Axonal Transport
Biological Transport
Biological Transport, Active
Kinesin
A microtubule-associated mechanical adenosine triphosphatase, that uses the energy of ATP hydrolysis to move organelles along microtubules toward the plus end of the microtubule. The protein is found in squid axoplasm, optic lobes, and in bovine brain. Bovine kinesin is a heterotetramer composed of two heavy (120 kDa) and two light (62 kDa) chains. EC 3.6.1.-.
Neurofilament Proteins
Type III intermediate filament proteins that assemble into neurofilaments, the major cytoskeletal element in nerve axons and dendrites. They consist of three distinct polypeptides, the neurofilament triplet. Types I, II, and IV intermediate filament proteins form other cytoskeletal elements such as keratins and lamins. It appears that the metabolism of neurofilaments is disturbed in Alzheimer's disease, as indicated by the presence of neurofilament epitopes in the neurofibrillary tangles, as well as by the severe reduction of the expression of the gene for the light neurofilament subunit of the neurofilament triplet in brains of Alzheimer's patients. (Can J Neurol Sci 1990 Aug;17(3):302)
Sciatic Nerve
A nerve which originates in the lumbar and sacral spinal cord (L4 to S3) and supplies motor and sensory innervation to the lower extremity. The sciatic nerve, which is the main continuation of the sacral plexus, is the largest nerve in the body. It has two major branches, the TIBIAL NERVE and the PERONEAL NERVE.
Protein Transport
Optic Nerve
The 2nd cranial nerve which conveys visual information from the RETINA to the brain. The nerve carries the axons of the RETINAL GANGLION CELLS which sort at the OPTIC CHIASM and continue via the OPTIC TRACTS to the brain. The largest projection is to the lateral geniculate nuclei; other targets include the SUPERIOR COLLICULI and the SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEI. Though known as the second cranial nerve, it is considered part of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.
Dyneins
Kymography
Neurons
Microtubules
Ion Transport
Membrane Transport Proteins
Transport Vesicles
Organelles
Decapodiformes
Molecular Motor Proteins
Microtubule-Associated Proteins
Aotus trivirgatus
tau Proteins
Microtubule-associated proteins that are mainly expressed in neurons. Tau proteins constitute several isoforms and play an important role in the assembly of tubulin monomers into microtubules and in maintaining the cytoskeleton and axonal transport. Aggregation of specific sets of tau proteins in filamentous inclusions is the common feature of intraneuronal and glial fibrillar lesions (NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; NEUROPIL THREADS) in numerous neurodegenerative disorders (ALZHEIMER DISEASE; TAUOPATHIES).
Colchicine
Nerve Expansion
Ganglia, Spinal
Sensory ganglia located on the dorsal spinal roots within the vertebral column. The spinal ganglion cells are pseudounipolar. The single primary branch bifurcates sending a peripheral process to carry sensory information from the periphery and a central branch which relays that information to the spinal cord or brain.
Tubulin
A microtubule subunit protein found in large quantities in mammalian brain. It has also been isolated from SPERM FLAGELLUM; CILIA; and other sources. Structurally, the protein is a dimer with a molecular weight of approximately 120,000 and a sedimentation coefficient of 5.8S. It binds to COLCHICINE; VINCRISTINE; and VINBLASTINE.
Cells, Cultured
Neurofibrils
Carrier Proteins
Monosaccharide Transport Proteins
Nerve Degeneration
Loss of functional activity and trophic degeneration of nerve axons and their terminal arborizations following the destruction of their cells of origin or interruption of their continuity with these cells. The pathology is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. Often the process of nerve degeneration is studied in research on neuroanatomical localization and correlation of the neurophysiology of neural pathways.
Mitochondria
Semiautonomous, self-reproducing organelles that occur in the cytoplasm of all cells of most, but not all, eukaryotes. Each mitochondrion is surrounded by a double limiting membrane. The inner membrane is highly invaginated, and its projections are called cristae. Mitochondria are the sites of the reactions of oxidative phosphorylation, which result in the formation of ATP. They contain distinctive RIBOSOMES, transfer RNAs (RNA, TRANSFER); AMINO ACYL T RNA SYNTHETASES; and elongation and termination factors. Mitochondria depend upon genes within the nucleus of the cells in which they reside for many essential messenger RNAs (RNA, MESSENGER). Mitochondria are believed to have arisen from aerobic bacteria that established a symbiotic relationship with primitive protoeukaryotes. (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)
Mutation
Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor
Retinal Ganglion Cells
Neurons of the innermost layer of the retina, the internal plexiform layer. They are of variable sizes and shapes, and their axons project via the OPTIC NERVE to the brain. A small subset of these cells act as photoreceptors with projections to the SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS, the center for regulating CIRCADIAN RHYTHM.
Electron Transport
Intermediate Filaments
Neurites
In tissue culture, hairlike projections of neurons stimulated by growth factors and other molecules. These projections may go on to form a branched tree of dendrites or a single axon or they may be reabsorbed at a later stage of development. "Neurite" may refer to any filamentous or pointed outgrowth of an embryonal or tissue-culture neural cell.
Cell Membrane
Motor Neuron Disease
Diseases characterized by a selective degeneration of the motor neurons of the spinal cord, brainstem, or motor cortex. Clinical subtypes are distinguished by the major site of degeneration. In AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS there is involvement of upper, lower, and brainstem motor neurons. In progressive muscular atrophy and related syndromes (see MUSCULAR ATROPHY, SPINAL) the motor neurons in the spinal cord are primarily affected. With progressive bulbar palsy (BULBAR PALSY, PROGRESSIVE), the initial degeneration occurs in the brainstem. In primary lateral sclerosis, the cortical neurons are affected in isolation. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1089)
Sodium
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Tauopathies
Neurodegenerative disorders involving deposition of abnormal tau protein isoforms (TAU PROTEINS) in neurons and glial cells in the brain. Pathological aggregations of tau proteins are associated with mutation of the tau gene on chromosome 17 in patients with ALZHEIMER DISEASE; DEMENTIA; PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS; progressive supranuclear palsy (SUPRANUCLEAR PALSY, PROGRESSIVE); and corticobasal degeneration.
Diffuse Axonal Injury
Models, Biological
Green Fluorescent Proteins
Hypogastric Plexus
Vesicular Transport Proteins
A broad category of proteins involved in the formation, transport and dissolution of TRANSPORT VESICLES. They play a role in the intracellular transport of molecules contained within membrane vesicles. Vesicular transport proteins are distinguished from MEMBRANE TRANSPORT PROTEINS, which move molecules across membranes, by the mode in which the molecules are transported.
Membrane Proteins
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
A degenerative disorder affecting upper MOTOR NEURONS in the brain and lower motor neurons in the brain stem and SPINAL CORD. Disease onset is usually after the age of 50 and the process is usually fatal within 3 to 6 years. Clinical manifestations include progressive weakness, atrophy, FASCICULATION, hyperreflexia, DYSARTHRIA, dysphagia, and eventual paralysis of respiratory function. Pathologic features include the replacement of motor neurons with fibrous ASTROCYTES and atrophy of anterior SPINAL NERVE ROOTS and corticospinal tracts. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1089-94)
Rats, Inbred Strains
Microscopy, Electron
Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Synaptic Vesicles
Membrane-bound compartments which contain transmitter molecules. Synaptic vesicles are concentrated at presynaptic terminals. They actively sequester transmitter molecules from the cytoplasm. In at least some synapses, transmitter release occurs by fusion of these vesicles with the presynaptic membrane, followed by exocytosis of their contents.
Cytoskeleton
Disease Models, Animal
Cytoplasmic Dyneins
Mice, Transgenic
Alzheimer Disease
A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)
Amino Acid Sequence
Synapsins
A family of synaptic vesicle-associated proteins involved in the short-term regulation of NEUROTRANSMITTER release. Synapsin I, the predominant member of this family, links SYNAPTIC VESICLES to ACTIN FILAMENTS in the presynaptic nerve terminal. These interactions are modulated by the reversible PHOSPHORYLATION of synapsin I through various signal transduction pathways. The protein is also a substrate for cAMP- and CALCIUM-CALMODULIN-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASES. It is believed that these functional properties are also shared by synapsin II.
Horseradish Peroxidase
Drosophila
Brain
The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.
Luminescent Proteins
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor
Ganglia
Neurodegenerative Diseases
Endosomes
Anion Transport Proteins
Synaptophysin
Cation Transport Proteins
Growth Cones
Cytoplasm
Golgi Apparatus
A stack of flattened vesicles that functions in posttranslational processing and sorting of proteins, receiving them from the rough ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM and directing them to secretory vesicles, LYSOSOMES, or the CELL MEMBRANE. The movement of proteins takes place by transfer vesicles that bud off from the rough endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi apparatus and fuse with the Golgi, lysosomes or cell membrane. (From Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990)
Microscopy, Fluorescence
Time-Lapse Imaging
Glucose
Superior Colliculi
Hippocampus
A curved elevation of GRAY MATTER extending the entire length of the floor of the TEMPORAL HORN of the LATERAL VENTRICLE (see also TEMPORAL LOBE). The hippocampus proper, subiculum, and DENTATE GYRUS constitute the hippocampal formation. Sometimes authors include the ENTORHINAL CORTEX in the hippocampal formation.
GAP-43 Protein
A nervous tissue specific protein which is highly expressed in NEURONS during development and NERVE REGENERATION. It has been implicated in neurite outgrowth, long-term potentiation, SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION, and NEUROTRANSMITTER release. (From Neurotoxicology 1994;15(1):41-7) It is also a substrate of PROTEIN KINASE C.
