Bacteria. Medical search

One of the three domains of life (the others being Eukarya and ARCHAEA), also called Eubacteria. They are unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. Bacteria can be classified by their response to OXYGEN: aerobic, anaerobic, or facultatively anaerobic; by the mode by which they obtain their energy: chemotrophy (via chemical reaction) or PHOTOTROPHY (via light reaction); for chemotrophs by their source of chemical energy: CHEMOLITHOTROPHY (from inorganic compounds) or chemoorganotrophy (from organic compounds); and by their source for CARBON; NITROGEN; etc.; HETEROTROPHY (from organic sources) or AUTOTROPHY (from CARBON DIOXIDE). They can also be classified by whether or not they stain (based on the structure of their CELL WALLS) with CRYSTAL VIOLET dye: gram-negative or gram-positive.

Bacteria which lose crystal violet stain but are stained pink when treated by Gram's method.

Bacteria which retain the crystal violet stain when treated by Gram's method.

Constituent of 30S subunit prokaryotic ribosomes containing 1600 nucleotides and 21 proteins. 16S rRNA is involved in initiation of polypeptide synthesis.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of bacteria.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

DNA sequences encoding RIBOSOMAL RNA and the segments of DNA separating the individual ribosomal RNA genes, referred to as RIBOSOMAL SPACER DNA.

A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.

The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in water. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms.

A large group of aerobic bacteria which show up as pink (negative) when treated by the gram-staining method. This is because the cell walls of gram-negative bacteria are low in peptidoglycan and thus have low affinity for violet stain and high affinity for the pink dye safranine.

A large group of anaerobic bacteria which show up as pink (negative) when treated by the Gram-staining method.

Physiological processes and properties of BACTERIA.

The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in the soil. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms.

Substances that reduce the growth or reproduction of BACTERIA.

A group of gram-negative, anaerobic bacteria that is able to oxidize acetate completely to carbon dioxide using elemental sulfur as the electron acceptor.

The functional hereditary units of BACTERIA.

Ribonucleic acid in bacteria having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protein synthesis.

The salinated water of OCEANS AND SEAS that provides habitat for marine organisms.

Enumeration by direct count of viable, isolated bacterial, archaeal, or fungal CELLS or SPORES capable of growth on solid CULTURE MEDIA. The method is used routinely by environmental microbiologists for quantifying organisms in AIR; FOOD; and WATER; by clinicians for measuring patients' microbial load; and in antimicrobial drug testing.

Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in bacteria.

Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.

The complete absence, or (loosely) the paucity, of gaseous or dissolved elemental oxygen in a given place or environment. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

Genes, found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, which are transcribed to produce the RNA which is incorporated into RIBOSOMES. Prokaryotic rRNA genes are usually found in OPERONS dispersed throughout the GENOME, whereas eukaryotic rRNA genes are clustered, multicistronic transcriptional units.

The genetic complement of a BACTERIA as represented in its DNA.

The relationship between two different species of organisms that are interdependent; each gains benefits from the other or a relationship between different species where both of the organisms in question benefit from the presence of the other.

The relative amounts of the PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in a nucleic acid.

Elimination of ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS; PESTICIDES and other waste using living organisms, usually involving intervention of environmental or sanitation engineers.

Physicochemical property of fimbriated (FIMBRIAE, BACTERIAL) and non-fimbriated bacteria of attaching to cells, tissue, and nonbiological surfaces. It is a factor in bacterial colonization and pathogenicity.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria widely distributed in nature. Some species are pathogenic for humans, animals, and plants.

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

A family of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that do not form endospores. Its organisms are distributed worldwide with some being saprophytes and others being plant and animal parasites. Many species are of considerable economic importance due to their pathogenic effects on agriculture and livestock.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Water containing no significant amounts of salts, such as water from RIVERS and LAKES.

Techniques used in studying bacteria.

A group of the proteobacteria comprised of facultatively anaerobic and fermentative gram-negative bacteria.

Encrustations, formed from microbes (bacteria, algae, fungi, plankton, or protozoa) embedding in extracellular polymers, that adhere to surfaces such as teeth (DENTAL DEPOSITS); PROSTHESES AND IMPLANTS; and catheters. Biofilms are prevented from forming by treating surfaces with DENTIFRICES; DISINFECTANTS; ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS; and antifouling agents.

Any tests that demonstrate the relative efficacy of different chemotherapeutic agents against specific microorganisms (i.e., bacteria, fungi, viruses).

Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified.

Anaerobic degradation of GLUCOSE or other organic nutrients to gain energy in the form of ATP. End products vary depending on organisms, substrates, and enzymatic pathways. Common fermentation products include ETHANOL and LACTIC ACID.

A mass of organic or inorganic solid fragmented material, or the solid fragment itself, that comes from the weathering of rock and is carried by, suspended in, or dropped by air, water, or ice. It refers also to a mass that is accumulated by any other natural agent and that forms in layers on the earth's surface, such as sand, gravel, silt, mud, fill, or loess. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1689)

A phylum of bacteria consisting of the purple bacteria and their relatives which form a branch of the eubacterial tree. This group of predominantly gram-negative bacteria is classified based on homology of equivalent nucleotide sequences of 16S ribosomal RNA or by hybridization of ribosomal RNA or DNA with 16S and 23S ribosomal RNA.

A genus of gram-negative, anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria. Its organisms are normal inhabitants of the oral, respiratory, intestinal, and urogenital cavities of humans, animals, and insects. Some species may be pathogenic.

Life or metabolic reactions occurring in an environment containing oxygen.

Procedures for identifying types and strains of bacteria. The most frequently employed typing systems are BACTERIOPHAGE TYPING and SEROTYPING as well as bacteriocin typing and biotyping.

A species of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria commonly isolated from clinical specimens (wound, burn, and urinary tract infections). It is also found widely distributed in soil and water. P. aeruginosa is a major agent of nosocomial infection.

Potentially pathogenic bacteria found in nasal membranes, skin, hair follicles, and perineum of warm-blooded animals. They may cause a wide range of infections and intoxications.

A class in the phylum PROTEOBACTERIA comprised of chemoheterotrophs and chemoautotrophs which derive nutrients from decomposition of organic material.

Ability of a microbe to survive under given conditions. This can also be related to a colony's ability to replicate.

A genus of VIBRIONACEAE, made up of short, slightly curved, motile, gram-negative rods. Various species produce cholera and other gastrointestinal disorders as well as abortion in sheep and cattle.

A genus of gram-positive, coccoid bacteria whose organisms occur in pairs or chains. No endospores are produced. Many species exist as commensals or parasites on man or animals with some being highly pathogenic. A few species are saprophytes and occur in the natural environment.

A genus of gram-negative gliding bacteria found in SOIL; HUMUS; and FRESHWATER and marine habitats.

The degree of pathogenicity within a group or species of microorganisms or viruses as indicated by case fatality rates and/or the ability of the organism to invade the tissues of the host. The pathogenic capacity of an organism is determined by its VIRULENCE FACTORS.

The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Organic, monobasic acids derived from hydrocarbons by the equivalent of oxidation of a methyl group to an alcohol, aldehyde, and then acid. Fatty acids are saturated and unsaturated (FATTY ACIDS, UNSATURATED). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

A genus of BACILLACEAE that are spore-forming, rod-shaped cells. Most species are saprophytic soil forms with only a few species being pathogenic.

The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS.

A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).

A serotype of Salmonella enterica that is a frequent agent of Salmonella gastroenteritis in humans. It also causes PARATYPHOID FEVER.

One of the three domains of life (the others being BACTERIA and Eukarya), formerly called Archaebacteria under the taxon Bacteria, but now considered separate and distinct. They are characterized by: (1) the presence of characteristic tRNAs and ribosomal RNAs; (2) the absence of peptidoglycan cell walls; (3) the presence of ether-linked lipids built from branched-chain subunits; and (4) their occurrence in unusual habitats. While archaea resemble bacteria in morphology and genomic organization, they resemble eukarya in their method of genomic replication. The domain contains at least four kingdoms: CRENARCHAEOTA; EURYARCHAEOTA; NANOARCHAEOTA; and KORARCHAEOTA.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

A kingdom of eukaryotic, heterotrophic organisms that live parasitically as saprobes, including MUSHROOMS; YEASTS; smuts, molds, etc. They reproduce either sexually or asexually, and have life cycles that range from simple to complex. Filamentous fungi, commonly known as molds, refer to those that grow as multicellular colonies.

Excrement from the INTESTINES, containing unabsorbed solids, waste products, secretions, and BACTERIA of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.

Infections caused by bacteria that show up as pink (negative) when treated by the gram-staining method.

A natural association between organisms that is detrimental to at least one of them. This often refers to the production of chemicals by one microorganism that is harmful to another.

A genus of motile or nonmotile gram-positive bacteria of the family Clostridiaceae. Many species have been identified with some being pathogenic. They occur in water, soil, and in the intestinal tract of humans and lower animals.

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

A genus of gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria found in cavities of man and animals, animal and plant products, infections of soft tissue, and soil. Some species may be pathogenic. No endospores are produced. The genus Eubacterium should not be confused with EUBACTERIA, one of the three domains of life.

A species of gram-positive bacteria that is a common soil and water saprophyte.

The section of the alimentary canal from the STOMACH to the ANAL CANAL. It includes the LARGE INTESTINE and SMALL INTESTINE.

Class of BACTERIA with diverse morphological properties. Strains of Actinobacteria show greater than 80% 16S rDNA/rRNA sequence similarity among each other and also the presence of certain signature nucleotides. (Stackebrandt E. et al, Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. (1997) 47:479-491)

The oval-shaped oral cavity located at the apex of the digestive tract and consisting of two parts: the vestibule and the oral cavity proper.

Proteins isolated from the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.

A genus of asporogenous bacteria that is widely distributed in nature. Its organisms appear as straight to slightly curved rods and are known to be human and animal parasites and pathogens.

Measurable quantity of bacteria in an object, organism, or organism compartment.

The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.

The engulfing and degradation of microorganisms; other cells that are dead, dying, or pathogenic; and foreign particles by phagocytic cells (PHAGOCYTES).

The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in food and food products. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms: the presence of various non-pathogenic bacteria and fungi in cheeses and wines, for example, is included in this concept.

Generally refers to the digestive structures stretching from the MOUTH to ANUS, but does not include the accessory glandular organs (LIVER; BILIARY TRACT; PANCREAS).

A group of PROTEOBACTERIA represented by morphologically diverse, anaerobic sulfidogens. Some members of this group are considered bacterial predators, having bacteriolytic properties.

A group of gram-negative bacteria consisting of rod- and coccus-shaped cells. They are both aerobic (able to grow under an air atmosphere) and microaerophilic (grow better in low concentrations of oxygen) under nitrogen-fixing conditions but, when supplied with a source of fixed nitrogen, they grow as aerobes.

A species of gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria widely distributed in nature. It has been isolated from sewage, soil, silage, and from feces of healthy animals and man. Infection with this bacterium leads to encephalitis, meningitis, endocarditis, and abortion.

The outermost layer of a cell in most PLANTS; BACTERIA; FUNGI; and ALGAE. The cell wall is usually a rigid structure that lies external to the CELL MEMBRANE, and provides a protective barrier against physical or chemical agents.

A phylum of bacteria comprised of three classes: Bacteroides, Flavobacteria, and Sphingobacteria.

The naturally occurring transmission of genetic information between organisms, related or unrelated, circumventing parent-to-offspring transmission. Horizontal gene transfer may occur via a variety of naturally occurring processes such as GENETIC CONJUGATION; GENETIC TRANSDUCTION; and TRANSFECTION. It may result in a change of the recipient organism's genetic composition (TRANSFORMATION, GENETIC).

A phylum of anoxygenic, phototrophic bacteria including the family Chlorobiaceae. They occur in aquatic sediments, sulfur springs, and hot springs and utilize reduced sulfur compounds instead of oxygen.

The ability of bacteria to resist or to become tolerant to chemotherapeutic agents, antimicrobial agents, or antibiotics. This resistance may be acquired through gene mutation or foreign DNA in transmissible plasmids (R FACTORS).

The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in the air. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms.

The ability of microorganisms, especially bacteria, to resist or to become tolerant to chemotherapeutic agents, antimicrobial agents, or antibiotics. This resistance may be acquired through gene mutation or foreign DNA in transmissible plasmids (R FACTORS).

Live microbial DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS which beneficially affect the host animal by improving its intestinal microbial balance. Antibiotics and other related compounds are not included in this definition. In humans, lactobacilli are commonly used as probiotics, either as single species or in mixed culture with other bacteria. Other genera that have been used are bifidobacteria and streptococci. (J. Nutr. 1995;125:1401-12)

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

A genus of gram-negative, anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria found in cavities of humans and other animals. No endospores are formed. Some species are pathogenic and occur in various purulent or gangrenous infections.

