The processes by which organisms use simple inorganic substances such as gaseous or dissolved carbon dioxide and inorganic nitrogen as nutrient sources. Contrasts with heterotrophic processes which make use of organic materials as the nutrient supply source. Autotrophs can be either chemoautotrophs (or chemolithotrophs), largely ARCHAEA and BACTERIA, which also use simple inorganic substances for their metabolic energy reguirements; or photoautotrophs (or photolithotrophs), such as PLANTS and CYANOBACTERIA, which derive their energy from light. Depending on environmental conditions some organisms can switch between different nutritional modes (autotrophy; HETEROTROPHY; chemotrophy; or PHOTOTROPHY) to utilize different sources to meet their nutrient and energy requirements.
The geographic area of the Great Lakes in general and when the specific state or states are not indicated. It usually includes Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin.
Science dealing with the properties, distribution, and circulation of water on and below the earth's surface, and atmosphere.
The geographical area of Africa comprising BURUNDI; DJIBOUTI; ETHIOPIA; KENYA; RWANDA; SOMALIA; SUDAN; TANZANIA; and UGANDA.
Frozen water crystals that fall from the ATMOSPHERE.
Any significant change in measures of climate (such as temperature, precipitation, or wind) lasting for an extended period (decades or longer). It may result from natural factors such as changes in the sun's intensity, natural processes within the climate system such as changes in ocean circulation, or human activities.
A functional system which includes the organisms of a natural community together with their environment. (McGraw Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Large natural streams of FRESH WATER formed by converging tributaries and which empty into a body of water (lake or ocean).

The PsbQ protein is required in Arabidopsis for photosystem II assembly/stability and photoautotrophy under low light conditions. (1/128)

RNA interference was used to simultaneously suppress the expression of the two genes that encode the PsbQ proteins of Photosystem II (PS II) in Arabidopsis thaliana, psbQ-1 (At4g21280) and psbQ-2 (At4g05180). Two independent PsbQ-deficient plant lines were examined. These plant lines produced little detectable PsbQ protein. Under normal growth light conditions, the wild type and mutant plants were visually indistinguishable. Additionally, analysis of steady state oxygen evolution rates and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics indicated little alteration of photosynthetic capacity in the mutant plants. No loss of other PS II proteins was evident. Interestingly, flash oxygen yield analysis performed on thylakoid membranes isolated from the mutant and wild type plants indicated that the oxygen-evolving complex was quite unstable in the mutants. Furthermore, the lifetime of the S2 state of the oxygen-evolving complex appeared to be increased in these plants. Incubation of the wild type and mutant plants under low light growth conditions led to a significantly stronger observed phenotype in the mutants. The mutant plants progressively yellowed (after 2 weeks) and eventually died (after 3-4 weeks). The wild type plants exhibited only slight yellowing after 4 weeks under low light conditions. The mutant plants exhibited a large loss of a number of PS II components, including CP47 and the D2 protein, under low light conditions. Additionally, significant alterations of their fluorescence characteristics were observed, including an increased FO and decreased FV, yielding a large loss in PS II quantum efficiency (FV/FM). Analysis of QA- decay kinetics in the absence of 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethyl urea indicated a defect in electron transfer from QA- to QB, whereas experiments performed in the presence of this herbicide indicated that the recombination rate between QA- and the S2 state was strongly retarded. These results indicate that the loss of the PsbQ protein induces significant changes in Photosystem II function, particularly in low light-grown plants, and that the PsbQ protein is required for photoautotrophic growth under low light conditions.  (+info)

Coupling of Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus methane formation and growth in fed-batch and continuous cultures under different H2 gassing regimens. (2/128)

In nature, H2- and CO2-utilizing methanogenic archaea have to couple the processes of methanogenesis and autotrophic growth under highly variable conditions with respect to the supply and concentration of their energy source, hydrogen. To study the hydrogen-dependent coupling between methanogenesis and growth, Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus was cultured in a fed-batch fermentor and in a chemostat under different 80% H(2)-20% CO2 gassing regimens while we continuously monitored the dissolved hydrogen partial pressures (pH2). In the fed-batch system, in which the conditions continuously changed the uptake rates by the growing biomass, the organism displayed a complex and yet defined growth behavior, comprising the consecutive lag, exponential, and linear growth phases. It was found that the in situ hydrogen concentration affected the coupling between methanogenesis and growth in at least two respects. (i) The microorganism could adopt two distinct theoretical maximal growth yields (YCH4 max), notably approximately 3 and 7 g (dry weight) of methane formed mol-1, for growth under low (pH2 < 12 kPa)- and high-hydrogen conditions, respectively. The distinct values can be understood from a theoretical analysis of the process of methanogenesis presented in the supplemental material associated with this study. (ii) The in situ hydrogen concentration affected the "specific maintenance" requirements or, more likely, the degree of proton leakage and proton slippage processes. At low pH2 values, the "specific maintenance" diminished and the specific growth yields approached YCH4 max, indicating that growth and methanogenesis became fully coupled.  (+info)

CO2 uptake and fixation by endosymbiotic chemoautotrophs from the bivalve Solemya velum. (3/128)

Chemoautotrophic symbioses, in which endosymbiotic bacteria are the major source of organic carbon for the host, are found in marine habitats where sulfide and oxygen coexist. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of pH, alternate sulfur sources, and electron acceptors on carbon fixation and to investigate which form(s) of inorganic carbon is taken up and fixed by the gamma-proteobacterial endosymbionts of the protobranch bivalve Solemya velum. Symbiont-enriched suspensions were generated by homogenization of S. velum gills, followed by velocity centrifugation to pellet the symbiont cells. Carbon fixation was measured by incubating the cells with (14)C-labeled dissolved inorganic carbon. When oxygen was present, both sulfide and thiosulfate stimulated carbon fixation; however, elevated levels of either sulfide (>0.5 mM) or oxygen (1 mM) were inhibitory. In the absence of oxygen, nitrate did not enhance carbon fixation rates when sulfide was present. Symbionts fixed carbon most rapidly between pH 7.5 and 8.5. Under optimal pH, sulfide, and oxygen conditions, symbiont carbon fixation rates correlated with the concentrations of extracellular CO(2) and not with HCO(3)(-) concentrations. The half-saturation constant for carbon fixation with respect to extracellular dissolved CO(2) was 28 +/- 3 microM, and the average maximal velocity was 50.8 +/- 7.1 micromol min(-1) g of protein(-1). The reliance of S. velum symbionts on extracellular CO(2) is consistent with their intracellular lifestyle, since HCO(3)(-) utilization would require protein-mediated transport across the bacteriocyte membrane, perisymbiont vacuole membrane, and symbiont outer and inner membranes. The use of CO(2) may be a general trait shared with many symbioses with an intracellular chemoautotrophic partner.  (+info)

Isolation and functional characterization of PgTIP1, a hormone-autotrophic cells-specific tonoplast aquaporin in ginseng. (4/128)