Microscopy, Confocal
Autoradiography
Microscopy, Video
Protein Binding
Rhodamines
Sodium Azide
Amino Acid Transport Systems
Fluorescent Dyes
Aplysia
Drosophila Proteins
Amyloid beta-Peptides
Peptides generated from AMYLOID BETA-PEPTIDES PRECURSOR. An amyloid fibrillar form of these peptides is the major component of amyloid plaques found in individuals with Alzheimer's disease and in aged individuals with trisomy 21 (DOWN SYNDROME). The peptide is found predominantly in the nervous system, but there have been reports of its presence in non-neural tissue.
Transfection
Phosphorylation
Nocodazole
Rabbits
Papilledema
Swelling of the OPTIC DISK, usually in association with increased intracranial pressure, characterized by hyperemia, blurring of the disk margins, microhemorrhages, blind spot enlargement, and engorgement of retinal veins. Chronic papilledema may cause OPTIC ATROPHY and visual loss. (Miller et al., Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology, 4th ed, p175)
Nerve Growth Factors
Intermediate Filament Proteins
Nerve Growth Factor
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Localization of sympathetic, parasympathetic and sensory neurons innervating the heart of the Beijing duck by means of the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. (1/1188)
Sympathetic, parasympathetic and sensory neurons were labeled by injections of horseradish peroxidase into various regions of the heart in 33 Beijing ducks. Sympathetic postganglionic neurons innervating the heart were located in the paravertebral ganglia C15 (C16 is the last cervical segment in the duck) to T3, especially in the ganglion T1. The coronary sulcus and ventricle were more abundantly innervated by sympathetic neurons than the atrium. The left side of the heart was preferentially innervated by sympathetic postganglionic neurons in the left side of paravertebral ganglia but the right side of the heart were equally supplied from the right and left ganglia. Within the medulla oblongata, the number of labeled vagal preganglionic neurons in the nucleus ambiguus was much greater than that in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve. Labeled neurons of the nucleus ambiguus were found in many ducks injected into the coronary sulcus. Cardiac sensory neurons were observed in the dorsal root ganglia C15 to T2 (highest in the ganglion T1) and in the nodose and jugular ganglia of the vagus nerve. These labeled neurons probably form the afferent and efferent limbs of cardiac reflexes and control circulation in the Beijing duck. (+info)Light-induced calcium influx into retinal axons is regulated by presynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activity in vivo. (2/1188)
Visual activity is thought to be a critical factor in controlling the development of central retinal projections. Neuronal activity increases cytosolic calcium, which was hypothesized to regulate process outgrowth in neurons. We performed an in vivo imaging study in the retinotectal system of albino Xenopus laevis tadpoles with the fluorescent calcium indicator calcium green 1 dextran (CaGD) to test the role of calcium in regulating axon arbor development. We find that visual stimulus to the retina increased CaGD fluorescence intensity in retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axon arbors within the optic tectum and that branch additions to retinotectal axon arbors correlated with a local rise in calcium in the parent branch. We find three types of responses to visual stimulus, which roughly correlate with the ON, OFF, and SUSTAINED response types of RGC reported by physiological criteria. Imaging in bandscan mode indicated that patterns of calcium transients were nonuniform throughout the axons. We tested whether the increase in calcium in the retinotectal axons required synaptic activity in the retina; intraocular application of tetrodotoxin (10 microM) or nifedipine (1 and 10 microM) blocked the stimulus-induced increase in RGC axonal fluorescence. A second series of pharmacological investigations was designed to determine the mechanism of the calcium elevation in the axon terminals within the optic tectum. Injection of bis-(o-aminophenoxy)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid-AM (BAPTA-AM) (20 mM) into the tectal ventricle reduced axonal calcium levels, supporting the idea that visual stimulation increases axonal calcium. Injection of BAPTA (20 mM) into the tectal ventricle to chelate extracellular calcium also attenuated the calcium response to visual stimulation, indicating that calcium enters the axon from the extracellular medium. Caffeine (10 mM) caused a large increase in axonal calcium, indicating that intracellular stores contribute to the calcium signal. Presynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) may play a role in axon arbor development and the formation of the topographic retinotectal projection. Injection of nicotine (10 microM) into the tectal ventricle significantly elevated RGC axonal calcium levels, whereas application of the nAChR antagonist alphaBTX (100 nM) reduced the stimulus-evoked rise in RGC calcium fluorescence. These data suggest that light stimulus to the retina increases calcium in the axon terminal arbors through a mechanism that includes influx through nAChRs and amplification by calcium-induced calcium release from intracellular calcium stores. Such a mechanism may contribute to developmental plasticity of the retinotectal system by influencing both axon arbor elaboration and the strength of synaptic transmission. (+info)A genetic approach to trace neural circuits. (3/1188)
Mammalian nervous system function involves billions of neurons which are interconnected in a multitude of neural circuits. Here we describe a genetic approach to chart neural circuits. By using an olfactory-specific promoter, we selectively expressed barley lectin in sensory neurons in the olfactory epithelium and vomeronasal organ of transgenic mice. The lectin was transported through the axons of those neurons to the olfactory bulb, transferred to the bulb neurons with which they synapse, and transported through the axons of bulb neurons to the olfactory cortex. The lectin also was retrogradely transported from the bulb to neuromodulatory brain areas. No evidence could be obtained for adverse effects of the lectin on odorant receptor gene expression, sensory axon targeting in the bulb, or the generation or transmission of signals by olfactory sensory neurons. Transneuronal transfer was detected prenatally in the odor-sensing pathway, but only postnatally in the pheromone-sensing pathway, suggesting that odors, but not pheromones, may be sensed in utero. Our studies demonstrate that a plant lectin can serve as a transneuronal tracer when its expression is genetically targeted to a subset of neurons. This technology can potentially be applied to a variety of vertebrate and invertebrate neural systems and may be particularly valuable for mapping connections formed by small subsets of neurons and for studying the development of connectivity as it occurs in utero. (+info)NK-1 receptor immunoreactivity in distinct morphological types of lamina I neurons of the primate spinal cord. (4/1188)
In cat and monkey, lamina I cells can be classified into three basic morphological types (fusiform, pyramidal, and multipolar), and recent intracellular labeling evidence in the cat indicates that fusiform and multipolar lamina I cells are two different types of nociceptive cells, whereas pyramidal cells are innocuous thermoreceptive-specific. Because earlier observations indicated that only nociceptive dorsal horn neurons respond to substance P (SP), we examined which morphological types of lamina I neurons express receptors for SP (NK-1r). We categorized NK-1r-immunoreactive (IR) lamina I neurons in serial horizontal sections from the cervical and lumbar enlargements of four monkeys. Consistent results were obtained by two independent teams of observers. Nearly all NK-1r-IR cells were fusiform (42%) or multipolar (43%), but only 6% were pyramidal (with 9% unclassified). We obtained similar findings in three monkeys in which we used double-labeling immunocytochemistry to identify NK-1r-IR and spinothalamic lamina I neurons retrogradely labeled with cholera toxin subunit b from the thalamus; most NK-1r-IR lamina I spinothalamic neurons were fusiform (48%) or multipolar (33%), and only 10% were pyramidal. In contrast, most (approximately 75%) pyramidal and some (approximately 25%) fusiform and multipolar lamina I spinothalamic neurons did not display NK-1r immunoreactivity. These data indicate that most fusiform and multipolar lamina I neurons in the monkey can express NK-1r, consistent with the idea that both types are nociceptive, whereas only a small proportion of lamina I pyramidal cells express this receptor, consistent with the previous finding that they are non-nociceptive. However, these findings also indicate that not all nociceptive lamina I neurons express receptors for SP. (+info)Leukemia inhibitory factor augments neurotrophin expression and corticospinal axon growth after adult CNS injury. (5/1188)
The cytokine leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) modulates glial and neuronal function in development and after peripheral nerve injury, but little is known regarding its role in the injured adult CNS. To further understand the biological role of LIF and its potential mechanisms of action after CNS injury, effects of cellularly delivered LIF on axonal growth, glial activation, and expression of trophic factors were examined after adult mammalian spinal cord injury. Fibroblasts genetically modified to produce high amounts of LIF were grafted to the injured spinal cords of adult Fischer 344 rats. Two weeks after injury, animals with LIF-secreting cells showed a specific and significant increase in corticospinal axon growth compared with control animals. Furthermore, expression of neurotrophin-3, but not nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, glia cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, or ciliary neurotrophic factor, was increased at the lesion site in LIF-grafted but not in control subjects. No differences in astroglial and microglial/macrophage activation were observed. Thus, LIF can directly or indirectly modulate molecular and cellular responses of the adult CNS to injury. These findings also demonstrate that neurotrophic molecules can augment expression of other trophic factors in vivo after traumatic injury in the adult CNS. (+info)Development and organization of ocular dominance bands in primary visual cortex of the sable ferret. (6/1188)
Thalamocortical afferents in the visual cortex of the adult sable ferret are segregated into eye-specific ocular dominance bands. The development of ocular dominance bands was studied by transneuronal labeling of the visual cortices of ferret kits between the ages of postnatal day 28 (P28) and P81 after intravitreous injections of either tritiated proline or wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase. Laminar specificity was evident in the youngest animals studied and was similar to that in the adult by P50. In P28 and P30 ferret kits, no modulation reminiscent of ocular dominance bands was detectable in the pattern of labeling along layer IV. By P37 a slight fluctuation in the density of labeling in layer IV was evident in serial reconstructions. By P50, the amplitude of modulation had increased considerably but the pattern of ocular dominance bands did not yet appear mature. The pattern and degree of modulation of the ocular dominance bands resembled that in adult animals by P63. Flat mounts of cortex and serial reconstructions of layer IV revealed an unusual arrangement of inputs serving the two eyes in the region rostral to the periodic ocular dominance bands. In this region, inputs serving the contralateral eye were commonly fused along a mediolateral axis, rostral to which were large and sometimes fused patches of ipsilateral input. (+info)Neutralizing antibodies inhibit axonal spread of herpes simplex virus type 1 to epidermal cells in vitro. (7/1188)
