores reveal that chromatophores fused with lipid-impregnated films retain a distinct internal water phase. (+info)Escape probability and trapping mechanism in purple bacteria: revisited. (2/166)
Despite intensive research for decades, the trapping mechanism in the core complex of purple bacteria is still under discussion. In this article, it is attempted to derive a conceptionally simple model that is consistent with all basic experimental observations and that allows definite conclusions on the trapping mechanism. Some experimental data reported in the literature are conflicting or incomplete. Therefore we repeated two already published experiments like the time-resolved fluorescence decay in LH1-only purple bacteria Rhodospirillum rubrum and Rhodopseudomonas viridis chromatophores with open and closed (Q(A)(-)) reaction centers. Furthermore, we measured fluorescence excitation spectra for both species under the two redox-conditions. These data, all measured at room temperature, were analyzed by a target analysis based on a three-state model (antenna, primary donor, and radical pair). All states were allowed to react reversibly and their decay channels were taken into consideration. This leads to seven rate constants to be determined. It turns out that a unique set of numerical values of these rate constants can be found, when further experimental constraints are met simultaneously, i.e. the ratio of the fluorescence yields in the open and closed (Q(A)(-)) states F(m)/F(o) approximately 2 and the P(+)H(-)-recombination kinetics of 3-6 ns. The model allows to define and to quantify escape probabilities and the transfer equilibrium. We conclude that trapping in LH1-only purple bacteria is largely transfer-to-the-trap-limited. Furthermore, the model predicts properties of the reaction center (RC) in its native LH1-environment. Within the framework of our model, the predicted P(+)H(-)-recombination kinetics are nearly indistinguishable for a hypothetically isolated RC and an antenna-RC complex, which is in contrast to published experimental data for physically isolated RCs. Therefore RC preparations may display modified kinetic properties. (+info)Reduction and protonation of the secondary quinone acceptor of Rhodobacter sphaeroides photosynthetic reaction center: kinetic model based on a comparison of wild-type chromatophores with mutants carrying Arg-->Ile substitution at sites 207 and 217 in the L-subunit. (3/166)
After the light-induced charge separation in the photosynthetic reaction center (RC) of Rhodobacter sphaeroides, the electron reaches, via the tightly bound ubiquinone QA, the loosely bound ubiquinone Q(B) After two subsequent flashes of light, Q(B) is reduced to ubiquinol Q(B)H2, with a semiquinone anion Q-(B) formed as an intermediate after the first flash. We studied Q(B)H2 formation in chromatophores from Rb. sphaeroides mutants that carried Arg-->Ile substitution at sites 207 and 217 in the L-subunit. While Arg-L207 is 17 A away from Q(B), Arg-L217 is closer (9 A) and contacts the Q(B)-binding pocket. From the pH dependence of the charge recombination in the RC after the first flash, we estimated deltaG(AB), the free energy difference between the Q-(A)Q(B) and Q(A)Q-(B) states, and pK212, the apparent pK of Glu-L212, a residue that is only 4 A away from Q(B). As expected, the replacement of positively charged arginines by neutral isoleucines destabilized the Q-(B) state in the L217RI mutant to a larger extent than in the L207RI one. Also as expected, pK212 increased by approximately 0.4 pH units in the L207RI mutant. The value of pK212 in the L217RI mutant decreased by 0.3 pH units, contrary to expectations. The rate of the Q-(A)Q-(B)-->Q(A)Q(B)H2 transition upon the second flash, as monitored by electrometry via the accompanying changes in the membrane potential, was two times faster in the L207RI mutant than in the wild-type, but remained essentially unchanged in the L217RI mutant. To rationalize these findings, we developed and analyzed a kinetic model of the Q-(A)Q-(B)-->Q(A)Q(B)H2 transition. The model properly described the available experimental data and provided a set of quantitative kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of the Q(B) turnover. The non-electrostatic, 'chemical' affinity of the QB site to protons proved to be as important for the attracting protons from the bulk, as the appropriate electrostatic potential. The mutation-caused changes in the chemical proton affinity could be estimated from the difference between the experimentally established pK2J2 shifts and the expected changes in the electrostatic potential at Glu-L212, calculable from the X-ray structure of the RC. Based on functional studies, structural data and kinetic modeling, we suggest a mechanistic scheme of the QB turnover. The detachment of the formed ubiquinol from its proximal position next to Glu-L212 is considered as the rate-limiting step of the reaction cycle. (+info)DCCD inhibits the reactions of the iron-sulfur protein in Rhodobacter sphaeroides chromatophores. (4/166)
