Autonomic nerve block. Medical search

Interruption of sympathetic pathways, by local injection of an anesthetic agent, at any of four levels: peripheral nerve block, sympathetic ganglion block, extradural block, and subarachnoid block.

Interruption of NEURAL CONDUCTION in peripheral nerves or nerve trunks by the injection of a local anesthetic agent (e.g., LIDOCAINE; PHENOL; BOTULINUM TOXINS) to manage or treat pain.

Nerves and plexuses of the autonomic nervous system. The central nervous system structures which regulate the autonomic nervous system are not included.

The ENTERIC NERVOUS SYSTEM; PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM; and SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM taken together. Generally speaking, the autonomic nervous system regulates the internal environment during both peaceful activity and physical or emotional stress. Autonomic activity is controlled and integrated by the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, especially the HYPOTHALAMUS and the SOLITARY NUCLEUS, which receive information relayed from VISCERAL AFFERENTS.

A nerve originating in the lumbar spinal cord (usually L2 to L4) and traveling through the lumbar plexus to provide motor innervation to extensors of the thigh and sensory innervation to parts of the thigh, lower leg, and foot, and to the hip and knee joints.

A complex network of nerve fibers in the pelvic region. The hypogastric plexus distributes sympathetic fibers from the lumbar paravertebral ganglia and the aortic plexus, parasympathetic fibers from the pelvic nerve, and visceral afferents. The bilateral pelvic plexus is in its lateral extent.

The craniosacral division of the autonomic nervous system. The cell bodies of the parasympathetic preganglionic fibers are in brain stem nuclei and in the sacral spinal cord. They synapse in cranial autonomic ganglia or in terminal ganglia near target organs. The parasympathetic nervous system generally acts to conserve resources and restore homeostasis, often with effects reciprocal to the sympathetic nervous system.

A nerve which originates in the lumbar and sacral spinal cord (L4 to S3) and supplies motor and sensory innervation to the lower extremity. The sciatic nerve, which is the main continuation of the sacral plexus, is the largest nerve in the body. It has two major branches, the TIBIAL NERVE and the PERONEAL NERVE.

Drugs that block nerve conduction when applied locally to nerve tissue in appropriate concentrations. They act on any part of the nervous system and on every type of nerve fiber. In contact with a nerve trunk, these anesthetics can cause both sensory and motor paralysis in the innervated area. Their action is completely reversible. (From Gilman AG, et. al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed) Nearly all local anesthetics act by reducing the tendency of voltage-dependent sodium channels to activate.

A branch of the trigeminal (5th cranial) nerve. The mandibular nerve carries motor fibers to the muscles of mastication and sensory fibers to the teeth and gingivae, the face in the region of the mandible, and parts of the dura.

Diseases of the parasympathetic or sympathetic divisions of the AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM; which has components located in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM and PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Autonomic dysfunction may be associated with HYPOTHALAMIC DISEASES; BRAIN STEM disorders; SPINAL CORD DISEASES; and PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES. Manifestations include impairments of vegetative functions including the maintenance of BLOOD PRESSURE; HEART RATE; pupil function; SWEATING; REPRODUCTIVE AND URINARY PHYSIOLOGY; and DIGESTION.

The removal or interruption of some part of the autonomic nervous system for therapeutic or research purposes.

The nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord, including the autonomic, cranial, and spinal nerves. Peripheral nerves contain non-neuronal cells and connective tissue as well as axons. The connective tissue layers include, from the outside to the inside, the epineurium, the perineurium, and the endoneurium.

The 10th cranial nerve. The vagus is a mixed nerve which contains somatic afferents (from skin in back of the ear and the external auditory meatus), visceral afferents (from the pharynx, larynx, thorax, and abdomen), parasympathetic efferents (to the thorax and abdomen), and efferents to striated muscle (of the larynx and pharynx).

The thoracolumbar division of the autonomic nervous system. Sympathetic preganglionic fibers originate in neurons of the intermediolateral column of the spinal cord and project to the paravertebral and prevertebral ganglia, which in turn project to target organs. The sympathetic nervous system mediates the body's response to stressful situations, i.e., the fight or flight reactions. It often acts reciprocally to the parasympathetic system.

Nerve fibers liberating catecholamines at a synapse after an impulse.

Slender processes of NEURONS, including the AXONS and their glial envelopes (MYELIN SHEATH). Nerve fibers conduct nerve impulses to and from the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Peripheral, autonomic, and cranial nerve disorders that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS. These conditions usually result from diabetic microvascular injury involving small blood vessels that supply nerves (VASA NERVORUM). Relatively common conditions which may be associated with diabetic neuropathy include third nerve palsy (see OCULOMOTOR NERVE DISEASES); MONONEUROPATHY; mononeuropathy multiplex; diabetic amyotrophy; a painful POLYNEUROPATHY; autonomic neuropathy; and thoracoabdominal neuropathy. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1325)

A widely used local anesthetic agent.

A nerve originating in the lumbar spinal cord (L2 to L4) and traveling through the lumbar plexus to the lower extremity. The obturator nerve provides motor innervation to the adductor muscles of the thigh and cutaneous sensory innervation of the inner thigh.

A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.

Use of electric potential or currents to elicit biological responses.

A paravertebral sympathetic ganglion formed by the fusion of the inferior cervical and first thoracic ganglia.

Forced expiratory effort against a closed GLOTTIS.

A local anesthetic that is chemically related to BUPIVACAINE but pharmacologically related to LIDOCAINE. It is indicated for infiltration, nerve block, and epidural anesthesia. Mepivacaine is effective topically only in large doses and therefore should not be used by this route. (From AMA Drug Evaluations, 1994, p168)

The large network of nerve fibers which distributes the innervation of the upper extremity. The brachial plexus extends from the neck into the axilla. In humans, the nerves of the plexus usually originate from the lower cervical and the first thoracic spinal cord segments (C5-C8 and T1), but variations are not uncommon.

The space or compartment surrounded by the pelvic girdle (bony pelvis). It is subdivided into the greater pelvis and LESSER PELVIS. The pelvic girdle is formed by the PELVIC BONES and SACRUM.

Pain during the period after surgery.

A thioester hydrolase which acts on esters formed between thiols such as DITHIOTHREITOL or GLUTATHIONE and the C-terminal glycine residue of UBIQUITIN.

The intermediate sensory division of the trigeminal (5th cranial) nerve. The maxillary nerve carries general afferents from the intermediate region of the face including the lower eyelid, nose and upper lip, the maxillary teeth, and parts of the dura.

A range of methods used to reduce pain and anxiety during dental procedures.

The lumbar and sacral plexuses taken together. The fibers of the lumbosacral plexus originate in the lumbar and upper sacral spinal cord (L1 to S3) and innervate the lower extremities.

The 2nd cranial nerve which conveys visual information from the RETINA to the brain. The nerve carries the axons of the RETINAL GANGLION CELLS which sort at the OPTIC CHIASM and continue via the OPTIC TRACTS to the brain. The largest projection is to the lateral geniculate nuclei; other targets include the SUPERIOR COLLICULI and the SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEI. Though known as the second cranial nerve, it is considered part of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Organic compounds containing the -CO-NH2 radical. Amides are derived from acids by replacement of -OH by -NH2 or from ammonia by the replacement of H by an acyl group. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

The joint that occurs between facets of the interior and superior articular processes of adjacent VERTEBRAE.

The number of times the HEART VENTRICLES contract per unit of time, usually per minute.

The ventral rami of the thoracic nerves from segments T1 through T11. The intercostal nerves supply motor and sensory innervation to the thorax and abdomen. The skin and muscles supplied by a given pair are called, respectively, a dermatome and a myotome.

The tunnel in the lower anterior ABDOMINAL WALL through which the SPERMATIC CORD, in the male; ROUND LIGAMENT, in the female; nerves; and vessels pass. Its internal end is at the deep inguinal ring and its external end is at the superficial inguinal ring.

Injection of an anesthetic into the nerves to inhibit nerve transmission in a specific part of the body.

One of two salivary glands in the neck, located in the space bound by the two bellies of the digastric muscle and the angle of the mandible. It discharges through the submandibular duct. The secretory units are predominantly serous although a few mucous alveoli, some with serous demilunes, occur. (Stedman, 25th ed)

Scales, questionnaires, tests, and other methods used to assess pain severity and duration in patients or experimental animals to aid in diagnosis, therapy, and physiological studies.

Investigations conducted on the physical health of teeth involving use of a tool that transmits hot or cold electric currents on a tooth's surface that can determine problems with that tooth based on reactions to the currents.

Injuries to the PERIPHERAL NERVES.

The medial terminal branch of the sciatic nerve. The tibial nerve fibers originate in lumbar and sacral spinal segments (L4 to S2). They supply motor and sensory innervation to parts of the calf and foot.

A major nerve of the upper extremity. In humans, the fibers of the median nerve originate in the lower cervical and upper thoracic spinal cord (usually C6 to T1), travel via the brachial plexus, and supply sensory and motor innervation to parts of the forearm and hand.

The distal segment of the LARGE INTESTINE, between the SIGMOID COLON and the ANAL CANAL.

The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)

The hollow, muscular organ that maintains the circulation of the blood.

Calcitonin gene-related peptide. A 37-amino acid peptide derived from the calcitonin gene. It occurs as a result of alternative processing of mRNA from the calcitonin gene. The neuropeptide is widely distributed in neural tissue of the brain, gut, perivascular nerves, and other tissue. The peptide produces multiple biological effects and has both circulatory and neurotransmitter modes of action. In particular, it is a potent endogenous vasodilator.

Renewal or physiological repair of damaged nerve tissue.

An alkaloid, originally from Atropa belladonna, but found in other plants, mainly SOLANACEAE. Hyoscyamine is the 3(S)-endo isomer of atropine.

Surgery performed on an outpatient basis. It may be hospital-based or performed in an office or surgicenter.

The 31 paired peripheral nerves formed by the union of the dorsal and ventral spinal roots from each spinal cord segment. The spinal nerve plexuses and the spinal roots are also included.

Methods of PAIN relief that may be used with or in place of ANALGESICS.

A local anesthetic that is similar pharmacologically to LIDOCAINE. Currently, it is used most often for infiltration anesthesia in dentistry.

The chambers of the heart, to which the BLOOD returns from the circulation.

The veins that return the oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart.

Branch-like terminations of NERVE FIBERS, sensory or motor NEURONS. Endings of sensory neurons are the beginnings of afferent pathway to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Endings of motor neurons are the terminals of axons at the muscle cells. Nerve endings which release neurotransmitters are called PRESYNAPTIC TERMINALS.

An impulse-conducting system composed of modified cardiac muscle, having the power of spontaneous rhythmicity and conduction more highly developed than the rest of the heart.

Agents that are administered in association with anesthetics to increase effectiveness, improve delivery, or decrease required dosage.

A branch of the tibial nerve which supplies sensory innervation to parts of the lower leg and foot.

The 5th and largest cranial nerve. The trigeminal nerve is a mixed motor and sensory nerve. The larger sensory part forms the ophthalmic, mandibular, and maxillary nerves which carry afferents sensitive to external or internal stimuli from the skin, muscles, and joints of the face and mouth and from the teeth. Most of these fibers originate from cells of the TRIGEMINAL GANGLION and project to the TRIGEMINAL NUCLEUS of the brain stem. The smaller motor part arises from the brain stem trigeminal motor nucleus and innervates the muscles of mastication.

The 7th cranial nerve. The facial nerve has two parts, the larger motor root which may be called the facial nerve proper, and the smaller intermediate or sensory root. Together they provide efferent innervation to the muscles of facial expression and to the lacrimal and SALIVARY GLANDS, and convey afferent information for TASTE from the anterior two-thirds of the TONGUE and for TOUCH from the EXTERNAL EAR.

Treatment of muscles and nerves under pressure as a result of crush injuries.

A blocking of nerve conduction to a specific area by an injection of an anesthetic agent.

A major nerve of the upper extremity. In humans, the fibers of the ulnar nerve originate in the lower cervical and upper thoracic spinal cord (usually C7 to T1), travel via the medial cord of the brachial plexus, and supply sensory and motor innervation to parts of the hand and forearm.

Sharp instruments used for puncturing or suturing.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Paired bundles of NERVE FIBERS entering and leaving the SPINAL CORD at each segment. The dorsal and ventral nerve roots join to form the mixed segmental spinal nerves. The dorsal roots are generally afferent, formed by the central projections of the spinal (dorsal root) ganglia sensory cells, and the ventral roots are efferent, comprising the axons of spinal motor and PREGANGLIONIC AUTONOMIC FIBERS.

Disease involving the femoral nerve. The femoral nerve may be injured by ISCHEMIA (e.g., in association with DIABETIC NEUROPATHIES), nerve compression, trauma, COLLAGEN DISEASES, and other disease processes. Clinical features include MUSCLE WEAKNESS or PARALYSIS of hip flexion and knee extension, ATROPHY of the QUADRICEPS MUSCLE, reduced or absent patellar reflex, and impaired sensation over the anterior and medial thigh.

Impaired conduction of cardiac impulse that can occur anywhere along the conduction pathway, such as between the SINOATRIAL NODE and the right atrium (SA block) or between atria and ventricles (AV block). Heart blocks can be classified by the duration, frequency, or completeness of conduction block. Reversibility depends on the degree of structural or functional defects.

Procedures used to treat and correct deformities, diseases, and injuries to the MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM, its articulations, and associated structures.

Abnormal cardiac rhythm that is characterized by rapid, uncoordinated firing of electrical impulses in the upper chambers of the heart (HEART ATRIA). In such case, blood cannot be effectively pumped into the lower chambers of the heart (HEART VENTRICLES). It is caused by abnormal impulse generation.

The propagation of the NERVE IMPULSE along the nerve away from the site of an excitation stimulus.

Precursor of epinephrine that is secreted by the adrenal medulla and is a widespread central and autonomic neurotransmitter. Norepinephrine is the principal transmitter of most postganglionic sympathetic fibers and of the diffuse projection system in the brain arising from the locus ceruleus. It is also found in plants and is used pharmacologically as a sympathomimetic.

