Avoidance learning. Medical search

A response to a cue that is instrumental in avoiding a noxious experience.

Destruction by passage of a galvanic electric current, as in disintegration of a chemical compound in solution.

The persistence to perform a learned behavior (facts or experiences) after an interval has elapsed in which there has been no performance or practice of the behavior.

Induction of a stress reaction in experimental subjects by means of an electrical shock; applies to either convulsive or non-convulsive states.

Learning the correct route through a maze to obtain reinforcement. It is used for human or animal populations. (Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 6th ed)

The observable response an animal makes to any situation.

Complex mental function having four distinct phases: (1) memorizing or learning, (2) retention, (3) recall, and (4) recognition. Clinically, it is usually subdivided into immediate, recent, and remote memory.

Learning that takes place when a conditioned stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus.

Instinctual behavior pattern in which food is obtained by killing and consuming other species.

Conditions characterized by a significant discrepancy between an individual's perceived level of intellect and their ability to acquire new language and other cognitive skills. These disorders may result from organic or psychological conditions. Relatively common subtypes include DYSLEXIA, DYSCALCULIA, and DYSGRAPHIA.

Almond-shaped group of basal nuclei anterior to the INFERIOR HORN OF THE LATERAL VENTRICLE of the TEMPORAL LOBE. The amygdala is part of the limbic system.

A curved elevation of GRAY MATTER extending the entire length of the floor of the TEMPORAL HORN of the LATERAL VENTRICLE (see also TEMPORAL LOBE). The hippocampus proper, subiculum, and DENTATE GYRUS constitute the hippocampal formation. Sometimes authors include the ENTORHINAL CORTEX in the hippocampal formation.

A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.

Relatively permanent change in behavior that is the result of past experience or practice. The concept includes the acquisition of knowledge.

Instructional use of examples or cases to teach using problem-solving skills and critical thinking.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.

Learning that is manifested in the ability to respond differentially to various stimuli.

Learning to respond verbally to a verbal stimulus cue.

Any situation where an animal or human is trained to respond differentially to two stimuli (e.g., approach and avoidance) under reward and punishment conditions and subsequently trained under reversed reward values (i.e., the approach which was previously rewarded is punished and vice versa).

Learning to make a series of responses in exact order.

Innate response elicited by sensory stimuli associated with a threatening situation, or actual confrontation with an enemy.

Improving social interaction in chronic psychotic using discriminated avoidance ("nagging"): experimental analysis and generalization. (1/2017)

Three social-interaction behaviors of a withdrawn chronic schizophrenic were increased using a discriminated avoidance ("nagging") procedure. The three behaviors were: (a) voice volume loud enough so that two-thirds of his speech was intellibible at a distance of 3m; (b) duration of speech of at least 15 sec; (c) placement of hands and elbows on the armrests of the chair in which he was sitting. "Nagging" consisted of verbal prompts to improve performance when the behaviors did not meet their criteria. A combined withdrawal and multiple-baseline design was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the procedure, and the contingency was sequentially applied to each of the three behaviors in each of four different interactions to determine the degree of stimulus and response generalization. Results indicated that the contingency was the effective element in increasing the patient's appropriate performance, and that there was a high degree of stimulus generalization and a moderate degree of response generalization. After the patient's discharge from the hospital, the durability of improvement across time and setting was determined in followup sessions conducted at a day treatment center and at a residential care home. Volume and duration generalized well to the new settings, while arm placement extinguished immediately. (+info)

Extinction of responding maintained by timeout from avoidance. (2/2017)

The resistance to extinction of lever pressing maintained by timeout from avoidance was examined. Rats were trained under a concurrent schedule in which responses on one lever postponed shock on a free-operant avoidance (Sidman) schedule (response-shock interval = 30 s) and responses on another lever produced 2 min of signaled timeout from avoidance on a variable-ratio 15 schedule. Following extended training (106 to 363 2-hr sessions), two experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1 two different methods of extinction were compared. In one session, all shocks were omitted, and there was some weakening of avoidance but little change in timeout responding. In another session, responding on the timeout lever was ineffective, and under these conditions timeout responding showed rapid extinction. The within-session patterns produced by extinction manipulations were different than the effects of drugs such as morphine, which also reduces timeout responding. In Experiment 2 shock was omitted for many consecutive sessions. Response rates on the avoidance lever declined relatively rapidly, with noticeable reductions within 5 to 10 sessions. Extinction of the timeout lever response was much slower than extinction of avoidance in all 4 rats, and 2 rats continued responding at baseline levels for more than 20 extinction sessions. These results show that lever pressing maintained by negative reinforcement can be highly resistant to extinction. The persistence of responding on the timeout lever after avoidance extinction is not readily explained by current theories. (+info)

Blocking a selective association in pigeons. (3/2017)

Experiment 1 demonstrated for the first time a stimulus-reinforcer interaction in pigeons trained with free-operant multiple schedules of reinforcement. Pigeons that treadle pressed in the presence of a tone-light (TL) compound for food exhibited primarily visual stimulus control on a stimulus-element test, whereas pigeons that avoided shock in TL exhibited auditory control. In Experiment 2, this selective association was blocked in pigeons pretrained with the biologically contingency-disadvantage element of the compound (i.e., tone-food or light-shock) before TL training. When this pretraining preceded compound-stimulus training, control was now auditory in pigeons that treadle pressed for food and was visual in pigeons that avoided shock. Previous attempts at blocking this selective association were unsuccessful in pigeons (LoLordo, Jacobs, & Foree, 1982) but were successful in rats (Schindler & Weiss, 1985). Experiment 2 established that selective associations can be blocked in pigeons when the procedures that were effective with rats were systematically replicated. These results further demonstrate the cross-species generality of an associative attentional mechanism involving a biological constraint on learning in species with different dominant sensory systems. (+info)

Effects of promazine, chlorpromazine, d-amphetamine, and pentobarbital on treadle pressing by pigeons under a signalled shock-postponement schedule. (4/2017)

The effects of promazine on treadle pressing to postpone the presentation of electric shock were studied in three pigeons. The effects of chlorpromazine, d-amphetamine, and pentobarbital were studied in two of these pigeons. Each treadle press postponed electric shock for 20 sec and presentation of a preshock stimulus for 14 sec. Selected doses of both promazine and chlorpromazine increased the rates of treadle pressing in all birds. The response-rate increases produced by promazine and chlorpromazine were due to increased conditional probabilities of treadle pressing both before and during the preshock stimulus. d-Amphetamine (1 and 3 mg/kg) slightly increased responding in one of the birds, but not to the extent that promazine or chlorpromazine did. In the other bird, the 10 mg/kg dose of d-amphetamine increased shock rate but did not change response rate. Some doses of d-amphetamine increased the conditional probabilities of responding both in the absence of the preshock signal and during the preshock signal in both birds. Pentobarbital only decreased response rates and increased shock rates. (+info)

Improvement by nefiracetam of beta-amyloid-(1-42)-induced learning and memory impairments in rats. (5/2017)

1. We have previously demonstrated that continuous i.c.v. infusion of amyloid beta-peptide (A beta), the major constituent of senile plaques in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease, results in learning and memory deficits in rats. 2. In the present study, we investigated the effects of nefiracetam [N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-(2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl) acetamide, DM-9384] on A beta-(1-42)-induced learning and memory deficits in rats. 3. In the A beta-(1-42)-infused rats, spontaneous alternation behaviour in a Y-maze task, spatial reference and working memory in a water maze task, and retention of passive avoidance learning were significantly impaired as compared with A beta-(40-1)-infused control rats. 4. Nefiracetam, at a dose range of 1-10 mg kg(-1), improved learning and memory deficits in the A beta-(1-42)-infused rats when it was administered p.o. 1 h before the behavioural tests. 5. Nefiracetam at a dose of 3 mg kg(-1) p.o. increased the activity of choline acetyltransferase in the hippocampus of A beta-(1-42)-infused rats. 6. Nefiracetam increased dopamine turnover in the cerebral cortex and striatum of A beta-(1-42)-infused rats, but failed to affect the noradrenaline, serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid content. 7. These results suggest that nefiracetam may be useful for the treatment of patients with Alzheimer's disease. (+info)

Intrahippocampal infusion of interleukin-6 impairs avoidance learning in rats. (6/2017)

AIM: To study the effect of intrahippocampal infusion of interleukin-6 (IL-6) on active avoidance in rats and the possible involvement of nitric oxide (NO). METHODS: Using a shuttle-box model, the effects of bilaterally intrahippocampal infusion of IL-6 3.2, 16, and 80 ng as well as sodium nitroprusside (SNP) 400 ng on active avoidance were studied on d 8 after administration. The levels of nitrite as an index of NO in the hippocampus were detected using a fluorometric assay 24 h after infusion of IL-6 3.2 or 80 ng. RESULTS: IL-6 16 and 80 ng impaired the acquisition performance of active avoidance by prolonging the latency of avoidance in training, but not the retention performance in testing. IL-680 ng and SNP 400 ng also resulted in a marked impairment in acquisition performances by decreasing the rate of avoidance, but not in retention performances. IL-680 ng markedly elevated the nitrite levels from 10.6 +/- 0.7 in control rats to 13.6 +/- 2.0 (nmol/g wet wt) (P < 0.01). IL-6 3.2 ng had no effect on active avoidance nor on nitrite levels. CONCLUSION: Intrahippocampal infusion of IL-6 impaired learning acquisition of active avoidance in rats. (+info)

Behavioral changes and cholinesterase activity of rats acutely treated with propoxur. (7/2017)