N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD) has been reported to inhibit proton translocation by cytochrome bc(1) and b(6)f complexes without significantly altering the rate of electron transport, a process referred to as decoupling. To understand the possible role of DCCD in inhibiting the protonogenic reactions of cytochrome bc(1) complex, we investigated the effect of DCCD modification on flash-induced electron transport and electrochromic bandshift of carotenoids in Rb. sphaeroides chromatophores. DCCD has two distinct effects on phase III of the electrochromic bandshift of carotenoids reflecting the electrogenic reactions of the bc(1) complex. At low concentrations, DCCD increases the magnitude of the electrogenic process because of a decrease in the permeability of the membrane, probably through inhibition of F(o)F(1). At higher concentrations (>150 microM), DCCD slows the development of phase III of the electrochromic shift from about 3 ms in control preparations to about 23 ms at 1.2 mM DCCD, without significantly changing the amplitude. DCCD treatment of chromatophores also slows down the kinetics of flash-induced reduction of both cytochromes b and c, from 1.5-2 ms in control preparations to 8-10 ms at 0.8 mM DCCD. Parallel slowing of the reduction of both cytochromes indicates that DCCD treatment modifies the reaction of QH(2) oxidation at the Q(o) site. Despite the similarity in the kinetics of both cytochromes, the onset of cytochrome c re-reduction is delayed 1-2 ms in comparison to cytochrome b reduction, indicating that DCCD inhibits the delivery of electrons from quinol to heme c(1). We conclude that DCCD treatment of chromatophores leads to modification of the rate of Q(o)H(2) oxidation by the iron-sulfur protein (ISP) as well as the donation of electrons from ISP to c(1), and we discuss the results in the context of the movement of ISP between the Q(o) site and cytochrome c(1). (+info)Fusion of chromatophores from photosynthetic bacteria with a supported lipid layer: characterization of the electric units. (5/166)
Direct electrometric measurements of membrane potential changes are a valuable tool for study of vectorial transfer of electrons, protons, and ions. Commonly model membrane systems are created by fusion of lipid/protein vesicles with lipid-coated thin films. We characterized the electric units resulting from this process using chromatophores from the purple bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides and either a Mylar film or a planar modified gold electrode as support. Investigation of the shunting activity of the ionophore gramicidin on the flash-induced potential change demonstrates fusion of individual chromatophores to form independent 'blisters', which preserve an interior aqueous compartment. Under current-clamp conditions the photovoltage follows the change of the membrane potential of the individual blisters. (+info)Electrogenic proton transfer in Rhodobacter sphaeroides reaction centers: effect of coenzyme Q(10) substitution by decylubiquinone in the Q(B) binding site. (6/166)
An electrometric technique was used to investigate the effect of coenzyme Q(10) (UQ), substitution by decylubiquinone (dQ) at the Q(B) binding site of reaction centers (UQ-RC and dQ-RC, respectively) on the electrogenic proton transfer kinetics upon Q(B) reduction in Rhodobacter sphaeroides chromatophores. Unlike dQ-RC, the kinetics of the second flash-induced proton uptake in UQ-RC clearly deviated from the mono-exponential one. The activation energy (about 30 kJ/mol) and the pH profile of the kinetics in dQ-RC were similar to those in UQ-RC, with the power law approximation used in the latter case. The interpretation of the data presumed the quinone translocation between the two binding positions within the Q(B) site. It is proposed that the native isoprenyl side chain (in contrast to decyl chain) favors the equilibrium binding of neutral quinone at the redox-active 'proximal' position, but causes a higher barrier for the hydroquinone movement from 'proximal' to 'distal' position. (+info)Changes in the acyl lipid composition of photosynthetic bacteria grown under photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic conditions. (7/166)
The acyl lipids and their constituent fatty acids were studied in the photosynthetic bacteria Rhodospirillum rubrum, Rhodopseudomonas capsulata and Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides, which were grown under photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic conditions. The major lipids were found to be phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin in each bacterium. The two Rhodopseudomonas species also contained significant quantities of phosphatidylcholine. Other acyl lipids accounted for less than 10% of the total. On changing growth conditions from non-photosynthetic to photosynthetic a large increase in the relative proportion of phosphatidylglycerol was seen at the expense of phosphatidyl-ethanolamine. In Rhodospirillum rubrum the fatty acids of the major phospholipids showed an increase in the proportion of palmitate and stearate and a decrease in palmitoleate and vaccenate on changing growth conditions to photosynthetic. In contrast, the exceptionally high levels (>80%) of vaccenate in individual phospholipids of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata and Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides were unaffected by changing growth conditions to photosynthetic. Analysis of the lipids of chromatophores, isolated from the three bacteria, showed that these preparations were enriched in phosphatidylglycerol. The large increase in this phospholipid, seen during growth under photosynthetic conditions, appeared, therefore, to be due to a proliferation of chromatophore membranes. Possible roles for acyl lipids in the formation and function of the photosynthetic apparatus of bacteria are discussed. (+info)Coupling of proton flow to ATP synthesis in Rhodobacter capsulatus: F(0)F(1)-ATP synthase is absent from about half of chromatophores. (8/166)
