Axons. Medical search

Bulbous enlargement of the growing tip of nerve axons and dendrites. They are crucial to neuronal development because of their pathfinding ability and their role in synaptogenesis.

Renewal or physiological repair of damaged nerve tissue.

A superorder of CEPHALOPODS comprised of squid, cuttlefish, and their relatives. Their distinguishing feature is the modification of their fourth pair of arms into tentacles, resulting in 10 limbs.

The directed transport of ORGANELLES and molecules along nerve cell AXONS. Transport can be anterograde (from the cell body) or retrograde (toward the cell body). (Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 3d ed, pG3)

The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Neurons which activate MUSCLE CELLS.

The lipid-rich sheath surrounding AXONS in both the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEMS and PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. The myelin sheath is an electrical insulator and allows faster and more energetically efficient conduction of impulses. The sheath is formed by the cell membranes of glial cells (SCHWANN CELLS in the peripheral and OLIGODENDROGLIA in the central nervous system). Deterioration of the sheath in DEMYELINATING DISEASES is a serious clinical problem.

The 2nd cranial nerve which conveys visual information from the RETINA to the brain. The nerve carries the axons of the RETINAL GANGLION CELLS which sort at the OPTIC CHIASM and continue via the OPTIC TRACTS to the brain. The largest projection is to the lateral geniculate nuclei; other targets include the SUPERIOR COLLICULI and the SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEI. Though known as the second cranial nerve, it is considered part of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

A cylindrical column of tissue that lies within the vertebral canal. It is composed of WHITE MATTER and GRAY MATTER.

Neurons of the innermost layer of the retina, the internal plexiform layer. They are of variable sizes and shapes, and their axons project via the OPTIC NERVE to the brain. A small subset of these cells act as photoreceptors with projections to the SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS, the center for regulating CIRCADIAN RHYTHM.

Extensions of the nerve cell body. They are short and branched and receive stimuli from other NEURONS.

Neuroglial cells of the peripheral nervous system which form the insulating myelin sheaths of peripheral axons.

The X-shaped structure formed by the meeting of the two optic nerves. At the optic chiasm the fibers from the medial part of each retina cross to project to the other side of the brain while the lateral retinal fibers continue on the same side. As a result each half of the brain receives information about the contralateral visual field from both eyes.

The propagation of the NERVE IMPULSE along the nerve away from the site of an excitation stimulus.

A family of proteins that mediate axonal guidance. Semaphorins act as repulsive cues for neuronal GROWTH CONES and bind to receptors on their filopodia. At least 20 different molecules have been described and divided into eight classes based on domain organization and species of origin. Classes 1 and 2 are invertebrate, classes 3-7 are vertebrate, and class V are viral. Semaphorins may be secreted (classes 2, 3, and V), transmembrane (classes 1, 4, 5, and 6), or membrane-anchored (class 7). All semaphorins possess a common 500-amino acid extracellular domain which is critical for receptor binding and specificity, and is also found in plexins and scatter factor receptors. Their C termini are class-specific and may contain additional sequence motifs.

Degeneration of distal aspects of a nerve axon following injury to the cell body or proximal portion of the axon. The process is characterized by fragmentation of the axon and its MYELIN SHEATH.

The prototypical and most well-studied member of the semaphorin family. Semaphorin-3A is an axon-repulsive guidance cue for migrating neurons in the developing nervous system. It has so far been found only in vertebrates, and binds to NEUROPILIN-1/plexin complex receptors on growth cones. Like other class 3 semaphorins, it is a secreted protein.

In tissue culture, hairlike projections of neurons stimulated by growth factors and other molecules. These projections may go on to form a branched tree of dendrites or a single axon or they may be reabsorbed at a later stage of development. "Neurite" may refer to any filamentous or pointed outgrowth of an embryonal or tissue-culture neural cell.

Neurons which conduct NERVE IMPULSES to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

The main information-processing organs of the nervous system, consisting of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges.

Sensory ganglia located on the dorsal spinal roots within the vertebral column. The spinal ganglion cells are pseudounipolar. The single primary branch bifurcates sending a peripheral process to carry sensory information from the periphery and a central branch which relays that information to the spinal cord or brain.

Specialized junctions at which a neuron communicates with a target cell. At classical synapses, a neuron's presynaptic terminal releases a chemical transmitter stored in synaptic vesicles which diffuses across a narrow synaptic cleft and activates receptors on the postsynaptic membrane of the target cell. The target may be a dendrite, cell body, or axon of another neuron, or a specialized region of a muscle or secretory cell. Neurons may also communicate via direct electrical coupling with ELECTRICAL SYNAPSES. Several other non-synaptic chemical or electric signal transmitting processes occur via extracellular mediated interactions.

The nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord, including the autonomic, cranial, and spinal nerves. Peripheral nerves contain non-neuronal cells and connective tissue as well as axons. The connective tissue layers include, from the outside to the inside, the epineurium, the perineurium, and the endoneurium.

The anterior pair of the quadrigeminal bodies which coordinate the general behavioral orienting responses to visual stimuli, such as whole-body turning, and reaching.

Factors which enhance the growth potentialities of sensory and sympathetic nerve cells.

The ten-layered nervous tissue membrane of the eye. It is continuous with the OPTIC NERVE and receives images of external objects and transmits visual impulses to the brain. Its outer surface is in contact with the CHOROID and the inner surface with the VITREOUS BODY. The outer-most layer is pigmented, whereas the inner nine layers are transparent.

Abrupt changes in the membrane potential that sweep along the CELL MEMBRANE of excitable cells in response to excitation stimuli.

A class of nerve fibers as defined by their structure, specifically the nerve sheath arrangement. The AXONS of the myelinated nerve fibers are completely encased in a MYELIN SHEATH. They are fibers of relatively large and varied diameters. Their NEURAL CONDUCTION rates are faster than those of the unmyelinated nerve fibers (NERVE FIBERS, UNMYELINATED). Myelinated nerve fibers are present in somatic and autonomic nerves.

A nervous tissue specific protein which is highly expressed in NEURONS during development and NERVE REGENERATION. It has been implicated in neurite outgrowth, long-term potentiation, SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION, and NEUROTRANSMITTER release. (From Neurotoxicology 1994;15(1):41-7) It is also a substrate of PROTEIN KINASE C.

Specialized afferent neurons capable of transducing sensory stimuli into NERVE IMPULSES to be transmitted to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Sometimes sensory receptors for external stimuli are called exteroceptors; for internal stimuli are called interoceptors and proprioceptors.

Transection or severing of an axon. This type of denervation is used often in experimental studies on neuronal physiology and neuronal death or survival, toward an understanding of nervous system disease.

The non-neuronal cells of the nervous system. They not only provide physical support, but also respond to injury, regulate the ionic and chemical composition of the extracellular milieu, participate in the BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER and BLOOD-RETINAL BARRIER, form the myelin insulation of nervous pathways, guide neuronal migration during development, and exchange metabolites with neurons. Neuroglia have high-affinity transmitter uptake systems, voltage-dependent and transmitter-gated ion channels, and can release transmitters, but their role in signaling (as in many other functions) is unclear.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action during the developmental stages of an organism.

Regularly spaced gaps in the myelin sheaths of peripheral axons. Ranvier's nodes allow saltatory conduction, that is, jumping of impulses from node to node, which is faster and more energetically favorable than continuous conduction.

Set of cell bodies and nerve fibers conducting impulses from the eyes to the cerebral cortex. It includes the RETINA; OPTIC NERVE; optic tract; and geniculocalcarine tract.

Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.

The distal terminations of axons which are specialized for the release of neurotransmitters. Also included are varicosities along the course of axons which have similar specializations and also release transmitters. Presynaptic terminals in both the central and peripheral nervous systems are included.

An enzyme isolated from horseradish which is able to act as an antigen. It is frequently used as a histochemical tracer for light and electron microscopy. Its antigenicity has permitted its use as a combined antigen and marker in experimental immunology.

Treatment of muscles and nerves under pressure as a result of crush injuries.

The developmental entity of a fertilized chicken egg (ZYGOTE). The developmental process begins about 24 h before the egg is laid at the BLASTODISC, a small whitish spot on the surface of the EGG YOLK. After 21 days of incubation, the embryo is fully developed before hatching.

ANIMALS whose GENOME has been altered by GENETIC ENGINEERING, or their offspring.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

The entire nerve apparatus, composed of a central part, the brain and spinal cord, and a peripheral part, the cranial and spinal nerves, autonomic ganglia, and plexuses. (Stedman, 26th ed)

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

Loss of functional activity and trophic degeneration of nerve axons and their terminal arborizations following the destruction of their cells of origin or interruption of their continuity with these cells. The pathology is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. Often the process of nerve degeneration is studied in research on neuroanatomical localization and correlation of the neurophysiology of neural pathways.

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

Dimeric cell surface receptor involved in angiogenesis (NEOVASCULARIZATION, PHYSIOLOGICAL) and axonal guidance. Neuropilin-1 is a 140-kDa transmembrane protein that binds CLASS 3 SEMAPHORINS, and several other growth factors. Neuropilin-1 forms complexes with plexins or VEGF RECEPTORS, and binding affinity and specificity are determined by the composition of the neuropilin dimer and the identity of other receptors complexed with it. Neuropilin-1 is expressed in distinct patterns during neural development, complementary to those described for NEUROPILIN-2.

A contactin subtype that plays a role in axon outgrowth, axon fasciculation, and neuronal migration.

The paired caudal parts of the PROSENCEPHALON from which the THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; EPITHALAMUS; and SUBTHALAMUS are derived.

The domestic cat, Felis catus, of the carnivore family FELIDAE, comprising over 30 different breeds. The domestic cat is descended primarily from the wild cat of Africa and extreme southwestern Asia. Though probably present in towns in Palestine as long ago as 7000 years, actual domestication occurred in Egypt about 4000 years ago. (From Walker's Mammals of the World, 6th ed, p801)

Refers to animals in the period of time just after birth.

The 1st cranial nerve. The olfactory nerve conveys the sense of smell. It is formed by the axons of OLFACTORY RECEPTOR NEURONS which project from the olfactory epithelium (in the nasal epithelium) to the OLFACTORY BULB.

Paired bundles of NERVE FIBERS entering and leaving the SPINAL CORD at each segment. The dorsal and ventral nerve roots join to form the mixed segmental spinal nerves. The dorsal roots are generally afferent, formed by the central projections of the spinal (dorsal root) ganglia sensory cells, and the ventral roots are efferent, comprising the axons of spinal motor and PREGANGLIONIC AUTONOMIC FIBERS.

Protein analogs and derivatives of the Aequorea victoria green fluorescent protein that emit light (FLUORESCENCE) when excited with ULTRAVIOLET RAYS. They are used in REPORTER GENES in doing GENETIC TECHNIQUES. Numerous mutants have been made to emit other colors or be sensitive to pH.

A superfamily of various freshwater CRUSTACEA, in the infraorder Astacidea, comprising the crayfish. Common genera include Astacus and Procambarus. Crayfish resemble lobsters, but are usually much smaller.

An exotic species of the family CYPRINIDAE, originally from Asia, that has been introduced in North America. They are used in embryological studies and to study the effects of certain chemicals on development.

Use of electric potential or currents to elicit biological responses.

Ovoid body resting on the CRIBRIFORM PLATE of the ethmoid bone where the OLFACTORY NERVE terminates. The olfactory bulb contains several types of nerve cells including the mitral cells, on whose DENDRITES the olfactory nerve synapses, forming the olfactory glomeruli. The accessory olfactory bulb, which receives the projection from the VOMERONASAL ORGAN via the vomeronasal nerve, is also included here.

The nervous system outside of the brain and spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system has autonomic and somatic divisions. The autonomic nervous system includes the enteric, parasympathetic, and sympathetic subdivisions. The somatic nervous system includes the cranial and spinal nerves and their ganglia and the peripheral sensory receptors.

A genus of small, two-winged flies containing approximately 900 described species. These organisms are the most extensively studied of all genera from the standpoint of genetics and cytology.

A phylum of the kingdom Metazoa. Mollusca have soft, unsegmented bodies with an anterior head, a dorsal visceral mass, and a ventral foot. Most are encased in a protective calcareous shell. It includes the classes GASTROPODA; BIVALVIA; CEPHALOPODA; Aplacophora; Scaphopoda; Polyplacophora; and Monoplacophora.

Branch-like terminations of NERVE FIBERS, sensory or motor NEURONS. Endings of sensory neurons are the beginnings of afferent pathway to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Endings of motor neurons are the terminals of axons at the muscle cells. Nerve endings which release neurotransmitters are called PRESYNAPTIC TERMINALS.