Early assessment of neurological and behavioral effects is extremely valuable for early identification of intoxications because preventive measures can be taken against more severe or chronic toxic consequences. The time course of the effects of an oral dose of the anticholinesterase agent propoxur (8.3 mg/kg) was determined on behaviors displayed in the open-field and during an active avoidance task by rats and on blood and brain cholinesterase activity. Maximum inhibition of blood cholinesterase was observed within 30 min after administration of propoxur. The half-life of enzyme-activity recovery was estimated to be 208.6 min. Peak brain cholinesterase inhibition was also detected between 5 and 30 min of the pesticide administration, but the half-life for enzyme activity recovery was much shorter, in the range of 85 min. Within this same time interval of the enzyme effects, diminished motor and exploratory activities and decreased performance of animals in the active avoidance task were observed. Likewise, behavioral normalization after propoxur followed a time frame similar to that of brain cholinesterase. These data indicate that behavioral changes that occur during intoxication with low oral doses of propoxur may be dissociated from signs characteristic of cholinergic over-stimulation but accompany brain cholinesterase activity inhibition. (+info)

Modeling geriatric depression in animals: biochemical and behavioral effects of olfactory bulbectomy in young versus aged rats. (8/2017)

Geriatric depression exhibits biological and therapeutic differences relative to early-onset depression. We studied olfactory bulbectomy (OBX), a paradigm that shares major features of human depression, in young versus aged rats to determine mechanisms underlying these differences. Young OBX rats showed locomotor hyperactivity and a loss of passive avoidance and tactile startle. In contrast, aged OBX animals maintained avoidance and startle responses but showed greater locomotor stimulation; the aged group also exhibited decreased grooming and suppressed feeding with novel presentation of chocolate milk, effects which were not seen in young OBX. These behavioral contrasts were accompanied by greater atrophy of the frontal/parietal cortex and midbrain in aged OBX. Serotonin transporter sites were increased in the cortex and hippocampus of young OBX rats, but were decreased in the aged OBX group. Cell signaling cascades also showed age-dependent effects, with increased adenylyl cyclase responses to monoaminergic stimulation in young OBX but no change or a decrease in aged OBX. These data indicate that there are biological distinctions in effects of OBX in young and aged animals, which, if present in geriatric depression, provide a mechanistic basis for differences in biological markers and drug responses. OBX may provide a useful animal model with which to test therapeutic interventions for geriatric depression. (+info)

... therefore presenting an avoidance response. This format does not use Pavlovian learning to condition avoidance responses. In ... leading psychologists and neuroscientists to study how avoidance behaviors are learned using rat or mouse models. Avoidance ... After the training session the rats complete unsignaled avoidance learning (see above) for multiple days. As a test of ... This form of conditioning combines Pavlovian learning with unsignaled avoidance conditioning in order to test whether rats are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avoidance_learning

The avoidance response comes into play here when punishment is administered. An animal will presumably learn to avoid the ... Garcia, J (1996). Relation of cue to consequence in avoidance learning. Foundations of animal behavior: Classic papers with ... Wynne, Solomon (1953). "TRAUMATIC AVOIDANCE LEARNING: THE OUTCOMES OF SEVERAL EXTINCTION PROCEDURES WITH DOGS". Skinner, B.F. ( ... Because the avoidance response is adaptive, humans have learned to use it in training animals such as dogs and horses. B.F. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avoidance_response

... exhibiting avoidance learning; and making trade-offs between noxious stimulus avoidance and other motivational requirements. In ... holding or autotomy Shows avoidance learning Shows trade-offs between noxious stimulus avoidance and other motivational ... Magee, B. & Elwood, R.W. (2013). "Shock avoidance by discrimination learning in the shore crab (Carcinus maenas) is consistent ... Robert W. Elwood & Barry Magee (2013). "Shock avoidance by discrimination learning in the shore crab (Carcinus maenas) is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pain_in_crustaceans

Kawai, Nobuyuki; Kono, Reiko; Sugimoto, Sanae (2004). "Avoidance learning in the crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) depends on the ... Bolles, Robert C. (1970). "Species-specific defense reactions and avoidance learning". Psychological Review. 77 (1): 32-48. doi ... In Evolution and Learning. Bolles RC, Beecher MD, Eds,; Earlbaum, Hillsdale NJ:185-211. Blanchard, DC; Blanchard, RJ (1969). " ... These behaviours are used to reduce the probability of having to exhibit avoidance behaviours, which are evoked when a predator ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predatory_imminence_continuum

Bolles RC (1970). "Species-specific Defense Reactions and Avoidance Learning". Psychological Review. 77: 32-38. doi:10.1037/ ... Through observational learning, humans can learn to fear potentially dangerous objects-a reaction observed in other primates. A ... Although observational learning has proven effective in creating reactions of fear and phobias, it has also been shown that by ... The avoidance aspect is defined as behaviour that results in the omission of an aversive event that would otherwise occur, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phobia

Jouventin, P.; Pasteur, G.; Cambefort, J. P. (1977). "Observational Learning of Baboons and Avoidance of Mimics: Exploratory ... Proposed alternatives include observational learning and innate avoidance. These provide alternative explanations to Emsleyan ... But if a predator dies, it cannot learn to recognize a warning signal, e.g., bright colours in a certain pattern. In other ... Another possible mechanism is that a predator might not have to learn that a certain prey is harmful in the first place: it ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emsleyan_mimicry

Knauber J, Müller WE (March 2003). "Anseculin improves passive avoidance learning of aged mice". Pharmacological Research. 47 ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensaculin

... the complex learning associated with this response (see 'Learned Avoidance' below) suggests this view might be overly ... Kawai, N.; Kono, R.; Sugimoto, S. (2004). "Avoidance learning in the crayfish (Procambarus clarkia) depends on the predatory ... Denti, A.; Dimant, B.; Maldonado, H. (1988). "Passive avoidance learning in the crab Chasmagnathus granulatus". Physiology & ... Fernandez-Duque, E.; Valeggia, C.; Maldonado, H. (1992). "Multitrial inhibitory avoidance learning in the crab Chasmagnathus". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pain_in_invertebrates

"The Self-Report Psychopathy Scale and Passive Avoidance Learning". Assessment. 13 (2): 197-207. doi:10.1177/1073191105284992. ... The honesty-humility factor from the HEXACO model of personality is used to measure sincerity, fairness, greed avoidance, and ... Burlington, Massachusetts: Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 99. ISBN 978-0-7637-7790-6. Campbell, W. Keith; Miller, Joshua D. ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_triad

Khurana S, Abu Baker MB, Siddiqi O. (2009). Odour avoidance learning in the larva of Drosophila melanogaster. J. Biosci. 34: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obaid_Siddiqi

"Contiguous Approach Conditioning: A Model For Sidman Avoidance Learning." Psychological Reports 55.1 (Aug. 1984): 291-295. ... Sidman's explanation of free-operant avoidance is an alternative to the Miller-Mowrer two-process theory of avoidance. ... "free-operant avoidance", in which an individual learns to avoid an aversive stimulus by remembering to produce the response ... Methodologically, a "Sidman avoidance procedure" is an experiment in which the subject is periodically presented with an ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murray_Sidman

Chirelstein, Marvin A. (January 1968). "Learned Hand's Contribution to the Law of Tax Avoidance". Yale Law Journal. 77 (3): 440 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marvin_Chirelstein

... exhibiting avoidance learning and making trade-offs between noxious stimulus avoidance and other motivational requirements. ... exhibiting avoidance learning and making trade-offs between noxious stimulus avoidance and other motivational requirements. ... holding or autotomy Shows avoidance learning Shows trade-offs between noxious stimulus avoidance and other motivational ... Avoidance learning in octopuses has been known since 1905. Noxious stimuli, for example electric shocks, have been used as " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pain_in_cephalopods

ISBN 0-478-14065-7. Laska, M. and Metzker, K. (1998). "Food avoidance learning in squirrel monkeys and Common Marmosets". Learn ... C. elegans was shown to learn and inherit pathogenic avoidance after exposure to a single non-coding RNA of a bacterial ... However, illness was not necessarily prerequisite for food avoidance learning in these species, for highly concentrated but non ... elegans interprets bacterial non-coding RNAs to learn pathogenic avoidance". Nature. 586 (7829): 445-451. Bibcode:2020Natur.586 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poison_shyness

20 (1). Rozin, P; Kalat, J (1971). "Specific hungers and poison avoidance as adaptive specializations of learning". ... These birds have learned to eat only the tongue of the toad, leaving the rest of the carcass behind. In this way, the raptors ... This form of learning has been observed to occur in native anurophagous predators when the ill-effects caused by consuming a ... This learnt behaviour has been observed in predators that are more resistant to the cane toad's toxins including birds and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptations_of_Australian_animals_to_cane_toads

Cheney, Karen (27 February 2008). "The role of avoidance learning in an aggressive mimicry system". Behavioral Ecology. 19 (3 ... In both cases, the host fish can rarely or never learn the disguise of the mimic; the fact that A. taeniatus can be easily ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_cleanerfish

Noboa, Vanessa; Gillette, Rhanor (2013). "Selective prey avoidance learning in the predatory sea slug Pleurobranchaea ... from their chemical receptors lined along the anterior edge of their veil for localized feeding and have aposematic learning to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleurobranchaea_californica

Scientists explain a mechanism by which C. elegans learns and inherits pathogenic avoidance after exposure to a single non- ... elegans interprets bacterial non-coding RNAs to learn pathogenic avoidance". Nature. 586 (7829): 445-451. Bibcode:2020Natur.586 ... They used deep learning to identify design-rules. 27 July - A new AI algorithm by the University of Pittsburgh achieves the ... "Machine learning reveals recipe for building artificial proteins". phys.org. Retrieved 17 August 2020. Russ, William P.; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July–September_2020_in_science

