Nerves and plexuses of the autonomic nervous system. The central nervous system structures which regulate the autonomic nervous system are not included.

Sympathetic inhibition of ascending and descending interneurones during the peristaltic reflex in the isolated guinea-pig distal colon. (1/140)

1. We investigated the effects of sympathetic nerve stimulation within ascending and descending reflex pathways underlying the peristaltic reflex in the guinea-pig distal colon. 2. A three-chambered partitioned bath was used to divide a segment of distal colon into stimulation, recording and intermediate regions. The effects of lumbar colonic nerves (LCN) could be localized to the intermediate region by surgical lesions of the mesentery and by application of guanethidine (3 microM) to the stimulation and recording chambers. 3. Brush stroking the mucosa in the anal and oral stimulation chambers elicited a synchronous contraction of the longitudinal muscle (LM) and circular muscle (CM) oral to, and transient relaxation of the LM and CM anal to, the stimulus, respectively. 4. After N omega-nitro-L-arginine (L-NA; 100 microM) in the oral and intermediate chambers, mucosal stimulation in the oral chamber elicited a prolonged descending inhibitory and excitatory complex in both the LM and CM in the anal recording chamber. This was blocked by hexamethonium (300 microM), which did not affect the transient relaxation response recorded in control conditions. 5. Stimulation of the LCN (1200 pulses, 20 Hz), delivered to the intermediate region, abolished the oral contraction and the L-NA-induced anal complex in both the LM and CM, but was without effect on the transient hexamethonium-resistant anal relaxation. These effects of LCN stimulation were reversed by phentolamine (3 microM) or yohimbine (100 nM), but not propranolol (10 microM), when added to the intermediate chamber. 6. LCN stimuli (2-20 Hz, 600 micros pulses) directed to the recording chamber elicited synchronous relaxations in the LM and CM that were unaffected by hexamethonium (300 microM), but were reduced by yohimbine and usually blocked by the further addition of propranolol (10 microM). 7. In conclusion, sympathetic nerve stimulation inhibits orally and anally projecting cholinergic interneurones underlying the peristaltic reflex in the distal colon. In addition, the LM and CM relax synchronously following release of sympathetic neurotransmitter, over a range of stimulus frequencies.  (+info)

Changes in peptidergic nerves in the atrioventricular valves of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: a confocal microscopy study. (2/140)

Several previous studies have described the distribution of neuropeptide Y (NPY)-like and calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP)-like immunoreactive nerve fibres in the atrioventricular valves of humans and various animals. It has been suggested that peptide-containing nerve fibres might have motor or sensory roles in valvular function. Although there is evidence that diabetic changes occur in the sympathetic (preganglionic and postganglionic), parasympathetic (vagal) and peptidergic nerves of rats, the changes of peptide-containing nerve fibres in the atrioventricular valves of the diabetic rat have not been studied. The distribution, relative density and staining intensity of NPY-like and CGRP-like immunoreactive nerve fibres in the mitral and tricuspid valves were studied in whole mount preparations using confocal microscopy with a computer-assisted image analysis system. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic and control rats were sacrificed at 12 and 24 months. The nerve staining intensity within the tricuspid valve was greater than the mitral valve in both control (P < 0.01) and diabetic (P < 0.001) rats. Nerve density in the anterior leaflet was greater than the posterior leaflet of the mitral valve. However, the anterior leaflet of the mitral and tricuspid valves showed a decreased number of nerve fibres, followed by drastic reduction in the staining intensities for both the peptides studied (P < 0.001) in the long-term diabetic rat. The decrease in the number of nerve fibres that follow the mechanical interruption of nerves raises the possibility that cycles of degeneration may occur. It is suggested that these peptide-containing nerve fibres in the atrioventricular valves may be involved in valvular dysfunction in the diabetic state.  (+info)

Neuronal pathways for the propagation of herpes simplex virus type 1 from one retina to the other in a murine model. (3/140)

Herpetic retinitis in humans is characterized by a high frequency of bilateral localization. In order to determine the possible mechanisms leading to bilateral retinitis, we studied the pathways by which herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is propagated from one retina to the other after intravitreal injection in mice. HSV-1 strain SC16 (90 p.f.u.) was injected into the vitreous body of the left eye of BALB/c mice. Animals were sacrificed 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 days post-inoculation (p.i.). Histological sections were studied by immunochemical staining. Primary retinitis in the inoculated eye (beginning 1 day p.i.) was followed by contralateral retinitis (in the uninoculated eye) starting at 3 days p.i. Infected neurons of central visual pathway nuclei (lateral geniculate nuclei, suprachiasmatic nuclei and pretectal areas) were detected at 4 days p.i. Iris and ciliary body infection was minimal early on, but became extensive thereafter and was accompanied by the infection of connected sympathetic and parasympathetic pathways. The pattern of virus propagation over time suggests that the onset of contralateral retinitis was mediated by local (non-synaptic) transfer in the optic chiasm from infected to uninfected axons of the optic nerves. Later, retinopetal transneuronal propagation of the virus from visual pathways may have contributed to increase the severity of contralateral retinitis.  (+info)

Changes in catecholaminergic pathways innervating paraventricular nucleus and pituitary-adrenal axis response during morphine dependence: implication of alpha(1)- and alpha(2)-adrenoceptors. (4/140)

We have previously shown an enhanced activity of the pituitary-adrenal response in rats dependent on morphine, which occurs concomitantly with an increase in the activity of catecholaminergic terminals in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN). The present study examined the possible role of noradrenergic system in the regulation of opioid withdrawal-induced activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis activity. Rats were given morphine by s.c. implantation of morphine pellets for 7 days. On the seventh day, morphine withdrawal was induced by s.c. administration of naloxone (1 mg/kg), rats were sacrificed 30 min later, and changes in noradrenaline (NA) turnover (estimated by the 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylen glycol/NA ratio) and in dopamine turnover (estimated by the 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid/dopamine ratio) in the PVN (HPLC with electrochemical detection) and in plasma corticosterone levels were determined. We found a parallelism between the behavioral signs of withdrawal, an increased activity of noradrenergic and dopaminergic terminals in the PVN, and the hypersecretion of the HPA axis. Pretreatment with alpha(1)- or alpha(2)-adrenoceptor antagonists prazosin or yohimbine, respectively, 15 min before naloxone administration significantly prevented the withdrawal-induced corticosterone hypersecretion and attenuated the behavioral signs of morphine withdrawal. In addition, biochemical analysis indicated that both prazosin and yohimbine completely abolished the withdrawal-induced increase in NA turnover in the PVN. In contrast, neither prazosin nor yohimbine modified the hyperactivity of dopaminergic terminals in the PVN during withdrawal. Collectively, these data suggest that the secretory activity in the HPA axis after morphine withdrawal results from an increase in noradrenergic activity that is dependent on alpha(1)- and alpha(2)-adrenoceptor activation. Activation of dopaminergic pathways might not contribute to the neuroendocrine response during withdrawal.  (+info)