F(0)F(1)-ATP synthase (H(+)-ATP synthase, F(0)F(1)) utilizes the transmembrane protonmotive force to catalyze the formation of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate (P(i)). Structurally the enzyme consists of a membrane-embedded proton-translocating F(0) portion and a protruding hydrophilic F(1) part that catalyzes the synthesis of ATP. In photosynthetic purple bacteria a single turnover of the photosynthetic reaction centers (driven by a short saturating flash of light) generates protonmotive force that is sufficiently large to drive ATP synthesis. Using isolated chromatophore vesicles of Rhodobacter capsulatus, we monitored the flash induced ATP synthesis (by chemoluminescence of luciferin/luciferase) in parallel to the transmembrane charge transfer through F(0)F(1) (by following the decay of electrochromic bandshifts of intrinsic carotenoids). With the help of specific inhibitors of F(1) (efrapeptin) and of F(0) (venturicidin), we decomposed the kinetics of the total proton flow through F(0)F(1) into (i) those coupled to the ATP synthesis and (ii) the de-coupled proton escape through F(0). Taking the coupled proton flow, we calculated the H(+)/ATP ratio; it was found to be 3.3+/-0.6 at a large driving force (after one saturating flash of light) but to increase up to 5.1+/-0.9 at a smaller driving force (after a half-saturating flash). From the results obtained, we conclude that our routine chromatophore preparations contained three subsets of chromatophore vesicles. Chromatophores with coupled F(0)F(1) dominated in fresh material. Freezing/thawing or pre-illumination in the absence of ADP and P(i) led to an increase in the fraction of chromatophores with at least one de-coupled F(0)(F(1)). The disclosed fraction of chromatophores that lacked proton-conducting F(0)(F(1)) (approx. 40% of the total amount) remained constant upon these treatments. (+info)
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List of MeSH codes (A11)
... bacterial chromatophores MeSH A11.284.430.214.190.875.117 - cell nucleus MeSH A11.284.430.214.190.875.117.550 - macronucleus ... bacterial MeSH A11.284.187.190.170 - chromosomes, artificial, bacterial MeSH A11.284.187.360 - chromosomes, fungal MeSH A11.284 ... bacterial MeSH A11.284.180.290 - flagella MeSH A11.284.180.290.835 - sperm tail MeSH A11.284.180.565 - microvilli MeSH A11.284. ... bacterial MeSH A11.284.187.178.190 - chromosomes, artificial, mammalian MeSH A11.284.187.178.190.117 - chromosomes, artificial ...
Bacterial cell structure
Chromatophores are intracellular membranes found in phototrophic bacteria. Used primarily for photosynthesis, they contain ... Bacterial DNA can be located in two places: Bacterial chromosome, located in the irregularly shaped region known as the ... Flagella are whip-like structures protruding from the bacterial cell wall and are responsible for bacterial motility (movement ... the bacterial DNA is not enclosed inside of a membrane-bound nucleus but instead resides inside the bacterial cytoplasm. This ...
Chromatophore (bacteria)
Salton, MR (1987). "Bacterial membrane proteins". Microbiological sciences. 4 (4): 100-5. PMID 3153178. Frigaard, NU; Bryant, ... Chromatophores contain bacteriochlorophyll pigments and carotenoids. In purple bacteria, such as Rhodospirillum rubrum, the ... In some forms of photosynthetic bacteria, a chromatophore is a coloured, membrane-associated vesicle used to perform ... light-harvesting proteins are intrinsic to the chromatophore membranes. However, in green sulfur bacteria, they are arranged in ...
Cephalopod
These may include iridophores, leucophores, chromatophores and (in some species) photophores. Chromatophores are colored ... The bioluminescence is produced by bacterial symbionts; the host cephalopod is able to detect the light produced by these ... Cephalopods can use chromatophores like a muscle, which is why they can change their skin hue as rapidly as they do. Coloration ... When camouflaging themselves, they use their chromatophores to change brightness and pattern according to the background they ...
Fish anatomy
In fish, however, the colour of the skin are largely due to chromatophores in the dermis, which, in addition to melanin, may ... This aids in insulation and protection from bacterial infection. The skin colour of many mammals are often due to melanin found ... Many species, such as flounders, change the colour of their skin by adjusting the relative size of their chromatophores. Some ...
Rhodobacter sphaeroides
Bacterial small RNAs have been identified as components of many regulatory networks. Twenty sRNAs were experimentally ... These invaginations are also known as chromatophores. The genome of R. sphaeroides is also somewhat intriguing. It has two ... Rhodobacter sphaeroides is one of the most pivotal organisms in the study of bacterial photosynthesis. It requires no unusual ... Mank, Nils N.; Berghoff, Bork A.; Hermanns, Yannick N.; Klug, Gabriele (2012-10-02). "Regulation of bacterial photosynthesis ...