"Inhibitory learning of phototaxis by honeybees in a passive-avoidance task". Learning & Memory. 26 (10): 412-423. doi:10.1101/ ... Learning & memory 19 (2), 54-66. doi: 10.1101/lm.024711.111. Devaud JM, Papouin T, Carcaud J, Sandoz JC, Grünewald B, Giurfa M ... His work has led to the establishment of virtual reality scenarios for honey bees in which he studies their visual learning and ... Devaud, JM; Papouin T; Carcaud J; Sandoz JC; Grunewald B; Giurfa M (2015). "Neural substrate for higher-order learning in an ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Giurfa

C. elegans was shown to learn and inherit pathogenic avoidance after exposure to a single non-coding RNA of a bacterial ... elegans interprets bacterial non-coding RNAs to learn pathogenic avoidance". Nature. 586 (7829): 445-451. Bibcode:2020Natur.586 ... Prader-Willi is a developmental disorder associated with over-eating and learning difficulties. SNORD116 has potential target ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-coding_RNA

Rats that lack the gene stathmin show no avoidance learning, or a lack of fear, and will often walk directly up to cats and be ... The avoidance learning of rats is seen as a conditioned response, and therefore the behavior can be unconditioned, as supported ... The rats showed signs of avoidance learning, not fear, but simply avoiding the area that brought pain to the test rats. ... Species-specific defense reactions (SSDRs) or avoidance learning in nature is the specific tendency to avoid certain threats or ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fear

2007). "Avoidance of aposematic prey in European tits (Paridae): learned or innate?". Behavioral Ecology. 18 (1): 148-156. doi: ... avoidance of distinctive prey is selected by predators. Concurrent reciprocal selection (CRS) may entail learning by predators ... Siddall, Emma C.; Marples, Nicola M. (2008-01-22). "Better to be bimodal: the interaction of color and odor on learning and ... By mimicking similarly coloured species, the warning signal to predators is shared, causing them to learn more quickly at less ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aposematism

"Basolateral amygdaloid multi-unit neuronal correlates of discriminative avoidance learning in rabbits". Brain Research. 549 (2 ... as well as defining the role for the hippocampus in contextual learning and memory. Maren joined the faculty of University of ... and amygdala that are involved in the expression and extinction of learned fear responses. Maren obtained his undergraduate ... the activity of basolateral amygdala neurons during this form of learning. He obtained his PhD in Biological Sciences ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Maren

Johnsson, T.; Lavender, J. F.; Hultin, E.; Rasmussen Jr., A. F. (1963). "The Influence of Avoidance-Learning Stress on ... Rasmussen's 1957 paper Increased susceptibility to herpes simplex in mice subjected to avoidance-Learning stress or restraint, ... Antibody Response and Viral Retention During Avoidance Learning Stress". Experimental Biology and Medicine. 116 (3): 677-680. ... "Increased Susceptibility to Herpes Simplex in Mice Subjected to Avoidance-Learning Stress or Restraint". Experimental Biology ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaron_Frederick_Rasmussen_Jr.

May 2015). "Histamine in the basolateral amygdala promotes inhibitory avoidance learning independently of hippocampus". ... α-FMH administration has been shown to cause impairments in long-term memory and learning. Additionally, injection of α-FMH has ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha-Fluoromethylhistidine

During his time at Harvard University, Solomon conducted research into avoidance learning. In his experiments, he placed dogs ... Eventually, the dogs learned to avoid shock entirely by running to the other side in the interval between lighting and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Solomon_(psychologist)

Ryker, Lee C. (1994). "Male Avoidance of Female Rejection: Learning in Tropisternus Solier Water Beetles (Coleoptera: ... In response to the rejection maneuvers of the female, male T. ellipticus will mimic the buzzing and shaking, often learning ... Resetarits, William J. (September 2001). "Colonization under threat of predation: avoidance of fish by an aquatic beetle, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrophilidae

... using an avoidance learning task. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 87: 343-354. Reebs, S.G. (2011) Tool use in fishes ... This is variously called observational learning, cultural transmission, or social learning. For example, fish can learn a ... Through social learning, fishes might learn not only where to get food, but also what to get and how to get it. Hatchery-raised ... Fishes can also learn from others the identity of predatory species. Fathead minnows, for example, can learn the smell of a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish_intelligence

Dikman ZV, Allen JJ (January 2000). "Error monitoring during reward and avoidance learning in high- and low-socialized ... This position has been elaborated into a reinforcement learning account of the ERN, arguing that both the rERN and the fERN are ... Holroyd CB, Coles MG (October 2002). "The neural basis of human error processing: reinforcement learning, dopamine, and the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Error-related_negativity

"Abnormal avoidance learning in mice lacking functional high-affinity nicotine receptor in the brain". Nature. 374 (6517): 65-67 ... "Abnormal avoidance learning in mice lacking functional high-affinity nicotine receptor in the brain". Nature. 374 (6517): 65-67 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marina_Picciotto

... learning or problem solving) fantasy violence (cartoon characters that must fight or destroy things, and risk being killed, in ... that typically is not characterized as non-violent despite the fact that gameplay revolves to a great degree around avoidance ... The majority of these games have not been scientifically tested to see whether children learn the skills the games claim to ... and these studies frequently employed the social learning theory framework developed by Albert Bandura to explore violent ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonviolent_video_game

Some veterans' advocates recommend that veterans learn how to file claims on their own so that they retain full control over ... active avoidance of thoughts, memories, or reminders of the event; hyperarousal symptoms such as always being on guard for ... avoidance of trauma-related thoughts and memories; and (3) frequently feeling under threat manifested as, for example, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veterans_benefits_for_post-traumatic_stress_disorder_in_the_United_States

Bond, F.W.; P.E. Flaxman (2006). "The Ability of Psychological Flexibility and Job Control to Predict Learning, Job Performance ... The Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ) was developed in order to measure experiential avoidance. This test found that ... It was later decided that the AAQ actually measured psychological flexibility, not experiential avoidance. It was used until ... Rochefort, Catherine; Baldwin, Austin S.; Chmielewski, Michael (2017). "Experiential Avoidance: An Examination of the Construct ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flexibility_(personality)

Call avoidance Klüwer, Tina. "From chatbots to dialog systems." Conversational agents and natural language interaction: ... They can provide problem-solving advice while the user learns Simple dialogue systems are widely used to decrease the human ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialogue_system

Examples of symptoms include intrusive symptoms, flashbacks and nightmares, as well as symptoms of avoidance (including amnesia ... leading cause of death in children under five years of age though many that survive experience disabilities including learning ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Childbirth

Guided Approach to Learning Chemistry.[ISBN missing] (Articles with short description, Short description is different from ... reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and avoidance of corrosive and harmful reagents. Brent Hiskey "Metallurgy, Survey" in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extractive_metallurgy

Americans experience conflict gradually, which results in continuous learning about how to solve conflict and increased wisdom ... His initial work found that cultures differ on four dimensions: power distance, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity-femininity, ... retrieved 24 June 2010 Learning materials related to Cross-cultural psychology at Wikiversity Culture readings online (Articles ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-cultural_psychology

In situations where the risk of tunnel vision is high, the best option is to set a learning goal. A learning goal is a ... Control orientation (extrinsic motivation) is associated with both avoidance and approach goals. Approach goals are associated ... An example of a learning goal in executive or workplace coaching might be 'learn how to be the best lawyer in my area of ... Learning goals (sometimes referred to as mastery goals) focus the coachee's attention on the learning associated with task ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goal_setting

He finally reached Antigua on 12 June, and learnt that Villeneuve had passed by the day before, headed for Europe. Nelson left ... The plan was complicated and depended on the unlikely events of favourable weather, the avoidance of Cochrane's and Nelson's ... and learnt that Nelson had been sighted off Sardinia. Realising that he was sailing into an ambush, Villeneuve turned west, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trafalgar_campaign

The charity has also worked on developing innovative augmented reality learning resourcesfor teaching prehospital care. BASICS ... rather than responding to 999 calls and providing community medicine to facilitate admission avoidance. In 2021, BASICS ... "Aebhric O'Kelly - Prolonged field care in remote areas". BASICS Scotland Learning Management System. 6 October 2021. Retrieved ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASICS_Scotland

March 1 - President Clinton participates in a question-and-answer session at the Adult Learning Center in New Brunswick, New ... "the Convention Between the United States of America and the Slovak Republic for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the ... Remarks and a Question-and-Answer Session at the Adult Learning Center in New Brunswick, New Jersey (March 1, 1993) Remarks on ... "the Convention Between the United States of America and the Czech Republic for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Bill_Clinton_presidency_(1993)

As a result of frequently being required to give up possessions in order to retain individual freedoms, Mennonites learned to ... stay separate from other Mennonite groups because of their emphasis on the one-true-church doctrine and their use of avoidance ... Initially skeptical of the program, government agencies learned to appreciate the men's service and requested more workers from ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mennonites

... which is taken into account by collision-avoidance and overtaking algorithms. Robots also have learning capability: they can ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_Dreams

Heracles, when he learns about the singer, organizes an ambush to arrest him, but Erotokritos with his beloved friend kills the ... elements that contribute to the rhythmic variety and the avoidance of monotony There are numerous adaptations and reworks of ... When he returns, he discovers the absence of his drawing and songs and learns that the only person that visited them was ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erotokritos

Ruxton, Graeme D.; Wilkinson, David M. (2011-12-27). "Avoidance of overheating and selection for both hair loss and bipedality ... Mondal, Mayukh; Bertranpetit, Jaume; Lao, Oscar (16 January 2019). "Approximate Bayesian computation with deep learning ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_human_evolution