Relief of PAIN, without loss of CONSCIOUSNESS, through ANALGESIC AGENTS administered by the patients. It has been used successfully to control POSTOPERATIVE PAIN, during OBSTETRIC LABOR, after BURNS, and in TERMINAL CARE. The choice of agent, dose, and lockout interval greatly influence effectiveness. The potential for overdose can be minimized by combining small bolus doses with a mandatory interval between successive doses (lockout interval).

The use of ultrasound to guide minimally invasive surgical procedures such as needle ASPIRATION BIOPSY; DRAINAGE; etc. Its widest application is intravascular ultrasound imaging but it is useful also in urology and intra-abdominal conditions.

PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS.

Fluid propulsion systems driven mechanically, electrically, or osmotically that are used to inject (or infuse) over time agents into a patient or experimental animal; used routinely in hospitals to maintain a patent intravenous line, to administer antineoplastic agents and other drugs in thromboembolism, heart disease, diabetes mellitus (INSULIN INFUSION SYSTEMS is also available), and other disorders.

Introduction of substances into the body using a needle and syringe.

NERVE GROWTH FACTOR is the first of a series of neurotrophic factors that were found to influence the growth and differentiation of sympathetic and sensory neurons. It is comprised of alpha, beta, and gamma subunits. The beta subunit is responsible for its growth stimulating activity.

A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.

Factors which enhance the growth potentialities of sensory and sympathetic nerve cells.

A form of therapy that employs a coordinated and interdisciplinary approach for easing the suffering and improving the quality of life of those experiencing pain.

The distal extremity of the leg in vertebrates, consisting of the tarsus (ANKLE); METATARSUS; phalanges; and the soft tissues surrounding these bones.

The motor nerve of the diaphragm. The phrenic nerve fibers originate in the cervical spinal column (mostly C4) and travel through the cervical plexus to the diaphragm.

A major nerve of the upper extremity. In humans the fibers of the radial nerve originate in the lower cervical and upper thoracic spinal cord (usually C5 to T1), travel via the posterior cord of the brachial plexus, and supply motor innervation to extensor muscles of the arm and cutaneous sensory fibers to extensor regions of the arm and hand.

Procedure in which an anesthetic is injected directly into the spinal cord.

Twelve pairs of nerves that carry general afferent, visceral afferent, special afferent, somatic efferent, and autonomic efferent fibers.

Recording of the moment-to-moment electromotive forces of the HEART as projected onto various sites on the body's surface, delineated as a scalar function of time. The recording is monitored by a tracing on slow moving chart paper or by observing it on a cardioscope, which is a CATHODE RAY TUBE DISPLAY.

Mechanical compression of nerves or nerve roots from internal or external causes. These may result in a conduction block to nerve impulses (due to MYELIN SHEATH dysfunction) or axonal loss. The nerve and nerve sheath injuries may be caused by ISCHEMIA; INFLAMMATION; or a direct mechanical effect.

An abdominal hernia with an external bulge in the GROIN region. It can be classified by the location of herniation. Indirect inguinal hernias occur through the internal inguinal ring. Direct inguinal hernias occur through defects in the ABDOMINAL WALL (transversalis fascia) in Hesselbach's triangle. The former type is commonly seen in children and young adults; the latter in adults.

Unilateral or bilateral pain of the shoulder. It is often caused by physical activities such as work or sports participation, but may also be pathologic in origin.

Sympathovagal balance: how should we measure it? (1/148)

There are complex interactions between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system inputs to the sinus node. The concept of "sympathovagal balance" reflects the autonomic state resulting from the sympathetic and parasympathetic influences. Despite widespread usage of a variety of heart rate (HR) variability parameters as indexes of sympathovagal balance, no index has been validated as a measure of sympathovagal balance. This study evaluated the utility of HR, HR variability, and a new parameter termed the vagal-sympathetic effect (VSE) as indexes of sympathovagal balance. The ideal parameter had to satisfy the following criteria: 1) the index should vary similarly among subjects in response to different autonomic conditions; 2) the variability in the index among subjects exposed to the same autonomic conditions should be small; and 3) the response of the index to various autonomic conditions should reflect the underlying changes in physiological state and have a meaningful interpretation. Volunteers [8 men, 6 women; mean age 28.5 +/- 4.8 (SD) yr] were evaluated for the effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation and blockade on HR and HR variability. VSE was defined as the ratio of the R-R interval to the intrinsic R-R interval. VSE and R-R interval consistently changed in the expected directions with parasympathetic and sympathetic stimulation and blockade. A general linearized model was used to evaluate the response of each parameter. VSE and R-R interval had r2 values of 0.847 and 0.852, respectively. Natural logarithm of the low-frequency power had an r2 value of 0.781 with lower r2 values for all the other HR variability parameters. The coefficient of variation was also lowest for each condition tested for the VSE and the R-R interval. VSE and R-R interval best satisfy the criteria for the ideal index of sympathovagal balance. Because it is impractical under most conditions to measure the VSE as the index of sympathovagal balance, the most suitable index is the R-R interval. (+info)

Lumbar sympathetic blocks speed early and second stage induced labor in nulliparous women. (2/148)

BACKGROUND: Rapid cervical dilation reportedly accompanies lumbar sympathetic blockade, whereas epidural analgesia is associated with slow labor. The authors compared the effects of initial lumbar sympathetic block with those of epidural analgesia on labor speed and delivery mode in this pilot study. METHODS: At a hospital not practicing active labor management, full-term nulliparous patients whose labors were induced randomly received initial lumbar sympathetic block or epidural analgesia. The latter patients received 10 ml bupivacaine, 0.125%; 50 microg fentanyl; and 100 microg epinephrine epidurally and sham lumbar sympathetic blocks. Patients to have lumbar sympathetic blocks received 10 ml bupivacaine, 0.5%; 25 microg fentanyl; and 50 microg epinephrine bilaterally and epidural catheters. Subsequently, all patients received epidural analgesia. RESULTS: Cervical dilation occurred more quickly (57 vs. 120 min/cm cervical dilation; P = 0.05) during the first 2 h of analgesia in patients having lumbar sympathetic blocks (n = 17) than in patients having epidurals (n = 19). The second stage of labor was briefer in patients having lumbar sympathetic blocks than in those having epidurals (105 vs. 270 min; P < 0.05). Nine patients having lumbar sympathetic block and seven having epidurals delivered spontaneously, whereas seven patients having lumbar sympathetic block and seven having epidurals had instrument-assisted vaginal deliveries. Cesarean delivery for fetal bradycardia occurred in one patient having lumbar sympathetic block. Cesarean delivery for dystocia occurred in five patients having epidurals compared with no patient having lumbar sympathetic block (P = not significant). Visual analog pain scores differed only at 60 min after block. CONCLUSIONS: Nulliparous parturients having induced labor and receiving initial lumbar sympathetic blocks had faster cervical dilation during the first 2 h of analgesia, shorter second-stage labors, and a trend toward a lower dystocia cesarean delivery rate than did patients having epidural analgesia. The effects of lumbar sympathetic block on labor need to be determined in other patient groups. These results may help define the tocodynamic effects of regional labor analgesia. (+info)

Autonomic control of skeletal muscle blood flow at the onset of exercise. (3/148)

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the autonomic nervous system is involved in skeletal muscle vasodilation at the onset of exercise. Mongrel dogs (n = 7) were instrumented with flow probes on both external iliac arteries. Before treadmill exercise at 3 miles/h, 0% grade, hexamethonium (10 mg/kg) and atropine (0.2 mg/kg) or saline was infused intravenously. Ganglionic blockade increased resting heart rate from 87 +/- 5 to 145 +/- 8 beats/min (P < 0.01) and reduced mean arterial pressure from 100 +/- 4 to 88 +/- 5 mmHg (P < 0.01). During steady-state exercise, heart rate was unaffected by ganglionic blockade (from 145 +/- 8 to 152 +/- 5 beats/min), whereas mean arterial pressure was reduced (from 115 +/- 4 to 72 +/- 4 mmHg; P < 0.01). Immediate and rapid increases in iliac blood flow and conductance occurred with initiation of exercise with or without ganglionic blockade. Statistical analyses of hindlimb conductance at 5-s intervals over the first 30 s of exercise revealed a statistically significant difference between the control and ganglionic blockade conditions at 20, 25, and 30 s (P < 0.01) but not at 5, 10, and 15 s of exercise. Hindlimb conductance at 1 min of exercise was 9.21 +/- 0.68 and 11.82 +/- 1.32 ml. min(-1). mmHg(-1) for the control and ganglionic blockade conditions, respectively. Because ganglionic blockade did not affect the initial rise in iliac conductance, we concluded that the autonomic nervous system is not essential for the rapid vasodilation in active skeletal muscle at the onset of exercise in dogs. Autonomic control of skeletal muscle blood flow during exercise is manifested through vasoconstriction and not vasodilation. (+info)

Effects of unilateral stellate ganglion block on the spectral characteristics of heart rate variability. (4/148)

The effect of unilateral stellate ganglion block on cardiovascular regulation remains controversial, so the present study used power spectral analysis of heart rate variability to investigate its effect on the autonomic neural control of the heart. In 20 young healthy volunteers (mean age: 25 years), heart rate variability was determined before and after unilateral stellate ganglion block (right side 11, left side 9) using 8 ml of 1% mepivacaine during supine rest. Using autoregressive spectrum analysis, power spectra were quantified by measuring the area in 3 frequency bands: high-frequency power (lnHF, parasympathetic influence) from 0.15 to 0.40 Hz, low-frequency power (lnLF, predominantly sympathetic influence) from 0.04 to 0.15 Hz, and total-frequency power (lnTF) less than 0.40 Hz. Right stellate ganglion block decreased not only the lnLF component from 6.55+/-0.84 to 5.77+/-0.47 but also the lnHF component from 4.40+/-0.95 to 3.42+/-1.12 (p<0.05). In contrast, left stellate ganglion block changed neither the lnLF nor the lnHF component. The lnTF component was also decreased significantly by right stellate ganglion block from 7.80+/-0.95 to 7.01+/-0.36 (p<0.05), but was unchanged following left stellate ganglion block. Neither right nor left stellate ganglion block induced any significant change in both the RR and corrected QT intervals. However, changes in the RR interval induced by right stellate ganglion block showed significant positive correlation with changes in lnHF (p<0.005) and lnTF (p<0.05). These results suggest that (1) autonomic innervation to the sinus node is mainly through the right-sided stellate ganglion, (2) pharmacological right-sided stellate ganglion block may attenuate not only sympathetic but also parasympathetic activity and (3) following right stellate ganglion block the decrease in both the sympathetic and parasympathetic influence on the sinus node may inconsistently counterbalance and change the RR interval. (+info)

Hepatic and central nervous system cytochrome P450 are down-regulated during lipopolysaccharide-evoked localized inflammation in brain. (5/148)

The effect of central nervous system inflammation on the levels and activity of hepatic and brain cytochrome P450 were examined in the rat. Brain ethoxyresorufin dealkylkase (EROD) was depressed during localized inflammatory responses evoked by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injected into the lateral ventricle. This loss was accompanied by a concomitant loss of EROD activity and cytochrome P450 in liver. Similar losses in hepatic enzyme were observed for benzyloxy-resorufin and pentoxy-resorufin dealkylase (CYP2B) and chlorzoxazone hydroxylation (CYP2E). Protein levels of CYP2D and CYP2E1 but not CYP1A also were depressed. Similar i.p. doses of LPS had no effect on hepatic cytochrome P450, indicating that the hepatic effect was not caused by LPS leakage from the central nervous system. Also in support of this contention is that heat shock protein 27 was expressed throughout the brain by LPS given i.c. v. but was undetectable in the liver. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha given i.c.v. depressed EROD activity in the brain but this was not accompanied by a concomitant loss in the liver. Hepatic EROD did respond to the i.p. injection of tumor necrosis factor-alpha. The LPS-evoked loss in hepatic cytochrome P450 could not be prevented by blocking beta-receptor-mediated sympathetic nerve activity. This study demonstrates that localized inflammatory responses in the brain cause a concomitant down-regulation of cytochrome P450 and drug-metabolizing activity in the liver and the brain. The effect on brain cytochrome P450 may be regulated via cytokine-mediated pathways but signaling to the liver does not involve a cytokine-mediated pathway nor a beta-receptor-mediated sympathetic nerve pathway. (+info)

Treating electrical storm : sympathetic blockade versus advanced cardiac life support-guided therapy. (6/148)

BACKGROUND: Electrical storm (ES), defined as recurrent multiple ventricular fibrillation (VF) episodes, often occurs in patients with recent myocardial infarction. Because treating ES according to the Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) guidelines yields a poor outcome, we evaluated the efficacy of sympathetic blockade in treating ES patients and compared their outcome with that of patients treated according to the ACLS guidelines. METHODS AND RESULTS: Forty-nine patients (36 men, 13 women, mean age 57+/-10 years) who had ES associated with a recent myocardial infarction were separated into 2 groups. Patients in group 1 (n=27) received sympathetic blockade treatment: 6 left stellate ganglionic blockade, 7 esmolol, and 14 propranolol. Patients in group 2 (n=22) received antiarrhythmic medication as recommended by the ACLS guidelines. Patient characteristics were similar in the 2 groups. The 1-week mortality rate was higher in group 2: 18 (82%) of the 22 patients died, all of refractory VF; 6 (22%) of the 27 group 1 patients died, 3 of refractory VF (P<0.0001). Patients who survived the initial ES event did well over the 1-year follow-up period: Overall survival in group 1 was 67%, compared with 5% in group 2 (P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Sympathetic blockade is superior to the antiarrhythmic therapy recommended by the ACLS guidelines in treating ES patients. Our study emphasizes the role of increased sympathetic activity in the genesis of ES. Sympathetic blockade-not class 1 antiarrhythmic drugs-should be the treatment of choice for ES. (+info)

Periischemic cerebral blood flow (CBF) does not explain beneficial effects of isoflurane on outcome from near-complete forebrain ischemia in rats. (7/148)

