Axial length eye. Medical search

The organ of sight constituting a pair of globular organs made up of a three-layered roughly spherical structure specialized for receiving and responding to light.

A refractive error in which rays of light entering the EYE parallel to the optic axis are brought to a focus in front of the RETINA when accommodation (ACCOMMODATION, OCULAR) is relaxed. This results from an overly curved CORNEA or from the eyeball being too long from front to back. It is also called nearsightedness.

The use of statistical and mathematical methods to analyze biological observations and phenomena.

Refraction of LIGHT effected by the media of the EYE.

Deviations from the average or standard indices of refraction of the eye through its dioptric or refractive apparatus.

The space in the eye, filled with aqueous humor, bounded anteriorly by the cornea and a small portion of the sclera and posteriorly by a small portion of the ciliary body, the iris, and that part of the crystalline lens which presents through the pupil. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed, p109)

Measurement of distances or movements by means of the phenomena caused by the interference of two rays of light (optical interferometry) or of sound (acoustic interferometry).

The condition of where images are correctly brought to a focus on the retina.

A refractive error in which rays of light entering the eye parallel to the optic axis are brought to a focus behind the retina, as a result of the eyeball being too short from front to back. It is also called farsightedness because the near point is more distant than it is in emmetropia with an equal amplitude of accommodation. (Dorland, 27th ed)

The white, opaque, fibrous, outer tunic of the eyeball, covering it entirely excepting the segment covered anteriorly by the cornea. It is essentially avascular but contains apertures for vessels, lymphatics, and nerves. It receives the tendons of insertion of the extraocular muscles and at the corneoscleral junction contains the canal of Schlemm. (From Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)

Biological action and events that support the functions of the EYE and VISION, OCULAR.

An alternative to REFRACTIVE SURGICAL PROCEDURES. A therapeutic procedure for correcting REFRACTIVE ERRORS. It involves wearing CONTACT LENSES designed to force corrective changes to the curvature of the CORNEA that remain after the lenses are removed. The effect is temporary but is maintained by wearing the therapeutic lenses daily, usually during sleep.

Measurements of the height, weight, length, area, etc., of the human and animal body or its parts.

Processes and properties of the EYE as a whole or of any of its parts.

An imaging method using LASERS that is used for mapping subsurface structure. When a reflective site in the sample is at the same optical path length (coherence) as the reference mirror, the detector observes interference fringes.

The transparent anterior portion of the fibrous coat of the eye consisting of five layers: stratified squamous CORNEAL EPITHELIUM; BOWMAN MEMBRANE; CORNEAL STROMA; DESCEMET MEMBRANE; and mesenchymal CORNEAL ENDOTHELIUM. It serves as the first refracting medium of the eye. It is structurally continuous with the SCLERA, avascular, receiving its nourishment by permeation through spaces between the lamellae, and is innervated by the ophthalmic division of the TRIGEMINAL NERVE via the ciliary nerves and those of the surrounding conjunctiva which together form plexuses. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)

The pressure of the fluids in the eye.

The thin, highly vascular membrane covering most of the posterior of the eye between the RETINA and SCLERA.

Artificial implanted lenses.

Measurement of ocular tension (INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE) with a tonometer. (Cline, et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)

Absence of crystalline lens totally or partially from field of vision, from any cause except after cataract extraction. Aphakia is mainly congenital or as result of LENS DISLOCATION AND SUBLUXATION.

Excessive axial myopia associated with complications (especially posterior staphyloma and CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION) that can lead to BLINDNESS.

A pair of ophthalmic lenses in a frame or mounting which is supported by the nose and ears. The purpose is to aid or improve vision. It does not include goggles or nonprescription sun glasses for which EYE PROTECTIVE DEVICES is available.

A transparent, biconvex structure of the EYE, enclosed in a capsule and situated behind the IRIS and in front of the vitreous humor (VITREOUS BODY). It is slightly overlapped at its margin by the ciliary processes. Adaptation by the CILIARY BODY is crucial for OCULAR ACCOMMODATION.

Clarity or sharpness of OCULAR VISION or the ability of the eye to see fine details. Visual acuity depends on the functions of RETINA, neuronal transmission, and the interpretative ability of the brain. Normal visual acuity is expressed as 20/20 indicating that one can see at 20 feet what should normally be seen at that distance. Visual acuity can also be influenced by brightness, color, and contrast.

The measurement of curvature and shape of the anterior surface of the cornea using techniques such as keratometry, keratoscopy, photokeratoscopy, profile photography, computer-assisted image processing and videokeratography. This measurement is often applied in the fitting of contact lenses and in diagnosing corneal diseases or corneal changes including keratoconus, which occur after keratotomy and keratoplasty.

A form of glaucoma in which the intraocular pressure increases because the angle of the anterior chamber is blocked and the aqueous humor cannot drain from the anterior chamber.

The portion of the optic nerve seen in the fundus with the ophthalmoscope. It is formed by the meeting of all the retinal ganglion cell axons as they enter the optic nerve.

Diseases affecting the eye.

Insertion of an artificial lens to replace the natural CRYSTALLINE LENS after CATARACT EXTRACTION or to supplement the natural lens which is left in place.

The absence or restriction of the usual external sensory stimuli to which the individual responds.

Methods and procedures for the diagnosis of diseases of the eye or of vision disorders.

An objective determination of the refractive state of the eye (NEARSIGHTEDNESS; FARSIGHTEDNESS; ASTIGMATISM). By using a RETINOSCOPE, the amount of correction and the power of lens needed can be determined.

Voluntary or reflex-controlled movements of the eye.

General disorders of the sclera or white of the eye. They may include anatomic, embryologic, degenerative, or pigmentation defects.

The transparent, semigelatinous substance that fills the cavity behind the CRYSTALLINE LENS of the EYE and in front of the RETINA. It is contained in a thin hyaloid membrane and forms about four fifths of the optic globe.

The removal of a cataractous CRYSTALLINE LENS from the eye.

Partial or complete opacity on or in the lens or capsule of one or both eyes, impairing vision or causing blindness. The many kinds of cataract are classified by their morphology (size, shape, location) or etiology (cause and time of occurrence). (Dorland, 27th ed)

The professional practice of primary eye and vision care that includes the measurement of visual refractive power and the correction of visual defects with lenses or glasses.

Organic siloxanes which are polymerized to the oily stage. The oils have low surface tension and density less than 1. They are used in industrial applications and in the treatment of retinal detachment, complicated by proliferative vitreoretinopathy.

An ocular disease, occurring in many forms, having as its primary characteristics an unstable or a sustained increase in the intraocular pressure which the eye cannot withstand without damage to its structure or impairment of its function. The consequences of the increased pressure may be manifested in a variety of symptoms, depending upon type and severity, such as excavation of the optic disk, hardness of the eyeball, corneal anesthesia, reduced visual acuity, seeing of colored halos around lights, disturbed dark adaptation, visual field defects, and headaches. (Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)

An oval area in the retina, 3 to 5 mm in diameter, usually located temporal to the posterior pole of the eye and slightly below the level of the optic disk. It is characterized by the presence of a yellow pigment diffusely permeating the inner layers, contains the fovea centralis in its center, and provides the best phototropic visual acuity. It is devoid of retinal blood vessels, except in its periphery, and receives nourishment from the choriocapillaris of the choroid. (From Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)

A condition of an inequality of refractive power of the two eyes.

The dioptric adjustment of the EYE (to attain maximal sharpness of retinal imagery for an object of regard) referring to the ability, to the mechanism, or to the process. Ocular accommodation is the effecting of refractive changes by changes in the shape of the CRYSTALLINE LENS. Loosely, it refers to ocular adjustments for VISION, OCULAR at various distances. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)

A procedure for removal of the crystalline lens in cataract surgery in which an anterior capsulectomy is performed by means of a needle inserted through a small incision at the temporal limbus, allowing the lens contents to fall through the dilated pupil into the anterior chamber where they are broken up by the use of ultrasound and aspirated out of the eye through the incision. (Cline, et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed & In Focus 1993;1(1):1)

A specialized field of physics and engineering involved in studying the behavior and properties of light and the technology of analyzing, generating, transmitting, and manipulating ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION in the visible, infrared, and ultraviolet range.

Congenital absence of or defects in structures of the eye; may also be hereditary.

Color of the iris.

Congenital or developmental anomaly in which the eyeballs are abnormally small.

Examination of the interior of the eye with an ophthalmoscope.

The back two-thirds of the eye that includes the anterior hyaloid membrane and all of the optical structures behind it: the VITREOUS HUMOR; RETINA; CHOROID; and OPTIC NERVE.

The period of confinement of a patient to a hospital or other health facility.

Unequal curvature of the refractive surfaces of the eye. Thus a point source of light cannot be brought to a point focus on the retina but is spread over a more or less diffuse area. This results from the radius of curvature in one plane being longer or shorter than the radius at right angles to it. (Dorland, 27th ed)

The aperture in the iris through which light passes.

Damage or trauma inflicted to the eye by external means. The concept includes both surface injuries and intraocular injuries.

The theory that human CHARACTER and BEHAVIOR are shaped by the GENES that comprise the individual's GENOTYPE rather than by CULTURE; ENVIRONMENT; and individual choice.

Agents that dilate the pupil. They may be either sympathomimetics or parasympatholytics.

The ten-layered nervous tissue membrane of the eye. It is continuous with the OPTIC NERVE and receives images of external objects and transmits visual impulses to the brain. Its outer surface is in contact with the CHOROID and the inner surface with the VITREOUS BODY. The outer-most layer is pigmented, whereas the inner nine layers are transparent.

Individuals whose ancestral origins are in the southeastern and eastern areas of the Asian continent.

Presence of an intraocular lens after cataract extraction.

Slender processes of NEURONS, including the AXONS and their glial envelopes (MYELIN SHEATH). Nerve fibers conduct nerve impulses to and from the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

A scientific tool based on ULTRASONOGRAPHY and used not only for the observation of microstructure in metalwork but also in living tissue. In biomedical application, the acoustic propagation speed in normal and abnormal tissues can be quantified to distinguish their tissue elasticity and other properties.

Pieces of glass or other transparent materials used for magnification or increased visual acuity.

Neurons of the innermost layer of the retina, the internal plexiform layer. They are of variable sizes and shapes, and their axons project via the OPTIC NERVE to the brain. A small subset of these cells act as photoreceptors with projections to the SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS, the center for regulating CIRCADIAN RHYTHM.

The distance between the anterior and posterior poles of the eye, measured either by ULTRASONOGRAPHY or by partial coherence interferometry.

Method of making images on a sensitized surface by exposure to light or other radiant energy.

A parasympatholytic anticholinergic used solely to obtain mydriasis or cycloplegia.

Corneal and conjunctival dryness due to deficient tear production, predominantly in menopausal and post-menopausal women. Filamentary keratitis or erosion of the conjunctival and corneal epithelium may be caused by these disorders. Sensation of the presence of a foreign body in the eye and burning of the eyes may occur.

A method of stopping internal bleeding or blood flow, or the closure of a wound or body cavity, achieved by applying pressure or introducing an absorbent liquid, gel, or tampon.

