Axin Protein

Axin Signaling Complex

beta Catenin

Wnt Proteins

Repressor Proteins

Tankyrases

Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3

Cytoskeletal Proteins

Glycogen Synthase Kinases

Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein

Wnt Signaling Pathway

Zebrafish Proteins

Lymphoid Enhancer-Binding Factor 1

Wnt1 Protein

Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-6

Signal Transduction

Wnt3 Protein

Xenopus Proteins

Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing

Proteins

Trans-Activators

Armadillo Domain Proteins

Wnt3A Protein

Craniosynostoses

MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 4

TCF Transcription Factors

Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-5

Proto-Oncogene Proteins

Destruction Complex Function in the Wnt Signaling Pathway of Drosophila Requires Multiple Interactions Between Adenomatous...

Proteins matched: Axin beta-catenin binding (IPR014936) filtered by domain architecture | InterPro | EMBL-EBI

Proteins matched: Axin beta-catenin binding (IPR014936) filtered by species | InterPro | EMBL-EBI

JAK inhibition alleviates the cellular senescence-associated secretory phenotype and frailty in old age<...

Senescence-associated secretory phenotype contributes to pathological angiogenesis in retinopathy | Science Translational...

Senolytic Therapies to Clear Senescent Cells Should Benefit Cancer Patients - Fight Aging!

Role of immune cells in the removal of deleterious senescent cells | Immunity & Ageing | Full Text

MicroRNA-34a Promotes Vascular Cellular Senescence and Consequent Calcification - Skincare

bims-tunefa 2020-06-21 papers

Clues to Healthier Aging in Cellular Senescence

Exosomes as emerging pro-tumorigenic mediators of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype | DR-NTU

Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotypes Reveal Cell-Nonautonomous Functions of Oncogenic RAS and the p53 Tumor Suppressor

A Comparative Study of Associative Classifiers in Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation Analysis: Computer Science & IT Book...

Cancer Stem Cell News Volume 7.41 | Oct 17 2018 - Science News

October 2014 - Fight Aging!

JCI - Coming of age: molecular drivers of aging and therapeutic opportunities

AXIN2 Gene - GeneCards | AXIN2 Protein | AXIN2 Antibody

Biofyzikální ústav AV ČR

mesenchymal stem cell differentiation involved in metanephric nephron morphogenesis - Ontology Report - Chinchilla Research...

Aging | Small extracellular vesicles and their miRNA cargo are anti-apoptotic members of the senescence-associated secretory...

Aging | BRD4 contributes to LPS-induced macrophage senescence and promotes progression of atherosclerosis-associated lipid...

Poroelastic modelling of peri-implnat gap - Infoscience

Congratulations Nancy! - OLIVARES-NAVARRETE LAB

Senescence Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP) Antibody Sampler Kit | Cell Signaling Technology

Alpha-Synuclein Aggregates as an Inducer of Glial Senescence: Potential Role in Parkinsons Disease | Parkinsons Disease

Oxidative stress-induced senescence markedly increases disc cell bioenergetics<...

Expression patterns and function of chromatin protein HMGB2 during mesenchymal stem cell differentiation | Arthritis Research &...

Axin interactor, dorsalization-associated protein

Senescent fibroblasts drive ageing pigmentation: ​A potential therapeutic target for senile lentigo

JCI Insight - mTOR pathway activation drives lung cell senescence and emphysema

Axin1 - Axin-1 - Mus musculus (Mouse) - Axin1 gene & protein

APC membrane recruitment protein 2

AXIN2 (Human) Recombinant Protein (Q02) - (H00008313-Q02) - Products - Abnova

Immunoregulatory Effects of Glutathione During Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation to Hepatocyte-Like Cells

bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell differentiation (BMSCs) - Allie: Co-occurring abbreviation

BMP-2: A Stem Cell Therapy Growth Factor (Cytokine)

beta Catenin, clone: 15B8, eBioscience™ 100μg; Unconjugated beta Catenin, clone: 15B8, eBioscience™

Gentaur Molecular :Prospecbio \ Mouse Anti Human Axin-1 AXIN1 \ ant-021

Pesquisa | Portal Regional da BVS

Relation of osteogenic potential and stemness during mesenchymal stem cell differentiation - Faculty of Science Repository

Beta catenin | definition of Beta catenin by Medical dictionary

Membrane Bound Axin Is Sufficient for Wingless Signaling in Drosophila Embryos | Genetics

Yorkie

2011 Questions Week 14 Answers - 1 What happens when you deplete beta catenin in planarians-The organism is no longer able to...