Paired bodies containing mostly GRAY MATTER and forming part of the lateral wall of the THIRD VENTRICLE of the brain.

A GLYCOINOSITOL PHOSPHOLIPID MEMBRANE ANCHOR-containing ephrin with a high affinity for the EPHA3 RECEPTOR. Early in embryogenesis it is expressed at high levels in the MESENCEPHALON; SOMITES; branchial arches, and LIMB BUDS.

The thin layer of GRAY MATTER on the surface of the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES that develops from the TELENCEPHALON and folds into gyri and sulchi. It reaches its highest development in humans and is responsible for intellectual faculties and higher mental functions.

A large family of receptor protein-tyrosine kinases that are structurally-related. The name of this family of proteins derives from original protein Eph (now called the EPHA1 RECEPTOR), which was named after the cell line it was first discovered in: Erythropoietin-Producing human Hepatocellular carcinoma cell line. Members of this family have been implicated in regulation of cell-cell interactions involved in nervous system patterning and development.

Fibers that arise from cells within the cerebral cortex, pass through the medullary pyramid, and descend in the spinal cord. Many authorities say the pyramidal tracts include both the corticospinal and corticobulbar tracts.

MYELIN-specific proteins that play a structural or regulatory role in the genesis and maintenance of the lamellar MYELIN SHEATH structure.

Involuntary contraction of the muscle fibers innervated by a motor unit. Fasciculations can often by visualized and take the form of a muscle twitch or dimpling under the skin, but usually do not generate sufficient force to move a limb. They may represent a benign condition or occur as a manifestation of MOTOR NEURON DISEASE or PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1294)

Most generally any NEURONS which are not motor or sensory. Interneurons may also refer to neurons whose AXONS remain within a particular brain region in contrast to projection neurons, which have axons projecting to other brain regions.

A GLYCOINOSITOL PHOSPHOLIPID MEMBRANE ANCHOR containing ephrin found in developing tectum. It has been shown to mediate the bundling of cortical axons and repel the axonal growth of retinal ganglia axons. It is found in a variety of adult tissues of BRAIN; HEART; and KIDNEY.

A class of large neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system. Oligodendroglia may be called interfascicular, perivascular, or perineuronal (not the same as SATELLITE CELLS, PERINEURONAL of GANGLIA) according to their location. They form the insulating MYELIN SHEATH of axons in the central nervous system.

Proteins that originate from insect species belonging to the genus DROSOPHILA. The proteins from the most intensely studied species of Drosophila, DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER, are the subject of much interest in the area of MORPHOGENESIS and development.

Set of nerve fibers conducting impulses from olfactory receptors to the cerebral cortex. It includes the OLFACTORY NERVE; OLFACTORY BULB; OLFACTORY TRACT; OLFACTORY TUBERCLE; ANTERIOR PERFORATED SUBSTANCE; and OLFACTORY CORTEX.

The developmental entity of a fertilized egg (ZYGOTE) in animal species other than MAMMALS. For chickens, use CHICK EMBRYO.

Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., WOUNDS, GUNSHOT; WHIPLASH INJURIES; etc.).

The 4th cranial nerve. The trochlear nerve carries the motor innervation of the superior oblique muscles of the eye.

The communication from a NEURON to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a SYNAPSE. In chemical synaptic transmission, the presynaptic neuron releases a NEUROTRANSMITTER that diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to specific synaptic receptors, activating them. The activated receptors modulate specific ion channels and/or second-messenger systems in the postsynaptic cell. In electrical synaptic transmission, electrical signals are communicated as an ionic current flow across ELECTRICAL SYNAPSES.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

A curved elevation of GRAY MATTER extending the entire length of the floor of the TEMPORAL HORN of the LATERAL VENTRICLE (see also TEMPORAL LOBE). The hippocampus proper, subiculum, and DENTATE GYRUS constitute the hippocampal formation. Sometimes authors include the ENTORHINAL CORTEX in the hippocampal formation.

Formation of NEURONS which involves the differentiation and division of STEM CELLS in which one or both of the daughter cells become neurons.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of the neurological system, processes or phenomena; includes the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

Nerve structures through which impulses are conducted from a peripheral part toward a nerve center.

Nerve structures through which impulses are conducted from a nerve center toward a peripheral site. Such impulses are conducted via efferent neurons (NEURONS, EFFERENT), such as MOTOR NEURONS, autonomic neurons, and hypophyseal neurons.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Transmembrane receptor for CLASS 3 SEMAPHORINS and several vascular endothelial growth factor isoforms. Neuropilin-2 functions either as a homodimer or as a heterodimer with NEUROPILIN-1. The binding affinity of neuropilin-2 varies for different class 3 semaphorin isoforms and is dependent on the composition of the dimer. The protein also forms receptor complexes with plexins and with VEGF RECEPTORS, which alters the binding characteristics of the receptor.

Slender, cylindrical filaments found in the cytoskeleton of plant and animal cells. They are composed of the protein TUBULIN and are influenced by TUBULIN MODULATORS.

The study of the generation and behavior of electrical charges in living organisms particularly the nervous system and the effects of electricity on living organisms.

The voltage differences across a membrane. For cellular membranes they are computed by subtracting the voltage measured outside the membrane from the voltage measured inside the membrane. They result from differences of inside versus outside concentration of potassium, sodium, chloride, and other ions across cells' or ORGANELLES membranes. For excitable cells, the resting membrane potentials range between -30 and -100 millivolts. Physical, chemical, or electrical stimuli can make a membrane potential more negative (hyperpolarization), or less negative (depolarization).

A class of marine annelids including sandworms, tube worms, clamworms, and fire worms. It includes also the genus Myxicola infundibulum.

The dorsal portion or roof of the midbrain which is composed of two pairs of bumps, the INFERIOR COLLICULI and the SUPERIOR COLLICULI. These four colliculi are also called the quadrigeminal bodies (TECTUM MESENCEPHALI). They are centers for visual sensorimotor integration.

Clusters of multipolar neurons surrounded by a capsule of loosely organized CONNECTIVE TISSUE located outside the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Laboratory mice that have been produced from a genetically manipulated EGG or EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.

Neurons in the OLFACTORY EPITHELIUM with proteins (RECEPTORS, ODORANT) that bind, and thus detect, odorants. These neurons send their DENDRITES to the surface of the epithelium with the odorant receptors residing in the apical non-motile cilia. Their unmyelinated AXONS synapse in the OLFACTORY BULB of the BRAIN.

The entity of a developing mammal (MAMMALS), generally from the cleavage of a ZYGOTE to the end of embryonic differentiation of basic structures. For the human embryo, this represents the first two months of intrauterine development preceding the stages of the FETUS.

Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.

The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.

Proteins from the nematode species CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS. The proteins from this species are the subject of scientific interest in the area of multicellular organism MORPHOGENESIS.

Cell adhesion molecule involved in a diverse range of contact-mediated interactions among neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and myotubes. It is widely but transiently expressed in many tissues early in embryogenesis. Four main isoforms exist, including CD56; (ANTIGENS, CD56); but there are many other variants resulting from alternative splicing and post-translational modifications. (From Pigott & Power, The Adhesion Molecule FactsBook, 1993, pp115-119)

A species of nematode that is widely used in biological, biochemical, and genetic studies.

A light microscopic technique in which only a small spot is illuminated and observed at a time. An image is constructed through point-by-point scanning of the field in this manner. Light sources may be conventional or laser, and fluorescence or transmitted observations are possible.

The synapse between a neuron and a muscle.

STILBENES with AMIDINES attached.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

A technique in which electric pulses of intensity in kilovolts per centimeter and of microsecond-to-millisecond duration cause a temporary loss of the semipermeability of CELL MEMBRANES, thus leading to ion leakage, escape of metabolites, and increased uptake by cells of drugs, molecular probes, and DNA.

A microtubule subunit protein found in large quantities in mammalian brain. It has also been isolated from SPERM FLAGELLUM; CILIA; and other sources. Structurally, the protein is a dimer with a molecular weight of approximately 120,000 and a sedimentation coefficient of 5.8S. It binds to COLCHICINE; VINCRISTINE; and VINBLASTINE.

Compounds that contain three methine groups. They are frequently used as cationic dyes used for differential staining of biological materials.

In invertebrate zoology, a lateral lobe of the FOREBRAIN in certain ARTHROPODS. In vertebrate zoology, either of the corpora bigemina of non-mammalian VERTEBRATES. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1329)

An enzyme that catalyzes reversibly the transfer of the adenylyl moiety of ATP to the phosphoryl group of NMN to form NAD+ and pyrophosphate. The enzyme is found predominantly in the nuclei and catalyzes the final reaction in the major pathway for the biosynthesis of NAD in mammals. EC 2.7.7.1.

The largest and uppermost of the paravertebral sympathetic ganglia.

Diseases characterized by loss or dysfunction of myelin in the central or peripheral nervous system.

Proteins obtained from the ZEBRAFISH. Many of the proteins in this species have been the subject of studies involving basic embryological development (EMBRYOLOGY).

The part of brain that lies behind the BRAIN STEM in the posterior base of skull (CRANIAL FOSSA, POSTERIOR). It is also known as the "little brain" with convolutions similar to those of CEREBRAL CORTEX, inner white matter, and deep cerebellar nuclei. Its function is to coordinate voluntary movements, maintain balance, and learn motor skills.

An enzyme that catalyzes the eliminative degradation of polysaccharides containing 1,4-beta-D-hexosaminyl and 1,3-beta-D-glucuronosyl or 1,3-alpha-L-iduronosyl linkages to disaccharides containing 4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl groups. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992)

Injuries to the optic nerve induced by a trauma to the face or head. These may occur with closed or penetrating injuries. Relatively minor compression of the superior aspect of orbit may also result in trauma to the optic nerve. Clinical manifestations may include visual loss, PAPILLEDEMA, and an afferent pupillary defect.

A technique that localizes specific nucleic acid sequences within intact chromosomes, eukaryotic cells, or bacterial cells through the use of specific nucleic acid-labeled probes.

Mice which carry mutant genes for neurologic defects or abnormalities.

A member of the alkali group of metals. It has the atomic symbol Na, atomic number 11, and atomic weight 23.

The movement of cells from one location to another. Distinguish from CYTOKINESIS which is the process of dividing the CYTOPLASM of a cell.

An aminoperhydroquinazoline poison found mainly in the liver and ovaries of fishes in the order TETRAODONTIFORMES, which are eaten. The toxin causes paresthesia and paralysis through interference with neuromuscular conduction.

Cell surface proteins that bind signalling molecules external to the cell with high affinity and convert this extracellular event into one or more intracellular signals that alter the behavior of the target cell (From Alberts, Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2nd ed, pp693-5). Cell surface receptors, unlike enzymes, do not chemically alter their ligands.

The posterior of the three primitive cerebral vesicles of an embryonic brain. It consists of myelencephalon, metencephalon, and isthmus rhombencephali from which develop the major BRAIN STEM components, such as MEDULLA OBLONGATA from the myelencephalon, CEREBELLUM and PONS from the metencephalon, with the expanded cavity forming the FOURTH VENTRICLE.

Electron microscopy in which the ELECTRONS or their reaction products that pass down through the specimen are imaged below the plane of the specimen.

Differentiated tissue of the central nervous system composed of NERVE CELLS, fibers, DENDRITES, and specialized supporting cells.

Common name for Carassius auratus, a type of carp (CARPS).

The capacity of the NERVOUS SYSTEM to change its reactivity as the result of successive activations.

The anterior of the three primitive cerebral vesicles of the embryonic brain arising from the NEURAL TUBE. It subdivides to form DIENCEPHALON and TELENCEPHALON. (Stedmans Medical Dictionary, 27th ed)

Ion channels that specifically allow the passage of SODIUM ions. A variety of specific sodium channel subtypes are involved in serving specialized functions such as neuronal signaling, CARDIAC MUSCLE contraction, and KIDNEY function.

The anterior subdivision of the embryonic PROSENCEPHALON or the corresponding part of the adult prosencephalon that includes the cerebrum and associated structures.

A technique for maintenance or growth of animal organs in vitro. It refers to three-dimensional cultures of undisaggregated tissue retaining some or all of the histological features of the tissue in vivo. (Freshney, Culture of Animal Cells, 3d ed, p1)

Pathologic changes that occur in the axon and cell body of a neuron proximal to an axonal lesion. The process is characterized by central chromatolysis which features flattening and displacement of the nucleus, loss of Nissl bodies, and cellular edema. Central chromatolysis primarily occurs in lower motor neurons.

