Babesia bovis
Babesia
Babesiosis
Babesia microti
Cattle Diseases
Rhipicephalus
Theileria
Cattle
Antigens, Protozoan
Streptococcus bovis
Anaplasmosis
Mycoplasma bovis
Ticks
Blood-sucking acarid parasites of the order Ixodida comprising two families: the softbacked ticks (ARGASIDAE) and hardbacked ticks (IXODIDAE). Ticks are larger than their relatives, the MITES. They penetrate the skin of their host by means of highly specialized, hooked mouth parts and feed on its blood. Ticks attack all groups of terrestrial vertebrates. In humans they are responsible for many TICK-BORNE DISEASES, including the transmission of ROCKY MOUNTAIN SPOTTED FEVER; TULAREMIA; BABESIOSIS; AFRICAN SWINE FEVER; and RELAPSING FEVER. (From Barnes, Invertebrate Zoology, 5th ed, pp543-44)
Protozoan Vaccines
Theileriasis
Erythrocytes
Merozoite Surface Protein 1
Moraxella (Moraxella) bovis
Mycobacterium bovis
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Tick Control
Rhipicephalus sanguineus
A species of tick (TICKS) in the family IXODIDAE, distributed throughout the world but abundant in southern Europe. It will feed on a wide variety of MAMMALS, but DOGS are its preferred host. It transmits a large number of diseases including BABESIOSIS; THEILERIASIS; EHRLICHIOSIS; and MEDITERRANEAN SPOTTED FEVER.
Cytoadherence of Babesia bovis-infected erythrocytes to bovine brain capillary endothelial cells provides an in vitro model for sequestration. (1/81)
Babesia bovis, an intraerythrocytic parasite of cattle, is sequestered in the host microvasculature, a behavior associated with cerebral and vascular complications of this disease. Despite the importance of this behavior to disease etiology, the underlying mechanisms have not yet been investigated. To study the components involved in sequestration, B. bovis parasites that induce adhesion of the infected erythrocytes (IRBCs) to bovine brain capillary endothelial cells (BBEC) in vitro were isolated. Two clonal lines, CD7(A+I+) and CE11(A+I-), were derived from a cytoadherent, monoclonal antibody 4D9.1G1-reactive parasite population. This antibody recognizes a variant, surface-exposed epitope of the variant erythrocyte surface antigen 1 (VESA1) of B. bovis IRBCs. Both clonal lines were cytoadhesive to BBEC and two other bovine endothelial cell lines but not to COS7 cells, FBK-4 cells, C32 melanoma cells, or bovine brain pericytes. By transmission electron microscopy, IRBCs were observed to bind to BBEC via the knobby protrusions on the IRBC surface, indicating involvement of components associated with these structures. Inhibition of protein export in intact, trypsinized IRBCs ablated both erythrocyte surface reexpression of parasite protein and cytoadhesion. IRBCs allowed to recover surface antigen expression regained the ability to bind endothelial cells, demonstrating that parasite protein export is required for cytoadhesion. We propose the use of this assay as an in vitro model to study the components involved in B. bovis cytoadherence and sequestration. (+info)Selection of Babesia bovis-infected erythrocytes for adhesion to endothelial cells coselects for altered variant erythrocyte surface antigen isoforms. (2/81)
Sequestration of Babesia bovis-infected erythrocytes (IRBCs) in the host microvasculature is thought to constitute an important mechanism of immune evasion. Since Ig is considered to be important for protection from disease, an in vitro assay of B. bovis sequestration was used to explore the ability of anti-B. bovis Ig to interfere with IRBC cytoadhesion, and to identify IRBC surface Ags acting as endothelial cell receptors. Bovine infection sera reactive with the IRBC surface inhibited and even reversed the binding of IRBCs to bovine brain capillary endothelial cells (BBECs). This activity is at least partially attributable to serum IgG. IgG isolated from inhibitory serum captured the variant erythrocyte surface ag 1 (VESA1) in surface-specific immunoprecipitations of B. bovis-IRBCs. Selection for the cytoadhesive phenotype concurrently selected for antigenic and structural changes in the VESA1 Ag. In addition, the anti-VESA1 mAb, 4D9.1G1, proved capable of effectively inhibiting and reversing binding of adhesive, mAb-reactive parasites to BBECs, and by immunoelectron microscopy localized VESA1 to the external tips of the IRBC membrane knobs. These data are consistent with a link between antigenic variation and cytoadherence in B. bovis and suggest that the VESA1 Ag acts as an endothelial cell ligand on the B. bovis-IRBC. (+info)The ves multigene family of B. bovis encodes components of rapid antigenic variation at the infected erythrocyte surface. (3/81)