The soma and neurites of primary afferent neurons in the guinea-pig intestine respond differentially to deformation. (5/140)

1. Intrinsic primary afferent neurons in the small intestine are exposed to distortion of their processes and of their cell bodies. Recordings of mechanosensitivity have previously been made from these neurons using intracellular microelectrodes, but this form of recording has not permitted detection of generator potentials from the processes, or of responses to cell body distortion. 2. We have developed a technique to record from enteric neurons in situ using patch electrodes. The mechanical stability of the patch recordings has allowed recording in cell-attached and whole cell configuration during imposed movement of the neurons. 3. Pressing with a fine probe initiated generator potentials (14 +/- 9 mV) from circumscribed regions of the neuron processes within the same myenteric ganglion, at distances from 100 to 500 microm from the cell body that was patched. Generator potentials persisted when synaptic transmission was blocked with high Mg2+, low Ca2+ solution. 4. Soma distortion, by pressing down with the whole cell recording electrode, inhibited action potential firing. Consistent with this, moderate intra-electrode pressure (10 mbar; 1 kPa) increased the opening probability of large-conductance (BK) potassium channels, recorded in cell-attached mode, but suction was not effective. In outside-out patches, suction, but not pressure, increased channel opening probability. Mechanosensitive BK channels have not been identified on other neurons. 5. The BK channels had conductances of 195 +/- 25 pS. Open probability was increased by depolarization, with a half-maximum activation at a patch potential of 20 mV and a slope factor of 10 mV. Channel activity was blocked by charybdotoxin (20 nM). 6. Stretch that increased membrane area under the electrode by 15 % was sufficient to double open probability. Similar changes in membrane area occur when the intestine changes diameter and wall tension under physiological conditions. Thus, the intestinal intrinsic primary afferent neurons are detectors of neurite distortion and of compression of the soma, these stimuli having opposite effects on neuron excitability.  (+info)

Acute sarin exposure causes differential regulation of choline acetyltransferase, acetylcholinesterase, and acetylcholine receptors in the central nervous system of the rat. (6/140)

Acute neurotoxic effects of sarin (O:-isopropylmethylphosphonoflouridate) in male Sprague-Dawley rats were studied. The animals were treated with intramuscular (im) injections of either 1 x LD(50) (100 microg/kg), and sacrificed at 0. 5, 1, 3, 6, 15, or 20 h after treatment, or with im injections of either 0.01, 0.1, 0.5, or 1 x LD(50) and sacrificed 15 h after treatment. Plasma butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and brain regional acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were inhibited (45-55%) by 30 min after the LD(50) dose. BChE in the plasma and AChE in cortex, brainstem, midbrain, and cerebellum remained inhibited for up to 20 h following a single LD(50) treatment. No inhibition in plasma BChE activity was observed 20 h after treatment with doses lower than the LD(50) dose. Midbrain and brainstem seem to be most responsive to sarin treatment at lower doses, as these regions exhibited inhibition (approximately 49% and 10%, respectively) in AChE activity following 0.1 x LD(50) treatment, after 20 h. Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity was increased in cortex, brainstem, and midbrain 6 h after LD(50) treatment, and the elevated enzyme activity persisted up to 20 h after treatment. Cortex ChAT activity was significantly increased following a 0.1 x LD(50) dose, whereas brainstem and midbrain did not show any effect at lower doses. Treatment with an LD(50) dose caused a biphasic response in cortical nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (m2-mAChR) ligand binding, using [(3)H]cytisine and [(3)H]AFDX-384 as ligands for nAChR and mAChR, respectively. Decreases at 1 and 3 h and consistent increases at 6, 15, and 20 h in nAChR and m2-mAChR were observed following a single LD(50) dose. The increase in nAChR ligand binding densities was much more pronounced than in mAChR. These results suggest that a single exposure of sarin, ranging from 0.1 to 1 x LD(50), modulates the cholinergic pathways differently and thereby causes dysregulation in excitatory neurotransmission.  (+info)

Genes, lineages and the neural crest: a speculative review. (7/140)

Sensory and sympathetic neurons are generated from the trunk neural crest. The prevailing view has been that these two classes of neurons are derived from a common neural crest-derived progenitor that chooses between neuronal fates only after migrating to sites of peripheral ganglion formation. Here I reconsider this view in the light of new molecular and genetic data on the differentiation of sensory and autonomic neurons. These data raise several paradoxes when taken in the context of classical studies of the timing and spatial patterning of sensory and autonomic ganglion formation. These paradoxes can be most easily resolved by assuming that the restriction of neural crest cells to either sensory or autonomic lineages occurs at a very early stage, either before and/or shortly after they exit the neural tube.  (+info)

Dominant anti-vagal effect of pentobarbital on cardiac responses to intracardiac autonomic nerve stimulation in the dog. (8/140)

The isolated canine atrium was perfused by heparinized blood of the donor dog. An adequate dose of pentobarbital that induced a potent hypotension in the donor did not produce any significant change in the atrial rate and developed tension in the isolated atrium perfused with donor's blood. Pentobarbital in doses that modified neither cardiac responses to intracardiac adrenergic nerve stimulation nor exogenously given norepinephrine or acetylcholine significantly inhibited intracardiac vagal responses. From these results, it is concluded that a large dose of pentobarbital has a dominant antivagal effect in the heart.  (+info)