The processes occurring in early development that direct morphogenesis. They specify the body plan ensuring that cells will proceed to differentiate, grow, and diversify in size and shape at the correct relative positions. Included are axial patterning, segmentation, compartment specification, limb position, organ boundary patterning, blood vessel patterning, etc.

Specialized cells in the invertebrates that detect and transduce light. They are predominantly rhabdomeric with an array of photosensitive microvilli. Illumination depolarizes invertebrate photoreceptors by stimulating Na+ influx across the plasma membrane.

A dense intricate feltwork of interwoven fine glial processes, fibrils, synaptic terminals, axons, and dendrites interspersed among the nerve cells in the gray matter of the central nervous system.

Ganglia of the sympathetic nervous system including the paravertebral and the prevertebral ganglia. Among these are the sympathetic chain ganglia, the superior, middle, and inferior cervical ganglia, and the aorticorenal, celiac, and stellate ganglia.

Part of the DIENCEPHALON inferior to the caudal end of the dorsal THALAMUS. Includes the lateral geniculate body which relays visual impulses from the OPTIC TRACT to the calcarine cortex, and the medial geniculate body which relays auditory impulses from the lateral lemniscus to the AUDITORY CORTEX.

A large subphylum of mostly marine ARTHROPODS containing over 42,000 species. They include familiar arthropods such as lobsters (NEPHROPIDAE), crabs (BRACHYURA), shrimp (PENAEIDAE), and barnacles (THORACICA).

Injuries to the PERIPHERAL NERVES.

An eph family receptor found primarily in differentiated neuronal tissues. Several isoforms of EphA5 receptor occur due to multiple alternative RNA splicing. The protein is prominently expressed in the NEURONS of the LIMBIC SYSTEM during development and throughout adult life, suggesting its role in the plasticity of limbic structure and function.

An eph family receptor found in variety of tissues including BRAIN. During embryogenesis, EphA4 receptor exhibits a diverse spatial and temporal patterns of expression suggesting its role in multiple developmental processes.

Disease or damage involving the SCIATIC NERVE, which divides into the PERONEAL NERVE and TIBIAL NERVE (see also PERONEAL NEUROPATHIES and TIBIAL NEUROPATHY). Clinical manifestations may include SCIATICA or pain localized to the hip, PARESIS or PARALYSIS of posterior thigh muscles and muscles innervated by the peroneal and tibial nerves, and sensory loss involving the lateral and posterior thigh, posterior and lateral leg, and sole of the foot. The sciatic nerve may be affected by trauma; ISCHEMIA; COLLAGEN DISEASES; and other conditions. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1363)

The resection or removal of the nerve to an organ or part. (Dorland, 28th ed)

Any of several ways in which living cells of an organism communicate with one another, whether by direct contact between cells or by means of chemical signals carried by neurotransmitter substances, hormones, and cyclic AMP.

Microscopy in which the samples are first stained immunocytochemically and then examined using an electron microscope. Immunoelectron microscopy is used extensively in diagnostic virology as part of very sensitive immunoassays.

Annelids of the class Hirudinea. Some species, the bloodsuckers, may become temporarily parasitic upon animals, including man. Medicinal leeches (HIRUDO MEDICINALIS) have been used therapeutically for drawing blood since ancient times.

The number of CELLS of a specific kind, usually measured per unit volume or area of sample.

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

Motor neurons which activate the contractile regions of intrafusal SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBERS, thus adjusting the sensitivity of the MUSCLE SPINDLES to stretch. Gamma motor neurons may be "static" or "dynamic" according to which aspect of responsiveness (or which fiber types) they regulate. The alpha and gamma motor neurons are often activated together (alpha gamma coactivation) which allows the spindles to contribute to the control of movement trajectories despite changes in muscle length.

Skeletal muscle structures that function as the MECHANORECEPTORS responsible for the stretch or myotactic reflex (REFLEX, STRETCH). They are composed of a bundle of encapsulated SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBERS, i.e., the intrafusal fibers (nuclear bag 1 fibers, nuclear bag 2 fibers, and nuclear chain fibers) innervated by SENSORY NEURONS.

Common name for the only family (Petromyzontidae) of eellike fish in the order Petromyzontiformes. They are jawless but have a sucking mouth with horny teeth.

Wormlike or grublike stage, following the egg in the life cycle of insects, worms, and other metamorphosing animals.

Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.

The founding member of the EPH FAMILY RECEPTORS. It was first cloned from an erythropoietin-producing human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line and is highly conserved among many mammalian species. Overproduction of the EphA1 receptor is associated with tumors and tumor cells of epithelial origin. It is also expressed at high levels in LIVER; LUNG; and KIDNEY; which is in contrast to many other members of the Eph receptor that are found primarily in tissues of the nervous system.

A family of membrane-associated proteins responsible for the attachment of the cytoskeleton. Erythrocyte-related isoforms of ankyrin attach the SPECTRIN cytoskeleton to a transmembrane protein (ANION EXCHANGE PROTEIN 1, ERYTHROCYTE) in the erythrocyte plasma membrane. Brain-related isoforms of ankyrin also exist.

The 3d cranial nerve. The oculomotor nerve sends motor fibers to the levator muscles of the eyelid and to the superior rectus, inferior rectus, and inferior oblique muscles of the eye. It also sends parasympathetic efferents (via the ciliary ganglion) to the muscles controlling pupillary constriction and accommodation. The motor fibers originate in the oculomotor nuclei of the midbrain.

A myelin protein found in the periaxonal membrane of both the central and peripheral nervous systems myelin sheaths. It binds to cells surface receptors found on AXONS and may regulate cellular interactions between MYELIN and AXONS.

The function of opposing or restraining the excitation of neurons or their target excitable cells.

Plant-eating orthopterans having hindlegs adapted for jumping. There are two main families: Acrididae and Romaleidae. Some of the more common genera are: Melanoplus, the most common grasshopper; Conocephalus, the eastern meadow grasshopper; and Pterophylla, the true katydid.

Cell adhesion molecules that mediate neuron-neuron adhesion and neuron-astrocyte adhesion. They are expressed on neurons and Schwann cells, but not astrocytes and are involved in neuronal migration, neurite fasciculation, and outgrowth. Ng-CAM is immunologically and structurally distinct from NCAM.

High molecular weight proteins found in the MICROTUBULES of the cytoskeletal system. Under certain conditions they are required for TUBULIN assembly into the microtubules and stabilize the assembled microtubules.

The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.

Cell surface molecules on cells of the immune system that specifically bind surface molecules or messenger molecules and trigger changes in the behavior of cells. Although these receptors were first identified in the immune system, many have important functions elsewhere.

The superficial GRAY MATTER of the CEREBELLUM. It consists of two main layers, the stratum moleculare and the stratum granulosum.

Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.

Methods used to label and follow the course of NEURAL PATHWAYS by AXONAL TRANSPORT of injected NEURONAL TRACT-TRACERS.

A transmembrane domain containing ephrin. Although originally found to be specific for the EPHB3 RECEPTOR it has since been shown to bind a variety of EPH FAMILY RECEPTORS. During embryogenesis ephrin-B3 is expressed at high levels in the ventral neural tube. In adult tissues, it is found primarily in the BRAIN and HEART.

Proteins which are involved in the phenomenon of light emission in living systems. Included are the "enzymatic" and "non-enzymatic" types of system with or without the presence of oxygen or co-factors.

Neurons which send impulses peripherally to activate muscles or secretory cells.

Contractile tissue that produces movement in animals.

Agents that emit light after excitation by light. The wave length of the emitted light is usually longer than that of the incident light. Fluorochromes are substances that cause fluorescence in other substances, i.e., dyes used to mark or label other compounds with fluorescent tags.

Family of large marine CRUSTACEA, in the order DECAPODA. These are called clawed lobsters because they bear pincers on the first three pairs of legs. The American lobster and Cape lobster in the genus Homarus are commonly used for food.

Surface ligands, usually glycoproteins, that mediate cell-to-cell adhesion. Their functions include the assembly and interconnection of various vertebrate systems, as well as maintenance of tissue integration, wound healing, morphogenic movements, cellular migrations, and metastasis.

An eph family receptor that is found primarily in adult BRAIN and variety of tissues in the developing embryo tissues. During embryonic development high levels of EphA3 receptor expression is seen in the nervous system and coincides with neuronal cell migration, suggesting a role for this protein in axonal pathfinding.

A member of the immunoglobulin superfamily of neuronal cell adhesion molecules that is required for proper nervous system development. Neural cell adhesion molecule L1 consists of six Ig domains, five fibronectin domains, a transmembrane region and an intracellular domain. Two splicing variants are known: a neuronal form that contains a four-amino acid RSLE sequence in the cytoplasmic domain, and a non-neuronal form that lacks the RSLE sequence. Mutations in the L1 gene result in L1 disease. Neural cell adhesion molecule L1 is predominantly expressed during development in neurons and Schwann cells; involved in cell adhesion, neuronal migration, axonal growth and pathfinding, and myelination.

Twelve pairs of nerves that carry general afferent, visceral afferent, special afferent, somatic efferent, and autonomic efferent fibers.

A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.

Either of two extremities of four-footed non-primate land animals. It usually consists of a FEMUR; TIBIA; and FIBULA; tarsals; METATARSALS; and TOES. (From Storer et al., General Zoology, 6th ed, p73)

An element in the alkali group of metals with an atomic symbol K, atomic number 19, and atomic weight 39.10. It is the chief cation in the intracellular fluid of muscle and other cells. Potassium ion is a strong electrolyte that plays a significant role in the regulation of fluid volume and maintenance of the WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE.

The largest portion of the CEREBRAL CORTEX in which the NEURONS are arranged in six layers in the mammalian brain: molecular, external granular, external pyramidal, internal granular, internal pyramidal and multiform layers.

A member of the nerve growth factor family of trophic factors. In the brain BDNF has a trophic action on retinal, cholinergic, and dopaminergic neurons, and in the peripheral nervous system it acts on both motor and sensory neurons. (From Kendrew, The Encyclopedia of Molecular Biology, 1994)

Study of intracellular distribution of chemicals, reaction sites, enzymes, etc., by means of staining reactions, radioactive isotope uptake, selective metal distribution in electron microscopy, or other methods.

Projection neurons in the CEREBRAL CORTEX and the HIPPOCAMPUS. Pyramidal cells have a pyramid-shaped soma with the apex and an apical dendrite pointed toward the pial surface and other dendrites and an axon emerging from the base. The axons may have local collaterals but also project outside their cortical region.

Structural abnormalities of the central or peripheral nervous system resulting primarily from defects of embryogenesis.

A class of nerve fibers as defined by their nerve sheath arrangement. The AXONS of the unmyelinated nerve fibers are small in diameter and usually several are surrounded by a single MYELIN SHEATH. They conduct low-velocity impulses, and represent the majority of peripheral sensory and autonomic fibers, but are also found in the BRAIN and SPINAL CORD.

NERVE FIBERS which project from the central nervous system to AUTONOMIC GANGLIA. In the sympathetic division most preganglionic fibers originate with neurons in the intermediolateral column of the SPINAL CORD, exit via ventral roots from upper thoracic through lower lumbar segments, and project to the paravertebral ganglia; there they either terminate in SYNAPSES or continue through the SPLANCHNIC NERVES to the prevertebral ganglia. In the parasympathetic division the fibers originate in neurons of the BRAIN STEM and sacral spinal cord. In both divisions the principal transmitter is ACETYLCHOLINE but peptide cotransmitters may also be released.

Orientation of intracellular structures especially with respect to the apical and basolateral domains of the plasma membrane. Polarized cells must direct proteins from the Golgi apparatus to the appropriate domain since tight junctions prevent proteins from diffusing between the two domains.

The organ of sight constituting a pair of globular organs made up of a three-layered roughly spherical structure specialized for receiving and responding to light.

Recording serial images of a process at regular intervals spaced out over a longer period of time than the time in which the recordings will be played back.

Cells specialized to transduce mechanical stimuli and relay that information centrally in the nervous system. Mechanoreceptor cells include the INNER EAR hair cells, which mediate hearing and balance, and the various somatosensory receptors, often with non-neural accessory structures.

The output neurons of the cerebellar cortex.

Microscopy of specimens stained with fluorescent dye (usually fluorescein isothiocyanate) or of naturally fluorescent materials, which emit light when exposed to ultraviolet or blue light. Immunofluorescence microscopy utilizes antibodies that are labeled with fluorescent dye.

