"Cissus" is a genus of plants in the grape family, Vitaceae. It includes around 350 species of woody vines and shrubs that are found primarily in tropical regions around the world. Some species of Cissus have been used in traditional medicine for various purposes, including wound healing and treating bone fractures. However, it is important to note that the use of these plants as a medical treatment should be done under the guidance of a healthcare professional, as they can also have side effects and interact with other medications.

Fertility agents for males are medications or supplements that are used to improve male fertility. They can work by increasing sperm count, improving sperm motility (movement), and enhancing overall sperm quality. Some examples of male fertility agents include:

1. Clomiphene citrate: This medication is typically used to treat infertility in women, but it can also be prescribed off-label for men with low sperm counts. It works by stimulating the production of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), which are important for sperm production.
2. Gonadotropins: These are hormones that can be given as injections to stimulate the testicles to produce more testosterone and sperm. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) are examples of gonadotropins used for male fertility treatment.
3. Antioxidants: Certain antioxidant supplements, such as vitamin C, vitamin E, coenzyme Q10, and L-carnitine, have been shown to improve sperm quality by reducing oxidative stress and DNA damage in sperm cells.
4. Herbal supplements: Some herbs, such as tribulus terrestris, maca root, and ashwagandha, are believed to boost male fertility by increasing testosterone levels and improving sperm count and motility. However, their effectiveness is not well-established, and they should be used with caution under the guidance of a healthcare provider.
5. Varicocele repair: In some cases, a varicocele (dilated vein in the scrotum) can contribute to male infertility by increasing the temperature around the testicles and impairing sperm production. Surgical repair of a varicocele may be recommended to improve fertility.

It is important to consult with a healthcare provider before starting any fertility treatment, as these agents may have side effects or interact with other medications. A thorough evaluation of male fertility factors, such as hormone levels, semen analysis, and physical examination, should be performed to determine the most appropriate treatment approach.

A plant extract is a preparation containing chemical constituents that have been extracted from a plant using a solvent. The resulting extract may contain a single compound or a mixture of several compounds, depending on the extraction process and the specific plant material used. These extracts are often used in various industries including pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, and food and beverage, due to their potential therapeutic or beneficial properties. The composition of plant extracts can vary widely, and it is important to ensure their quality, safety, and efficacy before use in any application.