Acute or chronic pain in the lumbar or sacral regions, which may be associated with musculo-ligamentous SPRAINS AND STRAINS; INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT; and other conditions.
Acute or chronic pain located in the posterior regions of the THORAX; LUMBOSACRAL REGION; or the adjacent regions.
An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.
Aching sensation that persists for more than a few months. It may or may not be associated with trauma or disease, and may persist after the initial injury has healed. Its localization, character, and timing are more vague than with acute pain.
Scales, questionnaires, tests, and other methods used to assess pain severity and duration in patients or experimental animals to aid in diagnosis, therapy, and physiological studies.
The rear surface of an upright primate from the shoulders to the hip, or the dorsal surface of tetrapods.
A form of therapy that employs a coordinated and interdisciplinary approach for easing the suffering and improving the quality of life of those experiencing pain.
Discomfort or more intense forms of pain that are localized to the cervical region. This term generally refers to pain in the posterior or lateral regions of the neck.
Amount of stimulation required before the sensation of pain is experienced.
Intensely discomforting, distressful, or agonizing sensation associated with trauma or disease, with well-defined location, character, and timing.
VERTEBRAE in the region of the lower BACK below the THORACIC VERTEBRAE and above the SACRAL VERTEBRAE.
Pain during the period after surgery.
Determination of the degree of a physical, mental, or emotional handicap. The diagnosis is applied to legal qualification for benefits and income under disability insurance and to eligibility for Social Security and workmen's compensation benefits.
Persistent pain that is refractory to some or all forms of treatment.
General or unspecified injuries to the posterior part of the trunk. It includes injuries to the muscles of the back.
Region of the back including the LUMBAR VERTEBRAE, SACRUM, and nearby structures.
Pain in the pelvic region of genital and non-genital origin and of organic or psychogenic etiology. Frequent causes of pain are distension or contraction of hollow viscera, rapid stretching of the capsule of a solid organ, chemical irritation, tissue ischemia, and neuritis secondary to inflammatory, neoplastic, or fibrotic processes in adjacent organs. (Kase, Weingold & Gershenson: Principles and Practice of Clinical Gynecology, 2d ed, pp479-508)
Sensation of discomfort, distress, or agony in the abdominal region.
Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care. (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)
Therapeutic modalities frequently used in PHYSICAL THERAPY SPECIALTY by PHYSICAL THERAPISTS or physiotherapists to promote, maintain, or restore the physical and physiological well-being of an individual.
A type of pain that is perceived in an area away from the site where the pain arises, such as facial pain caused by lesion of the VAGUS NERVE, or throat problem generating referred pain in the ear.
The process by which PAIN is recognized and interpreted by the brain.
An occupational discipline founded by D.D. Palmer in the 1890's based on the relationship of the spine to health and disease.
Adjustment and manipulation of the vertebral column.
A condition characterized by pain radiating from the back into the buttock and posterior/lateral aspects of the leg. Sciatica may be a manifestation of SCIATIC NEUROPATHY; RADICULOPATHY (involving the SPINAL NERVE ROOTS; L4, L5, S1, or S2, often associated with INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT); or lesions of the CAUDA EQUINA.
An INTERVERTEBRAL DISC in which the nucleus pulposus has protruded through surrounding fibrocartilage. This occurs most frequently in the lower lumbar region.
Any of the 23 plates of fibrocartilage found between the bodies of adjacent VERTEBRAE.
Moving or bringing something from a lower level to a higher one. The concept encompasses biomechanic stresses resulting from work done in transferring objects from one plane to another as well as the effects of varying techniques of patient handling and transfer.
Pain in the facial region including orofacial pain and craniofacial pain. Associated conditions include local inflammatory and neoplastic disorders and neuralgic syndromes involving the trigeminal, facial, and glossopharyngeal nerves. Conditions which feature recurrent or persistent facial pain as the primary manifestation of disease are referred to as FACIAL PAIN SYNDROMES.
Predetermined sets of questions used to collect data - clinical data, social status, occupational group, etc. The term is often applied to a self-completed survey instrument.
Discomfort stemming from muscles, LIGAMENTS, tendons, and bones.
The immovable joint formed by the lateral surfaces of the SACRUM and ILIUM.
Diseases caused by factors involved in one's employment.
Unilateral or bilateral pain of the shoulder. It is often caused by physical activities such as work or sports participation, but may also be pathologic in origin.
A regimen or plan of physical activities designed and prescribed for specific therapeutic goals. Its purpose is to restore normal musculoskeletal function or to reduce pain caused by diseases or injuries.
Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.
The joint that occurs between facets of the interior and superior articular processes of adjacent VERTEBRAE.
The spinal or vertebral column.
An absence from work permitted because of illness or the number of days per year for which an employer agrees to pay employees who are sick. (Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary, 1981)
Degenerative changes in the INTERVERTEBRAL DISC due to aging or structural damage, especially to the vertebral end-plates.
Compounds capable of relieving pain without the loss of CONSCIOUSNESS.
Procedures used by chiropractors to treat neuromusculoskeletal complaints.
The position or attitude of the body.
Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.
Chronic absence from work or other duty.
The occupational discipline of the traditional Chinese methods of ACUPUNCTURE THERAPY for treating disease by inserting needles along specific pathways or meridians.
Excision, in part or whole, of an INTERVERTEBRAL DISC. The most common indication is disk displacement or herniation. In addition to standard surgical removal, it can be performed by percutaneous diskectomy (DISKECTOMY, PERCUTANEOUS) or by laparoscopic diskectomy, the former being the more common.
Musculoskeletal manipulation based on the principles of OSTEOPATHIC MEDICINE developed in 1874 by Dr Andrew Taylor Still.
Treatment of disease by inserting needles along specific pathways or meridians. The placement varies with the disease being treated. It is sometimes used in conjunction with heat, moxibustion, acupressure, or electric stimulation.
Compounds with activity like OPIATE ALKALOIDS, acting at OPIOID RECEPTORS. Properties include induction of ANALGESIA or NARCOSIS.
The science of designing, building or equipping mechanical devices or artificial environments to the anthropometric, physiological, or psychological requirements of the people who will use them.
Research aimed at assessing the quality and effectiveness of health care as measured by the attainment of a specified end result or outcome. Measures include parameters such as improved health, lowered morbidity or mortality, and improvement of abnormal states (such as elevated blood pressure).
Narrowing of the spinal canal.
Intense or aching pain that occurs along the course or distribution of a peripheral or cranial nerve.
Inflammation of an INTERVERTEBRAL DISC or disk space which may lead to disk erosion. Until recently, discitis has been defined as a nonbacterial inflammation and has been attributed to aseptic processes (e.g., chemical reaction to an injected substance). However, recent studies provide evidence that infection may be the initial cause, but perhaps not the promoter, of most cases of discitis. Discitis has been diagnosed in patients following discography, myelography, lumbar puncture, paravertebral injection, and obstetrical epidural anesthesia. Discitis following chemonucleolysis (especially with chymopapain) is attributed to chemical reaction by some and to introduction of microorganisms by others.
The injection of drugs, most often analgesics, into the spinal canal without puncturing the dura mater.
Muscular pain in numerous body regions that can be reproduced by pressure on TRIGGER POINTS, localized hardenings in skeletal muscle tissue. Pain is referred to a location distant from the trigger points. A prime example is the TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT DYSFUNCTION SYNDROME.
Five fused VERTEBRAE forming a triangle-shaped structure at the back of the PELVIS. It articulates superiorly with the LUMBAR VERTEBRAE, inferiorly with the COCCYX, and anteriorly with the ILIUM of the PELVIS. The sacrum strengthens and stabilizes the PELVIS.
Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.
Diseases of the muscles and their associated ligaments and other connective tissue and of the bones and cartilage viewed collectively.
The systematic and methodical manipulations of body tissues best performed with the hands for the purpose of affecting the nervous and muscular systems and the general circulation.
A condition of persistent pain and discomfort in the BACK and the LEG following lumbar surgery, often seen in patients enrolled in pain centers.
Operative immobilization or ankylosis of two or more vertebrae by fusion of the vertebral bodies with a short bone graft or often with diskectomy or laminectomy. (From Blauvelt & Nelson, A Manual of Orthopaedic Terminology, 5th ed, p236; Dorland, 28th ed)
The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.
The planned and carefully managed manual movement of the musculoskeletal system, extremities, and spine to produce increased motion. The term is sometimes used to denote a precise sequence of movements of a joint to determine the presence of disease or to reduce a dislocation. In the case of fractures, orthopedic manipulation can produce better position and alignment of the fracture. (From Blauvelt & Nelson, A Manual of Orthopaedic Terminology, 5th ed, p264)
A group of twelve VERTEBRAE connected to the ribs that support the upper trunk region.
Forward displacement of a superior vertebral body over the vertebral body below.
Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques.
Deficient development or degeneration of a portion of the VERTEBRA, usually in the pars interarticularis (the bone bridge between the superior and inferior facet joints of the LUMBAR VERTEBRAE) leading to SPONDYLOLISTHESIS.
Various manipulations of body tissues, muscles and bones by hands or equipment to improve health and circulation, relieve fatigue, promote healing.
Cognitive and emotional processes encompassing magnification of pain-related stimuli, feelings of helplessness, and a generally pessimistic orientation.
The distance and direction to which a bone joint can be extended. Range of motion is a function of the condition of the joints, muscles, and connective tissues involved. Joint flexibility can be improved through appropriate MUSCLE STRETCHING EXERCISES.
Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time.
Pain in the joint.
Dull or sharp aching pain caused by stimulated NOCICEPTORS due to tissue injury, inflammation or diseases. It can be divided into somatic or tissue pain and VISCERAL PAIN.
Systematic and thorough inspection of the patient for physical signs of disease or abnormality.
The central part of the body to which the neck and limbs are attached.
Disease having a short and relatively severe course.
Drugs that block nerve conduction when applied locally to nerve tissue in appropriate concentrations. They act on any part of the nervous system and on every type of nerve fiber. In contact with a nerve trunk, these anesthetics can cause both sensory and motor paralysis in the innervated area. Their action is completely reversible. (From Gilman AG, et. al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed) Nearly all local anesthetics act by reducing the tendency of voltage-dependent sodium channels to activate.
Insurance coverage providing compensation and medical benefits to individuals because of work-connected injuries or disease.
Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.
The performance of the basic activities of self care, such as dressing, ambulation, or eating.
Broken bones in the vertebral column.
The properties, processes, and behavior of biological systems under the action of mechanical forces.
Levels within a diagnostic group which are established by various measurement criteria applied to the seriousness of a patient's disorder.
A partial or complete return to the normal or proper physiologic activity of an organ or part following disease or trauma.
Injuries involving the vertebral column.
Inflammation of the joints of the SPINE, the intervertebral articulations.
Interruption of NEURAL CONDUCTION in peripheral nerves or nerve trunks by the injection of a local anesthetic agent (e.g., LIDOCAINE; PHENOL; BOTULINUM TOXINS) to manage or treat pain.
An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.
Methods of PAIN relief that may be used with or in place of ANALGESICS.
An increased sensation of pain or discomfort produced by mimimally noxious stimuli due to damage to soft tissue containing NOCICEPTORS or injury to a peripheral nerve.
A common nonarticular rheumatic syndrome characterized by myalgia and multiple points of focal muscle tenderness to palpation (trigger points). Muscle pain is typically aggravated by inactivity or exposure to cold. This condition is often associated with general symptoms, such as sleep disturbances, fatigue, stiffness, HEADACHES, and occasionally DEPRESSION. There is significant overlap between fibromyalgia and the chronic fatigue syndrome (FATIGUE SYNDROME, CHRONIC). Fibromyalgia may arise as a primary or secondary disease process. It is most frequent in females aged 20 to 50 years. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1494-95)
Persons trained in PHYSICAL THERAPY SPECIALTY to make use of PHYSICAL THERAPY MODALITIES to prevent, correct, and alleviate movement dysfunction.
Analgesia produced by the insertion of ACUPUNCTURE needles at certain ACUPUNCTURE POINTS on the body. This activates small myelinated nerve fibers in the muscle which transmit impulses to the spinal cord and then activate three centers - the spinal cord, midbrain and pituitary/hypothalamus - to produce analgesia.
Persons with physical or mental disabilities that affect or limit their activities of daily living and that may require special accommodations.
A surgical procedure that entails removing all (laminectomy) or part (laminotomy) of selected vertebral lamina to relieve pressure on the SPINAL CORD and/or SPINAL NERVE ROOTS. Vertebral lamina is the thin flattened posterior wall of vertebral arch that forms the vertebral foramen through which pass the spinal cord and nerve roots.
Coordinate set of non-specific behavioral responses to non-psychiatric illness. These may include loss of APPETITE or LIBIDO; disinterest in ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING; or withdrawal from social interaction.
A generic concept reflecting concern with the modification and enhancement of life attributes, e.g., physical, political, moral and social environment; the overall condition of a human life.
Pain associated with OBSTETRIC LABOR in CHILDBIRTH. It is caused primarily by UTERINE CONTRACTION as well as pressure on the CERVIX; BLADDER; and the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. Labor pain mostly occurs in the ABDOMEN; the GROIN; and the BACK.
The pull on a limb or a part thereof. Skin traction (indirect traction) is applied by using a bandage to pull on the skin and fascia where light traction is required. Skeletal traction (direct traction), however, uses pins or wires inserted through bone and is attached to weights, pulleys, and ropes. (From Blauvelt & Nelson, A Manual of Orthopaedic Terminology, 5th ed)
The use of specifically placed small electrodes to deliver electrical impulses across the SKIN to relieve PAIN. It is used less frequently to produce ANESTHESIA.
Introduction of therapeutic agents into the spinal region using a needle and syringe.
The practice of sending a patient to another program or practitioner for services or advice which the referring source is not prepared to provide.
A method in which either the observer(s) or the subject(s) is kept ignorant of the group to which the subjects are assigned.
A surgical operation for the relief of pressure in a body compartment or on a body part. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
Precise and detailed plans for the study of a medical or biomedical problem and/or plans for a regimen of therapy.
The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.
The auxiliary health profession which makes use of PHYSICAL THERAPY MODALITIES to prevent, correct, and alleviate movement dysfunction of anatomic or physiological origin.
Conditions characterized by pain involving an extremity or other body region, HYPERESTHESIA, and localized autonomic dysfunction following injury to soft tissue or nerve. The pain is usually associated with ERYTHEMA; SKIN TEMPERATURE changes, abnormal sudomotor activity (i.e., changes in sweating due to altered sympathetic innervation) or edema. The degree of pain and other manifestations is out of proportion to that expected from the inciting event. Two subtypes of this condition have been described: type I; (REFLEX SYMPATHETIC DYSTROPHY) and type II; (CAUSALGIA). (From Pain 1995 Oct;63(1):127-33)
Paired bundles of NERVE FIBERS entering and leaving the SPINAL CORD at each segment. The dorsal and ventral nerve roots join to form the mixed segmental spinal nerves. The dorsal roots are generally afferent, formed by the central projections of the spinal (dorsal root) ganglia sensory cells, and the ventral roots are efferent, comprising the axons of spinal motor and PREGANGLIONIC AUTONOMIC FIBERS.
Deformities of the SPINE characterized by abnormal bending or flexure in the vertebral column. They may be bending forward (KYPHOSIS), backward (LORDOSIS), or sideway (SCOLIOSIS).
The study of the physiological basis of human and animal behavior.
The affective response to an actual current external danger which subsides with the elimination of the threatening condition.
Assessment of physiological capacities in relation to job requirements. It is usually done by measuring certain physiological (e.g., circulatory and respiratory) variables during a gradually increasing workload until specific limitations occur with respect to those variables.
Pain originating from internal organs (VISCERA) associated with autonomic phenomena (PALLOR; SWEATING; NAUSEA; and VOMITING). It often becomes a REFERRED PAIN.
Care which provides integrated, accessible health care services by clinicians who are accountable for addressing a large majority of personal health care needs, developing a sustained partnership with patients, and practicing in the context of family and community. (JAMA 1995;273(3):192)
Muscles forming the ABDOMINAL WALL including RECTUS ABDOMINIS, external and internal oblique muscles, transversus abdominis, and quadratus abdominis. (from Stedman, 25th ed)
The physical state of supporting an applied load. This often refers to the weight-bearing bones or joints that support the body's weight, especially those in the spine, hip, knee, and foot.
The act, process, or result of passing from one place or position to another. It differs from LOCOMOTION in that locomotion is restricted to the passing of the whole body from one place to another, while movement encompasses both locomotion but also a change of the position of the whole body or any of its parts. Movement may be used with reference to humans, vertebrate and invertebrate animals, and microorganisms. Differentiate also from MOTOR ACTIVITY, movement associated with behavior.
The degree to which the individual regards the health care service or product or the manner in which it is delivered by the provider as useful, effective, or beneficial.
Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are defined populations which, as a whole, are followed in an attempt to determine distinguishing subgroup characteristics.
The teaching or training of patients concerning their own health needs.
A method of studying a drug or procedure in which both the subjects and investigators are kept unaware of who is actually getting which specific treatment.
Methods of delivering drugs into a joint space.
A degenerative spinal disease that can involve any part of the VERTEBRA, the INTERVERTEBRAL DISK, and the surrounding soft tissue.
The cavity within the SPINAL COLUMN through which the SPINAL CORD passes.
A plan for collecting and utilizing data so that desired information can be obtained with sufficient precision or so that an hypothesis can be tested properly.
The promotion and maintenance of physical and mental health in the work environment.
Confinement of an individual to bed for therapeutic or experimental reasons.
Resumption of normal work routine following a hiatus or period of absence due to injury, disability, or other reasons.
Productive or purposeful activities.
Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.
Methods or programs of physical activities which can be used to promote, maintain, or restore the physical and physiological well-being of an individual.
The total amount of work to be performed by an individual, a department, or other group of workers in a period of time.
A subclass of analgesic agents that typically do not bind to OPIOID RECEPTORS and are not addictive. Many non-narcotic analgesics are offered as NONPRESCRIPTION DRUGS.
Production of an image when x-rays strike a fluorescent screen.
Inflammation of the SPINE. This includes both arthritic and non-arthritic conditions.
Procedure in which an anesthetic is injected into the epidural space.
Designated locations along nerves or organ meridians for inserting acupuncture needles.
A chronic inflammatory condition affecting the axial joints, such as the SACROILIAC JOINT and other intervertebral or costovertebral joints. It occurs predominantly in young males and is characterized by pain and stiffness of joints (ANKYLOSIS) with inflammation at tendon insertions.
Deep muscles in the BACK whose function is to extend and rotate the SPINE and maintain POSTURE. It consists splenius, semispinalis, multifidus, rotatores, interspinales, intertransversarii and sacrospinalis.
Circumscribed collections of suppurative material occurring in the spinal or intracranial EPIDURAL SPACE. The majority of epidural abscesses occur in the spinal canal and are associated with OSTEOMYELITIS of a vertebral body; ANALGESIA, EPIDURAL; and other conditions. Clinical manifestations include local and radicular pain, weakness, sensory loss, URINARY INCONTINENCE, and FECAL INCONTINENCE. Cranial epidural abscesses are usually associated with OSTEOMYELITIS of a cranial bone, SINUSITIS, or OTITIS MEDIA. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p710 and pp1240-1; J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1998 Aug;65(2):209-12)
Adhesive tape with the mechanical strength to resist stretching. It is applied to the skin to support, stabilize, and restrict movement to aid healing and/or prevent injuries of MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM.
The symptom of PAIN in the cranial region. It may be an isolated benign occurrence or manifestation of a wide variety of HEADACHE DISORDERS.
Training of the mentally or physically disabled in work skills so they may be returned to regular employment utilizing these skills.
A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.
The space or compartment surrounded by the pelvic girdle (bony pelvis). It is subdivided into the greater pelvis and LESSER PELVIS. The pelvic girdle is formed by the PELVIC BONES and SACRUM.
The science dealing with the study of mental processes and behavior in man and animals.
Percutaneous excision of a herniated or displaced INTERVERTEBRAL DISC by posterolateral approach, always remaining outside the spinal canal. Percutaneous nucleotomy was first described by Hijikata in Japan in 1975. In 1985 Onik introduced automated percutaneous nucleotomy which consists in percutaneous aspiration of the nucleus pulposus. It is carried out under local anesthesia, thus reducing the surgical insult and requiring brief hospitalization, often performed on an outpatient basis. It appears to be a well-tolerated alternative to surgical diskectomy and chymopapain nucleolysis.
Facilities providing diagnostic, therapeutic, and palliative services for patients with severe chronic pain. These may be free-standing clinics or hospital-based and serve ambulatory or inpatient populations. The approach is usually multidisciplinary. These clinics are often referred to as "acute pain services". (From Br Med Bull 1991 Jul;47(3):762-85)
Statistical models which describe the relationship between a qualitative dependent variable (that is, one which can take only certain discrete values, such as the presence or absence of a disease) and an independent variable. A common application is in epidemiology for estimating an individual's risk (probability of a disease) as a function of a given risk factor.
The state of being engaged in an activity or service for wages or salary.
Works about clinical trials that involve at least one test treatment and one control treatment, concurrent enrollment and follow-up of the test- and control-treated groups, and in which the treatments to be administered are selected by a random process, such as the use of a random-numbers table.
Harmful and painful condition caused by overuse or overexertion of some part of the musculoskeletal system, often resulting from work-related physical activities. It is characterized by inflammation, pain, or dysfunction of the involved joints, bones, ligaments, and nerves.
Therapeutic practices which are not currently considered an integral part of conventional allopathic medical practice. They may lack biomedical explanations but as they become better researched some (PHYSICAL THERAPY MODALITIES; DIET; ACUPUNCTURE) become widely accepted whereas others (humors, radium therapy) quietly fade away, yet are important historical footnotes. Therapies are termed as Complementary when used in addition to conventional treatments and as Alternative when used instead of conventional treatment.
Anti-inflammatory agents that are non-steroidal in nature. In addition to anti-inflammatory actions, they have analgesic, antipyretic, and platelet-inhibitory actions.They act by blocking the synthesis of prostaglandins by inhibiting cyclooxygenase, which converts arachidonic acid to cyclic endoperoxides, precursors of prostaglandins. Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis accounts for their analgesic, antipyretic, and platelet-inhibitory actions; other mechanisms may contribute to their anti-inflammatory effects.
The ability to carry out daily tasks and perform physical activities in a highly functional state, often as a result of physical conditioning.
Therapy by various hot or warm baths in natural mineral waters, spas, or "cures". It includes not only bathing in, but also drinking the waters, but it does not include whirlpool baths (HYDROTHERAPY).
A major orthodox system of Hindu philosophy based on Sankhya (metaphysical dualism) but differing from it in being theistic and characterized by the teaching of raja-yoga as a practical method of liberating the self. It includes a system of exercises for attaining bodily or mental control and well-being with liberation of the self and union with the universal spirit. (From Webster, 3d ed)
A medical specialty concerned with the provision of continuing, comprehensive primary health care for the entire family.
The presence of co-existing or additional diseases with reference to an initial diagnosis or with reference to the index condition that is the subject of study. Comorbidity may affect the ability of affected individuals to function and also their survival; it may be used as a prognostic indicator for length of hospital stay, cost factors, and outcome or survival.
The measurement of the health status for a given population using a variety of indices, including morbidity, mortality, and available health resources.
Directions or principles presenting current or future rules of policy for assisting health care practitioners in patient care decisions regarding diagnosis, therapy, or related clinical circumstances. The guidelines may be developed by government agencies at any level, institutions, professional societies, governing boards, or by the convening of expert panels. The guidelines form a basis for the evaluation of all aspects of health care and delivery.
Tomography using x-ray transmission and a computer algorithm to reconstruct the image.
A method of comparing the cost of a program with its expected benefits in dollars (or other currency). The benefit-to-cost ratio is a measure of total return expected per unit of money spent. This analysis generally excludes consideration of factors that are not measured ultimately in economic terms. Cost effectiveness compares alternative ways to achieve a specific set of results.
A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.
The state of legal insolvency with assets taken over by judicial process so that they may be distributed among creditors.
Peripheral AFFERENT NEURONS which are sensitive to injuries or pain, usually caused by extreme thermal exposures, mechanical forces, or other noxious stimuli. Their cell bodies reside in the DORSAL ROOT GANGLIA. Their peripheral terminals (NERVE ENDINGS) innervate target tissues and transduce noxious stimuli via axons to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.
Place or physical location of work or employment.
In screening and diagnostic tests, the probability that a person with a positive test is a true positive (i.e., has the disease), is referred to as the predictive value of a positive test; whereas, the predictive value of a negative test is the probability that the person with a negative test does not have the disease. Predictive value is related to the sensitivity and specificity of the test.
Space between the dura mater and the walls of the vertebral canal.
Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or the effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from AGING, a physiological process, and TIME FACTORS which refers only to the passage of time.
Application of electric current in treatment without the generation of perceptible heat. It includes electric stimulation of nerves or muscles, passage of current into the body, or use of interrupted current of low intensity to raise the threshold of the skin to pain.
Application of fingers with light pressure to the surface of the body to determine consistence of parts beneath in physical diagnosis; includes palpation for determining the outlines of organs.
Acute and chronic conditions characterized by external mechanical compression of the SPINAL CORD due to extramedullary neoplasm; EPIDURAL ABSCESS; SPINAL FRACTURES; bony deformities of the vertebral bodies; and other conditions. Clinical manifestations vary with the anatomic site of the lesion and may include localized pain, weakness, sensory loss, incontinence, and impotence.
Small-scale tests of methods and procedures to be used on a larger scale if the pilot study demonstrates that these methods and procedures can work.
A POSTURE in which an ideal body mass distribution is achieved. Postural balance provides the body carriage stability and conditions for normal functions in stationary position or in movement, such as sitting, standing, or walking.
The 31 paired peripheral nerves formed by the union of the dorsal and ventral spinal roots from each spinal cord segment. The spinal nerve plexuses and the spinal roots are also included.
A state of harmony between internal needs and external demands and the processes used in achieving this condition. (From APA Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 8th ed)
Disease or injury involving multiple SPINAL NERVE ROOTS. Polyradiculitis refers to inflammation of multiple spinal nerve roots.
Recording of the changes in electric potential of muscle by means of surface or needle electrodes.
Studies in which variables relating to an individual or group of individuals are assessed over a period of time.
A class of statistical methods applicable to a large set of probability distributions used to test for correlation, location, independence, etc. In most nonparametric statistical tests, the original scores or observations are replaced by another variable containing less information. An important class of nonparametric tests employs the ordinal properties of the data. Another class of tests uses information about whether an observation is above or below some fixed value such as the median, and a third class is based on the frequency of the occurrence of runs in the data. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1284; Corsini, Concise Encyclopedia of Psychology, 1987, p764-5)
Persons including soldiers involved with the armed forces.
Musculature of the BACK.
An interval of care by a health care facility or provider for a specific medical problem or condition. It may be continuous or it may consist of a series of intervals marked by one or more brief separations from care, and can also identify the sequence of care (e.g., emergency, inpatient, outpatient), thus serving as one measure of health care provided.
Crafts, trades, professions, or other means of earning a living.
Orthopedic appliances used to support, align, or hold parts of the body in correct position. (Dorland, 28th ed)
An approach of practicing medicine with the goal to improve and evaluate patient care. It requires the judicious integration of best research evidence with the patient's values to make decisions about medical care. This method is to help physicians make proper diagnosis, devise best testing plan, choose best treatment and methods of disease prevention, as well as develop guidelines for large groups of patients with the same disease. (from JAMA 296 (9), 2006)
The body region between (and flanking) the SACRUM and COCCYX.
Maleness or femaleness as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from SEX CHARACTERISTICS, anatomical or physiological manifestations of sex, and from SEX DISTRIBUTION, the number of males and females in given circumstances.
Stress wherein emotional factors predominate.
Procedures used to treat and correct deformities, diseases, and injuries to the MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM, its articulations, and associated structures.
A group of polycyclic compounds closely related biochemically to TERPENES. They include cholesterol, numerous hormones, precursors of certain vitamins, bile acids, alcohols (STEROLS), and certain natural drugs and poisons. Steroids have a common nucleus, a fused, reduced 17-carbon atom ring system, cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene. Most steroids also have two methyl groups and an aliphatic side-chain attached to the nucleus. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed)
The field of nursing care concerned with the promotion, maintenance, and restoration of health.
Pathologic conditions which feature SPINAL CORD damage or dysfunction, including disorders involving the meninges and perimeningeal spaces surrounding the spinal cord. Traumatic injuries, vascular diseases, infections, and inflammatory/autoimmune processes may affect the spinal cord.
A prediction of the probable outcome of a disease based on a individual's condition and the usual course of the disease as seen in similar situations.

