A species of protozoa that is a cause of bovine babesiosis. Ticks of the genera Boophilus, Rhipicephalus, and IXODES are the chief vectors.
A genus of tick-borne protozoan parasites that infests the red blood cells of mammals, including humans. There are many recognized species, and the distribution is world-wide.
A group of tick-borne diseases of mammals including ZOONOSES in humans. They are caused by protozoa of the genus BABESIA, which parasitize erythrocytes, producing hemolysis. In the U.S., the organism's natural host is mice and transmission is by the deer tick IXODES SCAPULARIS.
A species of protozoa infecting humans via the intermediate tick vector IXODES scapularis. The other hosts are the mouse PEROMYSCUS leucopus and meadow vole MICROTUS pennsylvanicus, which are fed on by the tick. Other primates can be experimentally infected with Babesia microti.
Diseases of domestic cattle of the genus Bos. It includes diseases of cows, yaks, and zebus.
A genus of TICKS, in the family IXODIDAE, widespread in Africa. Members of the genus include many important vectors of animal and human pathogens.
A genus of tick-borne protozoa parasitic in the lymphocytes, erythrocytes, and endothelial cells of mammals. Its organisms multiply asexually and then invade erythrocytes, where they undergo no further reproduction until ingested by a transmitting tick.
Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.
Any part or derivative of any protozoan that elicits immunity; malaria (Plasmodium) and trypanosome antigens are presently the most frequently encountered.
A species of gram-positive, coccoid bacteria commonly found in the alimentary tract of cows, sheep, and other ruminants. It occasionally is encountered in cases of human endocarditis. This species is nonhemolytic.
Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of protozoa.
Proteins found in any species of protozoan.
Immunoglobulins produced in a response to PROTOZOAN ANTIGENS.
A disease of cattle caused by parasitization of the red blood cells by bacteria of the genus ANAPLASMA.
A species of gram-negative bacteria causing MASTITIS; ARTHRITIS; and RESPIRATORY TRACT DISEASES in CATTLE.
Blood-sucking acarid parasites of the order Ixodida comprising two families: the softbacked ticks (ARGASIDAE) and hardbacked ticks (IXODIDAE). Ticks are larger than their relatives, the MITES. They penetrate the skin of their host by means of highly specialized, hooked mouth parts and feed on its blood. Ticks attack all groups of terrestrial vertebrates. In humans they are responsible for many TICK-BORNE DISEASES, including the transmission of ROCKY MOUNTAIN SPOTTED FEVER; TULAREMIA; BABESIOSIS; AFRICAN SWINE FEVER; and RELAPSING FEVER. (From Barnes, Invertebrate Zoology, 5th ed, pp543-44)
Suspensions of attenuated or killed protozoa administered for the prevention or treatment of infectious protozoan disease.
Infection of cattle, sheep, or goats with protozoa of the genus THEILERIA. This infection results in an acute or chronic febrile condition.
Red blood cells. Mature erythrocytes are non-nucleated, biconcave disks containing HEMOGLOBIN whose function is to transport OXYGEN.
A surface protein found on Plasmodium species which induces a T-cell response. The antigen is polymorphic, sharing amino acid sequence homology among PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM CHABAUDI; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; and PLASMODIUM YOELII.
A species of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria that is most frequently isolated from bovine eyes in cases of infectious keratoconjunctivitis (KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS, INFECTIOUS), but also occurs in unaffected eyes and the nasal cavity of cattle.

Cytoadherence of Babesia bovis-infected erythrocytes to bovine brain capillary endothelial cells provides an in vitro model for sequestration. (1/81)

Babesia bovis, an intraerythrocytic parasite of cattle, is sequestered in the host microvasculature, a behavior associated with cerebral and vascular complications of this disease. Despite the importance of this behavior to disease etiology, the underlying mechanisms have not yet been investigated. To study the components involved in sequestration, B. bovis parasites that induce adhesion of the infected erythrocytes (IRBCs) to bovine brain capillary endothelial cells (BBEC) in vitro were isolated. Two clonal lines, CD7(A+I+) and CE11(A+I-), were derived from a cytoadherent, monoclonal antibody 4D9.1G1-reactive parasite population. This antibody recognizes a variant, surface-exposed epitope of the variant erythrocyte surface antigen 1 (VESA1) of B. bovis IRBCs. Both clonal lines were cytoadhesive to BBEC and two other bovine endothelial cell lines but not to COS7 cells, FBK-4 cells, C32 melanoma cells, or bovine brain pericytes. By transmission electron microscopy, IRBCs were observed to bind to BBEC via the knobby protrusions on the IRBC surface, indicating involvement of components associated with these structures. Inhibition of protein export in intact, trypsinized IRBCs ablated both erythrocyte surface reexpression of parasite protein and cytoadhesion. IRBCs allowed to recover surface antigen expression regained the ability to bind endothelial cells, demonstrating that parasite protein export is required for cytoadhesion. We propose the use of this assay as an in vitro model to study the components involved in B. bovis cytoadherence and sequestration.  (+info)

Selection of Babesia bovis-infected erythrocytes for adhesion to endothelial cells coselects for altered variant erythrocyte surface antigen isoforms. (2/81)