BACKGROUND: Isoflurane improves outcome from near-complete forebrain ischemia in rats compared with fentanyl-nitrous oxide (N2O). Sympathetic ganglionic blockade with trimethaphan abolishes this beneficial effect. To evaluate whether anesthesia-related differences in cerebral blood flow (CBF) may explain these findings, this study compared regional CBF before, during, and after near-complete forebrain ischemia in rats anesthetized with either isoflurane (with and without trimethaphan) or fentanyl-nitrous oxide. METHODS: Fasted, normothermic isoflurane anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats were prepared for near-complete forebrain ischemia (10 min of bilateral carotid occlusion and mean arterial pressure = 30 mmHg). After surgery, rats were anesthetized with either 1.4% isoflurane (with or without 2.5 mg of trimethaphan intravenously at onset of ischemia) or fentanyl-nitrous oxide (25 microgram. kg-1. h-1. 70% N2O-1). Regional CBF was determined (14C-iodoantipyrine autoradiography) before ischemia, 8 min after onset of ischemia, and 30 min after onset of reperfusion. RESULTS: Regional CBF did not differ significantly among groups at any measurement interval. Ischemia caused a marked flow reduction to 5% or less of baseline (P < 0.001) in selectively vulnerable regions, such as the cortex, caudoputamen and hippocampus, whereas flow in the brain stem and cerebellum was preserved. Reperfusion at 30 min was associated with partial restoration of flow to 35-50% of baseline values in ischemic structures. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that improved histologic-behavioral outcome provided by isoflurane anesthesia cannot be explained by differential vasodilative effects of the anesthetic states before, during, or after severe forebrain ischemia. This study also shows severe postischemic delayed hypoperfusion that was not affected by choice of anesthetic or the presence of trimethaphan. Mechanisms other than effects on periischemic CBF must be responsible for beneficial effects of isoflurane in this model. (+info)

Capsaicin increases modulation of sympathetic nerve activity in rats: measurement using power spectral analysis of heart rate fluctuations. (8/148)

We assessed the sympatho-vagal activities of the heart after administration of capsaicin by measuring the power spectral analysis in rats. There were major two frequency components of heart rate variability, which we defined as high (1.0 Hz <, HF) and low (LF, < 1.0 Hz) frequency components. Vagal blockade by atropine abolished the high frequency component, and lowered the amplitude of the low frequency component. On the other hand, under conditions of sympathetic blockade by propranolol, the low frequency component was reduced. Combined vagal and sympathetic blockade abolished all heart rate fluctuations. We analyzed the low and high frequency components by integrating the spectrum for the respective band width. The rats administered capsaicin had a higher heart rate and sympathetic nervous system index (LF/HF) than the control group of rats. These results suggest that power spectral analysis is an effective and noninvasive method for detecting subtle changes in autonomic activity in response to the intake of foods or drugs. (+info)

It acts by blocking nerve function (neuromuscular blockade) through inhibition of the excitatory neurotransmitter ... This can lead to a variety of autonomic signs and symptoms described above. In all cases, illness is caused by the botulinum ... Furthermore, acetylcholine release from the presynaptic membranes of muscarinic nerve synapses is blocked. ... The pattern of damage occurs because the toxin affects nerves that fire (depolarize) at a higher frequency first. Mechanisms of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botulism

Through a series of experiments involving the vagus nerves of frogs, Loewi was able to manually slow the heart rate of frogs by ... An antagonist may also be called a receptor "blocker" because they block the effect of an agonist at the site. The ... It activates skeletal muscles in the somatic nervous system and may either excite or inhibit internal organs in the autonomic ... They transmit signals across a chemical synapse, such as a neuromuscular junction, from one neuron (nerve cell) to another " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuro_transmitter

This demyelination slows down or completely blocks the conduction of action potentials through the axon of the nerve cell ( ... They may be caused by motor neurone diseases, sensory neuronopathies, toxins, or autonomic dysfunction. Neurotoxins such as ... nerve conduction studies, urinalysis, serum creatine kinase (CK) and antibody testing (nerve biopsy is sometimes done). Other ... Distal axonopathy, is the result of interrupted function of the peripheral nerves. It is the most common response of neurons to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyneuropathy

... nerve block MeSH E03.155.086.711.299 - autonomic nerve block MeSH E03.155.141 - anesthesia, dental MeSH E03.155.141.481 - ... transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation MeSH E03.091.823.500 - electroacupuncture MeSH E03.155.086 - anesthesia, conduction ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(E03)

... present at different nerves and receptors in the body because acetylcholinesterase is blocked. Accumulation of ACh at motor ... When there is an accumulation of ACh at autonomic ganglia synapses this causes overstimulation of muscarinic expression in the ... Experience of nerve agents and acute pesticide poisoning on the effects of oximes". Journal of Physiology. 92 (5-6): 375-378. ... This loss of function and ataxia of peripheral nerves and spinal cord is the phenomenon of OPIDP. Once the symptoms begin with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organophosphate_poisoning

Through a series of experiments involving the vagus nerves of frogs, Loewi was able to manually slow the heart rate of frogs by ... Cocaine, for example, blocks the re-uptake of dopamine back into the presynaptic neuron, leaving the neurotransmitter molecules ... It activates skeletal muscles in the somatic nervous system and may either excite or inhibit internal organs in the autonomic ... A neuron transports its information by way of a nerve impulse called an action potential. When an action potential arrives at ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotransmitter

Here, the antibodies inhibit the release of neurotransmitters, resulting in muscle weakness and autonomic dysfunctions. Nerve ... Electrodiagnostic findings that may implicate GBS include: Complete conduction blocks Abnormal or absent F waves Attenuated ... Nerve conduction velocity (CV) is an important aspect of nerve conduction studies. It is the speed at which an electrochemical ... Normal impulses in peripheral nerves of the legs travel at 40-45 m/s, and 50-65 m/s in peripheral nerves of the arms. Largely ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nerve_conduction_velocity

This procedure involves an injection of an anesthetic in the sympathetic nerve tissue to block the sympathetic nerves ... that causes dysregulation of the central and autonomic nervous system. This causes an upregulation of pain and temperature ... Splanchnic nerves are paired visceral nerves carrying preganglionic sympathetic and general visceral afferent fibers. The ... One common procedure is the lumbar sympathetic nerve block. ... The lumbar splanchnic nerves arise from the ganglia here, and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumbar_ganglia

... nerve block MeSH E04.525.210.560 - nerve crush MeSH E04.525.210.700 - rhizotomy MeSH E04.525.210.850 - vagotomy MeSH E04.525. ... autonomic denervation MeSH E04.525.210.080.600 - parasympathectomy MeSH E04.525.210.080.600.850 - vagotomy MeSH E04.525.210.080 ... nerve transfer MeSH E04.525.600 - psychosurgery MeSH E04.525.770 - split-brain procedure MeSH E04.525.800 - stereotaxic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(E04)

On the nerve conduction study, the presence of conduction block predicts poorer outcome at 6 months. In those who have received ... The autonomic or involuntary nervous system, which is involved in the control of body functions such as heart rate and blood ... The nerve cells have their body (the soma) in the spinal cord and a long projection (the axon) that carries electrical nerve ... The nerve dysfunction in Guillain-Barré syndrome is caused by an immune attack on the nerve cells of the peripheral nervous ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillain–Barré_syndrome

By acting on the receptors and acetylcholinesterase involved in transmission of nerve signals, autonomic drugs can be adopted ... It blocks the release of acetylcholine from the presynaptic neuron and therefore acetylcholine cannot interact with receptors ... 2 receptors are mainly located in nerve endings of presynaptic nerve, activating them result in decreased presynaptic ... Autonomic drugs are used clinically to treat diseases that are related to the parasympathetic nervous system. Bethanechol is a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomic_drug

Sensory symptoms and muscle weakness, often with cranial nerve weakness and autonomic involvement Most common in Europe and ... the presence of conduction block predicts poorer outcome at 6 months.[11] In those who have received intravenous ... Autonomic dysfunction[edit]. The autonomic or involuntary nervous system, which is involved in the control of body functions ... The nerve cells have their body (the soma) in the spinal cord and a long projection (the axon) that carries electrical nerve ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillain-Barre

... how the vagus nerve affects various functions of the heart, the causes of Wenckebach heart block, and the effect of ... Levy carried out pioneering research on the relationship between the heart and the autonomic nervous system and was sometimes ... for his pioneering research on the relationship between the heart and the autonomic nervous system. Some of his studies ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_N._Levy

At the mechanistic level, TEA has long been known to block voltage-dependent K+ channels in nerve, and it is thought that this ... It is clear that TEA blocks autonomic ganglia - it was the first "ganglionic blocker" drug to be introduced into clinical ... TEA also blocks Ca2+ - activated K+ channels, such as those found in skeletal muscle and pituitary cells. It has also been ... G. K. Moe and W. A. Freyburger (1950). "Ganglionic blocking agents." Pharmacol. Rev. 2 61-95. R. C. Elliott (1982). "The action ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetraethylammonium

Sensory-motor problems and autonomic function defect are severe. There is no nerve conduction distal to the site of injury (3 ... In neurapraxia, there is a physiologic block of nerve conduction in the affected axons. Other characteristics: It is the ... Nerve Nerve fiber Peripheral nerve injury (Nerve injury) Connective tissue in the peripheral nervous system Neuroregeneration ... Classification of nerve injury was described by Seddon in 1943 and by Sunderland in 1951. The lowest degree of nerve injury in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripheral_nerve_injury_classification

The drug idazoxan blocks α2 autoreceptors and hence acts as an antagonist.) All adrenergic receptors are metabotropic, coupled ... one of two divisions of the autonomic nervous system which is responsible for the fight-or-flight response. This system ... An adrenergic nerve impulse is triggered when one nerve fires repeatedly or when several nerves fire simultaneously which can ... The nerve fibre is a thread-like extension of a nerve cell that includes the axon which may or may not be encased in a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenergic_nerve_fibre

Nerve fibres from the maxillary and mandibular divisions of the trigeminal nerve have also been documented. These afferents ... Paton J, Boscan P, Pickering A, Nalivaiko E (2005). "The yin and yang of cardiac autonomic control: vago-sympathetic ... The reflex can be blocked by intravenous injection of an anti-muscarinic acetylcholine (ACh) antagonist, such as atropine or ... The reflex is mediated by nerve connections between the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal cranial nerve via the ciliary ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oculocardiac_reflex

This type of nerve damage may cause paralysis of the motor, sensory, and autonomic. Mainly seen in crush injury. If the force ... This process is dependent on new transcription, as blocking the ability of cells to transcribe new mRNA severely impairs ... on nerve autografts and tissue-engineered nerve grafts". Muscle & Nerve. 26 (1): 87-93. doi:10.1002/mus.10165. PMID 12115953. ... There is a complete loss of motor, sensory and autonomic function. If the nerve has been completely divided, axonal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nerve_injury

It also has ganglionic blocking effects, causing transient autonomic symptoms such as hypotension. Muscles stimulated at a high ... Triethylcholine seems to interfere with the synthesis of acetylcholine in the presynaptic nerve endings, since its effects are ... and causes failure of cholinergic transmission by interfering with synthesis of acetylcholine in nerve endings. Triethylcholine ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triethylcholine

... tenth cranial nerve). The vagus nerve is a major component of the parasympathetic nervous system (a branch of the autonomic ... Sayin MR, Karabag T, Dogan SM, Akpinar I, Aydin M (April 2012). "Transient ST segment elevation and left bundle branch block ... The primary mediator of this grayanotoxin pathophysiology is the paired vagus nerve ( ... electrocardiographic changes of bundle branch block and/or ST-segment elevations as seen in ischemic myocardial threat, and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grayanotoxin

The vagus nerves are normally referred to in the singular. It is the longest nerve of the autonomic nervous system in the human ... "Device blocking stomach nerve signals shows promise in obesity" (Press release). Mayo Clinic. Archived from the original on 8 ... The vagus nerve, historically cited as the pneumogastric nerve, is the tenth cranial nerve or CN X, and interfaces with the ... Pharyngeal nerve Superior laryngeal nerve Superior cervical cardiac branches of vagus nerve Inferior cervical cardiac branch ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vagus_nerve

Nerve blocks are commonly used in dentistry, when the mandibular nerve is blocked for procedures on the lower teeth. With ... lack of sensation which also blunts autonomic reflexes) muscle relaxation Different types of anesthesia affect the endpoints ... The latter are called nerve blocks and are divided into peripheral or central nerve blocks. The following are the types of ... Peripheral nerve block: local anesthetic is injected near a nerve that provides sensation to particular portion of the body. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anesthesia

If the AV node were blocked, the atrioventricular bundle would fire at a rate of approximately 30-40 impulses per minute. The ... It is also influenced by central factors through sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves of the two paired cardiovascular ... In addition to the autonomic nervous system, other factors can affect this. These include epinephrine, norepinephrine, and ... High blood pressure medications are used to block these receptors and so reduce the heart rate. The cardiovascular centres ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_physiology

Therefore, stimulation of the accelerans nerve increases heart rate, while stimulation of the vagus nerve decreases it.[4] ... A very slow heart rate (bradycardia) may be associated with heart block.[medical citation needed] It may also arise from ... Autonomic Innervation of the Heart - Cardioaccelerator and cardioinhibitory areas are components of the paired cardiac centers ... They innervate the heart via sympathetic cardiac nerves that increase cardiac activity and vagus (parasympathetic) nerves that ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_rate

Overstimulation of the nerves in the central nervous system, specifically in the brain, may result in drowsiness, mental ... In the autonomic nervous system, accumulation of acetylcholine leads to the overstimulation of muscarinic receptors of the ... The mechanism for treatment after exposure is to block the muscarinic receptor activation. Anticonvulsants are used to control ... Azinphos-methyl is a neurotoxin derived from nerve agents developed during World War II. It was first registered in the US in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azinphos-methyl

... are often called parasympatholytics because they have the same effect as agents that block postganglionic parasympatic nerves. ... M1 and M4 subtypes are more abundant in brain and autonomic ganglia. M1, M3 and M5 interact with Gq proteins to stimulate ... The M2 and M3 subtypes mediate muscarinic responses at peripheral autonomic tissues. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscarine

... receptor antagonist, a type of drug blocking one or more subtypes of adrenergic receptors This mainly includes drugs ... Adrenergic nervous system, a part of the autonomic nervous system that uses epinephrine or norepinephrine as its ... a protein transporting norepinephrine from the synaptic cleft into nerve cells Regarding pharmaceutical drugs: Adrenergic ... Adrenergic reuptake inhibitor, a type of drug blocking the norepinephrine transporter This includes antidepressants and drugs ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenergic

The most common known mechanism is autonomic neuropathy of the nerve which innervates the stomach: the vagus nerve. ... Davis, Mellar P.; Weller, Renee; Regel, Sally (2018), MacLeod, Roderick Duncan; van den Block, Lieve (eds.), "Gastroparesis and ... as high levels of blood glucose may effect chemical changes in the nerves. The vagus nerve becomes damaged by years of high ... It is, however, frequently caused by autonomic neuropathy. This may occur in people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes, about 30-50 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastroparesis

Anatomic Landmarks for Selected Nerves of the Head, Neck, and Upper and Lower Limbs", Nerves and Nerve Injuries, San Diego: ... Stellate ganglion block also shows great potential as a means of reducing the number of hot flushes and night awakenings ... Shapira, Ira L. (11 April 2019). "Neuromuscular dentistry and the role of the autonomic nervous system: Sphenopalatine ganglion ... Nerve fibers from the Stellate Ganglion go up the superior cervical sympathetic chain and into the Pterygopalatine ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellate_ganglion

Autonomic and Enteric Ganglia. New York: Plenum Press. Karczmar, A. G., Koppanyi, T. and Sheatz, G. C. 1951. Studies on ... In the 1940s Karczmar proposed the existence of a nerve growth factor on the basis of his demonstration of the quantitative ... Antagonisms between a bis-quaternary oxamide, WIN 8078, and depolarizing and competitive blocking agents. J. Pharmacol. Exper. ... The role of amputation and nerve resection in the regressing limbs of urodele larvae. J. Exper. Zool. 11013: 401-426. Karczmar ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alex_Karczmar

"A quantitative description of membrane current and its application to conduction and excitation in nerve". J. Physiol. 117 (4 ... the richness of biophysical properties on the single-neuron scale can supply mechanisms that serve as the building blocks for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational_neuroscientist

It contains tetrodotoxin, which causes paralysis by blocking the transmission of nerve impulses to the muscles. This causes ... An autonomic response keeps the octopus's eyes oriented so that the pupil is always horizontal.[22] Octopuses may also use the ... or by drilling a hole in the shell to inject a nerve toxin.[73][72] It used to be thought that the hole was drilled by the ... Two-thirds of an octopus's neurons are found in the nerve cords of its arms, which show a variety of complex reflex actions ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octopoda

陰部麻醉（英语：Pudendal anesthesia）也稱為阴部神经阻滞，或鞍神经阻滞（saddle nerve block），是產科使用的局部麻醉，可在分娩時麻醉陰部[16]。此麻醉方式會在陰道內壁注射利多卡因，目的是要影響陰部神經[17]。 ... 脊神經（英语：Template:Spinal nerves）. *自律神經（英语：Template:Autonomic nervous system） ... 闭孔内肌神经（英语：Obturator internus nerve）. *梨状肌神经（英语：Piriformis nerve）).

https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/陰部神經

Percutaneous sympathectomy is a minimally invasive procedure similar to the botulinum method, in which nerves are blocked by an ... Congenital autonomic dysfunction with universal pain loss. *Exposure to cold, notably associated with cold-induced sweating ... Injections of botulinum toxin type A can be used to block neural control of sweat glands. The effect can last from 3-9 months ... Reisfeld, Rafael (2006). "Sympathectomy for hyperhidrosis: Should we place the clamps at T2-T3 or T3-T4?". Clinical Autonomic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmar_hyperhidrosis

The medulla oblongata then distributes messages along motor or efferent nerves belonging to the autonomic nervous system to a ... "Calcium block of Na+ channels and its effect on closing rate". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United ... via afferent nerve fibers, to the solitary nucleus in the medulla oblongata.[48] From here motor nerves belonging to the ... At the same time the heart is stimulated via cholinergic parasympathetic nerves to beat more slowly (called bradycardia), ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_homeostasis

Cephalic tetanus is the rarest form of the disease (0.9-3% of cases)[15] and is limited to muscles and nerves in the head.[16] ... The autonomic effects of tetanus can be difficult to manage (alternating hyper- and hypotension hyperpyrexia/hypothermia) and ... The effect of the toxin is to block the release of inhibitory neurotransmitters glycine and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) ... There it becomes rapidly fixed to gangliosides at the presynaptic inhibitory motor nerve endings, and is taken up into the axon ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetanus

Though the symptoms are mainly sensory, in some cases motor nerves and the autonomic nervous system are affected.[99] CIPN ... Many of them have a similar structure to the building blocks of DNA and RNA. The building blocks are nucleotides; a molecule ... Anti-microtubule agents are plant-derived chemicals that block cell division by preventing microtubule function. Microtubules ... The second group, catalytic inhibitors, are drugs that block the activity of topoisomerase II, and therefore prevent DNA ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemotherapeutics

Zhai R. Grace; Bellen Hugo J. (2004). "The Architecture of the Active Zone in the Presynaptic Nerve Terminal". Physiology. 19 ( ... Stanley EF (1993). "Single calcium channels and acetylcholine release at a presynaptic nerve terminal". Neuron. 11 (6): 1007- ... Autonomic ganglion (Preganglionic nerve fibers. *Postganglionic nerve fibers). *Nerve fascicle. *Funiculus. Connective tissues ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_zone

... and autonomic control. The insula controls autonomic functions through the regulation of the sympathetic and parasympathetic ... The insula was first described by Johann Christian Reil while describing cranial and spinal nerves and plexi.[86] Henry Gray in ... blocking "negative emotions and negative arousal arising from predictive uncertainty," which will be experienced as emotional ... To be specific, the anterior insula is related more to olfactory, gustatory, viscero-autonomic, and limbic function, whereas ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insular_lobe

The male condom is rolled onto an erect penis before intercourse and works by blocking semen from entering the body of a sexual ... Experienced by males and females, orgasms are controlled by the involuntary or autonomic nervous system. They are often ... and is estimated to have about 8,000 sensory nerve endings.. Sexological, medical, and psychological debate have focused on the ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Sexuality

More rare manifestations are acute confusional state, Guillain-Barré syndrome, aseptic meningitis, autonomic disorder, ... and sometimes with systemic abnormalities such as heart block or enlargement of the liver and spleen.[41] Neonatal lupus is ... and headache with occasional abducens nerve paresis, absence of a space-occupying lesion or ventricular enlargement, and normal ... SS-A and SS-B confer a specific risk for heart conduction block in neonatal lupus.[71] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemic_lupus_erythematosus

... blocking nerves and muscle function. In severe cases, the toxin can block nerves controlling the respiratory system or heart, ... he concluded that the toxin acts by interrupting signal transmission in the somatic and autonomic motor systems, without ... The mechanism of botulinum toxin action - blocking the release from nerve endings of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine - was ... First, the toxin binds specifically to nerves which use the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Once bound to the nerve terminal, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botulinum

Nerve. Pancreatic plexus, celiac ganglia, vagus nerve[1]. Lymph. Splenic lymph nodes, celiac lymph nodes and superior ... Activity of the cells in the islets is also affected by the autonomic nervous system. ... Jaundice occurs when the outflow of bile is blocked by the cancer. Other less common symptoms include nausea, vomiting, ... as well as acetylcholine stimulation from the vagus nerve. Secretin is released from the S cells which form part of the lining ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancreas

"Is Floyd Mayweather a Jersey guy? Tracing his roots to a New Brunswick block", NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, May 1, 2015. ... "even if Asbury Park has recently returned as our state's musical nerve center, with the brick-and-mortar venues and ... a theory that links the evolution of the autonomic nervous system to the emergence of social behavior." ... The Fredonian, a popular newspaper, was located less than a block away from the aforementioned Market-House and helped ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Brunswick,_NJ

Since calcium blocks sodium channels and inhibits depolarization of nerve and muscle fibers,reduced calcium lowers the ... Durlach, J; Bac, P; Durlach, V; Bara, M; Guiet-Bara, A (June 1997). "Neurotic, neuromuscular and autonomic nervous form of ... "Calcium block of Na+ channels and its effect on closing rate". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypocalcemia

Block, Ned (2010-11-26). "Book Review - By Antonio Damasio". The New York Times. Retrieved 2016-11-08.. ... Tranel D, Damasio A (1985). "Knowledge without awareness: An autonomic index of facial recognition by prosopagnosics". Science ... scientific validation of the linkage between feelings and the body by highlighting the connection between mind and nerve cells ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/António_Damásio

The latter consists of sensory nerves that transmit information from sense organs and motor nerves that influence target organs ... It was the advent of microscopy that opened up an understanding of the building blocks that constituted living tissues. ... and the autonomic nervous system which involuntarily controls smooth muscle, certain glands and internal organs, including the ... the nerves form a nerve net, but in most animals they are organized longitudinally into bundles. In simple animals, receptor ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomy_and_physiology

Lead-ions (Pb2+), like magnesium-ions (Mg2+), blocks NMDA receptors. Since the normal Pb2+ concentration in the extracellular ... Lead affects the peripheral nervous system (especially motor nerves) and the central nervous system.[24] Peripheral nervous ... People who have been exposed to higher concentrations of lead may be at a higher risk for cardiac autonomic dysfunction on days ... as well as slowed motor nerve conduction and headache can occur.[30] Anemia may appear at blood lead levels higher than 50 μg/ ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead_poisoning

For familial amyloidosis, ACE-inhibitors and beta-blockers can be prescribed if there is no autonomic neuropathy.[1] ... Extracardiac biopsies of tissues of the kidney, liver, peripheral nerve, or abdominal fat can be used to confirm the presence ... EKG changes may be present, showing low voltage and conduction abnormalities like atrioventricular block or sinus node ... first/second degree heart blocks, atrial fibrillation, syncope, elevated neck veins and jugular venous pressure.[6] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_amyloidosis

... some have been used as nerve agents (Sarin and VX nerve gas) or pesticides (organophosphates and the carbamates). Many toxins ... The autonomic nervous system controls a wide range of involuntary and unconscious body functions. Its main branches are the ... Blocking, hindering or mimicking the action of acetylcholine has many uses in medicine. Drugs acting on the acetylcholine ... These motor neurons send their axons through motor nerves, from which they emerge to connect to muscle fibers at a special type ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetylcholine

... s block the conversion of Angiotensin I (ATI) to Angiotensin II (ATII).[12] They thereby lower arteriolar ... Adigun AQ, Asiyanbola B, Ajayi AA (2001). "Cardiac autonomic function in Blacks with congestive heart failure: vagomimetic ... Hyperkalemia may decrease the velocity of impulse conduction in the nerves and muscles, including cardiac tissues. This leads ... This combination may increase levels of bradykinin while blocking the generation of angiotensin II and its activity at the AT1 ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACE_inhibitors

... at least not in the rat optic nerve). Type-2 astrocytes are the major astrocytic component in postnatal optic nerve cultures ... "Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical. 175 (0): 61-69. doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2012.12.006. ISSN 1566-0702. PMC 3951246. PMID ... I.e., macroglia either block or enable the propagation of the stimulus along the nervous system, depending on their membrane ... In response to nerve damage, heat shock proteins (HSP) are released and can bind to their respective TLRs, leading to further ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astroglial_cell

1° (Free nerve ending → A delta fiber) → 2° (Anterior white commissure → Lateral and Anterior Spinothalamic tract → Spinal ... it was found that endogenously released zinc blocked GABA responses within the TC system specifically by interrupting ... Autonomic zones. *Anterior (parasympathetic/heat loss). *Posterior (sympathetic/heat conservation). Endocrine. *posterior ... 1° (Group C nerve fiber → Spinoreticular tract → Reticular formation) → 2° (MD of Thalamus) → 3° (Cingulate cortex) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thalamocortical_radiations

Typical or classical deliriants are those which block the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (antagonism). These are said to be ... LSD, mescaline, and psilocybin cause their effects by initially disrupting the interaction of nerve cells and the ... autonomic nervous system side effects should be minimal; and (5) addictive craving should be absent.[51] ... The classical dissociatives achieve their effect through blocking the signals received by the NMDA receptor set (NMDA receptor ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hallucinogen

The inner pleura (visceral pleura) covers the lungs and adjoining structures, including blood vessels, bronchi and nerves. The ... The visceral pleurae covering the lung itself receive their innervation from the autonomic nervous system and have no sensory ... Thus, a profound increase in the production of pleural fluid-or some blocking of the reabsorbing lymphatic system-is required ... The mediastinal and central portions of the diaphragmatic pleurae are innervated by the phrenic nerves. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleural_cavity

Occipital nerve block have been reported to be helpful for some people. 23/71 people had undergone a nerve block for their ... Cranial autonomic nervous symptoms occur with painful exacerbations in 21%, and cutaneous allodynia may be present in 26%. In ... The NDPH-ICHD group responded to the nerve block much more often (88.9%) than the NDPH with migraine features (42.9% responded ... Medications within the tetracycline family, mexiletine, corticosteroids and nerve blocks are being studied. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_daily_persistent_headache

Cluster Headaches. Autonomic Technologies. Autonomic Technologies Inc., 2013. Web. 10 Sept. 2013.. SPG Nerve Block. MiRx ... www.mirxprotocol.com/mirx-protocol/spg-nerve-block.html,.. Electronic Aspirin. SPG Stimulation Therapy. Cluster Headaches. ... A firewall is blocking access to Prezi content. Check out this article to learn more or contact your system administrator. ... Electronic Aspirin consists of a small implant near the SPG nerve bundle along with a hand-held remote that is used at the ...

https://prezi.com/2idzmgom9ko_/electronic-aspirin/

Autonomic Agents. Peripheral Nervous System Agents. Physiological Effects of Drugs. Gastrointestinal Agents. Glucocorticoids. ... Ultrasound Guided Trigeminal Nerve Block for Typical or Atypical Facial Pain. The safety and scientific validity of this study ... Ultrasound-guided trigeminal nerve block allows for fine adjustment of the needle tip and direct observation of the medicine. ... Phase 4 Study Comparing of Dexamethasone to Triamcinolone for Ultrasound-guided Trigeminal Nerve Block: A Randomized Controlled ...