Symbiogenesis
... and bacterial cell membranes; that cardiolipin is found only in the inner mitochondrial membrane and bacterial cell membranes; ... revealed that chromatophores had undergone a drastic genome shrinkage. Chromatophores contained genes that were accountable for ... Thus, these chromatophores were found to be non-functional for organelle-specific purposes when compared with mitochondria and ... Ford Doolittle, W (1998-12-01). "You are what you eat: a gene transfer ratchet could account for bacterial genes in eukaryotic ...
Organelle
Purple bacteria have "chromatophores", which are reaction centers found in invaginations of the cell membrane. Green sulfur ... The bacterial phylum Planctomycetota has revealed a number of compartmentalization features. The Planctomycetota cell plan ... Ryter A (January-February 1988). "Contribution of new cryomethods to a better knowledge of bacterial anatomy". Annales de ... While prokaryotes do not possess eukaryotic organelles, some do contain protein-shelled bacterial microcompartments, which are ...
Leech
Some rhynchobdellids have the ability to change colour dramatically by moving pigment in chromatophore cells; this process is ... Non-bloodsucking leeches, such as Erpobdella octoculata, are host to morew bacterial symbionts. In addition, leeches produce ... In Hirudo medicinalis, these supplementary factors are produced by an obligatory mutualistic relationship with the bacterial ...
Ichthyosaur
However, these remains are not impressions per se, but outlines formed from bacterial growth. In one case, a true impression of ... Other chromatophore structures (such as iridiophores, xanthophores, and erythrophores) affect coloration in extant reptiles but ... Unique conditions permitted the preservation of these outlines, which probably consist of bacterial mats, not the remains of ... Other researchers noted that, while the outlines might have been sharpened and smoothed by preparers because fossil bacterial ...
Bio-inspired photonics
These chromatophores are activated by neuronal activity, so an animal can change its color just by thinking about it. The ... Since the existence of silver nanoparticles prevent bacterial adhesion (there is already bacteria existing in the hydrogel) it ... The mechanisms behind these tactics are called chromatophores, which are pigment-filled sacs that uses muscles and nerves to ... before turning on their chromatophores to accurately camouflage to their circumstances. A lot of creatures have camouflage ...
Biological pigment
Chromatophores are color pigment changing cells that are directly stimulated by central motor neurons. They are primarily used ... Narsing Rao MP, Xiao M, Li WJ (2017). "Fungal and Bacterial Pigments: Secondary Metabolites with Wide Applications". Frontiers ... Chromatophores contract and contain vesicles that stores three different liquid pigments. Each color is indicated by the three ... The process of changing the color pigment of their skin relies on a single highly developed chromatophore cell and many muscles ...
Skin
Instead, the color of the skin is largely due to chromatophores in the dermis, which, in addition to melanin, may contain ... even anti-bacterial/viral properties for protection against pathogens. The ducts of the mucous gland appear as cylindrical ... chameleons and flounders may be able to change the color of their skin by adjusting the relative size of their chromatophores. ...
Klaus Schulten
Schulten's team modeled the structure and function of a Purple bacteria's chromatophore, one of the simplest living examples of ... transfer and spin exchange contributing to the magnetic field dependence of the primary photochemical reaction of bacterial ...
Trebouxia
... is divided into two groups based on shape of vegetative cells and nature of chromatophore. In the first group, ... doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1984.tb03611.x Honegger, R. (2018). Fossil lichens from the Lower Devonian and their bacterial and ... The zoospores are flattened cells that contain a cup- shaped green chromatophore and two flagella of equal length arising from ... The cell division of Trebouxia occurs by the cleavage of the chromatophore into two equal halves followed by the pyrenoid ...
Taura syndrome
Bacterial shell disease was first described in Penaeus and Callinectes sapidus by Cook and Lofton (1973). Hasson, KW; Lightner ... a red tail due to the expansion of the red chromatophores. Mortality during this phase can be as high as 95%. The acute phase ... such as bacterial shell disease. In general pathognomonic histopathological lesions are the first step in confirmatory ...
Lichenology
Antibacterial action of substances produced by lichens is related to their ability to disrupt bacterial proteins with a ... "Nature and Origin of Chromatophores in the Plant Kingdom". These new ideas can be studied today under the title of the Theory ... subsequent loss of bacterial metabolic capacity. This is possible due to the action of lichen phenolics such as usnic acid ... antibacterial action was identified in extracts of Cetraria islandica and the compounds identified as responsible for bacterial ...
Chloroplast
Chromatophores cannot survive outside their host. Chromatophore DNA is about a million base pairs long, containing around 850 ... While similar to bacterial ribosomes, chloroplast translation is more complex than in bacteria, so chloroplast ribosomes ... Chromatophores have transferred much less of their DNA to the nucleus of their host. About 0.3-0.8% of the nuclear DNA in ... The ribosomes in chloroplasts are similar to bacterial ribosomes. Because so many chloroplast genes have been moved to the ...