In bacteria, a group of metabolically related genes, with a common promoter, whose transcription into a single polycistronic MESSENGER RNA is under the control of an OPERATOR REGION.

A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria widely distributed in SOIL and WATER. Its organisms are also found in raw meats, MILK and other FOOD, hospital environments, and human clinical specimens. Some species are pathogenic in humans.

An order of gram-positive, primarily aerobic BACTERIA that tend to form branching filaments.

A ubiquitous sodium salt that is commonly used to season food.

Coccus-shaped bacteria that retain the crystal violet stain when treated by Gram's method.

The study of microorganisms living in a variety of environments (air, soil, water, etc.) and their pathogenic relationship to other organisms including man.

A collective genome representative of the many organisms, primarily microorganisms, existing in a community.

A family of gram-positive bacteria found regularly in the mouth and intestinal tract of man and other animals, in food and dairy products, and in fermenting vegetable juices. A few species are highly pathogenic.

A functional system which includes the organisms of a natural community together with their environment. (McGraw Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

The class of all enzymes catalyzing oxidoreduction reactions. The substrate that is oxidized is regarded as a hydrogen donor. The systematic name is based on donor:acceptor oxidoreductase. The recommended name will be dehydrogenase, wherever this is possible; as an alternative, reductase can be used. Oxidase is only used in cases where O2 is the acceptor. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p9)

A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that utilizes citrate as a sole carbon source. It is pathogenic for humans, causing enteric fevers, gastroenteritis, and bacteremia. Food poisoning is the most common clinical manifestation. Organisms within this genus are separated on the basis of antigenic characteristics, sugar fermentation patterns, and bacteriophage susceptibility.

An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine.

The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Substances that prevent infectious agents or organisms from spreading or kill infectious agents in order to prevent the spread of infection.

A phenomenon where microorganisms communicate and coordinate their behavior by the accumulation of signaling molecules. A reaction occurs when a substance accumulates to a sufficient concentration. This is most commonly seen in bacteria.

A genus of gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic, coccoid bacteria. Its organisms occur singly, in pairs, and in tetrads and characteristically divide in more than one plane to form irregular clusters. Natural populations of Staphylococcus are found on the skin and mucous membranes of warm-blooded animals. Some species are opportunistic pathogens of humans and animals.

A genus of GRAM-NEGATIVE AEROBIC BACTERIA of marine origin. Many species were formerly classified under ALTEROMONAS.

The variety of all native living organisms and their various forms and interrelationships.

Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.

A family of gram-negative bacteria found primarily in the intestinal tracts and mucous membranes of warm-blooded animals. Its organisms are sometimes pathogenic.

The process in certain BACTERIA; FUNGI; and CYANOBACTERIA converting free atmospheric NITROGEN to biologically usable forms of nitrogen, such as AMMONIA; NITRATES; and amino compounds.

The discarding or destroying of liquid waste products or their transformation into something useful or innocuous.

A rod-shaped, gram-positive, non-acid-fast, non-spore-forming, non-motile bacterium that is a genus of the family Bifidobacteriaceae, order Bifidobacteriales, class ACTINOBACTERIA. It inhabits the intestines and feces of humans as well as the human vagina.

The study of the origin, structure, development, growth, function, genetics, and reproduction of organisms which inhabit the OCEANS AND SEAS.

Microscopy in which the object is examined directly by an electron beam scanning the specimen point-by-point. The image is constructed by detecting the products of specimen interactions that are projected above the plane of the sample, such as backscattered electrons. Although SCANNING TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY also scans the specimen point by point with the electron beam, the image is constructed by detecting the electrons, or their interaction products that are transmitted through the sample plane, so that is a form of TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY.

Widely used technique which exploits the ability of complementary sequences in single-stranded DNAs or RNAs to pair with each other to form a double helix. Hybridization can take place between two complimentary DNA sequences, between a single-stranded DNA and a complementary RNA, or between two RNA sequences. The technique is used to detect and isolate specific sequences, measure homology, or define other characteristics of one or both strands. (Kendrew, Encyclopedia of Molecular Biology, 1994, p503)

Presence of warmth or heat or a temperature notably higher than an accustomed norm.

Those components of an organism that determine its capacity to cause disease but are not required for its viability per se. Two classes have been characterized: TOXINS, BIOLOGICAL and surface adhesion molecules that effect the ability of the microorganism to invade and colonize a host. (From Davis et al., Microbiology, 4th ed. p486)

Lipid-containing polysaccharides which are endotoxins and important group-specific antigens. They are often derived from the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria and induce immunoglobulin secretion. The lipopolysaccharide molecule consists of three parts: LIPID A, core polysaccharide, and O-specific chains (O ANTIGENS). When derived from Escherichia coli, lipopolysaccharides serve as polyclonal B-cell mitogens commonly used in laboratory immunology. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

A species of nonpathogenic fluorescent bacteria found in feces, sewage, soil, and water, and which liquefy gelatin.

A species of gram-positive, coccoid bacteria commonly isolated from clinical specimens and the human intestinal tract. Most strains are nonhemolytic.

A genus of gram-positive, anaerobic, coccoid bacteria that is part of the normal flora of humans. Its organisms are opportunistic pathogens causing bacteremias and soft tissue infections.

The interactions between a host and a pathogen, usually resulting in disease.

A large group of bacteria including those which oxidize ammonia or nitrite, metabolize sulfur and sulfur compounds, or deposit iron and/or manganese oxides.

A whiplike motility appendage present on the surface cells. Prokaryote flagella are composed of a protein called FLAGELLIN. Bacteria can have a single flagellum, a tuft at one pole, or multiple flagella covering the entire surface. In eukaryotes, flagella are threadlike protoplasmic extensions used to propel flagellates and sperm. Flagella have the same basic structure as CILIA but are longer in proportion to the cell bearing them and present in much smaller numbers. (From King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

Gram-negative gas-producing rods found in feces of humans and other animals, sewage, soil, water, and dairy products.

Substances elaborated by bacteria that have antigenic activity.

A colorless alkaline gas. It is formed in the body during decomposition of organic materials during a large number of metabolically important reactions. Note that the aqueous form of ammonia is referred to as AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

Thin, hairlike appendages, 1 to 20 microns in length and often occurring in large numbers, present on the cells of gram-negative bacteria, particularly Enterobacteriaceae and Neisseria. Unlike flagella, they do not possess motility, but being protein (pilin) in nature, they possess antigenic and hemagglutinating properties. They are of medical importance because some fimbriae mediate the attachment of bacteria to cells via adhesins (ADHESINS, BACTERIAL). Bacterial fimbriae refer to common pili, to be distinguished from the preferred use of "pili", which is confined to sex pili (PILI, SEX).

A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria. Organisms in this genus had originally been classified as members of the PSEUDOMONAS genus but overwhelming biochemical and chemical findings indicated the need to separate them from other Pseudomonas species, and hence, this new genus was created.

Bacteria that form endospores and are gram-positive. Representative genera include BACILLUS; CLOSTRIDIUM; MICROMONOSPORA; SACCHAROPOLYSPORA; and STREPTOMYCES.

A set of statistical methods used to group variables or observations into strongly inter-related subgroups. In epidemiology, it may be used to analyze a closely grouped series of events or cases of disease or other health-related phenomenon with well-defined distribution patterns in relation to time or place or both.

The inter- and intra-relationships between various microorganisms. This can include both positive (like SYMBIOSIS) and negative (like ANTIBIOSIS) interactions. Examples include virus - bacteria and bacteria - bacteria.

The first stomach of ruminants. It lies on the left side of the body, occupying the whole of the left side of the abdomen and even stretching across the median plane of the body to the right side. It is capacious, divided into an upper and a lower sac, each of which has a blind sac at its posterior extremity. The rumen is lined by mucous membrane containing no digestive glands, but mucus-secreting glands are present in large numbers. Coarse, partially chewed food is stored and churned in the rumen until the animal finds circumstances convenient for rumination. When this occurs, little balls of food are regurgitated through the esophagus into the mouth, and are subjected to a second more thorough mastication, swallowed, and passed on into other parts of the compound stomach. (From Black's Veterinary Dictionary, 17th ed)

Inorganic salts of sulfuric acid.

A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that are common in the marine environment and on the surfaces and in the intestinal contents of marine animals. Some species are bioluminescent and are found as symbionts in specialized luminous organs of fish.

Any normal or abnormal coloring matter in PLANTS; ANIMALS or micro-organisms.

A genus of gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria whose organisms are nonmotile. Filaments that may be present in certain species are either straight or wavy and may have swollen or clubbed heads.

Cellular processes in biosynthesis (anabolism) and degradation (catabolism) of CARBOHYDRATES.

Polysaccharides found in bacteria and in capsules thereof.

A nonmetallic element with atomic symbol C, atomic number 6, and atomic weight [12.0096; 12.0116]. It may occur as several different allotropes including DIAMOND; CHARCOAL; and GRAPHITE; and as SOOT from incompletely burned fuel.

The sequential correspondence of nucleotides in one nucleic acid molecule with those of another nucleic acid molecule. Sequence homology is an indication of the genetic relatedness of different organisms and gene function.

A genus of gram-positive, spherical bacteria found in soils and fresh water, and frequently on the skin of man and other animals.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.

A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that occurs in the intestines of humans and a wide variety of animals, as well as in manure, soil, and polluted waters. Its species are pathogenic, causing urinary tract infections and are also considered secondary invaders, causing septic lesions at other sites of the body.

One of the three domains of life (the others being BACTERIA and ARCHAEA), also called Eukarya. These are organisms whose cells are enclosed in membranes and possess a nucleus. They comprise almost all multicellular and many unicellular organisms, and are traditionally divided into groups (sometimes called kingdoms) including ANIMALS; PLANTS; FUNGI; and various algae and other taxa that were previously part of the old kingdom Protista.

Tools or devices for generating products using the synthetic or chemical conversion capacity of a biological system. They can be classical fermentors, cell culture perfusion systems, or enzyme bioreactors. For production of proteins or enzymes, recombinant microorganisms such as bacteria, mammalian cells, or insect or plant cells are usually chosen.

Chemical groups containing the covalent sulfur bonds -S-. The sulfur atom can be bound to inorganic or organic moieties.

Naturally occurring complex liquid hydrocarbons which, after distillation, yield combustible fuels, petrochemicals, and lubricants.

The process of cumulative change at the level of DNA; RNA; and PROTEINS, over successive generations.

A genus of gram-negative, anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria capable of reducing sulfur compounds to hydrogen sulfide. Organisms are isolated from anaerobic mud of fresh and salt water, animal intestines, manure, and feces.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria found in soil, water, food, and clinical specimens. It is a prominent opportunistic pathogen for hospitalized patients.

A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that activate PLANT ROOT NODULATION in leguminous plants. Members of this genus are nitrogen-fixing and common soil inhabitants.

A dye that is a mixture of violet rosanilinis with antibacterial, antifungal, and anthelmintic properties.

Animals not contaminated by or associated with any foreign organisms.

A set of genes descended by duplication and variation from some ancestral gene. Such genes may be clustered together on the same chromosome or dispersed on different chromosomes. Examples of multigene families include those that encode the hemoglobins, immunoglobulins, histocompatibility antigens, actins, tubulins, keratins, collagens, heat shock proteins, salivary glue proteins, chorion proteins, cuticle proteins, yolk proteins, and phaseolins, as well as histones, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA genes. The latter three are examples of reiterated genes, where hundreds of identical genes are present in a tandem array. (King & Stanfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

Structures within the nucleus of bacterial cells consisting of or containing DNA, which carry genetic information essential to the cell.

A film that attaches to teeth, often causing DENTAL CARIES and GINGIVITIS. It is composed of MUCINS, secreted from salivary glands, and microorganisms.

Immunoglobulins produced in a response to BACTERIAL ANTIGENS.

Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.

Pyrrole containing pigments found in photosynthetic bacteria.

A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, motile bacteria that occur in water and soil. Some are common inhabitants of the intestinal tract of vertebrates. These bacteria occasionally cause opportunistic infections in humans.

Viruses whose hosts are bacterial cells.

Inorganic salts of thiosulfuric acid possessing the general formula R2S2O3.

Electron microscopy in which the ELECTRONS or their reaction products that pass down through the specimen are imaged below the plane of the specimen.

Community of tiny aquatic PLANTS and ANIMALS, and photosynthetic BACTERIA, that are either free-floating or suspended in the water, with little or no power of locomotion. They are divided into PHYTOPLANKTON and ZOOPLANKTON.