Sequestration of Babesia bovis-infected erythrocytes (IRBCs) in the host microvasculature is thought to constitute an important mechanism of immune evasion. Since Ig is considered to be important for protection from disease, an in vitro assay of B. bovis sequestration was used to explore the ability of anti-B. bovis Ig to interfere with IRBC cytoadhesion, and to identify IRBC surface Ags acting as endothelial cell receptors. Bovine infection sera reactive with the IRBC surface inhibited and even reversed the binding of IRBCs to bovine brain capillary endothelial cells (BBECs). This activity is at least partially attributable to serum IgG. IgG isolated from inhibitory serum captured the variant erythrocyte surface ag 1 (VESA1) in surface-specific immunoprecipitations of B. bovis-IRBCs. Selection for the cytoadhesive phenotype concurrently selected for antigenic and structural changes in the VESA1 Ag. In addition, the anti-VESA1 mAb, 4D9.1G1, proved capable of effectively inhibiting and reversing binding of adhesive, mAb-reactive parasites to BBECs, and by immunoelectron microscopy localized VESA1 to the external tips of the IRBC membrane knobs. These data are consistent with a link between antigenic variation and cytoadherence in B. bovis and suggest that the VESA1 Ag acts as an endothelial cell ligand on the B. bovis-IRBC.  (+info)

The ves multigene family of B. bovis encodes components of rapid antigenic variation at the infected erythrocyte surface. (3/81)

B. bovis, an intraerythrocytic protozoal parasite, establishes chronic infections in cattle in part through rapid variation of the polymorphic, heterodimeric VESA1 protein on the infected erythrocyte surface and sequestration of mature parasites. We describe the characterization of the ves1 alpha gene encoding the VESA1a subunit, thus providing a description of a gene whose product is involved in rapid antigenic variation in a babesial parasite. This three-exon gene, a member of a multigene family (ves), encodes a polypeptide with no cleavable signal sequence, a single predicted transmembrane segment, and a cysteine/lysine-rich domain. Variation appears to involve creation and modification or loss of a novel, transcribed copy of the gene.  (+info)

Babesia bovis-stimulated macrophages express interleukin-1beta, interleukin-12, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and nitric oxide and inhibit parasite replication in vitro. (4/81)

The tick-transmitted hemoparasite Babesia bovis causes an acute infection that results in persistence and immunity against challenge infection in cattle that control the initial parasitemia. Resolution of acute infection with this protozoal pathogen is believed to be dependent on products of activated macrophages (Mphi), including inflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide (NO) and its derivatives. B. bovis stimulates inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and production of NO in bovine Mphi, and chemical donors of NO inhibit the growth of B. bovis in vitro. However, the induction of inflammatory cytokines in Mphi by babesial parasites has not been described, and the antiparasitic activity of NO produced by B. bovis-stimulated Mphi has not been definitively demonstrated. We report that monocyte-derived Mphi activated by B. bovis expressed enhanced levels of inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor alpha that are important for stimulating innate and acquired immunity against protozoal pathogens. Furthermore, a lipid fraction of B. bovis-infected erythrocytes stimulated iNOS expression and NO production by Mphi. Cocultures of Mphi and B. bovis-infected erythrocytes either in contact or physically separated resulted in reduced parasite viability. However, NO produced by bovine Mphi in response to B. bovis-infected erythrocytes was only partially responsible for parasite growth inhibition, suggesting that additional factors contribute to the inhibition of B. bovis replication. These findings demonstrate that B. bovis induces an innate immune response that is capable of controlling parasite replication and that could potentially result in host survival and parasite persistence.  (+info)

Antigenic variation in vector-borne pathogens. (5/81)

Several pathogens of humans and domestic animals depend on hematophagous arthropods to transmit them from one vertebrate reservoir host to another and maintain them in an environment. These pathogens use antigenic variation to prolong their circulation in the blood and thus increase the likelihood of transmission. By convergent evolution, bacterial and protozoal vector-borne pathogens have acquired similar genetic mechanisms for successful antigenic variation. Borrelia spp. and Anaplasma marginale (among bacteria) and African trypanosomes, Plasmodium falciparum, and Babesia bovis (among parasites) are examples of pathogens using these mechanisms. Antigenic variation poses a challenge in the development of vaccines against vector-borne pathogens.  (+info)

Characterization of allelic variation in the Babesia bovis merozoite surface antigen 1 (MSA-1) locus and identification of a cross-reactive inhibition-sensitive MSA-1 epitope. (6/81)

The Babesia bovis merozoite surface antigen 1 (MSA-1), a member of the variable merozoite surface antigen (VMSA) family, is an immunodominant glycoprotein which elicits antibodies that inhibit erythrocyte invasion. While antigenic polymorphism is a general feature of vmsa genes, the molecular basis and extent of msa-1 sequence polymorphism have not been well characterized. In this study we defined the msa-1 locus in the biologically cloned Mexico Mo7 strain of B. bovis and identified the sequence differences between MSA-1 antigenically dissimilar strains. We then determined whether sequences conserved between distinct msa-1 alleles would induce cross-reactive CD4(+) T lymphocytes or inhibitory antibodies. The msa-1 locus in Mo7 contains a single msa-1 gene flanked by transcribed genes with no sequence homology to members of the VMSA gene family. Argentina B. bovis strains R1A and S2P have msa-1 genes with amino acid sequences that are 98.8% identical to each other, and antibodies against S2P MSA-1 cross-react with native R1A MSA-1. In contrast, identity between the Argentina and Mexico Mo7 msa-1 alleles is only 52%, with no continuous stretch of identity longer than 16 amino acids. Despite limited sequence conservation, antibodies against R1A MSA-1 were able to inhibit invasion of erythrocytes by Mo7 merozoites. The results indicate that inhibition-sensitive epitopes are conserved despite significant sequence divergence between Mexico and Argentina strain alleles and support a conserved functional role for polymorphic MSA-1 in erythrocyte invasion.  (+info)