The ability of antibodies to interfere with anterograde transmission of herpes simplex virus (HSV) from neuronal axons to the epidermis was investigated in an in vitro model consisting of human fetal dorsal root ganglia innervating autologous skin explants in a dual-chamber tissue culture system. The number and size of viral cytopathic plaques in epidermal cells after axonal transmission from HSV type 1 (HSV-1)-infected dorsal root ganglionic neurons were significantly reduced by addition to the outer chamber of neutralizing polyclonal human sera to HSV-1, of a human recombinant monoclonal group Ib antibody to glycoprotein D (gD), and of rabbit sera to HSV-1 gB and gD but not by rabbit anti-gE or anti-gG. A similar pattern of inhibition of direct infection of epidermal cells by these antibodies was observed. High concentrations of the monoclonal anti-gD reduced transmission by 90%. Rabbit anti-gB was not taken up into neurons, and human anti-gD did not influence spread of HSV in the dorsal root ganglia or axonal transport of HSV antigens when applied to individual dissociated neurons. These results suggest that anti-gD and -gB antibodies interfere with axonal spread of HSV-1, possibly by neutralizing HSV during transmission across an intercellular gap between axonal termini and epidermal cells, and thus contribute to control of HSV spread and shedding. Therefore, selected human monoclonal antibodies to protective epitopes might even be effective in preventing epidermis-to-neuron transmission during primary HSV infection, especially neonatal infection. (+info)The GDVII strain of Theiler's virus spreads via axonal transport. (8/1188)
Following intracerebral inoculation, the DA strain of Theiler's virus sequentially infects neurons in the gray matter and glial cells in the white matter of the spinal cord. It persists in the latter throughout the life of the animal. Several observations suggest that the virus spreads from the gray to the white matter by axonal transport. In contrast, the neurovirulent GDVII strain causes a fatal encephalitis with lytic infection of neurons. It does not infect the white matter of the spinal cord efficiently and does not persist in survivors. The inability of this virus to infect the white matter could be due to a defect in axonal transport. Using footpad inoculations, we showed that the GDVII strain is, in fact, transported in axons. Transport was prevented by sectioning the sciatic nerve. The kinetics of transport and experiments using colchicine suggested that the virus uses microtubule-associated fast axonal transport. Our results show that a cardiovirus can spread by fast axonal transport and suggest that the inability of the GDVII strain to infect the white matter is not due to a defect in axonal transport. (+info)Cdk5 inhibits anterograde axonal transport of neurofilaments but not that of tau by inhibition of mitogen-activated protein...
Download Axonal Transport in Neuronal Growth and Regeneration by Sidney Ochs (auth.), John S. Elam, Paul Cancalon (eds.) PDF -...
Defective Axonal Transport Puts Tau in a Tizzy | ALZFORUM
Direct evidence for coherent low velocity axonal transport of mitochondria<...
ALZFORUM | NETWORKING FOR A CURE
A Switch in Retrograde Signaling from Survival to Stress in Rapid-Onset Neurodegeneration | Journal of Neuroscience
A Switch in Retrograde Signaling from Survival to Stress in Rapid-Onset Neurodegeneration | Journal of Neuroscience
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Erratum: GSK-3β inhibition reverses axonal transport defects and behavioural phenotypes in Drosophila (Molecular Psychiatry ...
Hedging Price Volatility Using Fast Transport
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Processive flow by biased polymerization mediates the slow axonal transport of actin | Institut de neurophysiopathologie - UMR...
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retrograde axonal transport
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Axoplasmic transport of proteins.<...
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Axonal transport of tubulin and actin
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Tmem108 - Transmembrane protein 108 - Mus musculus (Mouse) - Tmem108 gene & protein
Rapid movement of microtubules in axons
Axons vesicles in excess | Journal of Cell Biology | Rockefeller University Press
Expeditionary Fast Transport (EPF) /
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Drosophila behaviour and cognition - Queensland Brain Institute - The University of Queensland, Australia
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β‐Tubulin mutations that cause severe neuropathies disrupt axonal transport | The EMBO Journal
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Correction: Berberine Attenuates Axonal Transport Impairment and Axonopathy Induced by Calyculin A in N2a Cells - pdf descargar
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A survival factor for axons: roles in disease and downstream mechanism | JPND
NIH awards Acelerox grant to develop PEG-HCC nanoparticle for treatment of Alzheimers Disease | Editor Spride
Kinesthetic reference for human orthograde posture<...
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Plus it
Relief of Cystoid Macular Edema-Induced Focal Axonal Compression with Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Treatment | TVST ...
Guest Group Chua | Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry
Research Grants - 2010
KIF5A - Gentaur
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Central nervous system
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Axonal transport
... called an axonal spheroid, may result. Because axonal transport can be disrupted in a multitude of ways, axonal spheroids can ... The basic mechanism of fast axonal transport has been understood for decades but the mechanism of slow axonal transport is only ... it is likely that axonal transport is a key player in mediating pathology. Dysfunctional axonal transport is also linked to ... Intraflagellar transport Sabry J, O'Connor TP, Kirschner MW (June 1995). "Axonal transport of tubulin in Ti1 pioneer neurons in ...
Intracellular transport
Growing evidence supports the concept that deficits in axonal transport contributes to pathogenesis in multiple ... Chevalier-Larsen E, Holzbaur EL (2006). "Axonal transport and neurodegenerative disease". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA ... The transport mechanism depends on the material being moved. Intracellular transport that requires quick movement will use an ... Intracellular transport is the movement of vesicles and substances within a cell. Intracellular transport is required for ...
Neurotubule
The fast axonal transport has a rate of 50-500 mm per day, while the slow axonal transport was found to be 0.4 mm per day in ... The cargoes are transported by motor proteins that uses neurotubules as a 'track'. The axonal transport can be classified ... Transport of insoluble protein contributes to the fast movement while the slow transport is transporting up to 40% - 50% ... As a result, essential processes in the neuron such as axonal transport and neural communication will be disrupted, forming the ...
Mitophagy
Saxton, William M.; Hollenbeck, Peter J. (2012). "The axonal transport of mitochondria". Journal of Cell Science. 125 (9): 2095 ... Once mitophagy is initiated, Atg32 binds to Atg11 and the Atg32-associated mitochondria are transported to the vacuole. Atg32 ... This distribution is maintained largely by motor protein-mediated mitochondrial transport along the axon. While neuronal ... Arduíno, DM; Esteves, AR; Cardoso, SM (2011). "Mitochondrial fusion/fission, transport and autophagy in Parkinson's disease: ...
Neurofilament
The number of neurofilaments in the axon is thought to be determined by neurofilament gene expression and axonal transport. The ... Brown A (November 2000). "Slow axonal transport: stop and go traffic in the axon". Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology. 1 (2 ... Thus on long time scales neurofilaments move in the slow component of axonal transport. Numerous specific antibodies to ... Hoffman PN, Lasek RJ (August 1975). "The slow component of axonal transport. Identification of major structural polypeptides of ...
Neurodegenerative disease
... they may damage molecular motors and microtubules to interfere with normal axonal transport, leading to impaired transport of ... Impaired axonal transport of alpha-synuclein may also lead to its accumulation in Lewy bodies. Experiments have revealed ... Axonal transport can be disrupted by a variety of mechanisms including damage to: kinesin and cytoplasmic dynein, microtubules ... When axonal transport is severely disrupted a degenerative pathway known as Wallerian-like degeneration is often triggered. ...
Diffuse axonal injury
Axonal transport continues up to the point of the break in the cytoskeleton, but no further, leading to a buildup of transport ... such as interrupted axonal transport, progressive swelling and degeneration. Recent studies have linked these changes to ... Since axonal damage in DAI is largely a result of secondary biochemical cascades, it has a delayed onset, so a person with DAI ... Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is a brain injury in which scattered lesions occur over a widespread area in white matter tracts as ...
Axoplasm
Axonal transport occurs either by fast or slow transport. Fast transport involves vesicular contents (like organelles) being ... In axonal transport (also known as axoplasmic transport) materials are carried through the axoplasm to or from the soma. The ... When an axon is damaged, both axonal translation and retrograde axonal transport are required to propagate a signal to the soma ... Young, Tang (2013). "Fast Vesicle Transport Is Required for the Slow Axonal Transport of Synapsin". Neuroscience. 33 (39): ...
Sandhya Koushika
Her main area of interest is regulation of axonal transport within nerve cells. She is a recipient of the International Early ... Following this approach, her group is starting to uncover regulation of each of the various steps of axonal transport, such as ... Koushika studies traffic within nerve cells, called axonal transport. Though not always the case for traffic on the streets, ... Studying this process is challenging, partly because anesthetising model organism also suspends axonal transport. So, watching ...
Alzheimer's disease
Schindowski K, Belarbi K, Buée L (February 2008). "Neurotrophic factors in Alzheimer's disease: role of axonal transport". ... The tangles disrupt the transport system and are toxic to cells. The cause for most Alzheimer's cases is still mostly unknown, ... Tau proteins are responsible in neuron's internal support and transport system to carry nutrients and other essential materials ... destroying the structure of the cell's cytoskeleton which collapses the neuron's transport system. A number of studies connect ...