Squid
Controllable chromatophores of different colours in the skin of a squid allow it to change its coloration and patterns rapidly ... Approximately 95% of the bacteria are voided each morning before the bacterial population builds up again by nightfall. Squid ... Prototype chromatophores that mimic the squid's adaptive camouflage have been made by Bristol University researchers using an ... The skin is covered in controllable chromatophores of different colours, enabling the squid to match its coloration to its ...
Cyanobacteria
For bacterial transformation to take place, the recipient bacteria must be in a state of competence, which may occur in nature ... Nowack EC, Melkonian M, Glöckner G (March 2008). "Chromatophore genome sequence of Paulinella sheds light on acquisition of ... Circadian rhythms were once thought to only exist in eukaryotic cells but many cyanobacteria display a bacterial circadian ... Claessen, Dennis; Rozen, Daniel E.; Kuipers, Oscar P.; Søgaard-Andersen, Lotte; Van Wezel, Gilles P. (2014). "Bacterial ...
Alpine salamander
Pigmentation is determined by presentation of specific color-producing cells, called chromatophores, which absorb and/or ... they may have antimicrobial properties that protect them against bacterial and fungal infections. Salamandorone is another ...
Purple sulfur bacteria
Plasma membrane and chromatophore (lamellar membrane complexes that are continuous with the plasma membrane) Photosynthetic ... http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1472-765X.2009.02683.x/epdf "Induction of Purple Sulfur Bacterial Growth in Dairy ...
List of sequenced plastomes
Nowack EC, Melkonian M, Glöckner G (March 2008). "Chromatophore genome sequence of Paulinella sheds light on acquisition of ... compact genomes and genes of bacterial origin". BMC Genomics. 16 (1): 204. doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1418-3. PMC 4487195. PMID ... List of sequenced eukaryotic genomes List of sequenced bacterial genomes List of sequenced archaeal genomes Genome skimming ...
List of skin conditions
ISBN 978-0-8151-3762-7. Stulberg DL, Penrod MA, Blatny RA (2002). "Common bacterial skin infections". Am Fam Physician. 66 (1 ... chromatophore nevus of Naegeli) Netherton syndrome Neurofibromatosis type 1 (von Recklinghausen's disease) Neurofibromatosis ...
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Coordinated Regulation Of Chromatophore Differentiation And Melanogenesis During The Ontogeny Of Skin Pigmentation Of Solea ... Physical Proximity May Promote Lateral Acquisition Of Bacterial Symbionts In Vesicomyid Clams. ». Plos One 8 (7): e64830. doi: ... A Tale Of Two Chitons: Is Habitat Specialisation Linked To Distinct Associated Bacterial Communities? ». Fems Microbiol Ecol 83 ...
Mitochondria | Profiles RNS
Bacterial Chromatophores. *Cell Nucleus. *Cytoplasmic Vesicles. *Endoplasmic Reticulum. *Golgi Apparatus. *Lipid Droplets ...
Chromatophore (bacteria) - Wikipedia
Salton, MR (1987). "Bacterial membrane proteins". Microbiological sciences. 4 (4): 100-5. PMID 3153178. Frigaard, NU; Bryant, ... Chromatophores contain bacteriochlorophyll pigments and carotenoids. In purple bacteria, such as Rhodospirillum rubrum, the ... In some forms of photosynthetic bacteria, a chromatophore is a coloured, membrane-associated vesicle used to perform ... light-harvesting proteins are intrinsic to the chromatophore membranes. However, in green sulfur bacteria, they are arranged in ...
Direct Imaging of Protein Organization in an Intact Bacterial Organelle Using High-Resolution Atomic Force Microscopy - White...
... chromatophores. Despite the highly curved nature of the chromatophore membrane and lack of direct support, the resolution was ... ATP-synthase (ATPase); chromatophores; high-speed AFM; light-harvesting 2 (LH2); native curved membranes; RC-LH1-PufX; ... Direct Imaging of Protein Organization in an Intact Bacterial Organelle Using High-Resolution Atomic Force Microscopy ... 4 more authors) (2016) Direct Imaging of Protein Organization in an Intact Bacterial Organelle Using High-Resolution Atomic ...
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Symbiogenesis - Wikipedia
... and bacterial cell membranes; that cardiolipin is found only in the inner mitochondrial membrane and bacterial cell membranes; ... revealed that chromatophores had undergone a drastic genome shrinkage. Chromatophores contained genes that were accountable for ... Angomonas deanei, a protozoan that harbours an obligate bacterial symbiont. *Hatena arenicola, a species that appears to be in ... Thus, these chromatophores were found to be non-functional for organelle-specific purposes when compared with mitochondria and ...
Janine Trempy | Department of Microbiology | Oregon State University
Fundamental Bacterial Genetics. Blackwell Publisher, NY ISBN 0-632-04448-9. Ream, W, B. Geller, J.E. Trempy, and K. Fields. ... Conservation of the chromatophore pigment response. J. of Applied Toxicology. 6:574-581. ... Potential of the melanophore pigment response for detection of bacterial toxicity. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 24: ...