https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02024724?term=Trigeminal+Neuralgia&rank=20

Autonomic Agents. Peripheral Nervous System Agents. Physiological Effects of Drugs. Gastrointestinal Agents. Glucocorticoids. ... The Duration of the Interscalene Nerve Block Which is Time to First Administration of Pain Medication After Block [ Time Frame ... The Effect of Dexamethasone on the Duration of Interscalene Nerve Blocks With Ropivacaine or Bupivacaine. This study has been ... The primary outcome is the duration of the interscalene nerve block which is time to first analgesic request after PACU ...

https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00801138

I have just been diagnosed with Autonomic Instability. Does anyone get horrible flushing with it? The flushing is caused by ... But maybe you are referring to nerve block? I almost tried that for the pain in my face for my trigeminal nerve (have TMJ ... But maybe you are referring to nerve block? I almost tried that for the pain in my face for my trigeminal nerve (have TMJ ... That was being treated with nerve block injections which worked for a while. More later, have a neice about to leave from a ...

https://www.medhelp.org/posts/Dysautonomia-Autonomic-Dysfunction/Just-diagnosed-with-Autonomic-Instability/show/1240329

Peripheral Autonomic Neuropathy. *Peripheral Nerve Block. *Peripheral Nerve Disorders. *Plantar Fasciitis. *Pyogenic Arthritis ... Ankle and foot specialists diagnose and treat localized conditions such as arthritis, bunions, nerve damage, and plantar ... Nerve Block, Somatic. *Nerve Root Injury and Plexus Disorders (incl. Pinched Nerve) ...

https://www.healthgrades.com/physician/dr-w-james-3gmyw

Peripheral Autonomic Neuropathy. *Peripheral Nerve Block. *Peripheral Nerve Disorders. *Plantar Fasciitis. *Pyogenic Arthritis ...

https://www.healthgrades.com/physician/dr-daniel-preece-3cmqv

Autonomic Nerve Block / methods* * Female * Follow-Up Studies * Ganglia, Spinal / diagnostic imaging ... Aim: To evaluate the role of computed tomography (CT) in needle placement for ganglion impar blocks, and to determine the ... All patients were subjected to ganglion impar blocks under a thin-section CT-guided technique for needle placement, using a ... The eight patients were treated with CT-guided ganglion impar blocks to manage their coccyx pain after conservative procedures ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20103417/

EUS-guided celiac block appears to be a safe, effective, and less costly method for controlling the abdominal pain that can ... EUS-guided celiac block provided more persistent pain relief than CT-guided block and was the preferred technique among the ... Autonomic Nerve Block / methods* * Bupivacaine * Celiac Plexus* * Chronic Disease * Cross-Over Studies ... The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy of EUS-guided celiac plexus block versus CT-guided celiac plexus block for ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10201454/?dopt=Abstract

... and insomnia and use Occipital Nerve Block and Tramadol to treat their pure autonomic failure and its symptoms. ... 46 patients with pure autonomic failure experience fatigue, depressed mood, pain, anxious mood, ... Find the most comprehensive real-world symptom and treatment data on pure autonomic failure at PatientsLikeMe. ... 0 evaluations from pure autonomic failure patients report that they could not tell effectiveness of Occipital Nerve Block for ...

https://www.patientslikeme.com/conditions/1084-pure-autonomic-failure

... and Iliohypogastric Nerve Blocks 84. Sympathetic Blocks: Stellate Ganglion, Lumbar Sympathetic Blocks, and Visceral Sympathetic ... Migraine Headache and the Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgias (TAC) 20. Tension-Type Headache, Chronic Tension-Type Headache, and ... and Iliohypogastric Nerve Blocks 84. Sympathetic Blocks: Stellate Ganglion, Lumbar Sympathetic Blocks, and Visceral Sympathetic ... Continuous Peripheral Nerve Blocks 17. Pediatric Postoperative Pain 18.. Chronic Pain After Surgery Section 4: Chronic Pain ...

https://www.worldcat.org/title/essentials-of-pain-medicine/oclc/1012163717

Autonomic Nerve Block. Interruption of sympathetic pathways, by local injection of an anesthetic agent, at any of four levels: ... SA block) or between atria and ventricles (AV block). Heart blocks can be classified by the duration, frequency, or ... Transversus Abdominis Plane Block for Laparoscopic Appendicectomy in Children. The transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block is a ... Transversus Abdominis Plane Block in Iliac Crest harvest-is it Beneficial?. The purpose of this study is to determine whether a ...

https://www.bioportfolio.com/resources/trial/70224/Assessment-of-Spread-of-Transversus-Abdominis-Plane-Block.html

... dysphonia secondary to recurrent laryngeal nerve block, hemi diaphragmatic paralysis due to ipsilateral phrenic nerve block, ... 9-11 When blocking the sympathetic nerve fibers, vasodilatation and increased blood flow of the blocked extremity follows. ... and 35min post-block. For clinical purposes, surgical block was achieved when the sensitive and motor block values were 0 or 1 ... The palmar T° of the blocked extremity increased significantly 5min post-block (32.5±1.8°C to 33.4±1.7°C; p=0.047), without any ...

https://www.elsevier.es/es-revista-colombian-journal-anesthesiology-342-articulo-ultrasound-guided-supraclavicular-perivascular-block--S2256208717300512

... clinicaltrials.gov The real-time visualization of a needle and nerve during an ultrasound-guided nerve block can be challenging ... Autonomic Nerve Block. Interruption of sympathetic pathways, by local injection of an anesthetic agent, at any of four levels: ... Pericapsular Nerve Group (PENG) Block for Hip Fracture.. Fascia iliaca block or femoral nerve block is used frequently in hip ... Tibial Nerve Versus Sciatic Nerve Block. The purpose of this study is to analyse the ability to selectively block the posterior ...

https://www.bioportfolio.com/resources/trial/68453/Influence-of-Ultrasonographic-Hydro-dissection-With-Glucose-5-on-Nerve-Block-Efficiency.html

Neurology block, Week 1 - Saads accident, Week 2 - Khalid and Norah, Themes, Week 3 - A nasty drop, Week 4 - My head hurts, ... 4.2.3. 3- Case Conference -Clinical disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System. 4.2.3.1. autonomic nervous system, someone with ... cranial nerves 3,7,6. 4.2.2. 2- Cerebrovascular Disease. 4.2.2.1. section of the brain with something red or black? hemorrhage ... Neurology block. by Mohammed Haneef 1. Week 1 - Saads accident. 1.1. Lectures. 1.1.1. 1- Introduction to Neurophysiology. 1.1. ...

https://www.mindmeister.com/324437212/neurology-block

Autonomic Nerve Block / adverse effects, methods*. Catheter Ablation / adverse effects. Cheek. Chronic Disease. Cluster ... Maxillary Nerve / injuries. Palate / innervation. Remission Induction. Treatment Outcome. From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of ... Next Document: Surgical reconstruction of the musculocutaneous nerve in traumatic brachial plexus injuries.. ... a partial RF lesion of the maxillary nerve was inadvertently made in four patients. Nine patients complained of hypesthesia of ...

http://www.biomedsearch.com/nih/Efficacy-sphenopalatine-ganglion-blockade-in/9384398.html

It blocks nerve receptors in the nose that are part of the autonomic nervous system. Your doctor may recommend its use before ... previously referred to the condition as autonomic rhinitis because of its connection to the autonomic nerves that go to the ... But the autonomic nerves may not be the only factor at play. An inflammatory response can also occur with nonallergic rhinitis ... Autonomic nerves can also cause nasal symptoms when a person eats spicy foods, consumes hot foods or drinks, exercises, lifts ...

https://www.uexpress.com/health/ask-the-doctors/2018/04/02

Autonomic innervation of the viscera in relation to nerve block. Anesthesiology. 1968;29(4):793-813. [CrossRef] [PubMed] ... The Autonomic Nervous System. 3rd ed. New York, NY; MacMillan Co; 1952. ...

https://jaoa.org/article.aspx?articleid=2599979&resultClick=1

In addition to causing pain and fatigue, the dysfunctional and hypersensitive autonomic nerves can cause a number of distinct ... Beta blockers block beta nerve signals from the autonomic nerves. If someone has hypertension, blocking the beta nerves can ... Another type of injection called occipital blocks can be given to anesthetize the occipital nerve, a major contributing nerve ... In addition to causing pain and fatigue, the dysfunctional and hypersensitive autonomic nerves can cause a number of distinct ...

https://www.prohealth.com/library/those-dysfunctional-autonomics-can-cause-a-number-of-conditions-that-are-part-of-fibromyalgia-but-may-require-distinct-treatments-23080

Autonomic innervation of the viscera in relation to nerve block. Anesthesiology. 1968;29(4):793-813. [CrossRef] [PubMed] ... Autonomic disturbance at the onset of acute myocardial infarction. Ir J Med Sci. 1973;142(3 suppl):26-37. [CrossRef] [PubMed] ... Autonomic neural influences on the dysrhythmias resulting from myocardial infarction. Circ Res. 1978;43(1):1-9. [CrossRef] [ ... The role of the autonomic nervous system in sudden coronary death. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1982;382:162-180. [CrossRef] [PubMed] ...

https://jaoa.org/article.aspx?articleid=2094464

Blocking agent definition at Dictionary.com, a free online dictionary with pronunciation, synonyms and translation. Look it up ... A drug that blocks transmission of nerve impulses at an autonomic receptor site, autonomic synapse, or neuromuscular junction. ... Jenny from the Block. Read more in this article about some frequently asked questions and fun facts related to our definitions. ...

https://www.dictionary.com/browse/blocking-agent

Part and Parcel of the Cardiac Autonomic Nerve System: Unravelling Its Cellular Building Blocks during Development ...

https://www.mdpi.com/2308-3425/3/3/27

... guided transpsoas genitofemoral nerve block is a viable option for safely and selectively blocking the genitofemoral nerve for ... The authors performed sympathetic nerve blockades in seven patients with peripheral ischemia and possible autonomic dysfunction ... Continuous peripheral nerve blocks. Current pain and headache reports Shinaman, R. C., Mackey, S. 2005; 9 (1): 24-29 Abstract. ... temporarily by blocking sympathetic nerves by doing a lumbar sympathetic block. Patients who respond only transiently to ...

https://med.stanford.edu/profiles/sean-mackey

ganglionic blocking agent one that blocks nerve impulses at autonomic ganglionic synapses. ... agent, myoneural blocking,. n a drug that prevents transmission of nerve impulses at the junction of the nerve and the muscle. ... cholinergic blocking agent. one that blocks the action of acetylcholine at nicotinic or muscarinic receptors of nerves or ... adrenergic blocking agent one that inhibits response to sympathetic impulses by blocking the alpha (alpha-adrenergic blocking a ...

https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/agent+properties

Rats were immobilized with curare; this drug blocks the junction between muscle and nerve to paralyze the skeletal muscles. ... However, a curarized individual still can show autonomic, involuntary signs of emotional activity such as a rapidly beating ... and birds on the pattern of nerve conduction in the optic nerve of the horseshoe crab. There was little concern even for ... The evidence appears to destroy the once-popular hypothesis that involuntary autonomic reactions are subject only to classical ...

https://www.britannica.com/science/learning-theory

Abdominal Pain /etiology /therapy; Autonomic Nerve Block /methods; Celiac Plexus; Clinical Trials as Topic; Endosonography / ... Endoscopic ultrasound-guided coeliac plexus block for chronic pancreatitis should be used in acute flares of the condition as a ... Included studies had to enrol at least 10 patients who had received endoscopic ultrasound-guided coeliac plexus block or ... Six studies (n=221) were included in the analysis of endoscopic ultrasound-guided coeliac plexus block for chronic pancreatitis ...

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/CRDWeb/ShowRecord.asp?AccessionNumber=12010001642&AccessionNumber=12010001642

... for alleviating pain has exposed cancers weak spot and may finally enable us to stop the disease by disabling the nerves that ... But alcohol, like many nerve-blocking agents, tends to indiscriminately destroy all nerves - and not all nerves contribute to ... In prostate cancer, however, its not sensory neurons but nerves in our involuntary, "autonomic" nervous system that seem to ... But the nerve-blocking botulinum toxin, known as Botox, could provide a solution. By preventing the release of a chemical ...

https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg23631480-200-how-hitting-our-nervous-system-could-let-us-defeat-cancer/

... are usually observed and used to assess nociception and a patients autonomic unbalance. During general anesthesia ... Use of a peripheral nerve block, penile block. Contacts and Locations. Go to Top of Page Study Description Study Design Arms ...

https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02608775

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is a very complex, multifaceted neural network that maintains internal physiologic ... Cocaine (4-5% solution) blocks reuptake of norepinephrine in sympathetic nerve terminals innervating pupillary dilator muscles ... encoded search term (Autonomic Nervous System Anatomy) and Autonomic Nervous System Anatomy What to Read Next on Medscape. ... Overview of Autonomic Testing. Various tests measuring autonomic function are available. [5, 6, 7] Both cardiovascular and ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1922943-overview

The validity of analysing HRV to assess autonomic nervous function has been verified in studies using autonomic nerve blocking ... In view of our results, previously reported findings1-9,20 may be explained in part by the rhythmic shift in autonomic nervous ... Effect of dog-walking on autonomic nervous activity in senior citizens. Masahiko Motooka, Nell L Kennedy, Hiroto Koike and ... by the autonomic nervous system and that rhythms of the RR interval are mediated largely by fluctuations of vagal-cardiac nerve ...

https://www.mja.com.au/journal/2006/184/2/effect-dog-walking-autonomic-nervous-activity-senior-citizens

Devor M, Wall PD, Catalan N: Systemic lidocaine silences ectopic neuroma and DRG discharge without blocking nerve conduction. ... Chabal C, Jacobson L, Mariano A, et al.: The use of oral mexiletine for the treatment of pain after peripheral nerve injury. ... This article describes the role of intravenous lidocaine and mexiletine in the management of headache and trigeminal autonomic ... Cohen AS, Matharu MS, Goadsby PJ: Trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias: current and future treatments. Headache 2007, 47:969-980. ...