The suppression subtractive hybridization technique was used to identify differentially expressed genes between hormone-autotrophic and hormone-dependent Panax ginseng callus lines. A tonoplast intrinsic protein cDNA (PgTIP1) was found to be highly and specifically expressed in hormone-autotrophic ginseng cells, which was slightly up-regulated by cytokinin while significantly down-regulated when treated with auxin. PgTIP1 encodes a polypeptide of 250 amino acids which shows sequence and structure similarity with tonoplast aquaporins in plants. The water channel activity of PgTIP1 was demonstrated by its expression in Xenopus laevis oocytes. When over-expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana, PgTIP1 substantially altered the plant's vegetative and reproductive growth and development. Arabidopsis plants over-expressing PgTIP1 showed significantly enhanced seed size and seed mass plus greatly increased growth rate compared with those of the wild type. Moreover, the seeds from PgTIP1 over-expressing Arabidopsis had 1.85-fold higher fatty acid content than the wild-type control. These results demonstrate a significant function of PgTIP1 in the growth and development of plant cells.  (+info)

Characterization of a marine gammaproteobacterium capable of aerobic anoxygenic photosynthesis. (5/128)

Members of the gammaproteobacterial clade NOR5/OM60 regularly form an abundant part, up to 11%, of the bacterioplankton community in coastal systems during the summer months. Here, we report the nearly complete genome sequence of one cultured representative, Congregibacter litoralis strain KT71, isolated from North Sea surface water. Unexpectedly, a complete photosynthesis superoperon, including genes for accessory pigments, was discovered. It has a high sequence similarity to BAC clones from Monterey Bay [Beja O, Suzuki MT, Heidelberg JF, Nelson WC, Preston CM, et al. (2002) Nature 415:630-633], which also share a nearly identical gene arrangement. Although cultures of KT71 show no obvious pigmentation, bacteriochlorophyll a and spirilloxanthin-like carotenoids could be detected by HPLC analysis in cell extracts. The presence of two potential BLUF (blue light using flavin adenine dinucleotide sensors), one of which was found adjacent to the photosynthesis operon in the genome, indicates a light- and redox-dependent regulation of gene expression. Like other aerobic anoxygenic phototrophs (AAnPs), KT71 is able to grow neither anaerobically nor photoautotrophically. Cultivation experiments and genomic evidence show that KT71 needs organic substrates like carboxylic acids, oligopeptides, or fatty acids for growth. The strain grows optimally under microaerobic conditions and actively places itself in a zone of approximately 10% oxygen saturation. The genome analysis of C. litoralis strain KT71 identifies the gammaproteobacterial marine AAnPs, postulated based on BAC sequences, as members of the NOR5/OM60 clade. KT71 enables future experiments investigating the importance of this group of gammaproteobacterial AAnPs in coastal environments.  (+info)

Initial characterization of the photosynthetic apparatus of "Candidatus Chlorothrix halophila," a filamentous, anoxygenic photoautotroph. (6/128)

"Candidatus Chlorothrix halophila" is a recently described halophilic, filamentous, anoxygenic photoautotroph (J. A. Klappenbach and B. K. Pierson, Arch. Microbiol. 181:17-25, 2004) that was enriched from the hypersaline microbial mats at Guerrero Negro, Mexico. Analysis of the photosynthetic apparatus by negative staining, spectroscopy, and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated that the photosynthetic apparatus in this organism has similarities to the photosynthetic apparatus in both the Chloroflexi and Chlorobi phyla of green photosynthetic bacteria. The chlorosomes were found to be ellipsoidal and of various sizes, characteristics that are comparable to characteristics of chlorosomes in other species of green photosynthetic bacteria. The absorption spectrum of whole cells was dominated by the chlorosome bacteriochlorophyll c (BChl c) peak at 759 nm, with fluorescence emission at 760 nm. A second fluorescence emission band was observed at 870 nm and was tentatively attributed to a membrane-bound antenna complex. Fluorescence emission spectra obtained at 77 K revealed another complex that fluoresced at 820 nm, which probably resulted from the chlorosome baseplate complex. All of these results suggest that BChl c is present in the chlorosomes of "Ca. Chlorothrix halophila," that BChl a is present in the baseplate, and that there is a membrane-bound antenna complex. Analysis of the proteins in the chlorosomes revealed an approximately 6-kDa band, which was found to be related to the BChl c binding protein CsmA found in other green bacteria. Overall, the absorbance and fluorescence spectra of "Ca. Chlorothrix halophila" revealed an interesting mixture of photosynthetic characteristics that seemed to have properties similar to properties of both phyla of green bacteria when they were compared to the photosynthetic characteristics of Chlorobium tepidum and Chloroflexus aurantiacus.  (+info)

Insights into the autotrophic CO2 fixation pathway of the archaeon Ignicoccus hospitalis: comprehensive analysis of the central carbon metabolism. (7/128)

Ignicoccus hospitalis is an autotrophic hyperthermophilic archaeon that serves as a host for another parasitic/symbiotic archaeon, Nanoarchaeum equitans. In this study, the biosynthetic pathways of I. hospitalis were investigated by in vitro enzymatic analyses, in vivo (13)C-labeling experiments, and genomic analyses. Our results suggest the operation of a so far unknown pathway of autotrophic CO(2) fixation that starts from acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA). The cyclic regeneration of acetyl-CoA, the primary CO(2) acceptor molecule, has not been clarified yet. In essence, acetyl-CoA is converted into pyruvate via reductive carboxylation by pyruvate-ferredoxin oxidoreductase. Pyruvate-water dikinase converts pyruvate into phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), which is carboxylated to oxaloacetate by PEP carboxylase. An incomplete citric acid cycle is operating: citrate is synthesized from oxaloacetate and acetyl-CoA by a (re)-specific citrate synthase, whereas a 2-oxoglutarate-oxidizing enzyme is lacking. Further investigations revealed that several special biosynthetic pathways that have recently been described for various archaea are operating. Isoleucine is synthesized via the uncommon citramalate pathway and lysine via the alpha-aminoadipate pathway. Gluconeogenesis is achieved via a reverse Embden-Meyerhof pathway using a novel type of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase. Pentosephosphates are formed from hexosephosphates via the suggested ribulose-monophosphate pathway, whereby formaldehyde is released from C-1 of hexose. The organism may not contain any sugar-metabolizing pathway. This comprehensive analysis of the central carbon metabolism of I. hospitalis revealed further evidence for the unexpected and unexplored diversity of metabolic pathways within the (hyperthermophilic) archaea.  (+info)

Construction costs and physico-chemical properties of the assimilatory organs of Nepenthes species in Northern Borneo. (8/128)