The front third of the eyeball that includes the structures between the front surface of the cornea and the front of the VITREOUS BODY.

Examination of the angle of the anterior chamber of the eye with a specialized optical instrument (gonioscope) or a contact prism lens.

Glaucoma in which the angle of the anterior chamber is open and the trabecular meshwork does not encroach on the base of the iris.

Separation of the inner layers of the retina (neural retina) from the pigment epithelium. Retinal detachment occurs more commonly in men than in women, in eyes with degenerative myopia, in aging and in aphakia. It may occur after an uncomplicated cataract extraction, but it is seen more often if vitreous humor has been lost during surgery. (Dorland, 27th ed; Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p310-12).

Images seen by one eye.

Lenses designed to be worn on the front surface of the eyeball. (UMDNS, 1999)

A genus of tree shrews of the family TUPAIIDAE which consists of about 12 species. One of the most frequently encountered species is T. glis. Members of this genus inhabit rain forests and secondary growth areas in southeast Asia.

Removal of the whole or part of the vitreous body in treating endophthalmitis, diabetic retinopathy, retinal detachment, intraocular foreign bodies, and some types of glaucoma.

The most anterior portion of the uveal layer, separating the anterior chamber from the posterior. It consists of two layers - the stroma and the pigmented epithelium. Color of the iris depends on the amount of melanin in the stroma on reflection from the pigmented epithelium.

The technique that deals with the measurement of the size, weight, and proportions of the human or other primate body.

Measurement of the index of refraction (the ratio of the velocity of light or other radiation in the first of two media to its velocity in the second as it passes from one into the other).

A condition in which the intraocular pressure is elevated above normal and which may lead to glaucoma.

Diseases of the cornea.

Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.

Absence of the crystalline lens resulting from cataract extraction.

Injury to any part of the eye by extreme heat, chemical agents, or ultraviolet radiation.

The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.

That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum in the visible, ultraviolet, and infrared range.

An area approximately 1.5 millimeters in diameter within the macula lutea where the retina thins out greatly because of the oblique shifting of all layers except the pigment epithelium layer. It includes the sloping walls of the fovea (clivus) and contains a few rods in its periphery. In its center (foveola) are the cones most adapted to yield high visual acuity, each cone being connected to only one ganglion cell. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)

Descriptive anatomy based on three-dimensional imaging (IMAGING, THREE-DIMENSIONAL) of the body, organs, and structures using a series of computer multiplane sections, displayed by transverse, coronal, and sagittal analyses. It is essential to accurate interpretation by the radiologist of such techniques as ultrasonic diagnosis, MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING, and computed tomography (TOMOGRAPHY, X-RAY COMPUTED). (From Lane & Sharfaei, Modern Sectional Anatomy, 1992, Preface)

Soft, supple contact lenses made of plastic polymers which interact readily with water molecules. Many types are available, including continuous and extended-wear versions, which are gas-permeable and easily sterilized.

The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.

Variation occurring within a species in the presence or length of DNA fragment generated by a specific endonuclease at a specific site in the genome. Such variations are generated by mutations that create or abolish recognition sites for these enzymes or change the length of the fragment.

The surgical removal of the eyeball leaving the eye muscles and remaining orbital contents intact.

The regular recurrence, in cycles of about 24 hours, of biological processes or activities, such as sensitivity to drugs and stimuli, hormone secretion, sleeping, and feeding.

Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.

The inner layer of CHOROID, also called the lamina basalis choroideae, located adjacent to the RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM; (RPE) of the EYE. It is a membrane composed of the basement membranes of the choriocapillaris ENDOTHELIUM and that of the RPE. The membrane stops at the OPTIC NERVE, as does the RPE.

A bilateral retinopathy occurring in premature infants treated with excessively high concentrations of oxygen, characterized by vascular dilatation, proliferation, and tortuosity, edema, and retinal detachment, with ultimate conversion of the retina into a fibrous mass that can be seen as a dense retrolental membrane. Usually growth of the eye is arrested and may result in microophthalmia, and blindness may occur. (Dorland, 27th ed)

A country spanning from central Asia to the Pacific Ocean.

The 2nd cranial nerve which conveys visual information from the RETINA to the brain. The nerve carries the axons of the RETINAL GANGLION CELLS which sort at the OPTIC CHIASM and continue via the OPTIC TRACTS to the brain. The largest projection is to the lateral geniculate nuclei; other targets include the SUPERIOR COLLICULI and the SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEI. Though known as the second cranial nerve, it is considered part of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

An optical source that emits photons in a coherent beam. Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation (LASER) is brought about using devices that transform light of varying frequencies into a single intense, nearly nondivergent beam of monochromatic radiation. Lasers operate in the infrared, visible, ultraviolet, or X-ray regions of the spectrum.

The concave interior of the eye, consisting of the retina, the choroid, the sclera, the optic disk, and blood vessels, seen by means of the ophthalmoscope. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)

Introduction of substances into the body using a needle and syringe.

Common name for the species Gallus gallus, the domestic fowl, in the family Phasianidae, order GALLIFORMES. It is descended from the red jungle fowl of SOUTHEAST ASIA.

Centers for storing various parts of the eye for future use.

Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time.

The range or frequency distribution of a measurement in a population (of organisms, organs or things) that has not been selected for the presence of disease or abnormality.

Blockage of the RETINAL VEIN. Those at high risk for this condition include patients with HYPERTENSION; DIABETES MELLITUS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; and other CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES.

The total area or space visible in a person's peripheral vision with the eye looking straightforward.

Disorders affecting TWINS, one or both, at any age.

The single layer of pigment-containing epithelial cells in the RETINA, situated closely to the tips (outer segments) of the RETINAL PHOTORECEPTOR CELLS. These epithelial cells are macroglia that perform essential functions for the photoreceptor cells, such as in nutrient transport, phagocytosis of the shed photoreceptor membranes, and ensuring retinal attachment.

Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.

Tumors or cancer of the EYE.

A species of the genus MACACA inhabiting India, China, and other parts of Asia. The species is used extensively in biomedical research and adapts very well to living with humans.

The period following a surgical operation.

Light sensory organ in ARTHROPODS consisting of a large number of ommatidia, each functioning as an independent photoreceptor unit.

Two offspring from the same PREGNANCY. They are from two OVA, fertilized at about the same time by two SPERMATOZOA. Such twins are genetically distinct and can be of different sexes.

Personal devices for protection of the eyes from impact, flying objects, glare, liquids, or injurious radiation.

Two off-spring from the same PREGNANCY. They are from a single fertilized OVUM that split into two EMBRYOS. Such twins are usually genetically identical and of the same sex.

The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.

The measurement of an organ in volume, mass, or heaviness.

An infant during the first month after birth.

The process of generating three-dimensional images by electronic, photographic, or other methods. For example, three-dimensional images can be generated by assembling multiple tomographic images with the aid of a computer, while photographic 3-D images (HOLOGRAPHY) can be made by exposing film to the interference pattern created when two laser light sources shine on an object.

Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.

Deeply perforating or puncturing type intraocular injuries.

A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.

The positioning and accommodation of eyes that allows the image to be brought into place on the FOVEA CENTRALIS of each eye.

Sterile solutions that are intended for instillation into the eye. It does not include solutions for cleaning eyeglasses or CONTACT LENS SOLUTIONS.

Maleness or femaleness as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from SEX CHARACTERISTICS, anatomical or physiological manifestations of sex, and from SEX DISTRIBUTION, the number of males and females in given circumstances.

Inanimate objects that become enclosed in the eye.

Methods and procedures for recording EYE MOVEMENTS.

An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

The visualization of deep structures of the body by recording the reflections or echoes of ultrasonic pulses directed into the tissues. Use of ultrasound for imaging or diagnostic purposes employs frequencies ranging from 1.6 to 10 megahertz.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

The worsening of a disease over time. This concept is most often used for chronic and incurable diseases where the stage of the disease is an important determinant of therapy and prognosis.

Infection, moderate to severe, caused by bacteria, fungi, or viruses, which occurs either on the external surface of the eye or intraocularly with probable inflammation, visual impairment, or blindness.

Refers to animals in the period of time just after birth.

Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.

Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or the effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from AGING, a physiological process, and TIME FACTORS which refers only to the passage of time.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

A terminal section of a chromosome which has a specialized structure and which is involved in chromosomal replication and stability. Its length is believed to be a few hundred base pairs.

Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.

The clear, watery fluid which fills the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye. It has a refractive index lower than the crystalline lens, which it surrounds, and is involved in the metabolism of the cornea and the crystalline lens. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed, p319)

A group of people with a common cultural heritage that sets them apart from others in a variety of social relationships.

Infections in the inner or external eye caused by microorganisms belonging to several families of bacteria. Some of the more common genera found are Haemophilus, Neisseria, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Chlamydia.

A ring of tissue extending from the scleral spur to the ora serrata of the RETINA. It consists of the uveal portion and the epithelial portion. The ciliary muscle is in the uveal portion and the ciliary processes are in the epithelial portion.

The fluid secreted by the lacrimal glands. This fluid moistens the CONJUNCTIVA and CORNEA.

The blending of separate images seen by each eye into one composite image.

Eye movements that are slow, continuous, and conjugate and occur when a fixed object is moved slowly.

A set of techniques used when variation in several variables has to be studied simultaneously. In statistics, multivariate analysis is interpreted as any analytic method that allows simultaneous study of two or more dependent variables.

Infections of the eye caused by minute intracellular agents. These infections may lead to severe inflammation in various parts of the eye - conjunctiva, iris, eyelids, etc. Several viruses have been identified as the causative agents. Among these are Herpesvirus, Adenovirus, Poxvirus, and Myxovirus.

Individuals whose ancestral origins are in the continent of Europe.

Visual impairments limiting one or more of the basic functions of the eye: visual acuity, dark adaptation, color vision, or peripheral vision. These may result from EYE DISEASES; OPTIC NERVE DISEASES; VISUAL PATHWAY diseases; OCCIPITAL LOBE diseases; OCULAR MOTILITY DISORDERS; and other conditions (From Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p132).

Investigative technique commonly used during ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY in which a series of bright light flashes or visual patterns are used to elicit brain activity.

A surgical specialty concerned with the structure and function of the eye and the medical and surgical treatment of its defects and diseases.

The muscles that move the eye. Included in this group are the medial rectus, lateral rectus, superior rectus, inferior rectus, inferior oblique, superior oblique, musculus orbitalis, and levator palpebrae superioris.

Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are defined populations which, as a whole, are followed in an attempt to determine distinguishing subgroup characteristics.

The process in which light signals are transformed by the PHOTORECEPTOR CELLS into electrical signals which can then be transmitted to the brain.

Predetermined sets of questions used to collect data - clinical data, social status, occupational group, etc. The term is often applied to a self-completed survey instrument.

The mucous membrane that covers the posterior surface of the eyelids and the anterior pericorneal surface of the eyeball.

Visualization of a vascular system after intravenous injection of a fluorescein solution. The images may be photographed or televised. It is used especially in studying the retinal and uveal vasculature.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Each of the upper and lower folds of SKIN which cover the EYE when closed.