LRRK2ELISA试剂盒产品概述

Signalosome

Frzb

Adenomatous polyposis coli

Autocrine signalling

AXIN1

Beta-catenin

MACF1

DVL1

Autocrine signaling

Dishevelled

Beta-catenina, a enciclopedia libre

Biomolecular condensate

Casein kinase 1

AXIN2

GSK3B

Plakoglobin

CSNK1D

Wnt signaling pathway

Secreted frizzled-related protein 1

Catenin

PPP2R5B

Ragulator-Rag complex

PSEN1

PPM1A

Primitive streak

Kang-Yell Choi

MAP3K1

RNF111

Casein kinase 1 isoform epsilon

Marc Kirschner

PPP2CB

Ubiquitin C

AMP-activated protein kinase

Pathway105

• The best-characterized form of Wnt signaling is the Wnt/β-catenin, or canonical Wnt, pathway ( 1 ). (pnas.org)
• Neuroprotective effects of DAAO are mediated via the ERK1/2 signaling pathway in a glaucomatous animal model. (bioportfolio.com)
• VCP/p97 controls signals of the ERK1/2 pathway transmitted via the Shoc2 scaffolding complex: novel insights into IBMPFD pathology. (bioportfolio.com)
• FRPs bind to the LRP (low-density-lipoprotein-related protein) co-receptors blocking activation of the Wnt signaling pathway. (wikipedia.org)
• One such pathway that involves Frizzled (Fz) family is the Wnt/β-Catenin (β-Cat) signaling. (wikipedia.org)
• The β-Cat and TCF complex activates target genes of the Wnt pathway. (wikipedia.org)
• This gene encodes a tumor suppressor protein that acts as an antagonist of the Wnt signaling pathway. (genecards.org)
• APC (APC Regulator Of WNT Signaling Pathway) is a Protein Coding gene. (genecards.org)
• Required for MMP9 up-regulation via the JNK signaling pathway in colorectal tumor cells. (genecards.org)
• Axin facilitates Smad3 activation in the transforming growth factor beta signaling pathway. (springer.com)
• It is not clear whether these events represent a single pathway targeting the consequences of p53 signaling or whether there are multiple converging pathways or networks involved in the bypass of Ras-induced senescence. (pnas.org)
• Indeed, activation of the PI3K pathway with subsequent inactivation of GSK3β and up-regulation of cyclin D1 is sufficient to bypass p53-induced senescence and p53-induced senescence is associated with a decrease in signaling through the PI3K pathway ( 16 ). (pnas.org)
• The Wnt signaling pathway including Axin, APC and β-catenin is targeted by mutation in multiple tumor lineages ( 17 ). (pnas.org)
• A systematic genetic analysis comprising seven genome-wide screens in haploid human cells uncovered new regulatory mechanisms at most levels in the WNT signaling pathway. (elifesciences.org)
• The Wnt signalling pathway is the major driving force for homeostatic self-renewal and regeneration in the mammalian intestine. (nih.gov)
• The canonical wingless/integrated (WNT) signaling pathway is considered. (hindawi.com)
• The WNT signaling pathway is a cascade of biochemical reactions transducing signals from the extracellular space into the cells. (hindawi.com)
• The pathway is activated by the binding of WNT-protein ligands to Frizzled family receptors, which pass the biological signal to the Dishevelled (DVL) protein inside the cell. (hindawi.com)
• The WNT signaling pathway model contains 7 WNT ligands, 7 FZD receptors, 2 LRP coreceptors, and 40 readouts. (hindawi.com)
• The main objective of this paper is to investigate the effect of linearization (based on Taylor series expansion) for a custom prototype model of the human WNT signaling pathway described above, similar to the Reactome model in terms of structure and complexity [ 4 , 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
• In response to activation of the Wnt signaling pathway, β-catenin accumulates in the nucleus, where it cooperates with LEF/TCF (for lymphoid enhancer factor and T-cell factor) transcription factors to activate gene expression. (asm.org)
• In addition to these parts of the cascade, additional steps are involved because proteins such as axin/conductin/axil and GBP have been identified recently as regulatory components of this pathway ( 6 , 32 , 34 , 69 , 70 , 72 ). (asm.org)
• This protein functions as a negative regulator of the wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 1 (WNT) signaling pathway and can induce apoptosis. (nih.gov)
• down-regulates CTNNB1 to inhibit the Wnt signaling pathway and ventralize embryos, but also dorsalizes embryos by activating a Wnt-independent JNK signaling pathway (PubMed:12192039). (nih.gov)
• Recent findings suggest that the prostaglandin E 2 , the proinflammatory product of elevated cyclooxygenase-2 activity in colon cancer, stimulates cancer cell growth through a G protein-dependent signaling pathway coupling the prostaglandin EP2 receptor to β-catenin control. (aacrjournals.org)
• However, in line with the central role of the β-catenin pathway in colorectal tumorigenesis, patients that do retain a functional APC harbor instead activating mutations in β-catenin or inactivating mutations in Axin (reviewed in refs. (aacrjournals.org)
• The latter is a large scaffold protein that binds APC and β-catenin, which inhibits the β-catenin pathway by forming a molecular complex with glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), a kinase that phosphorylates β-catenin and targets it for degradation by the proteosome ( 2 , 7 ). (aacrjournals.org)
• citation needed] Normally, the Wnt signaling pathway leads to stabilization of β-catenin through inactivation of a protein complex containing the tumor suppressors APC and Axin. (wikipedia.org)
• De-regulation of the autocrine Wnt signaling pathway via mutations in APC and Axin have been linked to activation of various types of human cancer. (wikipedia.org)
• Furthermore, in human breast cancer, interference with the de-regulated Wnt signaling pathway reduces proliferation and survival of cancer. (wikipedia.org)
• Further investigation revealed that mutant EGFR could activate the oncogenic STAT3 pathway via upregulated IL-6 autocrine signaling. (wikipedia.org)
• Both mouse and human in vivo models of HER2-overexpressing breast cancers relied critically on this HER2-IL-6-STAT3 signaling pathway. (wikipedia.org)
• These ligand-receptor interactions trigger a diversity of downstream signaling pathways, including the "canonical" Wnt/β-catenin pathway, the Wnt/Planar cell polarity pathway, and the Wnt/Ca 2+ pathway ( 1 ). (aacrjournals.org)
• Following a detailed review of the specifics of this signaling pathway, we describe its role in the differentiation, polarization, and memory formation of post-thymic T lymphocytes. (aacrjournals.org)
• Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. (aacrjournals.org)
• Wnt signaling through the canonical β-catenin pathway plays essential roles in development and disease. (biologists.org)
• The outcome of the most intensively studied Wnt pathway - the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway - relies to a large extent on the regulation of the stability/abundance of the β-catenin protein ( Fig. 1 ). (biologists.org)
• The destruction complex in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is critical for regulating the level of β-catenin in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus. (aacrjournals.org)
• Wnt/β-catenin signaling is an essential intracellular pathway in early embryonic development and multiple other physiologic processes. (aacrjournals.org)
• The wnt signaling pathway, along with its components, has been shown to be crucial in directing cell fate during embryogenesis. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
• Distinctive sequences of events follow the activation of this signal transduction pathway. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
• To produce a replicating adenovirus targeting a known causal oncogenic defect, we have taken advantage of the constitutive activation of the wnt signaling pathway invariably seen in colon cancer ( 27 ). (asm.org)
• Activation of the pathway results mainly from mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) and β-catenin genes, although mutations have also been described in the axin gene in hepatocellular carcinoma ( 27 ). (asm.org)
• The Wnt signaling pathway is involved in the development and in the regulation, self-renewal, and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, and plays a role in sarcomagenesis. (aacrjournals.org)
• DVL3: a protein in the WNT/planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling pathway. (mybiosource.com)
• The Wingless signaling pathway controls various developmental processes in both vertebrates and invertebrates. (genetics.org)
• Here I probe the requirement for nuclear localization of APC2 and Axin in the Wg signal transduction pathway during embryonic development of Drosophila melanogaster . (genetics.org)
• THE Wnt/Wingless (Wg) signaling pathway plays essential roles in the development of animals. (genetics.org)
• The basic step in signal transduction through this pathway is the regulation of Armadillo/β-catenin (Arm/β-cat) levels. (genetics.org)
• Total RNA was extracted using Trizol of a secretory protein involved in the Slit/Roundabout reagent and Purelink® RNA mini kit (Life Technologies, (Robo) signaling pathway, namely Slit3, in HCC develop- Carlsbad, CA) as previously described [35]. (deepdyve.com)
• The species-related regulatory signaling pathway as reported in mouse and human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) 14 is likely to be applied in pig and other animals, in which PI3K/AKT signaling and TGF-beta signaling pathways, instead of LIF and bFGF signaling pathways, may play key roles to maintain porcine stem cell pluripotency 15 . (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
• In this theoretical analysis, we will consider the potential regulatory influences and interactions of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway in determining phenotypes in the NC and neuroblastoma. (frontiersin.org)
• Although this signaling pathway is known to be critical in regulating stemness, cell fate, differentiation and proliferation ( Nusse and Clevers, 2017 ), much remains unclear about its role in neuroblastoma. (frontiersin.org)
• 2001). The Wnt/ß-Catenin pathway posteriorizes neural tissue in Xenopus by an indirect mechanism requiring FGF signaling. (sdbonline.org)
• 1998). Axin, a negative regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway, forms a complex with GSK-3beta and beta-catenin and promotes GSK-3beta-dependent phosphorylation of beta-catenin. (sdbonline.org)
• Wnts are lipid modified secreted glycoproteins that signal through three major cellular pathways: the Planar Cell Polarity, the Wnt/Ca 2+ , and the Wnt/ β -catenin signaling pathway, also referred to as the canonical Wnt signaling pathway [ 1 - 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
• We show that Ube2m interacts with and modulates β‐catenin stability, and that the antagonistic effect of Nkd1 on Wnt signaling requires interaction with Axin, itself a negative pathway regulator. (embopress.org)
• Thus, integrated physical and functional mapping in mammalian cells can identify signaling components with high confidence and provides unanticipated insights into pathway regulators. (embopress.org)
• In the canonical pathway, when Wnt is present, Dsh acts through GSK3β and Axin to stabilize β-catenin, which then translocates from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, thus turning on gene transcription. (prolekare.cz)
• In the calcium pathway, Dsh regulates calcium signaling including protein kinase C (PKC) and Ca 2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), in events such as conversion extension during embryonic development. (prolekare.cz)
• In the absence of Wnt-signal (Off-state), β-catenin, an integral E-cadherin cell-cell adhesion adaptor protein and transcriptional co-regulator, is targeted by coordinated phosphorylation by CK1 and the APC/Axin/GSK-3β-complex leading to its ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation through the β-TrCP/Skp pathway. (cellsignal.com)
• E-cadherin, APC, R-spondin and Axin mutations have also been documented in tumor samples, underscoring the deregulation of this pathway in cancer. (cellsignal.com)
• A1CF-Axin2 signal axis regulates apoptosis and migration in Wilms tumor-derived cells through Wnt/β-catenin pathway. (ptglab.com)
• In budding yeast, one such signal transduction pathway called the mitotic exit network (MEN) governs the transition from mitosis to the G 1 phase of the cell cycle. (sciencemag.org)
• [2] [3] It is thought to interact with the novel protein, SPATS1 , when regulating the Wnt Signalling pathway. (wikipedia.org)
• The planar cell polarity pathway (PCP) is the most notable β-catenin independent pathway - the Wnt signal is received by the Frizzled receptor, which relays signals to DVL, which then acts as a branch point for two independent pathways, leading to the activation of small GTPases Rho and Rac. (wikipedia.org)
• Dishevelled (Dvl) is another component in the Wnt pathway, and Wnt stimulates the binding of Dvl to the scaffold protein axin, which results in the release of GSK-3β from a complex containing axin, APC, and β-catenin. (sciencemag.org)
• AXIN1 is a cytoplasmic protein which contains a regulation of G-protein signaling (RGS) domain and a dishevelled and axin (DIX) domain and is thought to function as a negative regulator of the WNT signaling pathway that regulates embryonic axis formation. (thermofisher.com)
• β-Catenin is a central mediator of Wnt signaling pathway, components of which have been implicated in B cell development and function. (jimmunol.org)
• LEF-1 was originally identified in lymphocytes, and later, LEF-1/TCF family of transcription factors were shown to be the major effectors of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway with β-catenin as a cofactor. (jimmunol.org)
• WNT signal, through the canonical pathway, controls cell fate determination and through the non-canonical pathway controls cell movement and tissue polarity. (wikipathways.org)
• Depletion of PGCP promoted cell migration and invasion via activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway components such as phospho-LRP6 and β-catenin. (oncotarget.com)
• GSK-3 becomes inactivated through the PI3K/AKT pathway when the cell receives signals like growth factors, cytokines, or insulin. (biolegend.com)
• The present study aimed at investigating effect of ZJW extracts on the biological function of CRC cells, the expression of 5-HTR1D, and molecules of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
• In this study, the effect of ZJW extracts on 5-HTR1D expression and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway were investigated and contrasted with GR127935 (GR), a known 5-HTR1D antagonist, using the CRC cell line SW403. (biomedcentral.com)
• The expression of 5-HTR1D and signaling molecules involved in the canonic Wnt/β-catenin pathway were determined by Western blot analysis. (biomedcentral.com)
• The anticancer activity of ZJW extracts may be partially achieved through attenuation of the 5-HTR1D-Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
• Aberrant Wnt signaling pathway is associated with a wide array of tumor types and plays an important role in the drug resistance of cancer stem cells (CSCs). (spandidos-publications.com)
• To explore the effects and mechanism of WNT signaling pathway inhibitor XAV939 on drug resistance in colon cancer cells, the colon cancer cells SW480 and SW620 were treated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)/cisplatin (DDP) alone or combined with XAV939. (spandidos-publications.com)
• Collectively, we show for the first time that the WNT signaling pathway inhibitor XAV939 was able to significantly increase the apoptosis induced by 5-FU/DDP, accompanied by the protein expression level alternation of β-catenin, Axin and CSC markers in colon cancer cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
• Axin, an important component of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway could be a potential molecular target for reversing multidrug resistance in colon cancer. (spandidos-publications.com)
• Accumulating evidence indicates a critical role of Wnt, Notch, Shh and Bmi-1 signaling pathway in the self-renewal and drug resistance of CSCs ( 5 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
• Recent studies indicated that XAV939 is a small molecule inhibitor of WNT signaling pathway, it broke Wnt signaling pathway in cancer cell lines through binding to tankyrase (TNKS) catalytic poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) domain, and then resulted in marked stabilization of the Axin protein, finally leading to increased β-catenin destruction ( 16 - 18 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
• Our results suggest that the WNT pathway small molecule modulator XAV939 affected apoptosis induced by 5-FU/DDP, accompanied by the protein expression level alteration of β-catenin, Axin and CSC markers in colon cancer cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
• A specific complex of WNT SIGNALING PATHWAY proteins that mediates the phosphorylation-dependent destruction of cytosolic BETA-CATENIN. (bvsalud.org)
• Furthermore, we demonstrated that activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by LiCl and LEF-1 downregulation by using siRNA regulates MMP-9, 13, 14, ADAMTS-5, and COL10A1 expression, evidenced by the observed strong binding of LEF-1 to MMP-9, 13, 14, ADAMTS-5 and COL10A promoters. (biomedcentral.com)
• TGF-Beta Signaling Phospho-Specific Array includes 176 highly specific and well-characterized phosphorylation antibodies in the TGF-Beta signaling pathway. (antibody-antibodies.com)
• The canonical Wnt signaling pathway is highly conserved in evolution, widely used throughout animal development, and frequently hyperactive in cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
• Although Wnt signaling has been the subject of extensive genetic analysis in the past, some 200 genes have now been identified as candidate modulators of this pathway by a recent study using high-throughput RNAi screening. (biomedcentral.com)
• DasGupta and colleagues [ 3 ] have recently described the use of such screening for identifying genes that modulate one of the major signal transduction mechanisms in animal cells, the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
• Key components of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
• β-catenin interacts with TCF and LEF transcription factors and is an essential member of the Wingless-Wnt signal transduction pathway. (creativebiomart.net)
• The Wingless (Wg)/Wnt signal transduction pathway directs a variety of cell fate decisions in developing animal embryos. (genetics.org)
• In addition, RacGap50C mutations interact genetically with naked cuticle and Axin , known negative regulators of the Wg pathway. (genetics.org)
• THE Wnt signaling pathway plays a critical role in many developmental processes. (genetics.org)
• Epidermal cells are exquisitely sensitive to Wg signaling levels and so this tissue provides a useful model to investigate the proteins involved in the pathway and to explore how they work together to generate pattern. (genetics.org)
• Background Beta-catenin protein is usually a vital component of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway which is usually described as an oncogenic cause in many human cancers [1]. (cylch.org)
• In head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) over expression of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway increases cell survival and invasion [2]. (cylch.org)
• Over 90% of colorectal cancers (CRC) demonstrate a deregulated Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway [7]. (cylch.org)
• The nuclear accumulation of β-catenin is usually a critical step KU-60019 in the activation process of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway and is associated with poor prognosis in cancer patients [25]. (cylch.org)
• In addition to its role in cell growth and adhesion activated canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is usually linked to malignancy stem cells [26 27 that contribute to tumor bulk recurrence and resistance to chemotherapy. (cylch.org)
• Among the molecular signaling pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of HCC, the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is one of the most frequently activated. (dovepress.com)
• One major area of interest is a recently identified signaling pathway whereby TGFβ regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transitions (EMT) and metastasis through a post-transcriptional mechanism involving the regulation of an RNA binding protein, heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein E1 (hnRNP E1). (musc.edu)
• Two major Wnt pathway branches.The canonical Wnt/ -catenin pathway antagonizes the -catenin destruction complex, consisting of Axin, GSK3 and APC to promote target gene transcription. (xenbase.org)
• By contrast,the Wnt/PCP pathway is thought to involve Frizzled/Dishevelled signaling to locally activate RhoA, ROCK and Myosin II and, at the same time, precludes the recruitment ofVangl2/Prickle to the same membrane subdomain. (xenbase.org)