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Species of the Nepenthaceae family are under-represented in studies of leaf traits and the consequent view of mineral nutrition and limitation in carnivorous plants. This study is aimed to complement existing data on leaf traits of carnivorous plants. METHODS: Physico-chemical properties, including construction costs (CC), of the assimilatory organs (leaf and pitcher) of a guild of lowland Nepenthes species inhabiting heath and/or peat swamp forests of Brunei, Northern Borneo were determined. KEY RESULTS: Stoichiometry analyses indicate that Nepenthes species are nitrogen limited. Most traits vary appreciably across species, but greater variations exist between the assimilatory organs. Organ mass per unit area, dry matter tissue concentration (density), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), carbon, heat of combustion (H(c)) and CC values were higher in the leaf relative to the pitcher, while organ thickness, potassium (K) and ash showed the opposite trend. Cross-species correlations indicate that joint rather than individual consideration of the leaf and the pitcher give better predictive relationships between variables, signalling tight coupling and functional interdependence of the two assimilatory organs. Across species, mass-based CC did not vary with N or P, but increases significantly with tissue density, carbon and H(c), and decreases with K and ash contents. Area-based CC gave the same trends (though weaker in strength) in addition to a significant positive correlation with tissue mass per unit area. CONCLUSIONS: The lower CC value for the pitcher is in agreement with the concept of low marginal cost for carnivory relative to conventional autotrophy. The poor explanatory power of N, P or N : P ratio with CC suggests that factors other than production of expensive photosynthetic machinery (which calls for a high N input), including concentrations of lignin, wax/lipids or osmoregulatory ions like K(+), may give a better explanation of the CC variation across Nepenthes species.  (+info)