Substances used to identify the location and to characterize the types of NEURAL PATHWAYS.

Electrical responses recorded from nerve, muscle, SENSORY RECEPTOR, or area of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM following stimulation. They range from less than a microvolt to several microvolts. The evoked potential can be auditory (EVOKED POTENTIALS, AUDITORY), somatosensory (EVOKED POTENTIALS, SOMATOSENSORY), visual (EVOKED POTENTIALS, VISUAL), or motor (EVOKED POTENTIALS, MOTOR), or other modalities that have been reported.

The 5th and largest cranial nerve. The trigeminal nerve is a mixed motor and sensory nerve. The larger sensory part forms the ophthalmic, mandibular, and maxillary nerves which carry afferents sensitive to external or internal stimuli from the skin, muscles, and joints of the face and mouth and from the teeth. Most of these fibers originate from cells of the TRIGEMINAL GANGLION and project to the TRIGEMINAL NUCLEUS of the brain stem. The smaller motor part arises from the brain stem trigeminal motor nucleus and innervates the muscles of mastication.

The part of the brain that connects the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES with the SPINAL CORD. It consists of the MESENCEPHALON; PONS; and MEDULLA OBLONGATA.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

The lateral of the two terminal branches of the sciatic nerve. The peroneal (or fibular) nerve provides motor and sensory innervation to parts of the leg and foot.

The network of filaments, tubules, and interconnecting filamentous bridges which give shape, structure, and organization to the cytoplasm.

NERVE GROWTH FACTOR is the first of a series of neurotrophic factors that were found to influence the growth and differentiation of sympathetic and sensory neurons. It is comprised of alpha, beta, and gamma subunits. The beta subunit is responsible for its growth stimulating activity.

A neurotrophic factor involved in regulating the survival of visceral and proprioceptive sensory neurons. It is closely homologous to nerve growth factor beta and BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR.

Morphogenesis of callosal arbors in the parietal cortex of hamsters. (1/10970)

The morphogenesis of callosal axons originating in the parietal cortex was studied by anterograde labeling with Phaseolus lectin or biocytin injected in postnatal (P) hamsters aged 7-25 days. Some labeled fibers were serially reconstructed. At P7, some callosal fibers extended as far as the contralateral rhinal fissure, with simple arbors located in the homotopic region of the opposite cortical gray matter, and two or three unbranched sprouts along their trajectory. From P7 to P13, the homotopic arbors became more complex, with branches focused predominantly, but not exclusively, in the supra- and infragranular layers of the homotopic region. Simultaneously, the lateral extension of the trunk axon in the white matter became shorter, finally disappearing by P25. Arbors in the gray matter were either bilaminar (layers 2/3 and 5) or supragranular. A heterotopic projection to the lateral cortex was consistently seen at all ages; the heterotopic arbors follow a similar sequence of events to that seen in homotopic regions. These observations document that callosal axons undergo regressive tangential remodeling during the first postnatal month, as the lateral extension of the trunk fiber gets eliminated. Radially, however, significant arborization occurs in layer-specific locations. The protracted period of morphogenesis suggests a correspondingly long plastic period for this system of cortical fibers. (+info)

Trans-synaptically induced bursts in regular spiking non-pyramidal cells in deep layers of the cat motor cortex. (2/10970)

In deep layers of the cat motor cortex, we have investigated the properties of neurons displaying trans-synaptically induced bursts. In in vivo experiments, extracellularly recorded burst neurons were separated into two subtypes based on their dependence on stimulation sites, the medullary pyramid or the ventrolateral (VL) thalamic nucleus, from which bursts of 10-20 spikes were triggered. The spike amplitude attenuation and frequency adaptation during a burst were more prominent in pyramid-dependent burst neurons than in VL-dependent burst neurons. Intracellular recordings in in vivo experiments revealed that pyramid-dependent bursts emerged from a long-lasting depolarization, while each spike during a VL-dependent burst was narrow in half-width and was followed by a fast AHP, similar to fast spiking neurons. In in vitro slice experiments, intracellular recordings were obtained from neurons that displayed a burst of attenuated spikes emerging from a long-lasting depolarization, and were also obtained from fast spiking neurons. They were morphologically recovered to be multipolar cells with sparsely spiny dendrites and local axonal networks, suggesting that they are inhibitory interneurons. The multipolar neurons displaying bursts of attenuated spikes may mediate the recurrent inhibition of pyramidal tract cells. (+info)

Central peptidergic neurons are hyperactive during collateral sprouting and inhibition of activity suppresses sprouting. (3/10970)

Little is known regarding the effect of chronic changes in neuronal activity on the extent of collateral sprouting by identified CNS neurons. We have investigated the relationship between activity and sprouting in oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (VP) neurons of the hypothalamic magnocellular neurosecretory system (MNS). Uninjured MNS neurons undergo a robust collateral-sprouting response that restores the axon population of the neural lobe (NL) after a lesion of the contralateral MNS (). Simultaneously, lesioned rats develop chronic urinary hyperosmolality indicative of heightened neurosecretory activity. We therefore tested the hypothesis that sprouting MNS neurons are hyperactive by measuring changes in cell and nuclear diameters, OT and VP mRNA pools, and axonal cytochrome oxidase activity (COX). Each of these measures was significantly elevated during the period of most rapid axonal growth between 1 and 4 weeks after the lesion, confirming that both OT and VP neurons are hyperactive while undergoing collateral sprouting. In a second study the hypothesis that chronic inhibition of neuronal activity would interfere with the sprouting response was tested. Chronic hyponatremia (CH) was induced 3 d before the hypothalamic lesion and sustained for 4 weeks to suppress neurosecretory activity. CH abolished the lesion-induced increases in OT and VP mRNA pools and virtually eliminated measurable COX activity in MNS terminals. Counts of the total number of axon profiles in the NL revealed that CH also prevented axonal sprouting from occurring. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that increased neuronal activity is required for denervation-induced collateral sprouting to occur in the MNS. (+info)

Somatic recording of GABAergic autoreceptor current in cerebellar stellate and basket cells. (4/10970)

Patch-clamp recordings were performed from stellate and basket cells in rat cerebellar slices. Under somatic voltage clamp, short depolarizing pulses were applied to elicit action potentials in the axon. After the action potential, a bicuculline- and Cd2+-sensitive current transient was observed. A similar response was obtained when eliciting axonal firing by extracellular stimulation. With an isotonic internal Cl- solution, the peak amplitude of this current varied linearly with the holding potential, yielding an extrapolated reversal potential of -20 to 0 mV. Unlike synaptic or autaptic GABAergic currents obtained in the same preparation, the current transient had a slow rise-time and a low variability between trials. This current was blocked when 10 mM BAPTA was included in the recording solution. In some experiments, the current transient elicited axonal action potentials. The current transient was reliably observed in animals aged 12-15 d, with a mean amplitude of 82 pA at -70 mV, but was small and rare in the age group 29-49 d. Numerical simulations could account for all properties of the current transient by assuming that an action potential activates a distributed GABAergic conductance in the axon. The actual conductance is probably restricted to release sites, with an estimated mean presynaptic current response of 10 pA per site (-70 mV, age 12-15 d). We conclude that in developing rats, stellate and basket cell axons have a high density of GABAergic autoreceptors and that a sizable fraction of the corresponding current can be measured from the soma. (+info)

The amyloid precursor protein interacts with Go heterotrimeric protein within a cell compartment specialized in signal transduction. (5/10970)

The function of the beta-amyloid protein precursor (betaAPP), a transmembrane molecule involved in Alzheimer pathologies, is poorly understood. We recently reported the presence of a fraction of betaAPP in cholesterol and sphingoglycolipid-enriched microdomains (CSEM), a caveolae-like compartment specialized in signal transduction. To investigate whether betaAPP actually interferes with cell signaling, we reexamined the interaction between betaAPP and Go GTPase. In strong contrast with results obtained with reconstituted phospholipid vesicles (Okamoto et al., 1995), we find that incubating total neuronal membranes with 22C11, an antibody that recognizes an N-terminal betaAPP epitope, reduces high-affinity Go GTPase activity. This inhibition is specific of Galphao and is reproduced, in the absence of 22C11, by the addition of the betaAPP C-terminal domain but not by two distinct mutated betaAPP C-terminal domains that do not bind Galphao. This inhibition of Galphao GTPase activity by either 22C11 or wild-type betaAPP cytoplasmic domain suggests that intracellular interactions between betaAPP and Galphao could be regulated by extracellular signals. To verify whether this interaction is preserved in CSEM, we first used biochemical, immunocytochemical, and ultrastructural techniques to unambiguously confirm the colocalization of Galphao and betaAPP in CSEM. We show that inhibition of basal Galphao GTPase activity also occurs within CSEM and correlates with the coimmunoprecipitation of Galphao and betaAPP. The regulation of Galphao GTPase activity by betaAPP in a compartment specialized in signaling may have important consequences for our understanding of the physiopathological functions of betaAPP. (+info)

Cellular sites for dynorphin activation of kappa-opioid receptors in the rat nucleus accumbens shell. (6/10970)

The nucleus accumbens (Acb) is prominently involved in the aversive behavioral aspects of kappa-opioid receptor (KOR) agonists, including its endogenous ligand dynorphin (Dyn). We examined the ultrastructural immunoperoxidase localization of KOR and immunogold labeling of Dyn to determine the major cellular sites for KOR activation in this region. Of 851 KOR-labeled structures sampled from a total area of 10,457 microm2, 63% were small axons and morphologically heterogenous axon terminals, 31% of which apposed Dyn-labeled terminals or also contained Dyn. Sixty-eight percent of the KOR-containing axon terminals formed punctate-symmetric or appositional contacts with unlabeled dendrites and spines, many of which received convergent input from terminals that formed asymmetric synapses. Excitatory-type terminals that formed asymmetric synapses with dendritic spines comprised 21% of the KOR-immunoreactive profiles. Dendritic spines within the neuropil were the major nonaxonal structures that contained KOR immunoreactivity. These spines also received excitatory-type synapses from unlabeled terminals and were apposed by Dyn-containing terminals. These results provide ultrastructural evidence that in the Acb shell (AcbSh), KOR agonists play a primary role in regulating the presynaptic release of Dyn and other neuromodulators that influence the output of spiny neurons via changes in the presynaptic release of or the postsynaptic responses to excitatory amino acids. The cellular distribution of KOR complements those described previously for the reward-associated mu- and delta-opioid receptors in the Acb shell. (+info)

even-skipped determines the dorsal growth of motor axons in Drosophila. (7/10970)

Axon pathfinding and target choice are governed by cell type-specific responses to external cues. Here, we show that in the Drosophila embryo, motorneurons with targets in the dorsal muscle field express the homeobox gene even-skipped and that this expression is necessary and sufficient to direct motor axons into the dorsal muscle field. Previously, it was shown that motorneurons projecting to ventral targets express the LIM homeobox gene islet, which is sufficient to direct axons to the ventral muscle field. Thus, even-skipped complements the function of islet, and together these two genes constitute a bimodal switch regulating axonal growth and directing motor axons to ventral or to dorsal regions of the muscle field. (+info)

Prior exposure to neurotrophins blocks inhibition of axonal regeneration by MAG and myelin via a cAMP-dependent mechanism. (8/10970)

MAG is a potent inhibitor of axonal regeneration. Here, inhibition by MAG, and myelin in general, is blocked if neurons are exposed to neurotrophins before encountering the inhibitor; priming cerebellar neurons with BDNF or GDNF, but not NGF, or priming DRG neurons with any of these neurotrophins blocks inhibition by MAG/myelin. Dibutyryl cAMP also overcomes inhibition by MAG/myelin, and cAMP is elevated by neurotrophins. A PKA inhibitor present during priming abrogates the block of inhibition. Finally, if neurons are exposed to MAG/myelin and neurotrophins simultaneously, but with the Gi protein inhibitor, inhibition is blocked. We suggest that priming neurons with particular neurotrophins elevates cAMP and activates PKA, which blocks subsequent inhibition of regeneration and that priming is required because MAG/myelin activates a Gi protein, which blocks increases in cAMP. This is important for encouraging axons to regrow in vivo. (+info)

In many cases, an axon originates at an axon hillock on the soma; such axons are said to have "somatic origin". Some axons with ... Axons are covered by a membrane known as an axolemma; the cytoplasm of an axon is called axoplasm. Most axons branch, in some ... In some species, axons can emanate from dendrites known as axon-carrying dendrites. No neuron ever has more than one axon; ... The axonal region or compartment, includes the axon hillock, the initial segment, the rest of the axon, and the axon ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axon