Pathways38

• Salvianolate lyophilized injection (SLI) strengthens blood-brain barrier function related to ERK1/2 and Akt signaling pathways. (bioportfolio.com)
• Nerve growth factor and semaphorin 3A signaling pathways interact in regulating sensory neuronal growth cone motility. (nih.gov)
• Among its related pathways are Regulation of Wnt-mediated beta catenin signaling and target gene transcription . (genecards.org)
• Affects axin regulation of the WNT and JNK signaling pathways. (genecards.org)
• Kins S, Kurosinski P, Nitsch RM, Götz J . Activation of the ERK and JNK signaling pathways caused by neuron-specific inhibition of PP2A in transgenic mice . (alzforum.org)
• Translocation and specific cellular localization of GSK3B determine its involvement in signaling pathways, regulate its interaction with substrates and participation in protein complex formation, and influence gene expression and transcription. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)
• Here, we present a brief survey of the use of aptamers in signaling pathways, in particular of polypeptide growth factors, starting with the published as well as potential applications of aptamers targeting Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor signaling. (mdpi.com)
• We then discuss the opportunities for using aptamers in other complex pathways, including Wnt/β-catenin, and focus on Transforming Growth Factor-β/Smad family signaling. (mdpi.com)
• β-Catenin plays an important role in signal transduction pathways that regulate cellular differentiation and proliferation. (aacrjournals.org)
• Wnt signaling regenerative pathways control intestinal differentiation ( 26 , 27 ). (frontiersin.org)
• Scaffolds in cellular signaling pathways are turning out to do way more than just hold proteins together in a complex. (sciencemag.org)
• p. 867 , published online 11 April) showed the importance of the scaffold protein Axin as an active participant controlling the kinetics of activation of signaling through the pathways. (sciencemag.org)
• Previous reports were sure that signaling pathways used for maintaining human and mouse iPSCs did not sustain the self-renewal and pluripotency of porcine iPSCs 12 , 13 . (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
• Although transcription factor hierarchies and some of their interplay with morphogenetic signaling pathways have been characterized, the full complexity of activities required for regulated development remains uncharted. (frontiersin.org)
• we assess transcriptional and signaling pathways, which require further investigation in the contexts of NC development and neuroblastoma. (frontiersin.org)
• In broad terms, Wnt signaling includes "canonical" and "non-canonical" pathways. (frontiersin.org)
• Distinct pathways for autocrine and paracrine Wingless signalling in Drosophila embryos. (sdbonline.org)
• The RGS proteins were discovered in genetic studies of GPCR signaling pathways in model organisms ( Dohlman and Thorner, 1997 ). (aspetjournals.org)
• Additionally, β-arrestin directly regulates many cell signalling pathways that can induce cellular responses distinct from that of G proteins2. (stanford.edu)
• Large‐scale proteomic approaches have been used to study signaling pathways. (embopress.org)
• This developmental cascade integrates signals from other pathways, including retinoic acid, FGF, TGF-β, and BMP, within different cell types and tissues. (cellsignal.com)
• Furthermore, GSK-3β is involved in glycogen metabolism and other signaling pathways, which has made its inhibition relevant to diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders. (cellsignal.com)
• Overall, in melanoma, perturbed tissue homeostasis contributes to modulation of major oncogenic intracellular signaling pathways not only in tumor cells but also in neighboring cells. (mdpi.com)
• However, in some cases, signaling pathways present opposite regulation in melanoma and surrounding area, suggesting that therapeutic strategies need to carefully consider the tumor-stroma equilibrium. (mdpi.com)
• Dishevelled ( Dsh ) is a family of proteins involved in canonical and non-canonical Wnt signalling pathways . (wikipedia.org)
• Overview of signal transduction pathways involved in apoptosis . (wikipedia.org)
• These regions mediate protein-protein interactions and help DVL channel signals into either the β-catenin or the β-catenin independent pathways. (wikipedia.org)
• K. Schlessinger, E. J. McManus, A. Hall, Cdc42 and noncanonical Wnt signal transduction pathways cooperate to promote cell polarity. (sciencemag.org)
• NetPath: A public resource of curated signal transduction pathways. (wikipathways.org)
• Global gene expression profiling identified several altered pathways, including PPAR signaling and other metabolic pathways, associated with cellular response to radiation. (aacrjournals.org)
• Targeting Wnt/β-catenin signaling or one of the downstream pathways represents a promising strategy to increase response to chemoradiotherapy. (aacrjournals.org)
• The processes involved in liver cancer progression are very complex, and several deregulated signaling pathways participate in tumorigenesis and metastasis of liver cancer. (oncotarget.com)
• Dysregulation of signaling pathways, including transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), Wnt, Notch and Hedgehog pathways, has been found to be involved in the process of hepatocarcinogenesis and is considered the key determinant of LCSC function. (spandidos-publications.com)
• It is known that genetic mutations and abnormal activation of signal transduction pathways are involved in the development of HCC. (dovepress.com)
• 12 , 14 , 15 Signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism, splicing, and the cell cycle are believed to play a vital role in the formation of HCC. (dovepress.com)
• Research in the Howe laboratory is focused on understanding the signaling pathways activated by transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1), interleukin-like EMT inducer (ILEI) and Wnt in cellular models of differentiation and cancer. (musc.edu)
• In another focus area we are investigating the role of the adaptor molecule, disabled-2 (Dab2), as a mediator of the cross-talk between the TGFβ and Wnt signaling pathways. (musc.edu)
• Wnt signaling pathways act at multiple locations and developmental stages to specify cell fate and polarity in vertebrate embryos. (xenbase.org)

Beta-catenin29

• Identification of zinc-finger BED domain-containing 3 (Zbed3) as a novel Axin-interacting protein that activates Wnt/beta-catenin signaling. (nih.gov)
• Frizzled receptors transduce a signal to Dishevelled, leading to inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) and regulation of gene expression by the complex of beta-catenin with LEF/TCF (lymphocyte enhancer factor/T-cell factor) transcription factors [3,5]. (nih.gov)
• We also find that wild-type axin, but not delta RGS, forms a complex with beta-catenin. (nih.gov)
• Thus, axin may act as a docking station mediating negative regulation of beta-catenin by GSK3 during dorsoventral axis determination in vertebrate embryos. (nih.gov)
• Binds to the axin complex, resulting in an increase in the level of free beta-catenin. (genecards.org)
• Prostaglandin E2 promotes colon cancer cell growth through a Gs-axin-beta-catenin signaling axis. (springer.com)
• Clevers H, Nusse R. Wnt/beta-catenin signaling and disease. (springer.com)
• Binding to cadherins antagonizes the signaling activity of beta-catenin during axis formation in Xenopus. (springer.com)
• Smurf1-mediated Lys29-linked Non-proteolytic Poly-ubiquitination of Axin Negatively Regulates Wnt/beta-catenin Signaling. (springer.com)
• Fiedler M, Mendoza-Topaz C, Rutherford TJ, Mieszczanek J, Bienz M. Dishevelled interacts with the DIX domain polymerization interface of Axin to interfere with its function in down-regulating beta-catenin. (springer.com)
• Casein kinase I phosphorylates and destabilizes the beta-catenin degradation complex. (springer.com)
• Hypersensitivity of cohesin-deficient cells to Wnt signaling is concomitant with beta catenin stabilization and offers promise that Wnt agonists could be therapeutically effective in cohesin mutant cancers. (elifesciences.org)
• Wnt/beta-catenin signaling is essential for the specification of dorsal cell fate in amphioxus, suggesting a common evolutionary origin for the formation of the dorsal organizer in chordates. (elifesciences.org)
• Component of the beta-catenin destruction complex required for regulating CTNNB1 levels through phosphorylation and ubiquitination, and modulating Wnt-signaling (PubMed:12192039, PubMed:27098453). (nih.gov)
• In Wnt signaling, GSK3B forms a multimeric complex with APC, AXIN1 and CTNNB1/beta-catenin and phosphorylates the N-terminus of CTNNB1 leading to its degradation mediated by ubiquitin/proteasomes. (uniprot.org)
• Endo-IWR 1 (Catalog # 3532, # PSM1324) is a cell-permeant small molecule inhibitor of Axin turnover that suppresses Wnt signal transduction by stabilizing the beta -catenin destruction complex (4). (rndsystems.com)
• We demonstrate that Tcf3 can inhibit beta-catenin turnover via its competition with axin and adenomatous polyposis for beta-catenin binding. (xenbase.org)
• Along with evidence that a significant amount of Tcf protein is nonnuclear, these findings suggest that CK1epsilon can modulate wnt signaling in vivo by regulating both the beta-catenin- Tcf3 and the GBP - dsh interfaces. (xenbase.org)
• We noticed that increasing intracellular EpICD only was unable to improve activity of EpCAM targeted genes, but by blocking GSK-3 signaling and stabilizing beta-catenin signaling, EpICD could then significantly stimulate the promoter activity. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
• These results showed that EpCAM intracellular domain required beta-catenin signaling to enhance porcine cell reprogramming. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
• 1995). Embryonic axis induction by the armadillo repeat domain of beta-Catenin: evidence for intracellular signaling. (sdbonline.org)
• beta-Catenin signaling activity dissected in the early Xenopus embryo: A novel antisense approach. (sdbonline.org)
• Modulation of transcriptional regulation by LEF-1 in response to wnt-1 signaling and association with beta-catenin. (sdbonline.org)
• 1999). DIX domains of Dvl and axin are necessary for protein interactions and their ability to regulate beta-catenin stability. (sdbonline.org)
• R-MMU-195253 (Degradation of beta-catenin by the destruction complex. (ebi.ac.uk)
• AXIN1 interacts with adenomatosis polyposis coli (APC), beta-catenin, glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta, forming a tetrameric complex resulting in the regulation of the stabilization of beta-catenin. (thermofisher.com)
• The complex is disrupted by cell surface binding of WNT PROTEINS, which allows beta-catenin levels to rise to the point where they migrate to the CELL NUCLEUS and activate transcription. (bvsalud.org)
• ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the destruction complex of beta-catenin by the expression of the proteins beta-catetenin, adenomatous polyposis coli, GSK3β, axin and ubiquitin in colorectal carcinoma and colonic adenoma. (bvsalud.org)
• Conclusions These results suggest that, in adenomas, the lower expression of the beta-catenin, axin 1 and GSK3β proteins indicated that the destruction complex of beta-catenin was maintained, while in colorectal carcinoma, the increased expression of beta-catenin, GSK3β, axin 1, and ubiquitin proteins indicated that the destruction complex of beta-catenin was disrupted. (bvsalud.org)