Cell-surface components or appendages of bacteria that facilitate adhesion (BACTERIAL ADHESION) to other cells or to inanimate surfaces. Most fimbriae (FIMBRIAE, BACTERIAL) of gram-negative bacteria function as adhesins, but in many cases it is a minor subunit protein at the tip of the fimbriae that is the actual adhesin. In gram-positive bacteria, a protein or polysaccharide surface layer serves as the specific adhesin. What is sometimes called polymeric adhesin (BIOFILMS) is distinct from protein adhesin.

Gram-negative, non-motile, capsulated, gas-producing rods found widely in nature and associated with urinary and respiratory infections in humans.

A species of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria isolated from soil and water as well as clinical specimens. Occasionally it is an opportunistic pathogen.

A genus of gram-negative, ellipsoidal or rod-shaped bacteria whose major source of energy and reducing power is from the oxidation of ammonia to nitrite. Its species occur in soils, oceans, lakes, rivers, and sewage disposal systems.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

An order of gram-positive bacteria in the class Bacilli, that have the ability to ferment sugars to lactic acid. They are widespread in nature and commonly used to produce fermented foods.

A genus of gram-negative, rod-shaped, phototrophic bacteria found in aquatic environments. Internal photosynthetic membranes are present as lamellae underlying the cytoplasmic membrane.

A test used to determine whether or not complementation (compensation in the form of dominance) will occur in a cell with a given mutant phenotype when another mutant genome, encoding the same mutant phenotype, is introduced into that cell.

A species of gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria isolated from the intestinal tract of humans and animals, the human mouth, and vagina. This organism produces the fermented product, acidophilus milk.

A family of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria utilizing only one-carbon organic compounds and isolated from in soil and water.

A genus of asporogenous bacteria isolated from soil that displays a distinctive rod-coccus growth cycle.

A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria whose organisms arrange singly, in pairs, or short chains. This genus is commonly found in the intestinal tract and is an opportunistic pathogen that can give rise to bacteremia, pneumonia, urinary tract and several other types of human infection.

A family of gram-negative aerobic bacteria consisting of ellipsoidal to rod-shaped cells that occur singly, in pairs, or in chains.

Worthless, damaged, defective, superfluous or effluent material from industrial operations.

A polysaccharide-producing species of STREPTOCOCCUS isolated from human dental plaque.

Small cationic peptides that are an important component, in most species, of early innate and induced defenses against invading microbes. In animals they are found on mucosal surfaces, within phagocytic granules, and on the surface of the body. They are also found in insects and plants. Among others, this group includes the DEFENSINS, protegrins, tachyplesins, and thionins. They displace DIVALENT CATIONS from phosphate groups of MEMBRANE LIPIDS leading to disruption of the membrane.

The relatively long-lived phagocytic cell of mammalian tissues that are derived from blood MONOCYTES. Main types are PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; HISTIOCYTES; KUPFFER CELLS of the liver; and OSTEOCLASTS. They may further differentiate within chronic inflammatory lesions to EPITHELIOID CELLS or may fuse to form FOREIGN BODY GIANT CELLS or LANGHANS GIANT CELLS. (from The Dictionary of Cell Biology, Lackie and Dow, 3rd ed.)

Electrophoresis in which various denaturant gradients are used to induce nucleic acids to melt at various stages resulting in separation of molecules based on small sequence differences including SNPs. The denaturants used include heat, formamide, and urea.

The continent lying around the South Pole and the southern waters of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans. It includes the Falkland Islands Dependencies. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p55)

The natural bactericidal property of BLOOD due to normally occurring antibacterial substances such as beta lysin, leukin, etc. This activity needs to be distinguished from the bactericidal activity contained in a patient's serum as a result of antimicrobial therapy, which is measured by a SERUM BACTERICIDAL TEST.

A polysaccharide with glucose units linked as in CELLOBIOSE. It is the chief constituent of plant fibers, cotton being the purest natural form of the substance. As a raw material, it forms the basis for many derivatives used in chromatography, ion exchange materials, explosives manufacturing, and pharmaceutical preparations.

A genus of gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic bacteria whose growth is dependent on the presence of a fermentable carbohydrate. It is nonpathogenic to plants and animals, including humans.

Tobramycin, amikacin, sissomicin, and gentamicin resistant Gram-negative rods. (1/19400)

Sensitivities to gentamicin, sissomicin, tobramycin, and amikacin were compared in 196 gentamicin-resistant Gram-negative rods and in 212 similar organisms sensitive to gentamicin, mainly isolated from clinical specimens. Amikacin was the aminoglycoside most active against gentamicin-resistant organisms, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, klebsiella spp, Escherichia coli, Proteus spp, Providencia spp, and Citrobacter spp being particularly susceptible. Most of the gentamicin-resistant organisms were isolated from the urine of patients undergoing surgery. Gentamicin was the most active antibiotic against gentamicin-sensitive E coli, Proteus mirabilis, and Serratia spp. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other Pseudomonas spp were most susceptible to tobramycin. (+info)

Automated food microbiology: potential for the hydrophobic grid-membrane filter. (2/19400)

Bacterial counts obtained on hydrophobic grid-membrane filters were comparable to conventional plate counts for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus in homogenates from a range of foods. The wide numerical operating range of the hydrophobic grid-membrane filters allowed sequential diluting to be reduced or even eliminated, making them attractive as components in automated systems of analysis. Food debris could be rinsed completely from the unincubated hydrophobic grid-membrane filter surface without affecting the subsequent count, thus eliminating the possibility of counting food particles, a common source of error in electronic counting systems. (+info)

Anopheles gambiae Ag-STAT, a new insect member of the STAT family, is activated in response to bacterial infection. (3/19400)

A new insect member of the STAT family of transcription factors (Ag-STAT) has been cloned from the human malaria vector Anopheles gambiae. The domain involved in DNA interaction and the SH2 domain are well conserved. Ag-STAT is most similar to Drosophila D-STAT and to vertebrate STATs 5 and 6, constituting a proposed ancient class A of the STAT family. The mRNA is expressed at all developmental stages, and the protein is present in hemocytes, pericardial cells, midgut, skeletal muscle and fat body cells. There is no evidence of transcriptional activation following bacterial challenge. However, bacterial challenge results in nuclear translocation of Ag-STAT protein in fat body cells and induction of DNA-binding activity that recognizes a STAT target site. In vitro treatment with pervanadate (vanadate and H2O2) translocates Ag-STAT to the nucleus in midgut epithelial cells. This is the first evidence of direct participation of the STAT pathway in immune responses in insects. (+info)

Desulfocella halophila gen. nov., sp. nov., a halophilic, fatty-acid-oxidizing, sulfate-reducing bacterium isolated from sediments of the Great Salt Lake. (4/19400)

A new halophilic sulfate-reducing bacterium, strain GSL-But2T, was isolated from surface sediment of the Southern arm of the Great Salt Lake, UT, USA. The organism grew with a number of straight-chain fatty acids (C4-C16), 2-methylbutyrate, L-alanine and pyruvate as electron donors. Butyrate was oxidized incompletely to acetate. Sulfate, but not sulfite or thiosulfate, served as an electron acceptor. Growth was observed between 2 and 19% (w/v) NaCl with an optimum at 4-5% (w/v) NaCl. The optimal temperature and pH for growth were around 34 degrees C and pH 6.5-7.3, respectively. The generation time under optimal conditions in defined medium was around 28 h, compared to 20 h in complex medium containing yeast extract. The G+C content was 35.0 mol%. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain GSL-But2T belongs to the family Desulfobacteriaceae within the delta-subclass of the Proteobacteria and suggested that strain GSL-But2T represents a member of a new genus. The name Desulfocella halophila gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed for this organism. The type strain of D. halophila is strain GSL-But2T (= DSM 11763T = ATCC 700426T). (+info)

The influence of a diet rich in wheat fibre on the human faecal flora. (5/19400)

The effect on the faecal flora of adding wheat fibre to a controlled diet in four healthy volunteers for a 3-week period has been observed. No change in the concentration of the bacteria in the bacterial groups counted was found, although there was a slight increase in total output associated with increased faecal weight. The predominant organisms in all subjects were non-sporing anaerobes, but the dominant species in each subject was different and was unaffected by changing the diet. Similarly, the concentration of faecal beta-glucuronidase detected in two subjects was unaltered and the concentration of clostridia able to dehydrogenate the steroid nucleus found in one subject was unaltered. It is suggested that the faecal microflora is not primarily controlled by the presence of undigested food residues in the large bowel. (+info)

In vitro activities of aminomethyl-substituted analogs of novel tetrahydrofuranyl carbapenems. (6/19400)

CL 188,624, CL 190,294, and CL 191,121 are novel aminomethyl tetrahydrofuranyl (THF)-1 beta-methylcarbapenems. The in vitro antibacterial activities of these THF carbapenems were evaluated and compared with those of biapenem, imipenem, and meropenem against 554 recent clinical isolates obtained from geographically distinct medical centers across North America. The antibacterial activities of the THF carbapenems were equivalent to that of biapenem, and the THF carbapenems were slightly more active than imipenem and less active than meropenem against most of the members of the family Enterobacteriaceae but lacked significant activity against Pseudomonas isolates. In general, CL 191,121 was two- to fourfold more active than CL 188,624 and CL 190,294 against the staphylococcal and enterococcal isolates tested. CL 191,121 was twofold less active than imipenem against methicillin-susceptible staphylococci and was as activity as imipenem against Enterococcus faecalis isolates. Biapenem and meropenem were two- and fourfold less active than CL 191,121, respectively, against the methicillin-susceptible staphylococci and E. faecalis. All the carbapenems displayed equivalent good activities against the streptococci. Biapenem was slightly more active than the other carbapenems against Bacteroides fragilis isolates. Time-kill curve studies demonstrated that the THF carbapenems were bactericidal in 6 h against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus isolates. The postantibiotic effect exerted by CL 191,121 was comparable to or slightly longer than that of imipenem against isolates of S. aureus, E. coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. (+info)

Antimicrobial activities of synthetic bismuth compounds against Clostridium difficile. (7/19400)

Clostridium difficile is a major nosocomial pathogen responsible for pseudomembranous colitis and many cases of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Because of potential relapse of disease with current antimicrobial therapy protocols, there is a need for additional and/or alternative antimicrobial agents for the treatment of disease caused by C. difficile. We have synthesized a systematic series of 14 structurally simple bismuth compounds and assessed their biological activities against C. difficile and four other gastrointestinal species, including Helicobacter pylori. Here, we report on the activities of six compounds that exhibit antibacterial activities against C. difficile, and some of the compounds have MICs of less than 1 microgram/ml. Also tested, for comparison, were the activities of bismuth subcitrate and ranitidine bismuth citrate obtained from commercial sources. C. difficile and H. pylori were more sensitive both to the synthetic bismuth compounds and to the commercial products than were Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Proteus mirabilis, and the last three species were markedly resistant to the commercial bismuth salts. Testing with human foreskin fibroblast cells revealed that some of the synthetic compounds were more cytotoxic than others. Killing curves for C. difficile treated with the more active compounds revealed rapid death, and electron microscopy showed that the bismuth of these compounds was rapidly incorporated by C. difficile. Energy dispersive spectroscopy X-ray microanalysis of C. difficile cells containing electron-dense material confirmed the presence of internalized bismuth. Internalized bismuth was not observed in C. difficile treated with synthetic bismuth compounds that lacked antimicrobial activity, which suggests that the uptake of the metal is required for killing activity. The nature of the carrier would seem to determine whether bismuth is transported into susceptible bacteria like C. difficile. (+info)

3-Hydroxylaminophenol mutase from Ralstonia eutropha JMP134 catalyzes a Bamberger rearrangement. (8/19400)

3-Hydroxylaminophenol mutase from Ralstonia eutropha JMP134 is involved in the degradative pathway of 3-nitrophenol, in which it catalyzes the conversion of 3-hydroxylaminophenol to aminohydroquinone. To show that the reaction was really catalyzed by a single enzyme without the release of intermediates, the corresponding protein was purified to apparent homogeneity from an extract of cells grown on 3-nitrophenol as the nitrogen source and succinate as the carbon and energy source. 3-Hydroxylaminophenol mutase appears to be a relatively hydrophobic but soluble and colorless protein consisting of a single 62-kDa polypeptide. The pI was determined to be at pH 4.5. In a database search, the NH2-terminal amino acid sequence of the undigested protein and of two internal sequences of 3-hydroxylaminophenol mutase were found to be most similar to those of glutamine synthetases from different species. Hydroxylaminobenzene, 4-hydroxylaminotoluene, and 2-chloro-5-hydroxylaminophenol, but not 4-hydroxylaminobenzoate, can also serve as substrates for the enzyme. The enzyme requires no oxygen or added cofactors for its reaction, which suggests an enzymatic mechanism analogous to the acid-catalyzed Bamberger rearrangement. (+info)