Cloern, James E.; Cole, Brian E. & Oremland, Ronald S. (November 1983). "Autotrophic Processes in Meromictic Big Soda Lake, ...
There are both autotrophic and heterotrophic microorganisms in Laguna Negra. Autotrophs include cyanobacteria, as well as green ... Carmona, F.; Rivas, R.; Faramiñán, A. M. G.; Mancino, C.; Bayala, M.; Perez, W. (23 December 2019). "Evaporation process study ... Analyses of isotope fractionation processes at Laguna Negra also demonstrate that oxygen and carbon isotope variations are not ... sulfur deposits form during the process. Heterotrophic organisms include polysaccharide degrading and sulfate-reducing bacteria ...
The process of succession starts when autotrophic organisms start living in the rocks. Foliose lichens have leaf-like thalli, ... All these processes lead to formation of a little soil at the surface of these bare rocks. Animals such as spiders which can ... Their roots penetrate deep down, secrete acids and enhance the process of weathering. Leaf litter and death of herbs add humus ...
... is an aerobic process performed by small groups of autotrophic bacteria and archaea. The oxidation of ammonia ... The process of oxidation of ammonia by AMO is regarded with importance due to the fact that other processes require the co- ... and the process of N-heterocyclic compounds. The process for the latter of the three is not yet widely understood, but is ... Through the process, AMO is deactivated and one or more proteins is covalently bonded to the final product. This is found to be ...
nov., isolated from a biofilm on sulfur particles used in an autotrophic denitrification process". International Journal of ...
nov., isolated from a biofilm on sulfur particles used in an autotrophic denitrification process". International Journal of ...
nov., isolated from a biofilm on sulfur particles used in an autotrophic denitrification process". International Journal of ... autotrophic denitrification process), or sulfate, present in wastewater. The required service life of sewage infrastructures in ... Biofilms adhering to the surface of sewer walls could harbor autotrophic microbial colonies that can degrade sulfur concrete if ... However, since elemental sulfur itself participates in redox reactions used by some autotrophic bacteria to produce the energy ...
Though the A. aeolicus genome is dense, many enzyme subunits used for respiration processes are found in separate operons. Any ... Aquifex respiration and fixation pathways use similar pathways to that of other autotrophic bacteria. Carbon fixation is done ... Like other thermophilic bacteria, Aquifex has important uses in industrial processes. The genome of "A. aeolicus" has been ... many enzymes that are necessary for these gluconeogenic processes have not been identified in A. aeolicus suggesting a ...
Such a metabolic process had never before been observed in nature. This process is of astrobiological importance as an analogue ... Its autotrophic bacteria metabolize sulfate and ferric ions. According to geomicrobiologist Jill Mikucki at the University of ... The first part of this process may be related to the processes that form the Recurring Slope Lineae (RSLs) on Mars. This valley ... As it does so, sulfuric acid forms, and microbes accelerate the process. The high abundance of sulfur on Mars combined with ...
These are chemoorganotrophic, but still autotrophic in using CO2 as only carbon source. The biochemistry of this process is ... All of the processes described below are dissimilative, meaning that they are used during energy production and not to provide ... Nitrification is the process by which ammonia (NH 3) is converted to nitrate (NO− 3). Nitrification is actually the net result ... All autotrophic methanogens use a variation of the reductive acetyl-CoA pathway to fix CO2 and obtain cellular carbon. ...
"Kinetics of autotrophic denitrification process and the impact of sulphur/limestone ratio on the process performance". ... Wood AP, Kelly DP (1986). "Chemolithotrophic metabolism of the newly-isolated moderately thermophilic, obligately autotrophic ... both of which comprise autotrophic organisms dependent on thiosulfate, other sulfur oxyanions and sulfide as electron donors ... "Isolation and physiological characterization of Thiobacillus aquaesulis new-species a novel facultatively autotrophic moderate ...
Another well established pathway is via autotrophic denitrifying bacteria in the process termed the Anammox process. It is ... The Orbal process is a technology in practice today using this method. The other method is to produce an oxygen gradient within ... They are termed autotrophic because of their carbon source and termed aerobes because of their aerobic environment. The ... The process is dependent on floc characteristics, reaction kinetics, mass loading of readily biodegradable chemical oxygen ...
It is autotrophic for eight out of the ten essential amino acids that Buchnera produces. Although dependent, the H. defensa ... genome preserves more genes and pathways for cell structures and processes, than that of obligate symbionts. It also has ...
Key microbial processes in the nitrogen cycle can be influenced by gold and vice versa; for example autotrophic denitrifying ... These processes are influenced by various microbial populations and cycling of other elements such as carbon, nitrogen, and ... Overall, it is likely that gold mobility, biomineralization, and ore forming processes are impacted by the reactive nitrogen- ... Gold is important in the biotech field for applications such as mineral exploration, processing and remediation, development of ...
This is due to human activities such as forest clearing, soil denuding, and developments that destroy autotrophic processes. ... Since the process relies on oxygen to occur, this is referred to as aerobic respiration. Fermentation is another process in ... Due to these processes, the rate of nitrogen added to the soil is coupled with rates of microbial respiration. Studies have ... Soil respiration is a key ecosystem process that releases carbon from the soil in the form of CO2. CO2 is acquired by plants ...
... most commonly by heterotrophic or autotrophic (either photosynthetic or chemosynthetic) processes. Bacteria reproduce through ... Bacteria evolve in a similar process to other organisms. This is through the process of natural selection, whereby beneficial ... This prokaryote produces oxygen as a byproduct of its photosynthetic processes. They have made a distinctive impact in ... They utilise sunlight in order to drive their metabolic processes, which removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and ...
The majority of Chromatiaceae species utilize CO2 as the sole carbon source for autotrophic growth. They employ the Calvin ... Industrial Water Treatment Process Technology, Butterworth-Heinemann, pp. 65-144, ISBN 978-0-12-810391-3, retrieved 2021-12-28 ... it can be photoproduced through the process of photosynthesis; it can be produced together with CO2 via the complete ...
Ammonia oxidation in autotrophic nitrification is a complex process that requires several enzymes as well as oxygen as a ... This two-step process was described already in 1890 by the Ukrainian microbiologist Sergei Winogradsky. Ammonia can be also ... Nitrification in nature is a two-step oxidation process of ammonium (NH+4) or ammonia (NH3) to nitrite (NO−2) and then to ... The second step of this process has recently fallen into question. For the past few decades, the common view was that a ...
This feature allows autotrophic bacteria to grow on CO2 without light at a fast growth rate. Since H2 can be made efficiently ... In 1781, processes for preparing highly concentrated forms of yeast were established. Research on Single Cell Protein ... Like plants, autotrophic microorganisms are capable of growing on CO2. Some of them, such as bacteria with the Wood-Ljungdahl ... Autotrophic SCP represents options of fail-safe mass food-production which can produce food reliably even under harsh climate ...
However, ammonium can also be oxidised to nitrate (via nitrite), by the process of nitrification. This is performed by ... These forms are utilised by autotrophic phytoplankton to synthesise organic molecules such as amino acids (the building blocks ... New production depends on mixing and vertical advective processes associated with the circulation. Bio-available nitrogen ... different bacteria in two stages : NH3 + O2 → NO2− + 3H+ + 2e− NO2− + H2O → NO3− + 2H+ + 2e− Crucially, this process is ...
This process has been observed on all rimmed carbonate platforms in the Quaternary, such as the Great Bahama Bank. Flat topped ... Despite being autotrophic, red algae are mostly associated to heterotrophic carbonate producers, and need less light than green ... This process accumulates coral debris in clinoforms. The maximum angle that a slope can achieve is the settlement angle of ... This process accumulates coral debris in clinoforms. Clinoforms are beds that have a sigmoidal or tabular shape, but are always ...