Infection by a variety of fungi, usually through four possible mechanisms: superficial infection producing conjunctivitis, keratitis, or lacrimal obstruction; extension of infection from neighboring structures - skin, paranasal sinuses, nasopharynx; direct introduction during surgery or accidental penetrating trauma; or via the blood or lymphatic routes in patients with underlying mycoses.

Specialized cells in the invertebrates that detect and transduce light. They are predominantly rhabdomeric with an array of photosensitive microvilli. Illumination depolarizes invertebrate photoreceptors by stimulating Na+ influx across the plasma membrane.

Mild to severe infections of the eye and its adjacent structures (adnexa) by adult or larval protozoan or metazoan parasites.

A dull or sharp painful sensation associated with the outer or inner structures of the eyeball, having different causes.

Misalignment of the visual axes of the eyes. In comitant strabismus the degree of ocular misalignment does not vary with the direction of gaze. In noncomitant strabismus the degree of misalignment varies depending on direction of gaze or which eye is fixating on the target. (Miller, Walsh & Hoyt's Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology, 4th ed, p641)

The surgical removal of the inner contents of the eye, leaving the sclera intact. It should be differentiated from ORBIT EVISCERATION which removes the entire contents of the orbit, including eyeball, blood vessels, muscles, fat, nerve supply, and periosteum.

A latent susceptibility to disease at the genetic level, which may be activated under certain conditions.

Intraocular hemorrhage from the vessels of various tissues of the eye.

PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS.

The detection of RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISMS by selective PCR amplification of restriction fragments derived from genomic DNA followed by electrophoretic analysis of the amplified restriction fragments.

Degenerative changes in the RETINA usually of older adults which results in a loss of vision in the center of the visual field (the MACULA LUTEA) because of damage to the retina. It occurs in dry and wet forms.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

The inability to see or the loss or absence of perception of visual stimuli. This condition may be the result of EYE DISEASES; OPTIC NERVE DISEASES; OPTIC CHIASM diseases; or BRAIN DISEASES affecting the VISUAL PATHWAYS or OCCIPITAL LOBE.

A nonspecific term referring to impaired vision. Major subcategories include stimulus deprivation-induced amblyopia and toxic amblyopia. Stimulus deprivation-induced amblyopia is a developmental disorder of the visual cortex. A discrepancy between visual information received by the visual cortex from each eye results in abnormal cortical development. STRABISMUS and REFRACTIVE ERRORS may cause this condition. Toxic amblyopia is a disorder of the OPTIC NERVE which is associated with ALCOHOLISM, tobacco SMOKING, and other toxins and as an adverse effect of the use of some medications.

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

Recording of electric potentials in the retina after stimulation by light.

The loss of some TELOMERE sequence during DNA REPLICATION of the first several base pairs of a linear DNA molecule; or from DNA DAMAGE. Cells have various mechanisms to restore length (TELOMERE HOMEOSTASIS.) Telomere shortening is involved in the progression of CELL AGING.

Maintenance of TELOMERE length. During DNA REPLICATION, chromosome ends loose some of their telomere sequence (TELOMERE SHORTENING.) Various cellular mechanism are involved in repairing, extending, and recapping the telomere ends.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

The properties, processes, and behavior of biological systems under the action of mechanical forces.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

The turning inward of the lines of sight toward each other.

Surgery performed on the eye or any of its parts.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

Voluntary or involuntary motion of head that may be relative to or independent of body; includes animals and humans.

Conditions which produce injury or dysfunction of the second cranial or optic nerve, which is generally considered a component of the central nervous system. Damage to optic nerve fibers may occur at or near their origin in the retina, at the optic disk, or in the nerve, optic chiasm, optic tract, or lateral geniculate nuclei. Clinical manifestations may include decreased visual acuity and contrast sensitivity, impaired color vision, and an afferent pupillary defect.

The repeating contractile units of the MYOFIBRIL, delimited by Z bands along its length.

The selecting and organizing of visual stimuli based on the individual's past experience.

A reflex wherein impulses are conveyed from the cupulas of the SEMICIRCULAR CANALS and from the OTOLITHIC MEMBRANE of the SACCULE AND UTRICLE via the VESTIBULAR NUCLEI of the BRAIN STEM and the median longitudinal fasciculus to the OCULOMOTOR NERVE nuclei. It functions to maintain a stable retinal image during head rotation by generating appropriate compensatory EYE MOVEMENTS.

Human optical axial length and defocus. (1/93)

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Ethnic differences in the prevalence of myopia and ocular biometry in 10- and 11-year-old children: the Child Heart and Health Study in England (CHASE). (2/93)

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Hyperopic refractive error and shorter axial length are associated with age-related macular degeneration: the Singapore Malay Eye Study. (3/93)

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In vivo measurement of blood velocity in human major retinal vessels using the laser speckle method. (4/93)

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Relative peripheral refractive error and the risk of onset and progression of myopia in children. (5/93)

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Influence of refractive error and axial length on retinal vessel geometric characteristics. (6/93)

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Axial length of myopia: a review of current research. (7/93)

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Axial length measurements by contact and immersion techniques in pediatric eyes with cataract. (8/93)

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Axial Length of the eye affects exophthalmometer reading. Pseudoproptosis may be seen in severe myopia. "Exophthalmometer in ... "Myopic proptosis and the associated changes in axial components of the eye". Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi. 43 (6): 525-9. PMID ... Exophthalmometers can also identify enophthalmos (retraction of the eye into the orbit), a sign of blow-out fracture or certain ... An exophthalmometer is an instrument used for measuring the degree of forward displacement of the eye in exophthalmos. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exophthalmometer

"Ultrasonic observation of eyes in premature babies. Part 6: Growth curves of ocular axial length and its components (author's ... Human eyes are formed in such a way that each eye reflects a stimulus at a slightly different angle thereby producing two ... Newborn's eyes move in the same direction only about half of the time. The strength of eye muscle control is positively ... sensitivity to bright light Constant eye turning Strabismus Nystagmus Amblyopia Photophobia Tumor in the eye Cataract Eye exam ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infant_visual_development

The power of phakic lens is independent of the axial length of the eye. Rather it depends on central corneal power, anterior ... because the eye's natural lens is left untouched. Intraocular lenses that are implanted into eyes after the eye's natural lens ... Both eyes can usually be done on the same day. Steroid antibiotic eye drops are usually prescribed for 2-4 weeks after surgery ... A phakic intraocular lens (PIOL) is a special kind of intraocular lens that is implanted surgically into the eye to correct ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phakic_intraocular_lens

... is the length of the eye (mm). The SRK II formula adjusts the A constant utilized depending on the axial length: increasing the ... Eye's axial length (AL) Corneal power (K) Postoperative IOL position within the eye known as estimated lens position (ELP) The ... While this is a convenient way to determine the axial length for most normal eyes, errors in measurement almost invariably ... This relationship is changed in LASIK eyes. Most IOL power formulas use the axial length and keratometric reading (K) to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intraocular_lens_power_calculation

... has short genal spines and small compound eyes located in the center of the cephalon with the glabella in between ... Pseudogygites species can reach 25 centimetres (10 in) in length and 10 cm (4 in) in width. Pseudogygites is found in late ... The pygidium contains faint pleural furrows and no axial rings. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudogygites

... is a relatively large synziphosurine, ranging about 7 cm to 10 cm in full body length. The prosoma is covered by a ... and axial nodes. However, the opisthosoma is most likely 11-segmented in origin, with the first segment being highly reduced (a ... semicircular carapace with blunt genal cornua (posterolateral corners). There is possible evidence of lateral eyes located just ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weinbergina

... reduction in eye axial length, and narrow iridocorneal angles. Eyes from individuals with angle-closure glaucoma (ACG) often ... The clinical features of this condition include extreme hyperopia due to short axial length with essentially normal anterior ... The gene is located on long arm of chromosome 2 (2q37.1). The encoded protein is 603 amino acid residues in length with a ... The fundus of the eye shows crowded optical discs, tortuous vessels and an abnormal foveal avascular zone. Mice homozygous for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PRSS56

Eyes were crescent shaped providing an almost 360° view, but only in the horizontal plane. Its elongate thorax was composed of ... Pygidium is small with one or two axial rings and may be partially or completely fused to the last thoracic segment. The axis ... Palpebral lobes are short and of variable length. Hypostoma in some species is fused with the rostral plate, e.g. in ... Depending on species the facial sutures are of variable length behind the palpebral lobes. The preocular sections of the facial ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradoxides

The visual surface of the eye is rather small (about 20% of the length of the cephalon), with the front about halflength of the ... with the front straight and confluent with the eye ridges. The occipital ring is about as wide as the border and the axial ... consisting almost fully of the axis and post axial boss, with two vaguely defined axial rings. During the ontogenetic ... anterior of the visual surface is parallel to the midline or converges slightly forward and from the back of the eye diverges ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yunnanocephalus

The optics of the eye including its refractive power and axial length also play a major role in retinal image size.[citation ... The person then closes one eye, and then the other. The person should notice that the target appears larger to the eye that it ... Eyes in the Storm-President Hopkins' Dilemma: The Dartmouth Eye Institute, Norwich, Vermont: Norwich Book Press, p. 288 ... having significantly different refractive errors between each eye) or antimetropia (being myopic (nearsighted) in one eye and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aniseikonia

That is, the operated eye will be more short sighted after the operation due to the buckle causing the axial length to increase ... The retina is a thin layer of light-sensitive tissue on the back wall of the eye. The optical system of the eye focuses light ... Although retinal detachment usually occurs in one eye, there is a 15% chance of developing it in the other eye, and this risk ... It is another method of repairing a retinal detachment in which a gas bubble (SF6 or C3F8 gas) is injected into the eye after ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinal_detachment

pygidium) has six axial rings that decrease in size backwards and four or five pairs of rearward pointing marginal spines. ... Narrow occular ridges curve backwards from the front of the glabella to the small, outwardly-bowed eyes. The librigenae narrow ... Cephalon, thorax and pygidium are of approximately equal length. Olenoides serratus is one of about twenty species of which the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olenoides

... difference has been hypothesized to originate from a natural decrease in cone density with the increase in eye axial length ... While it is able to image the retina in real time, it has issues with reflections from eye astigmatism and the cornea. Eye ... Analysis of cone packing density before AOSLO was only possible on mounted eyes from eye donor banks. As this method could not ... Bessho K, Fujikado T, Mihashi T, Yamaguchi T, Nakazawa N, Tano Y. "Photoreceptor images of normal eyes and of eyes with macular ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scanning_laser_ophthalmoscopy

Axial myopia is attributed to an increase in the eye's axial length Refractive myopia is attributed to the condition of the ... Scleral buckles, used in the repair of retinal detachments may induce myopia by increasing the axial length of the eye. Index ... Upon routine examination of the eyes, the vast majority of myopic eyes appear structurally identical to nonmyopic eyes.[ ... "Axial Eye Length after Retinal Detachment Surgery". Collegium Antropologicum. 29 - Supplement 1 (1): 25-27. PMID 16193671. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myopia