These include endocrine, autonomic, and behavioral functions. It produces a wide variety of hormones. These control body ... While the stria terminalis follows a C-shaped pathway along the lateral ventricles, the ventral amygdalofugal pathway is more ... is one of the three major efferent pathways of the amygdala, meaning that it is one of the three principal pathways by which ... but they need to interrupt both the mammillothalamic tract and the amygdalofugal pathway in order to do so. Thus, both pathways ...
Love, J. A.; Yi, E.; Smith, T. G. (2007). "Autonomic pathways regulating pancreatic exocrine secretion". Autonomic Neuroscience ... Veelken, R.; Vogel, E. -M.; Hilgers, K.; Amann, K.; Hartner, A.; Sass, G.; Neuhuber, W.; Tiegs, G. (2008). "Autonomic Renal ... The conditioned response happens in the brain with the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus providing the output pathway to ... Edwards, A. V.; Jones, C. T. (1993). "Autonomic control of adrenal function". Journal of Anatomy. 183 (Pt 2): 291-307. PMC ...
These neural pathways regulate autonomic states and the expression of emotional and social behaviour. Thus, according to this ... 2003). "The autonomic nervous system and its coordination by the brain". Handbook of affective sciences. London: Oxford ... The traditional view of the autonomic nervous system presents a two-part system: the sympathetic nervous system, which is more ... Stressful events disrupt the rhythmic structure of autonomic states, and subsequently, behaviors. Since the vagus plays such an ...
However, the molecular pathways leading to the manifestation of the diseases are not fully understood. Therefore, the potential ... Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type III (Familial dysautonomia) ... which later was changed to hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy (HSAN) given the substantial autonomic involvement in ... Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type I (HSAN I) or hereditary sensory neuropathy type I (HSN I) is a group of ...
They connect with reticular neurons important in visceral and autonomic activity. The tract is a continuation of the medial ... In human neuroanatomy, the hypothalamotegmental tract is a pathway from the hypothalamus to the reticular formation. Axons from ... "Whiplash-Associated Autonomic Effects", Whiplash Injuries: Diagnosis and Treatment, Milano: Springer Milan, pp. 107-115, doi: ...
Horner's syndrome is a disorder resulting from damage to the sympathetic autonomic nervous pathway in the head. Damage to the ... The ANS is composed of pathways that lead to and from ganglia, groups of nerve cells. A ganglion allows a large amount of ... This pathway of SCG innervation is shown through stimulation of the cervical sympathetic nerve, which invokes action potentials ... The superior cervical ganglion (SCG) is part of the autonomic nervous system (ANS); more specifically, it is part of the ...
Wang, Shih-chun (1940). The autonomic centers and descending pathways in the brain stem and spinal cord (Ph.D. thesis). ... Wang, S.C.; Ranson, S.W. (1939). "Autonomic responses to electrical stimulation of the lower brain stem". Journal of ...
Baroreflex and autonomic pathways normally ensure that blood pressure is maintained despite various stimuli, including postural ... Jenkins ZM, Eikelis N, Phillipou A, Castle DJ, Wilding HE, Lambert EA (2021). "Autonomic Nervous System Function in Anorexia ... orthostatic hypotension with the BP going both high and low at times due to autonomic dysfunction Type 2 diabetes Vascular ...
The regulator mechanism works primarily through the autonomic nervous system and includes endocrine, neural, and perception ... pathways. This mechanism prepares the individual for coping with environmental stimuli. The cognator mechanism includes ...
A full study of the pathways regulating pain is needed.[citation needed] Hyperalgesia Hypoalgesic effect of swearing Vane, J. ( ... There are many diseases like this, and they all fall under the category of hereditary sensory autonomic neuropathies. ... Alternatively, some diseases affect other functions in the body, which can activate the pathways that cause hypoalgesia. This ... Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathies (HSAN), e.g. CIPA, are hereditary disorders that are characterized by ...
The trigeminal V1 (fifth cranial) nerve bears the sensory pathway of the tear reflexes. When the trigeminal nerve is cut, tears ... The great (superficial) petrosal nerve from cranial nerve VII provides autonomic innervation to the lacrimal gland. It is ... Felicia B Axelrod; Gabrielle Gold-von Simson (October 3, 2007). "Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathies: types II, III, ...
These two autonomic effector pathways reduce heart rate and vasomotor tone, leading to a reduction in blood pressure. Effects ... an afferent limb which activates central nervous system pathways that in turn exert two different but synergistic autonomic ... Autonomic Neuroscience. 201: 60-67. doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2016.07.010. PMID 27539629. S2CID 3777576. (Articles needing ...
The polyvagal theory is another way to describe the pathways in the autonomic nervous system that mediate HRV. The polyvagal ... HRV measures fluctuations in autonomic inputs to the heart rather than the mean level of autonomic inputs. Thus, both ... Variation in the output of these two branches of the autonomic system produces HRV and activity in the prefrontal cortex can ... The neurovisceral integration is a model of HRV that views the central autonomic network as the decision maker of cognitive, ...
Illigens, Ben M. W.; Gibbons, Christopher H. (April 2009). "Sweat testing to evaluate autonomic function". Clinical Autonomic ... Efferent pathways then descend ipsilaterally from the hypothalamus through the pons and medulla to preganglionic sympathetic ... However, further testing is needed to establish normative data and to confirm its utility in autonomic testing. As the test ... Tsementzis, S A; Hitchcock, E R (1 April 1985). "The spoon test: a simple bedside test for assessing sudomotor autonomic ...
In the autonomic nervous system, fibers from the ganglion to the effector organ are called postganglionic fibers. The ... acetylcholine is the primary neurotransmitter responsible for the communication between neurons on the parasympathetic pathway ... In both divisions of the autonomic nervous system, postganglionic neurons express nicotinic acetylcholine receptors to receive ... Autonomic nervous system, All stub articles, Neuroanatomy stubs). ...
The autonomic nervous system is unique in that it requires a sequential two-neuron efferent pathway; the preganglionic neuron ... The autonomic nervous system is regulated by integrated reflexes through the brainstem to the spinal cord and organs. Autonomic ... Motor neurons of the autonomic nervous system are found in ''autonomic ganglia''. Those of the parasympathetic branch are ... The hypothalamus, just above the brain stem, acts as an integrator for autonomic functions, receiving autonomic regulatory ...
It functions as a pathway for the innervation in the mucosa layer of the gastrointestinal wall. The ENS is capable of ... The enteric nervous system (ENS) or intrinsic nervous system is one of the main divisions of the autonomic nervous system (ANS ... Auerbach's plexus, also known as the myenteric plexus, is a collection of unmyelinated fibers and postganglionic autonomic cell ... 2015). "Genetics and pharmacogenetics of aminergic transmitter pathways in functional gastrointestinal disorders". ...
It is caused by problems in autonomic pathways such as damage to the lateral grey column. Progressive autonomic failure is a ... and the autonomic nervous system (involuntary processes). The autonomic nervous system is divided into the parasympathetic ... 2006). Autonomic Dysfunction After Spinal Cord Injury. Progress in Brain Research. Vol. 152. doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(05)x5200-1 ... This same study found that an average of 75 percent of the lateral column cells were lost in people with progressive autonomic ...