DNA from protozoan parasites Babesia bovis, Trypanosoma cruzi, and T. brucei is mitogenic for B lymphocytes and stimulates macrophage expression of interleukin-12, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and nitric oxide. (7/81)

The activation of innate immune responses by genomic DNA from bacteria and several nonvertebrate organisms represents a novel mechanism of pathogen recognition. We recently demonstrated the CpG-dependent mitogenic activity of DNA from the protozoan parasite Babesia bovis for bovine B lymphocytes (W. C. Brown, D. M. Estes, S. E. Chantler, K. A. Kegerreis, and C. E. Suarez, Infect. Immun. 66:5423-5432, 1998). However, activation of macrophages by DNA from protozoan parasites has not been demonstrated. The present study was therefore conducted to determine whether DNA from the protozan parasites B. bovis, Trypanosoma cruzi, and T. brucei activates macrophages to secrete inflammatory mediators associated with protective immunity. DNA from Escherichia coli and all three parasites stimulated B-lymphocyte proliferation and increased macrophage production of interleukin-12 (IL-12), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and nitric oxide (NO). Regulation of IL-12 and NO production occurred at the level of transcription. The amounts of IL-12, TNF-alpha, and NO induced by E. coli and protozoal DNA were strongly correlated (r2 > 0.9) with the frequency of CG dinucleotides in the genome, and immunostimulation by DNA occurred in the order E. coli > or = T. cruzi > T. brucei > B. bovis. Induction of inflammatory mediators by E. coli, T. brucei, and B. bovis DNA was dependent on the presence of unmethylated CpG dinucleotides. However, at high concentrations, E. coli and T. cruzi DNA-mediated macrophage activation was not inhibited following methylation. The recognition of protozoal DNA by B lymphocytes and macrophages may provide an important innate defense mechanism to control parasite replication and promote persistent infection.  (+info)

Babesia bovis merozoite surface antigen 1 and rhoptry-associated protein 1 are expressed in sporozoites, and specific antibodies inhibit sporozoite attachment to erythrocytes. (8/81)

We examined Babesia bovis sporozoites for the expression of two molecules, merozoite surface antigen 1 (MSA-1) and rhoptry-associated protein 1 (RAP-1), that are postulated to be involved in the invasion of host erythrocytes. Both MSA-1 and RAP-1 were transcribed and expressed in infectious sporozoites. Importantly, monospecific MSA-1 and RAP-1 antisera each inhibited sporozoite invasion of erythrocytes in vitro. This is the first identification of antigens expressed in Babesia sp. sporozoites and establishes that, at least in part, sporozoites and merozoites share common targets of antibody mediated inhibition of erythrocyte invasion.  (+info)

Symptoms of babesiosis can vary in severity and may include:

* Fever
* Chills
* Headache
* Muscle and joint pain
* Fatigue
* Nausea and vomiting
* Diarrhea
* Anemia (low red blood cell count)

In severe cases, babesiosis can lead to complications such as:

* Hemolytic anemia (breakdown of red blood cells)
* Kidney failure
* Respiratory distress syndrome
* Septic shock

Babesiosis is diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, medical history, and laboratory tests, including:

* Blood smear
* Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
* Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)

Treatment for babesiosis typically involves the use of antimicrobial drugs, such as azithromycin and atovaquone, or clindamycin and primaquine. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary to manage complications.

Prevention of babesiosis primarily involves protecting against tick bites through measures such as:

* Using insect repellents containing DEET or permethrin
* Wearing long-sleeved shirts and pants, and tucking pant legs into socks
* Checking for ticks on the body after spending time outdoors
* Removing any attached ticks promptly and correctly

Early detection and treatment of babesiosis can help to reduce the risk of complications and improve outcomes for affected individuals.

Cattle diseases refer to any health issues that affect cattle, including bacterial, viral, and parasitic infections, as well as genetic disorders and environmental factors. These diseases can have a significant impact on the health and productivity of cattle, as well as the livelihoods of farmers and ranchers who rely on them for their livelihood.

Types of Cattle Diseases

There are many different types of cattle diseases, including:

1. Bacterial diseases, such as brucellosis, anthrax, and botulism.
2. Viral diseases, such as bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) and bluetongue.
3. Parasitic diseases, such as heartwater and gapeworm.
4. Genetic disorders, such as polledness and cleft palate.
5. Environmental factors, such as heat stress and nutritional deficiencies.

Symptoms of Cattle Diseases

The symptoms of cattle diseases can vary depending on the specific disease, but may include:

1. Fever and respiratory problems
2. Diarrhea and vomiting
3. Weight loss and depression
4. Swelling and pain in joints or limbs
5. Discharge from the eyes or nose
6. Coughing or difficulty breathing
7. Lameness or reluctance to move
8. Changes in behavior, such as aggression or lethargy

Diagnosis and Treatment of Cattle Diseases

Diagnosing cattle diseases can be challenging, as the symptoms may be similar for different conditions. However, veterinarians use a combination of physical examination, laboratory tests, and medical history to make a diagnosis. Treatment options vary depending on the specific disease and may include antibiotics, vaccines, anti-inflammatory drugs, and supportive care such as fluids and nutritional supplements.