Axial hypermetropia occur when the axial length of eyeball is too short. About 1 mm decrease in axial length cause 3 diopters ... tiredness of eyes etc. The common symptom is eye strain. Difficulty seeing with both eyes (binocular vision) may occur, as well ... It may occur when the axial length of eyeball is too short or if the lens or cornea is flatter than normal. Changes in ... Ramjit, Sihota; Radhika, Tandon (15 July 2015). "Refractive errors of the eye". Parsons' diseases of the eye (22nd ed.). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Far-sightedness

... as choroidal thickness decreases with age and increasing axial length of the eye causing near-sightedness (myopia). Within the ... Pachychoroid disorders of the macula represent a group of diseases affecting the central part of the retina of the eye, the ... Anti-VEGF therapy, which is injected directly into the eye (intravitreally), has proven to be an effective therapy in this case ... eyes are classified as having an uncomplicated pachychoroid. It is assumed that a large part of the population has a thickened ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pachychoroid_disorders_of_the_macula

On observation for increasing axial length was one of the salient features of Marfan syndrome also resulting in TGF-β supported ... deficiency of LRP1 which was responsible to perturbation of TGF-β regulation and might cause abnormal ECM remodeling in the eye ... PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique is used for genotyping of LRPAP1 intron 5 insertion/deletion. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LDL-receptor-related_protein-associated_protein

Later procedures focused on modifying the axial length of the eye, by preventing elongation and staphyloma progression by ... Eye. Ward, B., Tarutta, E., & Mayer, M. (2009). The efficacy and safety of posterior pole buckles in the control of progressive ... in early literature aimed at shortening the length of the eyeball by resecting a ring of sclera from the equator of the eye. ... Eye, 23(12), 2169-2174. Thompson, F., Scleral Reinforcement. Chapter 10., in Myopia Surgery. 1990, Macmillan: New York. p. 267- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scleral_reinforcement_surgery

... whenever the disparity between the two eyes is due to a difference in axial length of the eyes. When a refractive error is ... Knapp's Rule states that lenses placed at the anterior focal point of the eye, generally 15 mm in front of the eye, will create ... One difficulty, then, in prescribing glasses to an individual with a disparity in refractive error between the two eyes is that ... a disparity in image size between the two eyes may be created. There is some controversy as to the soundness of Knapp's Rule. v ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knapp's_rule

That condition of the normal eye is achieved when the refractive power of the cornea and eye lens and the axial length of the ... "Photorefractive Keratectomy (PRK) Eye Surgery" Mutti, DO (2005). "Axial Growth and Changes in Lenticular and Corneal Power ... eye at a distance of 20 ft (the second number). Eyes that have enough myopia (near-sighted), hyperopia (far-sighted, excluding ... the eye presents defects sufficiently pronounced to be easily established." Physiologic Optics: Dioptrics of the Eye, Functions ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmetropia

With one eye of average size, the asymmetry often becomes much more severe as the child ages. An axial length of less than 16 ... An ultrasound may also be conducted to confirm whether the axial length of the eye is clinically below average (i.e. at least 2 ... as a small eye is usually far-sighted. When one of the eyes is unaffected, caution should be taken to guard this 'good' eye and ... While the axis of an adult human eye has an average length of about 23.8 mm (0.94 in), a diagnosis of microphthalmia generally ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microphthalmia

The glabella is wide at its base, normally parallel sided but may taper gently or be at its widest at half length. Glabellar ... The pygidial axis is long and strongly tapered with 10 or more axial rings. The segmentation of the axis, however, is often ... All Weymouthiidae lack eyes. The thorax consists of three rings when known (Mallagnostus, Marocconus, Serrodiscus, Tannudiscus ... and forms with a primitive occipital structure but with a greatly increased numbers of axial segments. KOBAYASHI T. 1943. Brief ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weymouthiidae

Exceedingly small changes in axial length of the eyeball (18.6-19.2 μm) are caused by the action of the ciliary muscle during ... Grierson, Ian (2000). "Exercises for Eyes as an Alternative to Glasses". The Eye Book: Eyes and Eye Problems Explained. ... crossed-eye, lazy eye, and to more serious eye conditions such as cataracts and glaucoma. His therapies were based on these ... "eye exercises, muscle relaxation techniques, biofeedback, eye patches, or eye massages", "alone or in combinations". No ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bates_method

The ostrich has the largest eye of any land vertebrate, with an axial length of 50 mm (2.0 in), twice that of the human eye. ... Nocturnal birds have eyes optimised for visual sensitivity, with large corneas relative to the eye's length, whereas diurnal ... a tough white collagen fibre layer which surrounds the rest of the eye and supports and protects the eye as a whole. The eye is ... The shorter focal length of shearwater eyes give them a smaller, but brighter, image than is the case for pigeons, so the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bird_vision

This short length is achieved by the spiral valve with multiple turns within a single short section instead of a very long tube ... These markings run from their eyes to their first dorsal fin and then across the rest of their bodies. Both dorsal fins are ... Port Jackson Shark movements have been quantified using tri-axial accelerometers. These sensors function like Fitbits, but for ... Identification of this species is very easy due to the pattern of harness-like markings that cross the eyes, run along the back ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_Jackson_shark

Many non-proprietary co-axial power plugs are 5.5 mm (0.22 in) in outside diameter (OD) and 9.5 mm (0.37 in) in length. Two pin ... If the size is not known, it is difficult to distinguish by eye or measurement between the 2.1mm and 2.5mm ID plugs; some ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector

Axial sculpture is absent or feebly developed. The aperture is ovate. The columellar margin is smoot. The outer lip has a ... The eyes are located externally near the base of cylindrical tentacles. The radula formula is 1-0-R-0-1 The duplex radular ... This family consists of moderately sized shells, usually between 20 and 30 mm, but in Nihonia maxima the length of shell can ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cochlespiridae

The facial suture in front of the eye is long and strongly divergent, while the portion behind the eye isshort. The genal spine ... The area in front of the glabella is relatively long (about ⅓× the length of the glabella), and not differentiated into a ... The pygidial axis is short, with 1 axial ring. The surface is smooth. "Anabaraspis". Global Names Index. Retrieved 2015-01-04. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anabaraspis

Because its eyes were comparable in size to those of modern day-living (diurnal) lemurs, Pachylemur was probably diurnal as ... Unlike ruffed lemurs, the fore- and hindlimbs of Pachylemur were nearly the same length, and therefore it was likely to be a ... Yet more recent analysis of its axial and appendicular skeleton-particularly the vertebrae and femur-suggests that it was a ... The skull of Pachylemur is relatively broad, but the orbits (eye sockets) are smaller and oriented more towards the front than ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pachylemur

The relative length of the eye lobe decreases during ontogeny, although only slightly in larger specimens. Also the length of ... A postule in the middle of each axial ring may be present. Frontal margin perpendicular to the midline, but gradually curling ... Eyes lunar shaped, ⅓-¼ as long as the glabella, back perpendicular to the front of the occipital ring, midlength about as far ... From the front of the eye the facial suture is directed forward and outward at ±30°, only to curve abruptly forward and inward ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dikelocephalus

... animals capable of fast locomotion require large eyes. The eye of the horse is set to the side of its skull, consistent with ... The small colon is 3.0 to 3.7 m (10 to 12 ft) in length and holds only 19 L (5 US gal) of material. It is the area where the ... The Appendicular system includes the limbs of the horse; The Axial system is composed of the spine, ribs and skull; The bones ... The horse has one of the largest eyes of all land mammals. Eye size in mammals is significantly correlated to maximum running ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equine_anatomy

The tropical year is the length of time that the Sun, as viewed from the Earth, takes to return to the same position along the ... which with magnitude 5.5 is barely visible to the naked eye even under ideal conditions. That will change from the 80th to the ... In the absence of precession, the astronomical body's orbit would show axial parallelism. In particular, axial precession can ... Axial precession is similar to the precession of a spinning top. In both cases, the applied force is due to gravity. For a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axial_precession

The internal pressure exerts an axial force equal to pressure times the internal cross section of the pipe. F =P[πd^2/4]. If ... Wind force is modeled as a uniform load acting upon the projected length of the pipe perpendicular to the direction of the wind ... It consists of clamp, eye nut, tie rod, beam attachment. Selection of rod hanger depends on pipe size, load, temperature, ... The flywheel is forced apart by the steel balls causing braking plates to come together thus retarding the axial displacement ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipe_support

For example, the eyes are rostral to the back of the skull, and the tailbone is caudal to the chest. Cranial and caudal, which ... Muscle action that moves the axial skeleton work over a joint with an origin and insertion of the muscle on respective side. ... Because the contracting fibers are pulling at an angle to the overall action of the muscle, the change in length is smaller, ... Other terms are also used to describe the movement and actions of the hands and feet, and other structures such as the eye. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomical_terminology

It is the only Romanian title cited among the press reports on the central event: the planned modification of the axial tilt. ... quoting at length from the verbose appeals of his Rosettist idols. The 1898 sketch Istoria se repetă ("History Repeating") is ... "frog eyes". Although Rosetti did not bear Eminescu a grudge, an entire critical school, beginning with the leftist republican ... "the frog eyes", in reference to his embarrassing exophthalmia. Such irony against the Rosettists inspired Rădulescu's disciple ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Românul

... "axial force - force in axial direction between components to be welded, burn-off length - loss of length during the friction ... protect the eyes is required. Forge welding Friction stir welding (FSW) Friction stir spot welding (FSSW) Linear friction ... loss of length that occurs as a result of friction welding, i.e. the sum of the burn-off length and the forge burn-off length, ... forge burn-off length - amount by which the overall length of the components is reduced during the application of the forge ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotary_friction_welding

In addition to making length cuts a radial arm saw may be configured with a dado blade to create cuts for dado, rabbet or half ... Using a hook-and-eye device, Judson intended for this earliest form of the zipper to be used on shoes. He also conceived the ... 1897 Tapered roller bearing Tapered roller bearings are bearings that can take large axial forces as well as being able to ... Alternately, the tie may have a band around the neck fastened with a hook and eye. The clip-on tie was reportedly invented on ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_United_States_inventions_(1890–1945)

A Tediously Accurate Map of the Solar System (web based scroll map scaled to the Moon being 1 pixel) NASA's Eyes-on-the-Solar- ... Uniquely among the planets, it orbits the Sun on its side; its axial tilt is over ninety degrees to the ecliptic. This gives ... each of which are some thousands of light-years in length. All these structures are part of the Orion Arm, which contains most ... a long tail of gas and dust often visible to the naked eye. Short-period comets have orbits lasting less than two hundred years ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System

The axial tilt of Jupiter is relatively small, only 3.13°, so its seasons are insignificant compared to those of Earth and Mars ... It is visible to the naked eye in the night sky and can occasionally be seen in the daytime when the Sun is low. To the ... By the time of the Voyager flybys in 1979, the storm had a length of 23,300 km (14,500 mi) and a width of approximately 13,000 ... Jupiter's low axial tilt means that the poles always receive less solar radiation than the planet's equatorial region. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter

... is about 29 to 33 mm (1.1 to 1.3 in) in length and 2 g (0.071 oz) in mass, hence the common name of " ... Its ears are relatively large, while its eyes are small and mostly concealed by fur. In the jaw, the premaxillae are not fused ... There is a considerable fusion in the axial skeleton, concerning the thoracic (three posterior vertebrae), lumbar (two ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitti's_hog-nosed_bat

The length of the pathway varies depending on the level of difficulty (1-10) and the matrices themselves may vary in length ... one axial line determinant is gravity (McNamara & Shelton, 2001; Kim & Penn, 2004). Axial lines aid everyone in apportioning ... and eye movements. For example, participants completed both the VPT and the Corsi Blocks Task in a selective interference ... The sequence length increases each trial until the participant is no longer able to replicate the pattern correctly. The test ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spatial_memory

Nominal lengths and thread lengths ISO/R 889:1968 Test code for stationary steam generators of the power station type [ ... Axial force-controlled method [Withdrawn without replacement] ISO 1100 Hydrometry - Measurement of liquid flow in open channels ... 50 mm drawbar eye - Interchangeability ISO 1103:2007 Road vehicles - Coupling balls for caravans and light trailers - ... Determination of fibre length using a single-fibre length-measuring machine [Withdrawn: replaced with ISO 6989] ISO 1823:2015 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_International_Organization_for_Standardization_standards,_1–1999

... is expressed along the length of the neural tube and throughout much of the developing brain, and this expression is ... All four subtypes are characterized by hearing loss, eye abnormalities and pigmentation disorders. In addition, WS1 is ... Finally, limb musculature does not develop in the homozygotes and axial musculature demonstrates varying abnormalities. These ... Limited sequencing studies of full-length human cDNAs identified this splicing event as a variant of the PAX3d isoform, and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PAX3

... was a fairly large thalattosaur, with a skull 26 cm (~10 inches) in length and a total length up to 2.5 meters ( ... The atlantal and axial cervical ribs were small, slender, and single-headed. The other cervicals were slightly longer than tall ... Two small bones, the lacrimal and prefrontal, lie in front of the large orbit (eye socket). The presence of a separate lacrimal ... The cervical ribs in the latter half of the neck increased in length and acquired small additional projections between the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Askeptosaurus

These include narrow axial neural spines, a back-directed retroarticular projection on the vertebrae, a hill on the coronoid ... Anguanax is a medium size carnivorous basal pliosaurid, at an estimated body length of about 3-4 m based on the holotype. Its ... as suggested by its moderately expanded side-facing eye sockets, the gracile and relatively long lower jaw, and the small, ... depression, a stepped posteroventral corner of the back margin of the eye socket, rib facets that are placed dorsally on caudal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anguanax

Axial gas passages are provided within the core by holes punched in the lamination's, which line up throughout its length. The ... acts as a magnet to the eye from many parts of the Trent Valley". It was originally operated by the CEGB and then run by ... which communicate with the axial vent holes in the core and stator teeth. After passing through the axial holes the gas is ... The overall length of each machine is 49.53 m (162.5 ft). The generators are rated at 500 MW, 22 kV at 0.85 power factor. Steam ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Burton_power_stations

In the case where flow passes through a straight pipe to enter a centrifugal compressor, the flow is axial, uniform, and has no ... Under critical conditions, the flow will reverse back over the tips of the rotor blades towards the impeller eye (inlet). This ... and 1.3 show three different open full inducer rotors with alternating full blades/vanes and shorter length splitter blades/ ... Both are shown in the adjacent photograph of an engine with 5 stages of axial compressors and one stage of a centrifugal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrifugal_compressor

It can also be measured by dividing the measured length of two locations in the photo by the length of those locations in ... It is an asymmetrical fold which means the axial plane is not in the upright orientation but inclined. Axial plane is a ... between the pair of eyepieces which is a lens used in the stereoscope for observation fits the distance between our eyes. Put ... The length between two points is unable to be calculated and is not accurate because this oblique image does not have a scale. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerial_photograph_interpretation_(geology)

The head has two conical, depressed tentacles which bear the eyes on a lobe or prominence at their base. The mouth contains a ... True whelks can even attack fish caught in a net by extending their probosces to twice the length of their own bodies. The ... The shell surface is generally smooth, sometimes with a spiral and/ or axial sculpture. The thickness of the shell is more ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buccinidae

Srinivasan, Doris (1997). Many Heads, Arms, and Eyes: Origin, Meaning, and Form of Multiplicity in Indian Art. BRILL. p. 215. ... 2000), Global History of Philosophy: The Axial Age, Volume 1, Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 978-81-208-0158-5, p. 63, Quote: "The ... in his book length critique of the text titled The Truth About the Gita, criticizes the ethical teachings of the Gita. He ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhagavad_Gita

Eye-level camera angle F-number - F-stop - Fade-in - Fade-out - Fast cutting - Fast motion - Feature length - Field of view - ... Axial cut B roll - Baby plates - Backlot - Background lighting - Balloon light - Barn doors (lighting) - Below the line (film ... Focal length - Focus (optics) - Focus puller - Foley artist - Follow focus - Follow shot - Followspot light - Forced ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_articles_related_to_motion_pictures

The mandrel rotates around the spindle (Axis 1 or X: Spindle) while a delivery eye on a carriage (Axis 2 or Y: Horizontal) ... The process of Filament Winding; Uses a continuous length of fiber strand / roving (Called Direct Single end Roving), or tape ... axial tensile strength. Products currently being produced using this technique range from pipes, golf club shafts, reverse ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filament_winding

Objects of magnitude 6.5 are among the faintest visible to the unaided eye in suburban-rural transition night skies. Or more ... length) across the night sky. The four stars constituting the bowl of the Little Dipper are of second, third, fourth, and fifth ... The position of the north celestial pole moves in accordance with the Earth's axial precession such that in 12,000 years' time ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ursa_Minor

"Enemy soldiers will get their faces and eyes burnt, and the smoke will attack their noses, mouths, and eyes." Field mill: In ... Hand cannon: The bronze Yuan Dynasty gun from Heilongjiang which dates to about 1288 is a little over 0.3 m (1 ft) in length ... stern-mounted and vertical axial: Lawrence V. Mott, who defines a steering oar as a rudder, states the ancient Egyptian use of ... When it bursts it breaks into pieces which wound the skin and break the bones (of enemy soldiers) and blinds their eyes Needham ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Chinese_inventions

There are no ridges that connect the eye to the glabella. The medium-sized eyes (over ⅓× the length of the glabella) are ... with 3 or 4 axial rings; 3 sets of interpleural grooves and pleural furrows ending at distance of the margin. There is no ... From the back of the eyes the sutures follow a lazy S-curve, diverging first more outward and near the margin more backward, ... that in moulting separate the librigenae from the fixigenae are divergent just in front of the eyes, becoming parallel near the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tricrepicephalus

The ratio between the length of the supratemporal fenestra and the total length of the skull has previously been used as an ... based on the proportions of the axial skeleton and the other soft tissues. The upper fin lobe is unsupported by the skeleton ... cornea and support the sclera in the region of Brucke's muscle responsible for affecting accommodation in the lacertilian eye. ... in length. In 2022, Gregory S. Paul proposed that P. overtoni reached 8 metres (26 ft) in length and 1 metric ton (1.1 short ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prognathodon

... fine details of eye structure) as well as the exoskeleton. Trilobites range in length from minute (less than 3 millimetres ( ... Each segment consists of the central axial ring and the outer pleurae, which protected the limbs and gills. The pleurae are ... Holochroal eyes are the ancestral eye of trilobites, and are by far the most common, found in all orders except the Agnostida, ... Trilobite eyes were typically compound, with each lens being an elongated prism. The number of lenses in such an eye varied: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trilobite

Polito instituted the Pegasus Award for Criticism, honoring the best book-length poetry criticism published during the previous ... "axial to the Writing & Democracy Program, for both everyday practice and overall design. ... as a result of the omnipresence of ... Looking at Andy Warhol through Andrew Marvell's eyes, and vice versa, The Poetry Foundation, April 3, 2006 Susan Wheeler by ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Polito

Machine learning-estimated axial length is better than spherical equivalent for identifying higher-risk myopic eyes ... Machine learning-estimated axial length is better than spherical equivalent for identifying higher-risk myopic eyes ... Machine learning-estimated axial length is better than spherical equivalent for identifying higher-risk myopic eyes. Invest. ... Figure 1: ROC curves of (a) estimated axial length [AL] and (b) AL change for AL estimator vs spherical equivalent AUC: area ...

https://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2783066&resultClick=1

Measurement of axial length of eyes with incomplete filling of silicone oil in the vitreous cavity using x ray computed ... Measurement of axial length of eyes with incomplete filling of silicone oil in the vitreous cavity using x ray computed ... Measurement of axial length of eyes with incomplete filling of silicone oil in the vitreous cavity using x ray computed ...

https://bjo.bmj.com/content/86/1/47.share

Do you experience dry eyes?. Speak to us about our successful IPL treatment! ...

https://www.totalfocusnorthgate.com/tag/mm_faq/

The predominant age ranges were 60 - 69 and 70 - 79 years, each 29 eyes (29%). The axial length in senile cataract eyes was ... The authors measured the axial length in 100 senile cataract eyes of patients of the Department of Ophthalmology, Siriraj ... Mekanandha P, Tansuphasiri P. Axial length in senile cataract eyes. Siriraj Medical Journal, 1987 Jul; 39(7): 403-405. ... There were 44 males, (44%) and 56 females, (56%0. 54 right eyes, (54%) and 46 left eyes, (46%0; Age range was 40 - 86 years, ...

https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/138384

Our vision is that everyone has access to and receives high quality eye care for the prevention and treatment of eye disease in ... Axial length as a basic anatomical predictor for morphological and clinical characteristics in acute central serous ... chorioretinopathy - (Eye Journal). 22 January 2020. This news item is available to RCOphth members only, please log in below to ... scholarships that provide ophthalmologists of all grades with information and support to continue delivering high quality eye ...

https://curriculum.rcophth.ac.uk/2020/01/axial-length-as-a-basic-anatomical-predictor-for-morphological-and-clinical-characteristics-in-acute-central-serous-chorioretinopathy-eye-journal/

SO in more positions and the absolute velocity gradient of the retro-oil fluid in contact with the retinal wall caused by eye ... The mean patient age was 74.9 years (range, 62-85 years). The mean axial length was 26.79 mm (range, 23.53-33.14 years). The ... Vertical saccadic eye movement. Video 2 shows the vertical saccadic eye movements of the 3-D vitreous cavity of case 1 filled ... Horizontal saccadic eye movement. Video 1 shows the horizontal saccadic eye movements of the 3-D vitreous cavity of case 1 ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-05886-5?error=cookies_not_supported&code=a299f5ac-7b92-466a-9e7f-71458cd759c2

Measuring axial length of the eye from magnetic resonance brain imaging. 03 Feb 22. Featured Paper. Aortic valve imaging using ... Eye‐tracking for longitudinal assessment of social cognition in children born preterm. ...

https://www.ed.ac.uk/clinical-sciences/edinburgh-imaging/about/knowledge-exchange/research-outputs/publications