Johnson AK, Gross PM (May 1993). "Sensory circumventricular organs and brain homeostatic pathways". FASEB Journal. 7 (8): 678- ... Ganong WF (2000). "Circumventricular organs: definition and role in the regulation of endocrine and autonomic function". ...
Neural pathways regulate brain-body interactions and allow to sense and control its body and interact with the environment. ... The brain and spinal cord are interwoven with the body and interact with other organ systems through the somatic, autonomic and ... Shokri-Kojori, Ehsan; Tomasi, Dardo; Volkow, Nora D (2018). "An Autonomic Network: Synchrony Between Slow Rhythms of Pulse and ... "Cerebral correlates of autonomic cardiovascular arousal: a functional neuroimaging investigation in humans". The Journal of ...
Pathways from central nucleus of the amygdala to downstream areas then control defensive behavior (freezing) and autonomic and ... These pathways converge in the lateral amygdala. Long-term potentiation (LTP) and synaptic plasticity that enhances the ... It is also clear that synaptic plasticity at conditioned stimulus input pathways to the lateral amygdala does occur with fear ... Therefore, these receptors are crucial to the metabolic pathway of processing and eliciting for the percept of fear. It is ...
He identified pathways of inactivation of catecholamines in which a membrane transport protein and an enzyme are arranged in ... Trendelenburg's main field of research was the pharmacology of the autonomic nervous system. He discovered new receptors at ... He termed such pathways "inactivating systems". From 1975 to 1979 he was president of the German Pharmacological Society and ... autonomic ganglion cells. He clarified mechanisms of hypersensitivity and subsensitivity to drugs, and his review of this ...
... and both the central and autonomic nervous systems. The circulating gut hormones that regulate many pathways in the body can ... Varela L, Horvath TL (2012). "Leptin and insulin pathways in POMC and AgRP neurons that modulate energy balance and glucose ... the activity of the parasympathetic autonomic nervous system), stimulation of the thyroid (thyroxine regulates the metabolic ... receptors work to inhibit appetite upon distention of the GI tract by sending signals along the vagus nerve afferent pathway ...
It has a role in modulation of fear and the integration of autonomic and neuroendocrine responses to specific sensory stimuli ... The incertohypothalamic pathway is a short dopaminergic pathway from the zona incerta to the hypothalamus of the brain. ... v t e (Central nervous system pathways, All stub articles, Neuroanatomy stubs). ...
... the eccrine sweat glands are the principal conductive pathways. These sweat glands are innervated by the sympathetic autonomic ... For instance, in the cholinergic pathway (the dominant pathway), this leads to the following sequence, or activation cascade: ... The autonomic nervous system (ANS), of which sudomotor nerves are an integral part, is the primary extrinsic control mechanism ... Cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) describes a dysfunction of the ANS and its regulation of the cardiovascular system. CAN is ...
The PNS can be divided into the autonomic and somatic nervous system. The autonomic nervous system can be divided into the ... The spinal cord is the pathway for sensory input to the brain and motor output from the brain. The brain is responsible for ... The somatic nervous system engages in voluntary reactions, and the autonomic nervous system engages in involuntary reactions. ...
Nociplastic pain is caused by an altered function of pain-related sensory pathways in the periphery and the central nervous ... Andrade A, Vilarino GT, Serafim TT, Pereira Júnior AA, de Souza CA, Sieczkowska SM (October 2019). "Modulation of Autonomic ... This view highlights the role of autonomic and peripheral nociceptive nervous systems in the generation of widespread pain, ... Neurological effects mediated via the autonomic nervous system as well as the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis are directed ...
Shattock MJ, Tipton MJ (2012). "'Autonomic conflict': a different way to die during cold water immersion?". The Journal of ... Datta A, Tipton M (2006). "Respiratory responses to cold water immersion: neural pathways, interactions, and clinical ...
... included detailed analyses of transmission in autonomic ganglia to studies of the organisation of autonomic nervous pathways ... is a world authority on neural pathways within the autonomic nervous system. Her work has ... Jänig, W.; McLachlan, E.M. (1992). "Characteristics of function-specific pathways in the sympathetic nervous system". Trends in ...
"The pathway descends along the spinal ventralateral column. The descending tract for autonomic inspiration is located laterally ... This is referred to as the corticospinal pathway or ascending respiratory pathway. The pathway of the electrical signal starts ... The neurological pathway for involuntary respiration is called the bulbospinal pathway. It is also referred to as the ... and the tract for autonomic expiration is located ventrally." Autonomic Inspiration is controlled by the pontine respiratory ...
The presence of inclusion bodies known as Papp-Lantos bodies, in the movement, balance, and autonomic-control centres of the ... resulting in the loss of dopaminergic nerve terminals along the nigrostriatal pathway, similar to idiopathic PD, MSA, PSP, CBD ... Those who present at an older age, those with parkinsonian features, and those with severe autonomic dysfunction have a poorer ... Many people affected by MSA experience dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system, which commonly manifests as orthostatic ...
Hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure (HAAF) can occur if left untreated. The sympathoadrenal system activity is ... and various other metabolic pathways that couple with bodily responses to the environment. During numerous diseased states, ... Christensen, N.J. (1991-06-01). "The biochemical assessment of sympathoadrenal activity in man". Clinical Autonomic Research. 1 ...
Dysautonomia (autonomic dysfunction) occurs when Lewy pathology affects the peripheral autonomic nervous system (the nerves ... resulting in the loss of dopaminergic nerve terminals along the nigrostriatal pathway, similar to idiopathic PD, MSA, PSP, CBD ... Lewy pathology affects the peripheral autonomic nervous system; autonomic dysfunction is observed less often in AD, ... Autonomic dysfunction resulting from damage to nerves in the heart in patients with DLB is associated with lower cardiac uptake ...
The pathways for gastric and gustatory (taste) processes are believed to terminate in different subdivisions of the ... The first central neurons within the SN can participate in simple autonomic reflexes. Information goes from the solitary ... forming circuits that contribute to autonomic regulation. Cells along the length of the SN are arranged roughly in accordance ... via the vagus nerve Chemically and mechanically sensitive neurons of the general visceral afferent pathway (GVA) with endings ...
"Safety Alerts for Human Medical Products - Balloon angioplasty devices to treat autonomic dysfunction: FDA Safety Communication ... and reverted postural control of the main cerebral venous outflow pathways. It is still not clear whether magnetic resonance ... "Embryological background of truncular venous malformation in the extracranial venous pathways as the cause of chronic cerebro ... "Embryological background of truncular venous malformation in the extracranial venous pathways as the cause of chronic cerebro ...
Scorpion envenomation with high morbidity and mortality is usually due to either excessive autonomic activity and ... "Cardiac dysrhythmia produced by Mesobuthus tamulus venom involves NO-dependent G-Cyclase signaling pathway". Naunyn- ...
It has an incubation period of months to years, during which no signs are noticed, though the pathway of converting the normal ... March 2007). "Prions spread via the autonomic nervous system from the gut to the central nervous system in cattle incubating ...