These evolutionary domains are called Bacteria and Archaea. The word bacteria is the plural of the New Latin bacterium, which ... There are broadly speaking two different types of cell wall in bacteria, that classify bacteria into Gram-positive bacteria and ... In fact, his Bacterium was a genus that contained non-spore-forming rod-shaped bacteria, as opposed to Bacillus, a genus of ... Bacteria can use flagella in different ways to generate different kinds of movement. Many bacteria (such as E. coli) have two ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacteria

Because these bacteria play a role in decomposition after death, putrefying bacteria also play a key role in the nitrogen cycle ... Bacteria aid in digestion of nutrients that a human's gastrointestinal tract could not process on its own. Putrefying bacteria ... Putrefying/decay bacteria are bacteria involved in putrefaction of living matter. Along with other decomposers, they play a ... Putrefying bacteria is a broad term used to define several species of bacteria involved in decomposition and fermentation. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putrefying_bacteria

Cancer bacteria are bacteria infectious organisms that are known or suspected to cause cancer. While cancer-associated bacteria ... there is some evidence that bacteria may be directly carcinogenic. The strongest evidence to date involves the bacterium H. ... Bacteria found in the gut may be related to colon cancer but may be more complicated due to the role of chemoprotective ... A number of bacteria have associations with cancer, although their possible role in carcinogenesis is unclear. Salmonella Typhi ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carcinogenic_bacteria

... may refer to: Green sulfur bacteria Purple sulfur bacteria Sulfate-reducing bacteria Sulfur-reducing bacteria ... Look up sulfur bacteria in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur_bacteria

In purple bacteria, such as Rhodospirillum rubrum, the light-harvesting proteins are intrinsic to the chromatophore membranes. ... Frigaard, NU; Bryant, DA (2004). "Seeing green bacteria in a new light: genomics-enabled studies of the photosynthetic ... In some forms of photosynthetic bacteria, a chromatophore is a coloured, membrane-associated vesicle used to perform ... However, in green sulfur bacteria, they are arranged in specialised antenna complexes called chlorosomes. Salton, MR (1987). " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatophore_(bacteria)

... emit light as the result of a chemical reaction during which chemical energy is converted to light energy ... Luminescent bacteria exist as symbiotic organisms carried within a larger organism, such as many deep sea organisms, including ... Some species of luminescent bacteria possess quorum sensing, the ability to determine local population by the concentration of ... Bioluminescence Lecture Notes Bioluminescence Webpage Isolation of Vibrio phosphoreum Luminescent Bacteria Scripps Institution ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luminescent_bacteria

... are forms of bacteria that directly consume and excrete electrons at different energy potentials without ... v t e (Orphaned articles from August 2020, All orphaned articles, Bacteria, All stub articles, Bacteria stubs). ... Instead, electric bacteria "breathe" metals instead of oxygen, which effectively results in both an intake of and excretion of ... Shewanella and Geobacter are two known types of electric bacteria. This form of life appears to be especially adapted to low- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_bacteria

Even if sometimes the two major groups of purple bacteria, purple sulfur bacteria and purple nonsulfur bacteria, coexist in the ... Then a dish of the bacteria was taken, and a light was focused on one part of the dish, leaving the rest dark. As the bacteria ... Purple bacteria are anoxygenic because they do not use water as electron donor to produce oxygen. Purple sulfur bacteria (PSB ... Purple sulfur bacteria (like green sulfur bacteria) typically form blooms in non-thermal aquatic ecosystems, some members have ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purple_bacteria

M. oxyfera-like bacteria are bacteria similar to Candidatus Methylomirabilis oxyfera, which is a species of bacteria that acts ... Denitrifying bacteria are a diverse group of bacteria that encompass many different phyla. This group of bacteria, together ... Since denitrifying bacteria are heterotrophic, an organic carbon source is supplied to the bacteria in an anoxic basin. With no ... Denitrifying bacteria are a part of the N cycle, and consists of sending the N back into the atmosphere. The reaction above is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denitrifying_bacteria

Types include ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB). Many species of nitrifying bacteria have ... Nitrifying bacteria are chemolithotrophic organisms that include species of genera such as Nitrosomonas, Nitrosococcus, ... The first reaction is oxidation of ammonium to nitrite by ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) represented by members of ... Ammonia can be also oxidized completely to nitrate by one comammox bacterium. Ammonia oxidation in autotrophic nitrification is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrifying_bacteria

... (or MTB) are a polyphyletic group of bacteria that orient themselves along the magnetic field lines of ... In contrast to the magnetoreception of animals, the bacteria contain fixed magnets that force the bacteria into alignment-even ... The sensitivity of magnetotactic bacteria to the Earth's magnetic field arises from the fact these bacteria precipitate chains ... contain amounts of iron comparable to any other species of bacteria. Symbiosis with magnetotactic bacteria has been proposed as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetotactic_bacteria

... are types of bacteria used to detect and estimate the level of fecal contamination of water. They are not ... These bacteria may include species of pathogenic bacteria, such as Salmonella or Campylobacter, associated with gastroenteritis ... Aside from bacteria being found in fecal matter, it can also be found in oral and gut contents. The US Environmental Protection ... Commonly used indicator bacteria include total coliforms, or a subset of this group, fecal coliforms, which are found in the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indicator_bacteria

... , bacteria of spiral (helical) shape, form the third major morphological category of prokaryotes along with the ... Spiral bacteria can be subclassified by the number of twists per cell, cell thickness, cell flexibility, and motility. The two ... A spirillum (plural spirilla) is a rigid spiral bacterium that is Gram-negative and frequently has external amphitrichous or ... Borrelia species, such as Borrelia burgdorferi, a tick-borne bacterium that causes Lyme disease Treponema species, such as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiral_bacteria

... is a collaborative album by Faith No More's Mike Patton and the Norwegian composer John Erik Kaada, within their ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacteria_Cult

... (fat-loving bacteria) are bacteria that may proliferate in lipids. They include lipophilic corynebacteria. ... Lipophilic bacteria may also proliferate in diet fat. However, in modern food industry this is very rare and at worst causes a ... Some bacteria do not only accelerate their metabolism using lipids prevailing in their environment, some of them cannot ... Many lipophilic bacteria are a good source of biosurfactants, hence are used commercially, e.g. Bacillus licheniformis. These ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipophilic_bacteria

Speed of motility in cable bacteria is not related to size of the bacteria. The average distance a cable bacterium glides is ... Cable bacteria are defined by their function rather than their phylogeny, and it is possible that further cable bacteria taxa ... Cable bacteria are filamentous bacteria that conduct electricity across distances over 1 cm in sediment and groundwater ... Media related to Cable bacteria at Wikimedia Commons (Commons category link from Wikidata, Microorganisms, Bacteria, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cable_bacteria

... are bacteria that require or are facilitated by free iron. They may include Vibrio vulnificus, Listeria ... Iron-oxidizing bacteria Dissimilatory metal-reducing bacteria Ganz T, Nemeth E (2015). "Iron homeostasis in host defence and ... v t e (Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Bacteria, All stub articles, Bacteria stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siderophilic_bacteria

"Exogenous Bacteria." Bacteria Microbes. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Apr 2012. . Willey, Sherwood & Woolverton 2011, pp. 964-5. "Bacteria ... Exogenous bacteria can be either benign or pathogenic. Pathogenic exogenous bacteria can enter a closed biological system and ... Bacteria that are part of normal internal ecosystems, also known as bacterial flora, are called Endogenous Bacteria. A ... Bacterial flora is endogenous bacteria, which is defined as bacteria that naturally reside in a closed system. Disease can ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exogenous_bacteria

... are bacteria, which have the capability to enter and survive in the cells of the host organism. Many of ... v t e (Bacteria, Microbiology, Infectious diseases, Cells, All stub articles, Bacteria stubs). ... Besides bacteria, there are other types of intracellular microorganisms . Examples of non-obligate intracellular bacteria ... Examples of obligate intracellular parasite bacteria. Rickettsiales (Rickettsia, Ehrlichia, Anaplasma, Coxiella) Mycoplasma spp ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intracellular_bacteria

Look up bacteria in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Bacteria are a major group of prokaryotic living organisms. Bacteria may ... a type of malicious software Bacteria, a fictional country in The Great Dictator Bacteria (Asterix character), the wife of ... a family of South American stick insects This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Bacteria. If an ... also refer to: Bacteria (malware) or Rabbit Programs, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacteria_(disambiguation)

... (also known as hydrocarbon degrading bacteria, oil degrading bacteria or HCB) are a heterogeneous ... The rest is attacked by bacteria that are able to do this. These bacteria do not adhere to the oil and do not have a high ... Anaerobic bacterium strain HD-1 grows on CO2 in the presence of H 2 or tetradecane. In the absence of H 2, tetradecane is ... pH and oxygen: Bacteria require a neutral pH, and in this the same oil can help neutralize environments that are too acidic for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrocarbonoclastic_bacteria

... / Mr. Scruff / Releases / Ninja Tune Mr. Scruff - Render Me Friendly Bacteria at Ninja Tune Mr. Scruff's ... Friendly Bacteria is the fifth studio album by the British musician and DJ Mr. Scruff. It was released on 19 May 2014 by the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friendly_Bacteria

... are a non-phylogenetically related group of Gram-negative bacteria that possess appendages, termed ... These bacteria will attach to surfaces with their prosthecae, allowing a greater surface area with which to take up nutrients ( ... CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list, Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Bacteria). ... Caulobacter Oligotrophic Flagella Pilus Poindexter, Jeanne S. Dimorphic Prosthecate Bacteria: The Genera Caulobacter, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosthecate_bacteria

... are light-producing bacteria that are predominantly present in sea water, marine sediments, the surface ... While not as common, bacterial bioluminescence is also found in terrestrial and freshwater bacteria. These bacteria may be free ... It has been hypothesized that enteric bacteria (bacteria that survive in the guts of other organisms) - especially those ... List from Dunlap and Henryk (2013), "Luminous Bacteria", The Prokaryotes ) Bioluminescent bacteria are most abundant in marine ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioluminescent_bacteria

... are bacteria that are typically soil-dwelling and utilize saprotrophic nutrition as their primary energy ... Some saprotrophic bacteria may be vectors for food borne illnesses such as Escherichia coli. They are common pathogens in ... Saprotrophic bacteria are often associated with soil fungi that also use saprotrophic nutrition and both are classified as ... When cultivating a new environment, the population of a saprotrophic strain of bacteria initially decreases and then reaches a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saprotrophic_bacteria

While coliform bacteria are not normally causes of serious illness, they are easy to culture, and their presence is used to ... Coliform bacteria are defined as either motile or non-motile Gram-negative non-spore forming Bacilli that possess β- ... The bacteria can also cause pneumonia, other respiratory illnesses and urinary tract infections. An easy way to differentiate ... Other coliform bacteria will appear as thick, slimy colonies, with non-fermenters being colorless, and weak fermenters being ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coliform_bacteria

Most bacteria in the human body are actually good for us and help with carrying out necessary life processes. Gut bacteria in ... Symbiotic bacteria are able to live in or on plant or animal tissue. In digestive systems, symbiotic bacteria help break down ... Symbiotic bacteria are bacteria living in symbiosis with another organism or each other. For example, rhizobia living in root ... Symbiotic bacteria can live near hydrothermal vents. They usually have a mutual relationship with other bacteria. Some live in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbiotic_bacteria

... are bacteria that do not get colored by gram-staining but rather remain colorless: they are neither Gram- ... Gram-negative bacteria Gram-positive bacteria de Souza Luna, Luciano Kleber; Panning, Marcus; Grywna, Klaus; Pfefferle, Susanne ... Spirochetes are also considered atypical bacteria. Gram-positive bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer in their cell wall, ... Gram-negative bacteria have a thin peptidoglycan layer which does not retain the crystal violet, so when safranin is added ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atypical_bacteria

... are bacteria that can cause disease. This article focuses on the bacteria that are pathogenic to humans. ... Most pathogenic bacteria can be grown in cultures and identified by Gram stain and other methods. Bacteria grown in this way ... Pathogenic bacteria contribute to other globally important diseases, such as pneumonia, which can be caused by bacteria such as ... The symptoms of disease appear as pathogenic bacteria damage host tissues or interfere with their function. The bacteria can ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathogenic_bacteria

Bacteria which live on leaves are referred to as phyllobacteria, and bacteria which live on the root system are referred to as ... Epiphytic bacteria are bacteria which live non-parasitically on the surface of a plant on various organs such as the leaves, ... Because of this, these bacteria have special nutritional requirements. Current studies on epiphytic bacteria are underway for ... Non-pigmented epiphytic bacteria have high a GC content in their genome, a characteristic which protects the bacteria from the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epiphytic_bacteria

... or to the spread of the bacteria in the blood. ... or to the spread of the bacteria in the blood. ...