Bacterial Capsules | Profiles RNS
Bacterial Structures. *Bacterial Capsules. *Bacterial Chromatophores. *Chromosomes, Bacterial. *Fimbriae, Bacterial. * ... "Bacterial Capsules" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical ... This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Bacterial Capsules" by people in UAMS Profiles by year, and ... An envelope of loose gel surrounding a bacterial cell which is associated with the virulence of pathogenic bacteria. Some ...
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2010). Bacterial Na+-translocating ferredoxin:NAD+ oxidoreductase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 107: 18138-18142. 20921383 ... These proteins are peripheral proteins of the R. capsulatus chromatophore membrane. RnfC has the putative NADH-binding site of ... electron transport complex encoded by many bacterial and some archaeal genomes. Fno is a unique type of primary Na+ pump and ... electron transport complex encoded by many bacterial and some archaeal genomes. Fno is a unique type of primary Na+ pump. ...
Cell The Unit of Life Class 11 Notes Biology Chapter 8 - CBSE Tuts
Components of a Prokaryotic (Bacterial) Cell. A bacterial cell is composed of various components as genetic material, cell ... Chromatophores. They are another membranous structures present in some prokaryotes like cyanobacteria, etc.. They are internal ... The bacterial flagellum is differentiated into the following three parts. (i) Filament, the longest portion, extending from the ... Cell envelope is the outermost covering of protoplasm of the bacterial cell. It is known to protect the cell from mechanical ...
Cryptomonas
Bio2Vec
The native architecture of a photosynthetic membrane | Nature
Here we show the use of atomic force microscopy to directly reveal a native bacterial photosynthetic membrane. This first view ... The long-range supraorganization of the bacterial photosynthetic unit: A key role for PufX. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 97, 5197- ... Feniouk, B. A., Cherepanov, D. A., Voskoboynikova, N. E., Mulkidjanian, A. Y. & Junge, W. Chromatophore vesicles of Rhodobacter ... Here we show the use of atomic force microscopy to directly reveal a native bacterial photosynthetic membrane. This first view ...
Biblio | College of Agricultural Sciences | Oregon State University
11??-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase
1) [20]. Open in a separate window Number 1 Putative amino acid residues involved in binding Zn2+ to bacterial cyt of cyt and ... chromatophores suspended at 40 M Bchl. metallic binding site is located in the cytoplasmic surface and is created of His and ... On the basis of EXAFS and superimposition of the 3D constructions of bacterial cyt (numbering) and two water molecules (Fig. ... and crude bacterial lysate solutions[21]AuEE-AB: Aptamer dually modified using a thiol MGL-3196 and a redox reporter + PC- ...
Glimpse magnificent tiny wonders caught on video | Popular Science
Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C Volume 39 Issue 11-12
Intracytoplasmic membrane vesicles (chromatophores) isolated from Rhodopseudomonas capsulata cells were fused with liposomes by ... or chlorpromazine at concentrations which scarecely affected production of an extracellular nuclease as well as the bacterial ... Vesicles of lower density and higher lipid contents and larger diameter than chromatophores were obtained. Similar results were ... Respiratory and light-induced electron transport were measured in chromatophores and fused vesicles. Light-induced reaction ...
Biblio | College of Agricultural Sciences
Biblio | College of Agricultural Sciences
Articles scientifiques avant 2014 | Laboratoire de biologie des organismes et des écosystèmes aquatiques
Coordinated Regulation Of Chromatophore Differentiation And Melanogenesis During The Ontogeny Of Skin Pigmentation Of Solea ... Physical Proximity May Promote Lateral Acquisition Of Bacterial Symbionts In Vesicomyid Clams. ». Plos One 8 (7): e64830. doi: ... A Tale Of Two Chitons: Is Habitat Specialisation Linked To Distinct Associated Bacterial Communities? ». Fems Microbiol Ecol 83 ...
Biblio | College of Agricultural Sciences | Oregon State University
Coolest Betta Fish | Fish Tank Facts
Test: Biological Classification 5 - From Past 28 Years Questions | 25 Questions MCQ Test Biology 31 Years NEET Chapterwise...
Eukaryotes
Rice, D.W. and Palmer, J.D. (2006) An exceptional horizontal gene transfer in plastids: gene replacement by a distant bacterial ... Nowack, E.C., Melkonian, M. and Glockner, G. (2008) Chromatophore genome sequence of Paulinella sheds light on acquisition of ... Woese, C.R. (1987) Bacterial evolution. Microbiol. Rev., 51, 221-271.. Woese, C.R. and Fox, G.E. (1977) Phylogenetic structure ...
Members of Kingdom Protista:
1. are primarily aquatic
2. do not have membrane bound organelles
3. are all ciliated or...