DCTN1
"BPAG1n4 is essential for retrograde axonal transport in sensory neurons". The Journal of Cell Biology. 163 (2): 223-9. doi: ... "The interaction between cytoplasmic dynein and dynactin is required for fast axonal transport". Proceedings of the National ... It is involved in a diverse array of cellular functions, including ER-to-Golgi transport, the centripetal movement of lysosomes ...
AVP gene
... conversion of a putative precursor during axonal transport". Science. 195 (4284): 1354-6. Bibcode:1977Sci...195.1354G. doi: ... It is well established that the finished vasopressin product is transported from the cell body to the terminals in the ...
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
January 2013). "Vesicular glycolysis provides on-board energy for fast axonal transport". Cell. 152 (3): 479-491. doi:10.1016/j ... and fast axonal, or axoplasmic transport. In sperm, a testis-specific isoenzyme GAPDHS is expressed. Under normal cellular ... GAPDH also appears to be involved in the vesicle transport from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi apparatus which is ... nuclear tRNA transport, DNA replication, and DNA repair. In addition, nuclear translocation of GAPDH has been reported in ...
Dystonin
October 2003). "BPAG1n4 is essential for retrograde axonal transport in sensory neurons". The Journal of Cell Biology. 163 (2 ... In humans, loss of dystonin function can cause hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type VI and axonal Charcot-Marie- ...
Neurohypophysial hormone
Jones CW, Pickering BT (December 1972). "Intra-axonal transport and turnover of neurohypophysial hormones in the rat". J. ... They are then transported in neurosecretory granules along axons within the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial tract by axoplasmic ...
ITM2B
Choi SI, Vidal R, Frangione B, Levy E (2004). "Axonal transport of British and Danish amyloid peptides via secretory vesicles ...
Growth cone
Yoo S, van Niekerk EA, Merianda TT, Twiss JL (2010). "Dynamics of axonal mRNA transport and implications for peripheral nerve ... In this process, new material is added at the growth cone while the remainder of the axonal cytoskeleton remains stationary. ... Actin filaments are also constantly being transported away from the leading edge by a myosin-motor driven process known as ... Axon guidance directs the initial wiring of the nervous system and is also important in axonal regeneration following an injury ...
Paracytophagy
A second mechanism of reaching the brain tissue is achieved through intra-axonal transport. In this mechanism, Listeria travels ... Dons L, Jin Y, Kristensson K, Rottenberg ME (2007). "Axonal transport of Listeria monocytogenes and nerve-cell-induced ... Similar to the mechanism seen in HIV, infected leukocytes in the blood cross the blood brain barrier and transport Listeria ... or tunneling nanotubes directed toward neighboring cells in a culture of rat PC12 cells have been shown to facilitate transport ...
Rabies
"Rabies Virus Hijacks and accelerates the p75NTR retrograde axonal transport machinery". PLOS Pathogens. 10 (8): e1004348. doi: ... The virus then travels through the nerve cell axon via retrograde transport, as its P protein interacts with dynein, a protein ... and is then transported to the Golgi apparatus, where a sugar group is added to it (glycosylation). When there are enough viral ...
MAPK8IP3
2001). "Kinesin-dependent axonal transport is mediated by the sunday driver (SYD) protein". Cell. 103 (4): 583-94. doi:10.1016/ ... "Kinesin-dependent axonal transport is mediated by the sunday driver (SYD) protein". Cell. UNITED STATES. 103 (4): 583-94. doi: ... The C. elegans counterpart of this gene is found to regulate synaptic vesicle transport, possibly by integrating JNK signaling ... 2002). "UNC-16, a JNK-signaling scaffold protein, regulates vesicle transport in C. elegans". Neuron. 32 (5): 787-800. doi: ...
Huntingtin
The function of huntingtin (Htt) is not well understood but it is involved in axonal transport. Huntingtin is essential for ... "HTT gene". Vitet H, Brandt V, Saudou F (August 2020). "Traffic signaling: new functions of huntingtin and axonal transport in ... These appear to indicate a functional role in cytoskeletal anchoring or transport of mitochondria. The Htt protein is involved ... Within cells, huntingtin may or may not be involved in signaling, transporting materials, binding proteins and other structures ...
KLC1
2001). "Axonal transport of amyloid precursor protein is mediated by direct binding to the kinesin light chain subunit of ... "Kinesin-dependent axonal transport is mediated by the sunday driver (SYD) protein". Cell. 103 (4): 583-94. doi:10.1016/S0092- ... Conventional kinesin is a tetrameric molecule composed of two heavy chains and two light chains, and transports various cargos ...
Atg1
December 2008). "UNC-51/ATG1 kinase regulates axonal transport by mediating motor-cargo assembly". Genes Dev. 22 (23): 3292-307 ... The corresponding homologue to Atg1 in C. elegans is unc-51 (uncoordinated-51). Unc-51 also functions in proper axonal guidance ... October 1994). "Caenorhabditis elegans unc-51 gene required for axonal elongation encodes a novel serine/threonine kinase". ...
Sperm-associated antigen 9
"Kinesin-dependent axonal transport is mediated by the sunday driver (SYD) protein". Cell. 103 (4): 583-94. doi:10.1016/S0092- ...
Sunday Driver (band)
"Kinesin-dependent axonal transport is mediated by the sunday driver (SYD) protein". Cell. 103 (4): 583-94. doi:10.1016/S0092- ...
KLC2
"Kinesin-dependent axonal transport is mediated by the sunday driver (SYD) protein". Cell. 103 (4): 583-94. doi:10.1016/S0092- ... "Kinesin-dependent axonal transport is mediated by the sunday driver (SYD) protein". Cell. 103 (4): 583-94. doi:10.1016/S0092- ...
Thomas P. Stossel
Gelsolin inhibition of fast axonal transport indicates a requirement for actin microfilaments. Nature, 1984; 310:56-58. 82. ... Calcium transport by macrophage plasma membranes. J Biol Chem. 1980; 255:5841-5846. 54. Amrein PC, Stossel TP. Prevention of ... Transport of Macromolecules in Biological Systems. Berlin: Dahlem Konferenzen, 1978:503-16. 36. Stossel TP, Hartwig JH, Yin HL ... In: Current Topics in Membranes and Transport. 1990; 36:97-107. 66. Stossel TP. How cells crawl. American Scientist. 1990; 78: ...
Herpes simplex research
R2 vaccines retain native replication in epithelial cells but are incapable of retrograde axonal transport and invasion of the ... "The pUL37 tegument protein guides alpha-herpesvirus retrograde axonal transport to promote neuroinvasion". PLOS Pathogens. 13 ( ...
Dynactin
"The interaction between cytoplasmic dynein and dynactin is required for fast axonal transport". Proceedings of the National ... In addition to transport of various organelles in the cytoplasm, dynactin also links kinesin II to organelles. Motor protein ... Schroer TA, Sheetz MP (December 1991). "Two activators of microtubule-based vesicle transport". The Journal of Cell Biology. ... Carter AP, Diamant AG, Urnavicius L (April 2016). "How dynein and dynactin transport cargos: a structural perspective". Current ...
Pseudorabies
Kratchmarov R, Taylor MP, Enquist LW (2013). "Role of us9 phosphorylation in axonal sorting and anterograde transport of ... In the retrograde direction, SuHV-1-Bartha is transported to a neuronal cell body via its axon, where it is replicated and ... Koyuncu OO, Perlman DH, Enquist LW (Jan 16, 2013). "Efficient retrograde transport of pseudorabies virus within neurons ... the extent to which non-synaptic transneuronal transport may also occur is uncertain. Using temporal studies and/or genetically ...
Anterograde tracing
... the anterograde and retrograde tracing techniques are based on the visualization of the biological process of axonal transport ... is taken into intracellular organelles and is transported by the endogenous neuronal transport system including kinesin-1, ... Transport of the viral particles along the axon was shown to depend on the microtubular cytoskeleton. There is also a group of ... Norgren RB, McLean JH, Bubel HC, Wander A, Bernstein DI, Lehman MN (March 1992). "Anterograde transport of HSV-1 and HSV-2 in ...
Sodium-potassium pump
In the gut, for example, sodium is transported out of the reabsorbing cell on the blood (interstitial fluid) side via the Na⁺-K ... Young EA, Fowler CD, Kidd GJ, Chang A, Rudick R, Fisher E, Trapp BD (April 2008). "Imaging correlates of decreased axonal Na+/ ... In 1997, he received one-half of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for the first discovery of an ion-transporting enzyme, Na⁺,K⁺- ... The Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase helps maintain resting potential, affects transport, and regulates cellular volume. It also functions as a ...
Brain
May 2009). "Acetate transport and utilization in the rat brain". J Neurochem. 109 Suppl 1 (Suppl 1): 46-54. doi:10.1111/j.1471- ... Considering the entire brain, thousands of genes create products that influence axonal pathfinding. The synaptic network that ...
Glaucoma
Knox DL, Eagle RC, Green WR (March 2007). "Optic nerve hydropic axonal degeneration and blocked retrograde axoplasmic transport ...
NUMB (gene)
... is released into the cytoplasm and transported to the nucleus, where it can form a complex with binding partners such as EP300 ... Drosophila first suggested Numb played a role in cell migration when mutants displayed defective glial migration along axonal ...
Kinesin-like protein KIF11
In adult neurons It has a similar effect on inhibiting the rate of short microtubule transport so pharmacological inhibition ... impacts axonal growth, navigation, and branching". J. Neurosci. 30 (44): 14896-906. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3739-10.2010. PMC ... directed transport of cellular cargoes. The unique assembly of Kinesin-5 proteins not only organizes the protein complex for a ... induces rapid bursts of axonal outgrowth from cultured postmitotic neurons". Cell Motil Cytoskeleton. 58 (1): 10-6. CiteSeerX ...