Prevention of Cattle Diseases

Preventing cattle diseases is essential for maintaining the health and productivity of your herd. Some preventative measures include:

1. Proper nutrition and hydration
2. Regular vaccinations and parasite control
3. Sanitary living conditions and frequent cleaning
4. Monitoring for signs of illness and seeking prompt veterinary care if symptoms arise
5. Implementing biosecurity measures such as isolating sick animals and quarantining new animals before introduction to the herd.

It is important to work closely with a veterinarian to develop a comprehensive health plan for your cattle herd, as they can provide guidance on vaccination schedules, parasite control methods, and disease prevention strategies tailored to your specific needs.

Conclusion
Cattle diseases can have a significant impact on the productivity and profitability of your herd, as well as the overall health of your animals. It is essential to be aware of the common cattle diseases, their symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention methods to ensure the health and well-being of your herd.

By working closely with a veterinarian and implementing preventative measures such as proper nutrition and sanitary living conditions, you can help protect your cattle from disease and maintain a productive and profitable herd. Remember, prevention is key when it comes to managing cattle diseases.

The symptoms of anaplasmosis can range from mild to severe and typically develop within 1-2 weeks after a tick bite. Mild symptoms may include fever, chills, headache, muscle aches, and fatigue. Severe symptoms can include bleeding disorders, thrombocytopenia (low platelet count), renal failure, respiratory distress, and cardiovascular complications.

Anaplasmosis is diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, laboratory tests, and medical imaging. Laboratory tests may include blood smears, PCR (polymerase chain reaction) tests, and serologic tests to detect the presence of antibodies against the bacteria.

Treatment for anaplasmosis typically involves the use of antimicrobial drugs, such as doxycycline or azithromycin, which are effective against the bacteria. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary to manage complications such as respiratory distress, renal failure, and cardiovascular problems.

Prevention of anaplasmosis includes avoiding tick habitats, using protective clothing and insect repellents when outdoors, and conducting regular tick checks on oneself and pets. It is also important to be aware of the risks of anaplasmosis in areas where the disease is prevalent and to seek medical attention promptly if symptoms develop after a tick bite.

The disease is transmitted through the bite of an infected tick, which introduces the parasite into the host's bloodstream. The parasites then multiply within the host's cells, causing damage to the red blood cells and other organs.

There are several species of Theileria that can cause theileriosis, with different species affecting different regions and livestock populations. The most common species is Theileria parva, which is found in sub-Saharan Africa and causes East Coast fever. Other species include Theileria sergenti, which is found in southern Africa, and Theileria taurotragus, which affects wild buffalo.

Theileriosis can be diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, laboratory tests, and observation of the parasites in the host's bloodstream. Treatment typically involves supportive care, such as antibiotics to prevent secondary infections, and in some cases, medication to reduce the number of parasites in the host's body.

Prevention is key to controlling theileriosis, and this includes using acaricides to kill ticks, vaccination, and maintaining good herd health practices. In areas where the disease is common, it is important to monitor livestock regularly for signs of the disease and take prompt action if any are detected.

In summary, theileriosis is a parasitic infection caused by Theileria protozoa that affects cattle and other bovines, causing a range of symptoms including fever, anemia, weight loss, and edema. It is transmitted through the bite of an infected tick and can be diagnosed through laboratory tests and physical examination. Treatment typically involves supportive care and medication to reduce the number of parasites in the host's body, while prevention strategies include the use of acaricides, vaccination, and good herd health practices.