GSK332

• GSK3β/axin-1/β-catenin complex is involved in semaphorin3A signaling. (nih.gov)
• Semaphorin3A-induced axonal transport mediated through phosphorylation of Axin-1 by GSK3β. (nih.gov)
• Here, we demonstrate that axin is associated with GSK3 in the Xenopus embryo and we localize the GSK3-binding domain to a short region of axin. (nih.gov)
• Binding of GSK3 correlates with the ability of axin to inhibit axial development and with the axis-inducing activity of its dominant-negative form (delta RGS). (nih.gov)
• In the absence of Wnt, β-Catenin is phosphorylated by complex containing GSK3 (glycogen synthase kinase 3) which targets β-Cat for proteosomal degradation. (wikipedia.org)
• The combination of LRP-axin induces Dvl phosphorylation (P) which blocks the APC-axin-GSK3 complex from phosphorylating β-Cat. (wikipedia.org)
• PP2A itself is part of the wnt signaling complex composed of axin, APC, and GSK3. (alzforum.org)
• Both catalytic activity and Axin-binding of GSK3β are required to optimally suppress Ras transformation. (pnas.org)
• In the absence of Wnt signals, a large multimeric protein complex that consists minimally of the scaffold protein Axin, APC, GSK3, and β-catenin is formed to sequester β-catenin to the cytosol and to regulate β-catenin levels ( 20 ⇓ - 22 ). (pnas.org)
• A) Without Wnt, the scaffolding protein Axin assembles a protein complex that contains Apc, Gsk3, Ck1 and β-catenin. (biologists.org)
• In this complex,β -catenin is sequentially phosphorylated by Ck1 and Gsk3. (biologists.org)
• In the absence of Wnt signals, cytoplasmic β-catenin is low because the protein is targeted for degradation by a multiprotein complex, which includes the APC protein, GSK3β, and conductin or axin. (aacrjournals.org)
• In the absence of Wnt ligands, GSK3β and CK1 kinases phosphorylate β-catenin in the destruction complex leading to ubiquitination and proteosomal degradation. (aacrjournals.org)
• GSK3β associates with the destruction complex through the binding site in AXIN1 and phosphorylates β-catenin that is subsequently targeted for proteosomal degradation ( 5 , 6 ). (aacrjournals.org)
• 27 , 28 In the absence of wnt signal, GSK3β, axin, APC, and β-catenin are phosphorylated at specific serine and threonine residues. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
• The Axin scaffold and associated glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) have central roles in both assemblies, but the transduction mechanism from the receptor to the destruction complex is contentious. (sciencemag.org)
• Phosphorylation by GSK3 kept Axin activated ("open") for β-catenin interaction and poised for engagement of LRP6. (sciencemag.org)
• Without Wnt stimulation, cytosolic β-catenin concentrations are kept low because a "destruction complex" assembled by the Axin scaffold binds to β-catenin, Adenomatosis polyposis coli (APC), casein kinase-1α (CK1α), and glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3), and promotes phosphorylation of β-catenin by CK1α and GSK3, thus ensuring β-catenin ubiquitination and degradation ( 1 - 3 ). (sciencemag.org)
• In the absence of extracellular ligand, a degradation complex consisting of the scaffold proteins Axin and APC and the kinases CKI and Zw3 (Shaggy, GSK3) forms. (genetics.org)
• D) Tcf3 inhibits the phosphorylation of β-catenin by GSK3 and axin in a purified system. (xenbase.org)
• In the same reaction, axin phosphorylation by GSK3 is not affected by Tcf3 . (xenbase.org)
• Conversely, in the absence of Wnt ligand activation, Axin and APC facilitate the sequential phosphorylation of β -catenin by CK1 and GSK3 β [ 6 ] tagging this protein for ubiquitination and subsequent proteasome mediated degradation [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
• [3] The binding of Wnt to Frizzled receptors helps recruit DVL to the membrane, providing a site for Axin and GSK3β to bind and phosphorylate LRP5/6 (transmembrane low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein), preventing constitutive degradation of β-catenin. (wikipedia.org)
• [3] [7] Conversely, without Wnt signaling, the destruction complex, made of APC, CKI, GSK3β and Axin, degrades β-catenin buildup, keeping the concentration of β-catenin in the cell low. (wikipedia.org)
• In the absence of Wnt signal, β-catenin is found in a complex with scaffolding protein Axin, the tumor suppressor adenomatous polyposis coli, GSK3β, and β-TrCP. (jimmunol.org)
• Activated Akt then inhibits several substrates, namely the TSC-TBC complex which functions as a negative regulator of mTORC1, GSK3 β which degrades β -catenin, FoxO3a which stimulates MuRF1 and MAFbx and PRAS40 which inhibits mTORC1. (biomedcentral.com)
• The immunoreactivity of GSK3β, axin 1 and ubiquitin proteins was significantly higher (p=0.03, p=0.039 and p=0.03, respectively) in colorectal carcinoma than in the colonic adenoma and adjacent non-neoplastic mucosa. (bvsalud.org)
• Interestingly, application of small molecules which can positively (BIO, GSK3β inhibitor) or negatively (IWR-1-endo, Axin stabilizer) control Wnt/β-catenin signaling suggests that activation of that signaling at different time periods had differential effects on neuronal differentiation of 46C ES cells. (nih.gov)
• Similar to report that activation of canonical Wnt signaling by GSK3β inhibition maintains pluripotency of ES cell, we found that BIO treatment could enhance the expression of stemness marker gene such as Nanog under differentiation conditions (Figure 3(i)) [18-20, 28]. (nih.gov)
• The adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) tumor-suppressor protein, together with Axin and GSK3β, form a Wnt-regulated signaling complex that mediates phosphorylation-dependent degradation of β-catenin by the proteasome. (creativebiomart.net)
• This gradient is further integrated with Wnt signaling through the sequestration of the enzyme GSK3 inside multivesicular endosomes. (hhmi.org)
• Model of how canonical Wnt signaling is triggered through the sequestration of GSK3 inside multivesicular bodies. (hhmi.org)

Phosphorylation24

• Through experiments in egg extract and reconstitution with purified proteins, we identify a mechanism whereby LRP6 stabilizes β-catenin independently of Axin degradation by directly inhibiting GSK3's phosphorylation of β-catenin. (pnas.org)
• ERK1/2 Phosphorylation of FHOD Connects Signaling and Nuclear Positioning Alternations in Cardiac Laminopathy. (bioportfolio.com)
• Elevated expression of miR-302 cluster improves traumatic brain injury by inhibiting phosphorylation of connexin43 via ERK signaling. (bioportfolio.com)
• Semaphorin3A signalling is mediated via sequential Cdk5 and GSK3beta phosphorylation of CRMP2: implication of common phosphorylating mechanism underlying axon guidance and Alzheimer's disease. (nih.gov)
• Axin negatively affects tau phosphorylation by glycogen synthase kinase 3beta. (nih.gov)
• We further demonstrate cellular AMPK signaling independent of activation loop Thr172 phosphorylation, providing potential insight into physiological roles for Ser108 phosphorylation. (nature.com)
• The well-defined character of the AMPK drug site, and its regulation through reversible phosphorylation, has led to speculation that synthetic activators (991, A-769662) and salicylate are mimicking an endogenous metabolite(s) that would be capable of sustaining AMPK signaling in the absence of pThr172 1 , 17 . (nature.com)
• Cdk5-mediated phosphorylation of Axin directs axon formation during cerebral cortex development. (springer.com)
• We were able to rule out an effect of Ser 108 phosphorylation, since mutation of Ser 108 to alanine in the β2-isoform had no effect on activation of AMPK by 991 in either γ1- or γ2-complexes. (portlandpress.com)
• In Wnt signaling, probably facilitates the phosphorylation of CTNNB1 and APC by GSK3B (PubMed:12192039). (nih.gov)
• This destruction complex normally triggers β-catenin phosphorylation, inducing its degradation. (wikipedia.org)
• B, upon Wnt binding to its Fzd receptor and Lpr5/6 coreceptor, Disheveled (Dvl) is recruited to the Wnt/receptor complex to promote phosphorylation of the Lrp5/6 coreceptor by Ck1 and Gsk-3β, generating a high-affinity binding site for axin and subsequent disruption of the destruction complex. (aacrjournals.org)
• CK1δ/ε positively regulates Wnt signaling by mediating the phosphorylation of the APC, AXIN1, and β-catenin, components of the destruction complex leading to dissociation of the complex and stabilization of β-catenin ( 8 , 9 ). (aacrjournals.org)
• It activates Wnt signaling via phosphorylation of LRP6 increasing its affinity for AXIN and recruiting the protein to the cell surface receptor away from the complex ( 11 ). (aacrjournals.org)
• We report that Wnt signaling is governed by phosphorylation regulation of the Axin scaffolding function. (sciencemag.org)
• Inactivation of Axin diminished its association with β-catenin and LRP6, thereby inhibiting β-catenin phosphorylation and enabling activated LRP6 to selectively recruit active Axin for inactivation reiteratively. (sciencemag.org)
• Activated Wnt signaling stabilizes cytoplasmic β-catenin by disrupting the Axin complex which then attenuates β-catenin phosphorylation. (arvojournals.org)
• The binding of wnt to its cognate receptor frizzled triggers a cascade of signaling events that led to the inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3β-dependent phosphorylation of β-catenin. (rupress.org)
• This complex mediates the phosphorylation of Arm, tagging it for proteasome-mediated degradation. (genetics.org)
• This leads to activation of Dishevelled (Dvl) by sequential phosphorylation, poly-ubiquitination, and polymerization, which displaces GSK-3β from APC/Axin through an unclear mechanism that may involve substrate trapping and/ or endosome sequestration. (cellsignal.com)
• Western blotting demonstrated that scratching of the monolayer resulted in the phosphorylation of Dvl proteins that was dependent on Wnt signaling. (sciencemag.org)
• Activation of the complex leads to phosphorylation of two important sets of substrates, namely eIF4E binding proteins and ribosomal S6 kinases. (biomedcentral.com)
• Activation of the complex leads to phosphorylation of its two important sets of substrates which are involved in the translation of mRNA to protein. (biomedcentral.com)
• Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) in its active state complexes with APC and AXIN to suppress phosphorylation of β-catenin, which then gets degraded via the proteasome. (biolegend.com)