Axon
This axonal transport is provided for in the axoplasm by arrangements of microtubules and intermediate filaments known as ... Dying back of an axon can also take place in many neurodegenerative diseases, particularly when axonal transport is impaired, ... Concussion is considered a mild form of diffuse axonal injury. Axonal injury can also cause central chromatolysis. The ... and the axonal region as the other. The axonal region or compartment, includes the axon hillock, the initial segment, the rest ...
Olfactory system
"Topographic Organization of Tufted Cell Axonal Projections in the Hamster Main Olfactory Bulb: An Intrabulbar Associational ... amyloidogenesis-related diseases and there may even be a causal link through the disruption of multivalent metal ion transport ...
NEDD4L
Rotin D, Staub O (2012). "Nedd4-2 and the regulation of epithelial sodium transport". Front Physiol. 3: 212. doi:10.3389/fphys. ... Specific deletion of NEDD4-2 in mouse neurons results in axonal branching defects. Isolated fetal cortical neurons from NEDD4-2 ...
MAP2K7
All these JNK pathway regulators assemble transport complexes, tied to kinesin-dependent vesicular transport. In this context, ... Conditional deletion of Map2k7 in neural stem cells and postmitotic neurons identified a role for MKK7 in axonal elongation. ... Hammond JW, Griffin K, Jih GT, Stuckey J, Verhey KJ (May 2008). "Co-operative versus independent transport of different cargoes ... In addition to their "normal" cargoes (C-termini of transmembrane proteins), they also transport MAP2K and MAP3K enzymes, ...
List of skin conditions
... may be related to loss of melanocytes or the inability of melanocytes to produce melanin or transport melanosomes correctly. ... Generalized trichoepithelioma Giant axonal neuropathy with curly hair Gingival fibromatosis with hypertrichosis Haber syndrome ...
Epigenetics of neurodegenerative diseases
Neuromuscular disease Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM): 600882 Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease, Axonal, Type 2B; CMT2B - ... mRNA axon transport, neurite outgrowth during development, and neuromuscular junction formation. The causal function loss in ... SAHA treatment increased alpha-tubulin lysine 40 acetylation in mouse striatal cells and also increased intracellular transport ... "Histone deacetylase 6 inhibition compensates for the transport deficit in Huntington's disease by increasing tubulin ...
CASS4
... it has been speculated that it may have a role in axonal transport and influence the expression of the amyloid precursor ...
Chromatolysis
In neurons receiving axonal transection, central chromatolysis is observed in the area between the nucleus and the axon hillock ... both seem to be mechanically related to a disruption of the delivery of neurofilament to the axon due to a decreased transport ... Changes in the cell body cytoskeleton seem to be responsible for enhanced nuclear eccentricity following axonal injury. One ... Nuclear eccentricity can be attributed to the presence of excess axonal cytoskeleton between the nucleus and axon hillock, ...
Prickle (protein)
Also, Prickle1 interacts with RE1-silencing transcription factor (REST) by transporting REST out of the nucleus. REST turns off ... Gene knockdown of Prickle1 by shRNA or dominant-negative constructs results in decreased axonal and dendritic extension in ...
MFN2
There is evidence suggesting that it could be due to defects in the axonal transport of mitochondria. Increasing evidence ... Misko A, Jiang S, Wegorzewska I, Milbrandt J, Baloh RH (March 2010). "Mitofusin 2 is necessary for transport of axonal ... February 2006). "Axonal neuropathy with optic atrophy is caused by mutations in mitofusin 2". Annals of Neurology. 59 (2): 276- ... Chen Y, Han S, Huang X, Ni J, He X (January 2016). "The Protective Effect of Icariin on Mitochondrial Transport and ...
List of OMIM disorder codes
... axonal, type 2L; 608673; HSPB8 Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, axonal, type 2M; 606482; DNM2 Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, axonal, ... NME1 Neurodegeneration due to cerebral folate transport deficiency; 613068; FOLR1 Neurodegeneration with brain iron ... axonal, type 2F; 606595; HSPB1 Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, axonal, type 2K; 607831; GDAP1 Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, ... TBXAS1 Giant axonal neuropathy-1; 256850; GAN Gillespie syndrome; 206700; PAX6 Gitelman syndrome; 263800; SLC12A3 Glanzmann ...
Surface chemistry of neural implants
Proteins like laminin that promotes neuronal outgrowth and L1 that promotes axonal outgrowth have shown great promise in ... and the charge transport between the electrode and the living tissue. The electrode functionality can be increased by adding a ... This shows that the nanoparticle-loaded hydrogel coating does not significantly hinder the electrical transport. The in vivo ...
DKK1
... tau cannot interact with neuronal microtubules consequently compromising axonal transport resulting in synaptic loss and ...
Rabies virus
The retrograde axonal transport of Rabies lyssavirus to the central nervous system (CNS) is the key step of pathogenesis during ... The exact molecular mechanism of this transport is unknown although binding of the P protein from Rabies lyssavirus to the ... After receptor binding, Rabies lyssavirus enters its host cells through the endosomal transport pathway. Inside the endosome, ...
Tauopathy
... of the neurofibrillary tangles and destabilized microtubules result in disruption of processes such as axonal transport and ...
GABARAPL2
... possible role of vesicular transport in axonal elongation". Brain Research. Molecular Brain Research. 85 (1-2): 1-12. doi: ... possible role of vesicular transport in axonal elongation". Brain Research. Molecular Brain Research. 85 (1-2): 1-12. doi: ... Scherz-Shouval R, Sagiv Y, Shorer H, Elazar Z (Apr 2003). "The COOH terminus of GATE-16, an intra-Golgi transport modulator, is ... Sagiv Y, Legesse-Miller A, Porat A, Elazar Z (Apr 2000). "GATE-16, a membrane transport modulator, interacts with NSF and the ...
Aurora kinase B
Finally, a portion of the tagged Aurora B localized to the equatorial cell cortex, having been transported to this location by ... Dec 2017). "Aurora kinase B regulates axonal outgrowth and regeneration in the spinal motor neurons of developing zebrafish". ... Furthermore, overexpression of Aurora B kinase results in accelerated axonal outgrowth of spinal motor neurons in developing ... significant upregulation in Aurora B kinase gene expression was observed coinciding with regenerative axonal sprouting. ...
Neuronal self-avoidance
... as well as the diffusion of cytoplasmic signals either passively or by fast axonal transport". In the late 1990s and beyond, ... In 1983 Kramer and Kuwada propose that this self-recognition of two growing axonal processes might be mediated by their ... 1982) in insect neurons, which postulated that filopodia played an important role in the recognition and choice of axonal ... Several studies have implicated Drosophila Dscam1 in dendritic and axonal self-avoidance and process spacing in diverse ...
KIF5A
... also plays a role in Alzheimer's disease by modulating the toxic effect of beta-amyloid on axonal transport of ... Wang Q, Tian J, Chen H, Du H, Guo L (July 2019). "Amyloid beta-mediated KIF5A deficiency disrupts anterograde axonal ... of this family are part of a multisubunit complex that functions as a microtubule motor in intracellular organelle transport. ...
List of diseases (M)
... bone dystrophy MLS syndrome MMEP syndrome MMT syndrome MN1 MNGIE syndrome Möbius syndrome MODY syndrome Möbius axonal ... disease Madokoro-Ohdo-Sonoda syndrome Maffucci syndrome Maghazaji syndrome Magnesium defect in renal tubular transport of ...
Syntaxin
"The syntaxin family of vesicular transport receptors". Cell. 74 (5): 863-73. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(93)90466-4. PMID 7690687. ... for proximity between the fusion machinery and the gates of Ca2+ entry during depolarization of the presynaptic axonal boutons ...
Axonal transport of monoclonal antibodies | Journal of Neuroscience
... was found to undergo anterograde transport in retinal ganglion cells and retrograde axonal transport in facial motoneurons. ... Axonal transport of monoclonal antibodies. TC Ritchie, RH Fabian, JV Choate and JD Coulter ... were screened for their ability to undergo uptake and axonal transport in vivo. Injections of ascitic fluid or of purified ... Neither of these antibodies was shown to undergo anterograde transport. Following retrograde transport in motoneurons, the S- ...
British Library EThOS: Modifying axonal transport as a therapeutic strategy for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
... retrograde axonal transport and demonstrated that inhibitors of p38 MAPKα can be used to determine the role of axonal transport ... pharmacological enhancers of retrograde axonal transport that could be used to prove conclusively whether axonal transport ... Modifying axonal transport as a therapeutic strategy for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Author: Gibbs, K. L. ISNI: 0000 0004 ... Deficits in retrograde axonal transport have been described at a presymptomatic stage in the SOD1G93A mouse model of ALS. The ...
Erowid.org: Erowid Reference 1142 : Long-Term Impairment of Anterograde Axonal Transport Along Fiber Projections Originating in...
Ricaurte GA Long-Term Impairment of Anterograde Axonal Transport Along Fiber Projections Originating in the Rostral Raphe ... Along with anterograde axonal transport, we measured two 5-HT axonal markers, 5-HT and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA). ... These reductions were associated with lasting decrements in 5-HT axonal markers. In general, decreases in axonal transport were ... "Long-Term Impairment of Anterograde Axonal Transport Along Fiber Projections Originating in the Rostral Raphe Nuclei After ...