B. bovis, an intraerythrocytic protozoal parasite, establishes chronic infections in cattle in part through rapid variation of the polymorphic, heterodimeric VESA1 protein on the infected erythrocyte surface and sequestration of mature parasites. We describe the characterization of the ves1 alpha gene encoding the VESA1a subunit, thus providing a description of a gene whose product is involved in rapid antigenic variation in a babesial parasite. This three-exon gene, a member of a multigene family (ves), encodes a polypeptide with no cleavable signal sequence, a single predicted transmembrane segment, and a cysteine/lysine-rich domain. Variation appears to involve creation and modification or loss of a novel, transcribed copy of the gene. (+info)Babesia bovis-stimulated macrophages express interleukin-1beta, interleukin-12, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and nitric oxide and inhibit parasite replication in vitro. (4/81)
The tick-transmitted hemoparasite Babesia bovis causes an acute infection that results in persistence and immunity against challenge infection in cattle that control the initial parasitemia. Resolution of acute infection with this protozoal pathogen is believed to be dependent on products of activated macrophages (Mphi), including inflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide (NO) and its derivatives. B. bovis stimulates inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and production of NO in bovine Mphi, and chemical donors of NO inhibit the growth of B. bovis in vitro. However, the induction of inflammatory cytokines in Mphi by babesial parasites has not been described, and the antiparasitic activity of NO produced by B. bovis-stimulated Mphi has not been definitively demonstrated. We report that monocyte-derived Mphi activated by B. bovis expressed enhanced levels of inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor alpha that are important for stimulating innate and acquired immunity against protozoal pathogens. Furthermore, a lipid fraction of B. bovis-infected erythrocytes stimulated iNOS expression and NO production by Mphi. Cocultures of Mphi and B. bovis-infected erythrocytes either in contact or physically separated resulted in reduced parasite viability. However, NO produced by bovine Mphi in response to B. bovis-infected erythrocytes was only partially responsible for parasite growth inhibition, suggesting that additional factors contribute to the inhibition of B. bovis replication. These findings demonstrate that B. bovis induces an innate immune response that is capable of controlling parasite replication and that could potentially result in host survival and parasite persistence. (+info)Antigenic variation in vector-borne pathogens. (5/81)
Several pathogens of humans and domestic animals depend on hematophagous arthropods to transmit them from one vertebrate reservoir host to another and maintain them in an environment. These pathogens use antigenic variation to prolong their circulation in the blood and thus increase the likelihood of transmission. By convergent evolution, bacterial and protozoal vector-borne pathogens have acquired similar genetic mechanisms for successful antigenic variation. Borrelia spp. and Anaplasma marginale (among bacteria) and African trypanosomes, Plasmodium falciparum, and Babesia bovis (among parasites) are examples of pathogens using these mechanisms. Antigenic variation poses a challenge in the development of vaccines against vector-borne pathogens. (+info)Characterization of allelic variation in the Babesia bovis merozoite surface antigen 1 (MSA-1) locus and identification of a cross-reactive inhibition-sensitive MSA-1 epitope. (6/81)