https://medlineplus.gov/ency/imagepages/9095.htm

"But I wondered just how long it took for bacteria to grow in the bags and, importantly, if positive cultures would be found ...

http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/778108

This review emphasizes Candida spp.-bacteria biofilms, the epidemiology of this community, the challenges in the eradication of ... This refractory effect is particularly critical in polymicrobial biofilms involving both fungi and bacteria. ... such as bacteria or fungi. These consortiums can colonize a variety of surfaces, such as host tissues, dentures, and catheters ... and Bacteria Mixed Biofilms. Humans are colonized by diverse populations of bacteria and fungi when in a healthy state and in ...

https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/6/1/5

International networks for laboratory surveillance, preparedness and response are an important tool for laboratory strengthening, because they can serve both as a platform for sharing information and expertise, and as a ...

https://apps.who.int:80/iris/browse?locale-attribute=pt&type=mesh&authority=Bacteria

Cases of infections from a flesh-eating bacteria seem to be increasing in Australia. The bacteria Mycobacterium... ... Geologists discover bacteria that turns small bits of gold into solid nuggets. *Greg Beach ... Parasitic bacteria can teach us a lot, according to scientists who have just discovered a manipulation mechanism... ... Remarkable bacteria survives extremely harsh conditions by eating nothing but air. *Kristine Lofgren ...

https://inhabitat.com/tag/bacteria/

Lineage: cellular organisms; Bacteria; Proteobacteria; Gammaproteobacteria; Aeromonadales; Aeromonadaceae; Aeromonas. Glycoside ...

http://www.cazy.org/b20715.html

See Letter p.94 It is widely accepted that commensal bacteria in the human intestine have important physiological and health ... of the gut microbiota can enter symbiotic relationships providing a beneficial effect similar to that provided by the bacteria ... The finding that intestinal viruses can substitute for intestinal bacteria to promote the health of their mammalian hosts ... But on page 94 of this issue, Kernbauer et al.1 show that, in the absence of bacteria, mammalian intestinal viruses promote gut ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/nature13938?error=cookies_not_supported&code=f10262e6-4bf7-42cd-9658-4c3d033e2482

SOS contains 19 species of naturally occurring beneficial bacteria. The microbes contained in SOS will promote stronger and ...

https://www.hydrofarm.com/p/sos-beneficial-bacteria/stsos25

Yeast and bacteria are usually viewed as bad things that no one wants to come into contact with. But they may soon hold the key ... Eau de bacteria Scientists have found a way to grow scents in the lab. ... A report in Chemicals & Engineering News explains how fragrance companies are using lab-engineered bacteria and yeast to make ... Biotech firms like Allylix, Isobionics and Evolva are genetically engineering bacteria and yeast that can produce plant oils by ...

https://www.zdnet.com/article/eau-de-bacteria/

S. aureus bacteria are amongst the populations of bacteria normally found existing on ones skin surface. However, over time, ... various populations of these bacteria have become resistant to a number of antibiotics, which makes them very difficult to ... which had been caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, referred to by the acronym MRSA. ... fight when attempting to treat infections where MRSA bacteria are the responsible pathogens. These antibiotics include ...

https://www.cdc.gov/mrsa/community/photos/photo-mrsa-5.html

Home ▶ Patients ▶ Patient Resources ▶ Fact Sheets: Topic Specific ▶ Infections and Problems from Bacteria, Viruses, Molds and ...

https://www.thoracic.org/patients/patient-resources/topic-specific/infections-and-problems.php

Unknown author (‎1980)‎. Bacteria. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 58 (‎Suppl)‎, 172 - 174. https://extranet.who.int ...

https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/handle/10665/262051

... and yet gut bacteria is one of the most talked about health topics online. ... Jim Loomis joins the program to reveal how you can alter the conversation and change your gut bacteria to curb those cravings ... Loomis rejoins Chuck to talk about the link between gut bacteria and the immune system. As Loomis explains, there is a strong ... Its not the most glamorous of subjects, and yet gut bacteria is one of the most talked about health topics online. ...

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The bacteria that cause most deaths most illnesses, hospitalizations, and deaths in the United... ... Bacteria and viruses are the most common cause of food poisoning. ... Introduction to Bacteria: Trivia Quiz! Introduction to Bacteria: Trivia Quiz! Bacteria and Virus Disease Function Bacteria and ... DOMINIOS ARCHEA Y BACTERIA DOMINIOS ARCHEA Y BACTERIA What do you know about Bacterial conjugation? Trivia Facts Quiz What do ...

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From CNN.com blogger, Dick: Hand sanitizer has been recommended but the bottles say, Effective against bacteria, with no ... Does hand sanitizer kill bacteria and viruses?. As a new feature of CNNhealth.com, our team of expert doctors will answer ... Try this on Does hand sanitizer kill bacteria and viruses?. *western panel rugs on FDA recommends lowering Celexas maximum ... Hand sanitizer has been recommended but the bottles say, Effective against bacteria, with no mention of viruses. What gives? ...

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Bacteria Biological sciences Coating/Surface Modification Coatings, colorants and finishes Coatings, colorants, and finishes ... Metals such as copper normally have a very smooth surface, which makes it difficult for the metal to kill bacteria by contact. ... A laser treatment method was developed that could potentially turn any metal surface into a rapid bacteria killer just by ... The patterns produce a rugged texture that increases surface area, allowing more opportunity for bacteria to hit the surface ...

https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/tb/pub/briefs/materials/37439?r=40556

Some bacteria swell or grow filaments in response to antibiotics. The changes can look like dividing bacteria, when in fact the ... Bacteria resistant to last-resort antibiotic appears in U.S. By Meghan Rosen. May 27, 2016. ... What leech gut bacteria can tell us about drug resistance By Leah Rosenbaum. July 24, 2018. ... Kwon and his colleagues tested the method on infectious bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli. The test met the ...

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Leprosy bacteria may hold the key to helping the liver regenerate. The bacteria that cause leprosy have been found to reprogram ... "The signature that comes up is related to gut bacteria," says Nicholson. It is not yet clear whether the bacterias metabolic ... Even if bacteria are not actually contributing to the observed metabolic changes, they could still be put to use. "There is ... The finding also adds weight the hypothesis that substances released by gut bacteria are contributing to the onset of the ...

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... between an exacerbation and the isolation of a new strain of a bacterial pathogen supports the causative role of bacteria in ... New strains of bacteria and exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease N Engl J Med. 2002 Aug 15;347(7):465-71. doi ... between an exacerbation and the isolation of a new strain of a bacterial pathogen supports the causative role of bacteria in ...

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An exploratory study of 30 people found differences in the gut bacteria of those with PTSD compared with those who had recently ... Bacteria in the gut are also affected by emotional responses. Stress hormones can alter their growth and damage the lining of ... The researchers point out that they were not able to establish whether low levels of these bacteria were a cause or a result of ... Gut bacteria also influence the biology and function of the brain through the production of hormones or neurotransmitters, ...

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A new study finds that tiny pests are carrying plenty of bacteria. ... Although this bacterium can cause a multitude of syndromes, its most commonly associated with typhoid or enterocolitis and ... Salmonella enterica was one of the bacteria found in the mice. Its the leading cause of food poisoning outbreaks in the United ... Some of the bacteria found also demonstrated antimicrobial resistance to two classes of antibiotic medications, meaning they ...

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They detected evidence of the bacteria in brain samples from people with Alzheimers and used mice to show that the bacterium ... Gum bacteria implicated in Alzheimers and other diseases. Experimental Biology. Meeting. Experimental Biology 2019. Keywords. ... Gum bacteria implicated in Alzheimers and other diseases Scientists trace path of bacterial toxins from the mouth to the brain ... About one in five people under age 30 have low levels of the bacterium in their gums. While it is not harmful in most people, ...

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/552957

Now, the benefits of apple bacteria do not give you a green light to skip the wash before biting in. (bicycling.com)

CDC) estimates that annually, at least two million illnesses and 23,000 deaths are caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the United States alone.1 If the effectiveness of antibiotics (drugs that kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria) is lost, we will no longer be able to reliably and rapidly treat bacterial infections, including bacterial pneumonias, foodborne illnesses, and healthcare- associated infections. (cdc.gov)
As more strains of bacteria become resistant to an ever-larger number of antibiotics, our drug choices have become increasingly limited and more expensive and, in some cases, nonexistent. (cdc.gov)
A new breed of "nightmare" bacteria resists pretty much all of our antibiotics - and it's rapidly spreading across. (inhabitat.com)
However, over time, various populations of these bacteria have become resistant to a number of antibiotics, which makes them very difficult to fight when attempting to treat infections where MRSA bacteria are the responsible pathogens. (cdc.gov)
Giving implants an antimicrobial surface would prevent the spread of infection and antibiotic resistance because there wouldn't be a need for antibiotics to kill off bacteria from an implant's surface. (techbriefs.com)
A new test quickly reveals whether bacteria are vulnerable to antibiotics, researchers report in the Dec. 17 Science Translational Medicine . (sciencenews.org)
To choose the right antibiotics to treat a patient with a bacterial infection, doctors must determine which drugs the bacteria are sensitive to. (sciencenews.org)
Using traditional tests, doctors expose a sample of bacteria to antibiotics and wait 16 to 20 hours. (sciencenews.org)
Researchers in South Korea gauged how bacteria respond to antibiotics using a plastic chip with many little wells, each holding bacterial cells immobile in a thick gel. (sciencenews.org)
Some bacteria swell or grow filaments in response to antibiotics. (sciencenews.org)
The changes can look like dividing bacteria, when in fact the antibiotics have damaged the cells. (sciencenews.org)
What's worse is that some of these bacteria appear resistant to common antibiotics. (healthline.com)
They are not fed antibiotics, but they are carrying bacteria that are sometimes resistant to them. (healthline.com)
The beauty of such approaches in comparison to antibiotics is that such interventions are aimed only at key pathogens, leaving alone good, commensal bacteria, which we need. (eurekalert.org)
Rather than look for new and better antibiotics, Stallings and co-first authors Kelly Flentie, PhD, a former postdoctoral researcher at Washington University, and Gregory Harrison, a graduate student, decided to look for compounds that prevent the bacteria from toughening up. (news-medical.net)
When put in a low-oxygen environment to mimic the stressful conditions TB bacteria encounter inside the body, the bacteria come together and form a thin film called a biofilm that is resilient to not only low-oxygen conditions but also to antibiotics and other stressors. (news-medical.net)
Further experiments showed that blocking biofilm formation with C10 made the bacteria easier to kill with antibiotics and even curbed the development of antibiotic resistance. (news-medical.net)
The researchers then treated stressed mice with broad-spectrum antibiotics that could kill as much as 90 percent of the intestinal bacteria for a short period. (medindia.net)
We know now that if we knock the population of bacteria down with antibiotics, we don't have the same innate immune response," said Bailey. (medindia.net)
Divers search for novel marine bacteria that could yield new kinds of antibiotics. (upi.com)
Early analysis of the new strains -- published this week in the journal Nature Microbiology -- suggests the bacteria could yield new antibiotics. (upi.com)
Most current antibiotics are natural compounds produced by bacteria. (upi.com)
While bacteria are abundant and extremely diverse, not all strains and species are particularly useful to scientists hunting for antibiotics. (upi.com)
Because most of the antibiotics that are used in Crohn's disease are broad-spectrum antibiotics, you're basically hitting both the beneficial and detrimental bacteria in the process, and maybe that's really not a good idea," said Sartor, who is also the chief medical advisor for the Crohn's and Colitis Foundation, which helped fund the study. (webmd.com)
Background/Statement of Problem(s):One of the most critical challenges confronting the application of chemotherapeutic agents in general, and antibiotics in particular, is the development of resistance by target microbes such as bacteria, viruses etc. (bartleby.com)
Regular low doses of antibiotics that aren't strong enough to destroy or kill bacteria provides a suitable environment for bacteria to develop mechanism of survival or to become resistant. (bartleby.com)
Every time a person takes antibiotics, sensitive bacteria are killed, but resistant ones may be left to grow stronger and multiply. (bartleby.com)
And we cannot prescribe antibiotics to all patients as a preventive measure for fear of making the bacteria more resistant. (aiche.org)
Antibiotics can be lifesaving medicines, as they kill bad bacteria. (nationaljewish.org)
Our study suggests that the pre-modern human microbiota was composed of a greater diversity of bacteria and a greater diversity of bacterial functions when compared to populations impacted by modern practices, such as processed foods and antibiotics," says pathology and immunology professor Gautam Dantas of Washington University in St. Louis. (thestar.com.my)
Even today's most potent antibiotics will diminish in effect as bacteria continue to evolve. (reviewofcontactlenses.com)