Several studies have shown that positive emotions can restore autonomic quiescence after negative affect. For example, ... it supports the broaden and build theory that positive emotions lead to increased multilateral cognitive pathway and social ...
... light following elliptical pathways. fNIRS is most sensitive to hemodynamic changes which occur nearest to the scalp and these ... and better localizes the hemodynamic response obtained by near-infrared spectroscopy for tasks with differing autonomic ... and better localizes the hemodynamic response obtained by near-infrared spectroscopy for tasks with differing autonomic ...
Smout, M (2012). "Acceptance and commitment therapy - pathways for general practitioners". Australian Family Physician. 41 (9 ... Autonomic arousal symptoms (1) Palpitations or pounding heart, or accelerated heart rate. (2) Sweating. (3) Trembling or ...
Sacral sparing has been attributed to the fact that the sacral spinal pathways are not as likely as the other spinal pathways ... Other autonomic functions may also be disrupted. For example, problems with body temperature regulation mostly occur in ... Symptoms may include loss of muscle function, sensation, or autonomic function in the parts of the body served by the spinal ... One condition that occurs typically in lesions above the T6 level is autonomic dysreflexia (AD), in which the blood pressure ...
The autonomic nervous system has two kinds of peripheral fibers: In order of degree of severity, injury to a nerve can be ... A recent study has also found that macrophages activated through a specific inflammatory pathway activated by the Dectin-1 ...
GTPCH is part of the folate and biopterin biosynthesis pathways. It is responsible for the hydrolysis of guanosine triphosphate ... and sometimes autonomic dysfunction. Response to treatment is variable and the long-term and functional outcome is unknown. To ...
... and pre-autonomic hypothalamic neurons that affect parasympathetic and sympathetic autonomic centers in the brain stem and ... The signaling pathways of leptin and ghrelin lead to the hypothalamus' melanocortin system, and research into this system has ... Ghrelin, a hormone that increases in the plasma leading up to mealtime and activates the dopaminergic pathway, also has a ... Out of the researched neurotransmitters, only disrupting the dopamine signaling pathway appears to disrupt normal FAA. It is ...
... serotonergic and glutaminergic pathways. Episodic memory starts to decline gradually from middle age, while semantic memory ... become significant enough to detect even with autonomic nervous responses to emotionally charged stimuli. Aging is also ...
In the nigrostratial pathway, it reduces EPS. In the tuberoinfundibular pathway, it reduces or eliminates prolactin elevation. ... Autonomic Neuroscience. 142 (1-2): 71-6. doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2008.06.004. PMID 18667366. S2CID 20878941. Weber S, Volynets V, ... Dopamine release in the mesolimbic pathway from 5-HT2A antagonism does not appear to be as robust as in the other pathways of ... In the mesocortical pathway to the DLPFC and VMPFC, endogenous D2 receptor dopamine activity is sometimes low in schizophrenia ...
It controls autonomic functions and connects the higher levels of the brain to the spinal cord. It is responsible for ... Horner's syndrome is the disruption of a nerve pathway from the brain to the face and eye on one side of the body. This also ... The CST is a pathway in which motor signals are sent from the brain to the lower motor neurons, also known as a descending ... regulating several basic functions of the autonomic nervous system, including respiration, cardiac function, vasodilation, and ...
Sudden falls Freezing and festination episodes Postural instability Intensified dyskinesia Autonomic system disorders - ... causes a delay in reflexes and diminishes balance and fine motor control via its inhibitory effects on nerve pathways in the ...
One of the first studies into the diversion of pathways of overt and covert facial processing was done by Bauer in 1984. This ... A common physiological measure that is used is the measure of autonomic activity by using skin-conductance responses (SCR) ... Behavioral covert recognition is measured by reaction time and occurs within a cognitive pathway consisting of face recognition ... "Covert face recognition without the fusiform-temporal pathways". NeuroImage. 57 (3): 1162-1176. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage. ...
Wenger MA, Bagchi BK (October 1961). "Studies of autonomic functions in practitioners of Yoga in India". Behavioral Science. 6 ... Through this process and the brain's neuroplasticity, neurofeedback actually helps create new neural pathways. The brain will " ...
The principal metabolic pathway for sertraline is N-demethylation into desmethylsertraline (N-desmethylsertraline) mainly by ... Siepmann M, Grossmann J, Mück-Weymann M, Kirch W (July 2003). "Effects of sertraline on autonomic and cognitive functions in ... this metabolic pathway has never been studied in vivo. The elimination half-life of sertraline is on average 26 hours, with a ...
Other causes may include Autonomic nervous system deficits, autoimmune response, or drug interactions. Exercise-induced IST can ... Definitive care may include catheter ablation.[citation needed] AV reentrant tachycardia (AVRT) requires an accessory pathway ... where the impulse travels down the AV node to the ventricles and back up to the atria through the accessory pathway) or ... or even higher if an accessory pathway is present). However, new-onset atrial fibrillation tends to present with rates between ...
However, it is also possible that the autonomic dysfunction manifested in many patients during the later phases of the ... The recruitment of the complement cascade via the classical pathway (antibody-antigen interaction). Membrane attack complex ( ... As the disease progresses, the symptoms become medically urgent and often include autonomic dysfunction, hypoventilation, ... and foremost is high level of clinical suspicion especially in young adults showing abnormal behavior as well as autonomic ...
Folate and other B vitamins B vitamins are involved in the metabolic pathway that leads to SAM production. SAM is the donor of ... The main group of sensory neuron diseases are hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathies (HSAN) such as HSAN I, HSAN II, and ... miRNAs are involved in post-transcriptional gene silencing via inhibiting translation or involvement in RNAi pathways. Some ... associated with mediation of inflammatory pathways and thus resulting in lower instances of inflammatory responses in the brain ...
There are two types: autonomic reflex arc (affecting inner organs) and somatic reflex arc (affecting muscles). Autonomic ... The pathway taken by the nerve impulse to accomplish a reflex action is called the reflex arc. When a reflex arc in an animal ... A reflex arc is a neural pathway that controls a reflex. In vertebrates, most sensory neurons do not pass directly into the ... A reflex arc, then, is the pathway followed by nerves which (a.) carry sensory information from the receptor to the spinal cord ...
Part of the sympathetic subdivision of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), the two celiac ganglia are the largest ganglia in ... and nitric oxide and constitutes a modulation center in the pathway of the afferent and efferent fibers between the central ... suggesting that the celiac ganglion-superior ovarian nerve-ovarian axis provides a direct link between the autonomic nervous ...
The brain can be exposed to new stimuli and experiences and therefore learn from them and create new neural pathways hence ... Carter, JB; Banister, EW; Blaber, AP (2003). "Effect of endurance exercise on autonomic control of heart rate". Sports Medicine ... by affecting the autonomic nervous system, organs and glands in the body., In 1886, the Swedish Medical Gymnast Nils Posse ( ...
It arises in the anterior temporal lobe and amygdala, in the temporal lobe curving in an upward pathway behind the external ... Raine, A; Lencz, T; Bihrle, S; LaCasse, L; Colletti, P (2000). "Reduced prefrontal gray matter volume and reduced autonomic ... The uncinate fasciculus is a bi-directional pathway between the temporal lobe and frontal lobe; it is traditionally considered ... though it is possible that this disruption failed to happen because it was functionally compensated by alternative pathways. ...
