The spontaneous disintegration of tissues or cells by the action of their own autogenous enzymes.
Rupture of bacterial cells due to mechanical force, chemical action, or the lytic growth of BACTERIOPHAGES.
An autolytic enzyme bound to the surface of bacterial cell walls. It catalyzes the hydrolysis of the link between N-acetylmuramoyl residues and L-amino acid residues in certain cell wall glycopeptides, particularly peptidoglycan. EC 3.5.1.28.
Cysteine proteinase found in many tissues. Hydrolyzes a variety of endogenous proteins including NEUROPEPTIDES; CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS; proteins from SMOOTH MUSCLE; CARDIAC MUSCLE; liver; platelets; and erythrocytes. Two subclasses having high and low calcium sensitivity are known. Removes Z-discs and M-lines from myofibrils. Activates phosphorylase kinase and cyclic nucleotide-independent protein kinase. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.4.22.4.
The outermost layer of a cell in most PLANTS; BACTERIA; FUNGI; and ALGAE. The cell wall is usually a rigid structure that lies external to the CELL MEMBRANE, and provides a protective barrier against physical or chemical agents.
The inactive proenzyme of trypsin secreted by the pancreas, activated in the duodenum via cleavage by enteropeptidase. (Stedman, 25th ed)
Proteins found in any species of bacterium.
Bacterial polysaccharides that are rich in phosphodiester linkages. They are the major components of the cell walls and membranes of many bacteria.
Physiological changes that occur in bodies after death.
One of the CEPHALOSPORINS that has a broad spectrum of activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms.
A specialized proteolytic enzyme secreted by intestinal cells. It converts TRYPSINOGEN into its active form TRYPSIN by removing the N-terminal peptide. EC 3.4.21.9.
Potentially pathogenic bacteria found in nasal membranes, skin, hair follicles, and perineum of warm-blooded animals. They may cause a wide range of infections and intoxications.
Nonionic surfactant mixtures varying in the number of repeating ethoxy (oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) groups. They are used as detergents, emulsifiers, wetting agents, defoaming agents, etc. Octoxynol-9, the compound with 9 repeating ethoxy groups, is a spermatocide.
A subclass of PEPTIDE HYDROLASES that catalyze the internal cleavage of PEPTIDES or PROTEINS.
A basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids. It functions as an antibacterial agent. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17.
A species of gram-positive, coccoid bacteria commonly isolated from clinical specimens and the human intestinal tract. Most strains are nonhemolytic.
The predominant milk-clotting enzyme from the true stomach or abomasum of the suckling calf. It is secreted as an inactive precursor called prorennin and converted in the acid environment of the stomach to the active enzyme. EC 3.4.23.4.
A mixture of related phosphoproteins occurring in milk and cheese. The group is characterized as one of the most nutritive milk proteins, containing all of the common amino acids and rich in the essential ones.
Tungsten hydroxide oxide phosphate. A white or slightly yellowish-green, slightly efflorescent crystal or crystalline powder. It is used as a reagent for alkaloids and many other nitrogen bases, for phenols, albumin, peptone, amino acids, uric acid, urea, blood, and carbohydrates. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
A 25-kDa peptidase produced by Staphylococcus simulans which cleaves a glycine-glcyine bond unique to an inter-peptide cross-bridge of the STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS cell wall. EC 3.4.24.75.
A cephalosporin antibiotic.
A group of antibiotics that contain 6-aminopenicillanic acid with a side chain attached to the 6-amino group. The penicillin nucleus is the chief structural requirement for biological activity. The side-chain structure determines many of the antibacterial and pharmacological characteristics. (Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed, p1065)
Exotoxins produced by certain strains of streptococci, particularly those of group A (STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES), that cause HEMOLYSIS.
Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
An antibiotic first isolated from cultures of Streptomyces venequelae in 1947 but now produced synthetically. It has a relatively simple structure and was the first broad-spectrum antibiotic to be discovered. It acts by interfering with bacterial protein synthesis and is mainly bacteriostatic. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p106)
Antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces garyphalus.
Hospitals controlled by agencies and departments of the state government.
The most common etiologic agent of GAS GANGRENE. It is differentiable into several distinct types based on the distribution of twelve different toxins.
Special hospitals which provide care to the mentally ill patient.
Acute illnesses, usually affecting the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, brought on by consuming contaminated food or beverages. Most of these diseases are infectious, caused by a variety of bacteria, viruses, or parasites that can be foodborne. Sometimes the diseases are caused by harmful toxins from the microbes or other chemicals present in the food. Especially in the latter case, the condition is often called food poisoning.
Death resulting from the presence of a disease in an individual, as shown by a single case report or a limited number of patients. This should be differentiated from DEATH, the physiological cessation of life and from MORTALITY, an epidemiological or statistical concept.
A genus of motile or nonmotile gram-positive bacteria of the family Clostridiaceae. Many species have been identified with some being pathogenic. They occur in water, soil, and in the intestinal tract of humans and lower animals.