The ability to form biofilms is a common feature of microorganisms, such as bacteria or fungi. (mdpi.com)
This refractory effect is particularly critical in polymicrobial biofilms involving both fungi and bacteria. (mdpi.com)
A dense population of microorganisms inhabits the intestinal tract, including bacteria, archaea, fungi and viruses. (nature.com)
However, microbes can evolve to resist the effects of drugs that prevent and treat a range of infections caused by bacteria, parasites, viruses and fungi. (cdc.gov)
The term "germs" refers to the microscopic bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa that can cause disease. (kidshealth.org)
AMR happens when germs like bacteria and fungi develop the ability to defeat the drugs designed to kill them. (who.int)

From the intestinal samples, Bailey's team could determine the relative proportion of at least 30 types of bacteria residing there. (medindia.net)
The 67 types of bacteria growing in your brewer's drip tray. (coffeedetective.com)
That's a lot of different types of bacteria, particularly when you consider that caffeine has natural antibacterial qualities. (coffeedetective.com)
They're typically produced by two types of bacteria, known as Shiga toxin- producing E. coli and a specific type of Shigella known as Shigella dysenteriae serotype 1. (cdc.gov)
These bacteriophages can transfer the Shiga toxin genes back and forth between different types of bacteria, such as between Shigella and E. coli . (cdc.gov)

In their study, they used microfluidics to compare various strains of bacteria, each with a different, known electrochemical activity. (cosmosmagazine.com)
What's more, consuming the diversity of strains of bacteria found in apples can provide your gut with diverse microbes, which is essential for gut health, Wassermann said. (bicycling.com)

Elon Musk's launch of a Tesla toward Mars was considered a stroke of public relations genius, but smart researchers pointed out the car could contaminate the planet with Earthly bacteria. (asme.org)
The researchers point out that they were not able to establish whether low levels of these bacteria were a cause or a result of PTSD. (medicalnewstoday.com)
In a recent study, researchers from the University of Houston found that 40 percent of doorsteps samples were contaminated with C. difficile bacteria, and so were 39 percent of shoe soles. (menshealth.com)
Orlando, Fla. (April 7, 2019) - Researchers are reporting new findings on how bacteria involved in gum disease can travel throughout the body, exuding toxins connected with Alzheimer's disease, rheumatoid arthritis and aspiration pneumonia. (eurekalert.org)
While previous researchers have noted the presence of P. gingivalis in brain samples from Alzheimer's patients, Potempa's team, in collaboration with Cortexyme, Inc., offers the strongest evidence to date that the bacterium may actually contribute to the development of Alzheimer's disease. (eurekalert.org)
The researchers found one compound, called C10, that did not kill the TB bacteria but prevented them from forming a biofilm. (news-medical.net)
The researchers needed only a fraction of the amount of isoniazid to kill the TB bacteria when C10 was included than with isoniazid alone. (news-medical.net)
But when the researchers grew TB bacteria with isoniazid and the compound, the drug-resistant mutant bacteria never arose. (news-medical.net)
But such bacteria die when treated with isoniazid plus the compound, the researchers discovered. (news-medical.net)
Researchers injected a weakened strain of Clostridium novyi -NT bacteria spores into tumours in six patients. (news24.com)
Now researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in the US have developed a microfluidic technique they say can quickly process small samples of bacteria and gauge a specific property that's highly correlated with microbes' ability to produce electricity. (cosmosmagazine.com)
A team of researchers have characterized a bacterium composed of a single cell that is 5,000 times larger than other bacteria. (popsci.com)
A study published today in the journal Science explains how Gros and other researchers from the Joint Genome Institute (JGI), a project run by the US Department of Energy, and the University of the French Antilles in Guadeloupe discovered and identified this category-defying bacteria. (popsci.com)
The species's nonconformity is puzzling, even to researchers who've seen bacteria of all forms and functions. (popsci.com)
The researchers suspect the Desulfobulbaceae filaments serve to help the bacteria respire and eat, with cells deeper in the sediment collecting and oxidizing hydrogen sulfide and cells closer to the surface gathering and using oxygen from the seafloor. (the-scientist.com)
Researchers simulating this transition to turbulence have now shown how the correlated swimming of many bacteria builds up as the transition is approached. (aps.org)
The researchers also found that the correlations responsible for collective motion are governed almost entirely by mutual rotations of the bacteria. (aps.org)
Genetically engineered bacteria could make cellulosic ethanol cheaper to manufacture, researchers report, in a finding that may unlock more energy from the waste products of farming and forestry. (abc.net.au)
Researchers discovered that to get the full health benefits of these bacteria, you should eat the whole apple -including the peel, seeds, core, and stem. (bicycling.com)
In the study , which was published in Frontiers in Microbiology , researchers analyzed the bacteria in apples and compared samples of organic and nonorganic types to see how the breakdown differed. (bicycling.com)
In total, researchers found that a typical apple contains 100 million bacteria-1,755 different types. (bicycling.com)
The researchers found that bacteria like Brucella need the protein VirB8 to latch on. (gizmodo.com)
Researchers at the University of Minnesota-Twin Cities are studying a remarkable species of bacteria, Geobacter sulfurreducens , that produces electric current when attached to a graphite electrode or other conductive surface. (nsf.gov)
Although clearly establishing a connection between the presence of these bacteria and mental health is an important step, researchers will now move toward identifying whether a causal relationship is present. (medscape.com)

When Olivier Gros, a marine biologist and professor at the University of the French Antilles in Guadeloupe, went looking for microbes in the warm ocean waters of the southern Caribbean, he wasn't trying to find a new bacteria species that would challenge the traditional understanding of how microscopic cells work . (popsci.com)
Generally, life categorized by cells is divided into two groups: prokaryotes, which include bacteria and other single-celled microbes called archaea, and eukaryotes, which include everything from algae to humans. (popsci.com)
Or maybe the mouse-specific bacteria are better at competing with and controlling the Salmonella in the gut than the human microbes would be. (latimes.com)
A new study comparing bodily bacteria between a remote Amazonian tribe and other groups reveals that our bodies are losing beneficial microbes. (thestar.com.my)
Everyone's body is brimming with bacteria, and these microbes do plenty of good things like building the immune system and helping digestion. (thestar.com.my)
A study looking at the gut, mouth and skin microbes in people from a small, isolated tribe in southern Venezuela's Amazonian jungles shows just how much modern life may be altering humankind's bodily bacteria. (thestar.com.my)
I just watched the gut bacteria video and am glad to know the microbes are friendly and helping us. (tmswiki.org)
There are microbes that are bacteria, microbes that are archaea, and microbes that are part of the more complex domain that plants and animals are a part of-the eukaryotes. (si.edu)

Wolbachia is a common bacteria that has the ability to infect up to 70 percent of the world's insect species. (voanews.com)
Scientists know that certain species of bacteria living in oxygen-deprived environments (including the human gut ) have evolved a unique form of breathing that involves excreting and pumping out electrons. (cosmosmagazine.com)
From her calculations, she discovered the more electrochemically active bacteria tended to have a higher polarisability, and this correlation occurred across all species tested. (cosmosmagazine.com)
To date, the search for antibiotic compounds has involved just 1 percent of the known bacteria species. (upi.com)
Most bacteria species are too difficult to cultivate in the lab and have been ignored by scientists seeking new drugs. (upi.com)
Perhaps most importantly, the new research suggests many bacteria species dismissed as non-cultivable can in fact be collected and cultured. (upi.com)
The new species, now named Ca. Thiomargarita magnifica , is the largest bacterium ever found. (popsci.com)
It belongs to the genus Thiomargarita, also known as the giant bacteria-though this species is 50 times larger than any member of its group. (popsci.com)
Their results show that older animals remain active for longer and live longer if they receive the intestinal bacteria of younger members of the species. (mpg.de)
As is the case with humans, ageing affects the composition of the microbial community: while many different species of bacteria ensure a healthy gut when young, this diversity not only diminishes in old age but the existing bacteria also contain a larger proportion of pathogens. (mpg.de)
The electrical signals are passed through long strands of the bacteria-a new species of the genus Desulfobulbaceae -that serve as transport cables for the community. (the-scientist.com)
Other species of bacteria may produce just as many electrons as they oxidize available fuels, but their cell membranes act like an insulator for electron transport," said Daniel Bond, a microbiologist at the University of Minnesota-Twin Cities. (nsf.gov)
The problem was that known species of bacteria didn't make a particularly good battery. (nsf.gov)
FritzZyme® Live Nitrifying Bacteria provides the species of bacteria proven by professional zoos, aquariums, universities, and aquaculture facilities to rapidly seed biofilters. (coralreeftn.com)
They are also extremely abundant-in just a single drop of water there can be over 100 species of bacteria. (si.edu)

and to detect and control newly resistant bacteria that emerge in humans or animals. (cdc.gov)
Photograph depicted a cutaneous abscess on the hand, which had been caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, referred to by the acronym MRSA. (cdc.gov)
Bacteria resistant to last-resort antibiotic appears in U.S. (sciencenews.org)
Schaffner said it was worrying that these kinds of antibiotic-resistant bacteria have appeared in animals that aren't treated with drugs. (healthline.com)
Those antibiotic-resistant bacteria are now capable of spreading to any number of unintended targets," said Schaffner. (healthline.com)
Schaffner said that this study shows how important it is for humans to cut down on unnecessary antibiotic use so that antibiotic-resistant bacteria don't develop and spread. (healthline.com)
In addition, one out of 1 million TB bacteria spontaneously become resistant to isoniazid when grown under typical laboratory conditions. (news-medical.net)
Our objectives were to determine the incidence of VAP, isolate multidrug-resistant bacteria, identify the most prevalent resistant strains and identify their antibiotic susceptibility pattern. (who.int)
I never ever thought that I would end up getting MRSA," said Sandra Jankowski, who was infected with antibiotic resistant bacteria her father contracted during a visit to a local hospital. (3newsnow.com)
99.98% of all enveloped viruses such as Covid-19 and influenza as well as bacteria (including multi-resistant germs) harmless in a short time. (logisgrips.com)
Where Do We Stand in the Battle Against Resistant Bacteria? (reviewofcontactlenses.com)
Now more than ever, infections from antibiotic-resistant bacteria are becoming commonplace. (reviewofcontactlenses.com)
What advances have been made to combat the rise of resistant bacteria? (reviewofcontactlenses.com)
What are the clinical implications of resistant bacteria? (reviewofcontactlenses.com)
Multi- drug Resistant (MDR) bacteria could lead to treatment failure of infectious diseases and could be transferred by non- potable water . (bvsalud.org)
Today, the White House released a comprehensive plan that identifies critical actions to be taken by key Federal departments and agencies to combat the rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. (cdc.gov)
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that drug-resistant bacteria cause 23,000 deaths and 2 million illnesses each year in the United States. (cdc.gov)
Efforts carried out as part of the Action Plan will help the Federal government curb the rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria with the goal of saving lives. (cdc.gov)
How can we ?ght against antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in the World Health Organization Western Paci?c Region? (who.int)

Parasitic bacteria can teach us a lot, according to scientists who have just discovered a manipulation mechanism. (inhabitat.com)
Scientists have converted plastic bottles into vanilla flavoring using genetically engineered bacteria. (inhabitat.com)
Scientists have discovered a strange new bacteria in the Antarctic that can survive the planet's most extreme conditions. (inhabitat.com)
Scientists at San Diego-based Genomatica, Inc., have announced success in manipulating the bacteria to directly produce butanediol (BDO), a chemical compound used to make everything from spandex to car bumpers, thereby providing a more energy-efficient way of making it without oil or natural gas. (scientificamerican.com)
By using a common bacteria, scientists have figured out a way to potentially sterilize disease-carrying mosquitoes. (voanews.com)
Unwrapping some of the mystery from how plants and bacteria communicate in this dance of immunity, hardworking scientists in my laboratory here at the University of California, Davis, have identified the bacterial molecule that matches up with a specific receptor in rice plants to ward off a devastating disease known as bacterial blight of rice. (scienceblogs.com)
Using non-pathogenic bacteria found naturally in the intestine and food, scientists from Inserm and Inra have designed modified bacteria to produce Elafin. (aviesan.fr)
Nov. 18 (UPI) -- Scientists in Germany and the Netherlands have successfully cultivated dozens of new marine bacteria in the laboratory. (upi.com)
Tests reveal that the chewing gum can reduce the amount of bacteria in the mouth fifty times, the scientists report. (livescience.com)
The movement of bacteria could be used to provide a power source for electronics, according to a team of scientists from Oxford University. (rt.com)
Last week, scientists reported on a 5-year study of all the bacteria that inhabit the human body - 100 trillion of them, weighing 2 to 6 pounds total (in a 200-pound person) - and of 10,000 different types, though not all of them will reside in any one particular person. (latimes.com)
The Yanomami villagers, secluded from the outside world until 2009, possessed the most diverse collection of bacteria ever found in people including some never before detected in humans, says scientists whose research was published on April 17 in the journal Science Advances. (thestar.com.my)
The newly engineered bacterium, known as ALK2, ferments cellulose to produce ethanol more efficiently, the scientists write in Proceedings of the National Academy of Science . (abc.net.au)
Scientists have discovered a molecule that some virulent bacteria need in order to latch onto a host. (gizmodo.com)