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11916-010-0098-6

Pure autonomic failure affects the autonomic nervous system which controls involuntary actions, including breathing, blood pressure, and heart rate. (patientslikeme.com)
autonomic nervous system, someone with hornor syndrome (partial ptosis) with contralateral numbness of the body? (mindmeister.com)
Note: The autonomic nervous system (ANS) maintains the "automatic" bodily functions performed by many organs, muscles and glands, and drives responses to physical or emotional stress (fight or flight). (prohealth.com)
In addition to affecting the voluntary muscles, it can also cause disruptions in the autonomic nervous system. (wikipedia.org)
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is a very complex, multifaceted neural network that maintains internal physiologic homeostasis. (medscape.com)
The goal for this article remains focused at step III on the anatomy of the autonomic nervous system, as follows. (medscape.com)
Because the autonomic nervous system maintains internal physiologic homeostasis, disorders of this system can be present with both central as well as peripheral nervous system localization. (medscape.com)
Besides nerve localization in the peripheral nervous system, it occurs in diseases of the presynaptic neuromuscular junction such as botulism and myasthenic syndrome. (medscape.com)
As variability in the autonomic nervous system plays a crucial role in almost every vital function, 10 analysing the oscillations of parasympathetic neural activity, equated with cardiac vagal tone, would conceivably shed light on the physiological effects a pet dog might have on a person walking the dog or patting the dog. (mja.com.au)
The musculoskeletal system and the autonomic nervous system. (sleepandhealth.com)
Sympathetic nervous system: efferent nerve activity. (asahq.org)
It is a stimulant of the vagus and autonomic nervous system and functions as a vasodilator and cardiac depressant. (thefreedictionary.com)
A neurotransmitter that stimulates nicotinic receptors in autonomic ganglia, at the motor endplates of skeletal muscle, and in the central nervous system as well as muscarinic receptors in smooth muscle, in exocrine glands, and in the central nervous system. (thefreedictionary.com)
Scopolamine affects the autonomic nervous system and is used as a sedative, to prevent motion sickness, to treat eye lens muscle paralysis (cycloplegic), and to dilate the pupil (mydriatic). (encyclopedia.com)
The two major divisions of the efferent nervous system are the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system which controls the activities of the myocardium and the vascular smooth muscles (see "Overview of. (apologeticspress.org)
One primary difference between the somatic and the autonomic nervous systems is that the cell bodies (where the nucleus is located) of somatic motor neurons are located within the central nervous system. (apologeticspress.org)
The ability of the autonomic nervous system to excite and inhibit targets directly, combined with the anatomical arrangement of effector neurons in the interconnected autonomic ganglia, permits the system to respond to environmental demands in a concerted fashion (1991, p. 763). (apologeticspress.org)
The autonomic nervous system innervates primarily involuntary structures such as smooth muscle lining the vessels and digestive system, as well as organs and glands. (apologeticspress.org)
All of the motor neurons within the autonomic system are located outside of the central nervous system. (apologeticspress.org)
The autonomic nervous system is disynaptic, with one synapse taking place in a peripheral autonomic ganglion, and the other taking place at the target organ. (apologeticspress.org)
The American Autonomic Society was established to bring together individuals from diverse disciplines who share an interest in the structure and function of the autonomic nervous system and in the pathology, treatment, and prevention of its disorders. (americanautonomicsociety.org)
Its science proclaimed that psychiatric problems came from the autonomic nervous system. (madinamerica.com)
IST was said to work by blocking the nerve cells of the parasympathetic nervous system, thereby intensifying their tonus and strengthening their anabolic force. (madinamerica.com)
Pure sympathetic nerve density without tumour invasion and perineural invasion specifically involving non-adrenergic, non-nitrergic fibres are independent predictors of biochemical recurrence post prostatectomy, supporting a role for the autonomic nervous system in prostate cancer progression. (urotoday.com)
It usually begins in the hands and feet and may progress to the arms and legs and sometimes to other parts of the body where it may affect the autonomic nervous system. (wikipedia.org)
When the VX nerve agent is present in the nervous system, it inactivates the enzyme cholinesterase. (faqs.org)
They are part of the autonomic nervous system and control many bodily functions including sweating, heart rate, digestion, and blood pressure. (umms.org)
Nerve cells are the basic building block of the nervous system. (wackbag.com)
Neurotransmitters are chemicals within the nervous system that direct nerve cell communication. (wackbag.com)
Further studies described activation and sensitization of nociceptors and mechanoreceptors, effects of endogenous agents (epinephrine, serotonin, bradykinin, and prostaglandins), deafferentation pain states, and alterations in the autonomic nervous system with sensitization of perivascular receptors. (cancernetwork.com)
Nerve blocks of the sympathetic nervous system are indicated for the control of pain where nociceptive afferents travel with the nerves of the autonomic system, or where an effect of blockade of the efferent autonomic nervous system is required. (cnsdiseases.com)
Background We aimed to investigate the prevalence of dysautonomia in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) via the combined autonomic nervous system (ANS) function tests, including the deep breathing test (DBT), orthostatic test (OST) and sympathetic skin response (SSR). (bmj.com)
The neuropathy affects her entire autonomic nervous system with an array of symptoms from severe stomach pain, chronic diarrhea, irregular heartbeat, inability to control body temperature, and much more. (gofundme.com)
She has many other symptoms due to the damage to her autonomic nervous system. (gofundme.com)
This is possible because of the vast network of nerves called the Autonomic Nervous System. (drkaslow.com)
What is the Autonomic Nervous System? (drkaslow.com)
The nerve block may also work by preventing the nerve from carrying pain information to the central nervous system. (diamondheadache.com)
She consulted with another expert and they agreed that 64999-Unlisted nervous system procedure- is the only appropriate code for this post op block. (aapc.com)
There was concern for alterations in right ventricular preload or afterload induced by fluid shifts, medications, or changes in the autonomic nervous system, as can occur in open surgery under general anesthesia. (evtoday.com)

Conventional Epidural vs Transversus Abdominis Plane Block with Liposomal Bupivacaine: A Randomized Trial in Colorectal Surgery. (bioportfolio.com)
An increase in vein diameter followed thoracic epidural anesthesia, but venoconstriction was observed after lumbar epidural block. (asahq.org)
Conclusions: Block of sympathetic fibers to the splanchnic circulation with thoracic epidural lidocaine produces mesenteric venodilatation that contributes to hypotension in rabbits. (asahq.org)
The comprehensive text covers the fundamentals-such as spine anatomy, procedural materials, and pharmacological requirements-along with chapters devoted to key topics such as discography, percutaneous descectomy, vertebroplasty and balloon kyphoplasty, epidural steroid injections, and autonomic nerve blocks. (springer.com)
The development of intraoperative AH and hypertension can be prevented either by general anesthesia, which blunts autonomic reflexes, or regional anesthesia (spinal or epidural ), which blocks afferent and autonomic efferent neural impulses. (omicsonline.org)
Complications are rare but can include infection, bleeding, spinal or epidural block and injection into a blood vessel. (umms.org)
In addition, anesthetic approaches (trigger point injections, blocks of peripheral and autonomic nerves), epidural and intrathecal local anesthetics, neurolytic blocks, and neurosurgical approaches (dorsal rhizotomy, dorsal root entry zone lesions, cordotomy of midline myelotomy, and placement of neurostimulators) had been described. (cancernetwork.com)

This study attempts to learn about the effectiveness of a modification to the Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) block that works by anaesthetizing the sensory afferents of the abdominal wa. (bioportfolio.com)
the onset of the block was evaluated based on a motor, sensory and sympathetic assessment (measuring flow changes in the humeral artery, the palmar temperature, and the perfusion index). (elsevier.es)
Quick performance and fast sensory and motor block are highly demande. (bioportfolio.com)
In addition to the acquired causes, inherited disorders like hereditary sensory-autonomic neuropathy (HSAN), familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP), Tangier disease, and Fabry disease also exist. (medscape.com)
Like other local anesthetics, benzocaine acts by blocking nerve conduction first in autonomic, then in sensory and finally in motor nerve fibers. (drugs.com)
They may be caused by motor neurone diseases, sensory neuronopathies, toxins, or autonomic dysfunction. (wikipedia.org)
A compression/ischemia-induced (differential) nerve block in conjunction with repeated quantitative sensory testing of A-delta and C-fibre function using cold and warm stimuli was used to assess which nerve fibre population that contributes to pain at perception threshold level using 1 s (vF1) and 10 s (vF10) von Frey filament stimulation of the skin. (degruyter.com)
4 , 5 The greater occipital nerve (GON) originates in the dorsal ramus of the C 2 as well as the C 3 segments of the spinal cord and comprises sensory fibers alone. (jabfm.org)
It is possible to selectively block larger (motor) nerve fibers within a mixed nerve, while allowing sensory information to travel through unaffected nerve fibers. (google.com)
Sensory nerve blocks are widely used in chronic pain management for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. (cnsdiseases.com)
Located deep in the face behind the nasal cavity, the sphenopalatine ganglion is a cluster of sensory and autonomic nerves. (diamondheadache.com)

cholinergic blocking agent one that blocks or inactivates acetylcholine . (thefreedictionary.com)
The growth of the spores releases botulinum toxin, which is then absorbed into the bloodstream and taken throughout the body, causing paralysis by blocking the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction. (wikipedia.org)
Beani L, Bianchi C, Ledda F (1964) The effect of tubocurarine on acetylcholine release from motor nerve terminals. (springer.com)
Remarkably, the toxins produced by Clostridium botulinum are one of the few large molecules that are absorbed intact from the gastrointestinal tract, where they enter the bloodstream and prevent the contraction of skeletal muscles primarily by inhibiting the release of acetylcholine from nerve cells. (google.es)
Under normal conditions, acetylcholine is released from the terminal axon of one nerve cell, crosses the synaptic cleft between nerve cells and binds with a receptor on the membrane of the post-synaptic nerve cell. (faqs.org)
As a result, the receptor on the post-synaptic nerve cell is indefinitely stimulated by acetylcholine. (faqs.org)
In addition, the pre-synaptic nerve cell continues to release acetylcholine. (faqs.org)
Atropine blocks one type of acetylcholine receptor on the post-synaptic nerve cell membrane. (faqs.org)
Certain antibodies (eg, anti-Hu and those directed against neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor) are associated with autonomic signs and symptoms. (wackbag.com)
As a result, release of inhibitory transmitters from nerve terminals is blocked, thereby causing unopposed muscle stimulation by acetylcholine and generalized tonic spasticity, usually with superimposed intermittent tonic seizures. (merckmanuals.com)
The accumulation of acetylcholine at the endings of motor nerves to voluntary muscles and in some autonomic ganglia results in nicotinic signs and symptoms. (alpharubicon.com)
The Neuron Neurotransmitters Acetylcholine (ACh) Dopamine Endorphins Norepinephrine Serotonin Gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) Brain Cells (Neurons) A fruit fly has 100,000 neurons A mouse has five million neurons A monkey has ten billion neurons An adult human being has about 100 billion neurons Brain Cells (Neurons) 100 billion nerve cells, or neurons, is about the same number as the number of stars in the Milky Way. (coursehero.com)
Acetylcholine nerve stimulating cholinergic medications. (medic8.com)

The greater superficial petrosal nerve supplies classic autonomic preganglionic fibres to the sphenopalatine (pterygopalatine in humans) and otic ganglia. (bmj.com)

By injecting alcohol into the nerves surrounding pancreatic tumours pressing against the belly and spine he could destroy the fibres that carry pain signals to the brain. (newscientist.com)
a TRANSMITTER SUBSTANCE that is secreted at the ends of CHOLINERGIC nerve fibres on the arrival of a NERVE IMPULSE . (thefreedictionary.com)
Most intra-prostatic nerves contained sympathetic and parasympathetic fibres, irrespective of perineural invasion status. (urotoday.com)
If large amounts are produced the toxin may be transported by blood and the lymphatics as well as by direct entry into nerve fibres, hence more rapid and wider dissemination of the effects of the toxin. (bmj.com)
The autonomic neuropathies are a group of disorders in which the small, lightly myelinated and unmyelinated autonomic nerve fibres are selectively targeted. (wackbag.com)

Small myelinated fibers transmit preganglionic autonomic efferents (B fibers) and somatic afferents (A delta fibers). (medscape.com)
Unmyelinated (C) fibers transmit postganglionic autonomic efferents as well as somatic and autonomic afferents. (medscape.com)
A substance, C 7 H 17 NO 3 , that is derived from choline and is released at the ends of nerve fibers in the somatic and parasympathetic nervous systems, where it mediates the transmission of nerve impulses. (thefreedictionary.com)
Another major difference between somatic and autonomic nerves is the mechanism that inhibits or blocks motor output. (apologeticspress.org)
Somatic motor neurons are considered to be excitatory, whereas autonomic nerves are primarily inhibitory. (apologeticspress.org)
64450 - Somatic nerve, other peripheral nerve or branch, 64520 - Autonomic Nerve, lumbar or thoracic (paravertebral sympathetic) or the intercostal nerve block of 64420 but these don't quite fit based on the description and intent of the codes. (aapc.com)

A drug that blocks transmission of nerve impulses at an autonomic receptor site, autonomic synapse, or neuromuscular junction. (dictionary.com)
neuromuscular blocking agent a compound that causes paralysis of skeletal muscle by blocking neural transmission at the neuromuscular junction . (thefreedictionary.com)
They transmit signals across a chemical synapse , such as a neuromuscular junction , from one neuron (nerve cell) to another "target" neuron, muscle cell , or gland cell . (wikipedia.org)