Axonal transport and behavioural defects in Drosophila expressing wild-type and mutant tau - ePrints Soton
Mudher, Amritpal K., Mackay, Daniel, Chee, Francis, Shepherd, David and Lovestone, Simon (2004) Axonal transport and ... Axonal transport and behavioural defects in Drosophila expressing wild-type and mutant tau ... Axonal transport and behavioural defects in Drosophila expressing wild-type and mutant tau ... Axonal transport and behavioural defects in Drosophila expressing wild-type and mutant tau ...
Cultured dissociated primary dorsal root ganglion neurons from adult horses enable study of axonal transport.
... ... 2022). Cultured dissociated primary dorsal root ganglion neurons from adult horses enable study of axonal transport.. J Anat ... Our culture model will be a useful tool to study the contribution of axonal transport defects to specific neurodegenerative ... diseases in horses as well as comparative studies aimed at evaluating species-specific differences in axonal transport and ...
Vesicular glycolysis provides on-board energy for fast axonal transport
... requires consistent energy over long distances to fuel the molecular motors that transport vesicles. We demonstrate that ... Fast axonal transport (FAT) requires consistent energy over long distances to fuel the molecular motors that transport vesicles ... Vesicular glycolysis provides on-board energy for fast axonal transport Cell. 2013 Jan 31;152(3):479-91. doi: 10.1016/j.cell. ... Finally, we show that vesicular GAPDH is necessary and sufficient to provide on-board energy for fast vesicular transport. ...
0911.2722] A Stochastic Compartmental Model for Fast Axonal Transport
Axonal transport of the cytoplasmic matrix. | Journal of Cell Biology | Rockefeller University Press
Axonal transport of the cytoplasmic matrix., Journal of Cell Biology, Volume 99, Issue 1, 1 July 1984, Pages 212s-221s, https: ... Proteins transported in slow components a and b of axonal transport are distributed differently in the transverse plane of the ... Axonal transport of the cytoplasmic matrix. R J Lasek, R J Lasek ... Differential axonal transport of isotubulins in the motor axons ... R J Lasek, J A Garner, S T Brady; Axonal transport of the cytoplasmic matrix.. J Cell Biol 1 July 1984; 99 (1): 212s-221s. doi ...
ROS regulation of axonal mitochondrial transport is mediated by Ca&l
ROS regulation of axonal mitochondrial transport is mediated by Ca,sup,2+,/sup, and JNK in ,i,Drosophila,/i,. Peter J. ... which have been shown to regulate mitochondrial transport and general fast axonal transport, respectively. We found that ... Oxidative stress and abnormal mitochondrial axonal transport are associated with neurodegenerative disorders. However, we know ... we found that ROS inhibited mitochondrial axonal transport more specifically, primarily due to reduced flux and velocity, but ...
On the kinetics and maximal capacity of the system for rapid axonal transport in mammalian neurones.<...
Brimijoin, S. / On the kinetics and maximal capacity of the system for rapid axonal transport in mammalian neurones. In: The ... Brimijoin, S. (1979). On the kinetics and maximal capacity of the system for rapid axonal transport in mammalian neurones. The ... Brimijoin, S 1979, On the kinetics and maximal capacity of the system for rapid axonal transport in mammalian neurones., The ... On the kinetics and maximal capacity of the system for rapid axonal transport in mammalian neurones. The Journal of Physiology ...
axonal transport Archives - MND Research Blog
Category:GO:0008089 ! anterograde axonal transport - GONUTS
synonym: "anterograde axon cargo transport" EXACT []. is_a: GO:0098930 ! axonal transport. relationship: occurs_in: GO:1904115 ... name: anterograde axonal transport. namespace: biological_process. def: "The directed movement of organelles or molecules along ... Pages in category "GO:0008089 ! anterograde axonal transport". The following 29 pages are in this category, out of 29 total. ... Retrieved from "https://gowiki.tamu.edu/wiki/index.php?title=Category:GO:0008089_!_anterograde_axonal_transport&oldid=5857365" ...
Research Profile Listing | Directory of Faculty Research Interests
It also implicates the importance of axonal transport dysfunction | Mtor Inhibitors
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
Thus, the identification of this mutation provides further support for the role of the cytoskeleton and axonal transport in ALS ... This type of axonal degeneration can be seen in the brain on biopsy as atrophy and pallor of myelinated motor axons in the ... Axonal degeneration. Motor axons die by Wallerian degeneration in ALS, and large motor neurons are affected to a greater extent ... This forms small ovoid compartments containing axonal debris and surrounding myelin, termed myelin ovoids. Ovoids then are ...
talks.cam : Deficits in axonal transport in ALS and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease models
Altered axonal mitochondrial transport in the pathogenesis of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease from mitofusin 2 mutations. | J...
Altered axonal mitochondrial transport in the pathogenesis of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease from mitofusin 2 mutations.. Baloh, ... The diminished axonal mitochondrial transport was not attributable to diminished ATP levels in the neurons, and oxidative ... Interestingly, transport of mitochondria in axons was significantly impaired in neurons expressing disease-mutated forms of ... Transporte Axonal/genética Doença de Charcot-Marie-Tooth/genética Doença de Charcot-Marie-Tooth/metabolismo Proteínas de ...
Single dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurons form two chemically distinct synaptic types: possible transmitter segregation within...
Previous studies have shown that anterograde transport of tritiated labeled proteins from the substantia nigra to the striatum ... Axonal Transport * Corpus Striatum / anatomy & histology * Corpus Striatum / physiology * Corpus Striatum / ultrastructure* ... Previous studies have shown that anterograde transport of tritiated labeled proteins from the substantia nigra to the striatum ... to terminal labeling produced a large increase in the occurrence of radiolabeled striatal axonal varicosities with the result ...
Oligodendroglial modulation of fast axonal transport in a mouse model of hereditary spastic paraplegia :: MPG.PuRe
... axonal transport; hereditary spastic paraplegia; axonal degeneration; Title: Oligodendroglial modulation of fast axonal ... transport in a mouse model of hereditary spastic paraplegia ... Oligodendroglial modulation of fast axonal transport in a mouse ... 2004). Oligodendroglial modulation of fast axonal transport in a mouse model of hereditary spastic paraplegia. Journal of Cell ...
AP3B2 adaptor related protein complex 3 subunit beta 2 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI
involved_in anterograde axonal transport ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity. more info ... involved_in anterograde synaptic vesicle transport IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor. more info ... involved_in anterograde synaptic vesicle transport ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity. more info ... involved_in vesicle-mediated transport IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor. more info ...
Science-Heavy Animation Looks at the Possibility of a Real Zombie Apocalypse
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
Thus, the identification of this mutation provides further support for the role of the cytoskeleton and axonal transport in ALS ... This type of axonal degeneration can be seen in the brain on biopsy as atrophy and pallor of myelinated motor axons in the ... Axonal degeneration. Motor axons die by Wallerian degeneration in ALS, and large motor neurons are affected to a greater extent ... This forms small ovoid compartments containing axonal debris and surrounding myelin, termed myelin ovoids. Ovoids then are ...
Amyloidogenic Processing of Amyloid Precursor Protein Drives Stretch-Induced
Disruption of Axonal Transport in hiPSC-Derived...
NIOSHTIC-2 Search Results - Full View
Retrograde transport; Axonal transport; Sciatic nerve; Neurotoxin; Neurotoxicology; Axonopathy; Neuropathy ... The inhibitory effect of acrylamide on retrograde axon transport was transient since transport deficits were not detectable 35 ... Single injection of acrylamide (1.3 mmol/kg, i.p.) inhibited retrograde axon transport of [125I]tetanus toxin in hen sensory ... Accumulated decrements in retrograde axon transport may be the underlying cause of degeneration of motor axons in acrylamide ...
Neuroscience2015 | Per session
Axonal Transport and Cytoskeleton. *Place: Poster (Hall No.1 Building, Kobe International Exhibition Hall) ... Axonal Transport and Cytoskeleton. *Place: Poster (Hall No.1 Building, Kobe International Exhibition Hall) ... Axonal/Dendritic Growth and Circuit Formation. *Place: Poster (Hall No.1 Building, Kobe International Exhibition Hall) ... Axonal/Dendritic Growth and Circuit Formation. *Place: Poster (Hall No.1 Building, Kobe International Exhibition Hall) ...
The Preventive Effect of Oxytocin to Cisplatin-Induced Neurotoxicity: An Experimental Rat Model
Axonal transport is important for axonal integrity. Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production causes distal axonal ... C. Fang, D. Bourdette, and G. Banker, "Oxidative stress inhibits axonal transport: implications for neurodegenerative diseases ... depletion and increased intra-axonal calcium levels caused by mitochondrial damage exacerbate the axonal damage. The decrease ... ROS can directly inhibit the axonal transportation in the early phase [32]. In addition to that, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) ...
Normal huntingtin function: an alternative approach to Huntington's disease | Nature Reviews Neuroscience
Wild-type huntingtin also regulates fast axonal trafficking, vesicle transport (including transport of BDNF) and synaptic ... Disruption of axonal transport by loss of huntingtin or expression of pathogenic PolyQ proteins in Drosophila. Neuron 40, 25-40 ... Neuropathogenic forms of huntingtin and androgen receptor inhibit fast axonal transport. Neuron 40, 41-52 (2003). ... melanogaster huntingtin or expression of proteins containing pathogenic polyQ repeats disrupts axonal transport. ...
Effect of acute intraocular pressure changes on short posterior ciliary artery haemodynamics | British Journal of Ophthalmology
1983) Blockage of axonal transport in the optic nerve induced by elevation of intraocular pressure. Effect of arterial ... 1983) Blockade of axon transport in optic nerve induced by elevation of IOP: effect of arterial hypertension induced by ... cats given infusion of angiotensin I when exposed to elevated IOP have been shown to suffer more short term axonal injury ...