Organic matter produced by autotrophic bacteria is then used to support the upper trophic levels. The hydrothermal vent fluid ... Different microbial species use different chemical species of an element in their metabolic processes. For example, some ... Hydrothermal vents produce high quantities of methane which can originate from both geological and biological processes. ... Symbiotic chemosynthesis is an important process for hydrothermal vent communities. At warm vents, common symbionts for ...
There are three autotrophic pathways, which all result in depletion of carbon dioxide and favouring calcium carbonate ... Many of these limitations can be overcome through the use of MICP through bio-stimulation - a process through which indigenous ... All three principal kinds of bacteria that are involved in autotrophic production of carbonate obtain carbon from gaseous or ... The calcium carbonate heals the concrete by solidifying on the cracked concrete surface, mimicking the process by which bone ...
... and more than one enzymatic pathway has been identified in the reduction process. The denitrification process does not only ... although autotrophic denitrifiers have also been identified (e.g., Thiobacillus denitrificans). Denitrifiers are represented in ... Denitrification processes are also used in the treatment of industrial wastewater. Many denitrifying bioreactor types and ... The process is performed primarily by heterotrophic bacteria (such as Paracoccus denitrificans and various pseudomonads), ...
The amount of autotrophic bacteria is small compared to heterotrophic bacteria (the opposite of autotrophic bacteria, ... Bacteria are responsible for the process of nitrogen fixation, which is the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into nitrogen- ... Autotrophic bacteria derive their energy by making their own food through oxidation, like the Nitrobacter species, rather than ...
This process is known as kleptoplasty, from the Greek, kleptes, thief. In 1977 J.M Whatley proposed a plastid development cycle ... They are also the site of manufacture and storage of important chemical compounds used by the cells of autotrophic eukaryotes. ... some organisms sequester ingested plastids in a process that is known as kleptoplasty. A. F. W. Schimper was the first to name ... which said that plastid development is not always unidirectional but is instead a complicated cyclic process. Proplastids are ...
... separated heterotrophic-autotrophic reactions'. This process eliminates chemical treatment and denitrification step. TSB ... NEERI paid special attention to cost-effective process development. The processes for defluoridation, removal of heavy metals ... The scientists are trying to develop a cost-effective process for bio-methanation of municipal solid waste with two-phase ... Recently, the Institute has developed a two-stage bio-oxidation (TSB) process for treatment of high COD and ammonia bearing ...
The growth of A. caldus is enhanced when the air used for sparging, a process by which bubbles of a chemically inert gas are ... Reduced sulfur compounds are used by A. caldus to support its autotrophic growth in an environment which lacks sunlight. ...
The cell containing the carriers (caps) can be flooded as needed; in this way the depuration process control is obtained and it ... then the decrease of COD and BOD concentration and then the development of autotrophic bacteria. They belong to the ... The rotating cell biofilm reactor (RCBR) is a new type of biological process based on biofilm active sludge used in wastewaters ... responsible of the depuration process. These plastic elements are contained in a cilindric permeable cell, which is like the ...
Such a metabolic process had never before been observed in nature. A puzzling observation is the coexistence of ferrous and ... Chemical and microbial analyses both indicate that a rare subglacial ecosystem of autotrophic bacteria developed that ... The analyses of stable isotopes of water allow, in principle, to distinguish between both processes as long as there is no ...
Steroids are also broken down by some bacteria in a process similar to beta oxidation, and this breakdown process involves the ... Hügler M, Wirsen CO, Fuchs G, Taylor CD, Sievert SM (May 2005). "Evidence for autotrophic CO2 fixation via the reductive ... The metabolism of a cell achieves this by coupling the spontaneous processes of catabolism to the non-spontaneous processes of ... This process is often coupled to the conversion of carbon dioxide into organic compounds, as part of photosynthesis, which is ...
About eighty to ninety percent of the energy is expended for the organism's life processes or is lost as heat or waste. Only ... which are autotrophic organisms that partially obtain organic matter from sources other than the atmosphere, and complete ... Many of the Earth's microorganisms are involved in the formation of minerals in a process called biomineralization. Bacteria ... Processes by which nutritional substances are grown, raised, packaged and distributed Food web of the San Francisco Estuary ...
van Wolferen M, Ma X, Albers SV (2015). "DNA Processing Proteins Involved in the UV-Induced Stress Response of Sulfolobales". J ... Sulfolobales are metabolically dependent on sulfur: heterotrophic or autotrophic, their energy comes from the oxidation of ... hypothesized that the UV-inducible DNA transfer process and subsequent homologous recombinational repair represents an ...
They use the energy from light to carry out various cellular metabolic processes. It is a common misconception that phototrophs ... A photolithoautotroph is an autotrophic organism that uses light energy, and an inorganic electron donor (e.g., H2O, H2, H2S), ... or as a source for later catabolic processes (e.g. in the form of starches, sugars and fats). All phototrophs either use ... Most of the well-recognized phototrophs are autotrophic, also known as photoautotrophs, and can fix carbon. They can be ...
For instance, in the obligately autotrophic strain MS-81-1c RuBisCO cannot be repressed, while in the facultatively autotrophic ... This oxidation process can provide energy for maintenance and assimilatory purposes and is helpful to reduce stored sulfur when ... In Beggiatoa group are present both autotrophic and heterotrophic metabolisms. Autotrophic Beggiatoa carry out the CO2 fixation ... Autotrophic strains coming from a single filament isolation on agar can easily be maintained and propagated in sulfide gradient ...
The Florida brickell-bush is a plant and as such it is autotrophic and photosynthesizes to produce glucose (a type of sugar) ... Drying is required to prevent the formation of ice crystals during the freezing process, since ice crystals damage seeds. This ... frost resistant qualities in various plants found that the seeds of the Florida brickell-bush cannot survive the drying process ...
This process is known as acetogenesis, and is different from acetate fermentation, although both occur in the absence of ... "Autotrophic carbon fixation in archaea". Nature Reviews Microbiology. 8 (6): 447-460. doi:10.1038/nrmicro2365. ISSN 1740-1534. ...
The process first makes a 4-carbon intermediate compound, which is shuttled into a site of C3 photosynthesis then de- ... While many autotrophic bacteria and archaea fix carbon via the reductive acetyl CoA pathway, the 3-hydroxypropionate cycle, or ... No Michaelis complex is formed in this process. Hydration of this ketone results in an additional hydroxy group on C3, forming ... To assist with this buffering process, the newly-evolved enzyme was found to have further developed a series of stabilizing ...
This process, called the biological pump, is one reason that oceans constitute the largest carbon sink on Earth. However, it ... are autotrophic prokaryotic or eukaryotic algae that live near the water surface where there is sufficient light to support ... In the process of photosynthesis, phytoplankton release molecular oxygen (O 2) into the water as a waste byproduct. It is ... The process which transfers this material to the atmosphere causes further enrichment in both bacteria and viruses in ...
Like all autotrophic plants, seagrasses photosynthesize, in the submerged photic zone, and most occur in shallow and sheltered ... In addition to the ancestral traits of land plants one would expect habitat-driven adaption process to the new environment ... Orth, Robert J.; Harwell, Matthew C.; Inglis, Graeme J. (2006). "Ecology of Seagrass Seeds and Seagrass Dispersal Processes". ... Earth Surface Processes and Landforms. 42 (1): 42-54. Bibcode:2017ESPL...42...42V. doi:10.1002/esp.3932. S2CID 130872337. ...
This cycling process allows the transfer and use of biologically important nutrients across different trophic levels found ... Prokaryote biomass in the oceans is clustered in the surface waters and is dominated by autotrophic and heterotrophic bacteria ... The cellulose degradation process is hydrolytic, either through a weathering or liquid-type breakdown mechanism. Cytophaga ...