Eyes with more myopic refractive error tended to have greater axial length (r =-0.645, p , 0.001). Eyes with axial elongation ... CCT was not associated with refractive error, corneal curvature, anterior chamber depth and axial length. CCT is an independent ... anterior chamber depth\r, axial length\r, central corneal thickness\r, corneal curvature\r, refractive error. ... Relationship Between Central Corneal Thickness, Refractive Error, Corneal Curvature, Anterior Chamber Depth and Axial Length. ...

https://journals.lww.com/jcma/Abstract/2009/03000/Relationship_Between_Central_Corneal_Thickness,.4.aspx

Comparison of the DNEye® Scanner 2 and the IOLMaster 700 for axial length measurement in children: $125,998 ... Effect of Optimel Manuka+ Dry Eye Drops with adjunctive treatment on signs and symptoms of dry eye ... Comparison of the DNEye Scanner 2 and the IOLMaster 700 for axial length measurement in children ... Effect of Optimel Manuka+ Dry Eye Drops with adjunctive treatment on signs and symptoms of dry eye ...

https://www.unsw.edu.au/staff/jackie-tan-showyin

Axial length greater than 28 mm in the eye that is to be implanted ... Axial myopia of greater than -8 diopters in the eye that is to be implanted ... The BCVA of the eye that is NOT to receive the implant will be better or equal to the eye that will receive the implant ... Ocular lens removal within the previous 6 weeks in either eye. *Any other ocular surgery in the study eye in the previous 3 ...

https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02590692

Axial length , 20 or , 26 mm. *Cataract which is traumatic, subluxated, or Morgagnian ... Eye drops given following cataract surgery for prevention of post-operative inflammation carry many disadvantages, such as cost ... History of endophthalmitis or macular edema in the fellow eye. *Personal history of diabetes mellitus or uncontrolled ... Eye Diseases. Prednisolone. Methylprednisolone Acetate. Methylprednisolone. Methylprednisolone Hemisuccinate. Prednisolone ...

https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05248139

Eye Axial Length 22% * Reading performance, using a novel app, and quality of life in patients with inflammatory eye disease. ... Is the fovea the apposite location for investigating the effect of accommodation on posterior eye conformation?. Randhawa, P., ...

https://research.aston.ac.uk/en/organisations/ophthalmic-research-group/publications/?type=%2Fdk%2Fatira%2Fpure%2Fresearchoutput%2Fresearchoutputtypes%2Fcontributiontoconference%2Fabstract&ordering=publicationYearThenTitle&descending=false

... or modification of the SCLERA to change the axial length of the eye. AN - general; prefer specific procedures HN - 2008 BX - ... the eye in front of the natural EYE LENS, by the IRIS, to improve VISION. These intraocular lenses are used to supplement the ... length of the uterine neck (CERVIX UTERI). Cervical length or its shortening is used to identify and prevent early cervical ... often involving the eye, such as the Walker-Warburg Syndrome, Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy, and muscle-eye-brain ...

https://decs.bvs.br/I/dcsnew2008.txt

Careful assessment in each eye of IOP, corneal diameter, cycloplegic refraction, axial length, and optic nerve cupping, as well ... Comparison of the red reflex in the eye being examined with that in the normal opposite eye can be helpful in confirming the ... T1-weighted, axial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans demonstrate left cerebral hemiatrophy associated with leptomeningeal ... T1-weighted, axial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans demonstrate left cerebral hemiatrophy associated with leptomeningeal ...

https://www.medscape.com/answers/1177523-169405/what-is-the-role-of-xenon-inhalation-in-the-workup-of-sturge-weber-syndrome-sws

11 eyes) versus nonscleral fixation group (21 eyes), the postoperative horizontal deviation, the postoperative vertical ... and follow-up longer than 6 months at Hong Kong Eye Hospital from 2006 to 2013. Surgical techniques and outcomes in terms of ... i,Methods,/i,. Retrospective review of 32 eyes of 22 patients with myopic strabismus fixus who had undergone union suture of ... Best Snellen corrected visual acuity of the operated eyes ranged from light perception to 0.4 (median = 0.1). Axial length of ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2015/470473/

The bottom panel shows a cross-section of the same schematic eye with additional examples of short and long axial lengths. ... for macular structure-function analysis, customizable by axial length (AL). Methods: The effect of axial length on the shape of ... The systematic change with axial length was small (Fig. 4A). The displacement is constant for all axial lengths when measured ... The relationship between the length of the ellipse axes and the axial length was explored through linear regression. The ...

https://tvst.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2770797

... error in foveal avascular zone area measurements of optical coherence tomography angiography images with estimated axial length ... Dutt, D. D. C. S., Yazar, S., Charng, J., Mackey, D. A., Chen, F. K. & Sampson, D. M., Dec 2022, In: Eye and Vision. 9, 1, 29. ... Increased susceptibility to injury in older eyes. Charng, J., Nguyen, CTO., Vingrys, A. J., Jobling, AI. & Bui, B. V., Mar 2013 ... Association between dietary niacin and retinal nerve fibre layer thickness in healthy eyes of different ages. Charng, J., ...

https://research-repository.uwa.edu.au/en/persons/jason-charng/publications/?type=%2Fdk%2Fatira%2Fpure%2Fresearchoutput%2Fresearchoutputtypes%2Fcontributiontojournal%2Farticle

Axial Length in Keratoconus: Does it matter?. In: International Optometry and Vision Science Conference (e-IOVIC) 2021 ... Cellular Morphological Changes at The Ocular Surface in Cataract Patients with Dry Eye Disease and its Relationship to Dry Eye ... Cellular Morphological Changes at The Ocular Surface in Cataract Patients with Dry Eye Disease and its Relationship to Dry Eye ... The technique of impression cytology in dry eye disease: A review. In: International Optometry and Vision Science Conference (e ...

https://www.iium.edu.my/researchers-staff/show/4891

A fit 58-year-old woman reports back pain as well as morning stiffness and dry eyes. Ibuprofen and exercising have helped with ... The radiographic changes of axial SpA are predominantly seen in the axial skeleton (sacroiliac, apophyseal, discovertebral, and ... Semicoronal views are included to visualize the sacroiliac joints along their full length. Pelvis MRI identifies 95% of ... Axial spondyloarthritis has no cure. Treatment focuses on control of inflammatory symptoms and participation in an exercise ...

https://reference.medscape.com/viewarticle/983148_5

Prevalence of PVD increases with age and with axial length of the eye. PVD affects most eyes by the eighth decade of life. Age ... PVD occurs earlier in myopic eyes, in eyes with inflammatory disease and following blunt trauma or cataract surgery (especially ... They move with vitreous displacement during eye movement and scatter incident light, which casts a shadow on the retina that is ... EyeSmart® Eye health. https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/posterior-vitreous-detachment-11. Accessed March 22, 2019. ...

https://eyewiki.aao.org/Posterior_Vitreous_Detachment

In particular, the SLITRK6 protein influences the length of the eyeball (axial length), which affects whether a person will be ... The protein produced from this gene is found primarily in the inner ear and the eye. This protein promotes growth and survival ... It also controls (regulates) the growth of the eye after birth. ...

https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/deafness-and-myopia-syndrome

The average axial length (AL) of the eye undergoing the IOL exchange was 24.0 mm, average AL in the non-operative eye was 22.1 ... The average axial length (AL) of the eye undergoing the IOL exchange was 24.0 mm, average AL in the non-operative eye was 22.1 ... The average axial length (AL) of the eye undergoing the IOL exchange was 24.0 mm, average AL in the non-operative eye was 22.1 ... The average axial length (AL) of the eye undergoing the IOL exchange was 24.0 mm, average AL in the non-operative eye was 22.1 ...

https://jhu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/intraocular-lens-exchange-for-high-myopia-in-pseudophakic-childre-2

... the process controlling eye growth and the axial length of the eye to prevent myopia and maximize visual acuity) and myopia ... Myopia is a disease that usually occurs due to the increase in the axial length of eyeballs and leads to the blurred vision of ... To promote childrens eye health, Seoul Semiconductor is carrying out Our Childrens Eye Health campaign with a partner ... "With increasing visual media, parents are getting more interested in the eye health of their children, and they are spending a ...

https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20220828005050/en/CORRECTING-and-REPLACING%C2%A0SunLike-Lighting-With-Proven-Effectiveness-of-Myopia-Improvement-to-Light-up-a-Major-English-Speaking-Kindergarten-in-Korea

One eye had phthisis bulbi without a visible vitreous cavity. All of the 34 eyes had short echo-times on axial length ... 4 eyes, 10%), posterior embryotoxon (2 eyes, 5%), and normal anterior segment (3 eyes, 7.5%). The lens was visible in 27 eyes, ... 1Khatam Anbia Eye Hospital, Eye Research Center of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Islamic Republic of Iran ( ... The fundus was visible in 4 eyes. There was total retinal elevation in 3 eyes accompanied by optic atrophy in 2. One sector of ...

http://www.emro.who.int/emhj-volume-18-2012/issue-1/article-3.html

... as is increasing support for measuring axial length. Does the cornea change in myopia too? ... In measuring the myopic eye, refraction is crucial, ... The average axial length of an emmetropic eye is 16.5 mm at ... an axial length of 26mm or more was associated with a one-in-three chance of vision impairment by age 75; axial length of 30mm ... of the variation in axial length - when both were considered in a model of risk, axial length maintained the significant ...

https://www.myopiaprofile.com/measuring-the-eye-in-myopia/

Receiver operator characteristic analysis was used to assess the ability of the AL estimator to identify children with a high AL (≥26mm) and fast progressors (≥0.3mm axial elongation in 12 months), compared to spherical equivalent (SE). (arvojournals.org)
No adverse events were seen in the operative eyes.ConclusionYounger age at the time of CE creates a greater likelihood of AL elongation and predisposes a child to myopic shift. (elsevier.com)
Axial elongation refers to the length of the eye. (newyorkmyopiacontrol.com)

To determine the relationship between central corneal thickness (CCT), refractive error , corneal curvature, anterior chamber depth and axial length in normal Taiwanese Chinese adults. (lww.com)
Measurement procedures included CCT, refractive error , corneal curvature, anterior chamber depth and axial length. (lww.com)
There were no significant correlations between the CCT and refractive error ( r =-0.034, p = 0.445), corneal curvature ( r = 0.013, p = 0.770), anterior chamber depth ( r = 0.023, p = 0.614) and axial length ( r =-0.053, p = 0.223). (lww.com)
CCT was not associated with refractive error , corneal curvature, anterior chamber depth and axial length. (lww.com)
As a repeated measure, axial length increases by around 0.1mm per year in emmetropic children according to the large scale Collaborative Longitudinal Evaluation of Ethnicity and Refractive Error (CLEERE) study where children aged 6 to 14 years at baseline were followed for up to 10 years. (myopiaprofile.com)
In this double-blind randomized controlled clinical, 79 children have been wearing DIMS lens while 81 children have been wearing ordinary single vision lenses, the changes in refractive error and axial length over 2 years have been recorded. (hoyavision.com)