... costing and commissioning tools and even training and learning packages. As of August 2013, NICE and the NCCSC had scheduled ... guidance for public sector workers on health promotion and ill-health avoidance guidance for social care services and users. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Institute_for_Health_and_Care_Excellence

This therapy focuses on the idea that PNES are caused by a learned physical reaction or habit the body develops, similar to a ... Cognitive behavioral therapy Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) treatments for PNES typically target fear avoidance and work to ... The individual does not have control of the learned reaction, but this can be retrained to allow the patient to control the ... One hypothesis is that they are a learned physical reaction or habit the body develops, similar to a reflex. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychogenic_non-epileptic_seizure

Over the years I have seen that remark quoted in a number of learned columns. It has now seemingly acquired a profound ... It is a necessary avoidance, a violent, sly, anguished or mocking smoke screen which keeps the other in its place. When true ... The more complicated life becomes the better it is to learn to say nothing." When Pacey inquires "Who is this Pinter guy?" ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Characteristics_of_Harold_Pinter's_work

8 1948) Brian Urquhart, "What You Can Learn from Reinhold Niebuhr", The New York Review of Books The Niebuhr Society Niebuhr on ... He was a debunker of hypocrisy and pretense and made the avoidance of self-righteous illusions the center of his thoughts. ... Urquhart, Brian (March 26, 2009). "What You Can Learn from Reinhold Niebuhr". The New York Review of Books. Retrieved March 15 ... White, Morton (1959). Religion, Politics, and the Higher Learning. Wright, Robert (1991). A World Mission: Canadian ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhold_Niebuhr

It is suggested that the more we learn through studying OCD in dogs, the more we can to understand human biology and the ... may result in a hyperactive cognitive harm avoidance system, in which a person becomes consciously and unreasonably fearful of ... Hahner, K. Learned Helplessness: A Critique of Research and Theory. On the Americans Europeans Japanese for Medical Advancement ... Lewis rats pressed the lever more often than the other two types, even though they had presumably learned that they would not ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_psychopathology

Pouring a cup of drugged coffee, Raymond tells Rex the only way to learn what happened to Saskia is to experience it himself. ... Desson Howe of The Washington Post praised the film's avoidance of cliches, noting that it is "refreshingly free of ... Howe also made note of the unusual move of revealing the kidnapper immediately and spending significant time learning about him ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Vanishing_(1988_film)

Another measure of learning is spatio-temporal learning (also called time-place learning), which refers to an individual's ... This avoidance behavior is a trade-off mechanism where the loss of time and energy in avoiding food patches is traded with the ... Observing and learning from other members of the group ensure that the younger members of the group learn what is safe to eat ... Forebrain size has been associated with learning behavior. Animals with larger brain sizes are expected to learn better. A ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foraging

Some survival games provide quests, which help the player learn the game's mechanics and lead them to more dangerous areas, ... the emphasis is placed on avoidance, rather than confrontation. In some games, however, combat is unavoidable and provides the ... Crafting systems may not give the player the necessary recipes for crafting, requiring for them to be learned through ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Survival_game

Hence, members learn to accept ideas from dissenters (which does not imply agreeing with them), they learn to listen and to ... Conflict avoidance - non-attention or creating a total or partial separation of the combatants allowing limited interaction ... The idea is that the parties learn how to converse directly with their adversary in the joint session. Some unique challenges ... For example, in a common form of classroom organization, students are expected to learn from instructors by listening to them, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizational_conflict

Bob Byrd learned that from watching Lyndon Johnson." Byrd himself had told Smathers that "I have never in my life played a game ... "the need on both sides for avoidance of inflammatory rhetoric which can only be counterproductive." On September 23, Byrd ... Memorial in Washington, D.C., remarking that, "With the passage of time, we have come to learn that his Dream was the American ... and was a man who learned from his mistakes. He was more than a friend and colleague. He was a mentor to me and literally ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Byrd

"Learning City." The number of international students studying in Adelaide has increased rapidly in recent years to 30,726 in ... which provides out of hospital care and hospital avoidance care. Adelaide's energy requirements were originally met by the ... courses or a flexible learning option (FLO). South Australia also has 24 schools that use International Baccalaureate programs ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adelaide

Cognitive learning models illustrate how people connect cues with certain outcomes or responses. Learning can strengthen ... in children this could be crying out or a tantrum avoids the feared situation at all costs the avoidance of the feared ... However, it was found that 12-month-old infants could not use cues such as eye gaze, touching, and handling to learn labels. ... Two aspects of the EXIT model learning phenomena have been focused on by Collins et al. The first is blocking which happens ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_cue

Soft foods and avoidance of contact sports is also recommended in the short term. Dental care should be sought as quickly as ... when children's motor function is developing and start learning how to walk/ run) Mixed dentition stage (8-10 years old) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dental_trauma

In other words if A learns from B that the path to C is through B then it will not tell B to route packets destined for C ... Each routing protocol contains loop-avoidance mechanisms, but the information needed for loops to be avoided is lost when ... But the portion of the network whose routes are learned by redistribution are not "mapped" in the same way. The "where did I ... 16, 2010). Archived 2012-02-02 at the Wayback Machine Diane Teare, Implementing Cisco IP Routing (ROUTE): Foundation Learning ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Route_redistribution

... avoidance) zinc Sunflower therapy Auditory integration training (AIT), auditory processing training Mozart Effect music therapy ... This list covers alternative therapies for developmental and learning disabilities. None of these therapies are supported by ... ISBN 0-470-86312-9. Bull, L. (2007). "Sunflower therapy for children with specific learning difficulties (dyslexia): A ... holding therapy TEACCH caffeine-free diet Laughter therapy meditation positive thinking stress management Learning styles ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_alternative_therapies_for_developmental_and_learning_disabilities

A machine-learning mechanism of a disaster-avoidance system trains a knowledgebase to associate characteristics of a data- ... US Patent for Self-learning disaster-avoidance and recovery Patent (Patent # 10,997,015) Self-learning disaster-avoidance and ... is a flow chart that shows self-learning and predictive steps of a method for self-learning disaster-avoidance and recovery, in ... is a flow chart that illustrates self-learning and predictive steps of a method for self-learning disaster-avoidance and ...

https://patents.justia.com/patent/10997015

... active avoidance learning, active avoidance testing, and histology. The active avoidance learning or testing phase commenced 5- ... One reason learning does not develop is because mice fail to experience avoidance responses during these learning sessions ( ... Effect of PPT neuron inactivation during the avoidance interval on signaled active avoidance learning. A, Parasagittal section ... AA2 tests signaled active avoidance during the signaled avoidance interval and unsignaled passive avoidance during the ...

https://www.jneurosci.org/content/41/19/4262

Living and Learning with Pathological Demand Avoidance Increase quantity for Super Shamlal - Living and Learning with ... It is amazing how such a simple, captivating childrens story can so eloquently describe Pathological Demand Avoidance to both ... and gives her tips for how to live and learn with the syndrome.. This simple, illustrated storybook will help children aged 7- ...

https://us.jkp.com/products/super-shamlal-living-and-learning-with-pathological-demand-avoidance

... animals showed delay in avoidance learning. But there was no change in acquisition of learning after hypoglacaemia induced by ... Learning behaviour under different glycaemic conditions were studied in albino rats using an avoidance box. When insulin and ... Avoidance learning under hypo and hyperglycemia in rats. Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. 1990 Apr; 34(2): 105-8 ... Besides, hyperglycemia, other factors like metabolic disturbances, cytotoxic effects of alloxan may have inhibited learning in ...

https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/108811

Trpm channels mediate learned pathogen avoidance following intestinal distention. Adam Filipowicz, Jonathan Lalsiamthara, ... Dive into the research topics of Trpm channels mediate learned pathogen avoidance following intestinal distention. Together ...

https://ohsu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/trpm-channels-mediate-learned-pathogen-avoidance-following-intest/fingerprints/

New life-saving treatments for Post-traumatic stress disorder in clinical trial on Avoidance Learning and Fear Extinction ...

https://clinicaltrials.med.nyu.edu/clinicaltrial/1650/avoidance-learning-fear-extinction/?section=elg&qd=9927733

This resource should appear in a popup window. If it didnt, click here ...

https://education.acaai.org/content/indoor-allergens-and-avoidance-additional-materials

Avoidance Learning. *. Eli Lebowitz, PhD. Associate Professor, Child Study Center; Director Program for Anxiety Disorders, ...

https://medicine.yale.edu/research-profiles/?orgId=113592&meshId=1293

Psychology Definition of PASSIVE-AVOIDANCE LEARNING: a typically utilizes misnomer for punishment. It is generally utilized in ... PASSIVE-AVOIDANCE LEARNING: "Passive-avoidance learning is often viewed as a type of conditioning." ... "PASSIVE-AVOIDANCE LEARNING," in PsychologyDictionary.org, April 7, 2013, https://psychologydictionary.org/passive-avoidance- ...

https://psychologydictionary.org/passive-avoidance-learning/

Sorry, I dont see Aikido as avoidance. I would rather it be defined as Irimi. Just learn to go straight through your partners ... Avoidance is not the first step, nor is Aikido defined as avoidance. I know that avoidance is what people generally think to be ... Sorry, I dont see Aikido as avoidance.. I did not say that Aikido was avoidance, I was saying that avoidance is the first step ... Avoidance is a choice, it is an action.. I think many of us are not saying avoidance...but non participation. I think one of ...

http://www.aikiweb.com/forums/archive/index.php/t-12313.html

Avoidance Learning / physiology* * Brain Injuries / chemically induced * Follow-Up Studies * Functional Laterality / physiology ... Straight runway and passive avoidance performances revealed mild deficits related to the excitotoxic NMDA-induced lesion as ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17250902/