Proteins30

• During Wnt/β-catenin signaling, a Wnt ligand binds transmembrane coreceptors Frizzled (Fz) and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related proteins 5 or 6 (LRP5/6) and initiates a process that leads to stabilization and nuclear translocation of β-catenin. (pnas.org)
• In the absence of a Wnt ligand, β-catenin is marked for degradation through its interaction with a destruction complex consisting of two scaffold proteins, Axin and adenomatous polyposis coli protein (APC), and two kinases, glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) and casein kinase 1α (CK1α) ( 1 ). (pnas.org)
• Signaling by the Wnt family of extracellular proteins is critical in a variety of developmental processes in which cell and tissue polarity are established [1-5]. (nih.gov)
• The signals are initiated at the 7 transmembrane domain and transmitted through receptor coupling to G-proteins. (wikipedia.org)
• Wnt signalosome: Transduction of Wnt signals from the plasma membrane depends on clustering of LRP6 receptors with Dishevelled (Dvl) proteins to recruit the Axin complex for inactivation. (wikipedia.org)
• Here, we demonstrate that enzymes involved in the SUMO modification and demodification of proteins are components of the nuclear pore complex (NPC). (asm.org)
• Without WNT signaling and, corresponding nuclear β -catenin, the 5 TCF/LEF transcription factors are combined with 4 transcriptional corepressor proteins forming 20 negative readouts, thus leading to a total of 40 readouts. (hindawi.com)
• β-Catenin is known to interact with a number of proteins, and the list of these interactions is growing (conductin/axin/axil, APC, α-catenin, E-cadherin, presenilin, LEF/TCF proteins) ( 10 , 71 ). (asm.org)
• These proteins are localized to different subcellular compartments, such as the plasma membrane (E-cadherin, α-catenin), the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi (presenilin and derivative fragments), the cytoplasm (APC, conductin/axin/axil), and the nucleus (LEF/TCF transcription factors). (asm.org)
• The crystal structure of a portion of this protein, alone and in a complex with other proteins, has been resolved. (nih.gov)
• PARPs catalyse the processive addition of poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) onto substrate proteins, which can either directly regulate acceptor protein function or serve as docking platform for PAR-binding proteins that mediate downstream signalling events 3 . (nature.com)
• In colorectal cancer, for example, mutations in APC, axin, or β-catenin promote β-catenin stabilization and transcription of genes encoding cancer-associated proteins. (wikipedia.org)
• L ow-density-lipoprotein receptor- r elated p roteins 5 and 6 (Lrp5 and Lrp6) in vertebrates, and their Drosophila ortholog Arrow, are single-span transmembrane proteins that are indispensable for Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and are likely to act as Wnt co-receptors. (biologists.org)
• The interaction of Wnt proteins with their receptors on the cell surface is the first step in transducing the extracellular signal into intracellular responses. (biologists.org)
• The smooth identification and low-cost production of highly specific agents that interfere with signaling cascades by targeting an active domain in surface receptors, cytoplasmic and nuclear effector proteins, remain important challenges in biomedical research. (mdpi.com)
• By their targeting of short, linear motif type of interactions, peptide aptamers have joined nucleic acid aptamers for use in signaling studies because of their ease of production, their stability, their high specificity and affinity for individual target proteins, and their use in high-throughput screening protocols. (mdpi.com)
• 21 , 22 Axin acts as a scaffold for the above proteins to assemble. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
• β-catenin and γ-catenin (plakoglobin) interact directly with E-cadherin's COOH-terminal domain in a mutually exclusive way, and both proteins associate with α-catenin, which links the cadherin complexes to the actin cytoskeleton and mediates stable cell adhesion. (rupress.org)
• The regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins form a recently identified protein family, and they strongly modulate the activity of G proteins. (aspetjournals.org)
• Drugs targeting RGS proteins can be divided into five groups: 1) potentiators of endogenous agonist function, 2) potentiators/desensitization blockers of exogenous GPCR agonists, 3) specificity enhancers of exogenous agonists, 4) antagonists of effector signaling by an RGS protein, and 5) RGS agonists. (aspetjournals.org)
• The regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins modulate the activity of G proteins in vitro, and evidence is beginning to emerge on their role in vivo as well. (aspetjournals.org)
• R-MMU-380270 (Recruitment of mitotic centrosome proteins and complexes. (ebi.ac.uk)
• Axis inhibition protein1 (AXIN1), also called AXIN, together with AXIN2 are multidomain scaffold proteins that negatively regulate Wnt signaling. (ptglab.com)
• The ß-catenin destruction complex is comprised of ß-catenin, scaffold proteins (APC, AXIN) and serine/threonine kinases that phosphorylate ß-catenin casein kinase 1 (CSNK1A1, CSNK1D, CSNK1E, CSNK1G1) and GSK3B. (wikipathways.org)
• Scaffold proteins create a functional proximity of signaling molecules and control the specificity of signal transduction. (antibody-antibodies.com)
• Wnt ligands interact with receptor complexes composed of a seven-transmembrane-domain Frizzled protein and one of the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-related proteins LRP5 or LRP6. (biomedcentral.com)
• Formation of a Wnt-Frizzled-LRP complex initiates a signal, via the cytoplasmic proteins Dishevelled and Axin, which inhibits the function of the β-catenin destruction complex. (biomedcentral.com)
• The nuclear fraction forms complexes with TCF proteins and other factors, and directly activates the transcription of diverse target genes whose promoters contain TCF-binding sites. (biomedcentral.com)
• In the nucleus, β-catenin forms a complex with TCF proteins that activates the transcription of specific target genes. (biomedcentral.com)
• This downregulation is accomplished by a set of proteins collectively known as the destruction complex, which includes Axin, Apc2, and the kinase Zeste-white 3 (Zw3). (genetics.org)

Destruction complex18

• It is hypothesized that Wnt signal transduction stabilizes β-catenin by inhibiting destruction complex formation or activity. (pnas.org)
• A new dynamic mechanistic model explains how the destruction complex negatively regulates Wnt signaling in development and oncogenesis. (elifesciences.org)
• This disrupts the function of the destruction complex by recruiting it to the plasma membrane, leading to β -catenin stabilization in the cytoplasm and its subsequent nuclear translocation. (hindawi.com)
• Tankyrase promotes Wnt/β-catenin signalling by PARylating AXIN (axis inhibition protein 1/2) 7 , a central component of the multi-protein β-catenin destruction complex, which initiates the degradation of the transcriptional co-activator β-catenin under low-Wnt conditions 27 . (nature.com)
• A, in the absence of Wnt signals, the destruction complex Apc-axin 1-Gsk-3β-Ck1 phosphorylates cytoplasmic β-catenin. (aacrjournals.org)
• Here, we report a comprehensive study of the contribution of genetic variation in six genes encoding the β-catenin destruction complex ( APC, AXIN1, AXIN2, CSNK1D, CSNK1E , and GSK3B ) to breast cancer using a Mayo Clinic Breast Cancer Case-Control Study. (aacrjournals.org)
• In the presence of Wnt, Wnt-Fz-LRP complexes at the cell surface induce stabilization and nuclear localization of β-catenin by compromising its destruction complex (APC complex) in the cytoplasm, which is composed mainly of adenomatosis polyposis coli (APC), casein kinase 1 (CK1), glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β), and scaffold proteins AXIN1 and AXIN2 ( 2 ). (aacrjournals.org)
• In the multiprotein destruction complex, APC acts as a scaffold protein providing the binding sites for the AXIN1 scaffold protein and β-catenin ( 3 , 4 ). (aacrjournals.org)
• CK1γ is not directly bound to the destruction complex. (aacrjournals.org)
• Wnt signaling stabilizes β-catenin through the LRP6 receptor signaling complex, which antagonizes the β-catenin destruction complex. (sciencemag.org)
• On recruitment of deshevelled (DVL1) to FZD and AXIN to LRP6, ß-catenin destruction complex disassembles leading to its stabilization and nuclear accumulation. (wikipathways.org)
• This leads to an activation of dishevelled (DVL2), which in turn inhibits the so-called destruction complex. (aacrjournals.org)
• Wnt-mediated inhibition of the destruction complex therefore results in stabilization of β-catenin, which then accumulates in both cytoplasm and nucleus. (biomedcentral.com)
• The signal acts via Dishevelled (Dvl) and Axin to inhibit the β-catenin destruction complex and thus increase the stabilization of β-catenin (β-cat), which then accumulates in the cytosol and nucleus. (biomedcentral.com)
• For simplicity, Dvl and Axin are shown as part of the β-catenin destruction complex, but each protein can also be found associated with the receptor complex. (biomedcentral.com)
• Degradation of Axin and disruption of the destruction complex allows Arm to accumulate in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus. (genetics.org)
• The level of cytoplasm β-catenin is usually controlled by the activity of a destruction complex that consists of axin glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) and APC [12-15]. (cylch.org)
• Azzolin, YAP/TAZ incorporation in the β-catenin destruction complex orchestrates the Wnt response. (xenbase.org)