A chiropractic service arrangement for musculoskeletal complaints in industry: a pilot study. (1/1089)

Chiropractic services are commonly used by workers with musculoskeletal problems, especially low back and neck complaints. Research into the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of this approach is, however, difficult to design without prior pilot studies. This study followed 32 workers with these complaints attending one such service and used five measures of outcome over a 6-month period. These measured pain (VAS), disability (FLP), quality of life (SF-36), perceived benefit and satisfaction with care. Additionally, sickness costs to the companies were recorded over two years encompassing the study period. Treatment utilization was also monitored. Over half the population were chronic sufferers. The effect sizes were large for pain and for seven out of eight dimensions of the SF-36 questionnaire at 6-month follow-up, although not for disability (FLP). High levels of satisfaction and perceived improvement were reported and sickness costs to the companies fell. However, the sample size in this pilot study was small and did not include controls. We would, therefore, recommend a full cost-effectiveness study incorporating a randomized trial in this area.  (+info)

Back care instructions in physical therapy: a trend analysis of individualized back care programs. (2/1089)

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The treatment of people with low back pain often includes giving a variety of instructions about back care. The objective of our study was to explore the content and sequence of these instructions. SUBJECTS: Our database contained information on 1,151 therapy sessions for 132 patients who were treated by 21 therapists. METHODS: Hierarchical linear modeling was used to establish trends in instructions during the course of treatment. Instructions were measured by means of a registration form. RESULTS: Pain management instructions were given at the start of treatment and then decreased in later sessions. Instructions about taking care of the back in daily activities followed the same course. Exercise instructions were introduced after the start of treatment and were spread evenly across the visits. The number of recommendations about general fitness decreased during treatment. CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION: The majority of back care instructions were spread evenly across therapy visits. Relatively little variation in instructions among patients was seen, which may indicate a lack of individualization of the back care programs.  (+info)

A new gatekeeper for back pain. (3/1089)

Managed care programs have evolved in response to the escalating costs of healthcare in the United States. Expenses related to back pain represent a significant portion of these costs. Chiropractic physicians handle more back pain visits than do medical doctors and are playing an increasing role in the management of neuromusculoskeletal problems in general. Furthermore, chiropractic patients are more satisfied with their care than are patients of family physicians. A number of studies have shown chiropractic medicine to have high efficacy and cost-effectiveness. Its utilization for neuromusculoskeletal problems in the managed care setting may well offer competitive advantages. Using chiropractic physicians as gatekeepers for back pain would result in more expedient movement through the algorithmic process and facilitate treatment of the patient with acute back pain. Many medical facilities are enhancing their services by utilizing chiropractic physicians as gatekeepers for the diagnosis and treatment of neuromusculoskeletal disorders.  (+info)

The assessment of appropriate indications for laminectomy. (4/1089)

We have developed criteria to determine the appropriate indications for lumbar laminectomy, using the standard procedure developed at the RAND corporation and the University of California at Los Angeles (RAND-UCLA). A panel of five surgeons and four physicians individually assessed 1000 hypothetical cases of sciatica, back pain only, symptoms of spinal stenosis, spondylolisthesis, miscellaneous indications or the need for repeat laminectomy. For the first round each member of the panel used a scale ranging from 1 (extremely inappropriate) to 9 (extremely appropriate). After discussion and condensation of the results into three categories laminectomy was considered appropriate in 11% of the 1000 theoretical scenarios, equivocal in 26% and inappropriate in 63%. There was some variation between the six categories of malalignment, but full agreement in 64% of the hypothetical cases. We applied these criteria retrospectively to the records of 196 patients who had had surgical treatment for herniated discs in one Swiss University hospital. We found that 48% of the operations were for appropriate indications, 29% for equivocal reasons and that 23% were inappropriate. The RAND-UCLA method is a feasible, useful and coherent approach to the study of the indications for laminectomy and related procedures, providing a number of important insights. Our conclusions now require validation by carefully designed prospective clinical trials, such as those which are used for new medical techniques.  (+info)

Pharmacokinetics of glycosylated recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (lenograstim) in healthy male volunteers. (5/1089)

AIMS: The aim of this open, randomised, crossover, parallel-group study was to compare the pharmacokinetics and neutrophil responses of lenograstim when administered subcutaneously (s.c.) and intravenously (i.v.). METHODS: A total of 27 healthy male volunteers was recruited. Lenograstim doses (0.5, 2, 5, or 10 microg kg(-1)) were administered s.c. or i.v. once-daily for 5 days, and then, after a 10-day washout period, vice versa for a further 5 days. Lenograstim concentrations and absolute neutrophil counts (ANCs) were measured predosing and postdosing on days 1 and 5. RESULTS: Maximum serum concentrations of lenograstim were higher following i.v. dosing (mean 5.2-185.5 vs 0.7-30.0 ng ml(-1) after s.c. dosing on day 1) and attained sooner (median 0.5-0.8 vs 4.7-8.7 h on day 1). However, apparent elimination half-lives of lenograstim were longer following s.c. dosing (mean 2.3-3.3 vs 0.8-1.2 h after i.v. dosing on days 1 and 5). ANCs increased in a dose-dependent manner with both routes of lenograstim, but more prolonged rises and higher ANC peaks were attained following s.c. doses. ANCs peaked on day 6 following 5 microg kg(-1) s.c. doses (mean peak=26.3x10(9) cells l(-1)), but on day 2 after 5 microg kg(-1) i.v. doses (mean peak = 12.4 x 10(9) cells l(-1)). Irrespective of route, the most common adverse events were headaches and back/spine pain; at doses of up to 5 microg kg(-1) these were mild and generally well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS: While supporting the use of both s.c. and i.v. administered lenograstim to treat neutropenia, these results demonstrate that neutrophil responses are more sustained and prolonged with the s.c. route.  (+info)

Rheumatic disease and the Australian aborigine. (6/1089)

OBJECTIVE: To document the frequency and disease phenotype of various rheumatic diseases in the Australian Aborigine. METHODS: A comprehensive review was performed of the archaeological, ethnohistorical, and contemporary literature relating to rheumatic diseases in these indigenous people. RESULTS: No evidence was found to suggest that rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), or gout occurred in Aborigines before or during the early stages of white settlement of Australia. Part of the explanation for the absence of these disorders in this indigenous group may relate to the scarcity of predisposing genetic elements, for example, shared rheumatoid epitope for RA, B27 antigen for AS. In contrast, osteoarthritis appeared to be common particularly involving the temporomandibular joint, right elbow and knees and, most probably, was related to excessive joint loading in their hunter gatherer lifestyle. Since white settlement, high frequency rates for rheumatic fever, systemic lupus erythematosus, and pyogenic arthritis have been observed and there are now scanty reports of the emergence of RA and gout in these original Australians. CONCLUSION: The occurrence and phenotype of various rheumatic disorders in Australian Aborigines is distinctive but with recent changes in diet, lifestyle, and continuing genetic admixture may be undergoing change. An examination of rheumatic diseases in Australian Aborigines and its changing phenotype may lead to a greater understanding of the aetiopathogenesis of these disorders.  (+info)

Back pain among persons working on small or family farms--eight Colorado counties, 1993-1996. (7/1089)

In the United States, work-related back pain often results in lost wages, reduced productivity, and increased medical costs. However, national surveillance data about these injuries, such as occupationally acquired back pain among workers on small or family farms, are limited. To characterize back pain in a farming population, researchers at Colorado State University interviewed adult farmers residing in eight northeastern Colorado counties (Larimer, Logan, Morgan, Phillips, Sedgewick, Washington, Weld, and Yuma) during 1993-1996, using the Colorado Farm Family Health and Hazard Survey (CFFHHS). This report summarizes the findings of CFFHHS, which indicate that back pain is common among farmers and most frequently attributed to repeated activities (RAs) (e.g. lifting, pushing, pulling, bending, twisting, and reaching).  (+info)

Type B aortic dissection and thoracoabdominal aneurysm formation after endoluminal stent repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm. (8/1089)

Endoluminal stent graft repair of abdominal and thoracic aortic aneurysms is being performed in increasing numbers. The long-term benefits of this technology remain to be seen. Reports have begun to appear regarding complications of stent graft application, such as renal failure, intestinal infarction, distal embolization, and rupture. Many of these complications have been associated with a fatal outcome. We describe a case of acute, retrograde, type B aortic dissection after application of an endoluminal stent graft for an asymptomatic infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm. An extent I thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm subsequently developed and was successfully repaired. Aggressive evaluation of new back pain after such a procedure is warranted. Further analysis of the short-term complications and long-term outcome of this new technology is indicated before universal application can be recommended.  (+info)

The causes of LBP can be broadly classified into two categories:

1. Mechanical causes: These include strains, sprains, and injuries to the soft tissues (such as muscles, ligaments, and tendons) or bones in the lower back.
2. Non-mechanical causes: These include medical conditions such as herniated discs, degenerative disc disease, and spinal stenosis.

The symptoms of LBP can vary depending on the underlying cause and severity of the condition. Common symptoms include:

* Pain that may be localized to one side or both sides of the lower back
* Muscle spasms or stiffness
* Limited range of motion in the lower back
* Difficulty bending, lifting, or twisting
* Sciatica (pain that radiates down the legs)
* Weakness or numbness in the legs

The diagnosis of LBP is based on a combination of medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRI.

Treatment for LBP depends on the underlying cause and severity of the condition, but may include:

* Medications such as pain relievers, muscle relaxants, or anti-inflammatory drugs
* Physical therapy to improve strength and flexibility in the lower back
* Chiropractic care to realign the spine and relieve pressure on the joints and muscles
* Injections of corticosteroids or hyaluronic acid to reduce inflammation and relieve pain
* Surgery may be considered for severe or chronic cases that do not respond to other treatments.

Prevention strategies for LBP include:

* Maintaining a healthy weight to reduce strain on the lower back
* Engaging in regular exercise to improve muscle strength and flexibility
* Using proper lifting techniques to avoid straining the lower back
* Taking regular breaks to stretch and move around if you have a job that involves sitting or standing for long periods
* Managing stress through relaxation techniques such as meditation or deep breathing.

There are many different types of back pain, including:

1. Lower back pain: This type of pain occurs in the lumbar spine and can be caused by strained muscles or ligaments, herniated discs, or other factors.
2. Upper back pain: This type of pain occurs in the thoracic spine and can be caused by muscle strain, poor posture, or other factors.
3. Middle back pain: This type of pain occurs in the thoracolumbar junction and can be caused by muscle strain, herniated discs, or other factors.
4. Lower left back pain: This type of pain occurs in the lumbar spine on the left side and can be caused by a variety of factors, including muscle strain, herniated discs, or other factors.
5. Lower right back pain: This type of pain occurs in the lumbar spine on the right side and can be caused by a variety of factors, including muscle strain, herniated discs, or other factors.

There are many different causes of back pain, including:

1. Muscle strain: This occurs when the muscles in the back are overstretched or torn.
2. Herniated discs: This occurs when the soft tissue between the vertebrae bulges out and puts pressure on the surrounding nerves.
3. Structural problems: This includes conditions such as scoliosis, kyphosis, and lordosis, which can cause back pain due to the abnormal curvature of the spine.
4. Inflammatory diseases: Conditions such as arthritis, inflammatory myopathies, and ankylosing spondylitis can cause back pain due to inflammation and joint damage.
5. Infections: Infections such as shingles, osteomyelitis, and abscesses can cause back pain by irritating the nerves or causing inflammation in the spine.
6. Trauma: Traumatic injuries such as fractures, dislocations, and compression fractures can cause back pain due to damage to the vertebrae, muscles, and other tissues.
7. Poor posture: Prolonged sitting or standing in a position that puts strain on the back can lead to back pain over time.
8. Obesity: Excess weight can put additional strain on the back, leading to back pain.
9. Smoking: Smoking can reduce blood flow to the discs and other tissues in the spine, leading to degeneration and back pain.
10. Sedentary lifestyle: A lack of physical activity can lead to weak muscles and a poor posture, which can contribute to back pain.

It is important to seek medical attention if you experience any of the following symptoms with your back pain:

1. Numbness or tingling in the legs or feet
2. Weakness in the legs or feet
3. Loss of bladder or bowel control
4. Fever and chills
5. Severe headache or stiff neck
6. Difficulty breathing or swallowing

These symptoms could indicate a more serious condition, such as a herniated disc or spinal infection, that requires prompt medical treatment.

There are several different types of pain, including:

1. Acute pain: This type of pain is sudden and severe, and it usually lasts for a short period of time. It can be caused by injuries, surgery, or other forms of tissue damage.
2. Chronic pain: This type of pain persists over a long period of time, often lasting more than 3 months. It can be caused by conditions such as arthritis, fibromyalgia, or nerve damage.
3. Neuropathic pain: This type of pain results from damage to the nervous system, and it can be characterized by burning, shooting, or stabbing sensations.
4. Visceral pain: This type of pain originates in the internal organs, and it can be difficult to localize.
5. Psychogenic pain: This type of pain is caused by psychological factors such as stress, anxiety, or depression.

The medical field uses a range of methods to assess and manage pain, including:

1. Pain rating scales: These are numerical scales that patients use to rate the intensity of their pain.
2. Pain diaries: These are records that patients keep to track their pain over time.
3. Clinical interviews: Healthcare providers use these to gather information about the patient's pain experience and other relevant symptoms.
4. Physical examination: This can help healthcare providers identify any underlying causes of pain, such as injuries or inflammation.
5. Imaging studies: These can be used to visualize the body and identify any structural abnormalities that may be contributing to the patient's pain.
6. Medications: There are a wide range of medications available to treat pain, including analgesics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and muscle relaxants.
7. Alternative therapies: These can include acupuncture, massage, and physical therapy.
8. Interventional procedures: These are minimally invasive procedures that can be used to treat pain, such as nerve blocks and spinal cord stimulation.

It is important for healthcare providers to approach pain management with a multi-modal approach, using a combination of these methods to address the physical, emotional, and social aspects of pain. By doing so, they can help improve the patient's quality of life and reduce their suffering.

There are many different types of chronic pain, including:

1. Musculoskeletal pain: This type of pain affects the muscles, bones, and joints, and can be caused by injuries, arthritis, or other conditions.
2. Nerve pain: This type of pain is caused by damage or irritation to the nerves, and can be burning, stabbing, or shooting in nature.
3. Chronic regional pain syndrome (CRPS): This is a chronic pain condition that typically affects one limb and is characterized by burning, aching, or shooting pain.
4. Neuropathic pain: This type of pain is caused by damage or irritation to the nerves, and can be burning, stabbing, or shooting in nature.
5. Cancer pain: This type of pain is caused by cancer or its treatment, and can be severe and debilitating.
6. Postoperative pain: This type of pain is caused by surgery and can vary in severity depending on the type of procedure and individual's response to pain.
7. Pelvic pain: This type of pain can be caused by a variety of factors, including endometriosis, adhesions, or pelvic inflammatory disease.
8. Headache disorders: This type of pain can include migraines, tension headaches, and other types of headaches that are severe and recurring.

Chronic pain can have a significant impact on an individual's quality of life, affecting their ability to work, sleep, and participate in activities they enjoy. It can also lead to feelings of frustration, anxiety, and depression.

There are many treatment options for chronic pain, including medication, physical therapy, and alternative therapies like acupuncture and massage. It's important to work with a healthcare provider to develop a personalized treatment plan that addresses the underlying cause of the pain and helps improve function and quality of life.

There are several types of neck pain, including:

* Acute neck pain: This is a sudden onset of pain in the neck, often caused by an injury or strain.
* Chronic neck pain: This is persistent pain in the neck that lasts for more than 3 months.
* Mechanical neck pain: This is pain caused by misalignment or degeneration of the spinal bones and joints in the neck.
* Non-mechanical neck pain: This is pain that is not caused by a specific structural problem, but rather by factors such as poor posture, muscle strain, or pinched nerves.

Neck pain can be treated with a variety of methods, including:

* Medications such as pain relievers and anti-inflammatory drugs
* Physical therapy to improve range of motion and strength
* Chiropractic care to realign the spine and relieve pressure on nerves
* Massage therapy to relax muscles and improve circulation
* Lifestyle changes such as improving posture, losing weight, and taking regular breaks to rest and stretch.

It is important to seek medical attention if neck pain is severe, persistent, or accompanied by other symptoms such as numbness, tingling, or weakness in the arms or legs.

Acute pain is different from chronic pain, which is persistent and ongoing, lasting more than 3 months. Acute pain is typically treated with medication, physical therapy, or other forms of therapy aimed at managing the underlying cause. In some cases, acute pain may be a symptom of an underlying condition that requires further evaluation and treatment.

Here are some examples of acute pain:

1. Post-surgical pain: Pain that occurs after surgery is a common example of acute pain. This type of pain is usually managed with pain medication and subsides as the body heals.
2. Injury pain: Pain that occurs as a result of an injury, such as a sprain or strain, is another example of acute pain. This type of pain is often treated with rest, ice, compression, and elevation (RICE) and may also be managed with pain medication.
3. Headache pain: Some types of headaches, such as tension headaches or migraines, are examples of acute pain. These types of headaches are typically treated with over-the-counter pain medication and may also involve lifestyle changes such as avoiding triggers or practicing relaxation techniques.
4. Menstrual cramps: Cramps that occur during menstruation are a common example of acute pain. This type of pain is often managed with over-the-counter pain medication and may also be treated with heat or cold therapy.
5. Childbirth pain: Pain that occurs during childbirth is another example of acute pain. This type of pain is typically managed with breathing techniques, relaxation methods, and medical pain management options such as epidural anesthesia.