The finding that intestinal viruses can substitute for intestinal bacteria to promote the health of their mammalian hosts raises the possibility that viruses in the gut may be beneficial in some circumstances. (nature.com)
Intestinal bacteria benefit the host by aiding nutrition, promoting immune-cell development and protecting from intestinal damage, but it is unclear whether other members of the microbiota have similar roles. (nature.com)
In fact, your stomach can feel just fine while unhealthy bacteria lurking in the intestinal track are wreaking havoc on your overall health. (pcrm.org)
Nathalie Vergnolle, director of research at Inserm, and her team at the Centre for Physiopathology at Toulouse Purpan (CPTP Inserm / Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier /CNRS), with Philippe Langella director of research at INRA and his team at the Institut Micalis (1), in collaboration with the Institut Pasteur, have recently succeeded in producing "beneficial bacteria" capable of protecting the body against intestinal inflammation. (aviesan.fr)
In different mice models of chronic or acute intestinal inflammation, oral treatment using these Elafin-producing bacteria provided significant protection of the intestine and decreased inflammatory symptoms. (aviesan.fr)
Elafin expressed by these bacteria also protects cultured human intestinal cell lines from inflammatory outbreaks similar to those observed in chronic inflammatory bowel diseases. (aviesan.fr)
Overall, patients with Crohn's have less diversity among their intestinal bacteria than healthy individuals. (webmd.com)

Bacterial infections can lead to the formation of pus, or to the spread of the bacteria in the blood. (medlineplus.gov)
Cases of infections from a flesh-eating bacteria seem to be increasing in Australia. (inhabitat.com)
Test out what you know about bacteria and the infections they cause through the quiz below. (proprofs.com)
ax21 is also found in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, a bacterium that causes respiratory and urinary tract infections in humans. (scienceblogs.com)
This means that infections caused by these bacteria are harder to treat, but that doesn't necessarily mean that they are more harmful or infectious. (bartleby.com)
But bacteria can cause trouble too, as with cavities, urinary tract infections , ear infections , or strep throat . (kidshealth.org)
The ever-changing resistance patterns of bacteria severely cripple the ability of health care providers to manage and treat infections. (reviewofcontactlenses.com)
The emergence of drug resistance in bacteria is undermining our ability to treat bacterial infections and perform a range of modern medical procedures, including chemotherapy, surgery, dialysis, and organ transplantation. (cdc.gov)

You'll learn about the link between gut bacteria and food cravings. (pcrm.org)
Dr. Loomis rejoins Chuck to talk about the link between gut bacteria and the immune system. (pcrm.org)
An exploratory study has identified a link between gut bacteria and post-traumatic stress disorder that could bring us closer to fathoming the mechanisms of the complex condition. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The first population-based study to show a link between gut bacteria and mental health was recently released. (medscape.com)

It adds another link to the gut bacterial involvement in the onset of disorder," says Glenn Gibson of the University of Reading, UK, who has previously identified abnormally high levels of clostridium bacteria in children with autism. (newscientist.com)
Meanwhile, Derrick MacFabe of the University of Western Ontario in London, Canada, and his colleagues have found that short-chain fatty acids produced by clostridium bacteria can induce reversible autism-like behavioural and biochemical changes in rats. (newscientist.com)
Compared to the control mice, the stressed animals showed two marked differences: The proportion of one important type of bacteria in the gut - Bacteroides - fell by 20 to 25 percent while another type - Clostridium - increased a similar amount. (medindia.net)
Clostridium difficile , often referred to as "C. diff," is a bacterium that can cause diarrhea. (nationaljewish.org)

Not only do they protect us from viruses and bacteria, but they also give protection against dust and pollution and, hence, they should be worn at all times. (hindustantimes.com)

Geologists in Queensland, Australia have discovered a unique type of bacteria that forges small bits of gold into. (inhabitat.com)
Katherine Lamba] What was unusual was the type of bacteria that were producing the Shiga toxins, rather than the toxins themselves. (cdc.gov)

Such organisms produce antibiotic compounds and deploy them in the fight against other bacteria for nutrients and habitats. (upi.com)
Bacteria are single-celled minute organisms found inside and outside our bodies. (bartleby.com)
Bacteria are singled cell micro-organisms. (bartleby.com)
Bacteria are tiny, single-celled organisms that get nutrients from their environments. (kidshealth.org)
Protozoa (pronounced: pro-toe-ZO-uh) are one-celled organisms, like bacteria. (kidshealth.org)
Bacteria are a type of unicellular organisms that lack any membrane-bound organelle. (drawinscience.fr)
Unlike more complex organisms, such as eukaryotes, bacteria lack an enclosed nucleus and instead the DNA floats in a bunched tangle called the nucleoid. (si.edu)

are tickborne obligate intracellular and the 16S rRNA gene was detected in 10% (3/30) bacteria and comprise different pathogenic spe- of samples. (cdc.gov)
It's easy to imagine that a mutation in the PAMP that would destroy the crucial tyrosines would prevent recognition of ax21 by XA21 would render non-pathogenic bacterium pathogenic. (scienceblogs.com)
That's not the case here: The bacteria found in the apples is different, says Wassermann, because there would need to be a high abundance of pathogenic strains to cause a disease, which was not present the samples. (bicycling.com)

study , published in Frontiers in Microbiology , found that apples contain 100 million bacteria. (bicycling.com)

Ramin Sabet Azad added his genetically modified bacteria to glycerol. (lu.se)

In most instances, antibiotic resistance, which is a natural phenomenon, occurs when bacteria undergo or acquire mutation to alter the target sites of drugs. (bartleby.com)
Few studies have investigated occurrence of Antibiotic Resistance Genes (ARGs) among bacteria including Aminoglycoside Modifying Genes (AMGs) from Drinking Water Distribution Systems (DWDS) in Nigeria . (bvsalud.org)

A symptom is a throat infection caused by toxins associated with scarlet fever.Which bacteria is it? (proprofs.com)
One possibility is that the gut bacteria in children with autism are producing toxins that might interfere with brain development. (newscientist.com)
Gut bacteria also influence the biology and function of the brain through the production of hormones or neurotransmitters, molecules that alter immune function, and toxins. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Stress hormones can alter their growth and damage the lining of the gut, allowing both bacteria and their toxins to get into the bloodstream. (medicalnewstoday.com)
P. gingivalis 's main toxins, the enzymes the bacterium need to exert its devilish tasks, are good targets for potential new medical interventions to counteract a variety of diseases," said Potempa. (eurekalert.org)
The genes that code for Shiga toxins are generally carried by bacteriophages, which are viruses that can infect bacteria. (cdc.gov)

Aquascape Beneficial Bacteria Dry - 1.1 lbs. (aquaticponds.com)
The Aquascape Beneficial Bacteria contains 8 pure strains of concentrated beneficial bacteria, including PSB bacteria and enzymes. (aquaticponds.com)
These results may result in a clinical application where Elafin would be administered to patients suffering from IBDs using beneficial bacteria (probiotic), which are already commonly found in food (yoghurt, cheese), thus protecting the patients from inflammatory symptoms. (aviesan.fr)
Chewing gum, toothpaste and deodorant might soon contain beneficial bacteria to fight tooth decay and underarm stench . (livescience.com)
And certain types of harmful bacteria appear to be increased in Crohn's patients, while the amounts of beneficial bacteria are decreased, the study found. (webmd.com)
Six types of harmful bacteria were elevated in patients with Crohn's compared to those without inflammation, while levels of four varieties of bacteria that are thought to be beneficial to digestion and health were lower in those patients. (webmd.com)
Many of them are not harmful, some are beneficial to us but there are also dieses-causing bacteria. (bartleby.com)
Some of the bacteria found in the Yanomami but not in the others offer beneficial effects like protecting against kidney stones. (thestar.com.my)

The 23-pound satellite will run experiments that involve growing and then starving E. coli bacteria, applying different concentrations of antibiotic agents, and determining the lowest level of antibiotic that could deter the growth of bacteria . (asme.org)
Kwon and his colleagues tested the method on infectious bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli . (sciencenews.org)
When you hear "bacteria" and "produce," the first thing that probably pops into your mind is nasty cases of food poisoning, which are commonly caused by bacteria like E. Coli , Staphylococcus aureus , or Bacillus cerus , as well as by viruses. (bicycling.com)
250,000 E. coli O157:H7 (E. coli) bacteria will fit on the head of a pin. (marlerblog.com)
Therefore, Ramin Sabet Azad transferred the genes that contributed to the favourable properties to another bacterium, Escherichia coli , which is both cheaper to cultivate and grows faster than the lactic acid bacterium. (lu.se)
In the United States, Shiga toxin-producing E. coli is the most common bacteria that produces Shiga toxin. (cdc.gov)

Anaerobic bacteria : selected topics / edited by Dwight W. Lambe, Robert J. Genco and K. J. Mayberry-Carson. (who.int)
IMSEAR at SEARO: Endophthalmitis caused by anaerobic bacteria. (who.int)
A retrospective analysis of 22 patients who underwent pars plana vitrectomy for endophthalmitis and had culture-proven anaerobic bacteria, was done. (who.int)

Emerging Tickborne Bacteria & Tissue Kit (https://www.qiagen.com), accord- in Cattle from Colombia ing to the manufacturer's instructions. (cdc.gov)

A new study from the Center for Infection and Immunity at Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health published today in the journal mBio has found that New York City mice carry the bacteria responsible for many of the causes of gastroenteritis in humans. (healthline.com)
Some of the bacteria found also demonstrated antimicrobial resistance to two classes of antibiotic medications, meaning they could be harder to treat if they lead to infection. (healthline.com)
This bacteria is important as it breaks down food so that nutrients can be absorbed and it also helps to fight the bad bacteria that causes infection and disease. (bartleby.com)
A new bandage accelerates the healing of burns and destroys invading bacteria to prevent infection. (aiche.org)
However, when they kill bad bacteria, they also kill good bacteria that help protect you from infection. (nationaljewish.org)
More specifically, the three most commonly encountered bacteria accounting for ocular surface infection are Staphylococcus , Streptococcus and Haemophilus . (reviewofcontactlenses.com)

Now new research finds these furry animals carry bacteria that can cause abdominal pain or gastrointestinal distress in humans. (healthline.com)
However, this study didn't find a definitive link between mice carrying bacteria and humans contracting disease. (healthline.com)
Katherine Lamba] Shigellae are bacteria that can cause a diarrheal illness in humans. (cdc.gov)

But I wondered just how long it took for bacteria to grow in the bags and, importantly, if positive cultures would be found even in bags appearing unsoiled. (medscape.com)
S. aureus bacteria are amongst the populations of bacteria normally found existing on ones skin surface. (cdc.gov)
Dr. Malan-Müller and her colleagues found that while the overall diversity of the gut microbe population in the PTSD and the trauma-exposed participants was largely similar, there were differences in the abundance of certain classes of bacteria. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Salmonella enterica was one of the bacteria found in the mice. (healthline.com)
Here, we've found a compound that sensitizes bacteria to an antibiotic, prevents drug resistance from arising, and even reverses drug resistance - at least in the lab. (news-medical.net)
To this end, the human Elafin gene, isolated in collaboration with a team from the Institut Pasteau, was introduced in Lactococcus lactis and Lactobacillus casei, two food-grade bacteria found in dairy products. (aviesan.fr)
When administered orally to mice, the human Elafin-producing bacteria are found a few hours later on the surface of the intestine where they deliver the anti-inflammatory protein. (aviesan.fr)
The bacteria found in yogurt might come to the rescue. (livescience.com)
Strains of the bacteria have been found to cut down on odor-producing bacteria that dwell in underarms and feet. (livescience.com)
Gros found this sulfur-oxidizing bacteria attached to the sediment under waterlogged mangrove trees around Guadeloupe. (popsci.com)
Most bacteria is very useful and good for us such as the bacteria found in each person's digestive tract. (bartleby.com)
The organic apples were found to contain a more balanced, diverse makeup of bacteria, than conventional samples, which may be better for your gut. (bicycling.com)
According to a study recently published in Nature magazine , the drip trays of dozens of Nespresso Inissia espresso machines were studied and found to contain between 35 and 67 different genera of bacteria. (coffeedetective.com)
Interestingly, for the first few days, a lot of a different bacteria found their way to the drip tray. (coffeedetective.com)
Recently, when members of the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory found that electrodes in ocean sediments could generate electricity, the possible involvement of bacteria was more obvious. (nsf.gov)
A separate study found an association between depleted or elevated gut bacteria and increased risk for dementia. (medscape.com)
Likewise, a study from UCLA found that certain gut bacteria mediate the anticonvulsant effects of the ketogenic diet. (medscape.com)
We found low levels of some metals, volatile organic compounds, bacteria, and particles in our air samples. (cdc.gov)