Autolysosomal membrane-associated betaine homocysteine methyltransferase. Limited degradation fragment of a sequestered cytosolic enzyme monitoring autophagy. (1/238)

We compared the membrane proteins of autolysosomes isolated from leupeptin-administered rat liver with those of lysosomes. In addition to many polypeptides common to the two membranes, the autolysosomal membranes were found to be more enriched in endoplasmic reticulum lumenal proteins (protein-disulfide isomerase, calreticulin, ER60, BiP) and endosome/Golgi markers (cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor, transferrin receptor, Golgi 58-kDa protein) than lysosomal membranes. The autolysosomal membrane proteins include three polypeptides (44, 35, and 32 kDa) whose amino-terminal sequences have not yet been reported. Combining immunoblotting and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analyses, we identified the 44-kDa peptide as the intact subunit of betaine homocysteine methyltransferase and the 35- and 32-kDa peptides as two proteolytic fragments. Pronase digestion of autolysosomes revealed that the 44-kDa and 32-kDa peptides are present in the lumen, whereas the 35-kDa peptide is not. In primary hepatocyte cultures, the starvation-induced accumulation of the 32-kDa peptide occurs in the presence of E64d, showing that the 32-kDa peptide is formed from the sequestered 44-kDa peptide during autophagy. The accumulation is induced by rapamycin but completely inhibited by wortmannin, 3-methyladenine, and bafilomycin. Thus, detection of the 32-kDa peptide by immunoblotting can be used as a streamlined assay for monitoring autophagy.  (+info)

Developmental aspects of secondary palate formation. (2/238)

Research on development of the secondary palate has, in the past, dealt primarily with morphological aspects of shelf elevation and fusion. The many factors thought to be involved in palatal elevation, such as fetal neuromuscular activity and growth of the cranial base and mandible, as well as production of extracellular matrix and contractile elements in the palate, are mostly based on gross, light microscopic, morphometric or histochemical observations. Recently, more biochemical procedures have been utilized to described palatal shelf elevation. Although these studies strongly suggest that palatal extracellular matrix plays a major role in shelf movement, interpretation of these data remains difficult owing to the complexity of tissue interactions involved in craniofacial development. Shelf elevation does not appear to involve a single motive factor, but rather a coordinated interaction of all of the abovementioned developmental events. Further analysis of mechanisms of shelf elevation requires development of new, and refinement of existing, in vitro procedures. A system that enables one to examine shelf elevation in vitro would allow more meaningful analysis of the relative importance of the various components in shelf movement. Much more is known about fusion of the palatal shelves, owing in large part to in vitro studies. Fusion of the apposing shelves, both in vivo and in vitro, is dependent upon adhesion and cell dealth of the midline epithelial cells. Adhesion betweeen apposing epithelial surfaces appears to involve epithelial cell surface macromolecules. Further analysis of palatal epithelial adhesion should be directed towards characterization of those cell surface components responsible for this adhesive interaction. Midline epithelial cells cease DNA synthesis 24-36 h before shelf elevation and contact, become active in the synthesis of cell surface glycoproteins, and subsequently manifest morphological signs of necrosis. Death of the midline epithelial cells is thought to involve a programmed, lysosomal-mediated autolysis...  (+info)