The Babesia bovis merozoite surface antigen 1 (MSA-1), a member of the variable merozoite surface antigen (VMSA) family, is an immunodominant glycoprotein which elicits antibodies that inhibit erythrocyte invasion. While antigenic polymorphism is a general feature of vmsa genes, the molecular basis and extent of msa-1 sequence polymorphism have not been well characterized. In this study we defined the msa-1 locus in the biologically cloned Mexico Mo7 strain of B. bovis and identified the sequence differences between MSA-1 antigenically dissimilar strains. We then determined whether sequences conserved between distinct msa-1 alleles would induce cross-reactive CD4(+) T lymphocytes or inhibitory antibodies. The msa-1 locus in Mo7 contains a single msa-1 gene flanked by transcribed genes with no sequence homology to members of the VMSA gene family. Argentina B. bovis strains R1A and S2P have msa-1 genes with amino acid sequences that are 98.8% identical to each other, and antibodies against S2P MSA-1 cross-react with native R1A MSA-1. In contrast, identity between the Argentina and Mexico Mo7 msa-1 alleles is only 52%, with no continuous stretch of identity longer than 16 amino acids. Despite limited sequence conservation, antibodies against R1A MSA-1 were able to inhibit invasion of erythrocytes by Mo7 merozoites. The results indicate that inhibition-sensitive epitopes are conserved despite significant sequence divergence between Mexico and Argentina strain alleles and support a conserved functional role for polymorphic MSA-1 in erythrocyte invasion. (+info)DNA from protozoan parasites Babesia bovis, Trypanosoma cruzi, and T. brucei is mitogenic for B lymphocytes and stimulates macrophage expression of interleukin-12, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and nitric oxide. (7/81)
The activation of innate immune responses by genomic DNA from bacteria and several nonvertebrate organisms represents a novel mechanism of pathogen recognition. We recently demonstrated the CpG-dependent mitogenic activity of DNA from the protozoan parasite Babesia bovis for bovine B lymphocytes (W. C. Brown, D. M. Estes, S. E. Chantler, K. A. Kegerreis, and C. E. Suarez, Infect. Immun. 66:5423-5432, 1998). However, activation of macrophages by DNA from protozoan parasites has not been demonstrated. The present study was therefore conducted to determine whether DNA from the protozan parasites B. bovis, Trypanosoma cruzi, and T. brucei activates macrophages to secrete inflammatory mediators associated with protective immunity. DNA from Escherichia coli and all three parasites stimulated B-lymphocyte proliferation and increased macrophage production of interleukin-12 (IL-12), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and nitric oxide (NO). Regulation of IL-12 and NO production occurred at the level of transcription. The amounts of IL-12, TNF-alpha, and NO induced by E. coli and protozoal DNA were strongly correlated (r2 > 0.9) with the frequency of CG dinucleotides in the genome, and immunostimulation by DNA occurred in the order E. coli > or = T. cruzi > T. brucei > B. bovis. Induction of inflammatory mediators by E. coli, T. brucei, and B. bovis DNA was dependent on the presence of unmethylated CpG dinucleotides. However, at high concentrations, E. coli and T. cruzi DNA-mediated macrophage activation was not inhibited following methylation. The recognition of protozoal DNA by B lymphocytes and macrophages may provide an important innate defense mechanism to control parasite replication and promote persistent infection. (+info)Babesia bovis merozoite surface antigen 1 and rhoptry-associated protein 1 are expressed in sporozoites, and specific antibodies inhibit sporozoite attachment to erythrocytes. (8/81)
We examined Babesia bovis sporozoites for the expression of two molecules, merozoite surface antigen 1 (MSA-1) and rhoptry-associated protein 1 (RAP-1), that are postulated to be involved in the invasion of host erythrocytes. Both MSA-1 and RAP-1 were transcribed and expressed in infectious sporozoites. Importantly, monospecific MSA-1 and RAP-1 antisera each inhibited sporozoite invasion of erythrocytes in vitro. This is the first identification of antigens expressed in Babesia sp. sporozoites and establishes that, at least in part, sporozoites and merozoites share common targets of antibody mediated inhibition of erythrocyte invasion. (+info)
Mycobacterium bovis BCG as a delivery system for the RAP-1 antigen from Babesia bovis - Surrey Research Insight Open Access
Molecular surveillance and phylogenetic traits of Babesia bigemina and Babesia bovis in cattle ( Bos taurus ) and water...
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Bovipain-2, the falcipain-2 ortholog, is expressed in intraerythrocytic stages of the tick-transmitted hemoparasite Babesia...