Inhibition4

• Dishevelled (Dvl) is a protein required for Wnt-dependent inhibition complex. (wikipedia.org)
• In this study, we have tested pharmacologic inhibition of Wnt signaling mediated by disruption of TCF/β-catenin binding and AXIN stabilization, being the first strategy more efficient in reducing cell viability and downstream effects. (aacrjournals.org)
• The GAP activity explains RGS-mediated inhibition of G protein signaling. (aspetjournals.org)
• Moreover, disruption of these adhesion protein complexes is accompanied by a concomitant activation of canonical Wnt signaling, including elevated levels of β-catenin and Axin-2 as well as resistance to the inhibition in β-catenin-dependent transcriptional complexes. (harvard.edu)

Regulates6

• Ubiquitin ligase RNF146 regulates tankyrase and Axin to promote Wnt signaling. (springer.com)
• Wnt signaling regulates cellular redox in the germline stem cell differentiation niche via a novel regulatory mechanism, thereby controlling germ line stem cell progeny differentiation. (elifesciences.org)
• These results support the model where Axin regulates Armadillo localization and activity in the cytoplasm. (genetics.org)
• In summary, aberrant activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling not only regulates the development and progression of colorectal cancer, but also mediates resistance of rectal cancers to chemoradiotherapy. (aacrjournals.org)
• TGFβ levels in cells and tissues regulates Dab2 expression and thereby regulates, thru Dab2, Wnt signaling. (musc.edu)
• Acebron, Mitotic wnt signaling promotes protein stabilization and regulates cell size. (xenbase.org)

Cytoplasmic6

• In vitro binding studies revealed that Ubc9 and SUMO-1-modified RanGAP1 bind synergistically to form a trimeric complex with a component of the cytoplasmic filaments of the NPC, Nup358. (asm.org)
• Casein kinase 1 gamma couples Wnt receptor activation to cytoplasmic signal transduction. (springer.com)
• We find that cytoplasmic YAP restricts elevated Wnt signalling independently of the AXIN-APC-GSK-3β complex partly by limiting the activity of dishevelled (DVL). (nih.gov)
• This gene encodes a cytoplasmic protein which contains a regulation of G-protein signaling (RGS) domain and a dishevelled and axin (DIX) domain. (nih.gov)
• Wnt signaling stabilizes cytoplasmic β-catenin. (aacrjournals.org)
• Transduces the Wnt signal by interacting with the cytoplasmic Axin complex. (mybiosource.com)

Degradation15

• To understand how Wnt signaling prevents β-catenin degradation, we focused on the Wnt coreceptor low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6), which is required for signal transduction and is sufficient to activate Wnt signaling when overexpressed. (pnas.org)
• LRP6 has been proposed to stabilize β-catenin by stimulating degradation of Axin, a scaffold protein required for β-catenin degradation. (pnas.org)
• Thus, LRP6 may also signal through a mechanism distinct from Axin degradation. (pnas.org)
• To establish a biochemically tractable system to test this hypothesis, we expressed and purified the LRP6 intracellular domain from bacteria and show that it promotes β-catenin stabilization and Axin degradation in Xenopus egg extract. (pnas.org)
• Promotes rapid degradation of CTNNB1 and participates in Wnt signaling as a negative regulator. (genecards.org)
• Enhances TGF-beta signaling by recruiting the RNF111 E3 ubiquitin ligase and promoting the degradation of inhibitory SMAD7 (PubMed:16601693). (nih.gov)
• β-transducin-repeat-containing protein (β-Trcp) and Wilms tumor suppressor protein (Wtx) complex polyubiquitinate phosphorylated β-catenin, targeting it for proteasome-mediated degradation. (aacrjournals.org)
• We observed activation of β-catenin degradation complex comprising of adenomatous polyposis coli gene product (APC) and serine-phosphorylated axin protein, beginning at 5 minutes after hepatectomy, leading to its decreased levels after this time. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
• 5 - 14 Wnt signaling is regulated inside the cell mainly by β-catenin levels, which in turn are regulated at the level of their degradation via ubiquitination. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
• Upon ligand binding, the receptor complex of Frizzled (Fz) and Arrow (LRP5/6, Arr) activates Disheveled (Dsh), which in turn inhibits the degradation complex leading to increased Arm protein levels. (genetics.org)
• Like AXIN2, AXIN1 undergoes poly(ADP-ribosy)lation by tankyrase TNKS and TNKS2 followed by unbiquitination by RNF146 which leads to its degradation and subsequent activation of Wnt signaling. (ptglab.com)
• In the Wnt/β-catenin cascade, signaling events converge on the regulation of ubiquitin-mediated degradation of the crucial transcriptional regulator β-catenin. (nih.gov)
• Our findings suggest, for the first time to our knowledge, that BMP-2-induced Wnt/β-catenin signaling activation through LRP-5 may contribute to chondrocyte hypertrophy and cartilage degradation in osteoarthritis. (biomedcentral.com)
• GENTAUR antibody-antibodies.com The Marketplace for Antibodies : Axin is a scaffold protein in TGF-beta signaling that promotes degradation of Smad7 by Arkadia. (antibody-antibodies.com)
• Axin is a scaffold protein in TGF-beta signaling that promotes degradation of Smad7 by Arkadia. (antibody-antibodies.com)

Regulation14

• Although the mechanism by which a Wnt ligand mediates β-catenin stabilization is poorly understood, regulation of β-catenin levels in the absence of Wnt signaling has been well characterized. (pnas.org)
• Both β-isoforms contain a carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) and are myristoylated at position Gly2, a modification that targets AMPK to intracellular membranes and is important for temporospatial regulation of AMPK signaling 3 , 4 . (nature.com)
• Adrian Saurin is a group leader at the University of Dundee, where he studies the spatial regulation of mitotic signalling networks with the support of a Cancer Research UK (CRUK) Programme Foundation Award. (biologists.org)
• We are investigating the regulation of the intestinal stem cell (ISC) compartment by extracellular signals such as Wnts, using adenoviral and conditional knockout approaches. (stanford.edu)
• This review highlights recent progress and unresolved issues in understanding the function and regulation of Arrow/Lrp5/Lrp6 in Wnt signaling. (biologists.org)
• Our findings reveal mechanisms for scaffold regulation and morphogen signaling. (sciencemag.org)
• R-MMU-1295596 (Spry regulation of FGF signaling. (ebi.ac.uk)
• Growing evidence demonstrates that aberrant regulation of oncogenic signaling is not restricted to transformed cells but also occurs in MAFs. (mdpi.com)
• The mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of skeletal muscle protein synthesis. (biomedcentral.com)
• Therefore this review attempts to provide a brief and up-to-date narrative on the regulation of this marvelous protein complex. (biomedcentral.com)
• mTOR forms the catalytic center of the two signaling complexes mTORC1 and mTORC2 [ 3 ], of which the first is primarily involved in regulation of MPS. (biomedcentral.com)
• Here we report a novel mechanism by which secreted plasma glutamate carboxypeptidase(PGCP) negatively involves Wnt/β-catenin signaling by DKK4 regulation in liver cancer metastasis. (oncotarget.com)
• Muir A, Roelants FM, Timmons G, Leskoske KL, Thorner J. Down-regulation of TORC2-Ypk1 signaling promotes MAPK-independent survival under hyperosmotic stress. (uchicago.edu)
• Regulation of morphogenetic behaviors by Wnt/PCP signaling. (xenbase.org)

Axin13

• Coexpression and protein-protein complexing of DIX domains of human Dvl1 and Axin1 protein. (springer.com)
• Also component of the AXIN1-HIPK2-TP53 complex which controls cell growth, apoptosis and development (PubMed:17210684). (nih.gov)
• Under UV irradiation, AXIN1-HIPK2-TP53 complex forms. (ptglab.com)

Mutations2

• We will discuss the structure and function of Arrow/Lrp5/Lrp6, their interactions with Wnt, Fz and the intracellular β-catenin signaling apparatus, their biogenesis and modulation by extracellular antagonists, and, finally, the roles of LRP5 mutations in human diseases. (biologists.org)
• Research over the last decade has shown that cells harbor loss-of-function mutations involving components of the Wnt signaling cascade, such as APC, β-catenin and Axin, are considered universal in CRC ( 11 - 13 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

Glycogen1

• Structural basis for recruitment of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta to the axin-APC scaffold complex. (nih.gov)

Lrp55

• Because of their related biochemical properties in Wnt signaling, we will often, unless otherwise specified, use Lrp5/Lrp6 to refer Lrp5 and Lrp6 together in the discussion. (biologists.org)
• The Wnt ligand is a secreted glycoprotein that binds to Frizzled receptors, leading to the formation of a larger cell surface complex with LRP5/6. (cellsignal.com)
• In the presence of Wnt ligand (On-state), the co-receptor LRP5/6 is brought in complex with Wnt-bound Frizzled. (cellsignal.com)
• Canonical WNT signals are transduced through a two-part receptor, a seven-transmembrane Frizzled (FZD) and low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5/6 (LRP5/LRP6) to a ß-catenin (CTNNB1) signaling cascade. (wikipathways.org)
• Complexes formed by a Wnt ligand, Frizzled receptor protein and LRP5 or LRP6 initiate signaling within the cytoplasm. (biomedcentral.com)

LRP64

• Using an Axin mutant that does not degrade in response to LRP6, we demonstrate that LRP6 can stabilize β-catenin in the absence of Axin turnover. (pnas.org)
• Cryo-EM structure of monomeric human Frizzled5 was determined with a universal fiducial antibody at 3.7 Å overall resolution, which supports a simple Fzd/LRP6 heterodimerization mechanism of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling. (elifesciences.org)
• Formation of the Wnt-induced LRP6-Axin signaling complex promoted Axin dephosphorylation by protein phosphatase-1 and inactivated ("closed") Axin through an intramolecular interaction. (sciencemag.org)
• We have shown that the tumor suppressor functions of Dab2 are mediated thru its attenuation of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling by selectively recruiting the Wnt co-receptor LRP6 to the clathrin-dependent endocytic route, thereby sequestering it from caveolin-mediated endocytosis and signaling. (musc.edu)