Learn more about Zebrafish on our Behavioral research blog: interesting publications, events, facts, or innovations. ... Inhibitory avoidance learning in zebrafish (Danio rerio). The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is increasingly being used as model in ...

https://www.noldus.com/blog/topic/zebrafish?page=4

Do-Hyun Chun, Myung-Il Roh, Hye-Won Lee, Jisang Ha, Donghun Yu, "Deep Reinforcement Learning-based Collision Avoidance for an ... Do-Hyun Chun, Myung-Il Roh, Hye-Won Lee, Jisang Ha, Donghun Yu, "Deep Reinforcement Learning-based Collision Avoidance for an ... Subsequently, a path generation algorithm based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL) was proposed to determine the avoidance ... we proposed a collision avoidance method that quantitatively assesses the collision risk and then generates an avoidance path. ...

https://sydlab.snu.ac.kr/xe/index.php?mid=board_ZjIJ13&category=136&listStyle=viewer&document_srl=9780&page=6

Comparability of a single-trial passive avoidance learning task in the young chick across different laboratories. Creator. ...

http://arrow.latrobe.edu.au:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/latrobe:343

Jason Reiter, David B. Spencer "Spacecraft Detection Avoidance Maneuver Optimization Using Reinforcement Learning," AAS 19-506 ...

https://aeroastro.mit.edu/publications/jason-reiter-david-b-spencer-spacecraft-detection-avoidance-maneuver-optimization-using-reinforcement-learning-aas-19-506-29th-aas-aiaa-space-flight-mechanics-meeting-kaanapali/

I was involved in the broad area of avoidance learning. I think PTSD is a subset of that but our patients are very avoidance. I ... I would say just another piece on this, that what we often see as a lot of avoidance learning in our patients. If we dont, ... So what Im saying is, you know, Im worried that the evidence is not all in and were not learning the paradigm lessons from ... Sign up to receive COCA Call Announcements, COCA Digest, COCA Learn, COCA Now, and other COCA resources by entering your email ...

https://emergency.cdc.gov/coca/transcripts/2016/call-transcript-072716.asp

Young Drivers need to learn crash avoidance more quickly. 11 January 2018 - A new report by Roadsafe partners IAM RoadSmart and ...

https://www.roadsafe.com/infotainmentsafetyconcerns

Eliciting such responses can lead to stronger and more sustained learning of avoidance and cessation of smoking behaviors. ... Learn more about PCDs commenting policy. The opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily ... used cognitive and learning theories to propose further that advertisement effectiveness ratings and recall are greatest when ...

https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2014/14_0326.htm

Ideally, clients interested in changing current patterns and learning life-long tools to maintain healthy, more adaptive ways ... Panic and Avoidance Group For adults learning to face fears of panic sensations and avoidance. Group will focus on acceptance- ... For adults learning to manage problems with body-focused repetitive behaviors (BFRBs). Tuesday afternoons. Led by Joan Davidson ... Ideally, clients interested in changing current patterns and learning life-long tools to maintain healthy, more adaptive ways ...

https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/therapists/joan-davidson-oakland-ca/283452

Serotonergic Deficits and Impaired Passive-avoidance Learning in Rats ... Pharmacology Biochem.... 2000. ...

https://www.erowid.org/references/refs.php?S=ecstasy%20dose

Planning Models for Two-Way Avoidance and Reversal Learning.. In Proceedings of the 7th Vienna International Conference on ... ATLAS - Annotation tool using partially supervised learning and Multi-view Co-learning in Human-Computer-Interaction Scenarios. ... Ensemble learning for density estimation.. In Proceedings of the 36th Annual Conference of the German Classification Society ( ... Learning Representations for Animated Motion Sequence and Implied Motion Recognition.. In Proc. Intl. Conf. on Artificial ...

https://www.uni-ulm.de/in/sonderforschungsbereich-transregio-62/research/publikationen/2012/

... biochemical correlates of passive avoidance learning. Behav Neurosci 103: 144-150. ... Ryan CM, Williams TM (1993). Effects of insulin-dependent diabetes on learning and memory efficiency in adults. J Clin Exp ... Biessels GJ, Kamal A, Ramakers GM, Urban IJ, Spruijt BM, Erkelens DW et al (1996). Place learning and hippocampal synaptic ... McCarthy AM, Lindgren S, Mengeling MA, Tsalikian E, Engvall JC (2002). Effects of diabetes on learning in children. Pediatrics ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/npp2008136?error=cookies_not_supported&code=87f3370a-13a4-427c-a8e0-ce909661a6d2

It suppresses open learning and induces unhealthy avoidance behaviors. Personal and Public Progress. Great salespeople want to ... Do your sellers have the potential for sales excellence? Do they possess the desire and capacity to learn their sales skills, ... Certification programs, mentors, learning management systems, behavior modeling and predictive selling systems all contribute ... Sales supervisors have the greatest positive impact on their sellers when they act as coaches helping sellers learn skills, ...

https://worldatwork.org/resources/publications/workspan-daily/sales-compensation-does-not-stand-alone

Learning the troll avoidance button :). Re: ASICMINER: Entering the Future of ASIC Mining by Inventing It ...

https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=99497.8240

You will learn about risk avoidance and mitigation. Finally, you will explore cost efficiencies for risk mitigation. ... You will learn how to install and configure a Microsoft Hyper-V Virtual Machine. Learn how to configure iSCSI (Internet Small ... You will learn about Discretionary Access Control, where the resource owner sets the permissions. You will learn how to use the ... Learn to apply risk-based management concepts to the supply chain. Also learn to build and maintain security training programs ...

https://www.skillsoft.com/channel/information-security-operations-31e1d7f0-e259-11e6-93f3-0242c0a80605?tech=1993833&expertiselevel=1993835

Towards an optimal MEC resources dimensioning for vehicle collision avoidance system: A deep learning approach IEEE Network, ...

https://www.eurecom.fr/fr/publication?f%5B0%5D=date%3A1992&f%5B1%5D=date%3A1994&f%5B2%5D=date%3A2001&f%5B3%5D=date%3A2017&f%5B4%5D=date%3A2021&f%5B5%5D=department%3Asecurite%20numerique&f%5B6%5D=department%3Asystemes%20de%20communication&f%5B7%5D=type%3Ajournal&f%5B8%5D=type%3Ajournal%20ou%20magazine%20sans%20comite%20de%20lecture&f%5B9%5D=type%3Atalk

We learn how big data analytics helped uncover an offshore tax avoidance scandal. And we examine the role of collaboration in ... Learn what SDN data center controllers do in a network In a software-defined network, SDN data center controllers are a crucial ... Facebook shares lessons learnt from deploying Raid in HDFS clusters Facebook deployed Raid in large HDFS clusters to increase ... Learn about the main privacy issues and risk for businesses and users -- and ... ...

https://www.computerweekly.com/resources/Storage/page/17

https://www.emergency.cdc.gov/coca/transcripts/2016/call-transcript-072716.asp

For adults learning to manage problems with body-focused repetitive behaviors (BFRBs). (psychologytoday.com)
Many people stutter "covertly," meaning they use tricks and avoidance behaviors such as inserting interjections to postpone saying a difficult word. (stutteringtreatment.org)
Exposure therapy creates a safe environment in which to "expose" individuals to the things they fear in order to reduce anxiety and decrease avoidance behaviors. (pathlightbh.com)
On day 2 (2d) all three groups were evaluated for depressive-like behaviors in avoidance task. (usp.br)
and a behavioral learning theory, offering treatments designed to eliminate the behaviors that characterize the mental disorders. (dissidentvoice.org)

CaMKII-expressing neurons in the pedunculopontine tegmentum area (PPT) of the midbrain locomotor region have been shown to play a critical role in the expression of this learned behavior, but the activity of these neurons during learned behavior is unknown. (jneurosci.org)
Moreover, using optogenetics, we found that these neurons must discharge during the signaled avoidance interval for naive mice to effectively learn the active avoidance behavior. (jneurosci.org)
SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT During signaled active avoidance behavior, subjects move away to avoid a threat when directed by an innocuous sensory stimulus. (jneurosci.org)
Using imaging methods in freely behaving mice, we found that the activity of neurons in a part of the midbrain, known as the pedunculopontime tegmentum, increases during the presentation of the innocuous sensory stimulus that predicts the threat and also during the expression of the learned behavior as mice move away to avoid the threat. (jneurosci.org)
In addition, inhibiting these neurons abolishes the ability of mice to learn the behavior. (jneurosci.org)
Thus, neurons in this part of the midbrain code and are essential for signaled active avoidance behavior. (jneurosci.org)
Although signaled active avoidance has been studied for almost a century, the basic neural circuits mediating the expression of this behavior have remained elusive. (jneurosci.org)
The lack of impairment of performance of unconditioned eyeblink behavior following lesions of the interpositus nucleus provides critical evidence of a selective role for this nucleus in learned or conditioned eyeblink behavior. (encyclopedia.com)
Study of the role of cerebellar circuitry in the acquisition and expression of conditioned eye-blink behavior represents perhaps the best example of a model approach to understanding the neurobiological bases of a form of procedural learning in the mammalian brain. (encyclopedia.com)
Several aspects of motivation and cognition, i.e. goal-directed control, approach-avoidance behavior, can be accounted by formal reinforcement learning algorithms. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
Both major depression and the learned helplessness triadic model of induced depressive behavior is associated with functional impairments in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and amygdala (AMY). (usp.br)
This also determines the way we tend to learn how to behave through external advice (parents, grandparents, school, on the street, in clubs) as a kind of do's and don't list of behavior. (aireas.com)
Health and Physical Education are addressed as projects include discussion and learning related to safety, liability, interpersonal skills, conflict avoidance, appraising outcomes and impacts on others, maintaining appropriate behavior, etc., in the students' interaction with others. (cpalms.org)