Bacteria produce electricity by generating electrons in their cells and then transferring them across their cell membranes via tiny channels formed by surface proteins in a process known as extracellular electron transfer, or EET. (cosmosmagazine.com)
We grow the bacteria on one of the electrodes, to which the bacteria donate electrons resulting from the conversion of methane. (scienceblog.com)
Mingdong Dong, Jie Song and Nils Risgaard-Petersen Bacteria living in sediments at the bottom of Aarhus Bay in Denmark can exchange electrons with other bacteria as far as 1 centimeter away-the equivalent of 12 miles if the bacteria were the size of people, Wired Science reported. (the-scientist.com)
These bacteria exist to oxidize metal and pass electrons to whatever will take them," he said. (nsf.gov)

The bacteria, Candidatus Methanoperedens, use methane to grow and naturally occur in fresh water such as ditches and lakes. (scienceblog.com)
Naturally occurring bacteria can also ferment cellulose, but they do it at lower temperatures that require the use of an expensive enzyme called cellulase, says study author Professor Lee Lynd of Dartmouth College. (abc.net.au)
While washing them won't remove the bacteria that is naturally a part of the fruit, it will help minimize you ingesting anything that happened in handling between the orchard, store, and your gym bag, Wassermann said. (bicycling.com)
Nitrifying bacteria can take weeks to naturally establish colonies in new aquariums while ammonia and nitrite can reach lethal levels in only a few days. (coralreeftn.com)
Here we develop cell -based DNA sensors by engineering the naturally competent bacterium Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) to detect specific DNA sequences in the environment . (bvsalud.org)

Botulism, a fatal disease spread through spores in (poisoned) food, is caused by which Gram + bacteria? (proprofs.com)

In addition to its astounding size and DNA organization, T. magnifica also has three times the amount of genes than most bacteria. (popsci.com)
Bacteria can carry traits or genes that allow them to survive exposure to the medicine we currently have. (bartleby.com)

The bacteria Mycobacterium. (inhabitat.com)
Tuberculosis is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis . (news-medical.net)

Simulations and theory indicate that the "synchronized swimming" of bacteria occurs in much sparser suspensions of the microorganisms than expected. (aps.org)
Increase the density of bacteria suspended in a liquid, and the microorganisms will switch from seeming to swim at random to swimming collectively. (aps.org)

House mice have been known to carry bacteria as they burrow their way into homes. (healthline.com)
They detected evidence of the bacteria in brain samples from people with Alzheimer's and used mice to show that the bacterium can find its way from the mouth to the brain. (eurekalert.org)
Michael Bailey, an assistant professor of dentistry and member of the Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research at Ohio State University and colleagues turned to mice to better understand the roles that bacteria play in immune balance. (medindia.net)
But some studies in mice have offered evidence that the bacteria may be the root of the illness. (webmd.com)
The most striking differences were observed within a large grouping of bacteria called Firmicutes: Though there were Firmicutes aplenty in both types of mice -- 1,321 different types -- only 20 of the specific types were shared. (latimes.com)
Second, there were similar immune system defects in germ-free mice and the mice with human bacteria in them -- such as fewer T cells of various types in the small intestine, improper activation and proliferation of immune cells, different gene activity in immune cells and lowered production of antimicrobial chemicals. (latimes.com)

We grow the bacteria in sugar and water to produce the product, then purify and separate that product out of that water. (scientificamerican.com)

Almost half of all cats carry the bacteria. (proprofs.com)

With practice, the vast majority of bacteria can be removed. (bio.net)
Often regarded as vectors of disease, the majority of bacteria are actually harmless and in fact integral to ecosystems across the globe. (si.edu)

The good bacteria might also be used in new deodorants. (livescience.com)
Until the good bacteria in your stomach and intestines can grow back, you can get sick from C. diff. (nationaljewish.org)
Some of the bacteria destroyed is "good" bacteria which can cause an increased risk of developing allergies (hygiene hypothesis). (edublogs.org)

Now there's an LED bulb to fight bacteria. (theprint.in)
In fact, they come with antimicrobial properties and help fight bacteria in the mouth. (thenewsify.com)

This Silicibacter is a type of marine bacteria that lives on a specific host dinoflagellate. (si.edu)

Where does it live as a part of the natural fauna of the human body, creating an acidic environment to help fight off the growth of harmful bacteria? (proprofs.com)
are good for our bodies - they help keep the digestive system in working order and keep harmful bacteria from moving in. (kidshealth.org)

For the study, Jogler and his colleagues deployed both human divers and deep-sea robots to search for Planctomycetes, a unique phylum of aquatic bacteria, at several marine locations in the Mediterranean, North, Baltic and Black seas, as well as the Atlantic, Pacific and Arctic oceans. (upi.com)

A new study finds that tiny pests are carrying plenty of bacteria. (healthline.com)
This study was conducted on bacteria growing in a lab. (news-medical.net)
Bacteria may offer a new way to treat cancer , a small, preliminary study suggests. (news24.com)
Five of the six patients are still alive, while one died from unrelated causes several months after receiving the bacteria injection, according to the study to be presented at the annual Symposium on Clinical Interventional Oncology in Hollywood, Florida. (news24.com)
But with further study, Silvina Gonzalez-Rizzo, an associate professor of molecular biology at the University of the French Antilles and an author on the paper, used genetic sequencing to identify it as prokaryotic-and more specifically, a bacteria. (popsci.com)
WEDNESDAY, March 12, 2014 (HealthDay News) -- The community of bacteria that typically live in the human gut is radically altered in patients with Crohn's disease , a new study shows. (webmd.com)
These sequences acted like barcodes to identify the genetic signatures of the bacteria that were present, explained study researcher Dirk Gevers, a computational biologist at the Broad Institute, a joint project of MIT and Harvard in Cambridge, Mass. (webmd.com)
The study, published yesterday (October 24) in Nature , adds to a growing body of literature on bacteria using electricity to communicate and survive. (the-scientist.com)
Microbial biologist Raquel Peixoto, from the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology in Saudi Arabia, led a promising study into the application of bacteria to coral that helps reefs withstand increases in water temperature. (springwise.com)
From what I understand, all the bacteria in the study arrived from the environment, not from the capsules of coffee that were used in the brewers. (coffeedetective.com)
The study was conducted for a few reasons, including an interest in finding out whether bacteria could be used as part of a coffee decaffeination process. (coffeedetective.com)
Thus, a dedicated study was designed to assess the presence of bacteria that can reasonably reduce perchlorate levels. (unisa.it)
In the current study, As(III)-oxidizing bacteria Pseudomonas sp. (bvsalud.org)

Thousands of people have gotten sick from water contaminated with bacteria or parasites from other people's diarrhea, according to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention's Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report . (popularmechanics.com)
Bacteria and parasites continue to be recognized as important causes of diarrhea worldwide. (cdc.gov)
Use of EIAs, tissue culture, molecular probes, and the polymerase chain reaction has improved the diagnosis of diarrhea caused by bacteria, and special concentrating and staining techniques have improved the process of detecting parasites such as Cryptosporidium and I. belli. (cdc.gov)

The disease is cause by which of the following Gram - cocobacillus bacteria with flagella? (proprofs.com)
Which bacteria causes this disease? (proprofs.com)
The association between an exacerbation and the isolation of a new strain of a bacterial pathogen supports the causative role of bacteria in exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. (nih.gov)
We therefore hypothesize that the low levels of those three bacteria may have resulted in immune dysregulation and heightened levels of inflammation in individuals with PTSD, which may have contributed to their disease symptoms. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Bacteria involved in periodontitis have been linked with Alzheimer's disease, aspiration pneumonia, rheumatoid arthritis and other common disorders. (eurekalert.org)
The bacterium, Porphyromonas gingivalis , is the bad actor involved in periodontitis, the most serious form of gum disease. (eurekalert.org)
A receptor molecule in the plant pairs up with a specific molecule on the invading bacteria and, presto, the immune system swings into action to defend against the invasion of the disease-causing microbe. (scienceblogs.com)
TAMPA, Fla. - The Centers for Disease Control has just identified more than 220 strains of what they call "nightmare bacteria" that can kill up to 50 percent of the people who catch them. (3newsnow.com)

A bacterium is a unicellular organism, or prokaryote, with a relatively simple cell structure. (si.edu)

While it is not harmful in most people, if it grows to large numbers the bacteria provoke the body's immune system to create inflammation, leading to redness, swelling, bleeding and the erosion of gum tissue. (eurekalert.org)
Body's bacteria don't outnumber human cells so much after all. (bvsalud.org)

Which is false of the Brucella bacteria? (proprofs.com)

These two bacteria are known to be important for regulating the immune system. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Making matters worse, P. gingivalis even causes benign bacteria in the mouth to change their activities and further increase the immune response. (eurekalert.org)
Stress not only sends the human immune system into overdrive - but it can also wreak havoc on the trillions of bacteria that work and thrive inside our digestive system, says a new research. (medindia.net)
That showed that the bacteria are involved in the ability of stress to prime the innate immune system," added Bailey. (medindia.net)
This week, an interesting article published in the journal Cell points to just how crucial the correct bacteria may be for developing a robust immune system. (latimes.com)

A newly discovered bacteria challenges the rules of cells, puzzling microbiologists. (popsci.com)

From glycerol you first get the molecule 3-HPA that bacteria consume and convert into 3-HP, which is a useful platform chemical. (lu.se)

By combining C10, or something like it, with isoniazid we could enhance the potency of the antibiotic and block the TB bacteria from developing drug resistance,' Stallings said. (news-medical.net)

Anatomy16

Organisms96

Diseases5

Chemicals and Drugs44

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment22

Phenomena and Processes63

Disciplines and Occupations6

Technology, Industry, Agriculture4

Information Science4

Health Care18

Geographicals1

Tobramycin, amikacin, sissomicin, and gentamicin resistant Gram-negative rods. (1/19400)

Automated food microbiology: potential for the hydrophobic grid-membrane filter. (2/19400)

Anopheles gambiae Ag-STAT, a new insect member of the STAT family, is activated in response to bacterial infection. (3/19400)

Desulfocella halophila gen. nov., sp. nov., a halophilic, fatty-acid-oxidizing, sulfate-reducing bacterium isolated from sediments of the Great Salt Lake. (4/19400)

The influence of a diet rich in wheat fibre on the human faecal flora. (5/19400)

In vitro activities of aminomethyl-substituted analogs of novel tetrahydrofuranyl carbapenems. (6/19400)

Antimicrobial activities of synthetic bismuth compounds against Clostridium difficile. (7/19400)

3-Hydroxylaminophenol mutase from Ralstonia eutropha JMP134 catalyzes a Bamberger rearrangement. (8/19400)

Bacteria

Gram-Negative Bacteria

Gram-Positive Bacteria

Bacteria, Anaerobic

RNA, Ribosomal, 16S

Bacteria, Aerobic

DNA, Bacterial

Molecular Sequence Data

Bacterial Proteins

Phylogeny

Escherichia coli

DNA, Ribosomal

Sequence Analysis, DNA

Water Microbiology

Gram-Negative Aerobic Bacteria

Gram-Negative Anaerobic Bacteria

Bacterial Physiological Phenomena

Soil Microbiology

Anti-Bacterial Agents

Sulfur-Reducing Bacteria

Genes, Bacterial

RNA, Bacterial

Seawater

Colony Count, Microbial

Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial

Culture Media

Anaerobiosis

Genes, rRNA

Genome, Bacterial

Symbiosis

Base Composition

Biodegradation, Environmental

Bacterial Adhesion

Amino Acid Sequence

Pseudomonas

Species Specificity

Enterobacteriaceae

Base Sequence

Fresh Water

Bacteriological Techniques

Gammaproteobacteria

Biofilms

Microbial Sensitivity Tests

Bacterial Infections

Fermentation

Geologic Sediments

Proteobacteria

Bacteroides

Aerobiosis

Bacterial Typing Techniques

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Staphylococcus aureus

Betaproteobacteria

Microbial Viability

Vibrio

Streptococcus

Cytophaga

Virulence

Hydrogen-Ion Concentration

Fatty Acids

Bacillus

Temperature

Cloning, Molecular

Polymerase Chain Reaction

Plasmids

Oxidation-Reduction

Salmonella typhimurium

Archaea

Mutation

Fungi

Feces

Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections

Antibiosis

Clostridium

Sequence Homology, Amino Acid

Eubacterium

Bacillus subtilis

Intestines

Actinobacteria

Mouth