To evaluate the role of computed tomography (CT) in needle placement for ganglion impar blocks, and to determine the efficacy of CT-guided ganglion impar blocks in the management of coccydynia. (nih.gov)
The eight patients were treated with CT-guided ganglion impar blocks to manage their coccyx pain after conservative procedures, including oral medication and cushions, failed to provide relief. (nih.gov)
All patients were subjected to ganglion impar blocks under a thin-section CT-guided technique for needle placement, using a mixture of bupivacaine and triamcinolone. (nih.gov)
Interruption of sympathetic pathways, by local injection of an anesthetic agent, at any of four levels: peripheral nerve block, sympathetic ganglion block, extradural block, and subarachnoid block. (bioportfolio.com)
Birmingham AT, Hussain SZ (1980) A comparison of the skeletal neuromuscular and autonomic ganglion-blocking potencies of five non-depolarizing relaxants. (springer.com)
Here we describe ultrasound-guided methods for hydrodissection of deep nerve structures in the upper torso, including the stellate ganglion, brachial plexus, cervical nerve roots, and paravertebral spaces. (hindawi.com)
In the management of patients with chronic pain, such as those with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) and postherpetic neuralgia, deep regional blocks, for example, stellate ganglion blocks (SGBs), serve as an alternative to other medical treatments. (hindawi.com)
The SPG Block or Shenopalatine Ganglion Block is done intranasally with hollow cotton tipped applicators that act as a slow delivery system for anesthetic. (sleepandhealth.com)
My first option is to do stellate ganglion block. (studentdoctor.net)
Sphenopalatine Ganglion Blocks (SPG Blocks) are also extremely effective and can be done less invasively and without steroids. (sleepandhealth.com)
More important still is that patients can learn to easily self-administer sphenopalatine ganglion blocks. (sleepandhealth.com)
We do this by doing nerve blocks into the pelvic sympathetic ganglion. (getprolo.com)
To treat these neural therapy to a surgical scar or nerve blocks are given into the pelvic sympathetic ganglion. (getprolo.com)
This treatment consists of single or multiple injections of a local anesthetic, with or without corticosteroids, into a peripheral nerve or a nerve ganglion. (unicare.com)
Peripheral nerve blocks for the treatment of peripheral neuropathy involve single or multiple injections of agents or a combination of agents including local anesthetics (such as bupivacaine or lidocaine) with or without corticosteroids into or near peripheral nerves or a nerve ganglion. (unicare.com)
The next largest available RCT was a double-blind study involving 61 subjects with post-herpetic neuralgia undergoing standard care plus placebo injection (n=30) vs. stellate ganglion block with 0.125% bupivacaine and 8 mg dexamethasone (n=31) (Makharita, 2012). (unicare.com)
12 There is a glutamatergic excitatory receptor in the pontine synapse 13 and projection via the facial nerve 14 without synapse in the geniculate ganglion. (bmj.com)
The famous French surgeon, Leriche, performed the first nerve block into the stellate ganglion in 1925 for the treatment of chronic intractable arm pain. (drkaslow.com)
Ganglion blocks are now commonly used for the treatment of neck, shoulder, arm, leg, and low back pain. (drkaslow.com)
This is how Procaine and other agents used in Neural Therapy correct the bioelectric disturbance at a specific site or nerve ganglion. (drkaslow.com)
This is a selection of nerve blocks such as, Nerve Occipital Nerve Block, Sphenoganglion Nerve Block and Stellate Ganglion Nerve Block. (diamondheadache.com)
Autonomic Technologies, Inc. developed a patient-powered tool for blocking sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG) - a facial nerve bundle associated with the most severe, chronic forms of headache. (applerubber.com)

It is used as a general anesthetic for procedures of short duration, for induction of anesthesia given before other anesthetic drugs, as a supplement to regional anesthesia (such as a spinal block), as an anticonvulsive, and for narcoanalysis. (encyclopedia.com)
One can obtain an idea of the origin of the pain - whether from nerve, spinal, visceral, or soft tissue origin by a careful history, I do not have enough information to ascertain which. (medhelp.org)
Better to find other medication without tolerance and addictive potenital, and more specific for your problem, for instance nerve pain related medications like Neurontin, amitryptaline, Venlafaxine etc, or devices such as a spinal stimulator. (medhelp.org)
Richa FC (2015) Autonomic Hyperreflexia after Spinal Cord Injury. (omicsonline.org)
The most important complication of spinal cord lesions above T6 level is the phenomenon of Autonomic Hyperreflexia (AH). (omicsonline.org)
While the nerve impulses travel up to the spinal cord, they are obstructed at the injury level. (omicsonline.org)
Afferent impulses are carried by fibers which synapse within the dorsal grey matter of the spinal cord at various levels and ascend the dorsal and lateral columns until blocked at the level of SCI. (omicsonline.org)
The sympathetic nerves are a group of nerves found along the front side of the spinal column. (umms.org)
The term peripheral neuropathy encompasses a wide range of disorders in which the nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord-peripheral nerves-have been damaged. (wackbag.com)

adrenergic blocking agent one that inhibits response to sympathetic impulses by blocking the alpha (alpha-adrenergic blocking a.) or beta (beta-adrenergic blocking a.) receptor sites of effector organs. (thefreedictionary.com)
ganglionic blocking agent one that blocks nerve impulses at autonomic ganglionic synapses. (thefreedictionary.com)
The acetic acid ester of choline, an important NEUROTRANSMITTER acting at cholinergic synapses to propagate nerve impulses. (thefreedictionary.com)
Anticholinergic drugs block the impulses that pass through certain nerves. (encyclopedia.com)
Systems and methods for blocking nerve impulses use an implanted electrode located on or around a nerve. (google.com)
The invention provides systems and methods for blocking nerve impulses using an implanted electrode located near, on, or in a nerve region. (google.com)

Chang CC, Chuang ST, Lee CY, Weio JW (1972) Role of cardiotoxin and phospholipase A in the blockade of nerve conduction and depolarization of skeletal muscle induced by cobra venom. (springer.com)
[1] Capacitance changes are minor with these lower extremity blocks because veins in skeletal muscle have negligible baseline sympathetic activity and so are unaffected by sympathetic withdrawal. (asahq.org)
It acts as a stimulant in small doses, but in larger amounts blocks the action of autonomic nerve and skeletal muscle cells. (studystack.com)

I almost tried that for the pain in my face for my trigeminal nerve (have TMJ dysfunction w/arthritis), but even with insurance, it seemed way expensive at fifty bucks a pop and was supposed to be done often to start with! (medhelp.org)
The etiology of autonomic dysfunction can be primary or idiopathic and secondary causes. (medscape.com)
In addition, autonomic dysfunction is associated with various medications. (medscape.com)
Autonomic dysfunction can occur in association with specific infections. (wackbag.com)
Paralysis of the stomach muscles means the food can no longer be properly broken down, mixed with digestive juices or moved through the digestive tract, and may be due to nerve or muscle dysfunction. (medic8.com)

Botulism is caused by a potent neurotoxin that blocks the release of a neurotransmitter at the junction of peripheral motor nerves and autonomic cholinergic nerves. (medpagetoday.com)

I have a patient referred to me after Left ulnar nerve transposition( 6 months ago) with subsequent infection and I&D and now developed CRPS symptoms. (studentdoctor.net)
These symptoms are more variable and might or might not be present, partly depending on the exact nature of the disruption of the nerves. (verywellhealth.com)
A lumbar sympathetic nerve block is a special test to help your doctor find the cause of your symptoms. (umms.org)
If these nerves are causing your symptoms, the injection may offer relief for a while immediately after the procedure. (umms.org)
Cancer causes pain as it invades bone, compresses nerves, produces obstructive symptoms in the pulmonary, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary systems, and distends involved visceral organs. (cancernetwork.com)
Cancer has long been known to be painful as it invades bone, compresses nerves, produces obstructive symptoms in the pulmonary, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary systems, and distends involved visceral organs. (cancernetwork.com)

What is a lumbar sympathetic nerve block? (umms.org)
Sympathetic nerve blocks may provide long-term pain relief. (umms.org)
We compared the results of these tests between the outcomes of sympathetic nerve blocks (SNBs). (bmj.com)
vagus nerve fibers, parasympathetic nerve fibers, and sympathetic nerve fibers. (google.es)

The population consisted of 159 patients 79% had chronic migraine, 14% new daily persistent headache, 4% a trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia, 3% secondary headache and one patient had chronic tension-type headache. (sleepandhealth.com)
Short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache with conjunctival injection and tearing (SUNCT) syndrome is a rare type of trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia. (ovid.com)

Effect of a lateral infraclavicular brachial plexus block on the axillary and suprascapular nerves as determined by electromyography - a cohort study. (bioportfolio.com)
We aimed to examine to what extent a lateral infraclavicular brachial plexus block affected the axillary and the suprascapular nerve. (bioportfolio.com)
Surgical reconstruction of the musculocutaneous nerve in traumatic brachial plexus injuries. (biomedsearch.com)
Actually, peripheral brachial plexus blocks (supra clav, infraclav, etc) are in some circles thought to be better than a SGB for CRPS. (studentdoctor.net)
I completely agree SGB and brachial plexus blocks are the mainstay for sympathetically meeted pain. (studentdoctor.net)

On the other hand, the autonomic system uses two neurons to communicate nerve signals. (apologeticspress.org)
The brain sends these messages to various parts of the body through a complicated system of nerves and neurons. (verywellhealth.com)
Disinhibition of autonomic neurons and loss of control of adrenal catecholamine release cause autonomic instability and a hypersympathetic state. (merckmanuals.com)

The muscle weakness of botulism characteristically starts in the muscles supplied by the cranial nerves-a group of twelve nerves that control eye movements, the facial muscles and the muscles controlling chewing and swallowing. (wikipedia.org)
Appreciating the physiology of the trigeminal-autonomic reflex can make patients presenting with varying degrees of cranial autonomic activation, such as lacrimation, conjunctival injection, nasal congestion or rhinorrhoea and the like, comprehensible at the bedside. (bmj.com)
2 The term was coined to reflect a part of the pathophysiology of these conditions that is a common thread-that is, excessive cranial parasympathetic autonomic reflex activation to nociceptive input in the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve. (bmj.com)
Any pathophysiological construct for TACs must account for the two major shared clinical features characteristic of the various conditions that comprise this group: trigeminal distribution pain and ipsilateral cranial autonomic features. (bmj.com)
15 VIIth cranial nerve activation is associated with release of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) 16 and blocked by VIP antibodies. (bmj.com)
The basic science work outlined above implies an integral role for the ipsilateral trigeminal nociceptive pathways in TACs and predicts in some patients cranial parasympathetic autonomic activation. (bmj.com)

Over the past five months, he has received three injections of a local anaesthetic into nerves in his abdomen to help ease the agony. (newscientist.com)
The Greater Occipital and the occipital nerve blocks are both injections. (sleepandhealth.com)
Dr Shapira usually does his initial block in conjunction with trigger point injections and finds that steroid injection are usually not required. (sleepandhealth.com)
Trigger point injections and SPG Blocks were utilized to relieve her acute pain. (sleepandhealth.com)
The only medication utilized was 2% lidocaine (no epinephrine or preservatives) both for SPG Block and for Trigger Point Injections. (sleepandhealth.com)
She also provides OnabotulinumtoxinA injections for chronic migraine, nerve blocks for headache and trigger point injections. (centura.org)

Given the complex nature of this system, a stepwise approach to autonomic disorders is required for proper understanding. (medscape.com)
In addition to seeing patients with a variety of neurological conditions, Dr. Grimsrud's special interests include treatment of stroke, headache and autonomic disorders. (centura.org)
The availability of sensitive and reproducible measures of autonomic function has improved physicians' ability to diagnose these disorders. (wackbag.com)

Although carotid endarterectomy is not solely performed under general anesthesia and can be accomplished with a regional nerve block, other concerns, such as the long surgical procedure time, were taken into consideration. (evtoday.com)

Through a series of experiments involving the vagus nerves of frogs, Loewi was able to manually slow the heart rate of frogs by controlling the amount of saline solution present around the vagus nerve. (wikipedia.org)

A lesser decrease in blood pressure follows blocks limited to lower segments, because baroreceptor stimulation produces increased splanchnic sympathetic activity and mesenteric venoconstriction. (asahq.org)
Bioelectronic Medicine Interfaces - Devices that provide sensing, stimulation, and blocking of autonomic peripheral nerves in order to act as a substitute for pharmacological-based therapies. (iit.edu)
Our goal is to advance electrical stimulation, block, and recording of peripheral autonomic nerve for disease treatment and restoration of function (bioelectronic medicines). (americanautonomicsociety.org)
We have a NIH-funded SPARC project to develop, validate, and apply computer-based models of electrical stimulation and block of autonomic nerves. (americanautonomicsociety.org)
The stimulation of the nerve is stopped. (google.es)
The stimulation of the nerve is stopped in order to adjust the beating of the heart to a second condition, such as a beating condition. (google.es)
The stimulation of the nerve may be continued in order to allow the medical procedure to be continued. (google.es)
stimulating the nerve using endoesophageal stimulation. (google.es)

The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy of EUS-guided celiac plexus block versus CT-guided celiac plexus block for controlling the chronic abdominal pain associated with chronic pancreatitis. (nih.gov)
Patients enrolled were randomly assigned to EUS-guided or CT-guided celiac plexus block. (nih.gov)
She suggested a fifth Celiac Plexus block using a CT Scan claiming it is more accurate than using a fluoroscope. (medhelp.org)
The present study investigated the benefits of neurolytic celiac plexus block (NCPB) on IR in a rat NIDDM model. (spandidos-publications.com)
neurolytic celiac plexus block (NCPB) is therefore an effective method to relieve pain, for instance in cancer treatments ( 13 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

EUS-guided celiac block appears to be a safe, effective, and less costly method for controlling the abdominal pain that can accompany chronic pancreatitis in some patients. (nih.gov)
The authors concluded that endoscopic ultrasound-guided coeliac plexus block and coeliac plexus neurolysis had some efficacy in pain management for patients with chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. (york.ac.uk)
To evaluate the efficacy of endoscopic ultrasound-guided coeliac plexus block and coeliac plexus neurolysis to alleviate chronic abdominal pain in patients with chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. (york.ac.uk)
Six studies (n=221) were included in the analysis of endoscopic ultrasound-guided coeliac plexus block for chronic pancreatitis. (york.ac.uk)
The pooled estimated proportion of patients with pain relief for chronic pancreatitis from endoscopic ultrasound-guided coeliac plexus block was 51.46% (six studies). (york.ac.uk)
The goal of the peripheral nerve block is to attempt to block pain signals to the brain and provide temporary or prolonged relief from chronic peripheral neuropathic pain of the extremities. (unicare.com)
A peripheral nerve block attempts to block or interrupt the conduction of pain signals to the brain and provide temporary or permanent relief from chronic neuropathic pain conditions. (unicare.com)
The waveform has a low amplitude and can be charge balanced, with a high likelihood of being safe to the nerve for chronic conditions. (google.com)
A nerve block can stop or abort chronic tension, migraine and cluster headaches. (diamondheadache.com)