Passive - avoidance learning is often viewed as a type of conditioning . (psychologydictionary.org)
Straight runway and passive avoidance performances revealed mild deficits related to the excitotoxic NMDA-induced lesion as compared to the sham procedure. (nih.gov)
The Passive Avoidance is a fear-motivated test used to assess short- or long-term memory in laboratory rodents. (neurofit.com)
Donepezil: reversion of Scopolamine-induced cognitive deficit in the Passive Avoidance test in the rat. (neurofit.com)

As you contemplate 2022, move your learning zone from that which is easy to what is hard: learning about yourself. (universityaffairs.ca)
What's your main priority for learning in 2022? (universityaffairs.ca)
We challenge ourselves and you to pinpoint the self-learning you choose to bring into your learning zone in 2022. (universityaffairs.ca)
This will be most valuable learning you will prioritize all year - and the biggest gift you could provide for 2022 to your colleagues, your students, your discipline, and, most of all, yourself. (universityaffairs.ca)
The findings, due to be released February 2022, could also benefit low-income, First Nations, English language learners, new arrivals, and other marginalized student groups, as well as students at risk of developing learning disabilities. (halifaxlearning.com)

During a negatively reinforced sensory-guided locomotor action, known as signaled active avoidance, animals learn to avoid a harmful unconditioned stimulus (US) by moving away when signaled by a harmless conditioned stimulus (CS) that predicts the threat. (jneurosci.org)
As an essential hub for signaled active avoidance, neurons in the midbrain tegmentum process the conditioned cue that predicts the threat and discharge sharply relative to the speed or apparent urgency of the avoidance (learned) and escape (innate) responses. (jneurosci.org)
but midbrain circuits can mediate expression of signaled active avoidance ( Cohen and Castro-Alamancos, 2007 , 2010a , b ). (jneurosci.org)

Our Driver's Ed courses help students learn the rules of the road and teach accident-avoidance strategies. (americansafetyinstitute.com)
There was a famous story about fighter pilots who were trained for months in accident avoidance techniques. (clarejosa.com)

Using an equipped infrared depth sensor, the RoboMaster EP Core can receive information on an obstacle's distance in relation to itself while initiating obstacle avoidance during autonomous driving. (digitalreviews.net)

There is tax evasion and tax avoidance. (pkatzlegal.com)
Learn about options for preventing and reducing these tax avoidance and evasion activities at different levels of government. (cdc.gov)

In October of 2019, the Ontario Human Rights Human Rights Commission (OHRC) began an inquiry to determine whether or not learning-challenged students were facing human rights violations in the course of their education in public schools since learning to read is a fundamental right for all students. (halifaxlearning.com)

Outcomes: The workshop will promote the formation of a research community and generate and share ideas for culturally and contextually appropriate approaches to designing learning for improved livelihoods. (wikieducator.org)
Reinforcement Learning [1] is an adaptive process in which an agent uses its past experiences to improve the outcomes of its future decisions. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
The therapy weakens learned associations between feared stimuli and negative outcomes. (pathlightbh.com)

For example, exploratory approaches, such as low-fi prototyping and future workshops may be productive in cultures with low uncertainty avoidance indexes but can lead to tensions and misunderstandings elsewhere (Hofstede, Geert, 2001). (wikieducator.org)

When one of us messes up, let's share the lessons learned and move on. (digia.com)
The conference, one of a series hosted by Emory University (Atlanta, GA, USA), featured discussions of the response to and lessons learned from the 2010 cholera outbreak in Haiti and examined the role that US academic institutions can play in public health emergencies. (cdc.gov)
Challenges and opportunities faced during the cholera epidemic were highlighted, and lessons learned that could be broadly applied to other emergency settings were identified. (cdc.gov)
She shared lessons learned from her journey and how she's working to prepare the next generation to be sun safe. (medlineplus.gov)

For students with reading-related learning disabilities, reading poses additional challenges that impact the rest of their school performance. (halifaxlearning.com)
They are also reviewing school board policies and procedures as they relate to students with reading-related learning disabilities. (halifaxlearning.com)

It contributes to academic workplaces riven with preventable bitter interpersonal schisms, avoidance of decisions, and many bad decisions. (universityaffairs.ca)

IMSEAR at SEARO: Avoidance learning under hypo and hyperglycemia in rats. (who.int)
Learning behaviour under different glycaemic conditions were studied in albino rats using an avoidance box. (who.int)
Diabetic (alloxan) rats failed to improve learning. (who.int)
Avoidance learning in rats devoid of telencephalon plus thalamus. (bvsalud.org)
Rats chronically implanted with multi-electrode arrays into PFC and AMY were submitted to triadic learned helplessness model. (usp.br)

The role of exposure and inhibitory learning will be described, along with nuances to distinguish between therapeutic strategies that create more avoidance versus those that are effective. (bfe.org)

For a robust autonomous navigation system, the location, speed, and direction of the ship and other ships must be identified in real time, and collision avoidance should be performed at an appropriate time by considering the collision risk. (snu.ac.kr)

In this study, we proposed a collision avoidance method that quantitatively assesses the collision risk and then generates an avoidance path. (snu.ac.kr)
Subsequently, a path generation algorithm based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL) was proposed to determine the avoidance time and to generate an avoidance path complying the COLREGs for the most dangerous ship in terms of collision risk. (snu.ac.kr)

Symptoms of anxiety or frustration (breaking pencils, crumpling or tearing up homework papers, avoidance of academic work) should not be ignored because, for many children, these symptoms correlate with an untreated learning disorder and should not be regarded as only reflecting the presence of a comorbid disorder. (medscape.com)
Exposure therapy is an evidence-based therapeutic intervention designed to help people safely confront their fears and interrupt patterns of avoidance and anxiety. (pathlightbh.com)
Avoidance is a common safety-seeking or protective response in individuals struggling with anxiety, as well as people that have experienced trauma. (pathlightbh.com)
Exposure therapy has been shown to effectively address trauma by dissolving learned avoidance, anxiety and fear that often develops following a traumatic event. (pathlightbh.com)
By being gradually exposed to certain fears, a student learns to tolerate the original anxiety provoking situation and eventually change the avoidance pattern. (positivepsychologynews.com)

ABSTRACT This cross-sectional study investigated the mediatory role of experiential avoidance in the relationship between perceived stress and alexithymia with mental health. (who.int)
There was a significant positive correlation between perceived stress and experiential avoidance, and alexithymia and mental health problems (P (who.int)
The mediatory role of experiential avoidance was confirmed in such a way that the effects of alexithymia and perceived stress decreased. (who.int)
The RoboMaster EP Core is first product introduced under DJI Education, a new branch which was set-up to provide students with experiential learning opportunities in the areas of STEAM, robotics and engineering. (digitalreviews.net)

While there is considerable interest in the potential of new technologies to support international development and learning (e.g. www.olpc.org, http://www.bgdd.org ) there is also a growing recognition that technological interventions are likely to fail when they do not fit the intended contexts of use or address the needs and concerns of user communities. (wikieducator.org)
Participants will then be asked to form small teams focussed on outlining appropriate approaches to designing learning for specific rural and development contexts drawn from their own experience. (wikieducator.org)

In this workshop titled "Love and Trauma: Seeking Healthy Relationships", mental health professionals will learn more about the concepts of love addiction, love avoidance, and develop an understanding of how trauma impacts the ability to choose healthy relationships. (prweb.com)
Students will conduct reflection activities to measure and record information about the service-learning activities and their impacts. (cpalms.org)

Humans perseverate on punishment avoidance goals in multigoal reinforcement learning. (mpg.de)
From a Games Engineering perspective, we can already notice the similarities in terminology between Game Elements (Agent, Game World, etc.) and Reinforcement Learning Elements (Agent, Environment, etc. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
In Reinforcement Learning [2], the Agent interacts with the Environment by performing a specific set of Actions resulting in getting a Reward or a Punishment and, thus, reaching a new State. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
Introduction to reinforcement learning. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
Algorithms for reinforcement learning. (uni-wuerzburg.de)

Animals, including humans, readily learn to avoid harmful and threatening situations by moving in response to cues that predict the threat (e.g., fire alarm, traffic light). (jneurosci.org)
For instance, crossing a busy street is dangerous, but humans cope with this situation very effectively by relying on learned signals (streetlights) that predict the danger. (jneurosci.org)
Researchers at the Cornell University created an algorithm which enables robots to "coactively learn" from humans and make adjustments while an action is in progress. (robaid.com)

For adults learning to face fears of panic sensations and avoidance. (psychologytoday.com)

Environmental and exposure control (antigen avoidance) is the cornerstone of HP treatment, per Chandra and colleagues. (medscape.com)

Specifically, the study explores the relationship between culture and learning from the perspective of the mediator role of identity in two groups of student teachers from Israel and Spain. (openpraxis.org)

β-amyloid i.c.v injection induces learning deficits and a dysfunction of the cholinergic system. (neurofit.com)

This can be seen as a form of psychological safeguarding in the context of learning mathematics or mathematical safeguarding (see below). (scirp.org)
The psychological benefits of hardship are not just obvious, it is a fact of life and sustainable progress through a permanent learning curve. (aireas.com)

Shakisha finds her work with Halifax Learning to be rewarding for the opportunity she has to be a part of creating and maintaining transformative learning journeys for children and youth who have experienced trauma and/or marginalization. (halifaxlearning.com)