... may refer to: Axone (film), 2019 film Axone (arena), sports arena in Montbéliard, France Akhuni, a fermented Indian ... soybean product Axon (disambiguation) This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Axone. If an internal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axone

... is the eponymously-debut and only studio album by Axon Tremolo, released on July 20, 2018 by Rodentia Productions ... Axon Tremolo (digital). Axon Tremolo. Rodentia Productions. 2018.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media ( ... notes) (link) Axon Tremolo at Discogs (list of releases) Axon Tremolo at Bandcamp Axon Tremolo at iTunes (CS1 Italian-language ... Adapted from the Axon Tremolo liner notes. Axon Tremolo Daniel Vahnke - sampler, vocals (2, 3, 7, 9, 11, 13, 14) Additional ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axon_Tremolo

... grandson of John Axon the engine driver Rachael Axon (b. 1985), English footballer William Axon (1846-1913), English antiquary ... Axon is an English surname. Notable people with this surname include the following: Annemarie Carney Axon, American judge David ... Axon (1951-2012), British astrophysicist John Axon (1900-1957), English engine driver awarded the George Cross John Axon (actor ... This page lists people with the surname Axon. If an internal link intending to refer to a specific person led you to this page ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axon_(surname)

The axon hillock is a specialized part of the cell body (or soma) of a neuron that connects to the axon. It can be identified ... Once this initial action potential is initiated, principally at the axon hillock, it propagates down the length of the axon. ... In electrophysiological models, the axon hillock is included with the initial segment of the axon where membrane potentials ... while the axon hillock and initial segment of the axon have about ~100-200 voltage-gated sodium channels per square micrometre ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axon_hillock

Axon growth takes place from a region called the growth cone and reaching the axon target is accomplished with relatively few ... However, as axons approach the midline, the repellent action of Slit is suppressed by Robo-3/Rig-1 receptor. Once the axons ... Axon guidance (also called axon pathfinding) is a subfield of neural development concerning the process by which neurons send ... These axons follow a reproducible pathway, stop at intermediate targets, and branch axons at certain choice points, in the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axon_guidance

The Axon Flex and Body only record video in standard definition (SD). Axon Flex: The Axon Flex, a point-of-view camera, was ... Axon Body: In 2013, Taser released the Axon Body, a single-unit camera similar in function to the Axon Flex. It features a ... Two mobile apps integrate with the Axon cameras and Evidence.com. Axon View can be paired with an Axon body camera to review, ... Axon also offers interview room and in-car video systems, known as Axon Interview and Axon Fleet respectively. These systems, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axon_Enterprise

An axon is part of a neuron. Axon may also refer to: Corporations: Axon (company), American public safety technology company ... The Axons, an alien race from the Doctor Who adventure The Claws of Axos Peter Axon, a character in the series Psi Factor Axone ... Axon Automotive, British car manufacturer HCL Axon, British management consultants Axon Labs, American health & wellness ... disambiguation) Axion (disambiguation) This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Axon. If an internal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axon_(disambiguation)

William Edward Armytage Axon", The Times (1913) Works by or about William Axon at Wikisource Works by William Axon at Project ... Axon's second wife died in 1910. Axon for 30 years was on the literary staff of the Manchester Guardian, and for his general ... Axon died at home on 27 December 1913 and was buried at St Paul's Church in Kersal, Manchester. Axon was an ardent vegetarian ... Completed by William E. A. Axon (1891) Obituary: Dr. William Edward Armytage Axon in The Times, December 30, 1913; Issue 40407 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Axon

Axon, D. J. and Taylor, K. (1978), M82: the exploding galaxy, Nature, 274, 37. Ray, T. P.; Muxlow, T. W. B., Axon, D. J., Brown ... "David Axon's homepage, RIT Physics Faculty & Staff". Retrieved 6 April 2012. Wilson, A. S., Ward, M. J, Axon, D. J., Elvis, M ... David Axon was born in Doncaster in the county of Yorkshire, England, to an English father and Welsh mother. He studied at the ... In 1983 Axon was appointed to a faculty position at the University of Manchester where he taught Physics and carried out ...

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"The Ballad of John Axon by Ewan MacCol". Songfacts. Retrieved 19 January 2022. "John Axon (1900-1957)". Find A Grave. Retrieved ... making it very difficult and painful for Axon and the fireman, Ron Scanlon, to reach the controls. Despite this, Axon and ... Axon waved a warning to the signalman at Dove Holes, who enabled a DMU at Chapel-en-le-Frith to be moved to safety, but had no ... Axon told Scanlon to jump off and attempt to apply the wagon brakes of the loose-coupled train. Due to the speed the train was ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Axon

... is a UK-based consultancy which sells its services to customers using SAP and Oracle as their Enterprise Resource ... "HCL Axon buys UCS Group's SAP operation". "HCL shifts focus from commodity IT to business". Archived from the original on 11 ... On 7 September 2005, HCL Axon expanded its operations base in the counties of Armagh and Belfast in Northern Ireland. At the ... On 17 July 2009 HCL AXON announced the acquisition of South Africa based UCS Group's Enterprise Solutions SAP practice. On 1 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HCL_Axon

... at the Norwegian Football Federation (in Norwegian) Rachael Axon at Soccerway Rachel Axon profile at Houston Dash ... Rachael Louise Axon (born 9 November 1985) is an English footballer who plays as a midfielder. She has previously played in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rachael_Axon

The neurotransmitter molecule packages (vesicles) are created within the neuron, then travel down the axon to the distal axon ... LTP promotes formation of multiple spine synapses between a single axon terminal and a dendrite. "Axon Terminal". Medical ... of an axon. An axon, also called a nerve fiber, is a long, slender projection of a nerve cell, or neuron, that conducts ... axon terminals are separated from neighboring neurons by a small gap called a synapse, across which impulses are sent. The axon ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axon_terminal

"Axone - Original Motion Picture Soundtrack". Jio Saavn. Axone at IMDb (Use dmy dates from June 2020, Use Indian English from ... "Sayani Gupta's 'Axone' to premiere at London Film Festival". Telangana Today. "'Axone' movie preview: Of smelly ingredients and ... Axone is a 2019 Indian comedy-drama film directed by Nicholas Kharkongor and produced by Yoodlee Films, Saregama India's film ... Axone' Review: A Bit of North East in a Delhi Neighbourhood Where Racism Is a Regular Experience". The Wire. " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axone_(film)

Subsequent axon-axon interactions were also shown to be necessary, as misrouting of retinal axons led to chiasm defasciculaiton ... The second is that pioneer axons are no different from follower axons, and that they play no role in guiding follower axons. ... Pioneer axon is the classification given to axons that are the first to grow in a particular region. They originate from ... The directed growth of axons depends on structure at the end of the tip of a growing axon referred to as a growth cone. Growth ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pioneer_axon

L'Axone is an indoor arena, located in Montbéliard, France. It was inaugurated 5 April 2009. The capacity of the arena is 6,400 people. v t e (Articles lacking sources from August 2020, All articles lacking sources, Articles with short description, Short description is different from Wikidata, Infobox mapframe without OSM relation ID on Wikidata, Coordinates on Wikidata, AC with 0 elements, Use dmy dates from December 2020, Indoor arenas in France, Sports venues in Doubs, Sports venues completed in 2009, All stub articles, French sports venue stubs, Pages using the Kartographer extension ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axone_(arena)

Axon has also released two iPad apps (Axon Athletic Brain Trainer), one for baseball and the other for American Football. ... "Home , Axon Sports ab". Archived from the original on 2013-08-09. Retrieved 2013-10-23. Axon Sports Science Board, accessed 23 ... Axon's product development is guided by the neuroscientists and learning specialists on the Axon Science Board. Current board ... In 2011, Cogstate acquired the remainder of the shares of Axon Sports from Quixote Investment, making Axon a wholly owned but ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axon_Sports

The impulse then reflects down the other branch of the axon to the effector organ causing axon reflex. Axon reflexes stimulate ... The axon reflex is the spread of this impulse from the main axon to nearby blood vessels in the stimulated area of the skin. ... In the axon reflex, signaling starts in the middle of the axon at the stimulation site and transmits signals directly to the ... The axon reflex is possible through the transmission of signals from the cutaneous receptors on the skin. The axon reflex was ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axon_reflex

Axon unveiled its 100 miles per imperial gallon (2.8 L/100 km; 83 mpg‑US) hatchback on 23 May 2008 at the Sexy Green Car Show ... Official Axon Automotive website v t e (Use dmy dates from May 2017, Use British English from May 2017, Wikipedia articles in ... Axon Automotive was a British car manufacturer and car components manufacturer based in Northampton, Northamptonshire. The ... "Hatchback". Axon Automotive. Archived from the original on 27 May 2008. Retrieved 23 May 2008. "companieshouse". Retrieved 14 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axon_Automotive

The squid giant axon is the very large (up to 1.5 mm in diameter; typically around 0.5 mm) axon that controls part of the water ... Action potentials travel faster in a larger axon than a smaller one, and squid have evolved the giant axon to improve the speed ... The increased radius of the squid axon decreases the internal resistance of the axon, as resistance is inversely proportional ... While the squid axon is very large in diameter it is unmyelinated which decreases the conduction velocity substantially. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squid_giant_axon

Axon was named after his grandfather, John Axon, an engine driver who was posthumously awarded the George Cross in 1957 after ... John Axon (10 September 1960 - 25 October 2008) was an English television and stage actor. Axon trained at the Guildhall school ... Wylie, Ian (25 October 2008). "Royal star John Axon dies". Manchester Evening News. Retrieved 21 November 2008. John Axon at ... Axon collapsed and died of a suspected heart attack near his home in Stockport on 25 October 2008 at the age of 48. He was ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Axon_(actor)

... (born March 20, 1973) is a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the ... Annemarie Carney Axon at the Biographical Directory of Federal Judges, a public domain publication of the Federal Judicial ... On July 13, 2017, President Trump announced his intent to nominate Axon to serve as a United States District Judge of the ... On January 5, 2018, President Donald Trump announced his intent to renominate Axon to a federal judgeship. On January 8, 2018, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annemarie_Carney_Axon

Axon Enterprise manufactures Tasers and police-worn body cameras. In May 2018, Axon purchased its competitor in the body camera ... Axon Enterprise then filed a petition for a writ of certiorari with the Supreme Court in July 2021, which was subsequently ... In January 2020, Axon filed a lawsuit in the United States District Court for the District of Arizona, challenging the ... Axon Enterprise, Inc. v. Federal Trade Commission (Docket 21-86) is a pending United States Supreme Court case related to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axon_Enterprise,_Inc._v._Federal_Trade_Commission

... is a rare subtype of hereditary motor and sensory ... "Autosomal dominant Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2 with giant axons". "Autosomal dominant Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2 ... "Orphanet: Autosomal dominant Charcot Marie Tooth disease type 2 with giant axons". www.orpha.net. Retrieved 2022-06-19. ( ... "Ubiquitin ligase defect by DCAF8 mutation causes HMSN2 with giant axons". Neurology. 82 (10): 873-878. doi:10.1212/WNL. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autosomal_dominant_Charcot-Marie-Tooth_disease_type_2_with_giant_axons

... and properties of sodium channels within the axon all affect the threshold value. Typically in the axon or dendrite, there are ... Through use of voltage clamp techniques on a squid giant axon, they discovered that excitable tissues generally exhibit the ... Burke, D; Kiernan, Matthew C; Bostock, Hugh (2001). "Excitability of human axons". Clinical Neurophysiology. 112 (9): 1575-1585 ... Additionally, the diameter of the axon, density of voltage activated sodium channels, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Threshold_potential

The amount of axoplasm in the axon is important to the cable like properties of the axon in cable theory. In regards to cable ... To solve this problem squid axons were used as an animal model due to the relatively vast sized axons compared to humans or ... It actually proves quite difficult to isolate axons from the myelin that surrounds it, so the squid giant axon is the focus for ... When an axon is damaged, both axonal translation and retrograde axonal transport are required to propagate a signal to the soma ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axoplasm

"Look & Feel , Axon". Axon. Blackwell, Lewis. 20th Century Type. Yale University Press: 2004. ISBN 0-300-10073-6. Friedl, ... documents and logos Primary font of Axon Enterprise corporate logo and publications The Sims 4 used as a main in-game user ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benton_Sans

"Automotive composites - in touch with lighter and more flexible solutions". Axon. Axon Automotive. 1 April 2013. Archived from ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_in_white