In summary, acute pain is a type of pain that is sudden and lasts for a limited period of time, often resolving once the underlying cause is treated or heals. It can be managed with a variety of techniques, including medication, physical therapy, and lifestyle changes.

Postoperative pain is typically managed with pain medication, which may include opioids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), or other types of medications. The goal of managing postoperative pain is to provide effective pain relief while minimizing the risk of complications such as addiction, constipation, or nausea and vomiting.

In addition to medication, other techniques for managing postoperative pain may include breathing exercises, relaxation techniques, and alternative therapies such as acupuncture or massage. It is important for patients to communicate with their healthcare provider about the severity of their pain and any side effects they experience from medication, in order to provide effective pain management and minimize complications.

Postoperative pain can be categorized into several different types, including:

* Acute pain: This type of pain is intense but short-lived, typically lasting for a few days or weeks after surgery.
* Chronic pain: This type of pain persists for longer than 3 months after surgery and can be more challenging to manage.
* Neuropathic pain: This type of pain is caused by damage to nerves and can be characterized by burning, shooting, or stabbing sensations.
* Visceral pain: This type of pain originates in the internal organs and can be referred to other areas of the body, such as the back or abdomen.

Intractable pain can have a significant impact on an individual's quality of life, affecting their ability to perform daily activities, sleep, and overall well-being. Treatment for intractable pain often involves a combination of medications and alternative therapies such as physical therapy, acupuncture, or cognitive behavioral therapy.

Some common symptoms of intractable pain include:

* Chronic and persistent pain that does not respond to treatment
* Pain that is severe and debilitating
* Pain that affects daily activities and quality of life
* Pain that is burning, shooting, stabbing, or cramping in nature
* Pain that is localized to a specific area of the body or widespread
* Pain that is accompanied by other symptoms such as fatigue, anxiety, or depression.

Intractable pain can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

* Nerve damage or nerve damage from injury or disease
* Inflammation or swelling in the body
* Chronic conditions like arthritis, fibromyalgia, or migraines
* Infections such as shingles or Lyme disease
* Cancer or its treatment
* Neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis or Parkinson's disease.

Managing intractable pain can be challenging and may involve a multidisciplinary approach, including:

* Medications such as pain relievers, anti-inflammatory drugs, or muscle relaxants
* Alternative therapies such as physical therapy, acupuncture, or cognitive behavioral therapy
* Lifestyle changes such as regular exercise, stress management techniques, and a healthy diet
* Interventional procedures such as nerve blocks or spinal cord stimulation.

It is important to work closely with a healthcare provider to find the most effective treatment plan for managing intractable pain. With the right combination of medications and alternative therapies, many people are able to manage their pain and improve their quality of life.

There are many different types of back injuries that can occur, including:

1. Strains and sprains: These are common injuries that occur when the muscles or ligaments in the back are stretched or torn.
2. Herniated discs: When the gel-like center of a spinal disc bulges out through a tear in the outer layer, it can put pressure on nearby nerves and cause pain.
3. Degenerative disc disease: This is a condition where the spinal discs wear down over time and lose their cushioning ability, leading to pain and stiffness in the back.
4. Spondylolisthesis: This is a condition where a vertebra in the spine slips out of place, which can put pressure on nearby nerves and cause pain.
5. Fractures: These are breaks in one or more of the bones in the back, which can be caused by trauma or overuse.
6. Spinal cord injuries: These are injuries that affect the spinal cord, either from trauma (e.g., car accidents) or from degenerative conditions such as multiple sclerosis.
7. Radiculopathy: This is a condition where a compressed nerve root in the back can cause pain, numbness, and weakness in the arms or legs.

Treatment for back injuries depends on the specific type and severity of the injury, but may include rest, physical therapy, medication, or surgery. It is important to seek medical attention if symptoms persist or worsen over time, as untreated back injuries can lead to chronic pain and decreased mobility.

* Endometriosis: a condition in which tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside the uterus, causing pain, inflammation, and bleeding.
* Adenomyosis: a condition in which tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows into the muscle of the uterus, causing pain, inflammation, and heavy bleeding.
* Fibroids: noncancerous growths in the uterus that can cause pain, bleeding, and infertility.
* Ovarian cysts: fluid-filled sacs on the ovaries that can cause pain, bloating, and irregular periods.
* Ectopic pregnancy: a pregnancy that develops outside the uterus, usually in the fallopian tube, which can cause severe pain and bleeding.
* Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID): an infection of the reproductive organs that can cause pain, fever, and infertility.
* Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS): a condition that affects the large intestine and can cause abdominal pain, bloating, and changes in bowel movements.
* Interstitial cystitis: a chronic bladder condition that can cause pain and frequency of urination.
* Prostatitis: inflammation of the prostate gland, which can cause painful urination, fever, and infertility.

Pelvic pain can be diagnosed through a combination of medical history, physical examination, and imaging tests such as ultrasound or MRI. Treatment options for pelvic pain depend on the underlying cause and can include medications, surgery, or lifestyle changes.

The causes of abdominal pain are numerous and can include:

1. Gastrointestinal disorders: Ulcers, gastritis, inflammatory bowel disease, diverticulitis, and appendicitis.
2. Infections: Urinary tract infections, pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis.
3. Obstruction: Blockages in the intestines or other hollow organs.
4. Pancreatic disorders: Pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer.
5. Kidney stones or other kidney disorders.
6. Liver disease: Hepatitis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer.
7. Hernias: Inguinal hernia, umbilical hernia, and hiatal hernia.
8. Splenic disorders: Enlarged spleen, splenic rupture, and splenectomy.
9. Cancer: Colorectal cancer, stomach cancer, pancreatic cancer, and liver cancer.
10. Reproductive system disorders: Ectopic pregnancy, ovarian cysts, and testicular torsion.

The symptoms of abdominal pain can vary depending on the underlying cause, but common symptoms include:

* Localized or generalized pain in the abdomen
* Cramping or sharp pain
* Difficulty breathing or swallowing
* Nausea and vomiting
* Diarrhea or constipation
* Fever and chills
* Abdominal tenderness or guarding (muscle tension)

Abdominal pain can be diagnosed through a variety of methods, including:

1. Physical examination and medical history
2. Imaging studies such as X-rays, CT scans, and MRI scans
3. Blood tests and urinalysis
4. Endoscopy and laparoscopy
5. Biopsy

Treatment for abdominal pain depends on the underlying cause, but may include:

1. Medications such as antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, and pain relievers
2. Surgery to repair hernias or remove tumors
3. Endoscopy to remove blockages or treat ulcers
4. Supportive care such as intravenous fluids and oxygen therapy
5. Lifestyle modifications such as dietary changes and stress management techniques.

The burden of chronic diseases is significant, with over 70% of deaths worldwide attributed to them, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). In addition to the physical and emotional toll they take on individuals and their families, chronic diseases also pose a significant economic burden, accounting for a large proportion of healthcare expenditure.

In this article, we will explore the definition and impact of chronic diseases, as well as strategies for managing and living with them. We will also discuss the importance of early detection and prevention, as well as the role of healthcare providers in addressing the needs of individuals with chronic diseases.

What is a Chronic Disease?

A chronic disease is a condition that lasts for an extended period of time, often affecting daily life and activities. Unlike acute diseases, which have a specific beginning and end, chronic diseases are long-term and persistent. Examples of chronic diseases include:

1. Diabetes
2. Heart disease
3. Arthritis
4. Asthma
5. Cancer
6. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
7. Chronic kidney disease (CKD)
8. Hypertension
9. Osteoporosis
10. Stroke

Impact of Chronic Diseases

The burden of chronic diseases is significant, with over 70% of deaths worldwide attributed to them, according to the WHO. In addition to the physical and emotional toll they take on individuals and their families, chronic diseases also pose a significant economic burden, accounting for a large proportion of healthcare expenditure.

Chronic diseases can also have a significant impact on an individual's quality of life, limiting their ability to participate in activities they enjoy and affecting their relationships with family and friends. Moreover, the financial burden of chronic diseases can lead to poverty and reduce economic productivity, thus having a broader societal impact.

Addressing Chronic Diseases

Given the significant burden of chronic diseases, it is essential that we address them effectively. This requires a multi-faceted approach that includes:

1. Lifestyle modifications: Encouraging healthy behaviors such as regular physical activity, a balanced diet, and smoking cessation can help prevent and manage chronic diseases.
2. Early detection and diagnosis: Identifying risk factors and detecting diseases early can help prevent or delay their progression.
3. Medication management: Effective medication management is crucial for controlling symptoms and slowing disease progression.
4. Multi-disciplinary care: Collaboration between healthcare providers, patients, and families is essential for managing chronic diseases.
5. Health promotion and disease prevention: Educating individuals about the risks of chronic diseases and promoting healthy behaviors can help prevent their onset.
6. Addressing social determinants of health: Social determinants such as poverty, education, and employment can have a significant impact on health outcomes. Addressing these factors is essential for reducing health disparities and improving overall health.
7. Investing in healthcare infrastructure: Investing in healthcare infrastructure, technology, and research is necessary to improve disease detection, diagnosis, and treatment.
8. Encouraging policy change: Policy changes can help create supportive environments for healthy behaviors and reduce the burden of chronic diseases.
9. Increasing public awareness: Raising public awareness about the risks and consequences of chronic diseases can help individuals make informed decisions about their health.
10. Providing support for caregivers: Chronic diseases can have a significant impact on family members and caregivers, so providing them with support is essential for improving overall health outcomes.

Conclusion

Chronic diseases are a major public health burden that affect millions of people worldwide. Addressing these diseases requires a multi-faceted approach that includes lifestyle changes, addressing social determinants of health, investing in healthcare infrastructure, encouraging policy change, increasing public awareness, and providing support for caregivers. By taking a comprehensive approach to chronic disease prevention and management, we can improve the health and well-being of individuals and communities worldwide.

Source: "Pain, Referred." Taber's Medical Dictionary, 23rd ed., F.A. Davis Company, 2017.

The most common cause of sciatica is a herniated disc, which occurs when the gel-like center of a spinal disc bulges out through a tear in the outer disc. This can put pressure on the sciatic nerve and cause pain and other symptoms. Other possible causes of sciatica include spondylolisthesis (a condition in which a vertebra slips out of place), spinal stenosis (narrowing of the spinal canal), and piriformis syndrome (compression of the sciatic nerve by the piriformis muscle).

Treatment for sciatica depends on the underlying cause of the symptoms. Conservative treatments such as physical therapy, pain medication, and anti-inflammatory medications are often effective in managing symptoms. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to relieve compression on the sciatic nerve.

The term "sciatica" is derived from the Latin word "sciare," which means "to shoot." This refers to the shooting pain that can occur in the lower back and legs when the sciatic nerve is compressed or irritated.

IVDD can occur due to various factors such as trauma, injury, degenerative disc disease, or genetic predisposition. The condition can be classified into two main types:

1. Herniated Disc (HDD): This occurs when the soft, gel-like center of the disc bulges out through a tear in the tough outer layer, putting pressure on nearby nerves.
2. Degenerative Disc Disease (DDD): This is a condition where the disc loses its water content and becomes brittle, leading to tears and fragmentation of the disc.

Symptoms of IVDD can include:

* Back or neck pain
* Muscle spasms
* Weakness or numbness in the legs or arms
* Difficulty walking or maintaining balance
* Loss of bladder or bowel control (in severe cases)

Diagnosis of IVDD is typically made through a combination of physical examination, medical history, and imaging tests such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRI. Treatment options for IVDD vary depending on the severity of the condition and can range from conservative approaches such as pain medication, physical therapy, and lifestyle modifications to surgical interventions in severe cases.

In summary, Intervertebral Disc Displacement (IVDD) is a condition where the soft tissue between two adjacent vertebrae in the spine is displaced or herniated, leading to pressure on nearby nerves and potential symptoms such as back pain, muscle spasms, and weakness. It can be classified into two main types: Herniated Disc and Degenerative Disc Disease, and diagnosis is typically made through a combination of physical examination, medical history, and imaging tests. Treatment options vary depending on the severity of the condition and can range from conservative approaches to surgical interventions.

Some common types of spinal diseases include:

1. Degenerative disc disease: This is a condition where the discs between the vertebrae in the spine wear down over time, leading to pain and stiffness in the back.
2. Herniated discs: This occurs when the gel-like center of a disc bulges out through a tear in the outer layer, putting pressure on nearby nerves and causing pain.
3. Spinal stenosis: This is a narrowing of the spinal canal, which can put pressure on the spinal cord and nerve roots, causing pain, numbness, and weakness in the legs.
4. Spondylolisthesis: This is a condition where a vertebra slips out of place, either forward or backward, and can cause pressure on nearby nerves and muscles.
5. Scoliosis: This is a curvature of the spine that can be caused by a variety of factors, including genetics, injury, or disease.
6. Spinal infections: These are infections that can affect any part of the spine, including the discs, vertebrae, and soft tissues.
7. Spinal tumors: These are abnormal growths that can occur in the spine, either primary ( originating in the spine) or metastatic (originating elsewhere in the body).
8. Osteoporotic fractures: These are fractures that occur in the spine as a result of weakened bones due to osteoporosis.
9. Spinal cysts: These are fluid-filled sacs that can form in the spine, either as a result of injury or as a congenital condition.
10. Spinal degeneration: This is a general term for any type of wear and tear on the spine, such as arthritis or disc degeneration.

If you are experiencing any of these conditions, it is important to seek medical attention to receive an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

* Headaches or migraines
* Dental problems (e.g., toothache, abscess)
* Sinusitis
* Eye problems (e.g., conjunctivitis, styes)
* Infections (e.g., colds, flu)
* Allergies
* Injuries or trauma
* Neurological disorders (e.g., trigeminal neuralgia, Bell's palsy)
* Cancer

The types of facial pain include:

* Constant pain: Pain that is present all the time and does not change in intensity.
* Intermittent pain: Pain that comes and goes and may be triggered by specific activities or stimuli.
* Sharp pain: Pain that is sudden and stabbing.
* Dull pain: Pain that is ongoing and aching.
* Throbbing pain: Pain that is pulsing or beating, often with a rhythmic pattern.

The causes of facial pain can vary depending on the location and severity of the pain. Some common causes include:

* Muscle tension or spasm
* Nerve irritation or compression
* Inflammation or infection
* Injury or trauma to the face
* Neurological disorders (e.g., trigeminal neuralgia, Bell's palsy)
* Dental problems (e.g., toothache, abscess)

The diagnosis of facial pain is based on a combination of medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRI scans. Treatment for facial pain depends on the underlying cause and may include medications (e.g., pain relievers, antibiotics), lifestyle changes (e.g., avoiding triggers), or surgical intervention (e.g., to remove a tumor).

Musculoskeletal pain can have a significant impact on an individual's quality of life, making it difficult to perform daily activities and enjoy leisure time. It can also lead to sleep disturbances, mood changes, and decreased productivity. Treatment options for musculoskeletal pain vary depending on the underlying cause but may include physical therapy, medication, or lifestyle modifications such as exercise and stress management.

1. Asbestosis: a lung disease caused by inhaling asbestos fibers.
2. Carpal tunnel syndrome: a nerve disorder caused by repetitive motion and pressure on the wrist.
3. Mesothelioma: a type of cancer caused by exposure to asbestos.
4. Pneumoconiosis: a lung disease caused by inhaling dust from mining or other heavy industries.
5. Repetitive strain injuries: injuries caused by repetitive motions, such as typing or using vibrating tools.
6. Skin conditions: such as skin irritation and dermatitis caused by exposure to chemicals or other substances in the workplace.
7. Hearing loss: caused by loud noises in the workplace.
8. Back injuries: caused by lifting, bending, or twisting.
9. Respiratory problems: such as asthma and other breathing difficulties caused by exposure to chemicals or dust in the workplace.
10. Cancer: caused by exposure to carcinogens such as radiation, certain chemicals, or heavy metals in the workplace.

Occupational diseases can be difficult to diagnose and treat, as they often develop gradually over time and may not be immediately attributed to the work environment. In some cases, these diseases may not appear until years after exposure has ended. It is important for workers to be aware of the potential health risks associated with their job and take steps to protect themselves, such as wearing protective gear, following safety protocols, and seeking regular medical check-ups. Employers also have a responsibility to provide a safe work environment and follow strict regulations to prevent the spread of occupational diseases.

The shoulder is a complex joint that consists of several bones, muscles, tendons, and ligaments, which work together to provide a wide range of motion and stability. Any disruption in this delicate balance can cause pain and dysfunction.

Some common causes of shoulder pain include:

1. Rotator cuff injuries: The rotator cuff is a group of muscles and tendons that surround the shoulder joint, providing stability and mobility. Injuries to the rotator cuff can cause pain and weakness in the shoulder.
2. Bursitis: Bursae are small fluid-filled sacs that cushion the joints and reduce friction between the bones, muscles, and tendons. Inflammation of the bursae (bursitis) can cause pain and swelling in the shoulder.
3. Tendinitis: Tendinitis is inflammation of the tendons, which connect the muscles to the bones. Tendinitis in the shoulder can cause pain and stiffness.
4. Dislocations: A dislocation occurs when the ball of the humerus (upper arm bone) is forced out of the shoulder socket. This can cause severe pain, swelling, and limited mobility.
5. Osteoarthritis: Osteoarthritis is a degenerative condition that affects the joints, including the shoulder. It can cause pain, stiffness, and limited mobility.
6. Frozen shoulder: Also known as adhesive capsulitis, frozen shoulder is a condition where the connective tissue in the shoulder joint becomes inflamed and scarred, leading to pain and stiffness.
7. Labral tears: The labrum is a cartilage ring that surrounds the shoulder socket, providing stability and support. Tears to the labrum can cause pain and instability in the shoulder.
8. Fractures: Fractures of the humerus, clavicle, or scapula (shoulder blade) can cause pain, swelling, and limited mobility.
9. Rotator cuff tears: The rotator cuff is a group of muscles and tendons that provide stability and support to the shoulder joint. Tears to the rotator cuff can cause pain and weakness in the shoulder.
10. Impingement syndrome: Impingement syndrome occurs when the tendons of the rotator cuff become pinched or compressed as they pass through the shoulder joint, leading to pain and inflammation.

These are just a few examples of common shoulder injuries and conditions. If you're experiencing shoulder pain or stiffness, it's important to see a doctor for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Symptoms of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration may include:

* Back pain
* Neck pain
* Stiffness in the back and neck
* Limited range of motion
* Muscle spasms
* Tingling or numbness in the arms or legs

Treatment for Intervertebral Disc Degeneration can vary depending on the severity of the condition and may include:

* Conservative treatments such as physical therapy, pain medication, and lifestyle changes
* Injections of corticosteroids or hyaluronic acid to reduce inflammation and relieve pain
* Surgery to remove the damaged disc and fuse the adjacent vertebrae together.

It's important to seek medical attention if you experience any symptoms of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration, as early diagnosis and treatment can help to manage the condition and prevent further damage.

Symptoms of spinal stenosis may include:

* Pain in the neck, back, or legs that worsens with walking or standing
* Numbness, tingling, or weakness in the arms or legs
* Difficulty controlling bladder or bowel functions
* Muscle weakness in the legs

Treatment for spinal stenosis may include:

* Pain medications
* Physical therapy to improve mobility and strength
* Injections of steroids or pain relievers
* Surgery to remove bone spurs or decompress the spinal cord

It is important to seek medical attention if symptoms of spinal stenosis worsen over time, as untreated condition can lead to permanent nerve damage and disability.

Neuralgia is often difficult to diagnose and treat, as the underlying cause can be challenging to identify. However, various medications and therapies can help manage the pain and other symptoms associated with this condition. These may include pain relievers, anticonvulsants, antidepressants, and muscle relaxants, as well as alternative therapies such as acupuncture or physical therapy.

Some common forms of neuralgia include:

1. Trigeminal neuralgia: This is a condition that affects the trigeminal nerve, which carries sensation from the face to the brain. It is characterized by sudden, intense pain in the face, typically on one side.
2. Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN): This is a condition that occurs after a shingles infection, and is characterized by persistent pain in the affected area.
3. Occipital neuralgia: This is a condition that affects the nerves in the back of the head and neck, and can cause pain in the back of the head, neck, and face.
4. Geniculate neuralgia: This is a rare condition that affects the nerves in the jaw and ear, and can cause pain in the jaw, face, and ear.

Overall, neuralgia is a complex and debilitating condition that can significantly impact an individual's quality of life. It is important for individuals experiencing symptoms of neuralgia to seek medical attention to determine the underlying cause and develop an appropriate treatment plan.

Discitis is a rare inflammatory condition that affects the discs in the spine, causing pain and stiffness in the neck, back, or other areas of the body. It is also known as discitis or infective discitis.

The term "discitis" comes from the Latin words "discus," meaning "disk," and "-itis," meaning "inflammation." Together, the term describes a condition where the soft, spongy tissue between the vertebrae in the spine becomes inflamed.

The condition is caused by bacterial or viral infections that enter the body through small tears in the outer layer of the disc. It can be triggered by activities such as heavy lifting, bending, or twisting, which put excessive pressure on the spine.

Symptoms of discitis may include back pain, stiffness, fever, chills, and difficulty moving or bending. Treatment typically involves antibiotics to clear up any underlying infections, as well as rest and physical therapy to help manage symptoms and promote healing. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to repair or remove the affected disc.

Symptoms of myofascial pain syndrome include:

* Pain in specific areas of the body, such as the neck, back, or limbs
* Pain that is worse with movement or activity
* Muscle stiffness and limited range of motion
* Trigger points, which are areas of hypersensitivity within the muscle that can cause pain when stimulated
* Poor posture or gait
* Fatigue
* Decreased strength and endurance

Treatment for myofascial pain syndrome typically involves a combination of physical therapy, pain management strategies, and self-care techniques. Physical therapy may include stretching exercises, myofascial release techniques, and other modalities to help relieve pain and improve range of motion. Pain management strategies may include medication, injections, or alternative therapies such as acupuncture or massage. Self-care techniques can also be helpful, such as heat or cold applications, relaxation techniques, and good posture.

The prognosis for myofascial pain syndrome varies depending on the severity of the condition and the effectiveness of treatment. In general, with appropriate treatment and self-care, many people are able to manage their symptoms and improve their quality of life. However, in some cases, the condition can be challenging to treat and may require ongoing management.

Overall, myofascial pain syndrome is a common and often misunderstood condition that can cause significant pain and disability. With proper diagnosis and treatment, however, many people are able to find relief and improve their quality of life.

1. Osteoarthritis: A degenerative joint disease that affects the cartilage and bone in the joints, leading to pain, stiffness, and limited mobility.
2. Rheumatoid arthritis: An autoimmune disorder that causes inflammation in the joints, leading to pain, swelling, and deformity.
3. Fibromyalgia: A chronic condition characterized by widespread muscle pain, fatigue, and sleep disturbances.
4. Tendinitis: Inflammation of a tendon, which can cause pain and stiffness in the affected area.
5. Bursitis: Inflammation of the fluid-filled sacs (bursae) that cushion joints, leading to pain, swelling, and limited mobility.
6. Carpal tunnel syndrome: Compression of the median nerve in the wrist, leading to numbness, tingling, and weakness in the hand and fingers.
7. Sprains and strains: Injuries to the ligaments or muscles, often caused by sudden twisting or overstretching.
8. Back pain: Pain in the back that can be caused by a variety of factors, such as muscle strain, herniated discs, or spinal stenosis.
9. Osteoporosis: A condition characterized by weak and brittle bones, leading to an increased risk of fractures.
10. Clubfoot: A congenital deformity in which the foot is turned inward and downward.