As with all learning disorders, differentiating situations in which children who have difficulty writing have other medical, developmental, physical, or sensory impairments, deficient educational opportunities, environmental deprivation, or cultural differences (including English as a second language), which may contribute to the poor achievement in written expression, is necessary. (medscape.com)
Evidence-based diagnosis and treatment for specific learning disabilities involving impairments in written and/or oral language. (medscape.com)
However, electrophysiological measures underlying these impairments are still lacking in the learned helplessness model. (usp.br)
Thus, we aimed to investigate the single-unit activity and the oscillatory correlates of such impairments during triadic learned helplessness model. (usp.br)

Vogeltanz-Holm et al (10) and Leshner et al (14) used cognitive and learning theories to propose further that advertisement effectiveness ratings and recall are greatest when advertisements elicit the emotional responses of fear or disgust or both. (cdc.gov)
In several studies, the role of the rodent basal ganglia in procedural/habit learning has been dissociated from the role of the hippocampal system in cognitive/declarative memory. (encyclopedia.com)

In contrast, procedural memory involves the acquisition, consolidation, and retrieval of information acquired in tasks involving various types of Pavlovian classical conditioning and instrumental/operant learning paradigms. (encyclopedia.com)

With well-rounded and thorough teaching resources and a competition kit that is continually updated, the RoboMaster EP Core expands the boundaries for students learning AI, engineering, programming, and robotics. (digitalreviews.net)

To verify the proposed method, we compared the collision avoidance method with the A* algorithm, which is a traditional path planning algorithm, and analyzed the results for various scenarios. (snu.ac.kr)

The key finding is that pigs who are exposed to mirrors for as few as five hours prior to a subsequent test, learn the concept that mirrors are not windows, showing the pig another pig behind a pane of glass, but rather are reflections of themselves, and of their surroundings. (typepad.com)
Won-Jae Lee, Myung-Il Roh, Hye-Won Lee, Jisang Ha, Yeong-Min Cho, Nam-Sun Son, "Detection and Tracking for the Awareness of Surroundings of a Ship Based on Deep Learning", Journal of Computational Design and Engineering, Vo. (snu.ac.kr)

AIS treatment draws extensively from avoidance reduction therapy, acceptance and commitment approaches, and rational emotive behavioral therapy. (stutteringtreatment.org)

A machine-learning mechanism of a disaster-avoidance system trains a knowledgebase to associate characteristics of a data-center component with corresponding degrees of vulnerability to failure and with remedial steps that may be undertaken to avoid failure or to reduce adverse effects of a failure. (justia.com)
In such cases, known disaster-avoidance and recovery technologies cannot reliably identify vulnerabilities or predict points of failure by merely automating or scaling up human methods of system maintenance. (justia.com)
Failure avoidance only causes us to limit ourselves. (cube214.com)

By learning something new, a little bit all the time. (digia.com)
Because small actions and the routine of learning are a way to make time in everyday life for new things as well. (digia.com)
At the same time, you learn by sharing. (digia.com)
Scientists have for the first time documented the actual formation of newly learned concepts inside thebrain . (blogspot.com)
While studying for a personal trainer certification in Rockaway, New Jersey you will learn that Certified Personal trainers should always be on time for their exercise routines. (expertrating.com)
See below to learn more about tax fraud to avoid making a mistake that leads to jail time or financial penalties. (pkatzlegal.com)
Most importantly, you will learn to manage your time effectively. (oaeducation.org)
Sustainability has evolved from simply meaning "the ability to be maintained over a period of time" to "the avoidance of the depletion of natural resources to maintain an ecological balance. (cdc.gov)

Three tools are introduced into the mathematics context that can be used better to understand learner responses to mathematical stimuli and to address adverse emotional states associated with learning mathematics. (scirp.org)

Ideally, clients interested in changing current patterns and learning life-long tools to maintain healthy, more adaptive ways of responding to triggers of their problems. (psychologytoday.com)

I take a holistic approach to avian cognition, using tightly controlled laboratory experiments to investigate how birds perceive both taste and toxicity, how defence chemicals influence aversion learning, and how educated birds use information about prey quality to make strategic-decisions about when to eat toxic prey. (ncl.ac.uk)
Demonstrate the ability to investigate significant needs, plan and implement service-learning projects to address them, evaluate project effectiveness, and present the information to an authentic audience. (cpalms.org)

In some cases of mild mental retardation, a specific learning disorder such as disorder of written expression could occur if the skills in writing are lower than would be expected given the potential intellectual functioning of the child. (medscape.com)

The present invention relates in general to information technology (IT) and in particular to preemptive disaster-avoidance and disaster-recovery technologies that predict and attempt to mitigate catastrophic failures before those failures occur. (justia.com)

Here, we review the effects of insulin on hippocampus, a brain area playing a pivotal role in learning and memory and primarily affected in Alzheimer's disease (AD) ( Bartsch and Wulff, 2015 ). (frontiersin.org)
Shakisha Downey's role has evolved at Halifax Learning. (halifaxlearning.com)
The CLINSEQ® Study seeks to learn about the role that your genes play in your health. (genome.gov)

Using calcium imaging fiber photometry in freely behaving mice, we show that PPT neurons sharply activate during presentation of the auditory CS that predicts the threat before onset of avoidance movement. (jneurosci.org)

This begins with a well-articulated onboarding process to learn internal systems, understand products and applications, gain customer insights, bond with team members and acclimate new sellers - why we are here, why our work contributes to company and customer success and how we conduct ourselves. (worldatwork.org)

Machine learning and Artificial intelligence (AI) techniques provide effectiveness for adaptation in network communication. (techscience.com)
This Special Issue look forward to state-of-the-art technologies for the SDN using machine learning techniques, covering new research results with a wide range of elements within the intelligent SDN technology for future generation networks. (techscience.com)
Learn the fundamentals in non-violent de-escalation and avoidance techniques, as well as basic defense tactics against assault on Nov 6! (eventbrite.com)
WellPower Coaching teaches fundamental non-violent de-escalation and avoidance techniques, as well as basic defense tactics against physical assault. (eventbrite.com)
You will learn interesting braking techniques, advanced turning methods, collision avoidance maneuvers, and many other essential tips and tricks for controlling a motorcycle. (thefoxmagazine.com)

Learning does not recognise boundaries, egos, or the avoidance of mistakes. (digia.com)

PPT neurons activate further during the succeeding CS-driven avoidance movement, or during the faster US-driven escape movement. (jneurosci.org)

Embodiments of the present invention include disaster-avoidance systems, methods, and computer program products for self-learning disaster-avoidance and disaster-recovery. (justia.com)
These methods constitute a formal framework but need to be endorsed by several empirical experiments, such as reversal learning, sequential decision-making or go-no-go tasks. (uni-wuerzburg.de)

Dominant working cultures repel academics from self-learning. (universityaffairs.ca)

It is amazing how such a simple, captivating children's story can so eloquently describe Pathological Demand Avoidance to both families and teachers, as well as to the child who has PDA. (jkp.com)

Recognizing Human Activities Using a Layered Markov Architecture , volume 7552 of Artificial Neural Networks and Machine Learning - ICANN 2012 . (uni-ulm.de)
Synthesis lectures on artificial intelligence and machine learning 4.1 (2010): 1-103. (uni-wuerzburg.de)

It also helps you in learning better control over your vehicle during unexpected occurrences. (thefoxmagazine.com)
Personal Learning Environments (PLE) is the approach to Technology Enhanced Learning (TEL), which focuses on the need to give students control and ownership of their learning process. (openpraxis.org)
2014 ). In this sense, Buchem ( 2012 ) observed the impact on learning afforded by feeling a sense of ownership especially related to intangible elements of Personal Learning Environments - such as control of content and data - rather than tangible elements, such as control over technical tools. (openpraxis.org)

Do they possess the desire and capacity to learn their sales skills, continually improve their effectiveness and apply their full efforts to sales success? (worldatwork.org)

Focus group questions asked respondents to describe experiences of bullying, how the bullying affected meeting their clinical learning objectives, and to provide suggestions to address bullying of student nurses in the clinical setting. (cdc.gov)

However, following several presentations of the tone-air puff contingency, the animal learns to produce the eye blink (i.e., a conditioned response) in the absence of the air puff. (encyclopedia.com)

Our philosophy is to help individuals maintain the confidence to speak without fear, struggle, or avoidance- whether they continue to stutter or not. (stutteringtreatment.org)

Learning disabilities, dyslexia, and vision. (medscape.com)
Dyslexia is a common learning difficulty that causes problems in writing, reading, and spelling. (learningsuccessblog.com)

Workshop participants will also learn new skills to help their clients begin their journey towards loving relationships, and develop the ability to distinguish triggers that lead to unhealthy connections. (prweb.com)
And they learned the Smart Cycling avoidance skills. (cabobike.org)
A diagnosis of mental retardation usually rules out any learning disorder, as the general deficit in intellectual skills is equivalent to a picture of overall low academic performance. (medscape.com)
Understanding how to help someone with a learning difficulty starts with understanding which micro-skills are affected. (learningsuccessblog.com)
When you learn which of the micro-skills is the problem, you will then be on your way to solving it. (learningsuccessblog.com)
Learning Skills - this subject makes it easier to adapt to the specificity and requirements of the English educational system. (oaeducation.org)
Academic, personal, and career skills needed for effective service-learning project implementation will be taught and applied through structured service projects that meet real school and/or community needs. (cpalms.org)
Demonstrate use of effective self-assessment and reflection strategies (e.g., verbal, written, artistic, and non-verbal activities to demonstrate learning, understanding, and changes in students' knowledge, skills and/or abilities). (cpalms.org)