Other autotrophic genera such as Thiobacillus and Annwoodia oxidize reduced inorganic sulfur ions such as thiosulfate and ... Members of the genus Nitrosomonas oxidize ammonium ions into nitrite, - a process called nitrification - and are important in ... Gallionella and Ferriphaselus oxidise ferrous iron (Fe2+) ions into ferric hydroxide (Fe(OH)3) during autotrophic growth, and ... are critical to biogeochemical cycling of the elements and many species have key roles in principal biochemical processes. ...
In the mixotrophic culture, the sum of heterotrophic and autotrophic growth separately was equal to the mixotrophic growth. ... Process Biochemistry. 49 (1): 154-159. doi:10.1016/j.procbio.2013.10.008. Chaiklahan R, Chirasuwan N, Bunnag B (April 2012). " ... "Stability of phycocyanin extracted from Spirulina sp.: Influence of temperature, pH and preservatives". Process Biochemistry. ...
Ostwald process. 2 NH 3 + 2 O 2 → N 2O + 3 H 2O Hydroxylammonium chloride reacts with sodium nitrite to give nitrous oxide. If ... Specifically, they include: aerobic autotrophic nitrification, the stepwise oxidation of ammonia (NH 3) to nitrite (NO− 2) and ... The emission of the gas to the atmosphere is limited greatly by its consumption inside the cells, by a process catalysed by the ... Natural processes that generate nitrous oxide may be classified as nitrification and denitrification. ...
Rittmann holds six patents on the MBfR, which is commercialized at the ARo (Autotrophic Reduction of) technology by APTwater. ... Mathematical modeling is a powerful tool to integrate the several microbiological, chemical, and transport processes that occur ... and it has been expanded and applied to all types of microbiological processes. Being major sinks for electrons and carbon, SMP ... using molecular microbial ecology to understand and manage microbial communities in a wide range of microbiological processes ...
... can effect moss fertilization and that this process is mediated by moss-emitted scents. Male and female fire moss, for example ... Oklahoma Since moss gametophytes are autotrophic they require enough sunlight to perform photosynthesis. Shade tolerance varies ...
This process accelerated in the Devonian. The eastern branch of the Paleo-Tethys was fully opened when South China and Annamia ... Devonian reefs were either microbial reefs built up mostly by autotrophic cyanobacteria, or coral-stromatoporoid reefs built up ... powering over older oceanic crust in the process. Further west was a small ocean (the Turkestan Ocean), followed by the larger ... weathering processes, and marine anoxic events". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 353 ( ...
Dissolved oxygen concentrations can be altered by physical, chemical, and biological processes and reaction. Physical processes ... Photosynthesis by autotrophic organisms, such as phytoplankton and aquatic algae, increases dissolved oxygen concentrations ... This approach considers processes in inland waters on a global scale, like the role of inland aquatic ecosystems in global ... In addition to natural processes, human activities strongly influence the chemical composition of aquatic systems and their ...
Most oligotrophs live in lakes where water helps support biochemical processes for growth and survival. Below are some ... Crooked Lake is an ultra-oligotrophic glacial lake with a thin distribution of heterotrophic and autotrophic microorganisms. ...
... and anchoring to flagellar apparatus might serve in orientation of the nucleus in relation to flagella during processes of ... Only one species is known to be exclusively autotrophic (P. geminatum), while some lack the plastid and are completely ...
... are often lost through processes such as grazing, parasitism, and viral lysis. Marine scientists have slowly begun ... Callieri, Cristiana; Stockner, John G (2002). "Freshwater autotrophic picoplankton: a review". Journal of Limnology. 1 (61): 1- ... Plankton § Size groups Callieri, Cristiana; Stockner, John G. (1 February 2002). "Freshwater autotrophic picoplankton: a review ... In order to differentiate between autotrophic picoplankton and heterotrophic picoplankton, the autotrophs could have ...
Tremblay P, Grover R, Maguer JF, Legendre L, Ferrier-Pagès C (2012) "Autotrophic carbon budget in coral tissue:a new 13C-based ... and process suspended sediment grains to extract such prey. Collar bodies digest food and distribute it wrapped in vesicles ... cells that can transform into other types and that often migrate between the main cell layers and the mesohyl in the process. ...
Karenia are considered autotrophic organisms primarily, but some have been found to be mixotrophic as they can ingest microbes ... They have been observed to be in what appears to be the process of conjugation, a type of unicellular sexual reproduction. They ...
They sustain different geochemical and microbial processes that are reflected in a complex mosaic of habitats inhabited by a ... nonpigmented mats were found to be an autotrophic sulfur bacteria Beggiatoa species, and the orange mats possessed an ... the process remains imperfect and confirmation of living communities requires direct visual techniques. Cold seep deposits are ... "Hydrocarbons Associated with Fluid Venting Process in Monterey Bay, California". USGS Pacific Coastal & Marine Science Center. ...
2) Through these processes, carbon is made bioavailable to the microbial metabolic "factory" and subsequently is either (3) ... As shown in the diagram, carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is fixed by plants (or autotrophic microorganisms) and added to soil ... In this sense, the process aids in recycling of organic matter and nutrients and mediates the transfer of energy above the ... was processed by marine bacteria. In 1974, Larry Pomeroy published a paper in BioScience entitled "The Ocean's Food Web: A ...
A closed ecological system must contain at least one autotrophic organism. While both chemotrophic and phototrophic organisms ... Hypothetical planetary engineering process Chang'e 4 - Chinese lunar lander Space stations and habitats in fiction - Fictional ... Ecological processes, Systems ecology, All stub articles, Ecology stubs, Outer space stubs). ...
The kcat/Km of urease in the processing of urea is 1014 times greater than the rate of the uncatalyzed elimination reaction of ... Marsh KL, Sims GK, Mulvaney RL (November 2005). "Availability of urea to autotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria as related to ... By promoting the formation of calcium carbonate, ureases are potentially useful for biomineralization-inspired processes. ...
The effect of ibuprofen (IBU) on the sulfur autotrophic denitrification (SAD) process and microbial toxic response mechanism ... Effect of ibuprofen on the sulfur autotrophic denitrification process and microbial toxic response mechanism. ... Effect of ibuprofen on the sulfur autotrophic denitrification process and microbial toxic ... at low IBU concentrations and decreased at high IBU concentrations during the sulfur autotrophic nitrate reduction process. ...
... a sequential process (heterotrophic up-flow column and ... ... The alkalinity requirement in the autotrophic process was ... A combo technology of autotrophic and heterotrophic denitrification processes for groundwater treatment Cemile Şeyma Arzum ... A combo technology of autotrophic and heterotrophic denitrification processes for groundwater treatment Cemile Şeyma Arzum ... A combo technology of autotrophic and heterotrophic denitrification processes for groundwater treatment[J]. 中国化学工程学报, 2021, 37( ...
Article Processing Charges Pay an Invoice Open Access Policy Contact MDPI Jobs at MDPI ... Most autotrophic and some heterotrophic bacterial species express bacterial microcompartments (BMCs) to carry out specialized ... Open Access Policy Institutional Open Access Program Special Issues Guidelines Editorial Process Research and Publication ... Some MOs are involved in nucleic acid processing, and therefore, have been observed to concentrate nucleic acids from the ...
These autotrophic processes depend on inorganic compounds photosynthetically reduced in the upper ocean and therefore do not ... Yet, these autotrophic processes channel additional energetic resources from the upper ocean into the deep-oceanic ... supports the role of a multitude of autotrophic processes in subsidizing the heterotrophic metabolism supported by export flux ... 9 can be mediated by physical processes such as subduction10,11 or biological processes, such as the daily migration of ...
Changes in exports, sources, and metabolism of carbon influence ecosystem processes, food webs, and greenhouse gases. We ... Negative contributions from metabolism occurred on days when streams were autotrophic. All streams were heterotrophic during 60 ...
Evolution is the process through which populations that are geographically apart come to share morphological characteristics. ... Distantly related plants that have transitioned from autotrophic to parasitic states are just one example of many occurrences ... Parallel evolution is the process of evolution in which two or more species that coexist in the same environment develop ... Parallel evolution is the process of evolution in which two or more species that coexist in the same environment develop ...