To assess the performance of a machine learning-based algorithm in estimating axial length (AL) based on refraction and demographic data. (arvojournals.org)
Is axial length more important than refraction? (myopiaprofile.com)
The same analysis found that while there was a strong correlation between axial length and spherical equivalent - refraction explained about 70% of the variation in axial length - when both were considered in a model of risk, axial length maintained the significant association with visual impairment while spherical equivalent did not. (myopiaprofile.com)
Refraction was +2.5D (diopter)/−0.5D × 20 in the right eye and +6.5D/−1.25D X 0 in the left eye. (biomedcentral.com)
Stage II contains eyes with corneal power between 48.01 and 53 D, stage III encompasses all eyes greater than 53 D, and stage IV describes eyes with central scarring and unmeasurable refraction. (medscape.com)

These patients will have significant central vision loss with best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of the eye to be implanted of BCVA of 20/200 or worse. (clinicaltrials.gov)
In July 2018, the company started a collaboration with the Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI), a world-renowned ophthalmic research institute, to test the effect of SunLike on ocular emmetropization (i.e., the process controlling eye growth and the axial length of the eye to prevent myopia and maximize visual acuity) and myopia development. (businesswire.com)
Gender (p=0.774), age (p=0.822), type of glaucoma (p=0.168), preoperative correct distance visual acuity (p=0.139), axial length (p=0.765), anterior chamber depth (p=0.351), keratometry (p=0.577) and intraocular lens power (p=0.608) were similar between groups. (dovepress.com)
Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 6/6 in the right and 6/12 in left eye. (biomedcentral.com)

In this paper, 26mm or greater axial length delineated significant increase in vision impairment risk, and 26mm was equivalent to around 5D of myopia. (myopiaprofile.com)

We frequently start with genes known to be important in the eye because of their association with ocular disease phenotypes, and then investigate molecular mechanisms by uncovering pathways and processes relevant to normal eye function and pathogenesis. (stanford.edu)
To determine whether photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy can retard ocular axial length (AL) in children with myopia . (bvsalud.org)
Association of Genes implicated in primary angle-closure Glaucoma and the ocular biometric parameters of anterior chamber depth and axial length in a northern Chinese population. (cdc.gov)

Furthermore, the actual shape of the human vitreous cavity is not perfectly spherical, especially in myopic eyes 3 . (nature.com)
As scleral fixation on pathological myopic eyes could impose potential risk of scleral perforation, our study aims to report the surgical techniques and evaluates and compares the results of patients with myopic strabismus fixus patients who had undergone union suture of SR and LR with or without scleral fixation. (hindawi.com)
PVD occurs earlier in myopic eyes, in eyes with inflammatory disease and following blunt trauma or cataract surgery (especially when there is surgical vitreous loss). (aao.org)
however, common glaucoma measures, such as retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, are affected by axial length, making diagnosis challenging in myopic eyes. (reviewofoptometry.com)
Retinal ganglion cells count demonstrated 83% sensitivity in myopic eyes and more than 91% specificity in all groups. (reviewofoptometry.com)

Aim: To assess the detection rate of retinal neovascularisation (NV) in eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) using widefield optical coherence tomography angiography (WF-OCTA) in comparison to ultrawidefield fluorescein angiography (UWF-FA). (octnews.org)

Congenital Zika syndrome is a recently recognized pattern of congenital anomalies associated with Zika virus infection during pregnancy that includes microcephaly, intracranial calcifications or other brain anomalies, or eye anomalies, among others ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)

In all seven vitreous cavity models tested, the inferior quadrant of the retina was completely covered by SO in more positions and the absolute velocity gradient of the retro-oil fluid in contact with the retinal wall caused by eye and head movements was lower when the vitreous cavity was filled with 95% SO and 5% retro-oil fluid versus 80% SO and 20% retro-oil fluid. (nature.com)
It features both automatic and manual capture in five different exam modes, as well as auto-calculation of axial length, anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, and vitreous. (emseye.com)

IMSEAR at SEARO: Axial length in senile cataract eyes. (who.int)
The authors measured the axial length in 100 senile cataract eyes of patients of the Department of Ophthalmology, Siriraj Hospital. (who.int)
The axial length in senile cataract eyes was measured as follow: Total 100 eyes = 23.01 + 0.95 mm. (who.int)
Eye drops given following cataract surgery for prevention of post-operative inflammation carry many disadvantages, such as cost and poor medication adherence. (clinicaltrials.gov)
A captive-born 34-year-old multiparous female western lowland gorilla ( Gorilla gorilla gorilla ) was diagnosed with retinal detachment and mature cataract development of the right eye in September 1997, presumably caused by previous trauma and secondary intraocular inflammation. (vin.com)
The left eye had no visible pathology until September 2003 when a central cataract was noted to be developing, and her vision appeared to be getting worse. (vin.com)
Methods: Measurements taken with the IOLMaster 700 (Carl Zeiss, Meditec AG, Jena, Germany) swept-source biometry of 501 right eyes of 501 consecutive patients undergoing cataract extraction surgery between January 2019 and March 2020 were reviewed. (helsinki.fi)

Pertinent findings in phase 2 include lens clarity, higher-order aberrations arising from the corneal surface and internal optics, macular health, peripheral retinal health, and axial length. (crstoday.com)

Axial length (AXL) has been well established as the critical measurement in examining the progression and control of myopia in a research setting. (myopiaprofile.com)
Biometric measurements of the fundus revealed a severely myopic left eye with an axial length measurement of 30 mm. (vin.com)
The eye measurement is from the front (cornea) to the back (retina) of the eye. (newyorkmyopiacontrol.com)

37mm eye to eye length internal spring scale shocks for Axial's SCX24. (yeahracing.com)

2 The low-to-moderate myope, though, cannot be presumed to have an axial length below 26mm, as variation exists due to cornea and crystalline lens power in the individual. (myopiaprofile.com)
2 For example, an annual retinal examination through dilated pupils may not be as necessary for a 4D myope with a 24.5mm axial length as it is for a 4D myope with a 26mm axial length. (myopiaprofile.com)

The radiographic changes of axial SpA are predominantly seen in the axial skeleton (sacroiliac, apophyseal, discovertebral, and costovertebral) as well as at sites of enthesopathy ("whiskering" of the iliac crest, greater tuberosities of the humerus, ischial tuberosities, femoral trochanters, calcaneus, and vertebral spinous processes). (medscape.com)
First, let's look at the components of the axial skeleton. (coursera.org)
The axial skeleton is the part of the skeleton that includes the head and the trunk. (coursera.org)
The axial skeleton also includes the pelvis, which is made of a pair of flat bones and, like our pelvis, it seats the hip. (coursera.org)

PURPOSE: To compare lens thickness (LT), lens position (LP), relative lens position (RLP), and degree and type of lens opacity between affected and fellow eyes of subjects with acute primary angle closure (APAC) to identify any differences in lens characteristics that may be contributory to the acute episode. (nus.edu.sg)
They found that ganglion cell complex thickness was weakest and less significantly correlated with axial length in all groups. (reviewofoptometry.com)

The likely future of judging the success of a myopia control strategy based on axial length will fall to percentile growth charts. (myopiaprofile.com)
In order to introduce the myopic defocus theory and DIMS lens design to local eyes care professionals (ECPs) & key opinion leaders (KOLs), Hoya Lens HK Ltd. and Global Marketing Hoya Vision Care organized a "Symposium of Defocus Theory and Clinical Results in Myopia Control" at Hong Kong Hyatt Regency Hotel on 25th April 2018. (hoyavision.com)
Eye Q Optometrist specializes in pediatric myopia control and management. (newyorkmyopiacontrol.com)

Her research focuses on dry eye, amongst the general population and in contact lens wearers, and contact lens design and performance. (edu.au)
Her research has contributed to the development and subsequent approval of several new dry eye therapies and contacts lens designs over the course of her career. (edu.au)
She also supervises PhD students and Masters of Optometry research projects, is a Fellow of the British Contact Lens Association, and a member of the Editorial Board for the journal Eye and Contact Lens. (edu.au)
PurposeThe purpose of this study was to examine the preoperative factors and postoperative outcomes following intraocular lens (IOL) exchange for high myopia in pseudophakic children.MethodsThe medical records of all patients undergoing IOL exchange for high myopia were retrospectively reviewed.ResultsA total of 15 eyes were identified that had undergone an IOL exchange for myopic shift. (elsevier.com)
During the discussion session, the local eye care professionals & KOLs actively participated in the discussion about the myopic defocus theory, outcomes from clinical research and lens design. (hoyavision.com)
The effective lens position is more difficult to predict in keratoconic eyes. (medscape.com)
Clear lens extraction (CLE), also called refractive lens exchange (RLE), is the removal of a noncataractous natural lens of the eye with or without intraocular lens placement as a refractive procedure. (medscape.com)
Myopia is due to an axial length longer than the focal point of the refracting system of the eye or an overly powerful refracting system, a thick cornea, or a thick lens, or a combination of any or all of the above. (medscape.com)

The average axial length of an emmetropic eye is 16.5 mm at birth 3 and increases to around 23.5 mm in adulthood. (myopiaprofile.com)

They noted that retinal ganglion cell count can be used as a complementary test in glaucoma diagnosis for myopic preperimetric eyes due to its good sensitivity and specificity. (reviewofoptometry.com)

Retrospective review of 32 eyes of 22 patients with myopic strabismus fixus who had undergone union suture of superior rectus (SR) and lateral rectus (LR) with or without scleral fixation, and follow-up longer than 6 months at Hong Kong Eye Hospital from 2006 to 2013. (hindawi.com)
Myopic strabismus fixus, also known as acquired progressive esotropia associated with severe myopia (APEASM), or heavy eye syndrome, is an adult onset esotropia associated with high axial myopia, typically described as progressive esotropia and hypotropia associated with restricted elevation and abduction of variable degree and severity. (hindawi.com)

The effect of axial length on the shape of the inner retina was measured on 235 optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans from healthy eyes, to provide evidence for geometric scaling of structures with eye size. (arvojournals.org)
Fundic exam revealed a significantly detached retina of the left eye, involving the macula region, which is important for fine detail vision. (vin.com)
6.00D and 35 eyes with NHM with SE £-6.00D. Vascular densities of the macula (overall macula, fovea, parafovea, superior hemi and inferior hemi) were measured in each of the superficial, deep and choriocapillaris layers of the retina. (researchsquare.com)
They found out that the axial length of the eye ball is affected by the position of a projected image on the retina. (hoyavision.com)
When the position of a projected image continuously locates in the front of the retina, the axial length tends to become shorter and vice versa. (hoyavision.com)

CONCLUSIONS: Compared with fellow eyes, APAC-affected eyes have shallower ACD, more anterior LP, and less cortical opacity. (nus.edu.sg)

Purpose: To study the circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) birefringence (BIR) of early glaucoma and age-matched healthy eyes using polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT). Methods: In this prospective cross-sectional study, we compared virtual circular PS-OCT B-scans with a diameter of 3.5 mm centered on the optic disc (OD) acquired with a PS-OCT prototype (860 nm center wavelength). (octnews.org)