These are just a few examples of musculoskeletal diseases, and there are many more conditions that can affect the muscles, bones, and joints. Treatment options for these conditions can range from conservative methods such as physical therapy and medication to surgical interventions. It's important to seek medical attention if you experience any persistent or severe symptoms in your musculoskeletal system.

The symptoms of FBSS can vary depending on the underlying cause, but they often include chronic low back pain, numbness, tingling, weakness in the legs, and difficulty walking or standing. Diagnosis is typically made through a combination of medical history, physical examination, imaging studies such as X-rays or MRI scans, and other diagnostic tests.

Treatment for FBSS often involves a multidisciplinary approach that may include physical therapy, pain management, and other interventions to help manage symptoms and improve quality of life. In some cases, additional surgery may be necessary to address the underlying cause of the failed back surgery.

It is important for patients who have undergone back surgery and are experiencing persistent pain or disability to discuss their symptoms with their healthcare provider, as early diagnosis and treatment can help improve outcomes and reduce the risk of further complications.

Symptoms of spondylolisthesis may include:

* Back pain
* Stiffness and limited mobility in the lower back
* Pain or numbness in the buttocks, thighs, or legs
* Difficulty maintaining a straight posture
* Muscle spasms

Spondylolisthesis can be diagnosed through physical examination, imaging tests such as X-rays or MRIs, and other diagnostic procedures. Treatment for the condition may include:

* Conservative methods such as physical therapy, exercise, and pain management
* Medications such as muscle relaxants or anti-inflammatory drugs
* Spinal fusion surgery to stabilize the spine and correct the slippage
* Other surgical procedures to relieve pressure on nerves or repair damaged tissue.

It is important to seek medical attention if you experience persistent back pain or stiffness, as early diagnosis and treatment can help to manage symptoms and prevent further progression of the condition.

The term "spondylolysis" comes from the Greek words "spondylo," meaning "vertebra," and "lysis," meaning "destruction." Together, they refer to a condition where there is a fracture or degeneration of one or more vertebrae in the spine.

Spondylolysis can occur at any level of the spine, but it is most common in the lower back (lumbar spine) and the neck (cervical spine). It can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

1. Overuse or repetitive strain: This is the most common cause of spondylolysis, particularly in athletes who participate in high-impact sports. The repeated stress and strain on the vertebrae can lead to small fractures or degeneration over time.
2. Trauma: Spondylolysis can also be caused by a sudden injury, such as a fall or a blow to the back. This type of trauma can cause a fracture or compression of one or more vertebrae.
3. Genetics: Some people may be more prone to developing spondylolysis due to inherited factors, such as a family history of spinal problems.
4. Degenerative conditions: Spondylolysis can also be caused by degenerative conditions such as osteoporosis, which can lead to weakened bones and increased risk of fracture.

The symptoms of spondylolysis can vary depending on the location and severity of the condition. Common symptoms include:

1. Back pain: This is the most common symptom of spondylolysis, and it can range from mild to severe.
2. Stiffness: Patients with spondylolysis may experience stiffness in their back, particularly after periods of rest or inactivity.
3. Limited mobility: Spondylolysis can cause limited mobility in the affected area, making it difficult to bend or twist.
4. Muscle spasms: Muscle spasms are common in patients with spondylolysis, particularly in the back muscles.
5. Tenderness: The affected area may be tender to the touch, and patients may experience pain when pressure is applied to the area.
6. Decreased range of motion: Spondylolysis can cause a decrease in range of motion, making it difficult to move or bend.
7. Numbness or tingling: Patients with spondylolysis may experience numbness or tingling sensations in the affected area.

Spondylolysis is typically diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, medical history, and imaging tests such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRI. Treatment for spondylolysis depends on the severity of the condition and may include:

1. Rest and relaxation: Patients with mild cases of spondylolysis may be advised to rest and avoid activities that exacerbate the condition.
2. Physical therapy: Physical therapy can help improve range of motion, strength, and flexibility in patients with spondylolysis.
3. Medications: Over-the-counter pain relievers such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen may be prescribed to manage pain associated with spondylolysis.
4. Bracing: Wearing a brace can help support the affected area and improve mobility.
5. Surgery: In severe cases of spondylolysis, surgery may be necessary to repair or stabilize the affected vertebrae.

It is important to seek medical attention if you experience any symptoms of spondylolysis, as early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent further damage and improve outcomes.

The word "arthralgia" comes from the Greek words "arthron," meaning joint, and "algos," meaning pain. It is often used interchangeably with the term "joint pain," but arthralgia specifically refers to a type of pain that is not caused by inflammation or injury.

Arthralgia can manifest in different ways, including:

1. Aching or dull pain in one or more joints
2. Sharp or stabbing pain in one or more joints
3. Pain that worsens with movement or weight-bearing activity
4. Pain that improves with rest
5. Pain that is localized to one joint or multiple joints
6. Pain that is accompanied by stiffness or limited range of motion
7. Pain that is worse in the morning or after periods of rest
8. Pain that is triggered by certain activities or movements

The diagnosis of arthralgia typically involves a comprehensive medical history and physical examination, as well as diagnostic tests such as X-rays, blood tests, or imaging studies. Treatment for arthralgia depends on the underlying cause and may include medications, lifestyle modifications, or other interventions.

There are two main types of nociceptive pain: somatic and visceral. Somatic pain arises from damage or inflammation of the skin, muscles, and other somatic tissues, while visceral pain originates from the internal organs. Visceral pain is often more difficult to localize than somatic pain because the organs are deep within the body and their sensory nerve endings are less accessible.

Nociceptive pain can be acute or chronic. Acute pain is typically a short-term response to a specific injury or inflammation, while chronic pain persists beyond the normal healing period and can last for months or even years. Common examples of nociceptive pain include headaches, muscle aches, menstrual cramps, and postoperative pain.

The International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) defines nociceptive pain as "pain resulting from tissue damage or inflammation, including internal organs." The IASP also distinguishes between nociceptive and neuropathic pain, with nociceptive pain being caused by activating nociceptors, while neuropathic pain is caused by damage or dysfunction of the nervous system.

Nociceptive pain can be managed with various analgesic drugs, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), opioids, and other types of pain relievers. Additionally, nonpharmacological interventions like physical therapy, acupuncture, and cognitive-behavioral therapy can be effective in managing nociceptive pain.

Examples of acute diseases include:

1. Common cold and flu
2. Pneumonia and bronchitis
3. Appendicitis and other abdominal emergencies
4. Heart attacks and strokes
5. Asthma attacks and allergic reactions
6. Skin infections and cellulitis
7. Urinary tract infections
8. Sinusitis and meningitis
9. Gastroenteritis and food poisoning
10. Sprains, strains, and fractures.

Acute diseases can be treated effectively with antibiotics, medications, or other therapies. However, if left untreated, they can lead to chronic conditions or complications that may require long-term care. Therefore, it is important to seek medical attention promptly if symptoms persist or worsen over time.

There are several types of spinal fractures, including:

1. Vertebral compression fractures: These occur when the vertebrae collapses due to pressure, often caused by osteoporosis or trauma.
2. Fracture-dislocations: This type of fracture occurs when the vertebra is both broken and displaced from its normal position.
3. Spondylolysis: This is a type of fracture that occurs in the spine, often due to repetitive stress or overuse.
4. Spondylolisthesis: This is a type of fracture where a vertebra slips out of its normal position and into the one below it.
5. Fracture-subluxation: This type of fracture occurs when the vertebra is both broken and partially dislocated from its normal position.

The diagnosis of spinal fractures typically involves imaging tests such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRI to confirm the presence of a fracture and determine its severity and location. Treatment options for spinal fractures depend on the severity of the injury and may include pain management, bracing, physical therapy, or surgery to stabilize the spine and promote healing. In some cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to realign the vertebrae and prevent further damage.

Overall, spinal fractures can have a significant impact on an individual's quality of life, and it is important to seek medical attention if symptoms persist or worsen over time.

Symptoms of spinal injuries may include:

* Loss of sensation below the level of the injury
* Weakness or paralysis below the level of the injury
* Pain or numbness in the back, arms, or legs
* Difficulty breathing or controlling bladder and bowel functions
* Changes in reflexes or sensation below the level of the injury.

Spinal injuries can be diagnosed using a variety of tests, including:

* X-rays or CT scans to assess the alignment of the spine and detect any fractures or dislocations
* MRI scans to assess the soft tissues of the spine and detect any damage to the spinal cord
* Electromyography (EMG) tests to assess the function of muscles and nerves below the level of the injury.

Treatment for spinal injuries depends on the severity and location of the injury, and may include:

* Immobilization using a brace or cast to keep the spine stable
* Medications to manage pain, inflammation, and other symptoms
* Rehabilitation therapies such as physical therapy, occupational therapy, and recreational therapy to help restore function and mobility.

In summary, spinal injuries can be classified into two categories: complete and incomplete, and can be caused by a variety of factors. Symptoms may include loss of sensation, weakness or paralysis, pain, difficulty breathing, and changes in reflexes or sensation. Diagnosis is typically made using X-rays, MRI scans, and EMG tests, and treatment may involve immobilization, medications, and rehabilitation therapies.

The symptoms of spondylarthritis can vary, but may include:

* Back pain that improves with exercise
* Stiffness in the neck or lower back
* Painful joints in the hips or shoulders
* Reduced range of motion in the affected joints
* Fatigue
* Loss of appetite
* Fever
* Swollen lymph nodes

The exact cause of spondylarthritis is unknown, but it is thought to be an autoimmune disorder. This means that the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue in the body, leading to inflammation and joint damage.

There is no cure for spondylarthritis, but medications and lifestyle changes can help manage the symptoms. Treatment options may include:

* Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to reduce pain and inflammation
* Corticosteroids to reduce inflammation
* Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) to slow the progression of the disease
* Biologic agents to target specific proteins involved in the immune response
* Physical therapy to improve range of motion and strength
* Rest and exercise to manage fatigue

Early diagnosis and treatment can help manage the symptoms of spondylarthritis and prevent long-term complications such as joint damage or spinal fusion.

Hyperalgesia is often seen in people with chronic pain conditions, such as fibromyalgia, and it can also be a side effect of certain medications or medical procedures. Treatment options for hyperalgesia depend on the underlying cause of the condition, but may include pain management techniques, physical therapy, and medication adjustments.

In clinical settings, hyperalgesia is often assessed using a pinprick test or other pain tolerance tests to determine the patient's sensitivity to different types of stimuli. The goal of treatment is to reduce the patient's pain and improve their quality of life.

There are several theories about what might cause fibromyalgia, including:

1. Overactive nerve endings: Some research suggests that people with fibromyalgia may have overactive nerve endings that amplify pain signals.
2. Hormonal imbalance: Hormones such as cortisol and serotonin play a role in regulating pain and mood, and some studies suggest that hormonal imbalances might contribute to fibromyalgia.
3. Infections: Some research suggests that fibromyalgia may be triggered by a viral or bacterial infection, although more research is needed to confirm this theory.
4. Genetics: Fibromyalgia tends to run in families, which suggests that there may be a genetic component to the condition.
5. Environmental factors: Trauma, stress, and other environmental factors may also play a role in the development of fibromyalgia.

There is no single test for diagnosing fibromyalgia, and doctors must use a combination of physical examination, medical history, and other tests to rule out other conditions that might cause similar symptoms. Treatment for fibromyalgia typically involves a multidisciplinary approach, including medication, physical therapy, and lifestyle changes such as exercise and stress management.

Some common symptoms of fibromyalgia include:

* Widespread muscle pain and stiffness
* Fatigue and decreased energy
* Tender points on the body (areas that are painful to the touch)
* Brain fog and cognitive difficulties (such as memory loss and difficulty concentrating)
* Sleep disturbances (including insomnia and restless sleep)
* Headaches and migraines
* Digestive problems (such as irritable bowel syndrome)
* Numbness or tingling in the hands and feet
* Depression and anxiety

There is no cure for fibromyalgia, but treatment can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life. Some common medications used to treat fibromyalgia include:

* Pain relievers (such as acetaminophen or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs)
* Anti-seizure medications (which can help reduce pain and improve sleep)
* Antidepressants (which can help with mood issues and improve sleep)
* Muscle relaxants (which can help reduce muscle spasms and stiffness)

In addition to medication, physical therapy and lifestyle changes can also be helpful in managing fibromyalgia symptoms. These might include:

* Exercise programs that are tailored to the individual's needs and abilities
* Stress management techniques (such as meditation or yoga)
* Healthy sleep habits (such as establishing a consistent bedtime routine and avoiding caffeine and electronics before bedtime)
* A balanced diet and adequate hydration
* Massage therapy or other forms of relaxation techniques.

It's important to note that each person with fibromyalgia may respond differently to different treatments, so it may take some trial and error to find the right combination of medications and lifestyle changes that work best for an individual case. It's also important to work closely with a healthcare provider to monitor progress and adjust treatment plans as needed.

There are several ways to manage labor pain, including:

1. Breathing techniques: Deep breathing, slow breathing, or controlled breathing can help relax the body and reduce pain.
2. Massage: Massaging the back, shoulders, or abdomen can help relieve tension and pain.
3. Pain relief medication: Medications such as nitrous oxide, epidural anesthesia, or narcotics can be used to reduce pain during labor.
4. Positioning: Changing positions during labor can help relieve pressure and pain. Examples include squatting, kneeling, or leaning on one's hands and knees.
5. Support: Having a supportive partner, family member, or doula can provide emotional support and help with breathing and relaxation techniques.
6. Water immersion: Soaking in a warm bath or pool during labor can help reduce pain and increase feelings of buoyancy.
7. Acupuncture: Acupuncture is a technique that involves inserting thin needles into specific points on the body to stimulate healing and pain relief.
8. Hypnosis: Hypnosis is a technique that involves guided relaxation and visualization to help reduce pain and anxiety during labor.
9. TENS (Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation): TENS is a device that uses electric impulses to stimulate nerves and reduce pain.
10. Chiropractic care: Some women may find that chiropractic care during pregnancy can help improve spinal alignment and reduce back pain during labor.

It's important to note that every woman's experience of labor pain is different, and what works for one person may not work for another. It's a good idea to discuss pain management options with a healthcare provider before going into labor.

1. Type I (formerly known as Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy): This type of CRPS occurs after an injury or trauma and is characterized by pain, swelling, redness, and hypersensitivity in the affected limb.
2. Type II (formerly known as Casali's Syndrome): This type of CRPS typically occurs after a major nerve injury and is characterized by severe pain, muscle atrophy, and weakness in the affected limb.

CRPS can be challenging to diagnose and treat, as the symptoms can be diverse and may not always fit neatly into one category. Treatment options for CRPS include physical therapy, medications such as pain relievers and anti-inflammatory drugs, and alternative therapies such as acupuncture and nerve blocks. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to relieve pain and restore function to the affected limb.

The exact cause of CRPS is not fully understood, but it is thought to involve abnormalities in the central and peripheral nervous systems, as well as imbalances in the body's immune and inflammatory responses. CRPS can have a significant impact on an individual's quality of life, making it important for healthcare professionals to provide prompt and effective treatment to manage the condition.

Kyphosis is an exaggerated forward curvature of the spine, also known as "roundback" or "hunchback". This type of curvature can be caused by a variety of factors such as osteoporosis, degenerative disc disease, and Scheuermann's disease.

Lordosis is an excessive inward curvature of the spine, also known as "swayback". This type of curvature can be caused by factors such as pregnancy, obesity, and spinal injuries.

Scoliosis is a sideways curvature of the spine, which can be caused by a variety of factors such as genetics, injury, or birth defects. Scoliosis can be classified into two main types: Cervical (neck) scoliosis and Thoracic (chest) scoliosis.

All three types of curvatures can cause discomfort, pain and decreased mobility if left untreated. Treatment options vary depending on the severity of the curvature and may include physical therapy, bracing, or surgery.

Visceral pain can be caused by a variety of factors, including inflammation, infection, injury, or obstruction of the affected organ or structure. Some common examples of visceral pain include:

1. Appendicitis: inflammation of the appendix that can cause severe, localized pain in the lower right abdomen.
2. Endometriosis: a condition in which tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside of the uterus and can cause pain, bleeding, and other symptoms.
3. Kidney stones: small, hard mineral deposits that can form in the kidneys and cause severe pain in the flank or abdomen.
4. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS): a condition characterized by recurring abdominal pain, bloating, and changes in bowel movements.
5. Ovarian cysts: fluid-filled sacs that can form on the ovaries and cause pelvic pain, bloating, and other symptoms.

Visceral pain can be difficult to diagnose and treat because it can be referred to other areas of the body, such as the back or the abdomen, and can be accompanied by other symptoms like nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Imaging tests like CT scans or ultrasound may be used to help identify the source of the pain, and medications like pain relievers, anti-inflammatory drugs, or antibiotics may be prescribed to treat the underlying cause of the pain.

Types of Spinal Neoplasms:

1. Benign tumors: Meningiomas, schwannomas, and osteochondromas are common types of benign spinal neoplasms. These tumors usually grow slowly and do not spread to other parts of the body.
2. Malignant tumors: Primary bone cancers (chordoma, chondrosarcoma, and osteosarcoma) and metastatic cancers (cancers that have spread to the spine from another part of the body) are types of malignant spinal neoplasms. These tumors can grow rapidly and spread to other parts of the body.

Causes and Risk Factors:

1. Genetic mutations: Some genetic disorders, such as neurofibromatosis type 1 and tuberous sclerosis complex, increase the risk of developing spinal neoplasms.
2. Previous radiation exposure: People who have undergone radiation therapy in the past may have an increased risk of developing a spinal tumor.
3. Family history: A family history of spinal neoplasms can increase an individual's risk.
4. Age and gender: Spinal neoplasms are more common in older adults, and males are more likely to be affected than females.

Symptoms:

1. Back pain: Pain is the most common symptom of spinal neoplasms, which can range from mild to severe and may be accompanied by other symptoms such as numbness, weakness, or tingling in the arms or legs.
2. Neurological deficits: Depending on the location and size of the tumor, patients may experience neurological deficits such as paralysis, loss of sensation, or difficulty with balance and coordination.
3. Difficulty with urination or bowel movements: Patients may experience changes in their bladder or bowel habits due to the tumor pressing on the spinal cord or nerve roots.
4. Weakness or numbness: Patients may experience weakness or numbness in their arms or legs due to compression of the spinal cord or nerve roots by the tumor.
5. Fractures: Spinal neoplasms can cause fractures in the spine, which can lead to a loss of height, an abnormal curvature of the spine, or difficulty with movement and balance.

Diagnosis:

1. Medical history and physical examination: A thorough medical history and physical examination can help identify the presence of symptoms and determine the likelihood of a spinal neoplasm.
2. Imaging studies: X-rays, CT scans, MRI scans, or PET scans may be ordered to visualize the spine and detect any abnormalities.
3. Biopsy: A biopsy may be performed to confirm the diagnosis and determine the type of tumor present.
4. Laboratory tests: Blood tests may be ordered to assess liver function, electrolyte levels, or other parameters that can help evaluate the patient's overall health.

Treatment:

1. Surgery: Surgical intervention is often necessary to remove the tumor and relieve pressure on the spinal cord or nerve roots.
2. Radiation therapy: Radiation therapy may be used before or after surgery to kill any remaining cancer cells.
3. Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy may be used in combination with radiation therapy or as a standalone treatment for patients who are not candidates for surgery.
4. Supportive care: Patients may require supportive care, such as physical therapy, pain management, and rehabilitation, to help them recover from the effects of the tumor and any treatment-related complications.

Prognosis:

The prognosis for patients with spinal neoplasms depends on several factors, including the type and location of the tumor, the extent of the disease, and the patient's overall health. In general, the prognosis is better for patients with slow-growing tumors that are confined to a specific area of the spine, as compared to those with more aggressive tumors that have spread to other parts of the body.

Survival rates:

The survival rates for patients with spinal neoplasms vary depending on the type of tumor and other factors. According to the American Cancer Society, the 5-year survival rate for primary spinal cord tumors is about 60%. However, this rate can be as high as 90% for patients with slow-growing tumors that are confined to a specific area of the spine.

Lifestyle modifications:

There are no specific lifestyle modifications that can cure spinal neoplasms, but certain changes may help improve the patient's quality of life and overall health. These may include:

1. Exercise: Gentle exercise, such as yoga or swimming, can help improve mobility and strength.
2. Diet: A balanced diet that includes plenty of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean protein can help support overall health.
3. Rest: Getting enough rest and avoiding strenuous activities can help the patient recover from treatment-related fatigue.
4. Managing stress: Stress management techniques, such as meditation or deep breathing exercises, can help reduce anxiety and improve overall well-being.
5. Follow-up care: Regular follow-up appointments with the healthcare provider are crucial to monitor the patient's condition and make any necessary adjustments to their treatment plan.

In conclusion, spinal neoplasms are rare tumors that can develop in the spine and can have a significant impact on the patient's quality of life. Early diagnosis is essential for effective treatment, and survival rates vary depending on the type of tumor and other factors. While there are no specific lifestyle modifications that can cure spinal neoplasms, certain changes may help improve the patient's overall health and well-being. It is important for patients to work closely with their healthcare provider to develop a personalized treatment plan and follow-up care to ensure the best possible outcome.

There are different types of spondylosis, including:

1. Cervical spondylosis: affects the neck area
2. Thoracic spondylosis: affects the chest area
3. Lumbar spondylosis: affects the lower back
4. Sacroiliac spondylosis: affects the pelvis and lower back

Spondylosis can be caused by a variety of factors such as:

1. Aging - wear and tear on the spine over time
2. Injury - trauma to the spine, such as a fall or a car accident
3. Overuse - repetitive strain on the spine, such as from heavy lifting or bending
4. Genetics - some people may be more prone to developing spondylosis due to their genetic makeup
5. Degenerative conditions - conditions such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and degenerative disc disease can contribute to the development of spondylosis.

Symptoms of spondylosis can vary depending on the location and severity of the condition, but may include:

1. Pain - in the neck, back, or other areas affected by the condition
2. Stiffness - limited mobility and reduced flexibility
3. Limited range of motion - difficulty moving or bending
4. Muscle spasms - sudden, involuntary contractions of the muscles
5. Tenderness - pain or discomfort in the affected area when touched

Treatment for spondylosis depends on the severity and location of the condition, but may include:

1. Medications - such as pain relievers, anti-inflammatory drugs, and muscle relaxants
2. Physical therapy - exercises and stretches to improve mobility and reduce pain
3. Lifestyle changes - such as regular exercise, good posture, and weight management
4. Injections - corticosteroid or hyaluronic acid injections to reduce inflammation and relieve pain
5. Surgery - in severe cases where other treatments have not been effective.