Its activity also can be blocked by atropine at the junctions of nerve fibers with glands and smooth muscle tissue. (thefreedictionary.com)
The AVN has a rich autonomic innervation and is supplied by both sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve fibers. (medscape.com)
Problems have been encountered, such as damage and destruction to the nerve, and the inability to achieve a differentiation of nerve blocking effects among large and small nerve fibers in a whole nerve. (google.com)

Sympathetic efferent nerve activity to the mesenteric vessels was measured by surgically placed electrodes, and mesenteric vein diameter was measured by videomicroscopy. (asahq.org)
Sympathetic efferent nerve activity decreased in the thoracic group but increased in the lumbar group. (asahq.org)

adrenergic neuron blocking agent one that inhibits the release of norepinephrine from postganglionic adrenergic nerve endings. (thefreedictionary.com)

This autonomic innervation has a major role in the time required for the impulse to pass through the AVN. (medscape.com)
1 The pain producing innervation of the cranium projects through branches of the trigeminal and upper cervical nerves 6, 7 to the trigeminocervical complex 8 from whence nociceptive pathways project to higher centres. (bmj.com)

blocking agent an agent that inhibits a biological action, such as movement of an ion across the cell membrane, passage of a neural impulse, or interaction with a specific receptor. (thefreedictionary.com)
If the pain seems to be tied to an operation such as the hysterectomy you had then we would do Neural Therapy ( see also Prolotherapy and Neural therapy ) into your hysterectomy scar and treat the autonomic nerves in the area. (getprolo.com)
The successful applicant will become an expert in our ASCENT (Automated Simulations to Characterize Electrical Nerve Thresholds) Pipeline for biophysical simulations of neural responses to electrical signals. (academicjobsonline.org)
The present study, thus, developed a technology to visualize the nerve density of PCa and facilitate targeted neural drug delivery to tumors to efficiently inhibit PCa progression. (sciencemag.org)

Antipyrine is believed to have analgesic and local anesthetic effects on the nerve endings. (drugs.com)
The toxin enters peripheral nerve endings, binds there irreversibly, then travels retrograde along the axons and synapses, and ultimately enters the CNS. (merckmanuals.com)
and to the cardiac muscle and endings of sympathetic nerves to the sweat glands. (alpharubicon.com)

Migraine Headache and the Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgias (TAC) 20. (worldcat.org)
The minimally invasive SPG Block treatment takes only minutes to provide relief for migraine headaches, the study showed. (sleepandhealth.com)
Greater occipital nerve (GON) blocks are frequently used to treat migraine headaches, although a paucity of supporting clinical evidence exists. (jabfm.org)
The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of GON block in acute treatment of migraine headache, with a focus on pain relief. (jabfm.org)
Greater occipital block seems to be an effective option for acute management of migraine headache, with promising reductions in pain scores. (jabfm.org)
Blocking these nerves has been shown to be effective in reducing the frequency and severity of cluster and migraine headaches. (diamondheadache.com)

Local anesthetic and steroids have been successfully used for diagnostic and or therapeutic nerve pain with great success. (clinicaltrials.gov)
The nerve block quality can be improved because the entire anesthetic is injected in contact with the nerve, but it can also be reduced due to the dilution of the local anesthetic by the glucose solution. (bioportfolio.com)
Ultrasound guidance can reduce the required local anesthetic volume for successful peripheral nerve block. (bioportfolio.com)
X-ray imaging is used by the doctors to guide placement of the needle before the injection of a local anesthetic near the sympathetic nerves. (umms.org)

Block onset may be evaluated through the sympathetic effect associated with the sensitive and motor blockade. (elsevier.es)
Cutaneous anaesthesia of hip surgery incisions with iliohypogastric and subcostal nerve blockade: A randomised trial. (bioportfolio.com)
The peer-reviewed medical literature includes numerous systematic reviews and practice guidelines evaluating the use of nerve blocks for the diagnosis and treatment of neuralgias and neuropathic pain conditions supporting the use of peripheral nerve blockade. (unicare.com)

Electronic Aspirin consists of a small implant near the SPG nerve bundle along with a hand-held remote that is used at the patients' discretion when feeling the onset of a cluster headache in order to block the pain. (prezi.com)
Trigeminal neuralgia is a craniofacial pain syndrome that is typically characterized by unilateral severe, recurrent, electrical pain in one or more distributions of the trigeminal nerve. (clinicaltrials.gov)
All patients presenting to the Northwestern Pain Center who are eligible and scheduled to receive a ultrasound-guided trigeminal nerve block. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Pain scores were determined pre- and postceliac block for both techniques. (nih.gov)
A significant improvement in pain scores with reduction in pain medication usage occurred in 50% (five of 10) of patients having the EUS block. (nih.gov)
EUS-guided celiac block provided more persistent pain relief than CT-guided block and was the preferred technique among the subjects studied. (nih.gov)
The transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block is a regional anesthetic technique for post operative pain control after abdominal surgical procedures. (bioportfolio.com)
In addition to causing pain and fatigue, the dysfunctional and hypersensitive autonomic nerves can cause a number of distinct conditions which are part of fibromyalgia but may require separate treatment approaches to try and calm them down. (prohealth.com)
The most frequently reported adverse effects for endoscopic ultrasound-guided coeliac plexus block were transient diarrhoea, transient orthostatic hypotension, transient increases in pain and abscess formation. (york.ac.uk)
Deep nerve hydrodissection uses fluid injection under pressure to purposely separate nerves from areas of suspected fascial compression, which are increasingly viewed as potential perpetuating factors in recalcitrant neuropathic pain/complex regional pain. (hindawi.com)
Deep regional blocks have been used for years to provide perioperative anesthesia for surgery and postoperative pain control [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
The mechanism of action of deep regional blocks or repeated peripheral focal nerve blocks for neuropathic pain remains unclear [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
The patient experienced pain relief after a GON block. (ovid.com)
In early 2003, my pain doctor suggested a nerve block, specifically a Celiac Plexus. (medhelp.org)
While both doctors claim my abdominal pain is caused by a neuropathty origin, the second doctor states I should not have any more blocks because these blocks are typically performed on patients with an organic origin. (medhelp.org)
Has diabetes been ruled out (a common cause of abdominal nerve related pain). (medhelp.org)
A related discussion, abdominal nerve pain was started. (medhelp.org)
Polyneuropathy (poly- + neuro- + -pathy) is damage or disease affecting peripheral nerves (peripheral neuropathy) in roughly the same areas on both sides of the body, featuring weakness, numbness, and burning pain. (wikipedia.org)
Thus, since the early nineteenth century it has been the object of direct surgical attempts to injure this nerve with the aim of pain relief. (springer.com)
Change in the 11-point numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) was used to assess the response to GON block. (jabfm.org)
Sometimes these nerves can continue to transmit pain following an injury even after the injury has healed. (umms.org)
If effective, your doctor may recommend a series of these blocks 1-2 weeks apart which may help give you more long term pain relief. (umms.org)
If the sympathetic nerves are causing your problem, you may experience temporary pain relief and the temperature in your painful limb will rise. (umms.org)
Other problems treated at the Pain Management Center include cancer pain, nerve injury pain, joint pain, muscular pain, certain types of headaches and pain after surgery. (umms.org)
When a nerve cell is stimulated, by touch or pain, for example, the message is carried along the axon, and neurotransmitters are released within the cell. (wackbag.com)
This invention relates to systems and methods for selectively blocking nerve activity in animals, including humans, e.g., to reduce the incidence or intensity of muscle spasms, treat spacticity, or for pain reduction. (google.com)
Peripheral nerve injury can cause pain, such as neuroma pain. (google.com)
Various nerve blocking techniques have been proposed or tried to treat spasms, spacticity, and pain. (google.com)
We had heard of a nerve pain block or a pain pump but her new doctors said unfortunately there was not a lot more that could be done except continuing to increase the opiods. (gofundme.com)
An occipital nerve block can provide significant pain relief for some headache sufferers. (diamondheadache.com)
It works by preventing the flow of pain signals from the occipital nerves that are causing the headache to the brain. (diamondheadache.com)
It is thought that blocking the supraorbital nerve lessens pain in the front of the head by shutting down the pain receptors in the nerve. (diamondheadache.com)
Does anyone know what CPT code would be used for a thoracic paravertebral block for postoperative pain in chest wall surgery? (aapc.com)
The resulting signals stimulate the SPG nerves and block the pain-causing neurotransmitters. (applerubber.com)

The EUS celiac block was performed with a 22-gauge sterile needle inserted into the celiac region with guidance of real-time linear array endosonography followed by injection of 10 ml of bupivacaine (0.75%) and 3 ml (40 mg) of triamcinolone on both sides of the celiac area. (nih.gov)
Injection of small amounts of a solution around the anesthetized nerve (hydro-dissection) has been proposed to enhance contrast outlining its borders and also to improve the visualization of the needle tip. (bioportfolio.com)
Nerve hydrodissection is a technique involving the use of fluid injection under pressure to purposely and more completely separate nerves from their surrounding tissue [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
The injection site for the SON nerve block is generally in the forehead, at the eyebrow area. (diamondheadache.com)

Baclofen Pump Replacement in a Patient With End-Stage Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Case Report Demonstrating Transversus Abdominis Plane Block as the Sole Anesthetic. (bioportfolio.com)
The procedure is performed by an experienced physician, the solution (anesthetic or anesthetic/steroid mixture) is injected in a small needle into the area around the nerves. (diamondheadache.com)

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided coeliac plexus block methods and materials were similar across the included studies and used bupivacaine followed by triamcinolone or its analogue Depmedrol. (york.ac.uk)
The largest study is a case study of 3960 subjects with post-herpetic neuralgia treated with Jaipur block involving the use of 2% xylocaine, 0.5% bupivacaine, and 4 mg/mL dexamethasone (Bhargava, 1998). (unicare.com)

Long term headaches sometimes do not completely resolve with just trigger point deactivation There are three specific blocks that can offer tremendous relief. (sleepandhealth.com)
The SPG block can be extremely effective for many types of headaches and migraines. (sleepandhealth.com)
May A. Diagnosis and clinical features of trigemino-autonomic headaches. (nhi.no)
A very significant study (abstract below) showed effectiveness of unilateral occipital nerve blocks in treating a range of different types of disabling headaches in pediatric and adolescent patients. (sleepandhealth.com)
SPG Blocks are utilized for intractable headaches in adults. (sleepandhealth.com)
All headaches and migraines are controlled by the trigeminal nerve. (sleepandhealth.com)
Headaches that are relieved by occipital nerve blocks are often due to nerve compression in posterior cervical and occipital areas. (sleepandhealth.com)

This article describes the role of intravenous lidocaine and mexiletine in the management of headache and trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias based on the published literature to date and provides practical guidelines for their use. (springer.com)
The occipital nerve blocks utilized 1% lidocaine and 40 mg of methylprednisolone. (sleepandhealth.com)

The purpose of this study is to analyse the ability to selectively block the posterior tibial nerve sparing the function of the common peritoneal nerve. (bioportfolio.com)

By reestablishing the normal electrical condition of cells and nerves, the disturbed functions are also restored to normality, and the patient returns to health as far as this is anatomically still possible. (drkaslow.com)

To assess the efficacy of blocking. (bioportfolio.com)
Clinical signs such as heart rate (tachycardia) or blood pressure (hypertension) are usually observed and used to assess nociception and a patient's autonomic unbalance. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Have you had automonic function tests to assess abdominal autonomic function ie gastric emptying studies? (medhelp.org)
Thus far, no visualization methods have been developed to assess nerve density of PCa in vivo. (sciencemag.org)

As a result, the chemical signals passed between nerve cells are transmitted uncontrollably. (faqs.org)
Chemical signals are transmitted between nerve cells by means of small molecules called neurotransmitters. (faqs.org)
When this passage is damaged, other nerve signals opposing these messages tend to dominate, leading to a droopy eyelid, small pupil, and lack of sweat. (verywellhealth.com)
Anticholinergic Medications that block nerve signals. (medic8.com)

The vagus nerve stimulates and controls stomach muscle contraction to break down the food, mix it with digestive juices and release the contents into the small intestine for further digestive functions. (medic8.com)
High blood glucose damaging the vagus nerve. (medic8.com)
Damage to the vagus nerve due to injury or surgery. (medic8.com)

Although diseases often are suggested by the physical examination and history alone, tests that may be employed include: electrodiagnostic testing, serum protein electrophoresis, nerve conduction studies, urinalysis, serum creatine kinase (CK) and antibody testing (nerve biopsy is sometimes done). (wikipedia.org)

The occipital or greater occipital nerve block takes only a few minutes to complete. (sleepandhealth.com)

EFNS guidelines on the treatment of cluster headache and other trigeminal-autonomic cephalalgias. (nhi.no)
CHICAGO Pediatric Headache Relief: Treatment of Disabling Headache with Greater Occipital Nerve Blocks. (sleepandhealth.com)
We performed GON blocks for headache 3 times. (ovid.com)
The trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias (TACs) is a grouping of headache syndromes recognised in the second edition of the International Headache Society (IHS) classification. (bmj.com)
The Diamond Headache Clinic offers unique treatments for headache patients called ` nerve block treatments. (diamondheadache.com)
The SPG is associated with the trigeminal nerve, which is the main nerve involved in a headache. (diamondheadache.com)
The system involves the permanent implant of a small nerve stimulating device in the upper gum, and when a patient senses the onset of a headache, he or she places a handheld remote controller on the cheek nearest the implant ," notes Michael MacRae, ASME contributor. (applerubber.com)