"Editors , Axon". www.axonjournal.com.au. 2 February 2011. Retrieved 18 March 2017. Hetherington, Paul. "Text Journal" (PDF). ... He is an editor of the international journal Axon: Creative Explorations and co-founder of the International Prose Poetry ... "Issue 11: Creative Work , Axon". www.axonjournal.com.au. Retrieved 18 March 2017. Hetherington and Jen Webb, Paul (2016). Open ... He is co-founding editor of the international online journal Axon: Creative Explorations (2011-) and a founding editorial ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Hetherington

Tag Archives: Axon. ZTE Axon Pro launches at several online retailers for $449.98 unlocked. After making its official debut a ... couple of weeks ago, ZTEs new high-end Axon Pro is now available for purchase. You can snag an Axon Pro from ZTEs web store ...

https://www.tmonews.com/tag/axon/

Best ZTE Axon 7 Cases. The ZTE Axon 7 is one of the best phones around right now and is an investment worth protecting. With ... The ZTE Axon 7 is starting to show its age a bit, but it still remains a solid option for those looking for a low-cost ... When the ZTE Axon 7 first arrived on the market, most of the big case manufacturers ignored it. The good news is that things ... The Axon 7 is a gorgeous phone. With an all metal design, the subtleties make it premium and pleasant to look at. Vinve took ...

https://www.androidauthority.com/best-zte-axon-7-cases-716727/

SAN FRANCISCO - Axon, a maker of officer worn body cameras used by many United States police departments, today announced that ... The same goes for companies like Microsoft and Amazon, who also have an independent obligation to act, as Axon did today. Face ... ACLU Comment on Axons Decision to Ban Facial Recognition on Body Cameras ... ACLU Comment on Axons Decision to Ban Facial Recognition on Body Cameras ...

https://www.aclunc.org/news/aclu-comment-axon-s-decision-ban-facial-recognition-body-cameras

Soon after a nerve crush regenerating axons grow through the nerve segment distal to the lesion in close proximity to distal ... axons that are still morphologically and molecularly preserved. Hence, following the progress of regenerating axons … ... Peripheral axons can re-extend robustly after nerve injury. ... Peripheral axons can re-extend robustly after nerve injury. ... Keywords: Axon regeneration; Dorsal root ganglia (DRG); Marker of regenerating axon; NMNAT; Nerve repair; STMN2. ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24246279/?dopt=Abstract

Body-Camera Maker Axon Wont Incorporate Facial Recognition. Homeland Security Today - June 28, 2019. ...

https://www.hstoday.us/tag/axon/

View the basic AXON option chain and compare options of Axon Enterprise, Inc. on Yahoo Finance. ...

https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/AXON/options

Pages tagged with ZTE Axon 10 Pro

https://www.ubergizmo.com/tags/zte-axon-10-pro/

... were designed to welcome and adapt to ever-evolving technology needs in todays meeting spaces. Part of the Herman ... With Axon Tables, designers Naoto Fukasawa and Keiji Takeuchi brought this high-tech evolution to the conference table itself. ... Axon Tables go beyond cable management with embedded technology that makes data, voice and videoconferencing connections easy ... A research-based approach helped Axon bring order and intuitive functionality to meeting spaces. ...

https://www.hermanmiller.com/en_au/products/tables/conference-tables/axon-tables/

Our results indicate that continuous overproduction of Aβ at dendrites or axons acts locally to reduce the number and ... Wei, W., Nguyen, L., Kessels, H. et al. Amyloid beta from axons and dendrites reduces local spine number and plasticity. Nat ... Amyloid beta from axons and dendrites reduces local spine number and plasticity. *Wei Wei1 nAff4, ... Our results indicate that continuous overproduction of Aβ at dendrites or axons acts locally to reduce the number and ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/nn.2476?error=cookies_not_supported&code=95f7ccb7-1c33-4610-8d0a-ff9aa04aaf04

The board had voted 8-4 a few weeks ago to recommend Axon not proceed with a pilot of the Taser drone and had concerns about ... Axon halts its plans for a Taser drone The board had voted 8-4 a few weeks ago to recommend Axon not proceed with a pilot of ... "But Axon, on its own best timeline, isnt going to come up with anything for a couple of years. Why was it necessary to jump ... Axon halts its plans for a Taser drone as 9 on ethics board resign over the project. ...

https://www.npr.org/2022/06/06/1103285030/axon-halts-plans-for-taser-drone-as-9-on-ethics-board-resign?utm_campaign=mserdark-newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_source=Revue%20newsletter

Axon HDPro EDID Emulation TechNote Other Downloads , N/A , English * Axon HD/HD Pro CITP AutoPatch TechNote Other Downloads , N ... DMX Protocol for Axon HD and HD Pro - HD Protocol Other Downloads , N/A , English ... Axon HD/HD Pro Custom 3D OBJ using Blender Manuals , N/A , English ...

https://www.etcconnect.com/products/legacy/live-events-high-end-systems/media-servers/axonhd-hdpro.aspx

Free shipping on Warn AXON 55 Winch 101150. We are an authorized dealer, & offer a 1-year price match guarantee. ... Warn AXON 55 Winch 101150 Home > Accessories > Winches > Compact and Economy Winches > Warn AXON Powersports Winch > Warn AXON ... With a Warn AXON Powersports Winch, you can give your rig all the pulling strength it requires to keep the muddy fun going. ... The groundbreaking MotacorTM system in your Warn AXON Powersports Winch uses a motor in concert with a contactor for a fast and ...

https://www.napaonline.com/accessories/warn-axon-powersports-winch/2bedba47

ZTE Axon 7 is about to launch in the US, and now we know how much this iPhone 7-rival will cost. ... ZTE Axon 7 price. ZTE Axon 7 was built (and named) to rival the rumored Apple iPhone 7 and Samsung Galaxy Note 7 in everything ... Axon 7 costs $399, well under the usual $649, and this is a no-contract smartphone. In other words, you wont find it at a ... As we continue to test out the ZTE Axon 7, look for our hands on review to become a full review closer to the newly announced ...

https://www.techradar.com/news/phone-and-communications/mobile-phones/zte-axon-7-release-date-and-price-put-google-daydream-within-reach-1324826

Download MEDHOST AXON 2014 for iOS to the MEDHOST AXON platform delivers Emergency Department information from our industry ... The MEDHOST AXON platform delivers Emergency Department information from our industry leading EDIS application to your iPad ... The AXON platform is the foundation for accessing information today and inputting information in future releases.Your ... organization needs to have a license for MEDHOST EDIS to use AXON. If youre unsure whether you can use AXON, please contact ...

https://download.cnet.com/MEDHOST-AXON-2014/3000-2129_4-75869815.html

Tuesday, February 09, 2021 at 10:00 AM Pacific Standard Time.

https://event.on24.com/wcc/r/2965060/39DE86DF9E9204D95A6388DE43B88D0E

Axon Agent. Linux. Debian. 8.6. x86, x86_64. Q2 2018. Extended. Q2 2019. Q2 2020. ... Axon Agent. Linux. Debian. 8.7. x86, x86_64. Q2 2018. Extended. Q2 2019. Q2 2020. ... Axon Agent. Linux. Debian. 8.8. x86, x86_64. Q2 2018. Extended. Q2 2019. Q2 2020. ... Axon Agent. Linux. Debian. 8.9. x86, x86_64. Q2 2018. Extended. Q2 2019. Q2 2020. ...

https://www.tripwire.com/legal/support-maintenance/policy/tripwire-log-center-axon-platform-support

If so, would you donate so it can continue? Help provide a platform for me and other scientists to keep telling the truth about Darwin and intelligent design in 2023. We rely completely on readers like you to make our articles possible. Can I count on your support?. Günter Bechly, PhD ...

https://evolutionnews.org/tag/axon/

... sent a letter today urging the ethics board of police technology and weapons developer Axon to hold the company accountable to ... All of Axons digital technologies require ethical review. With these guidelines, we urge Axons Ethics Board to steer the ... Axon, based in Scottsdale, Arizona, is responsible for making and selling some of the most used police products in the United ... Similarly, we urge Axons ethical review process to include the voices of those most impacted by its technologies: ...

https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2018/04/axons-ethics-board-must-keep-company-check

Axon Enterprise, Inc. v. FTC] a case on whether the Federal Trade Commissions administrative proceedings violates businesses ... Axon Enterprise, Inc. v. FTC] a case on whether the Federal Trade Commissions administrative proceedings violates businesses ... Axon Enterprise, Inc. v. Federal Trade Commission Oral Argument. 837 Views Program ID:. 523325-1. Category:. Public Affairs ... The Supreme Court heard oral argument in Axon Enterprise, Inc. v. FTC a case on whether the Federal Trade Commissions ...

https://www.c-span.org/video/?523325-1/axon-enterprise-inc-v-federal-trade-commission-oral-argument

Axon recruits duo for director jobs. From PR Week ... Axon recruits duo for director jobs Axon Communications has ...

https://www.prweek.com/article/597512/axon-recruits-duo-director-jobs

AXON:XNAS) stock has performed compared to similar stocks in the same industry on a daily, quarterly, and monthly basis. ... Stay up to date on how Axon Enterprise Inc ( ...

https://www.morningstar.com/stocks/xnas/axon/trailing-returns

In applying the Supreme Courts Thunder Basin precedent, the Ninth Circuit focused almost exclusively on whether Axon can ...

https://www.wlf.org/case/axon-v-ftc/

Big Kids Saucony Axon Sneaker Sale Price $30.95 Sale Original price: $50.00 2022-12-04T04:12:03.504Z 2023-12-04T04:12:03.504Z ... Big Kids Saucony Axon Sneaker Sale Price $30.95 Sale Original price: $50.00 2022-12-04T04:12:03.707Z 2023-12-04T04:12:03.707Z ... https://www.onlineshoes.com/US/en/axon-sneaker/50654K.html Saucony 50654K Shoes brands brands-saucony Sneakers Sneakers / ...

https://www.onlineshoes.com/US/en/axon-sneaker/50654K.html

Axon Appoints Bruno Martensson to its sales team. ... Bruno Martensson Strengthens AXON Sales Team. Axon Appoints ... About Axon. Headquartered in The Netherlands, and with offices across the world, Axon develops, manufactures and markets high ... Axon Digital Design, the broadcast infrastructure specialist, has strengthened its European sales team with the appointment of ... "We are delighted to welcome Bruno into our team," says Harry Kanters, Axons Director of Marketing & Sales. "Bruno is the third ...

https://www.svconline.com/the-wire/bruno-martensson-strengthens-axon-sales-team-402787

4). Akt was expressed in axons in the normal sciatic nerve (Fig. 4G-I) and in the regenerating axons following injury (Fig. 4J- ... Only 10% of axons may reconnect to targets after a transection injury (Witzel et al., 2005). Many constraints on axon regrowth ... 2008) Promoting axon regeneration in the adult CNS by modulation of the PTEN/mTOR pathway. Science 322:963-966. ... 2G-I). PTEN was expressed in axons (Fig. 2J-L) and Schwann cells (SCs, data not shown) within normal sciatic nerve. Following ...

https://www.jneurosci.org/content/30/27/9306?ijkey=cc23b07827e9aff60bcf2a736df480c11c3f468b&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

ZTE Axon 10 Pro 5G, TCL 10 Pro: especificaciones y comparación de velocidad ... ZTE Axon 10 Pro 5G vs. TCL 10 Pro Especificaciones & Velocidad Benchmarks. Capacidad de la batería (mAh). Superior es mejor ... Axon 10 Pro 5G (2020). TCL 10 Pro (2020), Precio: 449 USD. ... Axon 10 Pro 5G vs. Oppo Reno 5G. Axon 10 Pro 5G vs. TCL 10 Pro ... Axon 10 Pro 5G vs. Huawei P30 Pro. ... Axon 10 Pro 5G. 10 Pro. Categoría de LTE (descargar). LTE CAT6 ...

https://www.ubergizmo.com/products/lang/es_es/devices/zte-axon-10-pro-5g,tcl-10-pro/

ZTE unveils Axon 10s Pro with Snapdragon 865. by Brad Linder. 12/16/2019. 12/16/2019. 1 Comment on ZTE unveils Axon 10s Pro ... Tagged: china, smartphones, snapdragon 865, zte, zte axon 10s pro. Post navigation. Previous The only Cortana-powered smart ... The ZTE Axon 10 Pro was one the best value flagship of 2019, going for ~$550 USD.. However, that was mostly localised for China ... In terms of software, the Axon 10S Pro will ship with a new version of ZTEs MiFavor UI based on Android 10. It has a system- ...