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is a very complex, multifaceted neural network that maintains internal physiologic ... The afferent pathways synapse locally or in the ganglia, spinal cord, and more rostral portions of the autonomic nervous system ... Efferent pathways. The autonomic nervous system (ANS) consists of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. The ... Overview of Autonomic Testing. Various tests measuring autonomic function are available. [5, 6, 7] Both cardiovascular and ...
In fact, all addictive drugs act in some way within the 'reward pathway'. For more information on this, see the NIDA ... autonomic system dysfunction (tachycardia, hypertension, orthostatic hypotension), temporary bronchodilatation • Gynecomastia ( ... Remind your audience that there is a pathway in the brain that is responsible for rewarding behaviors. This can be viewed in ... In addition, there is emerging research to show that Ecstasy has actions in a specific pathway within the limbic system called ...
Concurrent monitoring of HRV and STI may be a valuable non-invasive approach to investigate autonomic stress reactivity; ... Although these autonomic indices are typically measured during rest, the ... the purpose of this investigation was to review the literature regarding how the exercise dosage influences these autonomic ... Although these autonomic indices are typically measured during rest, the reactivity hypothesis suggests that investigating ...
This common problem is complex and involves multiple pathways. ... Nitric oxide pathway. The NO pathway is of critical importance ... Several pathways have been described to explain how information travels from the hypothalamus to the sacral autonomic centers. ... The efferent pathways from the hypothalamus enter the medial forebrain bundle and project caudally near the lateral part of the ... One pathway travels from the dorsomedial hypothalamus through the dorsal and central gray matter, descends to the locus ...
overamplification occurring at connections between the auditory pathways and autonomic nervous system ... overamplification occurring at connections between the auditory pathways and autonomic nervous system ... 8. Misophonia occurs when there is abnormally high activation of the autonomic nervous system due to: ... 7. Hyperacusis is defined as abnormally high activation of the autonomic nervous system due to: ...
The autonomic nervous system, which controls involuntary body functions, may also be affected. Resulting signs and symptoms can ... Tyrosine hydroxylase takes part in the pathway that produces a group of chemical messengers (hormones) called catecholamines. ... Norepinephrine and epinephrine are involved in the autonomic nervous system.. Mutations in the TH gene result in reduced ... autonomic dysfunction, and other neurological problems seen in people with TH deficiency. ...
HH may constitute a complex dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system involving the sympathetic and parasympathetic pathways. ... This causes an increase in the sweat response through stimuli transmitted by the efferent pathways to the sympathetic ganglia. ... The balance between these pathways (efferent and afferent) maintains homeostasis of the body, but this system is exaggerated in ... After triggering sweating, these stimuli return to the hypothalamus through the afferent pathways (negative feedback) (Figure 2 ...
Activation in vagal afferents and central autonomic pathways: early responses to intestinal infection with Campylobacter jejuni ... Cardiac autonomic changes associated with fish oil vs soy oil supplementation in the elderly. Chest 2005;127: 1102-7. ... Cholinergic pathways modulate experimental dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid colitis in rats. Auton Neurosci 2003;105:16-24. ... The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway regulates the host response during septic peritonitis. J Infect Dis 2005;191:2138-48. ...
Overview of the Autonomic Nervous System - Etiology, pathophysiology, symptoms, signs, diagnosis & prognosis from the MSD ... Thermoregulatory sweat test: This test evaluates both preganglionic and postganglionic pathways. After a dye is applied to the ... Pure autonomic failure Pure Autonomic Failure Pure autonomic failure results from neuronal loss in autonomic ganglia, causing ... The best known autonomic neuropathies... read more , pure autonomic failure Pure Autonomic Failure Pure autonomic failure ...
... chronic activation of inflammatory pathways, and autonomic dysfunction (1). This process can lead to progressive heart failure ... Despite advances in our understanding of the pathogenic pathways, why some patients have onset of progressive cardiac disease ...
... possibly through the pathway of increasing autonomic arousal. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the ... Autonomic nervous system; Author Keywords: Psychosocial; Stress; Workplace; Heart rate variability; Autonomic control ...
... and autonomic functions. SCI research, however, has historically focused disproportionately on major motor pathways, such as ... 2018) Distinct descending motor cortex pathways and their roles in movement. Nature 563:79-84. doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0642-9 ... Because supraspinal populations carry distinct functions and target distinct spinal circuits (e.g., motor vs autonomic), we ... 2013) A novel growth-promoting pathway formed by GDNF-overexpressing Schwann cells promotes propriospinal axonal regeneration, ...
Autonomic dysfunction as a delayed sequelae of acute ethylene glycol ingestion : a case report and review of the literature. J ... Ethylene glycol-mediated tubular injury: identification of critical metabolites and injury pathways. Am J Kidney Dis 38(2):339- ...
... autonomic, and endocrine nervous system activity, which together supports the notion that this is a crucial pathogenic pathway ... Dong, M.X.; Giles, W.H.; Felitti, V.J.; Dube, S.R.; Williams, J.E.; Chapman, D.P.; Anda, R.F. Insights into causal pathways for ... Dale, L.P.; Carroll, L.E.; Galen, G.; Hayes, J.A.; Webb, K.W.; Porges, S.W. Abuse History is related to Autonomic Regulation to ... Similarly, autonomic effects during sleep have been observed in subjects who anticipated giving a public speech in the early ...
... the autonomic nervous system goes from protecting us to overprotecting us because of maladaptive neural pathways that develop ... Now, what Annie and Ashok are saying happens in the case of MCS, CFS, EHS, and other similar conditions, is that our autonomic ... The autonomic nervous system regulates those aspects of the body that occur automatically such as circulation, breathing, heart ... TM and Amygdala RetrainingTM use neurotransmitters to form new pathways in your brain and restore balance to your autonomic ...
Cardiac autonomic response was studied in patients with primary focal hyperhidrosis and healthy controls using spectral ... involving parasympathetic pathway differences as well. There may be additional mechanisms involved in primary hyperhidrosis. An ... "hyperexcitable somatosympathetic polysynaptic pathway."[93] In another study, patients with primary palmoplantar hyperhidrosis ... there is much evidence for abnormalities in autonomic nervous system function. Since hyperhidrosis often begins in childhood ...
Exploring Neuro-Physio Pathways for Self-Tuning for CHI EA 2021 by M.C. Schraefel et al. ... the autonomic nervous system and the limbic systems interactions that affect volitional/non-volitional interaction. We will ...
However, this pathway of autonomic regulation has not been examined in humans. The aim of this study was to examine the ... However, this pathway of autonomic regulation has not been examined in humans. The aim of this study was to examine the ... However, this pathway of autonomic regulation has not been examined in humans. The aim of this study was to examine the ... However, this pathway of autonomic regulation has not been examined in humans. The aim of this study was to examine the ...