It's important to note that spondylosis is a degenerative condition, which means it cannot be cured, but with proper management and treatment, symptoms can be effectively managed and quality of life can be improved.

There are several types of spondylitis, including:

1. Ankylosing spondylitis (AS): This is the most common form of spondylitis and primarily affects the lower back. It can cause stiffness, pain, and reduced mobility in the spine.
2. Psoriatic arthritis (PsA): This type of spondylitis affects both the joints and the spine, causing inflammation and pain. It often occurs in people with psoriasis, a skin condition that causes red, scaly patches.
3. Enteropathic spondylitis: This is a rare form of spondylitis that occurs in people with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), such as Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis.
4. Undifferentiated spondylitis: This type of spondylitis does not fit into any other category and may be caused by a variety of factors.

The symptoms of spondylitis can vary depending on the specific type and severity of the condition, but may include:

1. Back pain that is worse with activity and improves with rest
2. Stiffness in the back, particularly in the morning or after periods of inactivity
3. Redness and warmth in the affected area
4. Swelling in the affected joints
5. Limited range of motion in the spine
6. Fatigue
7. Loss of appetite
8. Low-grade fever

Spondylitis can be diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, medical history, and imaging tests such as X-rays or MRIs. Treatment typically involves a combination of medication and lifestyle modifications, such as exercise, physical therapy, and stress management techniques. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to repair or replace damaged joints or tissue.

It's important to note that spondylitis is a chronic condition, meaning it cannot be cured but can be managed with ongoing treatment and lifestyle modifications. With proper management, many people with spondylitis are able to lead active and fulfilling lives.

Spondylitis, ankylosing can affect any part of the spine, but it most commonly affects the lower back (lumbar spine) and the neck (cervical spine). The condition can also affect other joints, such as the hips, shoulders, and feet.

The exact cause of spondylitis, ankylosing is not known, but it is believed to be an autoimmune disorder, meaning that the body's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue in the joints. Genetics may also play a role in the development of the condition.

Symptoms of spondylitis, ankylosing can include:

* Back pain and stiffness
* Pain and swelling in the joints
* Limited mobility and flexibility
* Redness and warmth in the affected area
* Fatigue

If you suspect that you or someone you know may have spondylitis, ankylosing, it is important to seek medical attention for proper diagnosis and treatment. A healthcare professional can perform a physical examination and order imaging tests, such as X-rays or MRIs, to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other conditions.

Treatment for spondylitis, ankylosing typically involves a combination of medications and physical therapy. Medications may include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, and disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Physical therapy can help improve mobility and flexibility, as well as strengthen the muscles supporting the affected joints.

In severe cases of spondylitis, ankylosing, surgery may be necessary to repair or replace damaged joints. In some cases, the condition may progress to the point where the joints become fused and immobile, a condition known as ankylosis.

While there is no cure for spondylitis, ankylosing, early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can help manage symptoms and slow the progression of the disease. With proper care and support, individuals with spondylitis, ankylosing can lead active and fulfilling lives.

Symptoms of an epidural abscess may include:

* Back pain that worsens over time
* Fever
* Headache
* Muscle weakness or numbness in the legs
* Difficulty urinating

Diagnosis of an epidural abscess is typically made through a combination of physical examination, imaging tests such as MRI or CT scans, and laboratory tests to identify the presence of bacteria in the blood or cerebrospinal fluid.

Treatment for an epidural abscess usually involves antibiotics and surgical drainage of the abscess. In severe cases, treatment may also involve supportive care such as mechanical ventilation and management of related complications such as seizures or stroke.

There are several types of headaches, including:

1. Tension headache: This is the most common type of headache and is caused by muscle tension in the neck and scalp.
2. Migraine: This is a severe headache that can cause nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound.
3. Sinus headache: This type of headache is caused by inflammation or infection in the sinuses.
4. Cluster headache: This is a rare type of headache that occurs in clusters or cycles and can be very painful.
5. Rebound headache: This type of headache is caused by overuse of pain medication.

Headaches can be treated with a variety of methods, such as:

1. Over-the-counter pain medications, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen.
2. Prescription medications, such as triptans or ergots, for migraines and other severe headaches.
3. Lifestyle changes, such as stress reduction techniques, regular exercise, and a healthy diet.
4. Alternative therapies, such as acupuncture or massage, which can help relieve tension and pain.
5. Addressing underlying causes, such as sinus infections or allergies, that may be contributing to the headaches.

It is important to seek medical attention if a headache is severe, persistent, or accompanied by other symptoms such as fever, confusion, or weakness. A healthcare professional can diagnose the cause of the headache and recommend appropriate treatment.

The term "cumulative" refers to the gradual buildup of damage over time, as opposed to a single traumatic event that causes immediate harm. The damage can result from repetitive motions, vibrations, compressive forces, or other forms of stress that accumulate and lead to tissue injury and inflammation.

Some common examples of CTDs include:

1. Carpal tunnel syndrome: A condition that affects the wrist and hand, caused by repetitive motion and compression of the median nerve.
2. Tendinitis: Inflammation of a tendon, often caused by repetitive motion or overuse.
3. Bursitis: Inflammation of a bursa, a fluid-filled sac that cushions joints and reduces friction between tissues.
4. Tennis elbow: A condition characterized by inflammation of the tendons on the outside of the elbow, caused by repetitive gripping or twisting motions.
5. Plantar fasciitis: Inflammation of the plantar fascia, a band of tissue that runs along the bottom of the foot, caused by repetitive strain and overuse.
6. Repetitive stress injuries: A broad category of injuries caused by repetitive motion, such as typing or using a computer mouse.
7. Occupational asthma: A condition caused by inhaling allergens or irritants in the workplace, leading to inflammation and narrowing of the airways.
8. Hearing loss: Damage to the inner ear or auditory nerve caused by exposure to loud noises over time.
9. Vibration white finger: A condition that affects the hands, causing whiteness or loss of blood flow in the fingers due to exposure to vibrating tools.
10. Carpal tunnel syndrome: Compression of the median nerve in the wrist, leading to numbness, tingling, and weakness in the hand and arm.

It's important to note that these conditions can have a significant impact on an individual's quality of life, ability to work, and overall well-being. If you are experiencing any of these conditions, it is important to seek medical attention to receive proper diagnosis and treatment.

There are several types of spinal cord compression, including:

1. Central canal stenosis: This occurs when the central canal of the spine narrows, compressing the spinal cord.
2. Foraminal stenosis: This occurs when the openings on either side of the spine (foramina) narrow, compressing the nerves exiting the spinal cord.
3. Spondylolisthesis: This occurs when a vertebra slips out of place, compressing the spinal cord.
4. Herniated discs: This occurs when the gel-like center of a disc bulges out and presses on the spinal cord.
5. Bone spurs: This occurs when bone growths develop on the vertebrae, compressing the spinal cord.
6. Tumors: This can be either primary or metastatic tumors that grow in the spine and compress the spinal cord.
7. Trauma: This occurs when there is a direct blow to the spine, causing compression of the spinal cord.

Symptoms of spinal cord compression may include:

* Pain, numbness, weakness, or tingling in the arms and legs
* Difficulty walking or maintaining balance
* Muscle wasting or loss of muscle mass
* Decreased reflexes
* Loss of bladder or bowel control
* Weakness in the muscles of the face, arms, or legs
* Difficulty with fine motor skills such as buttoning a shirt or typing

Diagnosis of spinal cord compression is typically made through a combination of physical examination, medical history, and imaging tests such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRI scans. Treatment options for spinal cord compression depend on the underlying cause and may include medication, surgery, or a combination of both.

In conclusion, spinal cord compression is a serious medical condition that can have significant impacts on quality of life, mobility, and overall health. It is important to be aware of the causes and symptoms of spinal cord compression in order to seek medical attention if they occur. With proper diagnosis and treatment, many cases of spinal cord compression can be effectively managed and improved.

There are several types of polyradiculopathy, including:

1. Cervical polyradiculopathy: This type affects the neck and can cause pain, numbness, and weakness in the arms, hands, and fingers.
2. Thoracic polyradiculopathy: This type affects the chest area and can cause pain, numbness, and weakness in the arms, hands, and fingers.
3. Lumbar polyradiculopathy: This type affects the lower back and can cause pain, numbness, and weakness in the legs, feet, and toes.
4. Sacral polyradiculopathy: This type affects the pelvis and can cause pain, numbness, and weakness in the legs, feet, and toes.

Polyradiculopathy can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

1. Herniated discs: When the gel-like center of a spinal disc bulges out through a tear in the outer layer, it can put pressure on the nerve roots and cause polyradiculopathy.
2. Degenerative disc disease: As we age, the spinal discs can break down and lose their cushioning ability, which can cause pressure on the nerve roots and lead to polyradiculopathy.
3. Spondylosis: This is a condition where bone spurs form on the vertebrae and can put pressure on the nerve roots, leading to polyradiculopathy.
4. Spinal stenosis: This is a condition where the spinal canal narrows, which can put pressure on the nerve roots and cause polyradiculopathy.
5. Inflammatory diseases: Conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis can cause inflammation in the spine and compress the nerve roots, leading to polyradiculopathy.
6. Trauma: A sudden injury, such as a fall or a car accident, can cause polyradiculopathy by compressing or damaging the nerve roots.
7. Tumors: Tumors in the spine can compress or damage the nerve roots and cause polyradiculopathy.
8. Infections: Infections such as meningitis or discitis can cause inflammation and compression of the nerve roots, leading to polyradiculopathy.
9. Vitamin deficiencies: Deficiencies in vitamins such as B12 and vitamin D can cause nerve damage and lead to polyradiculopathy.

The symptoms of polyradiculopathy can vary depending on the location and severity of the compression. Common symptoms include:

1. Pain: Pain is the most common symptom of polyradiculopathy, and it can occur in the back, legs, feet, and toes. The pain can be sharp, dull, or burning, and it can be exacerbated by movement or coughing.
2. Numbness and tingling: Compression of the nerve roots can cause numbness and tingling sensations in the legs, feet, and toes.
3. Weakness: Polyradiculopathy can cause weakness in the muscles of the legs, feet, and toes, making it difficult to walk or perform daily activities.
4. Muscle spasms: Compression of the nerve roots can cause muscle spasms in the back, legs, and feet.
5. Decreased reflexes: Polyradiculopathy can cause decreased reflexes in the legs and feet.
6. Difficulty with balance: Compression of the nerve roots can cause difficulty with balance and coordination.
7. Bladder and bowel dysfunction: In severe cases, polyradiculopathy can cause bladder and bowel dysfunction.

The diagnosis of polyradiculopathy typically involves a combination of physical examination, medical history, and diagnostic tests such as:

1. Physical examination: A thorough physical examination can help identify the presence of numbness, weakness, and other symptoms in the legs and feet.
2. Medical history: A detailed medical history can help identify any underlying conditions that may be contributing to the polyradiculopathy, such as diabetes or thyroid disorders.
3. Imaging tests: Imaging tests such as X-rays, CT scans, and MRI scans can help identify any structural problems in the spine that may be compressing the nerve roots.
4. Electromyography (EMG): An EMG can help identify any damage to the muscles and nerves in the legs and feet.
5. Nerve conduction studies: Nerve conduction studies can help identify any damage to the nerve roots and their function.

Treatment for polyradiculopathy depends on the underlying cause and severity of the condition. Some common treatments include:

1. Medications: Pain medications, muscle relaxants, and anti-inflammatory drugs can help manage symptoms such as pain, numbness, and tingling.
2. Physical therapy: Physical therapy can help improve mobility, strength, and flexibility in the affected limbs.
3. Lifestyle modifications: Maintaining a healthy weight, exercising regularly, and avoiding activities that exacerbate symptoms can help manage the condition.
4. Surgery: In some cases, surgery may be necessary to relieve compression on the nerve roots or repair any structural problems in the spine.
5. Alternative therapies: Alternative therapies such as acupuncture and chiropractic care may also be helpful in managing symptoms.

1. Osteoarthritis: A degenerative condition that causes the breakdown of cartilage in the joints, leading to pain, stiffness, and loss of mobility.
2. Rheumatoid arthritis: An autoimmune disease that causes inflammation in the joints, leading to pain, swelling, and deformity.
3. Gout: A condition caused by the buildup of uric acid in the joints, leading to sudden and severe attacks of pain, inflammation, and swelling.
4. Bursitis: Inflammation of the bursae, small fluid-filled sacs that cushion the joints and reduce friction between tendons and bones.
5. Tendinitis: Inflammation of the tendons, which connect muscles to bones.
6. Synovitis: Inflammation of the synovial membrane, a thin lining that covers the joints and lubricates them with fluid.
7. Periarthritis: Inflammation of the tissues around the joints, such as the synovial membrane, tendons, and ligaments.
8. Spondyloarthritis: A group of conditions that affect the spine and sacroiliac joints, leading to inflammation and pain in these areas.
9. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis: A condition that affects children and causes inflammation and pain in the joints.
10. Systemic lupus erythematosus: An autoimmune disease that can affect many parts of the body, including the joints.

These are just a few examples of the many types of joint diseases that exist. Each type has its own unique symptoms and causes, and they can be caused by a variety of factors such as genetics, injury, infection, or age-related wear and tear. Treatment options for joint diseases can range from medication and physical therapy to surgery, depending on the severity of the condition and its underlying cause.

Some common examples of spinal cord diseases include:

1. Spinal muscular atrophy: This is a genetic disorder that affects the nerve cells responsible for controlling voluntary muscle movement. It can cause muscle weakness and wasting, as well as other symptoms such as respiratory problems and difficulty swallowing.
2. Multiple sclerosis: This is an autoimmune disease that causes inflammation and damage to the protective covering of nerve fibers in the spinal cord. Symptoms can include vision problems, muscle weakness, balance and coordination difficulties, and cognitive impairment.
3. Spinal cord injuries: These can occur as a result of trauma, such as a car accident or a fall, and can cause a range of symptoms including paralysis, numbness, and loss of sensation below the level of the injury.
4. Spinal stenosis: This is a condition in which the spinal canal narrows, putting pressure on the spinal cord and nerve roots. Symptoms can include back pain, leg pain, and difficulty walking or standing for long periods.
5. Tumors: Benign or malignant tumors can grow in the spinal cord, causing a range of symptoms including pain, weakness, and numbness or tingling in the limbs.
6. Infections: Bacterial, viral, or fungal infections can cause inflammation and damage to the spinal cord, leading to symptoms such as fever, headache, and muscle weakness.
7. Degenerative diseases: Conditions such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) can cause progressive degeneration of the spinal cord nerve cells, leading to muscle weakness, twitching, and wasting.
8. Trauma: Traumatic injuries, such as those caused by sports injuries or physical assault, can damage the spinal cord and result in a range of symptoms including pain, numbness, and weakness.
9. Ischemia: Reduced blood flow to the spinal cord can cause tissue damage and lead to symptoms such as weakness, numbness, and paralysis.
10. Spinal cord infarction: A blockage in the blood vessels that supply the spinal cord can cause tissue damage and lead to symptoms similar to those of ischemia.

It's important to note that some of these conditions can be caused by a combination of factors, such as genetics, age, lifestyle, and environmental factors. It's also worth noting that some of these conditions can have a significant impact on quality of life, and in some cases, may be fatal.

The term "hypesthesia" comes from the Greek words "hypo," meaning "under," and "aesthesis," meaning "sensation." It is sometimes used interchangeably with the term "hyperesthesia," which refers to an abnormal increase in sensitivity to sensory stimuli.

Hypesthesia can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

* Neurological disorders such as peripheral neuropathy or multiple sclerosis
* Injury or trauma to the nervous system
* Infections such as Lyme disease or HIV
* Certain medications, such as antidepressants or antipsychotics
* Substance abuse

Symptoms of hypesthesia can vary depending on the individual and the underlying cause, but may include:

* Increased sensitivity to touch, light, or sound
* Exaggerated response to stimuli, such as jumping or startling easily
* Difficulty filtering out background noise or sensory input
* Feeling overwhelmed by sensory inputs

Treatment for hypesthesia depends on the underlying cause and may include:

* Medications to manage pain or inflammation
* Physical therapy to improve sensory integration
* Sensory integration techniques, such as deep breathing or mindfulness exercises
* Avoiding triggers that exacerbate the condition

It is important to note that hypesthesia can be a symptom of an underlying medical condition, and proper diagnosis and treatment are necessary to address any underlying causes. If you suspect you or someone you know may be experiencing hypesthesia, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and treatment.

The exact cause of osteoarthritis is not known, but it is thought to be due to a combination of factors such as genetics, wear and tear on joints over time, and injuries or trauma to the joint. Osteoarthritis can affect any joint in the body, but it most commonly affects the hands, knees, hips, and spine.

The symptoms of osteoarthritis can vary depending on the severity of the condition and which joint is affected. Common symptoms include:

* Pain or tenderness in the joint
* Stiffness, especially after periods of rest or inactivity
* Limited mobility or loss of flexibility
* Grating or crackling sensations when the joint is moved
* Swelling or redness in the affected joint
* Muscle weakness or wasting

There is no cure for osteoarthritis, but there are several treatment options available to manage the symptoms and slow the progression of the disease. These include:

* Pain relief medications such as acetaminophen or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
* Physical therapy to improve mobility and strength
* Lifestyle modifications such as weight loss, regular exercise, and avoiding activities that exacerbate the condition
* Bracing or orthotics to support the affected joint
* Corticosteroid injections or hyaluronic acid injections to reduce inflammation and improve joint function
* Joint replacement surgery in severe cases where other treatments have failed.

Early diagnosis and treatment of osteoarthritis can help manage symptoms, slow the progression of the disease, and improve quality of life for individuals with this condition.

Example Sentences:

1. The star quarterback suffered a serious athletic injury during last night's game and is out for the season.
2. The athlete underwent surgery to repair a torn ACL, one of the most common athletic injuries in high-impact sports.
3. The coach emphasized the importance of proper technique to prevent athletic injuries among his team members.
4. After suffering a minor sprain, the runner was advised to follow the RICE method to recover and return to competition as soon as possible.

Some common causes of paresthesia include:

1. Nerve compression or entrapment: This can occur when a nerve is pinched or compressed due to injury, tumors, or other conditions.
2. Neurodegenerative diseases: Conditions such as multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease can cause paresthesia by damaging the nerve cells.
3. Stroke or cerebral vasculitis: A stroke or inflammation of the blood vessels in the brain can cause paresthesia.
4. Migraines: Some people experience paresthesia during a migraine episode.
5. Nutritional deficiencies: Deficiencies in vitamins such as B12 and B6, as well as other nutrients, can cause paresthesia.
6. Infections: Certain infections, such as Lyme disease, can cause paresthesia.
7. Trauma: Physical trauma, such as a fall or a car accident, can cause nerve damage and result in paresthesia.
8. Cancer: Some types of cancer, such as lymphoma, can cause paresthesia by damaging the nerves.
9. Autoimmune disorders: Conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus can cause paresthesia by attacking the body's own tissues, including the nerves.

Paresthesia can be a symptom of an underlying medical condition, so it is important to see a doctor if you experience persistent or recurring episodes of numbness, tingling, or burning sensations. A thorough examination and diagnostic testing can help determine the cause of the paresthesia and appropriate treatment can be recommended.

There are several types of radiculopathy, including:

1. Cervical radiculopathy: This type affects the neck and arm region and is often caused by a herniated disk or degenerative changes in the spine.
2. Thoracic radiculopathy: This type affects the chest and abdominal regions and is often caused by a tumor or injury.
3. Lumbar radiculopathy: This type affects the lower back and leg region and is often caused by a herniated disk, spinal stenosis, or degenerative changes in the spine.
4. Sacral radiculopathy: This type affects the pelvis and legs and is often caused by a tumor or injury.

The symptoms of radiculopathy can vary depending on the location and severity of the nerve compression. They may include:

1. Pain in the affected area, which can be sharp or dull and may be accompanied by numbness, tingling, or weakness.
2. Numbness or tingling sensations in the skin of the affected limb.
3. Weakness in the affected muscles, which can make it difficult to move the affected limb or perform certain activities.
4. Difficulty with coordination and balance.
5. Tremors or spasms in the affected muscles.
6. Decreased reflexes in the affected area.
7. Difficulty with bladder or bowel control (in severe cases).

Treatment for radiculopathy depends on the underlying cause and severity of the condition. Conservative treatments such as physical therapy, medication, and lifestyle changes may be effective in managing symptoms and improving function. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to relieve pressure on the nerve root.

It's important to seek medical attention if you experience any of the symptoms of radiculopathy, as early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent long-term damage and improve outcomes.

If you are experiencing flank pain, it is important to seek medical attention to determine the cause and receive proper treatment. A healthcare provider will perform a physical examination, take a medical history, and order diagnostic tests such as blood work, imaging studies, or a CT scan to determine the underlying cause of the pain.

Treatment for flank pain depends on the underlying cause, but may include antibiotics for infections, pain management medication, or surgical intervention in more severe cases. It is important to follow your healthcare provider's recommendations and seek medical attention if your symptoms worsen or if you experience other concerning symptoms such as fever, nausea, or vomiting.

Recurrence can also refer to the re-emergence of symptoms in a previously treated condition, such as a chronic pain condition that returns after a period of remission.

In medical research, recurrence is often studied to understand the underlying causes of disease progression and to develop new treatments and interventions to prevent or delay its return.

The risk of developing osteoarthritis of the knee increases with age, obesity, and previous knee injuries or surgery. Symptoms of knee OA can include:

* Pain and stiffness in the knee, especially after activity or extended periods of standing or sitting
* Swelling and redness in the knee
* Difficulty moving the knee through its full range of motion
* Crunching or grinding sensations when the knee is bent or straightened
* Instability or a feeling that the knee may give way

Treatment for knee OA typically includes a combination of medication, physical therapy, and lifestyle modifications. Medications such as pain relievers, anti-inflammatory drugs, and corticosteroids can help manage symptoms, while physical therapy can improve joint mobility and strength. Lifestyle modifications, such as weight loss, regular exercise, and avoiding activities that exacerbate the condition, can also help slow the progression of the disease. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to repair or replace the damaged joint.

There are several types of kyphosis, including:

1. Postural kyphosis: This type of kyphosis is caused by poor posture and is often seen in teenagers.
2. Scheuermann's kyphosis: This type of kyphosis is caused by a structural deformity of the spine and is most common during adolescence.
3. Degenerative kyphosis: This type of kyphosis is caused by degenerative changes in the spine, such as osteoporosis or degenerative disc disease.
4. Neuromuscular kyphosis: This type of kyphosis is caused by neuromuscular disorders such as cerebral palsy or muscular dystrophy.

Symptoms of kyphosis can include:

* An abnormal curvature of the spine
* Back pain
* Difficulty breathing
* Difficulty maintaining posture
* Loss of height
* Tiredness or fatigue

Kyphosis can be diagnosed through a physical examination, X-rays, and other imaging tests. Treatment options for kyphosis depend on the type and severity of the condition and can include:

* Physical therapy
* Bracing
* Medication
* Surgery

It is important to seek medical attention if you or your child is experiencing any symptoms of kyphosis, as early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent further progression of the condition and improve quality of life.