... is transmitted transovarially, from the female ticks to the eggs, and can remain resident in tick populations for ... Babesia bovis is an Apicomplexan single-celled parasite of cattle which occasionally infects humans. The disease it and other ... The involvement of the larval stage of the ticks in the cycle is specific to B. bovis; other Babesia species only involve adult ... 2007). "Genome Sequence of Babesia bovis and Comparative Analysis of Apicomplexan Hemoprotozoa". PLOS Pathogens. 3 (10): 1401- ...
... , Anaplasma platys, Candidatus Midichloria mitochondrii and Babesia canis vogeli in ticks from Israel". Clinical ... Detection of A. bovis DNA was also found from blood samples of native wild deer on both islands. Anaplasma bovis has also been ... Infection with A. bovis in cattle is considered to be asymptomatic in most cases. The OIE reports that A. bovis does not cause ... A. bovis is not known to be transmissible to people and as such does not have zoonotic potential. DNA fragments of A. bovis ...
October 2007). "Genome sequence of Babesia bovis and comparative analysis of apicomplexan hemoprotozoa". PLOS Pathogens. 3 (10 ...
When the genome of Babesia bovis, another protozoan parasite that infects red blood cells (erythrocytes) and causes Babesiosis ... 2007). "Genome Sequence of Babesia bovis and Comparative Analysis of Apicomplexan Hemoprotozoa". PLOS Pathogens. 3 (10): 1401- ...
Babesia bovis protozoa are transmitted by R. microplus and cause babesiosis or redwater fever in cattle throughout the tropics ... Timms, P.; Dalgliesh, R. J.; Barry, D. N.; Dimmock, C. K.; Rodwell, B. J. (March 1983). "Babesia bovis: comparison of culture- ... Vaccines are available on a commercial basis to immunize cattle against Babesia bovis. This is made by serial infection of ... Development of Babesia in the tick is complex and includes sexual reproduction. These Babesia are transmitted from adult female ...
While B. bovis and Babesia bigemina prefer to infect cattle in tropical environments, they can infect other animals, such as ... There are 15 avian species of Babesia, and four Babesia have been reported from sea hosts. Babesia poelea was described from ... Babesia microti, however, is not part of the genus Babesia. Due to historical misclassifications, the protozoan has been ... Babesia show host specificity, allowing many different subspecies of Babesia to emerge, each infecting a different kind of ...
2009). "Detection of tick blood parasites in Egypt using PCR assay I-Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina". Parasitology Research ...
It is a potential vector of many babesiosis pathogens like Babesia bigemina, Babesia bovis, and Anaplasma marginale. It shows a ...
Tick fever is caused by the diseases Babesia bigemina, Babesia bovis, or Anaplasma marginale which are transmitted by cattle ... Bos indicus (tropical breeds) are less susceptible to cattle ticks and build resistance quicker than Bos taurus (European ... There are four types of lice that occur on cattle: biting lice (Bovicola bovis), short-nosed sucking lice (Haematopinus ... Cattle drenching is the process of administrating chemical solutions (anthelmintics) to cattle or Bos taurus with the purpose ...
"Nilgai antelope in northern Mexico as a Possible Carrier for Cattle Fever Ticks and Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina" (PDF). ... Bovini consists of the genera Bubalus, Bos, Pseudoryx (saola), Syncerus (African Buffalo), Bison and the extinct Pelorovis. ... The generic name Boselaphus comes from the combination of the Latin bos ("cow" or "ox") and the Greek elaphos ("deer"). The ...
Babesia canis rossi, Babesia bigemina, and Babesia bovis cause particularly severe forms of the disease, including a severe ... A similar disease in cattle, commonly known as tick fever, is spread by Babesia bovis and B. bigemina in the introduced cattle ... Little is known about the occurrence of Babesia species in malaria-endemic areas, where Babesia can easily be misdiagnosed as ... Babesia canis and B. bigemina are "large Babesia species" that form paired merozoites in the erythrocytes, commonly described ...
... parasite known as Rhipicephalus microplus which spread tick fever onto the cattle via three blood-borne organisms Babesia bovis ... Anaplasma marginale, Babesia bigemina. Tick fever results in exterior material damage, internal damage, loss of condition, ...
... babesia MeSH B01.500.841.075.600.580.070.100 - babesia bovis MeSH B01.500.841.075.600.580.070.550 - babesia microti MeSH ...
Cattle can become infected with redwater fever (from the protozoans Babesia divergens, B. bovis, and B. ovis), Lyme disease ( ...
The known eukaryote genome sizes vary from 8.2 megabases (Mb) in Babesia bovis to 112,000-220,050 Mb in the dinoflagellate ...
... and communicable diseases such as Babesia bovis, Chlamydiosis, Johne's Disease, etc. Titled "Exportation and Importation of ...
Babesia species Cryptosporidium parvum Eimeria species Giardia intestinalis Neospora caninum Sarcocystis species Theileria ... gondii Trypanosoma species Dicrocoelium dendriticum Fasciola hepatica Fasciola gigantica Fascioloides magna Schistosoma bovis ... species Dermacentor species Haemaphysalis species Hyalomma species Ixodes species Rhipicephalus species Chorioptes bovis ...
His PhD thesis involved the cattle parasite Babesia bovis: in conjunction with other students they developed cloning, ...
Some examples include: Caligus species Cimex colombarius Cimex lectularius Culex pipiens Culicoides imicola Demodex bovis ... Examples of protozoan parasites: Babesia divergens Balantidium coli Besnoitia besnoiti Cryptosporidium parvum Eimeria ... Dermacentor reticulatus Gasterophilus intestinalis Haematobia irritans Hypoderma bovis Ixodes ricinus Knemidocoptes mutans ( ... species Haemonchus contortus Metastrongylus Muellerius capillaris Ostertagia ostertagi Paragonimus westermani Schistosoma bovis ...