Binds6

• If Wnt is present it binds to Fz-LRP receptors causing axin to bind to intracellular domain of LRP and Fz. (wikipedia.org)
• B-cell receptor (BCR) signalosome: The B-cell receptor (BCR) binds antigen and undergoes clustering to induce signal transduction. (wikipedia.org)
• Wnt signals initiate at the plasma membrane of receptive cells when the secreted ligand Wnt binds to frizzled, a seven-transmembrane receptor on the plasma membrane ( 9 , 10 , 15 , 43 ). (asm.org)
• Autocrine signaling is a form of cell signaling in which a cell secretes a hormone or chemical messenger (called the autocrine agent) that binds to autocrine receptors on that same cell, leading to changes in the cell. (wikipedia.org)
• C) Both β-catenin and β-cateninΔC2 bind to axin, but only β-catenin binds to xTcf3 in vitro. (xenbase.org)
• 1999). The C-terminal domain of Armadillo binds to hypophosphorylated Teashirt to modulate Wingless signalling in Drosophila. (sdbonline.org)

Receptors12

• Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans function as receptors for the R-spondins, a family of growth factors that amplify the strength of WNT signaling during development and in adult stem cells. (elifesciences.org)
• We propose that peptide aptamers can provide a very useful and new alternative for interfering with protein-protein interactions in intracellular signal transduction cascades, including those emanating from activated receptors for growth factors. (mdpi.com)
• These findings open unexpected opportunities for the development of new cancer therapeutics targeting key YAP/TAZ regulatory inputs such as Wnt signaling, cytoskeletal contractility, G-protein-coupled receptors, or YAP/TAZ-regulated transcription. (aacrjournals.org)
• G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play a major role in signal transduction and are targets of many therapeutic drugs. (aspetjournals.org)
• The main theme in the lab is the structural biology of cell surface receptors that mediate intracellular signaling and communication. (stanford.edu)
• Our current main focus is the exploration of the mechanisms responsible for transmembrane signal instigation in cytokine receptors and G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) complexes. (stanford.edu)
• Following agonist activation, G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) recruit β-arrestin, which desensitizes heterotrimeric G-protein signalling and promotes receptor endocytosis1. (stanford.edu)
• GABAB belongs to the Family C of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which operate as dimers to relay synaptic neurotransmitter signals into a cellular response through the binding and activation of heterotrimeric G proteins2,3. (stanford.edu)
• It is generally accepted that through their receptors, these guidance signals trigger downstream events, which are less well characterized, and finally act on the cytoskeleton to modulate the extension and/or turning of the growth cone at the tip of axon [4] . (prolekare.cz)
• Wnts are secreted growth factors that mediated cell to cell communication by interacting with Frizzled receptors in a complex with the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 and 6. (jimmunol.org)
• Non-canonical WNT signaling diverges downstream after being transduced through FZD family receptors and co-receptors, ROR2 and RYK. (wikipathways.org)
• To investigate the potential role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in controlling therapeutic responsiveness, nontumorigenic RPE-1 cells were stimulated with Wnt-3a, a physiologic ligand of Frizzled receptors, which increased resistance to chemoradiotherapy. (aacrjournals.org)

Ligand3

• These findings suggest that interference with Wnt signaling at the ligand-receptor level may improve the effectiveness of cancer therapies. (wikipedia.org)
• Previous results suggested a model where ligand-mediated receptor activation recruited Axin to the membrane where it bound Arr in a larger complex with Dsh and Fz. (genetics.org)
• Complemented by cellular signaling assays and atomistic simulations, the structures reveal an essential role for the GABAB extracellular loop 2 (ECL2) in relaying structural transitions by ordering the linker connecting the extracellular ligand-binding domain to the transmembrane region. (stanford.edu)

Gene7

• β-Catenin and LEF-1 complexes can activate reporter gene expression in a transformed T-lymphocyte cell line (Jurkat) but not in normal T lymphocytes, even though both factors are nuclear. (asm.org)
• Excess β-catenin can squelch reporter gene activation by LEF-1-β-catenin complexes but not activation by the transcription factor VP16. (asm.org)
• 2 This leads to hypophosphorylation of β-catenin, the adenomatous polyposis coli gene product (APC), and axin. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
• While the expression of Slit1 is confined to neu- transcript control was included for each gene to ensure rons, Slit2 and Slit 3 are widely expressed in mammalian the signal was truly driven by target gene amplification. (deepdyve.com)
• gene regulatory network that controls the activity of a positive feedback circuit on BMP signaling, involving the tumor necrosis factor alpha homolog eiger . (sdbonline.org)
• The LUMIER protein-protein interaction mapping method was used in conjunction with two functional screens that examined the effect of overexpression and siRNA‐mediated gene knockdown on Wnt signaling. (embopress.org)
• The external signals that regulate stage specific gene expression during B cell development include growth factors and cell-cell contact with the stromal cells. (jimmunol.org)

Regulator6

• Axin is a negative regulator of Wnt signaling and dorsal axial development in vertebrates [6]. (nih.gov)
• Methylation by protein arginine methyltransferase 1 increases stability of Axin, a negative regulator of Wnt signaling. (springer.com)
• Wnt signaling has also been shown to promote nuclear accumulation of other transcriptional regulator implicated in cancer, such as TAZ and Snail1. (cellsignal.com)
• However, coexpression of Wnt-1 reduced Smad7 ubiquitination by downregulating Axin levels, underscoring the importance of Axin as an intrinsic regulator in TGF-beta signaling. (antibody-antibodies.com)
• RGS18 is a member of the regulator of G-protein signaling family. (antibody-antibodies.com)
• RGS8 is a member of the regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) family and is a protein with a single RGS domain. (antibody-antibodies.com)

Genes2

• Labeled genes are examples known to be involved in Wnt signaling and the ISC niche. (nih.gov)
• Since one of the main effects of Wnt/ β -catenin signaling is the modulation of target genes, in the present work we examined global transcriptional changes induced by short-term Wnt3a treatment (4 h) in primary cultures of rat hippocampal neurons. (hindawi.com)

Cascade3

• A signal transduction cascade results in the secretion of first and second group antagonists. (wikipedia.org)
• The Wnt signaling cascade plays an essential role during embryogenesis and adult tissue homeostasis. (hindawi.com)
• Also, addition of DKK4 antagonized the Wnt/β-catenin signaling cascade in a thyroxine (T4)-dependent manner. (oncotarget.com)

Activates2

• [3] This complex then interacts with Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor WGEF (weak-similarity GEF), which activates downstream effectors like Rho GTPase and Rho-associated kinase (ROCK), which activates actin and cytoskeleton architecture in the cell. (wikipedia.org)
• Here, we show that Axin activates TGF-beta signaling by forming a multimeric complex consisting of Smad7 and ubiquitin E3 ligase Arkadia. (antibody-antibodies.com)

Molecules3

• 2000). WNT signaling molecules act in axis formation in the diploblastic metazoan Hydra. (sdbonline.org)
• The β-catenin, Axin and CSC-related molecules were detected by western blotting. (spandidos-publications.com)
• TGF-beta signaling involves a wide array of signaling molecules and multiple controlling events. (antibody-antibodies.com)

Differentiation12

• The requirement for WNT signaling in mesendoderm differentiation is temporally separate from that of ACTIVIN signaling and acts to switch the output of ACTIVIN/SMAD2 from pluripotency maintenance to mesendoderm patterning. (elifesciences.org)
• Graded Wnt and JAK-STAT signals regulate the division rate, AP location and differentiation of Drosophila ovarian follicle stem cells to define a domain of stem cells maintained by population asymmetry. (elifesciences.org)
• Furthermore, Wnt may also co-operate with Hedgehog signaling in driving proneural differentiation programmes along the adrenergic (ADRN) lineage. (frontiersin.org)
• Strength of BCR signals determine the differentiation into different lineages, while signal through BAFF-receptor (BAFF-R) is essential for the development of both FO and MZ B cells ( 2 , 3 ). (jimmunol.org)
• Dual Function of Wnt Signaling during Neuronal Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells. (nih.gov)
• In contrast, undifferentiated ES cells show a very low level of endogenous Wnt signaling, and ectopic activation of Wnt signaling has been shown to block neuronal differentiation. (nih.gov)
• Therefore, it remains unclear whether or not endogenous Wnt/β-catenin signaling is necessary for self-renewal or neuronal differentiation of ES cells. (nih.gov)
• Stable ES cell lines which can monitor endogenous activity of Wnt/β-catenin signaling suggest that Wnt signaling was very low in undifferentiated ES cells, whereas it increased during embryonic body formation or neuronal differentiation. (nih.gov)
• Further, ChIP analysis suggested that β-catenin/TCF1 complex directly regulated the expression of Sox1 during neuronal differentiation. (nih.gov)
• Overall, our data suggest that Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays differential roles at different time points of neuronal differentiation. (nih.gov)
• Based on data described above (Figures 1 and 2), we asked whether time window of Wnt/β-catenin signaling affects neural differentiation. (nih.gov)
• These results imply that activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling for different time periods has differential effects on neural differentiation of mES cells. (nih.gov)

Absence3

• The rate of dephosphorylation of Thr 172 was slower for γ2- compared with γ1-complexes, both in the absence and presence of 991. (portlandpress.com)
• Radiolabeled β-catenin bound to axin beads (in the presence or absence of 100 nM APC) was incubated with buffer, cold Tcf3 (2 μM) or cold β-catenin (2 μM) at room temperature. (xenbase.org)
• In the absence of Wg signal, Arm is present at adherens junctions, but is kept at low levels in the cytoplasm. (genetics.org)

Inhibit1

• Their best known function is to inhibit G protein signaling by accelerating GTP hydrolysis [GTPase activating protein (GAP)] thus turning off G protein signals. (aspetjournals.org)

CTNNB11

• En humanos, a proteína CTNNB1 está codificada no xene CTNNB1 do cromosoma 3 . (wikipedia.org)

PI3K1

• R-MMU-6811558 (PI5P, PP2A and IER3 Regulate PI3K/AKT Signaling. (ebi.ac.uk)

Ubiquitin2

• Phosphorylatedβ -catenin is recognized by β-Trcp, which is a component of an ubiquitin-ligase complex that conjugates β-catenin with ubiquitin. (biologists.org)
• In nonproteolytic functions, ubiquitin acts as a signaling device in the control of protein activity, subcellular localization and complex formation. (nih.gov)

Mutants2

• These Axin null mutants normally led to lethality at embryonic day 8-10, and in addition to causing embryonic axis duplications, they also led to. (springer.com)
• Maternal and zygotic (M/Z) mutants for zw3, axin and the triple mutant are completely naked, whereas maternal (M) only mutants retain a small number of distinct denticles making them readily identifiable. (genetics.org)