RetrogradeFast axonal transportNeuronsDisruption of Axonal TransportAxonsMitochondriaDefectsDegenerationDeficitsSynapticProteinsInhibitorsPathogenesisMetabolismIntracellularNeuronalNeurofilamentNeuronesCytoplasmicAbnormalDetectableVivoSensoryVesiclesPeripheral NeuropathyDecrementsMicrotubule tracksCellularDependentSuperior colliculusSurvivalProximalVelocityNerveARTICLETissueJournalShownFunctionActiveProcessGeneralSystemFindings
Retrograde20
- Retrograde transport by facial nucleus motoneurons was evaluated after injections of antibody into the mystatial vibrissal skin and musculature. (jneurosci.org)
- One monoclonal antibody, S-2C10, was found to undergo anterograde transport in retinal ganglion cells and retrograde axonal transport in facial motoneurons. (jneurosci.org)
- Two other antibodies tested, S-4E9 and S-1G10, exhibited the ability to undergo retrograde transport, but only after injections at relatively high antibody concentrations (greater than or equal to 1.0% IgG). (jneurosci.org)
- Following retrograde transport in motoneurons, the S-2C10 antibody was localized in neuronal perikarya, proximal dendrites, and the adjacent neuropil of the facial motor nucleus. (jneurosci.org)
- Deficits in retrograde axonal transport have been described at a presymptomatic stage in the SOD1G93A mouse model of ALS. (bl.uk)
- The goal of my PhD project was to identify pharmacological enhancers of retrograde axonal transport that could be used to prove conclusively whether axonal transport defects play a significant role in ALS pathogenesis. (bl.uk)
- To this aim, I developed and performed a microscopy-based screen for the identification of pharmacological enhancers of retrograde axonal transport in motor neurons. (bl.uk)
- I was able to demonstrate that the accumulation of α-p75NTR and HCT in the cell body of mouse ES-derived motor neurons acts as a sensitive read-out of retrograde axonal transport efficiency and using this assay, I identified and validated two compounds (A1 and E4) that were able to accelerate retrograde axonal transport in motor neurons. (bl.uk)
- Inhibition of p38 MAPK was found to correct deficits in retrograde axonal transport in SOD1G93A motor neurons both in vitro and in vivo. (bl.uk)
- It was found to accelerate retrograde axonal transport in both wild type and SOD1G93A motor neurons, but had no effect on anterograde transport speeds. (bl.uk)
- In conclusion, this thesis work has identified inhibitors of p38 MAPK and IGF1R as novel modifiers of retrograde axonal transport and demonstrated that inhibitors of p38 MAPKα can be used to determine the role of axonal transport defects in ALS pathogenesis. (bl.uk)
- Progressive deficits in retrograde axon transport precede degeneration of motor axons in acrylamide neuropathy. (cdc.gov)
- Single injection of acrylamide (1.3 mmol/kg, i.p.) inhibited retrograde axon transport of [125I]tetanus toxin in hen sensory and motor axons. (cdc.gov)
- The inhibitory effect of acrylamide on retrograde axon transport was transient since transport deficits were not detectable 35 h after dosing. (cdc.gov)
- Multiple doses of acrylamide (0.42 mmol/kg, i.p.) induced progressive clinical signs of acrylamide neuropathy that correlated with increasing deficits in retrograde axon transport of [125I]tetanus skin to ventral spinal cord. (cdc.gov)
- Accumulated decrements in retrograde axon transport may be the underlying cause of degeneration of motor axons in acrylamide neuropathy in fowl. (cdc.gov)
- Iliev A, Wouters FS (2007) Application of simple photobleaching microscopy techniques for the determination of the balance between anterograde and retrograde axonal transport. (uni-goettingen.de)
- Studies on cultured nerve cells have shown that axonal neurofilaments move rapidly and intermittently along microtubule tracks in both anterograde and retrograde directions. (eneuro.org)
- Transport can be anterograde (from the cell body) or retrograde (toward the cell body). (bvsalud.org)
- Comprehend the importance of adeno-associated virus (AAV) serotypes in regulating tropism, retrograde versus anterograde transport, and other factors. (sfn.org)
Fast axonal transport3
- Fast axonal transport (FAT) requires consistent energy over long distances to fuel the molecular motors that transport vesicles. (nih.gov)
- To understand the mechanisms underlying these effects, we examined Ca 2+ levels and the JNK (c-Jun N-terminal Kinase) pathway, which have been shown to regulate mitochondrial transport and general fast axonal transport, respectively. (researcher-app.com)
- 2004). Oligodendroglial modulation of fast axonal transport in a mouse model of hereditary spastic paraplegia. (mpg.de)
Neurons14
- Cultured dissociated primary dorsal root ganglion neurons from adult horses enable study of axonal transport. (cam.ac.uk)
- Although inhibiting ATP production from mitochondria did not affect vesicles motility, pharmacological or genetic inhibition of the glycolytic enzyme GAPDH reduced transport in cultured neurons and in Drosophila larvae. (nih.gov)
- Although detaching GAPDH from vesicles reduced transport, targeting GAPDH to vesicles was sufficient to promote FAT in GAPDH deficient neurons. (nih.gov)
- In this paper we develop a probabilistic micro-scale compartmental model and use it to study macro-scale properties of axonal transport, the process by which intracellular cargo is moved in the axons of neurons. (arxiv.org)
- To maintain cellular function and survival in neurons, mitochondria are transported along axons, and accumulate in regions with high demand for their functions. (researcher-app.com)
- Interestingly, transport of mitochondria in axons was significantly impaired in neurons expressing disease -mutated forms of MFN2. (bvsalud.org)
- The diminished axonal mitochondrial transport was not attributable to diminished ATP levels in the neurons , and oxidative respiration was normal in mutant MFN2-expressing cells . (bvsalud.org)
- Additionally, mitochondrial oxidative enzyme activity was normal in muscle mitochondria from a CMT2 patient with an MFN2 mutation , further supporting that abnormal mitochondrial transport in neurons is independent from an energy production defect. (bvsalud.org)
- Thus, we suggest that single dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra make two types of synaptic contact with striatal cells: 1) symmetric synapses en passant, which can be stained with tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine and which contact dendritic spine necks, and 2) asymmetric terminal boutons of unknown chemical nature which end on dendritic spine heads. (nih.gov)
- Amyloidogenic Processing of Amyloid Precursor Protein Drives Stretch-Induced Disruption of Axonal Transport in hiPSC-Derived Neurons. (amedeo.com)
- Herpes Simplex Virus gE/gI and US9 Promote both Envelopment and Sorting of Virus Particles in the Cytoplasm of Neurons, Two Processes That Precede Anterograde Transport in Axons. (ohsu.edu)
- Herpes simplex virus gE/gI extracellular domains promote axonal transport and spread from neurons to epithelial cells. (ohsu.edu)
- In neurons, the requirement of active transport is highly significant because they are highly polarized and have extensive sub-cellular domains that have unique functions. (brainfacts.org)
- So, in neurons, gene products such as proteins or RNAs, and organelles such as mitochondria, are transported by kinesin transport machinery from the cell body to their sub-cellular destinations. (brainfacts.org)
Disruption of Axonal Transport1
- Individually, neurodegeneration in ALS might result from a complex interaction of glutamate excitotoxicity, the genesis of free radicals, SOD1 enzymes, disruption of axonal transport processes through aggregation of neurofilament intracellular accumulates, cytoplasmic protein accumulates, combined with mitochondrial dysfunction. (medacess.com)
Axons13
- GAPDH localizes on vesicles via a huntingtin-dependent mechanism and is transported on fast-moving vesicles within axons. (nih.gov)
- After incubation, the distribution of dopamine‐beta‐hydroxylase (DBH) activity along the nerves was examined as an indication of the behaviour of rapid transport in adrenergic axons. (elsevier.com)
- This abnormal mitochondrial trafficking provides a likely explanation for the selective susceptibility of the longest peripheral axons to MFN2 mutations , in which proper localization of mitochondria is critical for axonal and synaptic function. (bvsalud.org)
- Characterization of the Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Tegument Proteins That Bind to gE/gI and US9, Which Promote Assembly of HSV and Transport into Neuronal Axons. (ohsu.edu)
- Kinesin-1 Proteins KIF5A, -5B, and -5C Promote Anterograde Transport of Herpes Simplex Virus Enveloped Virions in Axons. (ohsu.edu)
- In glaucoma, the most common optic neuropathy, sensitivity to intraocular pressure (IOP) challenges RGC axons early, including degradation of anterograde transport to the superior colliculus (SC). (biomedcentral.com)
- Neurofilaments are abundant space-filling cytoskeletal polymers that are transported into and along axons. (eneuro.org)
- Neurofilaments are important structural components of axons that are transported from the cell body to the axon tip in a "stop-and-go" manner. (eneuro.org)
- Here we show that neurofilament transport is bidirectional in mature myelinated axons in vivo , with a significant fraction of the filaments moving backward toward the cell body. (eneuro.org)
- The fact that axons invest metabolic energy to move neurofilaments backwards as well as forwards in axons is puzzling, and it suggests that neurofilament transport is not simply a mechanism to deliver neurofilaments to axons. (eneuro.org)
- We speculate that the bidirectional movement of neurofilaments functions to also distribute and organize these polymers in axons, which is a different way of thinking about axonal transport. (eneuro.org)
- This axonal expansion is driven in part by an accumulation of neurofilaments, which are space-filling cytoskeletal polymers that move into and along axons by the mechanisms of axonal transport ( Hoffman, 1995 ). (eneuro.org)
- The directed transport of ORGANELLES and molecules along nerve cell AXONS . (bvsalud.org)
Mitochondria1