https://liliputing.com/zte-unveils-axon-10s-pro-with-snapdragon-865/

Well in any case, this pack will still let you use the Axon texture on Xan, and also lets you use the Axon texture on any Axon/ ... Ive always seen Axon that way, with the xan texture. I tried deleting the new upls, and but I see the new texture on them, at ... 1. Name: Axon Restored 2. Version: 1.0, Most likely final.. 3. Compatibility: ut2004 w/latest patches. 4. Description: As some ... For that matter, I think Xan looks better with Axons texture too.. The nice thing about the original texture is that it makes ...

https://forums.epicgames.com/unreal-tournament-2003-2004/user-maps-mods/beta-releases/168825-axon-with-restored-original-texture

Plus, Axon Body 2 is part of the growing Axon platform that connects cloud, mobile, and wearable technologies, offering you a ...

https://www.policemag.com/369278/axon-body-2-5

2022-11-07T10:05:58-05:00 https://ximage.c-spanvideo.org/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJwaWN0dXJlcy5jLXNwYW52aWRlby5vcmciLCJrZXkiOiJGaWxlc1wvOTc1XC8wMTBcLzE2Njc4MzM1MjNfMDEwLmpwZyIsImVkaXRzIjp7InJlc2l6ZSI6eyJmaXQiOiJjb3ZlciIsImhlaWdodCI6NTA2fX19 The Supreme Court heard oral argument in Axon Enterprise, Inc. v. FTC a case on whether the Federal Trade Commission's administrative proceedings violates businesses' Fifth Amendment rights to due process. (c-span.org)

In this work, we addressed PTEN expression in peripheral neurons and axons and whether it constrains the intrinsic regenerative capacity of peripheral neurons both in vitro and in vivo . (jneurosci.org)
Here we show that single presynaptic axons form multiple, spatially clustered inputs onto the distal, but not proximal, dendrites of CA1 pyramidal neurons. (yale.edu)
and the synapses at the end of the axon, where information is passed on to the dendrites of other neurons. (elifesciences.org)
To use an analogy that may soon be redundant in the era of cell phones, axons are to neurons what telephone cables are to land-line phones. (elifesciences.org)
a specific loss of axons in the white matter affects brain functions such as memory or vision, even though the cell bodies of neurons may still be intact. (elifesciences.org)
According to the new findings, each formation of plaque can cause an accumulation of spheroid-shaped swellings along hundreds of axons-the thin cellular wires that connect the brain's neurons-near amyloid plaque deposits. (androidizer.com)
We have identified a potential signature of Alzheimer's which has functional repercussions on brain circuitry, with each spheroid having the potential to disrupt activity in hundreds of neuronal axons and thousands of interconnected neurons," says Jaime Grutzendler, professor of neurology and neuroscience at the Yale School of Medicine and senior author of the study. (androidizer.com)
This, in turn, normalized the electrical conduction of axons and improved the function of neurons in the brain regions linked by these axons. (androidizer.com)
During embryonic development, GnRH neurons migrate along olfactory and vomeronasal axons through the nose into the brain, where they project to the median eminence to release GnRH. (ucl.ac.uk)
Axons are specialized extensions of nerve cells (neurons) that transmit nerve impulses. (medlineplus.gov)
These giant axons do not transmit signals properly and eventually deteriorate, resulting in the death of neurons. (medlineplus.gov)
The main problem turned out to be the degeneration of axons, the long projections that conduct impulses away from neurons. (salk.edu)

LogRhythm has unveiled LogRhythm Axon, a cloud-native security operations platform. (helpnetsecurity.com)
LogRhythm Axon provides a force multiplier to security teams who are expected to confidently, effectively, and efficiently defend against cyberattacks. (helpnetsecurity.com)
With LogRhythm Axon, SIEM, NDR, and UEBA, we are helping busy and lean security teams proactively detect threats, efficiently investigate incidents, and ultimately keep their business and customers safe, day after day. (helpnetsecurity.com)
LogRhythm Axon furthers the company's commitment to becoming a trusted security partner to customers and partners by ensuring their security operations teams have visibility to secure their environments. (helpnetsecurity.com)

The company has already started showing off the upcoming ZTE Axon 10s Pro that's expected to ship in early 2020 for around $450 and up (at least in ZTE's home country of China). (liliputing.com)

1 . Bloss EB, Cembrowski MS, Karsh B, Colonell J, Fetter RD, Spruston N (2018) Single excitatory axons form clustered synapses onto CA1 pyramidal cell dendrites. (yale.edu)

This photo provided by Axon Enterprise depicts a conceptual design through a computer-generated rendering of a taser drone. (npr.org)
The Supreme Court heard oral argument in Axon Enterprise, Inc. v. FTC a case on whether the Federal Trade Commission 's administrative proceedings violates businesses' Fifth Amendment rights to due process. (c-span.org)
Axon Strategic Account Executives are responsible for selling Axon products and services to mid-size to enterprise customers. (greenhouse.io)

Moreover, following severe nerve transection injuries, local pharmacological inhibition of PTEN or siRNA knockdown of PTEN at the injury site accelerated axon outgrowth in vivo . (jneurosci.org)

Axon diameter (AD) determines the conduction velocity (CV) of signals along myelinated axons and acts as an indicator of brain performance. (esrf.fr)
Persistent reduction of conduction velocity and myelinated axon damage in vibrated rat tail nerves. (cdc.gov)
To understand persistence of vibration injury, the present study examined recovery of nerve conduction velocity and structural damage of myelinated axons in a rat tail vibration model. (cdc.gov)

Optic atrophy is the final common morphologic endpoint of disease process that causes degeneration of axons of the ganglion cells. (medscape.com)

Symptoms of the disorder first become apparent in the peripheral nervous system, in which long axons connect the brain and spinal cord (central nervous system) to muscles and to sensory cells that detect sensations such as touch, pain, heat, and sound. (medlineplus.gov)
Motor problems such as ataxia may be the most obvious manifestation because the aggregates appear in the long axons of the spinal cord. (salk.edu)
[9] The majority of red nucleus axons do not project to the spinal cord but, via its parvocellular part, relay information from the motor cortex to the cerebellum through the inferior olivary complex , an important relay center in the medulla . (wikipedia.org)

bulbs are consistent with earlier studies in nonhuman primates and rodents that demonstrated that intranasally instilled solid UFP translocate along axons of the olfactory nerve into the CNS. (cdc.gov)

2012b), we report that SCG10 accumulates in the proximal axons within an hour after injury, leading to a rapid identification of the lesion site. (nih.gov)
Retrograde degeneration - Degeneration starts from the proximal portion of the axon and proceeds toward the optic disc (eg, optic nerve compression by intracranial tumor). (medscape.com)

With the Axon security operations platform, log collection and enrichment are intuitive by design, making it easy to search for, analyze, and report on potential threats, and to meet SOC requirements. (helpnetsecurity.com)

The ZTE Axon 7 is starting to show it's age a bit, but it still remains a solid option for those looking for a low-cost flagship optionwith little to no compromise. (androidauthority.com)
But this year the company returned to the flagship smartphone space with the ZTE Axon 10 Pro , and early next year the company plans to release an updated model with a Qualcomm Snapdragon 865 processor and 5G support. (liliputing.com)
In addition to featuring Qualcomm's latest flagship smartphone processor, the Axon 10s Pro will sport LPDDR5 memory, UFS 3.0 storage, and an updated version of ZTE's MiFavor software (which is based on Android 10. (liliputing.com)
The ZTE Axon 10 Pro was one the best value flagship of 2019, going for ~$550 USD. (liliputing.com)
ZTE today introduced its next smartphone, the Axon 7 Mini, which is a smaller and lesser powered take on the flagship Axon 7. (androidguys.com)

Peripheral axons can re-extend robustly after nerve injury. (nih.gov)

Recently, Axon Framework 2.1 has been released. (trifork.com)
Axon Framework Release Party 2.0 great succes! (trifork.com)
During this seminar, visitors will be introduced to CQRS and Axon Framework, of which version 2 was released just a few weeks ago. (trifork.com)
Axon Framework 2.0 Released! (trifork.com)
After laying the ground work for this release about a year ago, we now proudly announce the next major release of Axon Framework! (trifork.com)
Some people on the Axon Framework mailing list were asking for more basic samples, preferably using something like vert.x. (trifork.com)
Therefore I have created a very basic application based on vert.x using the Axon Framework. (trifork.com)
At Orange11 we have been working on a sample for the Axon Framework. (trifork.com)
In particular, gigaxonin plays a role in the breakdown of neurofilaments, which comprise the structural framework that establishes the size and shape of axons. (medlineplus.gov)
They start out small, initially causing few or no symptoms, but as they built up in the axons, they begin to destroy the cytoskeleton, the internal framework of the cells, increasingly interfering with the transmission of signals from the nerve cells. (salk.edu)

After making its official debut a couple of weeks ago, ZTE's new high-end Axon Pro is now available for purchase. (tmonews.com)
In terms of software, the Axon 10S Pro will ship with a new version of ZTE's MiFavor UI based on Android 10. (liliputing.com)

Like telephone cables, axons transmit information over long distances as electrical signals called action potentials (which are based on differences in the concentrations of certain ions inside and outside the neuron). (elifesciences.org)
Yet, the energy use of the white matter is still poorly understood, as it has been difficult to measure the exact amount of ATP consumption during the generation of action potentials in the axons. (elifesciences.org)
On the other hand, when the ATP production was interrupted, action potentials in the axons declined and progressively failed, because they did not spread as effectively. (elifesciences.org)

Headquartered in The Netherlands, and with offices across the world, Axon develops, manufactures and markets high quality broadcast equipment for the conversion, processing and compliance recording of audio and video signals. (svconline.com)
This impacts the non-invasive investigation of axon diameter with diffusion MRI and challenges current knowledge of how axons conduct signals. (esrf.fr)
The structure of axons, the brain's communication cables, affects how fast signals are conducted in the brain network. (esrf.fr)
By also quantifying the thickness of the signal-boosting myelin sheath, it could be shown that the diameter changes of axons impact the conduction velocities along them, challenging current knowledge of how axons communicate signals. (esrf.fr)
It may be possible to eliminate this breakdown of the electrical signals in axons by targeting PLD3 or other molecules that regulate lysosomes, independent of the presence of plaques," Grutzendler says. (androidizer.com)

Here, we show that axonal levels of superior cervical ganglion 10 (SCG10) are dynamically regulated after axonal injury and provide an efficient method to label regenerating axons. (nih.gov)
Looking ahead, the geometrical characterisations of the axons obtained from the XNH volumes could act as axonal 'fingerprints' to guide the development and validation of diffusion MRI methods for more accurate in-vivo AD estimation. (esrf.fr)
The neurofilaments become densely packed in the giant axons of people with giant axonal neuropathy. (medlineplus.gov)

Audio Damage has introduced Axon 2 - a major update to its AI-driven FM percussion plugin. (synthtopia.com)

However, when a neuron is stimulated, various ions suddenly travel into or out of the neuron, changing this voltage and creating an action potential that travels along the axon. (elifesciences.org)
The secreted glycoprotein SEMA3A binds its receptors neuropilin (NRP) 1 or NRP2 to position these axons for correct GnRH neuron migration, with an additional role for the NRP co-receptor PLXNA1. (ucl.ac.uk)
Here, we show that only the combined loss of PLXNA1 and PLXNA3 phenocopied the full spectrum of nasal axon and GnRH neuron defects of SEMA3A knockout mice. (ucl.ac.uk)

Axon 7 costs $399, well under the usual $649, and this is a no-contract smartphone. (techradar.com)

In an analysis of thousands of transmission electron microscopy images of corpus callosum cross-sections, diffuse loss of myelin and patchy axons were visible after 2 weeks of cuprizone-induced demyelination, but for animals treated with CNM-Au8, there was "striking, visible evidence of ongoing myelin protection," Hotchkin said in an interview. (medscape.com)
Upon exiting the eye ball, the axons are covered with myelin sheath provided by oligodendrocytes.Once injured they do not regenerate. (medscape.com)

The increase in SCG10 levels is maintained during axon regeneration after nerve crush or nerve repair and allows for more selective labeling of regenerating axons than the commonly used markers growth-associated protein 43 (GAP43) and YFP. (nih.gov)
In a mouse model of slow Wallerian degeneration, SCG10 labeling remains selective for regenerating axons and allows for a quantitative analysis of delayed regeneration in this mutant. (nih.gov)
Taken together, these data demonstrate the utility of SCG10 as an efficient and selective marker of sensory axon regeneration. (nih.gov)
Overall, these findings identify a novel route to propagate intrinsic regeneration pathways within axons to benefit nerve repair. (jneurosci.org)