"Bos taurus (ID 82) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30. "Index of /genomes/refseq/vertebrate_mammalian ... "Babesia microti (ID 11700) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-31. "Index of /genomes/refseq/protozoa/ ... "Bos mutus (ID 23015) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30. "Index of /genomes/refseq/vertebrate_ ... "Index of /genomes/refseq/vertebrate_mammalian/Bos_mutus/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000298355.1_BosGru_v2.0". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov ...
Babesia bovis causes an acute and often fatal infection in adult cattle, which if resolved, leads to a state of persistent ... Babesia bovis: common protein fractions recognized by oligoclonal B. bovis-specific CD4+ T cell lines from genetically diverse ... Immunodominant T-cell antigens and epitopes of Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina. Brown WC, McElwain TF, Hötzel I, Ruef BJ, ... Immune control of Babesia bovis infection Wendy C Brown 1 , Junzo Norimine, Donald P Knowles, Will L Goff ...
Detection of Babesia and Anaplasma species in rabbits from Texas and Georgia, USA. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2006;6:7-13. DOI ... tick samples with the other A. bovis sequences but with strong statistical support (100%) for the separation of A. bovis-like ... Lu M, Chen Q, Qin X, Lyu Y, Teng Z, Li K, et al. Anaplasma bovis infection in fever and thrombocytopenia patients-Anhui ... bovis. Because A. bovis has never been cultured in vitro, neither a type strain nor a complete genome exist for this pathogen. ...
CHARACTERIZATION OF ALLELIC VARIATION IN THE BABESIA BOVIS MEROZOITE SURFACE ANTIGEN-1 LOCUS (MSA-1) (Proceedings) (25-Apr-00) ... CHARACTERIZATION OF ALLELIC VARIATION IN THE BABESIA BOVIS MEROZOITE SURFACE ANTIGEN-1 (MSA-1) LOCUS AND IDENTIFICATION OF A ...
Immune control of babesia bovis infection. Veterinary Parasitology. 2006;138:2856-2861. [PubMed: 16510249] ... Transfusion-transmitted babesia spp.: Bulls-eye on babesia microti. Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 2011;24(1):14-28. [PMC free ... Search for babesia bovis vaccine candidates. Parassitologia. 2007;49 (Suppl 1):9-12. [PubMed: 17691600] ... Infection with a babesia-like organism in northern california. New England Journal of Medicine. 1995;332(5):298-303. [PubMed: ...
Humans are opportunistic hosts for Babesia when bitten by nymph or adult ticks. ... Babesiosis is a tick-borne malarialike illness caused by species of the intraerythrocytic protozoan Babesia. ... B. microti measures 2 × 1.5 µm, B. divergens measures 4 × 1.5 µm, and B. bovis measures 2.4 × 1.5 µm. As noted, the organisms ... Transfusion-transmitted Babesia spp.: bulls-eye on Babesia microti. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2011 Jan. 24(1):14-28. [QxMD MEDLINE ...
The enzymes of pyrimidine biosynthesis in Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina.. Gero AM; OSullivan WJ; Wright IG; Mahoney DF. ...
Babesia [B01.043.075.600.580.070] * Babesia bovis [B01.043.075.600.580.070.100] * Babesia microti [B01.043.075.600.580.070.550] ... Babesia bovis Preferred Term Term UI T050370. Date01/01/1999. LexicalTag NON. ThesaurusID NLM (1992). ... Babesia bovis Preferred Concept UI. M0025586. Registry Number. txid5865. Scope Note. A species of protozoa that is a cause of ... Babesia bovis. Tree Number(s). B01.043.075.600.580.070.100. Unique ID. D016793. RDF Unique Identifier. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/ ...
Babesia B01.043.075.600.580.070.100 Babesia bovis B01.043.075.600.580.070.550 Babesia microti B01.043.075.600.580.700 Theileria ... paratuberculosis B03.510.024.049.525.500.402 Mycobacterium bovis B03.510.024.049.525.500.480 Mycobacterium haemophilum B03.510. ... paratuberculosis B03.510.460.400.410.552.552.402 Mycobacterium bovis B03.510.460.400.410.552.552.480 Mycobacterium haemophilum ... bovis B03.440.400.425.537.650 Psychrobacter B03.440.400.425.550 Neisseriaceae B03.440.400.425.550.400 Kingella B03.440.400.425. ...
Babesia bovis - Preferred Concept UI. M0025586. Scope note. A species of protozoa that is a cause of bovine babesiosis. Ticks ... Babesia bovis. Scope note:. Especie de protozoos que son causa de la babesiosis bovina. Las garrapatas del género Boophilus, ... Babesia bovis Descriptor French: Babesia bovis Entry term(s):. Babesia bovi. bovis, Babesia. ... Babesia bovis Descriptor Spanish: Babesia bovis Spanish from Spain Descriptor. ...
Babesia [B01.043.075.600.580.070] * Babesia bovis [B01.043.075.600.580.070.100] * Babesia microti [B01.043.075.600.580.070.550] ... Babesia bovis Preferred Term Term UI T050370. Date01/01/1999. LexicalTag NON. ThesaurusID NLM (1992). ... Babesia bovis Preferred Concept UI. M0025586. Registry Number. txid5865. Scope Note. A species of protozoa that is a cause of ... Babesia bovis. Tree Number(s). B01.043.075.600.580.070.100. Unique ID. D016793. RDF Unique Identifier. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/ ...
Babesia bovis , Babesia , Babesiose , Doenças dos Bovinos , Carrapatos , Animais , Babesia/genética , Babesia bovis/genética , ... Babesia bovis , Babesiose , Doenças dos Bovinos , Animais , Bovinos , Babesia bovis/genética , Babesia bovis/metabolismo , ... Babesia bovis , Babesia , Doenças dos Bovinos , Animais , Bovinos , Babesia bovis/genética , Babesia/genética , Tailândia/ ... Babesia bovis , Babesia microti , Babesia , Babesiose , Humanos , Ovinos , Animais , Babesia/genética , Filogenia , Genômica , ...
Babesia bovis. BBOV_II004100 ClpB, putative Candida albicans. CaO19.884 similar to S. cerevisiae HSP78 (YDR258C) involved in ... Babesia bovis. BBOV_III008980 Clp amino terminal domain containing protein ...
Use of molecular markers can help to understand the genetic diversity of Babesia bovis.. Cattle babesiosis is a tick-borne ... Aiming to higher perceive essentially the most essential genetic modifications in Babesia bovis genome, associated to virulence ... and immunogenicity and ITS area have been chosen for alignment and comparability of a number of isolates of Babesia bovis from ...
Babesia bovis: A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of plastid-encoded genes supports green algal origin of apicoplasts. ...