... and is believed to initiate signaling through multiple pathways, including the autonomic nervous system. Evidence has shown ...
Immunohistochemical evidence for a neurophysin-containing autonomic pathway arising in the paraventricular nucleus of the ... use a distinct pathway involving solely the N-terminal domain found in Robo3A isoforms to attenuate Robo2 activity. In ... for most central nervous system projection pathways, it is unknown how connectivity is transcriptionally determined. ...
Metabolically, SPT interconnects two pathways, the fatty acids and amino acids metabolism, which is directly connected to the ... hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type 1 - HSAN1). ... nor degraded by the canonical sphingolipid catabolic pathway. ...
The hypothesis that autonomic neuropathy may increase risk of breathing abnormalities is supported by a report showing that ... Most reports on this topic focus on a causal pathway in which SDB is hypothesized to increase the risk of developing diabetes ( ... However, only a future study with PSG data, a large number of diabetic individuals, and measures of autonomic function will be ... Without data providing information on the presence and/or severity of autonomic function, our hypothesis of a role of diabetic ...
Our findings also support the idea of systemic inflammation (higher levels of white cell count) as a pathway between long ... the peripheral physiological stress response includes the autonomic nervous system response, hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal ( ... Furthermore, we may hypothesise that adverse metabolic processes and deteriorating liver health are part of the pathway from ... 6-8 Studies have also confirmed behavioural risk factors as potential pathways, showing associations between long working hours ...
Current diagnostic approach sharply separates between cardiac and autonomic pathways. Physiologic insights have been translated ... Persistent autonomic dysfunction can manifest with disabling symptoms including recurrent syncopal events. We describe a case ... High-level spinal cord injuries are often associated with autonomic impairment, which can result in orthostatic hypotension and ... Recurrent syncope secondary to autonomic dysfunction in spinal cord injury: a case report. ...
Autonomic Nerves. Autonomic Pathway. Nerve, Autonomic. Nerves, Autonomic. Pathway, Autonomic. Pathways, Autonomic. ... Autonomic Pathways Entry term(s). Autonomic Pathway Pathway, Autonomic Pathways, Autonomic Autonomic Nerves - Narrower Concept ... Autonomic Pathways - Preferred Concept UI. M0026867. Scope note. Nerves and plexuses of the autonomic nervous system. The ... Nerves and plexuses of the autonomic nervous system. The central nervous system structures which regulate the autonomic nervous ...
The location and characteristics of the thermal sudomotor pathways in the human brainstem: A reappraisal. *Hiroshi Saito ... Neural interrelationships of autonomic ganglia from the pelvic region of male rats. *Jorge Arellano, ... A time to fight: Circadian control of aggression and associated autonomic support. *William D. Todd, ... Circadian rhythms of cardiovascular autonomic function: Physiology and clinical implications in neurodegenerative diseases. * ...
Katzung, BG Introduction to Autonomic Pharmacology (Section II: Autonomic Drugs) in: Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (10th ... Ernsberger P The I1-imidazoline receptor and its cellular signaling pathways Ann.N .Y. Acad Sci 881: 35-53 1999. ... Sympathetic Nerve Pathway: Neuroeffector Junction (Simplified diagram of a sympathetic neuroeffector junction displaying genes ... Westfall, TC and Westfall DP Neurotransmission: The Autonomic and Somatic Motor Nervous System in Goodman and Gilmans The ...
... where the pathophysiology is related to activation of immunoinflammatory and oxidative pathways and autoimmune responses. While ... and CMI pathways contribute to fatigue, malaise, hyperalgesia, and autonomic and neurocognitive symptoms [12, 13, 95]. Moreover ... O&NS pathways in sickness versus ME/CFS. Other pathways that discriminate sickness behavior from chronic inflammatory disorders ... Neuroimmune pathways in sickness behavior and ME/CFS. Energy metabolism in sickness behavior versus ME/CFS. Acute inflammatory ...
Autonomic pathways trigger survival responses that often lead our clients on a painful journey into a state of shutdown, ... and rewrite the trauma stories that are carried in their autonomic pathways. Come learn the organizing principles of Polyvagal ... Healing depends, instead, on the work undertaken at the level of the autonomic nervous system, which shapes our clients ...
Transition pathways to a low carbon economy. (C). EP/E04011X/1 SUPERGEN 1 Renewal Core - FlexNet: Renewal of the Supergen ... The Autonomic Power System. (C). EP/G031681/1 SUPERGEN HDPS - CORE. (C). ... Realising Transition Pathways - Whole Systems Analysis for a UK More Electric Low Carbon Energy Future. (C). ...
  • The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is a very complex, multifaceted neural network that maintains internal physiologic homeostasis. (medscape.com)
  • The goal for this article remains focused at step III on the anatomy of the autonomic nervous system, as follows. (medscape.com)
  • Because the autonomic nervous system maintains internal physiologic homeostasis, disorders of this system can be present with both central as well as peripheral nervous system localization. (medscape.com)
  • The central nervous system interacts dynamically with the immune system to modulate inflammation through humoral and neural pathways. (bmj.com)
  • 3 , 4 Although modulation of the immune system by the nervous system, in particular the adrenergic nervous system, has been introduced decades ago, 5 interest in the role of the autonomic nervous system as a key player in immune homeostasis has recently increased exponentially. (bmj.com)
  • The autonomic nervous system, which controls involuntary body functions, may also be affected. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Norepinephrine and epinephrine are involved in the autonomic nervous system. (medlineplus.gov)
  • These catecholamines are necessary for normal nervous system function, and changes in their levels contribute to the abnormal movements, autonomic dysfunction, and other neurological problems seen in people with TH deficiency. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The autonomic nervous system regulates physiologic processes. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Disorders of the autonomic nervous system cause autonomic insufficiency or failure and can affect any system of the body. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The autonomic nervous system receives input from parts of the central nervous system (CNS) that process and integrate stimuli from the body and external environment. (msdmanuals.com)
  • the autonomic nervous system and the limbic system's interactions that affect volitional/non-volitional interaction. (ibm.com)
  • Although I learned awhile back that the autonomic nervous system was the primary problem in adrenal fatigue, MCS, CFS, etc. from Dr. Charles, Gant, and I completely agreed with Annie and Ashok that the limbic system was indeed a root issue, it was their techniques that I had a problem with. (holistichelp.net)
  • These results led the investigators to suggest that primary hyperhidrosis may involve a more complex dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system than previously thought, involving parasympathetic pathway differences as well. (sweathelp.org)
  • In summary, although the exact pathophysiology of primary hyperhidrosis is yet to be determined, there is much evidence for abnormalities in autonomic nervous system function. (sweathelp.org)
  • GFRAL is expressed in a specific region of the hindbrain, partially outside the blood brain barrier, and is believed to initiate signaling through multiple pathways, including the autonomic nervous system. (advfn.com)
  • Nerves and plexuses of the autonomic nervous system. (bvsalud.org)