Members of Kingdom Protista:
1. are primarily aquatic
2. do not have membrane bound organelles
3. are all ciliated or flagellated
4. reproduce exclusively by asexual means Biological Classification Botany Practice questions, MCQs, Past Year Questions (PYQs), NCERT Questions, Question Bank, Class 11 and Class 12 Questions, NCERT Exemplar Questions and PDF Questions with answers, solutions, explanations, NCERT reference and difficulty level
March | 2022 | Survivin Signaling
By contrast, in marine fish, these chromatophores are interspersed across the flank. In addition to spatially segregated ... and increased susceptibility to bacterial infections. Here, we addressed the hypothesis that poor antibody-mediated immune ... chromatophore differentiation, pigment amount and dispersal within melanophores varies spatially across the flank of freshwater ... from larval to juvenile stages revealed differences between marine and freshwater fish in spatial patterns of chromatophore ...
Technology of Craftsmanship - Page 90
Gut microbes are the secret behind longevity in centenarians. - Scientific ASIA
Mbev-20-09-17 1564.1574
2000). Bacterial SQR is a single polypeptide with an Single Eubacterial Origin of Eukaryotic Sulfide apparent molecular mass of ... formation of adenosine triphosphate by chromatophores from ductase genes: implications for the evolution of anaerobic ... bacterial lineages is currently quite sparse; in time, eubac- 2002). The emerging monophyly of FeS cluster assembly terial ... ratchet could account for bacterial genes in eukaryotic nuclear genomes. Trend. Genet. 14:307-311.. Lecompte, O., R. Ripp, J. C ...
Черняк Борис Викторович - пользователь, сотрудник | ИСТИНА - Интеллектуальная Система Тематического Исследования...
Photosynthetic4
- In some forms of photosynthetic bacteria, a chromatophore is a coloured, membrane-associated vesicle used to perform photosynthesis. (wikipedia.org)
- Using this approach, we have imaged the membrane organization of intact vesicular bacterial photosynthetic "organelles", chromatophores. (whiterose.ac.uk)
- Here we show the use of atomic force microscopy to directly reveal a native bacterial photosynthetic membrane. (nature.com)
- Some species of Ceratium are red to brown in color due to photosynthetic chromatophores in their cytosol. (ontogenie.com)
Membrane3
- Despite the highly curved nature of the chromatophore membrane and lack of direct support, the resolution was sufficient to identify the photosystem complexes and quantify their arrangement in the native state. (whiterose.ac.uk)
- These proteins are peripheral proteins of the R. capsulatus chromatophore membrane. (tcdb.org)
- Results from inhibitor studies are consistent with the hypothesis that Fno activity coupled to Na + translocation is catalyzed by the Rnf complex, a membrane-bound, iron-sulfur and flavin-containing electron transport complex encoded by many bacterial and some archaeal genomes. (tcdb.org)
Atomic Force Micr1
- Flexibility and size heterogeneity of the LH1 light harvesting complex revealed by atomic force microscopy: functional significance for bacterial photosynthesis. (nature.com)
Membranes1
- In purple bacteria, such as Rhodospirillum rubrum, the light-harvesting proteins are intrinsic to the chromatophore membranes. (wikipedia.org)
Pigment3
- 2010. Potential of the melanophore pigment response for detection of bacterial toxicity. (oregonstate.edu)
- 2010. Conservation of the chromatophore pigment response. (oregonstate.edu)
- The chromatophores, or pigment cells, on a longfin inshore squid "bubble. (popsci.com)
Cell3
- An envelope of loose gel surrounding a bacterial cell which is associated with the virulence of pathogenic bacteria. (uams.edu)
- This reaction is probably driven by the flow of H + or Na + down the ion electrochemical gradient from the outside to the inside of the bacterial cell. (tcdb.org)
- Fischer has further established the fact that the peripheral mass, which is a hollow sphere in spherical cells, and either a hollow cylinder or barrel-shaped body in filamentous forms, must be regarded as the single chromatophore of the Cyanophyceous cell. (yourdictionary.com)
Nature1
- σύν syn "together", βίος bios "life", and γένεσις genesis "origin, birth") in his 1905 work, The nature and origins of chromatophores in the plant kingdom , and then elaborated it in his 1910 The Theory of Two Plasms as the Basis of Symbiogenesis, a New Study of the Origins of Organisms . (wikipedia.org)
Type1
- Cryptomonas definition is - the type genus of Cryptomonadidae comprising small elliptical freshwater protozoans with two chromatophores. (firebaseapp.com)
BACTERIA4
- In phototrophic bacteria chromatophores refer to membranous organelles (BACTERIAL CHROMATOPHORES). (bvsalud.org)
- 10. Which of these bacteria have chromatophores? (livemcqs.com)
- Chromatophores are pigment containing membranous extensions in the cytoplasm of bacteria. (livemcqs.com)
- Gene transfers from diverse bacteria compensate for reductive genome evolution in the chromatophore of Paulinella chromatophora. (avcr.cz)
Photophosphorylation2