Compression fractures are more common in older adults due to the natural aging process that weakens bones, causing them to become brittle and prone to breaking. This type of fracture can also be caused by other conditions such as cancer or infections that weaken bones.

Compression fractures are often diagnosed with X-rays or CT scans, which show the extent of the fracture and any damage to surrounding tissue. Treatment typically involves pain management, bracing to support the spine, and medication to prevent further bone loss. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to stabilize the spine or correct deformities.

Compression fractures can have a significant impact on quality of life, causing chronic back pain, limited mobility, and emotional distress. However, with proper treatment and support, many people are able to recover and maintain their independence.

Preventing compression fractures is essential, particularly for older adults or those with osteoporosis. This can be achieved through a healthy diet rich in calcium and vitamin D, regular exercise, and avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption. Additionally, falling prevention strategies such as removing tripping hazards from the home environment and improving lighting can help reduce the risk of compression fractures.

Overall, compression fractures are a common condition that can significantly impact quality of life. Understanding the causes, diagnosis, and treatment options is crucial for effective management and prevention of this condition.

There are several types of nerve compression syndromes, including:

1. Carpal tunnel syndrome: Compression of the median nerve in the wrist, commonly caused by repetitive motion or injury.
2. Tarsal tunnel syndrome: Compression of the posterior tibial nerve in the ankle, similar to carpal tunnel syndrome but affecting the lower leg.
3. Cubital tunnel syndrome: Compression of the ulnar nerve at the elbow, often caused by repetitive leaning or bending.
4. Thoracic outlet syndrome: Compression of the nerves and blood vessels that pass through the thoracic outlet (the space between the neck and shoulder), often caused by poor posture or injury.
5. Peripheral neuropathy: A broader term for damage to the peripheral nerves, often caused by diabetes, vitamin deficiencies, or other systemic conditions.
6. Meralgia paresthetica: Compression of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve in the thigh, commonly caused by direct trauma or compression from a tight waistband or clothing.
7. Morton's neuroma: Compression of the plantar digital nerves between the toes, often caused by poorly fitting shoes or repetitive stress on the feet.
8. Neuralgia: A general term for pain or numbness caused by damage or irritation to a nerve, often associated with chronic conditions such as shingles or postherpetic neuralgia.
9. Trigeminal neuralgia: A condition characterized by recurring episodes of sudden, extreme pain in the face, often caused by compression or irritation of the trigeminal nerve.
10. Neuropathic pain: Pain that occurs as a result of damage or dysfunction of the nervous system, often accompanied by other symptoms such as numbness, tingling, or weakness.