Autotrophic Processes G2.111.87.70 G2.111.71 G2.149.115.70 G3.87 G3.495.153 Avalanches G1.311.340.111 G1.311.85 G1.595.340.111 ... Physicochemical Processes G2.149.767 G2.842.750 Physiological Processes G7.700 Physostigmine D3.438.473.402.545 D3.633.100.473. ... Cell Growth Processes G4.299.233 G4.161 G7.700.320.249.410 G7.345.249.410 Cell Hypoxia G3.495.278.300 G3.197.300 G4.299.305.300 ... End Processing G2.111.87.750.225 G2.111.760.225 G2.149.115.750.225 G3.839.225 G3.495.839.225 G5.308.700.225 G5.355.315.700.225 ...
... information storage and processing, red: metabolism, white: poorly characterized, green: cellular processes and signaling). ... This lifestyle is in distinct contrast with the physiology of their methanogenic ancestors, which were autotrophic, and lived ... proposed either a sudden and massive introgressive process [5, 6], or a more gradual and piecemeal process [7, 8] to explain ... information storage and processing, green: cellular processes and signaling, white: poorly characterized). The Euclidean ...
Lithotrophic Processes Processes, Autotrophic Processes, Lithotrophic Autotrophy - Related but not broader or narrower Concept ... Growth, Autotrophic. Growth, Lithotrophic. Lithotrophic Growth. Lithotrophic Processes. Lithotrophy. Processes, Autotrophic. ... Autotrophic Processes - Preferred Concept UI. M0489595. Scope note. The processes by which organisms use simple inorganic ... The processes by which organisms use simple inorganic substances such as gaseous or dissolved carbon dioxide and inorganic ...
... isotope tracers and analytical chemical tools to understand processes such as nitrogen fixation, autotrophic carbon fixation, ...
Thus, this study investigates these processes in a typical Caribbean shallow water reef lagoon close to Puerto Morelos (Mexico ... while the benthic community was generally net autotrophic. Tropical storm impact was clearly detectable by change in monitored ... tropical coral reef environments tightly coupled benthic-pelagic material fluxes represent key biogeochemical processes ...
... in the Bay of Villefranche to assess the episodic and seasonal variation of autotrophic and heterotrophic ecosystem processes. ... A 18 month study was performed in the Bay of Villefranche to assess the episodic and seasonal variation of autotrophic and ... Autotrophic and heterotrophic metabolism of microbial planktonic communities in an oligotrophic coastal marine ecosystem: ... Autotrophic and heterotrophic metabolism of microbial planktonic communities in an oligotrophic coastal marine ecosystem: ...
d)Autotrophic nutrition.. 7.Roots of the plants absorb water from the soil through the process of,(a)Diffusion. (b) ... Define this process .what is its importance ? How do stomata help in this process? ... After solving this question , students can improve the chapter Life process , and can prepare for board examination. ... This assignment belongs to the class 10th science chapter-6 , Life process. ...
What is autotrophic nutrition?. Ans. The mode of nutrition by which some living organisms like green plants make their food ... Ans.The process by which green plants take in organic substances (carbon dioxide and water) from the outside surroundings and ... from inorganic substances by trapping light energy from the Sun, is called autotrophic nutrition. ...
This thesis examined some of the microbial aspects of this process in a larger scale. We also exploited cultivation techniques ... All the studied systems were autotrophic bioreactors, i.e. SCN- served as the sole source of carbon. After an introductory ... Heavy metals that coexist with gold in minerals are released during ore processing. While the presence and the quantity of ... It was hypothesised that microorganisms play a role in this process; however, REEs were considered biologically inert at the ...
Hematite Processing by Flotation - Mineral Processing. The Flowsheet for Hematite Benefication Process by Flotation The above ... Several other microorganisms including autotrophic and heterotrophic bacteria ... ... Hematite Processing by Flotation - Mineral Processing & Metallurgy. The Flowsheet for Hematite Benefication Process by ... Flow Chart For Processing Of Iron From Magnetite. Magnetite Iron Ore Beneficiation Process Flow Chart. Extraction Of Iron From ...
This external digestion is different from the internal digestion (ingestion) of most animals and the autotrophic life style of ... Their significance among other things as regulator and promoter of evolutionary processes is immense. Many people view this ...
What are the differences between autotrophic nutrition and heterotrophic nutrition? (3 marks) ... life-process-question-part2. Life Process Test paper Life Process Test paper Life Process Test paper Life Process Test paper ... Life Process Test paper Life Process Test paper scceducation ssc sample paper ssc question paper notice arithmetic category10 ... Life Process (unsolved Test paper) Author: Dynamo , June 27, 2015 , No Comments , ...
Autotrophic nature of algae makes these organisms ideal and economical. Spirulina meseima, chlorella, Microoclanum, Euglena and ... It illustrates methods of upstream and downstream process of algal protein production and flow chart of Spirulina protein ... 2. Can be recovered by single filtration which reduces the processing costs. ...
Stimulates exchange processes in all layers of the skin. Thanks to the autotrophic system, it regenerates individual skin ... Stimulates exchange processes in all layers of the skin. Thanks to the autotrophic system, it regenerates individual skin ... Stimulates exchange processes in all layers of the skin. Thanks to the autotrophic system, it regenerates individual skin ... Hydrates and nourishes the skin while eliminating the aging process. Through the skin, it has a beneficial effect on the immune ...
Some of the bacteria are autotrophic, i.e., they synthesise their own food. They may be photosynthetic autotrophic or ... Protists reproduce asexually and sexually by a process involving cell fusion and zygote formation. ... The mode of nutrition of organisms in this group can be either by synthesizing their own food (autotrophic) or getting it from ... Their mode of nutrition can be autotrophic or heterotrophic.. *Members of Protista are primarily aquatic. Some have flagella or ...
Simultaneous nitrate and perchlorate reduction in elemental sulfur based autotrophic and heterotrophic processes ... Simultaneous nitrate and perchlorate reduction in elemental sulfur based autotrophic and heterotrophic processes ... and perchlorate reduction from drinking water by elemental sulfur-based autotrophic and mixotrophic denitrification processes ... BIOHYDROMETALLURGICAL TECHNOLOGIES, VOL 1: BIOLEACHING PROCESSES, No. null, 1993, s. 605-612 ...
Autotrophic nitrification is the process by which bacteria oxidize ammonium into nitrates for energy using oxygen and inorganic ... The first process is known as autotrophic nitrification and the second as heterotrophic denitrification. ... This process uses the metabolic residues of nitrification (NO3) and reduces them to free nitrogen through an anaerobic process ... oxygen in the medium and lets remember that the oxygenic processes described during the autotrophic nitrification process ...
Agricultural Runoff Utilizing a Hydrilla verticillata-Sulfur-Based Heterotrophic and Autotrophic Denitrification Process ... Process of Developing Genetically Modified (GM) Crops. *AUDA-NEPAD and partners provide technical assistance to Institutional ... It is normal for the structural characteristics (morphology) and fundamental chemical processes (physiology) of xerophytes to ...
Photosynthesis in Higher Plants - This chapter talks about autotrophic nutrition and pigments involved in the process of ... Digestion and Absorption - Talks about the various processes that go on inside the digestive system. ... This chapter in the NCERT Biology Class 11 book talks about the phases of plant growth and the developmental processes that are ...
... the N2O production rates via autotrophic nitrification process (N2Oa) were significantly and positively correlated with ... The contribution of autotrophic nitrification in KF ranged from 11% to 21%, while the contribution in RF significantly ... 15N gas flux method 15N tracing 18O acetylene inhibition Agrobacterium tumefaciens autotrophic nitrification clay mineralogy ... Microbial denitrification is the primary driver of nitrogen losses from the plant-soil system and the key process for the ...
Much of his work is focused on plant physiology and soil-plant water relations, and how key mechanistic processes can be better ... Functional variability in specific root respiration translates to autotrophic differences in soil respiration in a temperate ...
5. The name of the process with the help of which carbon and energy requirements of an autotrophic organism are fulfilled, is ... What is the process of reproduction in amoeba? What are the advantages of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction? ...