- Mutation of huntingtin causes reduced BDNF production, enhanced activity of the RE1/NRSE silencer (with repression of neuronal gene transcription), reduced transport of mitochondria and BDNF, altered synaptic transmission and many other alterations as a consequence of its increased toxicity. (nature.com)
Defects5
- The early appearance of transport defects suggests that they may play an important role in disease pathogenesis. (bl.uk)
- Mudher, Amritpal K. , Mackay, Daniel , Chee, Francis , Shepherd, David and Lovestone, Simon (2004) Axonal transport and behavioural defects in Drosophila expressing wild-type and mutant tau. (soton.ac.uk)
- Our culture model will be a useful tool to study the contribution of axonal transport defects to specific neurodegenerative diseases in horses as well as comparative studies aimed at evaluating species-specific differences in axonal transport and survival. (cam.ac.uk)
- We found that elevated ROS increased Ca 2+ levels, and that experimental reduction of Ca 2+ to physiological levels rescued ROS-induced defects in mitochondrial transport in primary neuron cell cultures. (researcher-app.com)
- In addition to transport defects, ROS produces imbalances in mitochondrial fission-fusion and metabolic state, indicating that mitochondrial transport, fission-fusion steady state, and metabolic state are closely interrelated in the response to ROS. (researcher-app.com)
Degeneration1
- However, the causative role of axonal transport deficits in ALS motor neuron degeneration has not yet been demonstrated directly. (bl.uk)
Deficits1
- Using genetic and pharmacological approaches, I was able to demonstrate that p38 MAPKα is responsible for the transport deficits observed. (bl.uk)
Synaptic3
- We conclude that both the asymmetric terminal and symmetric en passant synapses take origin from a single nigrostriatal dopaminergic neuronal population and that dopaminergic transmitter markers occur only in one of these synaptic types in the rat striatum. (nih.gov)
- Wild-type huntingtin also regulates fast axonal trafficking, vesicle transport (including transport of BDNF) and synaptic transmission, and so has a crucial role in normal brain function. (nature.com)
- An essential process in synaptic plasticity is the axonal transport. (brainfacts.org)
Proteins5
- Previous studies have shown that anterograde transport of tritiated labeled proteins from the substantia nigra to the striatum over short survival times primarily labels asymmetric synapses (and that these asymmetric synapses are preferentially vulnerable to selective dopaminergic neurotoxins such as 6-hydroxydopamine). (nih.gov)
- Herpes simplex virus membrane proteins gE/gI and US9 act cooperatively to promote transport of capsids and glycoproteins from neuron cell bodies into initial axon segments. (ohsu.edu)
- Researchers have identified hundreds of proteins that are consistently transported throughout the healthy brain via small membrane-enclosed sacs. (neurosciencenews.com)
- Scientists at Scripps Research have discovered hundreds of proteins that are constantly transported throughout the healthy brain in small membrane-enclosed sacs, revealing a new form of communication between brain cells. (neurosciencenews.com)
- The axonal transport of neurofilament proteins was discovered using radioisotopic pulse-labeling ( Hoffman and Lasek, 1975 ). (eneuro.org)
Inhibitors1
- Mitosis inhibitors and axonal transport. (bvsalud.org)
Pathogenesis1
- Altered axonal mitochondrial transport in the pathogenesis of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease from mitofusin 2 mutations. (bvsalud.org)
Metabolism1
- [ 5 ] The blood supply to the optic nerve, the axonal or ganglion cell metabolism, and the lamina cribrosa extracellular matrix may play a role. (medscape.com)
Intracellular1
- Chédiak-Higashi syndrome (CHS) is an autosomal recessive immunodeficiency disorder characterized by abnormal intracellular protein transport. (medscape.com)
Neuronal1
- In contrast, the S- 4E9 and S-1G10 antibodies were localized in punctate granules within neuronal cell somata following transport. (jneurosci.org)
Neurofilament3
- However, it is unclear whether neurofilament transport is also bidirectional in vivo . (eneuro.org)
- We show that the directional bias and velocity of neurofilament transport can be calculated from these measurements. (eneuro.org)
- Thus, neurofilament transport is bidirectional in vivo , with a significant fraction of the filaments moving retrogradely in both juvenile and adult mice. (eneuro.org)
Neurones2
- On the kinetics and maximal capacity of the system for rapid axonal transport in mammalian neurones. (elsevier.com)
- Dive into the research topics of 'On the kinetics and maximal capacity of the system for rapid axonal transport in mammalian neurones. (elsevier.com)
Cytoplasmic1
- Axonal transport of the cytoplasmic matrix. (rupress.org)
Abnormal1
- Oxidative stress and abnormal mitochondrial axonal transport are associated with neurodegenerative disorders. (researcher-app.com)
Detectable1
- Transported immunoglobulins were detectable even after injections of dilute antibody solution (0.01- 0.05% IgG), and the uptake-transport process for this antibody appeared saturable. (jneurosci.org)
Vivo2
- Three monoclonal antibodies against rat brain synaptosomes, produced by conventional hybridoma techniques, were screened for their ability to undergo uptake and axonal transport in vivo. (jneurosci.org)
- Using the Drosophila third instar larval nervous system as the in vivo model, we found that ROS inhibited mitochondrial axonal transport more specifically, primarily due to reduced flux and velocity, but did not affect transport of other organelles. (researcher-app.com)
Sensory2
- Herpes keratitis in the absence of anterograde transport of virus from sensory ganglia to the cornea. (ohsu.edu)
- Otherwise, if the immune system declines, the VZV is reactivated HZ incidence coefficients in North America, Europe, and Asia and, through anthrograde transport, proceeds to the sensory range from 3 to 5 cases per 1,000 person-years. (bvsalud.org)
Vesicles1
- 2018 ) Presynaptic Biogenesis Requires Axonal Transport of Lysosome-Related Vesicles. (neurotree.org)
Peripheral Neuropathy1
- Both the axonal type and the demyelinating type of peripheral neuropathy associated with CHS have been reported. (medscape.com)
Decrements1
- These reductions were associated with lasting decrements in 5-HT axonal markers. (erowid.org)
Microtubule tracks1
- Kinesins transport cargos by walking unidirectionally along microtubule tracks hydrolyzing one molecule of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) at each step. (brainfacts.org)
Cellular1
- Transport of cellular components along microtubules (MTs) is important in virtually all cell types and required for normal cellular activities. (elifesciences.org)
Dependent2
Superior colliculus1
- Injections of ascitic fluid or of purified immunoglobulin G (IgG) were made into the vitreal chamber of the eye in anesthetized rats to test for anterograde transport in retinal afferents to the contralateral superior colliculus. (jneurosci.org)
Survival1
- Employing longer survival times (10 days after the nigral isotope injections) in order to enhance the ratio of "en passant" to terminal labeling produced a large increase in the occurrence of radiolabeled striatal axonal varicosities with the result that many symmetric synapses en passant were double-labeled with both the autoradiographic and the immunohistochemical markers. (nih.gov)
Proximal2
- 2. With temperature gradients of 5 and 8 degrees C, transport velocity in the proximal regions was expected from previous work to be, respectively, 1.5 and 2 times faster than in the distal regions. (elsevier.com)
- 3. A temperature gradient of 13 degrees C was expected to produce a threefold difference in transport velocity between proximal and distal regions. (elsevier.com)
Velocity2
- This increment was up to 50% of the normal activity and it propagated distally at the velocity expected for transport at the local temperature. (elsevier.com)
- There was no indication that such increases led to significant changes in the velocity of transport. (elsevier.com)
Nerve2
- The findings suggest that the uptake-transport process for the S-2C10 antibody is mediated by adsorptive endocytosis following binding of the antibody to a plasma membrane component (or components) present in somadendritic and nerve terminal membranes. (jneurosci.org)
- In the distal nerve, increased Cx43 also indicated with a higher level of intact anterograde transport from retina to SC. (biomedcentral.com)
ARTICLE1
- This article discusses the extent to which transport is a barrier during learnerships for students with disabilities. (bvsalud.org)
Tissue1
- Transported immunoglobulins were localized in tissue sections using a modification of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique. (jneurosci.org)
Journal1
- 2016 ) Aplip1 Controls the Processivity of Neurexin Axonal Transport Biophysical Journal . (neurotree.org)
Shown2
- Neither of these antibodies was shown to undergo anterograde transport. (jneurosci.org)
- Kinesin transports several gene products that are important for memory formation and here we have shown how important kinesins are for long-term memory storage. (brainfacts.org)
Function1
- Axonal dependence on astrocytes for even normal function accentuates the critical role astrocytes serve during disease. (biomedcentral.com)
Active1
- 2015 ) A high affinity RIM-binding protein/Aplip1 interaction prevents the formation of ectopic axonal active zones. (neurotree.org)
Process1
- It also implicates the importance of axonal transport dysfunction in the process of neurodegeneration. (mtor-inhibitors.com)
General1
- In general, decreases in axonal transport were less pronounced than those in 5-HT and 5-HIAA. (erowid.org)
System1
- The paired salivary glands in the cockroach are composed of acini with ion-transporting peripheral P-cells and protein-secreting central C-cells, and a duct system for the modification of the primary saliva. (biologists.com)
Findings2
- The findings demonstrated that transport barriers were present in different modes of transport and different parts of the travel chain. (bvsalud.org)
- The findings indicated that inaccessible transport is an integral cause of learnership incompletion for students with disabilities, where the universal accessibility of both transport and the built environment are a prerequisite need. (bvsalud.org)