They are Babesia Bovis and Bacillus Cereus. We know they are different because, when they manifest in the body, they are "Big" ...
B bovis Ab Ser Ql Code System Concept Status. Published. Code System Preferred Concept Name. Babesia bovis Ab [Presence] in ...
Superoxide dismutase [Fe] OS=Babesia bovis GN=SODB... [more]. SODF_STRCO. 7.210e-12. 37.89. Superoxide dismutase [Fe-Zn] 1 OS= ... Match: SODF_BABBO (Superoxide dismutase [Fe] OS=Babesia bovis GN=SODB PE=2 SV=1). HSP 1 Score: 70.8626 bits (172), Expect = ...
Babesia behnkei n. sp. is a novel species of the Duncani group maintained in isolated populations of Dipodillus dasyurus ... A novel species of Babesia was identified in two isolated populations of D. dasyurus. Phylogenetic analysis of 18S rDNA and ... The overall prevalence of Babesia spp. was highest in the Wagners gerbil (Dipodillus dasyurus; 38.7%) in comparison to the ... Morphological investigations were conducted for the comparison of trophozoites of the novel species of Babesia with the B. ...
Identification, expression and characterization of a Babesia bovis hexose transporter., Derbyshire, Elvira T., Franssen Frits J ...
Babesia bovis, Theileria annulata and Cryptosporidium parvum. Each proteome data set was firstly submitted to a functional ...
Babesia bovi use Babesia bovis Babesia bovis Babesia Infection use Babesiosis Babesia Infections use Babesiosis ...
Development of Taqman-based real-time PCR assays for diagnostic detection of Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina. Am J Trop Med ...
Molecular survey of Babesia parasites in Kenya: first detailed report on occurrence of Babesia bovis in cattle. Githaka Naftaly ...
Sığırlarda Babesia bovis ve Babesia bigemina"nın Reverse Line Blotting, Nested PCR ve Real Time PCR Teknikleri İle ...
Babesia bovisBabesia divergens • Babesia microti. Kokcidie. Cryptosporidium parvum • Cyclospora cayetanensis • Isospora ...
The top BLAST hit was for bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis), whereas the domesticated sheep (Ovis aries) or cow (Bos taurus) was ... A surprising finding was the detection of DNA from the parasites Babesia bigemina, Wuchereria bancrofti and Onchocerca ochengi ...
An amino acid substitution in the Babesia bovis dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase gene is correlated to cross- ...
Results Production of Babesia bovis infection in different ways to resist CRISPR interference rocaltrol price comparison ...
  • such as B. bovis, B. bigemina, B. divergens, and B. major, is a global disease that poses a serious threat to livestock production. (bvsalud.org)
  • It is caused by an invasive parasite-vector complex that includes the protozoan hemoparasites Babesia bovis and B. bigemina, which are transmitted among domestic cattle via Rhipicephalus tick vectors of the subgenus Boophilus. (nau.edu)
  • Although the index of suspicion should be high in areas endemic for Babesia infection, patients with babesiosis have few, if any, localizing signs to suggest the disease. (medscape.com)
  • Introduction: Live in vivo attenuated Babesia bovis vaccines produced by sequential passages in splenectomized calves have historically been used to control acute bovine babesiosis in endemic areas worldwide. (bvsalud.org)
  • Bovine babesiosis, caused by different Babesia spp. (bvsalud.org)
  • Babesia bovis infections are associated with severe disease and increased mortality in adult cattle, making it the most virulent agent of bovine babesiosis. (bvsalud.org)
  • Such strategies incorporated B. bovis proteins or whole live parasites with the latter providing the most effective prophylaxis against bovine babesiosis. (bvsalud.org)
  • Babesia bovis, an intraerythrocytic hemoprotozoan parasite, causes the most pathogenic form of bovine babesiosis, negatively impacting the cattle industry. (bvsalud.org)
  • Babesia bovis causes an acute and often fatal infection in adult cattle, which if resolved, leads to a state of persistent infection in otherwise clinically healthy cattle. (nih.gov)
  • Despite the discovery of B. bovis over a century ago, there are still no safe and effective vaccines that protect cattle against this most virulent of babesial pathogens. (nih.gov)
  • The first sections will discuss the innate immune responses by peripheral blood- and spleen-derived macrophages in cattle induced by B. bovis merozoites and their products that limit parasite replication, and comparison of natural killer cell responses in the spleens of young (resistant) and adult (susceptible) cattle. (nih.gov)
  • Human infections with A. bovis , a pathogen first identified in monocytes of cattle in Algeria in 1936 and subsequently detected in other countries in Africa, Asia, and the Americas, were reported from China in 2017 ( 1 - 3 ). (cdc.gov)
  • However, several constraints prevent the widespread use of these vaccines, including the need for several splenectomized calves to produce vaccine batches, and potential inconsistent parasite attenuation, which contraindicates their use for highly Babesia-susceptible adult cattle. (bvsalud.org)
  • In cattle, B. bovis invades the red blood cells (RBCs) and reproduces asexually. (bvsalud.org)
  • Although several studies have demonstrated that various Theileria , Babesia , Ehrlichia , and Anaplasma species circulate among sheep, goats, cattle, cervids, and humans in China, almost no data are available on the possible role of P. gutturosa as a host organism. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this study, we successfully deleted the region encoding MAR domain of the BBOV_III011730 by integrating a fusion gene of enhanced green fluorescent protein-blasticidin-S-deaminase into the genome of B. bovis. (bvsalud.org)
  • The transgenic B. bovis, lacking the MAR domain of the BBOV_III011730, invaded bovine RBCs in vitro and grew at rates similar to the parental line. (bvsalud.org)