- The principle of the dual inhibitor titration method for testing models of electron-transport phosphorylation is outlined, and the method is applied to the study of photophosphorylation in bacterial chromatophores. (nih.gov)
- effect of ferredoxin on bacterial photophosphorylation. (liverpool.ac.uk)
Membranes3
- Bacterial photosynthetic membranes, also known as chromatophores, are tightly packed with integral membrane proteins that work together to carry out photosynthesis. (illinois.edu)
- 5. In conflict with this conclusion, the reduction of acetylpyridine adenine dinucleotide (AcPdAD+) by NADH in the absence of NADP+ by bacterial membranes was earlier taken as evidence for the existence of a reduced enzyme intermediate [Fisher, R. R. & Earle, S. R. (1982) The pyridine nucleotide coenzymes, pp. 279-324, Academic Press, New York]. (dundee.ac.uk)
- However, it is shown here that although chromatophore membranes of Rb. (dundee.ac.uk)
Recombination1
- The emergence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases has threatened the empirical use of cephalosporins and ciprofloxacin.8,9 Microorganisms use various mechanisms to develop drug resistance, such as recombination of foreign DNA in bacterial chromosome , horizontal gene transfer and altera- tion in genetic material.10 Resistance pattern of mi- croorganisms vary from country to country, state to state, large hospital to small hospital and hospital to community. (thefreedictionary.com)
Genome2
- A unique feature of phage P1 is that during lysogeny its genome is not incorporated into the bacterial chromosome as is commonly observed during lysogeny bo other bacteriophage. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Restriction enzymes that can split the bacterial chromosome in a limited number of fragments (1 to 20) are required for the physical analysis of a genome (24). (thefreedictionary.com)
Tightly1
- Bacterial have a tightly bound three - layered cell envelope. (livemcqs.com)
Complexes2
- Through recent computational modeling and simulation, it has been demonstrated that the light-harvesting complexes abundant in chromatophores induce local membrane curvature via multiple mechanisms. (illinois.edu)
- These protein complexes assemble to generate a global curvature and sculpt the chromatophores into various cellular-scale architectures. (illinois.edu)
Genes4
- To test whether these 300 or so genes alone can sustain life, Venter and his colleagues have contemplated making an artificial bacterial chromosome containing only those genes. (thefreedictionary.com)
- 2014. Eye-specification genes in the bacterial light organ of the bobtail squid Euprymna scolopes and their expression in response to symbiont cues . (ucsb.edu)
- 2015. Eye-independent, light-activated chromatophore expansion (LACE) and expression of phototransduction genes in the skin of Octopus bimaculoides . (ucsb.edu)
- It is no longer debatable that viral, bacterial, and archaeal genomes have been forged by foreign genes for several billion years. (avcr.cz)
Plasmid2
- The washers (representing plasmid DNA molecules), twine (representing the bacterial chromosome of E. (thefreedictionary.com)
- 5. What is the shape of a bacterial plasmid? (livemcqs.com)
Cells3
- These tetras have cells under their skin called chromatophores which contain red, yellow, and orange pigments. (tetra-fish-care.com)
- Briefly, 100 ml NSS-washed overnight grown bacterial cells were resuspended in 10 ml of ultrapure water for 20 min to cause osmotic shock and centrifuged (10,000 × g, 5°C, 10 min) to collect the periplasmic fraction (the supernatant). (smadsignaling.com)
- The cells are generally uninucleate and vacuolated containing numerous brown chromatophores which are called phaeoplasts. (siteprofissional.com)
Protein2
- Minamino T, Imada K, Namba K. Mechanisms of type III protein export for bacterial flagellar assembly. (labome.org)
- spherical, tubular, and lamellar chromatophores have all been observed in different bacterial species, or with different protein constituents. (illinois.edu)
Infections2
- When parasitic or bacterial infections are on Cardinal Tetras, their scales start to separate due to the damage. (tetra-fish-care.com)
- brand names include: Septra / Ciplin / Septrin) is a combination of two antibiotics (trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole) used to treat a wide variety of bacterial infections. (medsone.us)
Bound1
- fluorescence change of auramine o bound to chromatophores of rhodospirillum rubrum--analysis in connection to ionic environment and ion transport. (liverpool.ac.uk)
Color2
- When a fish does not eat, the chromatophores in its skin lose color. (tetra-fish-care.com)
- They have much brighter highlights along their many crests, and darker patterns that shift and flash with the color and shape of the chromatophores within their skin. (galactic-citizen.com)
Numerous1
- pylori is the consequence of mutations located on the bacterial chromosome .45 However genetic exchanges seem to be numerous between different strains of H. (thefreedictionary.com)
Small1
- Plasmids are extrachromosomal small circular DNA that is present in bacterial cell, apart from the genomic DNA. (livemcqs.com)