With an understanding of the basics, existing resources and avoidance of potential pitfalls, physicians can learn to use social media and join the global nephrology community. (medscape.com)

In particular, insulin signaling has been demonstrated to impact on molecular cascades underlying hippocampal plasticity, learning and memory. (frontiersin.org)
Moreover, we will describe how alteration of brain insulin signaling develops (i.e., brain insulin resistance, hereinafter named BIR) and we will summarize the effects of BIR on hippocampal plasticity, learning and memory along with the link between BIR and AD. (frontiersin.org)

In addition, animals readily learn to cope with harmful and threatening situations that are predictable and/or controllable. (jneurosci.org)
When insulin and glucose levels were low after fasting, animals showed delay in avoidance learning. (who.int)
For standard operant conditioning and behavioral procedures en small laboratory animals. (panlab.com)

In essence, the Commission is working to determine if Ontario public schools are meeting the reading instructional needs of learning-disabled students. (halifaxlearning.com)

Deep learning (DL) is becoming a successful way to boost the SDN controller intelligence as a promising machine learning solution. (techscience.com)
No, the deep learning about yourself that must involve you getting personal, being vulnerable, and delving deep into your own discomfort and doubt. (universityaffairs.ca)
The costs of academia's avoidance of difficult self-learning are grave and incalculable, deep and broad. (universityaffairs.ca)
Students can collect attitude and video streaming data, then perform computer-based deep learning practices such as data analysis, model training and scene recognition, to create more custom AI functions with the RoboMaster EP Core. (digitalreviews.net)

Learn defensive driving strategies to avoid a future traffic ticket. (americansafetyinstitute.com)
Not unnaturally, most of us flinch, avoid, or otherwise run a mile at the prospect of facing down learning about those aspects of ourselves we most dread. (universityaffairs.ca)

Low Back Pain and Sciatica: Overview, Pathophysiology, Characteristics of Pain-Sensitive Structures (medscape.com)

Glucocorticoid Receptor Blockade Normalizes Hippocampal Alterations and Cognitive Impairment in Streptozotocin-Induced Type 1... (nature.com)

ASICMINER: Entering the Future of ASIC Mining by Inventing It (bitcointalk.org)

Fishes | Free Full-Text | A Global Assessment of Welfare in Farmed Fishes: The FishEthoBase (mdpi.com)

Fundamental research: Underlying mechanisms of disease and health - Leiden University (universiteitleiden.nl)

Intelligent Software-defined Networking (SDN) Technologies for Future Generation Networks (techscience.com)

Happy New Year and cheers to new learning! - University Affairs (universityaffairs.ca)

The Brain's Emotional Development | Dana Foundation (dana.org)

COVID-19 : COVID-19 resources (rch.org.au)

Playstyle Royale: Conflict Avoidance | Rock Paper Shotgun (rockpapershotgun.com)

Find Research outputs
- Heriot-Watt Research Portal — Find Research outputs - Heriot-Watt Research Portal (researchportal.hw.ac.uk)

Super Shamlal - Outside the Box Learning Resources (otb.ie)

Pleurobranchaea - Scholarpedia (scholarpedia.org)

Early Signs of Learning Disabilities in Preschool & Kindergarten (additudemag.com)

Sea Buckthorn Supplement: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects, Dose, Precautions & Warnings (medicinenet.com)

Research, Joint PhD opportunities, University of Melbourne (research.unimelb.edu.au)

Avoidance Personality Disorder | Social Anxiety Support Forum (socialanxietysupport.com)

SciTePress - Affiliation Profile (scitepress.org)

Anatomy2

Organisms1

Diseases1

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment3

Psychiatry and Psychology16

Phenomena and Processes1

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Health Care1

Improving social interaction in chronic psychotic using discriminated avoidance ("nagging"): experimental analysis and generalization. (1/2017)

Extinction of responding maintained by timeout from avoidance. (2/2017)

Blocking a selective association in pigeons. (3/2017)

Effects of promazine, chlorpromazine, d-amphetamine, and pentobarbital on treadle pressing by pigeons under a signalled shock-postponement schedule. (4/2017)

Improvement by nefiracetam of beta-amyloid-(1-42)-induced learning and memory impairments in rats. (5/2017)

Intrahippocampal infusion of interleukin-6 impairs avoidance learning in rats. (6/2017)

Behavioral changes and cholinesterase activity of rats acutely treated with propoxur. (7/2017)

Modeling geriatric depression in animals: biochemical and behavioral effects of olfactory bulbectomy in young versus aged rats. (8/2017)

Avoidance Learning

Electrolysis

Retention (Psychology)

Electroshock

Maze Learning

Behavior, Animal

Memory

Conditioning, Classical

Predatory Behavior

Learning Disorders

Amygdala

Hippocampus

Analysis of Variance

Learning

Problem-Based Learning

Time Factors

Rats, Wistar

Discrimination Learning

Verbal Learning

Reversal Learning

Serial Learning

Escape Reaction

Improving social interaction in chronic psychotic using discriminated avoidance ("nagging"): experimental analysis and generalization. (1/2017)

Extinction of responding maintained by timeout from avoidance. (2/2017)

Blocking a selective association in pigeons. (3/2017)

Effects of promazine, chlorpromazine, d-amphetamine, and pentobarbital on treadle pressing by pigeons under a signalled shock-postponement schedule. (4/2017)

Improvement by nefiracetam of beta-amyloid-(1-42)-induced learning and memory impairments in rats. (5/2017)

Intrahippocampal infusion of interleukin-6 impairs avoidance learning in rats. (6/2017)

Behavioral changes and cholinesterase activity of rats acutely treated with propoxur. (7/2017)

Modeling geriatric depression in animals: biochemical and behavioral effects of olfactory bulbectomy in young versus aged rats. (8/2017)

Effect of des-Tyr1-[gamma]-endorphin and des-enkephalin-[gamma]-endorphin on active and passive avoidance behavior of rats; A...

The influence of mouse genotype on passive avoidance learning and sub by A C. Church and R L. Sprott

The role of nitric oxide in passive avoidance learning

Complex effects of NMDA receptor antagonist APV in the basolateral amygdala on acquisition of two-way avoidance reaction and...

Effects of thioperamide on the cholinergic system and the step-through passive avoidance test in mice. | Semantic Scholar

Inhibitory avoidance learning in zebrafish (Danio rerio) | Noldus

Effects of 5-HT(1A) receptor agonists on the passive avoidance task in mice<...

Prior Learning of Relevant Nonaversive Information Is a Boundary Condition for Avoidance Memory Reconsolidation in the Rat...

Proteome Analysis of Rat Hippocampus Following Morphine-induced Amnesia and State-dependent Learning

Value generalization in human avoidance learning | eLife

Opiate antagonist facilitation of time-dependent memory processes: Dependence upon intact norepinephrine function<...

NAVER Academic | Double dissociation between the effects of muscarinic antagonists and benzodiazepine receptor agonists on the...

MyJurnal - Malaysian Citation Centre

OPUS Würzburg | Genome-Wide Association Analyses Point to Candidate Genes for Electric Shock Avoidance in Drosophila...

Navigational choice between reversal and curve during acidic pH avoidance behavior in Caenorhabditis elegans | BMC Neuroscience...

Plus it

Reciprocal changes in forebrain contents of glycogen and of glutamate/glutamine during early memory consolidation in the day...

experimental results cymbalta us patent Polarity references

Aversiveness of sounds in phocid seals: psycho-physiological factors, learning processes and motivation | Journal of...

Pacific carbon trust launches new streamlined project ...

Adding Value to the Facility Acquisition Process... [PDF]

Avoidance response - Wikipedia

Long-lasting enhancement of synaptic excitability of CA1/subiculum neurons of the rat ventral hippocampus by vasopressin and...

Expression of c-fos in mouse brain during acquisition of footshock avoidance task<...

Operant Conditioning and Avoidance Learning - Anxiety Disorders

MacOdrum Library - Carletons Institutional Repository: Effects of scopolamine and d-amphetamine on one-way, shuttle and...

Sex Differences in Aripiprazole Sensitization from Adolescence to Adul by Elizabeth Freeman, Joanne Lin et al.

Various Consequences: Defense Acquisitions: Where Should Reform Aim Next?

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2107.12353] Vincular Pattern Avoidance on Cyclic Permutations

Daniel Sidman - McSweeneys Internet Tendency

Avoiding life | Two Rooms Plus Utilities

Sensors | Free Full-Text | Driving-Simulator-Based Test on the Effectiveness of Auditory Red-Light Running Vehicle Warning...

Evidence shows that cardiovascular system disease (CHD) may be the most - Discovery of novel inhibitors for the treatment of...

Within An Pimples Crisis? Attempt These Concepts!

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Substratum Sensation: Internal Respiration - Embodied Wisdom

Detecting Virus-like Particles Using Transmission Electron Microscopy

Automated characterization of noise distributions in diffusion MRI data

professionalism - How representative of a company is a bad interview process? - The Workplace Stack Exchange

Browsing Pharmacology & Therapeutics by Author McGuire, Brian E.

Publikationen | Max-Planck-Institut für Kognitions- und Neurowissenschaften

Trouble in Paradise? The Paradise Papers and the Ethics of Lawful Tax Avoidance | Anita Ramasastry | Verdict | Legal Analysis...

Collision Avoidance Sensors Market Global Industry Analysis, Size and Forecast, 2017 to 2027

Paper Chase | HMS

Roadscope Lx - Buy Fcw,Ldws,Crash Avoidance Product on Alibaba.com

Loss Avoidance

Intracranial self-stimulation facilitates active-avoidance retention and induces expression of c-Fos and Nurr1 in rat brain...