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Identification, expression and characterisation of a Babesia bovis hexose transporter - Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global...
Oviposition in Boophilus microplus infected artificially with Babesia bovis and naturally with B. bovis and Babesia bigemina |...
Oviposition in Boophilus microplus infected artificially with Babesia bovis and naturally with B. bovis and Babesia bigemina ... Ponte des femelles de Boophilus microplus artificiellement infectées par Babesia bovis et infectées naturellement par B. bovis ... Comparison of cattle responses to mono-specific or combined inoculations with Babesia bigemina and Babesia bovis vaccine ... bovis et chez onze femelles gorgées (GUI) (poids moyen 211,5 mg) trouvées infectées naturellement par B. bovis et Babesia ...
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Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a severe, highly contagious viral disease of cattle and swine. It causes fever, followed by the development of blisters, chiefly in the mouth and feet of affected animals. Most affected animals recover, but the disease leaves them debilitated. It causes severe losses in the production of meat and milk.. ...
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Babesia bovis and B. bigemina) that cause cattle fever. R. microplus and Babesia are endemic in Mexico and ticks persist in the ... Babesia bovis and B. bigemina) that cause cattle fever. R. microplus and Babesia are endemic in Mexico and ticks persist in the ... Babesia bovis and B. bigemina) that cause cattle fever. R. microplus and Babesia are endemic in Mexico and ticks persist in the ... Babesia bovis and B. bigemina) that cause cattle fever. R. microplus and Babesia are endemic in Mexico and ticks persist in the ...
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... a new vaccine candidate antigen of Babesia bovis. Veterinary Parasitology, 287 . p. 109275. ISSN 0304-4017 ... Bos taurus) fed creeping indigo (Indigofera spicata). Animal Production Science . ... A retrospective study of Babesia macropus associated with morbidity and mortality in eastern grey kangaroos (Macropus giganteus ...
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Gene: PITG 07020 - Summary - Phytophthora infestans - Ensembl Genomes 51
Gene: PF3D7 1474800 - Summary - Plasmodium falciparum - Ensembl Genomes 51
Gene: tRNA-Pro (EPrPING00000001135) - Summary - Phytophthora infestans - Ensembl Genomes 51
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Gene: tRNA-Asp (EPrPING00000004801) - Summary - Phytophthora infestans - Ensembl Genomes 51
Bigemina4
- Egg output was also measured in 20 engorged females ticks (GII) (average weight 327.2 mg) free of B. bovis and in 11 B. microplus (GUI) (average weight 211.5 mg) found naturally infected with B. bovis and Babesia bigemina (0.1 to 14.9 kinetes per microscope field of haemolymph) on day 5 from collection. (parasite-journal.org)
- chez vingt femelles gorgées (GII) (poids moyen 327,2 mg) sans infection par B. bovis et chez onze femelles gorgées (GUI) (poids moyen 211,5 mg) trouvées infectées naturellement par B. bovis et Babesia bigemina (0,1 à 14,9 kinètes par champ microscopique d'hémolymphe) aussi le 5 e jour après le détachement. (parasite-journal.org)
- Background: Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus is a highly-invasive tick that transmits the cattle parasites (Babesia bovis and B. bigemina) that cause cattle fever. (elsevier.com)
- Virbazene® é indicado no tratamento da Piroplasmose causada por Babesia bigemina, B. argentina, B. bovis, B. pergens e da Tripanossomíase causada por T. evansi e T. vivax em bovinos e equinos. (vet.br)
Microplus4
- Ten Boophilus microplus engorged females (GI) (average weight 327.7 mg), with induced Babesia bovis infection (0.2 to 20.5 kinetes per microscope field of haemolymph on day 5 from detachment) were monitored for egg production. (parasite-journal.org)
- Adaptive tolerance between B. microplus and Babesia, probably occurs under natural conditions. (parasite-journal.org)
- Il est probable qu'existe une tolérance adaptative entre B. microplus et Babesia dans des conditions naturelles. (parasite-journal.org)
- R. microplus and Babesia are endemic in Mexico and ticks persist in the United States inside a narrow tick eradication quarantine area (TEQA) along the Rio Grande. (elsevier.com)