  • The central nervous system structures which regulate the autonomic nervous system are not included. (bvsalud.org)
  • Healing depends, instead, on the work undertaken at the level of the autonomic nervous system, which shapes our clients' experiences of safety and influences their capacity for connection. (freecourseshare.com)
  • A broad timeline of major discoveries of the autonomic nervous system. (comprehensivephysiology.com)
  • The etiology of autonomic dysfunction can be primary or idiopathic and secondary causes. (medscape.com)
  • In addition, autonomic dysfunction is associated with various medications. (medscape.com)
  • Without treatment, the parasite alternates between the trypomastigote and amastigote forms and causes direct smooth muscle tissue damage, myocardial fibrosis, chronic activation of inflammatory pathways, and autonomic dysfunction ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Purpose: High levels of workplace psychosocial factors have been associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes, possibly through the pathway of increasing autonomic arousal. (cdc.gov)
  • Autonomic neural control of the cardiovascular system is formed of complex and dynamic processes able to adjust rapidly to mitigate perturbations in hemodynamics and maintain homeostasis. (comprehensivephysiology.com)
  • Imbalances in sympathetic and parasympathetic neural control are also implicated in the development of arrhythmia in several cardiovascular conditions sparking interest in autonomic modulation as a form of treatment. (comprehensivephysiology.com)
  • Interruption of sympathetic pathways, by local injection of an anesthetic agent, at any of four levels: peripheral nerve block, sympathetic ganglion block, extradural block, and subarachnoid block. (bvsalud.org)
  • Alterations in autonomic control feature in the development or progression of a multitude of diseases with wide‐ranging physiological implications given the neural system's responsibility for controlling inotropy, chronotropy, lusitropy, and dromotropy. (comprehensivephysiology.com)
  • Cardiac autonomic response was studied in patients with primary focal hyperhidrosis and healthy controls using spectral analysis of heart rate variability. (sweathelp.org)
  • In this study, we performed a literature review in order to investigate the relationship between auditory mechanisms and cardiac autonomic regulation. (bvsalud.org)
  • It was hypothesized that dopamine release in the striatal system induced by pleasure songs are involved in the cardiac autonomic regulation. (bvsalud.org)
  • Although these autonomic indices are typically measured during rest, the "reactivity hypothesis" suggests that investigating responses to a stressor (e.g., exercise) may be a valuable monitoring approach in clinical and high-performance settings. (frontiersin.org)
  • Monitoring HRV responses to an "exercise challenge test" may provide useful insight into autonomic stress reactivity. (frontiersin.org)
  • While sickness is an adaptive response induced by proinflammatory cytokines, ME/CFS is a chronic, disabling disorder, where the pathophysiology is related to activation of immunoinflammatory and oxidative pathways and autoimmune responses. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Humans and animals use a range of autonomic, metabolic and behavioral responses to combat acute infections or injuries. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Autonomic pathways trigger survival responses that often lead our clients on a painful journey into a state of shutdown, collapse, and dissociation. (freecourseshare.com)
  • Functional Ser205Leu polymorphism of the nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR) gene is associated with vagal autonomic dysregulation in humans. (cdc.gov)
  • Autonomic failure is seen in multiple system atrophy, pure or progressive autonomic failure, Parkinson and other neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic diseases such as Wernicke and cobalamin deficiency, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, trauma, vascular diseases, neoplastic diseases, and multiple sclerosis . (medscape.com)
  • In addition to the acquired causes, inherited disorders like hereditary sensory-autonomic neuropathy (HSAN), familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP), Tangier disease, and Fabry disease also exist. (medscape.com)
  • Chronically elevated 1-deoxy-Sphnglipids manifests clinically in a progressive loss of sensory perception (sensation of pressure, temperature and pain) and peripheral neuropathy (hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type 1 - HSAN1). (usz.ch)
  • Unmyelinated (C) fibers transmit postganglionic autonomic efferents as well as somatic and autonomic afferents. (medscape.com)
  • Metabolically, SPT interconnects two pathways, the fatty acids and amino acids metabolism, which is directly connected to the central energy and carbohydrate metabolism. (usz.ch)
  • Recently, in animal models of sepsis, the vagus nerve (VN) has been proposed to play a crucial role in the regulation of the immune response, also referred to as the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. (bmj.com)
  • However, this pathway of autonomic regulation has not been examined in humans. (elsevier.com)
  • Given the complex nature of this system, a stepwise approach to autonomic disorders is required for proper understanding. (medscape.com)
  • Very valuable in cases of rhinitis, inflammation of nasal mucosa, septal erosion, and other disorders of respiratory pathways. (slideshare.net)
  • The major regulated secretory pathway involves large granules that are exocytosed in response to autonomic stimulation 4 . (bvsalud.org)
  • In this review, we will discuss the current understanding concerning the mechanisms and effects involved in the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway in the gastrointestinal tract. (bmj.com)
  • 6 This discovery has led to the introduction of the concept of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, 7 a hard-wired connection between the immune and nervous systems closely interacting to regulate inflammation. (bmj.com)
  • Small myelinated fibers transmit preganglionic autonomic efferents (B fibers) and somatic afferents (A delta fibers). (medscape.com)
  • Particularly, the use of alanine and glycine instead of L-serine forms a class of atypical 1-deoxy-sphingolipids that are metabolic dead ends as they cannot be metabolized to complex sphingolipids nor degraded by the canonical sphingolipid catabolic pathway. (usz.ch)
  • Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to review the literature regarding how the exercise dosage influences these autonomic indices during exercise and acute post-exercise recovery. (frontiersin.org)
  • 30 million people in the US) may acquire an autonomic disorder requiring medical attention. (medscape.com)
  • Tyrosine hydroxylase takes part in the pathway that produces a group of chemical messengers (hormones) called catecholamines. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In addition to the autonomic innervation, neuropeptides and hormones can influence the secretion and vascularization of submandibular 6 . (bvsalud.org)
  • Gene-based analysis of genes related to neurotrophic pathway suggests association of BDNF and VEGFA with antidepressant treatment-response in depressed patients. (cdc.gov)
  • The supraspinal connectome comprises a diverse and widely distributed set of neurons that project axons to spinal targets and which convey a wide range of motor, autonomic, and sensory modulatory commands. (jneurosci.org)
  • Despite advances in our understanding of the pathogenic pathways, why some patients have onset of progressive cardiac disease whereas others remain in a persistent subclinical indeterminate disease remain unknown. (cdc.gov)
  • Patients with hyperhidrosis had enhanced recovery of excitability, implying a "hyperexcitable somatosympathetic polysynaptic pathway. (sweathelp.org)
  • Neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) is related bladder reflexes as well as for treatment of nocturnal en- to neurogenic bladder (NB) and generally associated to uresis in patients over five years of age. (bvsalud.org)