... is pain felt in the back. It may be classified as neck pain (cervical), middle back pain (thoracic), lower back pain ... For most individuals, back pain is self-limiting. Most people with back pain do not experience chronic severe pain but rather ... Back pain is classified in terms of duration of symptoms. Acute back pain lasts ... Tumors of the vertebrae, neural tissues and adjacent structures can also manifest as back pain. Back pain is common; ...
... , also known as thoracic back pain, is back pain that is felt in the region of the thoracic vertebrae, which ... Any pain in this area is considered "middle back pain". The exact symptoms associated with middle back pain will depend upon ... "Chiropractic Treatment for Back Pain Problems". 16 October 2014. Retrieved 25 November 2014. "Thoracic Back Pain". Patient.info ... Other, less common causes of thoracic back pain include a spinal disc herniation which often may have radicular pain (wrapping ...
American Pain Society Low Back Pain Guidelines Panel) (October 2007). "Diagnosis and treatment of low back pain: a joint ... American Pain Society Low Back Pain Guidelines Panel) (October 2007). "Diagnosis and treatment of low back pain: a joint ... Pain can vary from a dull constant ache to a sudden sharp feeling. Low back pain may be classified by duration as acute (pain ... "Use of imaging studies for low back pain: percentage of members with a primary diagnosis of low back pain who did not have an ...
... which can ease the back pain and reduce the risk of chronic back pain returning. Although, for acute back pain exercises ... Harvard Health Low back pain at MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia Back Pain at UW Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine Low Back Pain ... The Best Treatment for Back Pain". Retrieved 2011-10-20. Back and spine at Curlie Low Back Pain Fact Sheet at National ... which might exacerbate back pain. Sit Up Straight! The way you sit may either cause or help to prevent back pain. Maintain ...
Stooped back when standing. Malalignment of pelvic and/or back joints. Struggle to sit or stand. Pain may also radiate down the ... Previous lower back pain. Previous pelvic girdle pain during pregnancy. Hypermobility, genetical ability to stretch joints ... Pain is usually felt low down over the symphyseal joint, and this area may be extremely tender to the touch. Pain may also be ... Pain pulling legs apart. Inability to stand on one leg. Inability to transfer weight through pelvis and legs. Pain in hips and/ ...
Responsible, safe, and effective use of biologics in the management of low back pain: American Society of Interventional Pain ... American Society of Interventional Pain Physicians American Board of Interventional Pain Physicians Pain Physician (journal) ( ... and Compliance in Interventional Pain Management; Low Back Pain: Diagnosis and Treatment; Foundations; Clinical Aspects; Board ... Pain Physician 2020; 23:S161-S182. Gharibo C, Sharma A, Soin A, et al. Triaging interventional pain procedures during COVID-19 ...
Spa therapy could potentially improve pain in patients with chronic lower back pain, but more studies are needed to provide ... Chronic neuropathic pain: pain caused by damage to the somatosensory nervous system. Chronic headache and orofacial pain: pain ... Chronic visceral pain: pain originating in an internal organ. Chronic musculoskeletal pain: pain originating in the bones, ... Chronic pain can contribute to decreased physical activity due to fear of making the pain worse. Pain intensity, pain control, ...
Local pain in the prostate can radiate referred pain to the abdomen, lower back, and calf muscles. Kidney stones can cause ... but it perceives the pain as coming from somewhere on the body wall, i.e. substernal pain, left arm/hand pain, jaw pain.[ ... Referred pain, also called reflective pain, is pain perceived at a location other than the site of the painful stimulus. An ... Radiating pain is slightly different from referred pain; for example, the pain related to a myocardial infarction could either ...
"Process evaluation of a participatory ergonomics programme to prevent low back pain and neck pain among workers". ... Neck pain may arise due to muscular tightness in both the neck and upper back, or pinching of the nerves emanating from the ... Referred pain - mostly from upper back problems Over-use - muscular strain is one of the most common causes Whiplash Pinched ... The head is supported by the lower neck and upper back, and it is these areas that commonly cause neck pain. The top three ...
A systematic review concluded that dry needling for the treatment of myofascial pain syndrome in the lower back appeared to be ... Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS), also known as chronic myofascial pain (CMP), is a syndrome characterized by chronic pain in ... It is a relatively common cause of temporomandibular pain. Myofascial pain is pain in muscles or fascia (a type of connective ... The pain does not resolve on its own, even after typical first-aid self-care such as ice, heat, and rest. Myofascial pain ...
... is pain caused, increased or prolonged by mental, emotional or behavioral factors. Headache, back pain and stomach pain are ... no pain' and 'worst imaginable pain". Cut-offs for pain classification have been recommended as no pain (0-4mm), mild pain (5- ... VAS Pain), Numeric Rating Scale for Pain (NRS Pain), McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ), Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF- ... "Does Opioid Tapering in Chronic Pain Patients Result in Improved Pain or Same Pain vs Increased Pain at Taper Completion? A ...
It's a promising single from Youngboy." A., Aron (December 10, 2018). "Youngboy Never Broke Again Is Back With "Valuable Pain ... "Valuable Pain" is a song by American rapper YoungBoy Never Broke Again, released on December 10, 2018 as the lead single from ... Aron A. of HotNewHipHop gave the song a "VERY HOTTTTT" rating and wrote, "On 'Valuable Pain,' Youngboy perfectly balances his ... "YoungBoy Never Broke Again Gets Personal in New Visual 'Valuable Pain'". Hot 97. December 12, 2018. Retrieved September 23, ...
Sometimes it is closely associated with lower back pain. Causes of pain around the hip joint may be intra-articular, extra- ... pain in the buttock, called posterior or gluteal hip pain, which is the least common type of hip pain, is most often caused by ... Pain in the hip is the experience of pain in the muscles or joints in the hip/ pelvic region, a condition commonly arising from ... pain is usually in both hips simultaneously Malignancy, as cancer in the pelvis or proximal femur may cause pain; usually only ...
... backing vocals Tommy Lee - drums, percussion, piano, backing vocals Jay Winding - keyboards Max Carl, John Batdorf - backing ... "A Look Back At Motley Crue's Theatre of Pain". Ultimate Classic Rock. Retrieved August 2, 2019. Popoff, Martin (November 1, ... Vince Neil - lead and backing vocals, harmonica Mick Mars - all electric, acoustic and slide guitars, backing vocals Nikki Sixx ... Theatre of Pain is the third studio album by American heavy metal band Mötley Crüe, released on June 21, 1985. Released in the ...
Studies have shown that kinesiotape could be used on individuals with chronic low back pain to reduce pain. The Center for ... Acute pain medication is for rapid onset of pain such as from an inflicted trauma or to treat post-operative pain. Chronic pain ... Pain management is an aspect of medicine and health care involving relief of pain (pain relief, analgesia, pain control) in ... How does the pain feel? Where is the pain? What, if anything, makes the pain lessen? What, if anything, makes the pain increase ...
"Relieving Back Pain During Pregnancy: Pelvic Tilt, Leg Lift". Northern Inyo Hospital. Archived from the original on 2016-08-12 ... Abdominal pains during pregnancy may be due to various pathologies. RLP is one of the most common and benign of these pains. ... Round ligament pain (RLP) is pain associated with the round ligament of the uterus, usually during pregnancy. RLP is one of the ... Shooting abdominal pain when performing sudden movements or physical exercise. Pain is sudden, intermittent and lasts only for ...
Dimitrakov J, Dimitrakova E (2009). "Urologic chronic pelvic pain syndrome--looking back and looking forward". Folia Med ( ... Urologic chronic pelvic pain syndrome (UCPPS) is ongoing bladder pain in either sex, chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain ... "A New Look at Urological Chronic Pelvic Pain". Multi-Disciplinary Approach to the Study of Chronic Pelvic Pain. Retrieved 8 ... CS1: long volume value, Ailments of unknown cause, Urologic pelvic pain syndrome, Urinary bladder disorders, Chronic pain ...
It may also coexist with low back pain, arthritis, and obesity. The primary symptom is hip pain, especially hip pain on the ... Greater trochanteric pain syndrome can remain incorrectly diagnosed for years, because it shares the same pattern of pain with ... The symptoms are pain in the hip region on walking, and tenderness over the upper part of the femur, which may result in the ... This pain may appear when the affected person is walking or lying down on that side.[citation needed] A doctor may begin the ...
Munro, Scott (April 20, 2018). "Five Finger Death Punch hit back with new single Sham Pain". Louder. Retrieved May 5, 2018. " ... "Sham Pain" is a single by American heavy metal band Five Finger Death Punch. Released on April 20, 2018, it is the second ... The music video for "Sham Pain" was based heavily on slapstick elements. "Life is not so difficult if you don't take yourself ... "Five Finger Death Punch premiere slapstick new video, Sham Pain". Kerrang!. May 10, 2018. Archived from the original on April ...
Aortic dissection is characterized by severe chest pain that radiates the back. It is usually associated with Marfan's syndrome ... Chest pain that radiates to one or both shoulders or arms, chest pain that occurs with physical activity, chest pain associated ... Unlike cardiac chest pain, esophageal pain is not related to activity. The pain is usually associated with swallowing of hot or ... Chest pain is pain or discomfort in the chest, typically the front of the chest. It may be described as sharp, dull, pressure, ...
Roland-Morris Back Pain Questionnaire Support Team Assessment Schedule (STAS) Wharton Impairment and Pain Scale (WIPS) Wong- ... Alder Hey Triage Pain Score Behavioral Pain Scale (BPS) Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) Checklist of Nonverbal Pain Indicators (CNPI ... for measuring pain in children Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP) for measuring pain in premature infants Schmidt Sting Pain ... 1991 revision 1997 revision Mankoski Pain Scale McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) Multiple Pain Rating Scales Neck Pain and ...
Liddle, Sarah D; Pennick, Victoria; Liddle, Sarah D (2015). "Interventions for preventing and treating low-back and pelvic pain ... Those with pain in the genital and pelvic regions can have dysfunctional voiding or defecation. Pain in this region of the body ... Genital pain and pelvic pain can arise from a variety of conditions, crimes, trauma, medical treatments, physical diseases, ... In some instances the pain is consensual and self-induced. Self-induced pain can be a cause for concern and may require a ...
A study published in the British Medical Journal in 2017 examined reports of joint or back pain from millions of doctor visits ... "Pain complaint and the weather: weather sensitivity and symptom complaints in chronic pain patients". Pain. 49 (2): 199-204. ... Anupam B Jena; Andrew R Olenski; Nolan Miller (2017). "Association between rainfall and diagnoses of joint or back pain: ... Weather pains, weather-related pain, or meteoropathy is a phenomenon that occurs when people with conditions such as arthritis ...
Back pain may be present and, if intense, may spread left and right. Back pain may be referred from the pancreas, or may ... post-amputation pain or pelvic floor myalgia. Chemotherapy may cause mucositis, muscle pain, joint pain, abdominal pain caused ... Local recurrence of cancer after the removal of a kidney can cause pain in the lumbar back, or L1 or L2 spinal nerve pain in ... Back pain and headache - often severe and possibly associated with nausea, vomiting, neck rigidity and pain or discomfort in ...
Doran NJ (June 2014). "Experiencing Wellness Within Illness: Exploring a Mindfulness-Based Approach to Chronic Back Pain". ... "Quality of life in chronic pain is more associated with beliefs about pain, than with pain intensity". European Journal of Pain ... Modern pain management draws on these understandings in the biopsychosocial model of pain, which holds that pain is best ... Costa J, Pinto-Gouveia J (2011). "Acceptance of pain, self-compassion and psychopathology: using the chronic pain acceptance ...
... and presenting with chest and back pain. They had pseudoaneurysms or large aneurysms that caused pain. Asymptomatic chronic ... back pain; and hoarseness. Blood pressure is usually high in the upper body, but low in the lower body. A widened mediastinum ... Such measures include giving pain medication, keeping the patient calm, and avoiding procedures that could cause gagging or ... Symptoms are often unreliable, but include severe tearing chest pain; cough; dyspnea (shortness of breath); dysphagia ( ...
Masters, Megan (November 29, 2011). "TVLine Items: Molly Sims Crashes Royal Pains, JoAnna Garcia Back at ABC and More!". TV ... Royal Pains is a medical comedy-drama television series that premiered on USA Network on June 4, 2009. The series stars Mark ... Royal Pains was renewed for a third season of 16 to 18 episodes on September 27, 2010. The season has included two guest ... A Royal Pains two-hour movie aired on Sunday, December 16, 2012. In November 2014, the network renewed the series for seasons 7 ...
... back pain and chronic low back pain, or internal disc disruption. The Biostat intradiscal fibrin sealant underwent multiple ... "BACK PAIN: IDET procedure proven effective in randomized study". Health and Medicine Week: 4. October 21, 2002. Massey, Bob. " ... Weiss, Frances (May 8, 2012). "Chronic Back Pain? Spinal Fusion May be the Wrong Surgery". New Jersey Newsroom. Archived from ... Freeman, Karen (October 24, 2000). "For Back Pain Sufferers, a Technique Under Study May Offer Hope". New York Times. Retrieved ...
The pain is considered most painful during early flight and lessens as the flight progresses. Possible causes of back pain in ... Spinal disc herniation Wing, PC; Tsang, IK; Susak, L; Gagnon, F; Gagnon, R; Potts, JE (April 1991). "Back pain and spinal ... Hicks, GS; Duddleston, DN; Russell, LD; Holman, HE; Shepherd, JM; Brown, CA (2002). "Low Back Pain". The American Journal of ... Defining the cause of back pain and IVD injury due to spaceflight remains an open issue. Assumptions and presumptions ...
... low back pain; scoliosis; and incontinence. In adulthood, the signs and symptoms often include progressive sensory and motor ... This can lead to additional loss of movement, feeling or the onset of pain or autonomic symptoms. Cervical diastematomyelia can ...
Back in 1770, Steve steals Cook's flag and prevents Australia from being discovered, but Cook simply begins the creation of a ... Steve decides that comfort is the root of all weakness, so he designs a collection of fistworthy furniture (which offers pain ... He succeeds, but is attacked by a smaller tendril of the site, which takes a chunk of hair from the back of his head, leaving ... He steals the TimeSaw from Womp to go back to when he lost his hair fighting the rogue website; however, by saving his hair, he ...
A sympathetic Clara guides her through the pain, and Ana decides to hire her as a live-in housekeeper and future nanny. On her ... He returns home alone before he unconsciously transforms back but is seen by Dona Amélia, who discovers his secret and wants to ...
They report back to the licensed nurse about a patient's condition. Assistant nurses are always supervised by a dentist, ... and pain management nursing, after completion of their basic nursing licensing. As of July 2015, nearly 16,000 CNs were working ...
However, his failing strength and increasing discomfort and outright pain also bring out his bitterness in the knowledge that ... and eventually Miles helps James drown himself near the shore and brings his body back. Benedict Cumberbatch as James Tom Burke ... he plans to drown himself in the sea before pain takes his life over completely. He asks his friends to let him do so and tell ... out partly of premeditation and partly of spontaneous pain-induced anger, he seems to attempt to shake them out of mediocrity, ...
The negro staggered back a few steps, fell down, and died. I do not know that any notice was ever taken of it.: 87 "Rev. ... I know very well that slave-owners take a great deal of pains to make the people in the free States believe that the slaves are ... In a few days she came back, and was sent into the field to work. At this time the garment next her skin was stiff like a scab ... The original "remedy" for this problem was to help them go "back to Africa". The British had been doing this, in Sierra Leone, ...
His use of stealth and martial arts combined with a metahumanly high pain tolerance and the ability to predict his opponents' ... "The All-Queer Justice League Is Back to Make the Yuletide Gay". www.out.com. 2021-11-09. Retrieved 2022-09-04. (Articles with ...
One member of the parliament stated that "He was a cheerful and ambitious man, but always in pain. Even his opponents in the ... He was determined to eliminate the remnants of regulations dating back to the times of Tsar Nicholas II of Russia and Congress ... His decision was possibly influenced by the fact that he suffered from kidney and stomach problems and was constantly in pain. ...
Back at the dorsal surface of the brainstem, and more lateral are the special somatic afferents, this handles sensation such as ... temperature and pain) Inferior olivary nucleus afferent fibres to cerebellum Lennart Heimer, The Human Brain, ISBN 0-387-94227- ... In general, motor nuclei are closer to the front (ventral), and sensory nuclei and neurons are closer to the back (dorsal). ...
Next was another 1-0 win at home to Roma, followed by back-to-back four-goal victories over Dynamo Kyiv (4-2 in Ukraine and 4-0 ... Keith, Felix (21 February 2021). ""He didn't deserve it... no one does": The pain and regret behind Manchester United's 2008 ... centre-back Ricardo Carvalho overcame a recurring back injury to start in place of Alex. Captain John Terry (dislocated elbow) ... Chelsea almost equalised in the 33rd minute when Frank Lampard's cross was headed back into the goal area by Drogba. United's ...
After finishing college, Muñoz came back to be an assistant coach at Oklahoma State for two years, leading the team to an NCAA ... 3; will drop middleweight and light heavyweight divisions in 2009". Five Ounces of Pain. Retrieved 2015-01-27. Caplan, Sam ( ... On August 29, 2009 at UFC 102, Muñoz bounced back from his first defeat and answered the critics by winning a close split ... Jesse Holland (2014-06-12). "He's back! Mark Munoz inks four-fight UFC contract". mmamania.com. Jesse Holland (2014-12-11). " ...
No Pain For Cakes (Antilles, 1987) Voice of Chunk (Lagarto Productions, 1989) With Allen Lowe Jews in Hell (Spaceout, 2007) ... With Shemekia Copeland Never Going Back (Telarc, 2008) With Cibo Matto Viva! La Woman (Warner Bros., 1996) Super Relax (Warner ...
Symptoms of advanced cervical cancer may include: loss of appetite, weight loss, fatigue, pelvic pain, back pain, leg pain, ... Later symptoms may include abnormal vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain or pain during sexual intercourse. While bleeding after sex ... Also, moderate pain during sexual intercourse and vaginal discharge are symptoms of cervical cancer. In advanced disease, ... In November 2020, the World Health Organization, under backing from the World Health Assembly, set out a strategy to eliminate ...
Discovering that Keith's promises of backing a newspaper were empty, he worked as a typesetter in a printer's shop in what is ... "A Dissertation on Liberty and Necessity, Pleasure and Pain". Historycarper.com. Archived from the original on May 28, 2009. ... Their argument against slavery was backed by the Pennsylvania Abolitionist Society. In his later years, as Congress was forced ... ISBN 0-940450-29-1 "On Marriage." "Satires and Bagatelles." "A Dissertation on Liberty and Necessity, Pleasure and Pain." "Fart ...
As one record reached the end of the break, he cued a second record back to the beginning of the break, which allowed him to ... Gonzales, David (January 31, 2011). "Kool Herc Is in Pain, and Using It to Put Focus on Insurance". The New York Times. ... Venue owners were often nervous of unruly young crowds, however, and soon sent hip hop back to the clubs, community centres and ... After his younger sister, Cindy Campbell, became inspired to earn extra cash for back-to-school clothes, she decided to have ...
In January 1967, he re-entered the United Kingdom; at age 44, he was dependent on pethidine for back pain. The fraudulent ... Savundra was eventually placed in the prison hospital, where he became addicted to drugs to control persistent pain. Whilst he ...
Information on the 'Pain de Sucre' from visit and inscription on monument. Smith, Digby. The Napoleonic Wars Data Book. London ... and brought him back. For his part in the Hundred Days he was condemned to death by the royalists, but he escaped to the United ... His widow had an obelisk, known as the "Pain de Sucre" (Sugarloaf) due to its shape and frequent re-painting in white, erected ...
She was thrown over the handlebars and onto her head and then landed on her back, suffering massive and severe lower back ... dreamed of and accomplished flashed before my eyes as I laid there on the ground trying to understand why I was in such pain ... She came back only a few weeks after the accident, albeit she missed two World Cup events during her lay up. She suffered two ... Llanes said of her injury: "I went back to my foot specialist and he looked over the CT Scan,"she wrote. "It looks as though ...
Faced with immense pain, he committed suicide by jumping off a building. A 58-year-old male was found dead at home on May 1, ... On June 3, four neighborhoods in Jing'an and Pudong were put back into "closed" lockdown and designated as "mid-risk" due to ...
"He was always in pain. He couldn't be active and his weight was up to 300 pounds [140 kg] plus. The sad thing was watching him ... Originally recruited as a linebacker, he was quickly converted back to center, which is what he played in high school. ...
... backing vocals Additional personnel (disc two only) Michelle Cobb - backing vocals Dolette McDonald - backing vocals Tessa ... "King of Pain" in 1984. Live! contributed to refresh the popularity of The Police about a decade after their break-up, at a time ... According to Andy Summers, the idea of releasing an album of live material by The Police went back as far as 1982. Up until ... On this occasion the band was augmented by three backing vocalists. Both shows were widely known to fans as they had been ...
Long term complications with pain, feeling sick and lesser sleep quality than before the LAUP. In 2008, Labra, et al., from ... as a stand-alone procedure in the hope that the tissue which obstructs the patient's airway is localized in the back of the ...
In an issue of off our backs, a feminist news journal, a participant recounts her experience in the 3rd World Lesbian Writers ... Bethel's essay, ""The Infinity of Conscious Pain": Zora Neale Hurston and the Black Female Literary Tradition" appeared in the ... This infinity of conscious pain': Zora Neale Hurston and the Black Female Literary Tradition". In Hull, Gloria T., Smith, ... "Herstory in the Making." Off Our Backs Apr 30 1979: 20. ProQuest. Web. 22 May 2016 McDowell, Deborah E. Black American ...
"With Love, With Hate, With Grief, With Pain." EP released under Valentine Sound Productions 1994. Poetry styled album "The Over ... recordings were sent to be pressed in India and the records then sent back for sale. It was a centre of Malay popular culture ...
... www.legit.ng/entertainment/celebrities/1493272-pained-i-top-5-bbnaija-lockdown-neo-drags-critics-fire-back/ Royal, David (27 ...
He was wearing a Duragesic patch on his back when his body was found, said Champaign County Coroner Duane Northrup. At the time ... NME article: "Ex-Wilco guitarist died of a drug overdose, says coroner: Jay Bennett had been taking pain medication." ...
The dancer does not feel any pain from the fire because he is in a state of trance. Reog Fire dance Piring Fire dance Javanese ... In various literatures, the narrative of the early entry of Islam in South Sulawesi can be traced back to the 17th century AD, ...
Questlove was quoted as saying "There was too much going on that we couldn't just sit back and not speak on it." In accordance ... and pain into some of the most exhilarating and startling music released in 2006,... Game Theory is a heavy album, the Roots' ... This song's backing track is an extended version of J Dilla's "Time: The Donut of the Heart" from his third solo album Donuts. ... the album heavily references Public Enemy's highly-political It Takes a Nation of Millions to Hold Us Back on its lead track " ...
They then sent the track to Mark Lanegan, who recorded his vocals elsewhere, and sent it back to them. The assistant engineer ... She recorded a version with her singing it herself, but felt that she did not convey enough pain in her performance. While ...
No attempt is made to dazzle the viewer with technique and Poussin seems to have taken great pains to leave behind all trace of ... In the middle ground, a group of reapers form an extended frieze, while further back a group of five horses can be seen, ...
I expected pain, fear and hardship from war. I believe our job as soldiers is to endure that pain, fear and hardship so our ... I ran into John a few years back for the first time since the early 1970s when we both returned to Michigan from Vietnam. But ... Simonson, Scott (2008). "Back from war - A battle for benefits: Reforming VA's disability ratings system for veterans with post ...
Back pain can range in intensity from a dull, constant ache to a sudden, sharp or shooting pain. ... Back pain is one of most common reasons people see a doctor or miss days at work. ... What is back pain?. Back pain is one of most common reasons people see a doctor or miss days at work. Back pain can range in ... Chronic back pain is pain that continues for 12 weeks or longer, even after an initial injury or underlying cause of back pain ...
There are many types & causes of back pain. Discover the causes behind your back pain. ... Symptoms of Back Pain. Back pain can range from local pain in a specific spot to generalized pain spreading all over the back. ... Who Gets Back Pain?. Anyone can have back pain, and almost everyone will experience back pain at some point in their life. ... Types of Back Pain. Doctors and researchers describe the types of back pain in the following ways: *Acute back pain happens ...
Back Pain[majr:noexp] AND humans[mh] AND english[la] AND last 1 Year [edat] NOT (letter[pt] OR case reports[pt] OR editorial ... Evaluation of a multimodal pain therapy approach with relapse prophylaxis for back pain (MMS-RFP study): a study protocol for a ... Back pain: Detrimental Consequences of Monsoon on Health. Sadiq M, Dawani G, Masroor MM. Sadiq M, et al. J Pak Med Assoc. 2023 ... Fragility and Back Pain: Lessons From the Frontiers of Biopsychosocial Practice. Nicholls DA. Nicholls DA. Phys Ther. 2023 Jun ...
... two-thirds of those with mild or moderate chronic back pain reported being mostly or completely pain-free. ... This is pain that lasts for more than three months. The most common type of chronic pain is chronic back pain. ... Effect of pain reprocessing therapy vs placebo and usual care for patients with chronic back pain: A randomized clinical trial. ... Participants had mild to moderate chronic back pain for which no physical cause could be found. The volunteers received one of ...
Back pain: Detrimental Consequences of Monsoon on Health ... Low back pain-referred pain from deep somatic structure of the ... Back pain: Detrimental Consequences of Monsoon on Health Muhammad Sadiq 1 , Gautam Dawani 1 , Muhammad Moiz Masroor 1 ... Back pain: Detrimental Consequences of Monsoon on Health Muhammad Sadiq et al. J Pak Med Assoc. 2023 May. ... Low back pain. LARSON CB. LARSON CB. Dis Mon. 1957 May:1-34. doi: 10.1016/s0011-5029(57)80001-7. Dis Mon. 1957. PMID: 13427431 ...
Low-back pain is a very common problem. Some complementary health approaches may help people manage it. ... Low-back pain is a very common problem in the United States and around the world. About 80 percent of adults have low-back pain ... Spinal manipulation may lead to small improvements in both pain and function in people with chronic low-back pain. Function ... Theres evidence that progressive muscle relaxation can lead to moderate improvements in low-back pain and back function. ...
... is very common. Treatment varies from medicines to surgery depending on the cause and kind of pain. ... Lumbago is pain on the lower part of your back. ... Back pain - returning to work. *Back pain - when you see the ... Back pain can range from a dull, constant ache to a sudden, sharp pain. Acute back pain comes on suddenly and usually lasts ... Back pain and sports (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish * Chiropractic care for back pain (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in ...
... is very common. Treatment varies from medicines to surgery depending on the cause and kind of pain. ... Lumbago is pain on the lower part of your back. ... Back pain - returning to work. *Back pain - when you see the ... Back pain can range from a dull, constant ache to a sudden, sharp pain. Acute back pain comes on suddenly and usually lasts ... Back pain and sports (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish * Chiropractic care for back pain (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in ...
Low Back Pain / Tagalog Copyright © 2018 Hospital Authority. All rights reserved 1 Pananakit ng Mababang Parte ng Likod ... Low-Back-Pain_Tagalog.pdf. *Low Back Pain / Tagalog Copyright © 2018 Hospital Authority. All rights reserved 1 Pananakit ng ... Low Back Pain / Tagalog Copyright © 2018 Hospital Authority. All rights reserved 14 oras na para alamin mo pa ang tungkol sa ... Low Back Pain / Tagalog Copyright © 2018 Hospital Authority. All rights reserved 7 4. Ano-ano ang mga sanhi ng Pananakit ng ...
Weigh in on Dr Charles Vegas management of a middle-aged man with lower back pain. ... Cite this: Low Back Pain: What Works? What Doesnt? - Medscape - Sep 30, 2021. ... news Artificial IntelligenceGives Paralyzed WomanHer Voice Back * 2001/viewarticle/innovations-pediatric-chronic-pain- ... Artificial IntelligenceGives Paralyzed WomanHer Voice Back news * 2001/viewarticle/innovations-pediatric-chronic-pain- ...
PRAMS Opioid Call-back Survey to learn about prescription opioid pain reliever use and treatment postpartum, as well as infant ... Prescription Pain Reliever (Opioid) Supplement and Call-Back Survey. ... The Opioid Call-back Survey had a total of 58 questions, took approximately 35 minutes to complete, and assesses opioid misuse ... The Call-back survey was implemented in 7 PRAMS sites with high rates of opioid-related overdoses. ...
7 Steps to a Pain-Free Life: How to Rapidly Relieve Back and Neck Pain In 7 Steps to a Pain-Free Life, its founder, world- ... Get Your Low Back on Track! This 30-Day holistic wellness program is just what you need to heal your lower back pain and ... Viniyoga Therapy for the Upper Back, Neck and Shoulders Whether you endure back pain or not, these are some of the best yoga ... Overcoming Back and Neck Pain: A Proven Program for Recovery and Prevention Readers will find they can attain substantial or ...
... - magnesium salicylate/acetaminophen/caffeine tablet, film coated Unifirst First Aid Corporation. ... feel faint • vomit blood • have bloody or black stools • have stomach pain that does not get better ... if you ever have had an allergic reaction to any other pain relievers/ fever reducers ...
... coughing can cause or exacerbate lower back pain. In this article, learn about the causes and treatment of this symptom and ... Lower back pain is a fairly common symptom. Coughing may worsen existing lower back pain for some people, whereas for others, ... making lower back pain worse.. In this article, we cover some of the possible causes of lower back pain when coughing, as well ... In this article, we look at common causes of lower back and hip pain. We also discuss ways to relieve pain and when to see a ...
chronic back pain Learning from old bones to treat modern back pain. ScienceBlog.com ... bones of people who died up to a hundred years ago are being used in the development of new treatments for chronic back pain. ...
Research Program addresses the need for effective and personalized therapies for chronic low back pain. ... Back Pain Consortium Research Program Overview. The Research Need. Chronic low back pain is one of the most common forms of ... back pain and 28 percent experienced low back pain that lasted one or more days during the previous three months. Current ... the brain of lower back pain patients to determine if HDAC is a biomarker capable of differentiating subtypes of low back pain ...
... is very common. Treatment varies from medicines to surgery depending on the cause and kind of pain. ... Lumbago is pain on the lower part of your back. ... Back pain - returning to work. *Back pain - when you see the ... Back pain can range from a dull, constant ache to a sudden, sharp pain. Acute back pain comes on suddenly and usually lasts ... Back pain and sports (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish * Chiropractic care for back pain (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in ...
There is moderate quality evidence that post-treatment exercise programmes can prevent recurrences of back pain but conflicting ... Objectives: To investigate the effectiveness of exercises for preventing new episodes of low-back pain or low-back pain- ... Background: Back pain is a common disorder that has a tendency to recur. It is unclear if exercises, either as part of ... Exercises for prevention of recurrences of low-back pain Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010 Jan 20;2010(1):CD006555. doi: 10.1002 ...
"I suffer from severe back pain. I also have to sit for several hours at work. I was hoping for a little relief from pain while ... Whether youre still working from home or have returned to the office, your back may be feeling the pain from your less-than- ... Banish back pain and encourage proper posture with this smart seat - its on sale!. ... Do yourself a favor and make this simple change to your seating setup and feel instant relief in your back and body. ...
Back Pain Exercise Program Fitness Tips Fitness Advice Workout Gain Muscle Fast With the Ultimate Guide to German Volume ... Next, arch your back in the opposite direction, contracting your abs and pushing your lower back toward the ceiling while ... More stretches on all fours to help relieve your back pain... Next Page ... Lie on your back with your arms stretched out to your sides. Bring your right knee up toward you so that your thigh forms a 90 ...
... nonspecific low back pain (the vast majority), back pain potentially associated with radiculopathy or spinal stenosis, or back ... Page navigation anchor for Prognosis in people with Back Pain, CMAJ Aug 7, 2012 184(11). Prognosis in people with Back Pain, ... Prognosis in people with Back Pain, CMAJ Aug 7, 2012 184(11). Re:Prognosis in people with Back Pain, CMAJ Aug 7, 2012 184(11) ... Prognosis in people with back pain. Rachelle Buchbinder and Martin Underwood. CMAJ August 07, 2012 184 (11) 1229-1230; DOI: ...
Back Surgery. Surgery for back pain is very common and more often than not, the individual still has pain afterwards (or it ... Check out our "Lose the Back Pain" video now… it will show you how to identify the cause of your back pain and the show you the ... complementary or alternative treatments for back pain. Remember there is rarely only one reason for your back pain and almost ... Massage therapy, if done correctly can work wonders for people with back pain. This is not to say that it is the best choice ...
Cite this: FDA Panels Back Abuse-Deterrent Arymo ER for Severe Pain - Medscape - Aug 05, 2016. ... The full indication would be "for the management of pain severe enough to require daily, around-the-clock, long-term opioid ... HIV and Opioid Use Disorder: Screening Tools, Chronic Pain Management, and Access to Care in the Outpatient Setting ... During the panel meeting earlier, he stated that "Were not advocating for just another morphine pain medication. Rather, we ...
It is currently difficult to determine the cause of the back pain, but one doctor suggested it could be related to inflammatory ... Patients specifically experienced lower back pain and myalgia, or pain in a muscle or group of muscles, according to the doctor ... Omicron Symptoms Explained: Heres Why Youre Suffering Severe Back Pain. By Dane Enerio 01/14/22 AT 7:40 AM EST. ... While back pain has always been a common symptom of viral diseases, there has been a surge of its appearance in omicron ...
... back pain, and sciatica are hard to deal with, especially when shooting pain radiates into your arms and through your legs. If ... youre feeling uncomfortable and want some relief, try alleviating your pain and improving your... ... Neck pain, back pain, and sciatica are hard to deal with, especially when shooting pain radiates into your arms and through ... Bend your head back as far as you can go without pain. Start by looking straight ahead in front of you. Push your chin in and ...
In spite of regular exercise, a healthy diet plan, and a proper lifestyle, you may experience chronic back pain if you are ... However, its relation to musculoskeletal conditions like that of back pain is rarely understood. ... Smoking, a pain in the back. Smoking, a pain in the back. Smokers are thrice more prone to chronic back pain, Dr Neha Narula ... not everyone is aware of the fact that smoking can also cause lower back pain or could further worsen an existing back ...
... back pain during pregnancy can impact your daily lifestyle, cause missed time from work, and make delivery more difficult. Such ... pregnancy pain is serious and shouldnt be avoided. ... Pregnancy & Back Pain Topics *Pregnancy & Back Pain. *Back Pain ... When Back Pain Is an Early Sign of Pregnancy. Since only a fraction of women develop back pain during the very early stages of ... Preventing and Managing Back Pain During Pregnancy. Expect Fitness; 2004. While in most cases back pain is self-limiting, ...