Autotrophic (photolithotrophs and chemolithotrophs) and heterotrophic bacteria have also been isolated from stonework and since ... Biomineralization processes in the fountains of the La Alhambra, Granada, Spain. International Biodeterioration and ... Zammit G, Sanchez-Moral S, Albertano P. Bacterially mediated mineralization processes lead to biodeterioration of artworks in ... Particularly, algae can induce carbonate precipitation on stone substrates and their metabolic processes also generate organic ...
... in an anaerobic condition by the process of reduction. Heterotrophic bacteria and autotrophic denitrifiers are responsible for ... By the process of nitrification, the ammonium ion, NH4+, is converted into nitrates, NO3-, that are absorbed by plants. First, ... The Processes Involved in a Nitrogen Cycle. The atmosphere is the largest reservoir of nitrogen. Other pools of this element ... Refer to the simple diagram of this cycle for a better understanding of the processes and steps that occur in the nitrogen ...
  • Effect of ibuprofen on the sulfur autotrophic denitrification process and microbial toxic response mechanism. (bvsalud.org)
  • The effect of ibuprofen (IBU) on the sulfur autotrophic denitrification (SAD) process and microbial toxic response mechanism were investigated. (bvsalud.org)
  • By this way, sulfur based autotrophic denitrification rate was decreased and the effluent sulfate concentrations were controlled. (cip.com.cn)
  • A combo technology of autotrophic and heterotrophic denitrification processes for groundwater treatment[J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2021, 37(9): 121-127. (cip.com.cn)
  • A combo technology of autotrophic and heterotrophic denitrification processes for groundwater treatment[J]. 中国化学工程学报, 2021, 37(9): 121-127. (cip.com.cn)
  • 1] E. Sahinkaya, N. Dursun, Sulfur-oxidizing autotrophic and mixotrophic denitrification processes for drinking water treatment:Elimination of excess sulfate production and alkalinity requirement, Chemosphere 89(2012) 144-149. (cip.com.cn)
  • The first process is known as autotrophic nitrification and the second as heterotrophic denitrification. (intelligon.com)
  • The second metabolic process involved in improving water quality is denitrification, carried out by bacteria of the Pseudomonas, Thiobacillus, and Rhizobium genera, among others. (intelligon.com)
  • The processes by which organisms use simple inorganic substances such as gaseous or dissolved carbon dioxide and inorganic nitrogen as nutrient sources. (nih.gov)
  • What controls the release of dissolved organic matter by either phytoplankton or bacteria, and how these substances affect the nutrition and aggregation of pelagic organisms needs further investigation in order to improve the description of biogeochemical turnover processes and their sensitivities to increasing pCO 2 (Figure 4). (bioacid.de)
  • The mode of nutrition by which some living organisms like green plants make their food from inorganic substances by trapping light energy from the Sun, is called autotrophic nutrition. (chivukulas.com)
  • Autotrophic nature of algae makes these organisms ideal and economical. (biotechnologynotes.com)
  • The mode of nutrition of organisms in this group can be either by synthesizing their own food ( autotrophic ) or getting it from the environment ( heterotrophic ). (pmfias.com)
  • They may be photosynthetic autotrophic or chemosynthetic autotrophic (metabolic synthesis of organic compounds by living organisms using energy derived from reactions involving inorganic chemicals). (pmfias.com)
  • it starts with autotrophic organisms building long-chain carbon molecules from CO 2 , which will be the energetic source for animals and other organisms to make other kinds of matters, such bones and muscles. (bvsalud.org)
  • Moreover, the variation content of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide ( NADH ) and nitrate reductase showed that metabolic activity increased at low IBU concentrations and decreased at high IBU concentrations during the sulfur autotrophic nitrate reduction process. (bvsalud.org)
  • 12. What are the differences between autotrophic nutrition and heterotrophic nutrition? (scc-education.com)
  • The system was operated for 249 days with simulated and real groundwater for nitrate removal at concentrations varying from 25 to 145 mg·L -1 NO 3 - -N. The contribution of heterotrophic process to total nitrate removal in the system was controlled by dozing the ethanol considering the nitrate concentration. (cip.com.cn)
  • Some of the bacteria are autotrophic , i.e., they synthesise their own food. (pmfias.com)
  • Chemosynthetic autotrophic bacteria oxidise various inorganic substances such as nitrates, nitrites and ammonia and use the released energy for their ATP production. (pmfias.com)
  • The first phase of autotrophic nitrification is the oxidation of ammonium to nitrite (NO2) catalyzed by ammonium-oxidizing bacteria, mainly belonging to the Nitrosomonas, Nitrosococcus, and Nitrosospira genera. (intelligon.com)
  • The second phase of autotrophic nitrification is the reduction of nitrites to nitrates (NO3) carried out by nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, mainly represented by the genera Nitrobacter, Nitrospina, Nitrococcus, and Nitrospira. (intelligon.com)
  • Negative contributions from metabolism occurred on days when streams were autotrophic. (umd.edu)
  • In my research group we rely on a combination of molecular (DNA and RNA-based) methods, isotope tracers and analytical chemical tools to understand processes such as nitrogen fixation, autotrophic carbon fixation, mercury methylation (and demethylation) and degradation of biopolymers and organic pollutants. (slu.se)
  • The process by which green plants take in organic substances (carbon dioxide and water) from the outside surroundings and convert these into carbohydrates in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll is called photosynthesis. (chivukulas.com)
  • In oligotrophic tropical coral reef environments tightly coupled benthic-pelagic material fluxes represent key biogeochemical processes sustaining high benthic productivity and overall ecosystem functioning. (awi.de)
  • A 18 month study was performed in the Bay of Villefranche to assess the episodic and seasonal variation of autotrophic and heterotrophic ecosystem processes. (archives-ouvertes.fr)
  • Distantly related plants that have transitioned from autotrophic to parasitic states are just one example of many occurrences of parallel evolution in plants. (tutorialspoint.com)
  • The improvement in water quality provided in a BTS is mainly due to the ability of certain bacterial groups to reduce ammonium (NH4) - which in high concentrations is toxic to shrimp- into nitrogen (N). This reduction occurs through two metabolic processes carried out by different bacterial groups. (intelligon.com)
  • 2004). These processes, if representative for pelagic autotrophic communities, could give rise to a biologically driven feedback to the climate system. (bioacid.de)
  • During the weathering of granite, a major component of Earth's continental crust, many elements are redistributed from metastable minerals into new, more stable ones, a critical process in soil formation. (edu.au)
  • 7.Roots of the plants absorb water from the soil through the process of,(a)Diffusion. (physicsclasses.online)
  • b)Name the components of food that are transported by the living tissues.Our body produces various waste products through different processes. (physicsclasses.online)
  • This study proposed the hormesis toxic response mechanism of the SAD process to IBU exposure. (bvsalud.org)
  • In this study, a sequential process (heterotrophic up-flow column and completely mixed membrane bioreactors) was proposed combining advantages of the both processes. (cip.com.cn)
  • Thus, this study investigates these processes in a typical Caribbean shallow water reef lagoon close to Puerto Morelos (Mexico) over the course of the tropical storm "Dolly" (2008). (awi.de)
  • Chrome ore beneficiation flow sheet may 15 2018 beneficiation theory of chrome ore mining plants after crushing by the crushers chrome grains are liberated or dissociated from the gangue and the mixed ore can be fed to the separation processing for. (arenainn.it)
  • This external digestion is different from the internal digestion (ingestion) of most animals and the autotrophic life style of plants. (smnk.de)
  • This assignment belongs to the class 10th science chapter-6 , Life process. (physicsclasses.online)
  • After solving this question , students can improve the chapter Life process , and can prepare for board examination. (physicsclasses.online)
  • Parallel evolution is the process of evolution in which two or more species that coexist in the same environment develop identical adaptations or traits. (tutorialspoint.com)
  • Ans -It is the process of producing new organism of the same species b. (scc-education.com)
  • Our findings characterize the pelagic lagoon compartment as an overall heterotrophic environment, while the benthic community was generally net autotrophic. (awi.de)
  • expression of physiological processes adapted to promote dome vital need or purpose. (nih.gov)
  • Contrasts with heterotrophic processes which make use of organic materials as the nutrient supply source. (bvsalud.org)