4 Put simply, longer eyes are at greater lifelong risk of myopia associated pathologies and resultant vision impairment. (myopiaprofile.com)
32.9% in the eyes with an axial length between 29.5 mm to 30.4 mm will have eye pathologies(1). (newyorkmyopiacontrol.com)

As an absolute measure, the Singapore Cohort Study of the Risk Factors for Myopia (SCORM) found that myopia onset related closely to axial length across different ages of onset, being 24.08±0.67mm in boys and 23.69±0.69mm in girls. (myopiaprofile.com)
By comparison, children who became myopic showed axial growth of more than 0.3mm in the year just prior to myopia onset, and then around 0.2 to 0.3mm absolute change in the years thereafter. (myopiaprofile.com)

As soon as Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS) is first suspected or documented, a complete ophthalmologic evaluation is essential to rule out glaucoma, since the infant's eye is damaged quickly by increased intraocular pressure (IOP). (medscape.com)

METHODS: Seventy-three study subjects with unilateral APAC were treated with sequential laser iridotomy (LI) in both eyes. (nus.edu.sg)

Prevalence of PVD increases with age and with axial length of the eye. (aao.org)

Implanted and fellow eyes will be compared post-implantation to assess the ability of the implant to prevent disease progression. (clinicaltrials.gov)
The potential for better vision, as well as the 12% chance that the fellow eye will develop another macular hole, has prompted ophthalmologists to seek for a viable treatment of this condition. (medscape.com)
The axial length in patients with unilateral congenital ptosis was prospectively examined in this study and lengths compared to fellow eyes. (uk.com)

Pelvis MRI identifies 95% of patients with axial SpA/ankylosing spondylitis. (medscape.com)

It is proved in the animal models that myopic defocus can retard eye growth thus to control myopia progression effectively. (hoyavision.com)

Helpful information to educate and inform patients and members of the public dealing with disease, conditions, treatment and health of the eye. (rcophth.ac.uk)
In this second cohort patients will have significant central vision loss with BCVA of the eye to be implanted of 20/80 or worse, but better than or equal to 20/400 with comparably less damage to the RPE/photoreceptor complex than Cohort 1. (clinicaltrials.gov)
For most patients with axial spondyloarthropathy, an NSAID is used as initial therapy rather than a biologic agent. (medscape.com)
reported a series of 33 eyes of 26 patients underwent muscle belly union without scleral fixation [ 13 ]. (hindawi.com)
reported a series of 26 eyes of 15 patients with silicone band loop myopexy of LR and SR with the use of a scleral tunnel [ 14 ]. (hindawi.com)
The authors reported that plotting this "visualisation of the reduction in axial length percentile [was] an enormous stimulus for patients to adhere to treatment. (myopiaprofile.com)
The study included 49 eyes of 36 patients, 23 eyes in group PC and 26 eyes in group AC. (dovepress.com)
Seventy-one eyes of 56 patients were reviewed. (uk.com)
This was a retrospective study of 38 eyes (25 patients) with six months follow-up. (uk.com)
Axial length may be normal or patients may also have axial myopia. (medscape.com)

Ghasempour M, Khorrami-Nejad M, Safvati A, Masoomian B. Interocular Axial Length Difference and Treatment Outcomes of Anisometropic Amblyopia. (knepublishing.com)
To evaluate the effect of interocular axial length (AL) difference on outcomes of treatment for anisometropic amblyopia in comparison with normal participants. (knepublishing.com)
However, keratoconic eyes are notorious for unpredictable outcomes because of difficulty in obtaining proper preoperative biometry and lack of data and consensus on IOL calculation formulas that can reliable in providing the desired outcome. (medscape.com)

To promote children's eye health, Seoul Semiconductor is carrying out 'Our Children's Eye Health' campaign with a partner company. (businesswire.com)
in daily life, parents need to pay more attention to their children's eye health. (myopiacurenatural.com)

A prospective, randomized, and controlled series by the Vitrectomy for Treatment of Macular Hole Study Group for stage 2, 3, and 4 holes showed that vision was improved in surgically treated eyes compared with observed eyes. (medscape.com)
Regular follow-up revealed congenital toxoplasmosis in both eyes, which was surgically treated, while neurofunctional assessment results were unremarkable. (biomedcentral.com)

The cross-sectional observational study included 154 eyes (36 controls, 64 perimetric and 54 primary open-angle glaucoma eyes). (reviewofoptometry.com)
Rolle T, Bonetti B, Mazzuco A and Dallorto L. Diagnostic ability of OCT parameters and retinal ganglion cells count in identification of glaucoma in myopic preperimetric eyes. (reviewofoptometry.com)
Molecular analysis of CHX10 and MFRP in Chinese subjects with primary angle closure glaucoma and short axial length eyes. (cdc.gov)

Our vision is that everyone has access to and receives high quality eye care for the prevention and treatment of eye disease in order to optimise, preserve and restore vision. (rcophth.ac.uk)

VFD in the superficial and deep retinal layers of the macula are significantly increased in the NHM compared to HM eyes. (researchsquare.com)

In particular, the SLITRK6 protein influences the length of the eyeball (axial length), which affects whether a person will be nearsighted or farsighted, or will have normal vision. (medlineplus.gov)
PVD affects most eyes by the eighth decade of life. (aao.org)

Thus, physicians should be aware of possible thermal complications when using fragmatome in eyes filled with silicone oil. (bvsalud.org)

This review will concisely describe the history of the modality, the current proposed mechanisms of action of NIR light at the molecular, cellular, and nervous tissue levels, the clinical indications and applications of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT), the results of clinical studies, and the potential other benefits of PBMT in eye diseases. (medsci.org)
Photobiomodulation therapy retarded axial length growth in children with myopia: evidence from a 12-month randomized controlled trial evidence. (bvsalud.org)

It is characterized by a small eye within a small orbit . (radiopaedia.org)

Abstract: amblyopia in children is an eye disease that occurs in many children. (myopiacurenatural.com)

Seventy eyes with myopia were recruited from December 2014 to December 2020 in the Department of Ophthalmology in Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. (researchsquare.com)
Any patient attending the Ufa Eye Research Institute and Hospital and fulfilling the inclusion criteria could be included in the study. (who.int)
Utilization by patient and hospital the average length of stay was 6.0 days. (cdc.gov)

10. Tommila V, Tarkkanen A. Incidence of loss of vision in the healthy eye in amblyopia. (knepublishing.com)
The authors assessed reoperation rates, amblyopia, risk of lag, dry eye and other complications. (uk.com)
In addition, even if their children's eyes look "normal", they cannot completely rule out the possibility of amblyopia. (myopiacurenatural.com)
Therefore, parents should take their children for eye examination regularly in order to find out whether their children are amblyopia at an early stage. (myopiacurenatural.com)

The term dilacerations refers to an abrupt change in the axial inclination or curve in the crown or root of a tooth. (bvsalud.org)
It was first used by Tomes in 1848 1 and refers to an angulation that may occur anywhere along the length of the tooth, that is, its crown, amelocemental junction, along the root, or by only involving the apex of the root 1-2 . (bvsalud.org)

The distance between the anterior and posterior poles of the eye, measured either by ULTRASONOGRAPHY or by partial coherence interferometry. (bvsalud.org)

Eye (Basingstoke) , 30 (9), 1199-1203. (elsevier.com)

Antisaccade task: After checking eye movements and visual fields, ask the patient to move his or her eyes contralateral to the stimulus (usually a wiggling finger). (medscape.com)

They are offered in both ASAE standard models and a wide variety of custom stroke lengths. (sealandcylinder.com)

In a randomized, double-blind study, 652 eyes with vitreomacular adhesion were treated with an intravitreal injection of ocriplasmin. (medscape.com)

Some eyes, as in those with extreme axial myopia, may be at risk for true pathology following surgical intervention. (medscape.com)

Self-centering with excellent concentricity the little outer diameter is room-preserving and ideal for small wheel diameters the spacer ring between the outer flange and the hub maintains the fitting placement in the axial direction to empower exact positioning CZPT a shaft collar the press-off threads in the outer flanges are employed for dismantling. (industrialchain.top)

Myopia is a disease that usually occurs due to the increase in the axial length of eyeballs and leads to the blurred vision of distant objects. (businesswire.com)
Work in the Vollrath laboratory is focused on understanding processes in the eye that are relevant to human health and disease. (stanford.edu)
The eye is an organ particularly amenable to genetic analysis because its accessibility facilitates detection and characterization of a variety of disease states, yet such diseases rarely impair life span or fertility. (stanford.edu)
The interest in finding new treatments for children is a result of ongoing studies showing a link between higher levels of nearsightedness and eye disease. (newyorkmyopiacontrol.com)

The average axial length (AL) of the eye undergoing the IOL exchange was 24.0 mm, average AL in the non-operative eye was 22.1 mm. (elsevier.com)
On average, the operative eyes grew 4.4 mm and the non-operative eyes 3.02 mm. (elsevier.com)
The 95% prediction interval for differences in study group means (n = 160 groups, n = 5 to 11 eyes per group) based on averaged minus first measurements was -1.0 to 0.9 mm Hg with associated SDs reduced by 4% on average. (avma.org)

Abnormal lengthening of the eye is a concern. (newyorkmyopiacontrol.com)

It also controls (regulates) the growth of the eye after birth. (medlineplus.gov)
Varying by age, gender and ethnicity, growth charts for axial length have already been published for Dutch children 8 and Chinese children. (myopiaprofile.com)
9 Authors of the Dutch percentile growth charts emphasised that axial lengths which are on the 75th percentile or higher are at risk of high myopia, and hence greater risk of vision impairment. (myopiaprofile.com)
On follow up every six months, the axial length was measured and plotted on the growth charts, with a reduced percentile result for an individual indicating successful treatment. (myopiaprofile.com)
Younger children, who are in the critical stages of eye growth and development may be more vulnerable to such environmental influences. (newyorkmyopiacontrol.com)

Dr Jackie Tan-Showyin is Director of the Eye Research Group at the School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, leading a passionate team conducting industry sponsored clinical trial research and investigator-initiated trials. (edu.au)
Eye and Vision. (edu.au)
axial length of 30mm or more was associated with a 90% frequency of vision impairment. (myopiaprofile.com)
The gorilla had exhibited behaviors indicating impaired vision for several years including holding food items close to her "good" eye for inspection before eating, and bending over to place her face close to the ground to forage for food. (vin.com)
Following a complete physical and ophthalmic exam, surgical intervention to restore vision to her left eye was performed in October 2004. (vin.com)
A 47-year-old Caucasian woman was referred to our department with long-documented hyperopic shift and gradually decreasing vision in her left eye. (biomedcentral.com)
The patient history revealed fluctuating vision in the left eye for the previous 5 years and intermittent tinnitus in the left ear. (biomedcentral.com)

Resources, awards and scholarships that provide ophthalmologists of all grades with information and support to continue delivering high quality eye health care. (rcophth.ac.uk)
High Myopia is -6.00 and up, and is a risk factor to many eye problems . (newyorkmyopiacontrol.com)
The new facility will produce Flexpack compacted non-rotating steel wire ropes, the industry standard for the most demanding high load, high resistance to axial and transverse pressure applications. (wireropeexchange.com)