Michael Jackson was treated at an emergency room for "excruciating" back pain, a day before jurors in his molestation case were ... Jackson treated for excruciating back pain. Singer waiting at Neverland as jury resumes deliberations ... "The physical pain is real. Theres also a sense that he feels betrayed by those that he trusted and was betrayed before a jury ... "Other than his back, he is doing fine.". Although Jackson wasnt seen leaving the hospital Sunday, it was believed he departed ...
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Low back pain & Chiropractic Care Low back pain is a huge problem in our society. In fact one-half of all working Americans ... That may explain why so many men continue to suffer with back pain, neck pain, shoulder pain etc without seeking treatment. But ... Lower back pain affects 80 percent of Americans. It is the most common reason for missed work and the overuse of pain meds. Why ... admit to having back pain symptoms each year. Back pain can be devastating and has an affect on just about every aspect of ...
  • Spinal cord - long bundle of nerves that run down the back through a canal in the vertebrae. (nih.gov)
  • Spinal manipulation may lead to small improvements in both pain and function in people with chronic low-back pain. (nih.gov)
  • This position can put stress on the lower back and may displace the vertebrae, or spinal bones, making lower back pain worse. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Spinal stenosis can also cause numbness or cramping pain in the lower back and legs. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • To reduce the effects of spinal stenosis, a person can try exercising to build up the muscles in the back to help support and strengthen it. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • These changes result in increased stress and strain on the spinal and pelvic joints in the lower back and hips. (spine-health.com)
  • 5 Yoo H, Shin D, Song C. Changes in the spinal curvature, degree of pain, balance ability, and gait ability according to pregnancy period in pregnant and nonpregnant women. (spine-health.com)
  • doi:10.4314/mmj.v31i1.12 Pregnancy-related symptoms and signs affecting the lower back typically result in reduced overall function and include (but are not limited to) 5 Yoo H, Shin D, Song C. Changes in the spinal curvature, degree of pain, balance ability, and gait ability according to pregnancy period in pregnant and nonpregnant women. (spine-health.com)
  • Injuries to the spine, paralysis due to disk disease, infections of the spinal column and cancer in or around the spinal column may require surgery in order to correct the problem and alleviate the pain. (vetinfo.com)
  • In one case study on a 27-year-old female patient, a combination of spinal manipulation, TENS, and heat was used to reduce dysmenorrhea pain. (healthline.com)
  • Chiropractors diagnose and treat common spinal misalignments that can occur from lifestyle or injuries causing pain, discomfort and degenerative conditions. (wellness.com)
  • You see, many cases of both upper and lower back pain are caused by compression of the spinal cord. (losethebackpain.com)
  • When that type of spinal injury or damage happens, it's likely you're looking at a life of chronic pain unless you do something about it. (losethebackpain.com)
  • It is scientifically explained that acupuncture needle points stimulate the nervous system releasing chemicals to the muscles of the spinal cord and brain resulting in pain relief for the back. (articlebiz.com)
  • An article in the European Spine Journal reported that people with severe sciatica were more likely to have disk herniation if their leg pain became worse when coughing. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Sciatica is pain that results from the irritation or compression of the sciatic nerve. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • In fact, researchers at England's Newcastle Hospital looked at two groups of sciatica patients who were scheduled for lumbar (lower back) disc surgery. (losethebackpain.com)
  • Sometimes the low back pain that radiates down into the buttocks and legs is confused with sciatica. (pregnancy-info.net)
  • If you have sciatica the leg pain will probably be worse than the back pain, radiating down below the knee and into the foot. (pregnancy-info.net)
  • For example, if a patient has significant leg pain or sciatica type symptoms, you would not advise them to use weights initially, but you might get them to do specific exercises that help to ease the nerve pain and decrease muscle spasm. (irishtimes.com)
  • The pain can vary from intermittently minor discomfort, to chronic and debilitating. (spine-health.com)
  • Once a veterinarian has diagnosed the back problem, following their recommendations is key to treating the discomfort and pain the dog may be feeling. (vetinfo.com)
  • It may be that you are not directly able to pinpoint or verbally specify where your back pain or discomfort originates. (lifehack.org)
  • Be mindful of how new your injury or pain discomfort seems to be. (lifehack.org)
  • Directly focusing on lower back muscles and connections in the body is essential for proper recovery from pain, injury, or general discomfort. (lifehack.org)
  • In pregnancy, kidney pain can generate low back pain that manifests as tenderness and discomfort in the lower back and around the abdomen. (pregnancy-info.net)
  • If you have a UTI, your symptoms will include discomfort while urinating, blood in the urine, excessive urination, pain in the region of the bladder, cramping and pain in the lower abdomen and pain during intercourse. (pregnancy-info.net)
  • Pregnancy discomfort consisting of pelvic and lower back pain are also treated effectively with acupuncture. (articlebiz.com)
  • doi:10.1007/s12178-008-9021-8 some women may continue to be affected by pain in the lumbar and/or pelvic region for several months or years. (spine-health.com)
  • 4 Bergström C, Persson M, Nergård KA, Mogren I. Prevalence and predictors of persistent pelvic girdle pain 12 years postpartum. (spine-health.com)
  • See a physical therapist or participate in a low back and pelvic pain shared medical appointment (SMA). (clevelandclinic.org)
  • Lumbar pain is in the lumbar vertebrae region of your lower back and posterior pelvic pain is experienced at the back of your pelvis. (pregnancy-info.net)
  • Posterior pelvic pain is the type of pain symptoms most pregnant women feel in their low back. (pregnancy-info.net)
  • Women who have posterior pelvic pain often have pain over the pubic bone as well. (pregnancy-info.net)
  • Studies have shown that acupuncture is more effective than either no treatment or sham (fake) acupuncture for back or neck pain. (nih.gov)
  • Back & Neck Pain Center is a Chiropractor facility at 7 Junction Dr in Glen Carbon, IL. (wellness.com)
  • Services Back & Neck Pain Center practices at 7 Junction Dr, Glen Carbon, IL 62034. (wellness.com)
  • To learn more, or to make an appointment with Back & Neck Pain Center in Glen Carbon, IL, please call (618) 509-5680 for more information. (wellness.com)
  • That's beginning to change, as hundreds of thousands of people around the world have found long-term relief from back pain, neck pain and other chronic pain issues by practicing this ancient technique. (losethebackpain.com)
  • One of the more common causes of low back pain and neck pain in pregnancy is the change in the center of gravity that comes as a result of the growing baby. (pregnancy-info.net)
  • As the body tries to balance and adjust to the constantly changing dynamics, stress and strain on the joints and ligaments contribute to pain in the low back and neck pain. (pregnancy-info.net)
  • Additionally, with inversion, gravity helps the lymphatic system clear faster, easing the aches and pains of stiff muscles. (losethebackpain.com)
  • Neck aches and back aches seem to have become the order of the day, particularly for city folks. (yogawiz.com)
  • Sedentary lifestyles at work, but hectic schedules and long working hours, wrong sitting postures or just stress often results in chronic neck and back aches. (yogawiz.com)
  • Daily stresses accrued to the body through lack of exercise trauma and poor diet weaken the immune system leaving one susceptible to illnesses and bodily pains and aches. (articlebiz.com)
  • The Back Pain Consortium (BACPAC) Research Program is a translational, patient-centered effort to address the need for effective and personalized therapies for chronic low back pain (cLBP). (nih.gov)
  • Here, we provide a critical review of the literature that highlights the intersection in brain networks between chronic low back pain (CLBP) and depression and discuss findings from previous deep brain stimulation (DBS) studies for pain. (nih.gov)
  • Based on a multidimensional model of pain processing and the connectivity of the subgenual cingulate cortex (SCC) with areas that are implicated in both CLBP and depression, we propose a novel approach to the treatment of CLBP using DBS of the SCC. (nih.gov)
  • Whereas target sites from previous DBS trials for pain were not anatomically positioned to engage these areas and their associated networks, the SCC is structurally connected to all of these regions as well as others involved in mediating sensory, cognitive, and affective processing in CLBP. (nih.gov)
  • Current best practices for diagnosing and treating chronic low-back pain (cLBP) have yielded only limited success. (nih.gov)
  • The NIH Pain Consortium's charge to this group included developing a set of standards to increase the consistency of future clinical research on cLBP. (nih.gov)
  • doi:10.1186/s12891-017-1760-5 In general, women who receive postural and activity-related counseling during pregnancy are less likely to develop severe back pain symptoms. (spine-health.com)
  • While pregnant women who lead a sedentary lifestyle may be at a higher risk of developing back pain, engaging in heavy physical labor or being active through the day may also lead to back pain symptoms in pregnancy. (spine-health.com)
  • It is generally accepted that the following factors warrant immediate evaluation: patient age younger than five years, symptoms persisting beyond four weeks, systemic symptoms, nighttime pain, bowel incontinence/urinary retention, or other neurologic symptoms. (aafp.org)
  • The difference between the pain from a UTI and that of a kidney infection lies in the degree of pain (which is severe with a kidney infection), along with accompanying symptoms of fever, vomiting, chills, increased urination, pain while urinating and blood in the urine. (pregnancy-info.net)
  • This publication provides an overview of low back pain, including common symptoms, diagnosis, and available therapies. (nih.gov)
  • 5 Table 2 and Table 3 present suggested approaches for the evaluation and management of common causes of acute and chronic back pain. (aafp.org)
  • In that show he spends weeks with a family so he can get to the bottom of their health issues, whether it is unexplained weight problems, severe headaches or back pain. (irishtimes.com)
  • This is pain that lasts for more than three months. (nih.gov)
  • Back pain is called chronic if it lasts for more than three months. (nih.gov)
  • As part of the BACPAC initiative, we will enroll patients with chronic low back pain in a clinical trial and follow them longitudinally as they try different evidence-based therapies as they might in routine clinical care. (nih.gov)
  • Describe key considerations in assessing cost-effectiveness of complementary, alternative, or integrative therapies for low back pain. (nih.gov)
  • Medication, complementary therapies, and surgery are the most common treatments for severe lower back pain during your period. (healthline.com)
  • Intracept Procedure may be an option for those suffering from low back pain and have had no success with traditional therapies. (wkyc.com)
  • Despite converging basic scientific and clinical evidence of the link between chronic pain and depression, existing therapies do not often take advantage of this overlap. (nih.gov)
  • PRAMS Opioid Supplement to collect information on prescription opioid pain reliever use during pregnancy. (cdc.gov)
  • Jurisdictions Participating in the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS), Opioid Supplement and Opioid Call-back Survey, 2019. (cdc.gov)
  • A range of natural biological changes take place in a woman's body during pregnancy, which directly affects the musculoskeletal system and may become a potential cause of back pain and related issues, such as leg pain. (spine-health.com)
  • Back pain may develop as early as the first trimester and typically increases as pregnancy continues. (spine-health.com)
  • 2 Silva AM. Preventing and Managing Back Pain During Pregnancy. (spine-health.com)
  • Pregnancy and low back pain. (spine-health.com)
  • This article describes the causes and types of pregnancy-related lower back pain in detail, including insights on treatment options and the occurrence of back pain after birth. (spine-health.com)
  • While it can occur at any time during pregnancy, back pain is usually most troublesome during the second and third trimesters. (spine-health.com)
  • Impact of pregnancy on back pain and body posture in women. (spine-health.com)
  • Low back pain during pregnancy: Prevalence, risk factors and association with daily activities among pregnant women in urban Blantyre, Malawi. (spine-health.com)
  • Round ligament pain is considered a normal part of pregnancy. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • Pregnancy does not cause herniation, although a herniation may increase the susceptibility to back pain during pregnancy and birth. (pregnancy-info.net)
  • Kidney pain in pregnancy can be caused by a urinary tract infection, which is the cause of right kidney pain. (pregnancy-info.net)
  • Studies have shown that about 25% of pregnant women seek medical attention for lower back pain related to pregnancy. (articlebiz.com)
  • The basic treatment given that may include physical therapy has proved to be effective in relieving lower back pain during pregnancy and after delivery. (articlebiz.com)
  • Stiffness in the morning when awakening and lessened back pain with activity. (nih.gov)
  • A person may also experience back stiffness, muscle spasms, or muscle tenderness. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Spondyloarthropathies such as ankylosing spondylitis may present with low back pain and stiffness, which are often worse in the morning. (aafp.org)
  • Patients with spondyloarthropathy may have back stiffness in the morning or a family history of rheumatologic disorders. (aafp.org)
  • Fitness level: Back pain is more common among people who are not physically fit, as their muscles may not properly support the spine. (nih.gov)
  • Genetics: Some causes of back pain, such as ankylosing spondylitis (a form of arthritis that affects the spine), have a genetic component. (nih.gov)
  • Job-related factors: Job that requires heavy lifting, pushing or pulling, or twisting or vibrating the spine can injure your back, as can sitting at a desk all day, especially if you have poor posture or sit in a chair with not enough back support. (nih.gov)
  • For example, weak back and stomach muscles may not properly support the spine (core strength). (nih.gov)
  • The Biomarkers for Evaluating Spine Treatments (BEST) clinical trial, part of the BACPAC Research program, aims to find links between a broad range of personal traits, known as biomarkers, and the effectiveness of four existing, proven treatments for chronic lower back pain - which can help doctors make better, more personalized treatment recommendations in the future. (nih.gov)
  • The lumbar spine (lower back) and sacroiliac joints are most commonly affected due to changes in posture, joint stability, body weight, and shape. (spine-health.com)
  • This shift increases the curve of the lower spine and causes a slight backward tilt of the sacrum (part of the spine that connects the lower back to the hip). (spine-health.com)
  • With the latter, back pain is caused by changes in the small joints of the spine. (ottobock.com)
  • Straighten your spine all the way through the tailbone, and keep those shoulders back. (pnmag.com)
  • This pain is an all-over pain, felt in the low back and spine, a little above the waist with pain that can radiate down your legs. (pregnancy-info.net)
  • Back problems can be as simple as muscle spasms from a particularly energetic day of play on up to intervertebral disk disease which can be caused by genetics or external sources. (vetinfo.com)
  • These drugs may include anti-inflammatory agents to relieve any swelling or inflammation in the back, antibiotics if the back pain is caused by infection, muscle-relaxers to alleviate muscle spasms or, in some cases, chemotherapeutic agents. (vetinfo.com)
  • Because of its success in reducing the occurrence of joint-related injuries, back muscle pain, muscle spasms and compression injuries, inversion is now being considered for inclusion in every recruit's physical training regimen. (losethebackpain.com)
  • Consult a physician for a list of low-impact, age-appropriate exercises that are specifically targeted to strengthening lower back and abdominal muscles. (nih.gov)
  • Resting for too long can cause the muscles in the back to tighten, which may worsen the pain . (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Yet, working to develop and maintain the muscles in your lower back can help make your favorite weekend activities more enjoyable. (lifehack.org)
  • [1] Your body may need a few gentle reminders each week to help get your muscles and joints back into pain-free cooperation with one another. (lifehack.org)
  • Working with your lower back muscles can help your body be better equipped to handle the unexpected. (lifehack.org)
  • Backaches are usually caused by the strain put on the back muscles, changing hormone levels and changes in your posture. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • Perform exercises, as advised by your healthcare provider, to make your back muscles stronger and to help relieve the soreness. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • The procedure relaxes the body muscles relieving lower back pain while stimulating the body to heal itself. (articlebiz.com)
  • Sometimes the pain radiates away from the back to other areas of your body, such as the buttocks, legs, or abdomen. (nih.gov)
  • Pain that radiates away from the back into the buttocks, leg, or hip. (nih.gov)
  • With projected enrolment of nearly 800 patients, BEST will be the largest federally funded clinical trial of interventions to treat chronic low back pain. (medscape.com)
  • This 1-day workshop will identify clinical research questions related to nonpharmacologic interventions to treat back pain. (nih.gov)
  • I don't feel opioids should ever be used to treat chronic low back pain. (medscape.com)
  • The few long-term studies that have been performed using opioids for longer than 3 months suggest that they often make pain worse rather than just failing to make pain better - and we know they are associated with a significantly increased all-cause mortality with increased deaths from myocardial infarction , accidents, and suicides, in addition to overdose. (medscape.com)
  • People get more accustomed to managing acute pain, where opioids are a reasonable option. (medscape.com)
  • It's just that when you start managing subacute or chronic pain, opioids don't work as well. (medscape.com)
  • Current chronic low back pain treatment options are ineffective, which has led to an increased use of opioids. (nih.gov)
  • Other studies have found that opioids help only slightly with acute back pain and are worthless for treating chronic back pain. (npr.org)
  • About 43 percent of patients taking opioids for chronic back pain also had other substance abuse disorders, the researchers found. (npr.org)
  • Primary care physicians need a lot of help in demystifying the diagnosis and treatment of any kind of pain, but back pain is a really good place to start. (medscape.com)
  • Below are some of the most common causes of back pain when coughing. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Common causes of back pain are damage due to excessive strain or a combination of mechanical damage (for example, pinching of a nerve) and degenerative damage (signs of wear) along with psychosomatic factors. (ottobock.com)
  • Banish back pain and encourage proper posture with this smart seat - it's on sale! (yahoo.com)
  • The portable, padded perch encourages proper posture (say that 10 times fast) by elevating your tush off of the seat to prevent back and shoulder fatigue (A.K.A. slouching). (yahoo.com)
  • Many pregnant women develop drooping, pain-incurring posture as their bellies take the lead. (pnmag.com)
  • Occupational and physical therapists are at risk of musculoskeletal pain and injuries possibly due to their work-related activities, posture and affected body mechanics. (who.int)
  • The HEAL-supported Back Pain Consortium (BACPAC ) is creating a whole-system model for comprehensive testing of everything that contributes to chronic low back pain, from anxiety to tissue damage. (nih.gov)
  • Back pain affects over 50% of pregnant women. (spine-health.com)
  • The experts tell us that there are two basic types of low back pain pregnant women experience. (pregnancy-info.net)
  • But when researchers at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston looked at records of 23,918 doctor visits for simple back pain between 1999 and 2010, they found that doctors have actually been getting worse at prescribing scientifically based treatments. (npr.org)
  • He was always in pain, which added to the stress of the GP's work, but worse still he had to give up playing competitive squash. (irishtimes.com)
  • A recent patient was helped by working on movement, doing tai chi to de-stress and taking vitamin D. "As it was for me too, stress was not the cause of pain, but it can make it worse," he says. (irishtimes.com)
  • These differences in surgical rates were not felt to be due to underlying differences in the prevalence of low back pain. (nih.gov)
  • Rehabilitation professionals experienced 73.7% 1-year lower back pain prevalence, 52.5% intense pain that lasted ≥ 1 day, 22.4% chronic lower back pain, 23.9% sick-leave-seeking lower back pain and 18.5% medical-care-seeking lower back pain. (who.int)
  • Prevalence of lower back pain was high among rehabilitation professionals, with a high impact on activities of daily living. (who.int)
  • Severe back pain that does not improve with medication (see Treatment section). (nih.gov)
  • Researchers have developed a treatment called pain reprocessing therapy (PRT) to help the brain "unlearn" this kind of pain. (nih.gov)
  • A clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians (the professional organization for doctors who practice internal medicine) encourages the use of nondrug approaches as initial treatment for chronic low-back pain. (nih.gov)
  • Treatment for back pain depends on what kind of pain you have, and what is causing it. (nih.gov)
  • PRAMS Opioid Call-back Survey to learn about prescription opioid pain reliever use and treatment postpartum, as well as infant health from PRAMS survey respondents 9-10 months after a live birth. (cdc.gov)
  • In this article, we cover some of the possible causes of lower back pain when coughing, as well as treatment options and when to see a doctor. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • After two weeks, about 80 per cent of all cases have largely recovered due to appropriate treatment with pain therapy, orthopaedic technology devices such as back orthoses/supports and physiotherapy. (ottobock.com)
  • Whatever the cause, appropriate treatment is important to help return the dog to a pain-free quality of life. (vetinfo.com)
  • Doctors should be cut a little slack, a journal commentary accompanying this study says, because guidelines have been conflicted on back pain treatment until recently, and it takes 17 years, on average, for new treatment standards to be widely adopted. (npr.org)
  • First of all, back pain experts typically recommend a well balanced treatment approach. (losethebackpain.com)
  • Despite being an effective treatment for back pain for more than 2,000 years, inversion therapy has long been considered an alternative treatment … one that's largely been ignored by the mainstream healthcare community. (losethebackpain.com)
  • The procedure is performed by specially trained practitioners either as stand alone form of treatment or in combination with other methods of treating lower back pain. (articlebiz.com)
  • This treatment is related to lower back pain control while it has broader medical applications that can be explained in clearer details by an acupuncture practitioner. (articlebiz.com)
  • A predictive tool used during a health visit personalizes treatment for back pain. (nih.gov)
  • Refining this whole-system model, which is nearing completion, includes finding computer-friendly ways to describe the relationship between the different elements of pain and treatment. (nih.gov)
  • In one study , researchers found that women with higher inflammatory markers during their period were more likely to experience abdominal cramping and back pain. (healthline.com)
  • If you chronically have poor sleep, depression, or anxiety, back pain can be more frequent and more severe. (nih.gov)
  • Chronic pain, and back pain in particular, is among the most frequent concerns for patients in the primary care setting. (medscape.com)
  • National Health Interview Survey data indicate that 20 percent of adults in the United States reported "frequent" back pain and 28 percent experienced low back pain that lasted one or more days during the previous three months. (nih.gov)
  • For some people, severe lower back pain is a frequent symptom. (healthline.com)
  • Back pain is the most frequent cause of activity limitation in people below 45 years and is a common reason for visiting a health care provider. (nih.gov)
  • I was hoping for a little relief from pain while using this. (yahoo.com)
  • Do yourself a favor and make this simple change to your seating setup and feel instant relief in your back and body. (yahoo.com)
  • The misery of low back pain often drives people to the doctor to seek relief. (npr.org)
  • I got some relief from acupuncture but also heavily ramped up my pain meds and was frequently using the morphine for "breakthrough" pain on top of the pain patches. (alexking.org)
  • Kiss your pain goodbye when you sign up to receive our free, LIVE PAIN FREE email newsletter, which is always full of the latest and most powerful, pain relieving information from the world's leading pain relief experts. (losethebackpain.com)
  • But inversion therapy does more than just provide pain relief. (losethebackpain.com)
  • Inversion therapy can provide pain relief for the aforementioned reasons. (losethebackpain.com)
  • While pain relief is probably your main reason for researching inversion therapy, you should know there are other positive health benefits. (losethebackpain.com)
  • I got short-term relief at best before the pain came back. (irishtimes.com)
  • But for most of us, the pain is non-specific, so relief may be found. (irishtimes.com)
  • Acupuncture is a form of Chinese medicine that encourages natural lower back pain relief while healing and improving body functions. (articlebiz.com)
  • This procedure is widely used today in the west as a solution for pain relief for the back. (articlebiz.com)
  • When one is looking for pain relief for the back, then they may consider acupuncture which has a track record running over 2000 years. (articlebiz.com)
  • Acupuncture is a great alternative to conventional treatments for pain relief for the back and has very limited risks to it. (articlebiz.com)
  • Sharp, shooting pains on either side of your stomach might result from the stretching tissues supporting your growing uterus. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • The pain may originate in the mid and/or lower back area and typically includes the pelvis and hips. (spine-health.com)
  • Each year, about 2% of the work force have back injuries covered by workman's compensation. (nih.gov)
  • Effect of pain reprocessing therapy vs placebo and usual care for patients with chronic back pain: A randomized clinical trial. (nih.gov)
  • The bones of people who died up to a hundred years ago are being used in the development of new treatments for chronic back pain. (scienceblog.com)
  • Medscape Medical News spoke with Clauw - a professor of anesthesiology, internal medicine, and psychiatry - about the ongoing trial, and the state of research into chronic pain generally. (medscape.com)
  • Rapid Review Quiz: Back Pain - Medscape - Aug 11, 2022. (medscape.com)
  • To relieve the pain of disk herniation, a person can try resting the back, taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs ), and applying a cloth-covered ice pack for 10 minutes several times per day. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • For more severe cases of back pain, the dog may have to be crated to avoid moving, and may even need to be carried outdoors to relieve himself in order to avoid additional injury to his back. (vetinfo.com)
  • If you have a sudden pain in your abdomen, bend forward to the point of pain to relieve tension and relax the tissue. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • Age: The first attack of low back pain typically occurs between the ages of 30 and 50 and may become more common as you age. (nih.gov)
  • Typically, 25% or fewer of low back cases are responsible for 75% or more of the cost. (nih.gov)
  • Acute back pain happens suddenly and usually lasts a few days to a few weeks. (nih.gov)
  • Back pain can range in intensity from a dull, constant ache to a sudden, sharp or shooting pain. (nih.gov)
  • The intensity of back pain varies for each person. (nih.gov)
  • Tai chi, alone or in addition to physical therapy, may decrease the intensity of pain and improve function in people with low-back pain. (nih.gov)
  • Describe the overall results of randomized trials of chiropractic manipulation, acupuncture, and massage for low back pain. (nih.gov)
  • Acupuncture helps in improving blood circulation removing blockages to the affected areas that are functioning insufficiently and easing lower back pain. (articlebiz.com)
  • Most common during the second trimester, this is sharp pain that's in the abdomen or hip area. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • Regular tightening or pain in your back or lower abdomen. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • Seven states with a high rate of opioid-related overdose deaths participating in the Opioid Supplement implemented the Opioid Call-back Survey from October 2019 to April 2020. (cdc.gov)
  • Data from the opioid supplement or call-back survey will be available with the release of the 2019 PRAMS data. (cdc.gov)
  • More than 25 million people in the U.S. live with chronic pain. (nih.gov)
  • Half of American adults live with chronic back pain, a major contributor to opioid use. (nih.gov)
  • Roughly 8% of adults in the United States say they suffer from chronic low back pain, and many of them say the pain is significant enough to impair their ability to move, work, and otherwise enjoy life. (medscape.com)
  • With the release of relaxin into the body to encourage the loosening of ligaments and bones, the back and neck suffer the consequences of instability as your body prepares for labor and birth. (pregnancy-info.net)
  • This is a fear shared by many, given that about 80 per cent of Irish people, including myself, suffer from back problems at some time in their lives. (irishtimes.com)
  • What has the opioid debacle-cum-tragedy taught you about pain management, particular as regards people with chronic pain? (medscape.com)
  • There's a big disconnect between how people are trained, and then when they go out and are seeing a tremendous number of people with chronic pain. (medscape.com)
  • Sometimes, a herniated disk presses on the nerve roots that make up the sciatic nerve in the lower back and legs. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • The handle makes it easy to tote with you from car to office chair (or even onto a plane, train or bus to make long-distance travel a bit easier on the back and body). (yahoo.com)
  • Some ibuprofen and maybe some physical therapy are all it takes to make most back pain go away. (npr.org)
  • Basically what nerve ablation is, we're heating up and interrupting the nerve and deactivating it to disrupt those pain signals that go to our brain and make us feel pain," Dr. Lawrence said. (wkyc.com)
  • But doctors are doing a pretty miserable job of treating back pain, a study finds. (npr.org)
  • Doctors were recommending NSAID pain relievers and acetaminophen less often. (npr.org)
  • In the 1990s doctors were criticized for ignoring patients' pain, Mafi says. (npr.org)
  • Doctors were also quick to whip out the prescription pad and call for CT and MRI scans for people with lower back pain, the study found. (npr.org)
  • This study didn't examine why doctors aren't following clinical guidelines for treating back pain, but other studies have found that when doctors own imaging equipment, they are more likely to use it. (npr.org)
  • Doctors will often prescribe pain killers, which will not treat the origin of the pain. (losethebackpain.com)
  • For a long time, doctors thought this was the source of pain, but then they discovered pain can also come from changes in the bone over time, especially in younger patients. (wkyc.com)
  • Lower back pain is a fairly common symptom. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Coughing may worsen existing lower back pain for some people, whereas for others, lower back pain may only become noticeable when they cough. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Disk herniation can cause tingling and numbness down the lower back and in one or both legs. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Being in certain positions, such as leaning forward when coughing, can put even more pressure on the nerves and cause lower back pain. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Lung cancer is a rare but possible cause of lower back pain when coughing. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • If you're one of the many women who experience period pain, you're likely familiar with lower back pain during your period. (healthline.com)
  • Lower back pain is a common symptom of PMS, a condition most women experience during menstruation. (healthline.com)
  • However, severe lower back pain may be a symptom of conditions like PMDD and dysmenorrhea. (healthline.com)
  • There are a handful of causes of severe lower back pain during your period. (healthline.com)
  • Like PMS, an increase in inflammation can be a cause of severe lower back pain in PMDD. (healthline.com)
  • Of those 261 participants, 16 percent reported lower back pain. (healthline.com)
  • While some lower back pain is normal during your period, severe and constant lower back pain can indicate a more serious issue, such as endometriosis. (healthline.com)
  • You are in the right place if you are looking for attainable ways to improve your lower back pain with practicality. (lifehack.org)
  • Your lower back needs your support to do its job well. (lifehack.org)
  • As you work to get rid of your lower back pain, it is going to be more important for you to go slow and ensure that each movement benefits your body. (lifehack.org)
  • Regardless of how you acquired lower back pain, be patient with yourself as you work to recover. (lifehack.org)
  • Sit in a chair with good back support, or place a small pillow behind your lower back. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • But if Sarah had an achilles heel, it was the occastional tweak in her lower back. (wkyc.com)
  • To investigate the epidemiology of lower back pain among rehabilitation professionals. (who.int)
  • Data on different measures of lower back pain, and its consequences and risk factors were collected. (who.int)
  • Logistic regression analysis was done to identify significant predictors of lower back pain. (who.int)
  • Lower back pain was responsible for stopping work in 32.5% of participants, with a mean 1.38 (±2.96) days off work during the last year. (who.int)
  • Educational programmes are necessary to teach proper use of body mechanics, and sports activity programmes to reduce the risk of lower back pain and arrange for proper rest periods. (who.int)
  • Consider participating in a clinical trial so clinicians and scientists can learn more about back pain. (nih.gov)
  • The Core Center for Patient-centric, Mechanistic Phenotyping in Chronic Low Back Pain (REACH) is a BACPAC Mechanistic Research Center that conducts translational and clinical research to clarify biopsychosocial mechanisms of chronic low back pain - the interconnection between biology, biomechanics, psychology, and socio-environmental factors - which will be foundational for new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. (nih.gov)
  • Spending your Friday evening doing back strengthening exercises may not catch your attention with ease. (lifehack.org)
  • Some women have the rather unfortunate experience of having both types of pain intermittently throughout their pregnancies. (pregnancy-info.net)
  • The 35-year-old mom went through physical therapy, injections and pain medication but nothing worked. (wkyc.com)
  • Cohort study of patients with low back pain (LBP) receiving physical therapy. (nih.gov)
  • Chronic back pain may come on quickly or slowly and lasts longer than 12 weeks and occurs daily. (nih.gov)
  • More than 75 per cent of all back pain occurs in the lumbar region. (ottobock.com)
  • Mental health: Anxiety, mood, and depression can influence how you perceive your back pain and stress can cause muscle tension. (nih.gov)
  • The Opioid Call-back Survey had a total of 58 questions, took approximately 35 minutes to complete, and assesses opioid misuse and access to medication-assisted therapy, satisfaction with care received, postpartum care received, infant health and development, and receipt of social services and supports. (cdc.gov)
  • What magic bullet better than a very powerful pain medication? (npr.org)
  • NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) like aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen are medications that effectively reduce pain and inflammation. (healthline.com)
  • One systematic review found that NSAIDs, such as ibuprofen and naproxen, are extremely effective at reducing dysmenorrhea pain in clinical trials, even more than aspirin. (healthline.com)

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