Soon after a nerve crush regenerating axons grow through the nerve segment distal to the lesion in close proximity to distal axons that are still morphologically and molecularly preserved. (nih.gov)
In contrast to the rapid loss of SCG10 in distal axons (Shin et al. (nih.gov)

Our results indicate that continuous overproduction of Aβ at dendrites or axons acts locally to reduce the number and plasticity of synapses. (nature.com)
The cell bodies, dendrites and synapses are located in the gray matter of the brain, while axons make up the white matter. (elifesciences.org)

Could swelling on axons cause Alzheimer's disease? (androidizer.com)

ZTE Axon M Wallpapers for android, a regular looking android phone with some power under the hood. (androidwallpapercentral.com)

SCG10 is preferentially expressed in regenerating sensory axons rather than motor axons in the sciatic nerve. (nih.gov)

The Chinese brand ZTE is not matching this with its new over-the-top phone edition, called the ZTE Axon 30 Ultra Aerospace Edition. (phonearena.com)
The ZTE Axon 30 Ultra Aerospace Edition celebrates the success of The China National Space Administration. (phonearena.com)
This virtual RAM trick will also apply to the non-Ultra, non-Aerospace ZTE Axon 5G - this model will also be able to hit 20GB with the help of 8GB of virtual RAM (in addition to its 12GB physical RAM capacity). (phonearena.com)
The normal ZTE Axon 30 Ultra costs CNY6,666 (a little over $1,000), so expect the Aerospace Edition to top that. (phonearena.com)
ZTE Axon 30 and Axon 30 Ultra starting Black Friday early! (phonearena.com)
?? ??? ZTE ?????????? ??? ????? ?????? Axon 30 Ultra, ?????? ???????????? Aerospace Edition. (mobiltelefon.ru)

Axone / Canadian Association of Neurological and Neurosurgical Nurses. (bvs.br)

EFF, together with 41 national, state, and local civil rights and civil liberties groups, sent a letter today urging the ethics board of police technology and weapons developer Axon to hold the company accountable to the communities its products impact-and to itself. (eff.org)
Axon, based in Scottsdale, Arizona, is responsible for making and selling some of the most used police products in the United States, including tasers and body-worn cameras. (eff.org)
Axon is now considering developing and incorporating into existing products new technologies like face recognition and artificial intelligence. (eff.org)
As we noted in the letter, "Axon has a responsibility to ensure that its present and future products, including AI-based products, don't drive unfair or unethical outcomes or amplify racial inequities in policing. (eff.org)
We hope its members will listen to our requests and hold Axon accountable for its products. (eff.org)

WASHINGTON - Axon, the company best known for developing the Taser, said Monday it was halting plans to develop a Taser-equipped drone after a majority of its ethics board resigned over the controversial project. (npr.org)

Unlike other providers, Axon is a brand-new cloud-native platform - built from the ground up and incorporating years of cybersecurity experience. (helpnetsecurity.com)

Over time, protein aggregates (shown in green) accumulate in the axons of MOCA-deficient mice. (salk.edu)

It is also a potential biomarker of some neurodegenerative diseases, such as Multiple Sclerosis, that selectively damage certain sizes of axons. (esrf.fr)

Tiling of r7 axons in the Drosophila visual system is mediated both by transduction of an activin signal to the nucleus and by mutual repulsion. (bvsalud.org)

View Axon product dimensions, materials and product options. (hermanmiller.com)
We are dedicated to helping customers meet rising security expectations by keeping our promise of delivering quarterly innovation to both the Axon platform as well as our entire product portfolio. (helpnetsecurity.com)
With its robust technology platform, comprehensive functional capabilities, and compelling product strategy and roadmap, Axon Ivy is well-positioned to expand its market share in the global iBPMS market. (axonivy.com)

In a genetic screen based on an R7-dependent behavior , we identified the Activin receptor Baboon and the nuclear import adaptor Importin -alpha3 as being required to prevent R7 axon terminals from overlapping with the terminals of R7s in neighboring columns. (bvsalud.org)

That's good news because we already played with and liked the ZTE Axon 7 in our hands on review, even without Google's VR ecosystem involved yet. (techradar.com)

If you have a disability or special need that requires assistance or accommodation during the application or the recruiting process, please email [email protected] . (greenhouse.io)
For information about sponsorships or becoming a sponsor of TASERCON, please email [email protected] . (police1.com)

This specifically localized glycolytic machinery may supply constant energy, independent of mitochondria, for the processive movement of vesicles over long distances in axons. (nih.gov)

In addition to Axon, LogRhythm is launching enhancements to its LogRhythm SIEM Platform, NDR, and UEBA solutions. (helpnetsecurity.com)

According to Quadrant Knowledge Solutions 'Axon Ivy helps organizations rapidly digitize and automate business processes. (axonivy.com)

In the Drosophila visual system, each R7 photoreceptor axon projects within a single column to a specific layer of the optic lobe. (bvsalud.org)

As some of you know, I've been working on a wireframe skinpack, and in the first release I didn't include Xan or Axon because the abdomen texture can't be changed with a normal upl file. (epicgames.com)
So while browsing the various texture packages and animations, I found the original abdomen texture file for Axon. (epicgames.com)
5. Comments: package includes option to replace Axon with the restored texture, or to use the restored texture version as a new character. (epicgames.com)
I've always seen Axon that way, with the xan texture. (epicgames.com)
So I take it that on most computers people already see the Axon abdomen texture? (epicgames.com)
Well in any case, this pack will still let you use the Axon texture on Xan, and also lets you use the Axon texture on any Axon/Xan skins you may have downloaded. (epicgames.com)

In addition to Axon and Telescan, other vendors present were TASBill.com (providing bill printing and distribution services, plus general printing and call center services), DB Masters (billing software), and ICG Communications (a CLEC serving more that 20 major markets in the United States). (connectionsmagazine.com)
Ron Kritzman, from DB Masters, concluded the day with an informative discussion on using an Axon remote position, how to better manage the Axon system's database, and his billing software. (connectionsmagazine.com)

SAN FRANCISCO - Axon, a maker of officer worn body cameras used by many United States police departments, today announced that it will not add facial recognition systems to those devices. (aclunc.org)

In applying the Supreme Court's Thunder Basin precedent, the Ninth Circuit focused almost exclusively on whether Axon can receive meaningful judicial review of its challenge to the FTC's structure. (wlf.org)
Life at Axon is fast-paced, challenging and meaningful. (greenhouse.io)

The capabilities and enhanced workflows in Axon will greatly reduce the administrative burden on my team for onboarding new sources and running daily investigations. (helpnetsecurity.com)

Larger axons disintegrate more rapidly than smaller axons. (medscape.com)

For a current list of Registries and Registry contact information, please visit https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/registries/registries-agreements-en and https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/listing-2012-02-25-en , respectively. (icann.org)

Because of this, compiled with staggering statistics on officer health and life expectancy, Axon has created TASERCON to be an expression of its commitment to the importance of whole officer training and wellness. (police1.com)
TASERCON focuses on the whole officer - not just on-the-job tools and tactics," says Andy Wrenn, Head of Axon Training. (police1.com)

Further, the researchers discovered that a protein in lysosomes called PLD3 caused these organelles to grow and clump together along axons, eventually leading to the swelling of axons and the breakdown of electrical conduction. (androidizer.com)
Eventually the affected axons die, followed by the death of the nerve cell itself. (salk.edu)

Axon Digital Design, the broadcast infrastructure specialist, has strengthened its European sales team with the appointment of Bruno Martensson as Sales Director for all Nordic countries. (svconline.com)
The latest 32 bit technology is utilized within the Axon design, incorporating new features such as 3 Bank Sets, Intelligent Vibration Analysis, & Governor functions for electric, nitro, & gasoline helicopters. (hobbytown.com)

c) The trajectory variations of the axons were quantified in terms of the angle of segments of length L from the main axon direction. (esrf.fr)

called giant axons. (medlineplus.gov)

Imaging ATP in axons reveals that they rely on glucose from the blood and lactate produced by glial cells as sources of energy. (elifesciences.org)

Ability to articulate complex solutions, build and maintain senior level relationships, navigate across customer agencies / units, and lead the Axon team to success is required. (greenhouse.io)

A research-based approach helped Axon bring order and intuitive functionality to meeting spaces. (hermanmiller.com)
Out of the gate, Axon provides an easy and intuitive way for security teams to achieve seamless visibility across both cloud and on-prem log sources, establishing a foundation for their security practices. (helpnetsecurity.com)

Cells, blood vessels and vacuoles could be segmented and quantified within this volume ( Figure 1a ), demonstrating the intricate architecture of WM in which the cell clusters aligned either with the main direction of the axons, or were anchored to the blood vessels. (esrf.fr)

The MEDHOST AXON platform delivers Emergency Department information from our industry leading EDIS application to your iPad allowing ED physicians to view mission critical information in real time. (cnet.com)
The AXON platform is the foundation for accessing information today and inputting information in future releases.Your organization needs to have a license for MEDHOST EDIS to use AXON. (cnet.com)
Plus, Axon Body 2 is part of the growing Axon platform that connects cloud, mobile, and wearable technologies, offering you a complete end-to-end solution. (policemag.com)
Axon Ivy is recognized by major industry analysts such as Forrester Research, Gartner and Quadrant Knowledge Solutions as a leading platform for complex process automation. (axonivy.com)
Axon Ivy is a good platform for complex or adaptive case handling. (axonivy.com)

Property Job Overview: Axon Moore are working on behalf of a high gro. (gaapweb.com)

Anatomy93

Organisms27

Diseases11

Chemicals and Drugs68

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment25

Phenomena and Processes28

Disciplines and Occupations3

Information Science2

Morphogenesis of callosal arbors in the parietal cortex of hamsters. (1/10970)

Trans-synaptically induced bursts in regular spiking non-pyramidal cells in deep layers of the cat motor cortex. (2/10970)

Central peptidergic neurons are hyperactive during collateral sprouting and inhibition of activity suppresses sprouting. (3/10970)

Somatic recording of GABAergic autoreceptor current in cerebellar stellate and basket cells. (4/10970)

The amyloid precursor protein interacts with Go heterotrimeric protein within a cell compartment specialized in signal transduction. (5/10970)

Cellular sites for dynorphin activation of kappa-opioid receptors in the rat nucleus accumbens shell. (6/10970)

even-skipped determines the dorsal growth of motor axons in Drosophila. (7/10970)

Prior exposure to neurotrophins blocks inhibition of axonal regeneration by MAG and myelin via a cAMP-dependent mechanism. (8/10970)

Growth Cones

Nerve Regeneration

Decapodiformes

Axonal Transport

Neurons

Motor Neurons

Myelin Sheath

Optic Nerve

Nerve Tissue Proteins

Spinal Cord

Retinal Ganglion Cells

Dendrites

Schwann Cells

Optic Chiasm

Neural Conduction

Semaphorins

Wallerian Degeneration

Semaphorin-3A

Neurites

Neurons, Afferent

Central Nervous System

Ganglia, Spinal

Synapses

Peripheral Nerves

Superior Colliculi

Nerve Growth Factors

Retina

Action Potentials

Nerve Fibers, Myelinated

GAP-43 Protein

Sensory Receptor Cells

Axotomy

Neuroglia

Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental

Ranvier's Nodes

Visual Pathways

Microscopy, Electron

Presynaptic Terminals

Horseradish Peroxidase

Nerve Crush

Chick Embryo

Animals, Genetically Modified

Cells, Cultured

Nervous System

Immunohistochemistry

Nerve Degeneration

Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Neuropilin-1

Contactin 2

Diencephalon

Cats

Animals, Newborn

Olfactory Nerve

Spinal Nerve Roots

Green Fluorescent Proteins

Astacoidea

Zebrafish

Electric Stimulation

Olfactory Bulb

Peripheral Nervous System

Drosophila

Mollusca

Nerve Endings

Thalamus

Ephrin-A2

Cerebral Cortex

Receptors, Eph Family

Pyramidal Tracts

Myelin Proteins

Fasciculation

Interneurons

Ephrin-A5

Oligodendroglia

Drosophila Proteins

Olfactory Pathways

Embryo, Nonmammalian

Spinal Cord Injuries

Trochlear Nerve

Synaptic Transmission

Signal Transduction