  • Three recognized species ( Anaplasma phagocytophilum , Anaplasma ovis , and Anaplasma bovis ) and one provisionally named species ( Anaplasma capra ) are associated with moderately severe to severe disease in humans ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Humans are incidental hosts for Babesia when bitten by nymph or adult ticks. (medscape.com)
  • The agent demonstrated 100% identity across a 357-bp region of rrs to A. bovis -like sequences amplified from several human-biting Dermacentor tick species in North America ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
  • In the United States, most infections are caused by Babesia microti , a species commonly found in mice. (medscape.com)
  • Babesia species and organisms of the closely related genus Theileria parasitize the erythrocytes of wild and domestic animals.These parasites are members of the order Piroplasmida, named for the pear-shaped forms found within infected red blood cells (RBCs). (medscape.com)
  • Babesia species in the host erythrocyte range from 1 to 5 µm in length. (medscape.com)
  • In conclusion, our study revealed that the MAR domain is non-essential for the intraerythrocytic development of B. bovis in vitro. (bvsalud.org)
  • Initial molecular characterization of this novel agent reveals identity to A. bovis -like bacteria detected in Dermacentor variabilis ticks collected from multiple US states. (cdc.gov)
  • Identification, expression and characterization of a Babesia bovis hexose transporter. (univ-grenoble-alpes.fr)
  • We detected the DNA of an Anaplasma bovis -like bacterium in blood specimens from 4 patients from the United States with suspected tickborne illnesses. (cdc.gov)
  • [ 10 ] In each location, the Ixodes tick vector for Babesia is the same vector that locally transmits Borrelia burgdorferi , the agent implicated in Lyme disease. (medscape.com)
  • B. microti measures 2 × 1.5 µm, B. divergens measures 4 × 1.5 µm, and B. bovis measures 2.4 × 1.5 µm. (medscape.com)
  • Understanding the fundamental biology, host immune responses, and host-parasite interactions of Babesia parasites is critical for developing next-generation vaccines to control acute disease and parasite transmission. (bvsalud.org)
  • This systematic review analyzed available research papers on vaccine development and the associated immune responses to B. bovis. (bvsalud.org)
  • Babesia bovis parasites undergo asexual reproduction within bovine red blood cells, followed by sexual reproduction within their tick vectors, which transmit the parasite transovarially. (bvsalud.org)
  • acs-1, ama-1, β-tub, cp-2, p0, rap-1a) associated to parasite an infection and immunogenicity and ITS area have been chosen for alignment and comparability of a number of isolates of Babesia bovis from completely different geographic areas all over the world. (ja-tec.com)
  • Young animals are generally more resistant than adults to B. bovis infection, which is dependent on the spleen. (nih.gov)
  • Babesia infection is most commonly seen in the north midwestern and northeastern United States. (medscape.com)
  • Results demonstrated that Att-S74-T3Bo vaccination of adult animals (n=5) induced self-limiting signs of acute infection and protected the vaccinated animals against challenge with the homologous virulent B. bovis strain Vir-S74-T3Bo. (bvsalud.org)
  • To further characterize the phylogenetic position of this novel agent, we evaluated additional sequences to determine the uniqueness of this strain among the expanding global complex of A. bovis -like bacteria. (cdc.gov)
  • Previous work demonstrated that the culture attenuated strain Att-S74-T3Bo is non-tick transmissible and able to safely protect calves against needle challenge with a B. bovis virulent strain. (bvsalud.org)
  • Comprehensive knowledge of B. bovis biology is necessary for developing control methods. (bvsalud.org)
  • In 2015, a targeted metagenomic approach designed to amplify the V1-V2 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA ( rrs ) gene identified DNA of an A. bovis -like agent in blood specimens from 2 US patients with suspected tickborne illnesses ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
  • In addition, patients should be advised to take precautions against tick exposure and to refrain from donating blood until 2 years from the time of a reactive nucleic acid test result for Babesia. (medscape.com)
  • When they feed again on a new host, they inoculate the new host with Babesia . (medscape.com)
  • Apicomplexa tick-borne hemoparasites, including Babesia bovis, Babesia microti, and Theileria equi are responsible for bovine and human babesiosis and equine theileriosis, respectively. (nih.gov)
  • In the United States, most infections are caused by Babesia microti , a species commonly found in mice. (medscape.com)
  • B. microti measures 2 × 1.5 µm, B. divergens measures 4 × 1.5 µm, and B. bovis measures 2.4 × 1.5 µm. (medscape.com)
  • Members of the genus Babesia cause one of the most common parasitic infections worldwide in wild and domestic animals. (medscape.com)
  • If additional evidence supports the conclusion that the organism indeed constitutes a newly described species of the Babesia genus, we would favor the name Babesia venatorum, which now does not constitute an official name. (cdc.gov)
  • Babesia species and organisms of the closely related genus Theileria parasitize the erythrocytes of wild and domestic animals.These parasites are members of the order Piroplasmida, named for the pear-shaped forms found within infected red blood cells (RBCs). (medscape.com)
  • The variant erythrocyte surface antigen (VESA1) of B. bovis is a heterodimeric protein expressed on the surface of infected red blood cells. (medscape.com)
  • 12. Myosins of Babesia bovis: molecular characterisation, erythrocyte invasion, and phylogeny. (nih.gov)
  • Humans are incidental hosts for Babesia when bitten by nymph or adult ticks. (medscape.com)
  • Although the index of suspicion should be high in areas endemic for Babesia infection, patients with babesiosis have few, if any, localizing signs to suggest the disease. (medscape.com)
  • The molecular events that determine the switching mechanism in B. babesia are unknown. (medscape.com)