Mediates1

• Wnt signaling mediates key developmental and homeostatic processes including stem cell maintenance, growth and cell fate specification, cell polarity and migration. (nih.gov)

Extracellular5

• We have previously found that connexin43 is phosphorylated by extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 in rats of cerebral ischemia. (bioportfolio.com)
• Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) is caused by loss of FMR1 expression on the X chromosome that leads to increased mRNA translation, which results in hyperactivation of ERK (extracellular signal-re. (bioportfolio.com)
• The crystal structure of Norrie Disease Protein in complex with the extracellular cysteine-rich domain of Frizzled4 receptor and sucrose octasulfate reveals binding sites for Frizzled4, low density lipoprotein receptor related protein 5/6, and proteoglycan. (elifesciences.org)
• At all stages, melanoma cells are embedded in a complex tissue composed by extracellular matrix components and several different cell populations. (mdpi.com)
• Studies on Chordin, Cerberus, Frzb-1, and Crescent have contributed to the current realization that growth factor antagonists secreted into the extracellular space mediate the formation of embryonic signaling gradients. (hhmi.org)

Interacts1

• p. 871 , published online 11 April) characterized the role of the scaffold protein Nud1 in the mitotic exit network and found that the kinase that produces the output from the signaling complex only interacts with a scaffold that is primed by its activator protein kinase, already bound to the scaffold and creating a docking site. (sciencemag.org)

Cytoplasm1

• Acts by associating with Myod family members and retaining them in the cytoplasm by masking their nuclear localization signals. (mybiosource.com)

Negatively2

• Our findings suggest that PGCP negatively associates with Wnt/β-catenin signaling during metastasis. (oncotarget.com)
• AXIN2 , which cooperates with APC and β-catenin in Wnt signaling, had more methylation alterations in Group 2, and its expression levels negatively correlated with methylation determined by bisulfite sequencing. (biomedcentral.com)

Transcription2

• β-Catenin is essential for E-cadherin-mediated cell adhesion in epithelial cells, but it also forms nuclear complexes with high mobility group transcription factors. (rupress.org)
• We propose that Wnt signaling is a major determinant of regulatory networks that underlie mesenchymal/neural crest cell (NCC)-like cell identities through PRRX1 and YAP/TAZ transcription factors. (frontiersin.org)

Embryonic development2

• In addition to its adhesive functions, β-catenin has also been found to serve as a key component in signaling processes during embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis. (rupress.org)
• Spatial and temporal aspects of Wnt signaling and planar cell polarity during vertebrate embryonic development. (xenbase.org)

Interaction1

• The Dvl-Axin interaction is essential for Wnt signaling. (mybiosource.com)

Xenopus3

• The function of CK1α in Wnt signaling is not yet clear and its role in secondary axis formation in Xenopus embryos is still controversial ( 8 , 10 ). (aacrjournals.org)
• The Xenopus gastrula has a dorsal and a ventral signaling center, marked here by the expression of, respectively, Chordin and Sizzled. (hhmi.org)
• Anteroposterior and mediolateral PCP in the Xenopus neural plate.En face views of the Xenopus neural plate shown for stage 14-16 embryos. (xenbase.org)

Kinase4

• The ADaM site, a largely hydrophobic cavity formed between the α-kinase domain small lobe and β-subunit CBM, was identified in crystal structures of AMPK/drug complexes 12 , 14 . (nature.com)
• Many of the casein kinase I isoenzymes have been shown to play distinctive roles in intracellular SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION. (umassmed.edu)
• Activation of the Wnt receptor complex triggers displacement of the multifunctional kinase GSK-3β from a regulatory APC/Axin/GSK-3β-complex. (cellsignal.com)
• This polarization of the cell is dependent on the activity of the Rho family guanosine triphosphatase, Cdc42, which also leads to the assembly of a complex between the scaffold protein Par6 and atypical protein kinase C (aPKC). (sciencemag.org)

Ubiquitination1

• Specific knockdown of Axin or Arkadia revealed that Axin and Arkadia cooperate with each other in promoting Smad7 ubiquitination. (antibody-antibodies.com)

Nuclear7

• SUMO-1 modification targets RanGAP1 to the nuclear pore complex (NPC) but targets PML to PML nuclear bodies ( 18 , 20 , 23 ). (asm.org)
• YAP dampens Wnt signals by restricting DVL nuclear translocation during regenerative growth. (nih.gov)
• Aberrant Wnt/β-catenin signaling leading to nuclear accumulation of the oncogene product β-catenin is observed in a wide spectrum of human malignancies. (aacrjournals.org)
• NLS nuclear localization signal. (aacrjournals.org)
• I find that nuclear localization of APC2 appears to be required, but Axin can block signaling when tethered to the membrane. (genetics.org)
• Its deubiquitination by USP34 is important for nuclear accumulation during Wnt signaling. (ptglab.com)
• Axin also induces nuclear export of Smad7. (antibody-antibodies.com)

Induce2

• T-cell receptor (TCR) signalosome: Antigen presentation to T-cells is recognised by the T-cell receptor (TCR), which initiates clustering and activation of downstream signalling to induce T-cell responses. (wikipedia.org)
• [3] [7] For the Rho branch, Wnt signals induce DVL to form a complex with Daam1 (Dishevelled associated activator of morphogenesis 1). (wikipedia.org)

Mechanism2

• The mechanisms through which retinal neovascularization occurs are still being uncovered, one such mechanism is thought to be driven by Wnt signaling given its capacity to govern the expression of the pro angiogenic factor vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). (arvojournals.org)
• However, it is unclear whether the resistance is mediated by a TCF7L2 inherent mechanism or Wnt/β-catenin signaling in general. (aacrjournals.org)

Apoptosis1

• The complex also controls cell growth, apoptosis and development. (ptglab.com)

Colorectal1

• Activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays a central role in the development and progression of colorectal cancer. (aacrjournals.org)

Disruption1

• Small molecule-mediated disruption of Wnt-dependent signaling in tissue regeneration and cancer. (springer.com)

Cell18

• Wnt/β-catenin signaling controls various cell fates in metazoan development and is misregulated in several cancers and developmental disorders. (pnas.org)
• Signal transduction Morphogenesis Developmental biology Embryogenesis Cancer Catenin Ken M. Cadigan and Yan I. Liu (December 2005) "Wnt signaling: complexity at the surface", Journal of Cell Science 119, 395-402 (http://jcs.biologists.org/cgi/content/full/119/3/395) Thimios A. Mitsiadis, Pierfrancesco Pagella and Claudio Cantù. (wikipedia.org)
• RIP1/RIP3 Necrosome: A signalling complex involved in necrotic cell death. (wikipedia.org)
• citation needed] Another example occurs in activated T cell lymphocytes, i.e., when a T cell is induced to mature by binding to a peptide:MHC complex on a professional antigen-presenting cell and by the B7:CD28 costimulatory signal. (wikipedia.org)
• citation needed] Tumor development is a complex process that requires cell division, growth, and survival. (wikipedia.org)
• Pagina 201 - Fletcher JC, Brand U, Running MP, Simon R, Meyerowitz EM (1999) Signaling of cell fate decisions by CLAVATA3 in Arabidopsis shoot meristems. (google.it)
• In this "Hypothesis and Theory" article, we utilize the next generation sequencing data from neuroblastoma cells and tumors to evaluate the possible influences of Wnt signaling on NC GRNs and on neuroblastoma cell lineages. (frontiersin.org)
• Elucidation of Signaling Regulatory Networks can augment and complement GRNs in characterizing cell identities, which may in turn contribute to the design of improved therapeutics tailored to primary and relapsing neuroblastoma. (frontiersin.org)
• As a co-receptor, CAM-1 functions cell-autonomously in neurons and, together with CFZ-2 and MIG-1, transmits the Wnt signal to downstream effectors. (prolekare.cz)
• Knocking down Slug partially restores CD151-α3β1 integrin complex-dependent suppression of cell proliferation. (harvard.edu)
• Knockdown of Dvl or axin with siRNA in rat embryo fibroblasts inhibited reorientation of both the centrosome and Golgi, as did treatment of scratched monolayers with a Wnt-binding protein, demonstrating the importance of Wnt signaling in cell polarization. (sciencemag.org)
• Thus, Cdc42-dependent Wnt signaling appears to play a role in cell polarization. (sciencemag.org)
• Furthermore, Wnt signals regulate B cell proliferation through lymphocyte enhancer-binding factor-1. (jimmunol.org)
• However, it is not known whether Wnt signaling in B cell development is mediated by β-catenin and whether β-catenin plays a role in mature B cell function. (jimmunol.org)
• B cell development from stem cells is a complex, multistage process regulated by cell intrinsic signals and cues provided by the bone marrow (BM) 2 environment ( 1 ). (jimmunol.org)
• It is a versatile neuro-transmitter, with a role of signal-transduction and maintenance of cell growth. (biomedcentral.com)
• Whereas both cell fate and cell polarity are modulated by spatially- and temporally-restricted Wnt activity, the downstream signaling mechanisms are very diverse. (xenbase.org)
• Besides the mutually antagonisticinteractions inside the cell, PCP is coordinated by the positive feedback between the Frizzled/Dishevelled complex and the Vangl2/Prickle complex across the cell junction.Two neighboring epithelial cells are shown. (xenbase.org)

Developmental1

• Signaling by secreted Wnt morphogens governs developmental, homeostatic, and pathological processes by regulating β-catenin stability and represents a critical target for cancer and disease therapeutics ( 1 , 2 ). (sciencemag.org)

Nucleus1

• DVL signals in the nucleus of intestinal stem cells, and its forced expression leads to enhanced Wnt signalling in crypts. (nih.gov)

Roles2

• Autocrine signaling plays critical roles in cancer activation and also in providing self-sustaining growth signals to tumors. (wikipedia.org)
• They are a highly diverse protein family, have unique tissue distributions, are strongly regulated by signal transduction events, and will likely play diverse functional roles in living cells. (aspetjournals.org)

Protein complex1

• mTORC1 is a protein complex comprised of the three core subunits mTOR, Raptor and mLST8 [ 2 ] and is regulated by several inputs, such as growth factors, energy status, amino acids and mechanical stimuli. (biomedcentral.com)

Induces1

• The role of β-catenin in p53- and Ras-induced senescence may be complex as stabilized β-catenin induces p53-dependent senescence but cooperates with Ras to transform cells ( 19 ). (pnas.org)

Thereby affecting1

• The identification of Gα12 as a PP2A interactor is particularly interesting because Gα12 has been shown also to interact with cadherin, thereby affecting β-catenin signaling. (alzforum.org)