Suppression of the lytic and bactericidal effects of cell wallinhibitory antibiotics. (3/238)

The bacteriolytic effect of beta-lactam antibiotics on Bacillus subtilis and on Streptococcus pneumoniae was found to be a function of the pH; lysis was suppressed if the pH of the pneumococcal culture was below 6.0 during penicillin treatment. In the case of B. subtilis, growth at pH 6.6 prevented penicillin-induced lysis. In pneumococci, the addition of trypsin to the growth medium also protected against lysis. The pH-dependent protection phenomenon resembled in several respects the antibiotic "tolerance" of pneumococci with a defective autolytic system. (i) At the pH nonpermissive for lysis, the bacteria retained their normal sensitivity to beta-lactam and to other cell wall inhibitors; however, instead of lysis, the drug-treated bacteria simply stopped growing. Loss of viability of the cells was also greatly reduced. (ii) Protection against lysis was independent of the dose and chemical nature of the cell wall inhibitors. (iii) The protection effect was reversible; lysis and loss of viability could be triggered by a postincubation of the drug-treated bacteria at the pH permissive for lysis.  (+info)

The autolysis loop of activated protein C interacts with factor Va and differentiates between the Arg506 and Arg306 cleavage sites. (4/238)

The anticoagulant human plasma serine protease, activated protein C (APC), inactivates blood coagulation factors Va (FVa) and VIIIa. The so-called autolysis loop of APC (residues 301-316, equivalent to chymotrypsin [CHT] residues 142-153) has been hypothesized to bind FVa. In this study, site-directed mutagenesis was used to probe the role of the charged residues in this loop in interactions between APC and FVa. Residues Arg306 (147 CHT), Glu307, Lys308, Glu309, Lys311, Arg312, and Arg314 were each individually, or in selected combinations, mutated to Ala. The purified recombinant protein C mutants were characterized using activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) clotting assays and FVa inactivation assays. Mutants 306A, 308A, 311A, 312A, and 314A had mildly reduced anticoagulant activity. Based on FVa inactivation assays and APTT assays using purified Gln506-FVa and plasma containing Gln506-FV, it appeared that these mutants were primarily impaired for cleavage of FVa at Arg506. Studies of the quadruple APC mutant (306A, 311A, 312A, and 314A) suggested that the autolysis loop provides for up to 15-fold discrimination of the Arg506 cleavage site relative to the Arg306 cleavage site. This study shows that the loop on APC of residues 306 to 314 defines an FVa binding site and accounts for much of the difference in cleavage rates at the 2 major cleavage sites in FVa. (Blood. 2000;96:585-593)  (+info)

The D-alanine residues of Staphylococcus aureus teichoic acids alter the susceptibility to vancomycin and the activity of autolytic enzymes. (5/238)

Recently, Staphylococcus aureus strains with intermediate resistance to vancomycin, the antibiotic of last resort, have been described. Multiple changes in peptidoglycan turnover and structure contribute to the resistance phenotype. Here, we describe that structural changes of teichoic acids in the cell envelope have a considerable influence on the susceptibility to vancomycin and other glycopeptides. S. aureus cells lacking D-alanine esters in teichoic acids exhibited an at least threefold-increased sensitivity to glycopeptide antibiotics. Furthermore, the autolytic activity of the D-alanine mutant was reduced compared to the wild-type, and the mutant was more susceptible to the staphylolytic enzyme lysostaphin. Vancomycin inhibited autolysis at very high concentrations but neither in the wild-type nor in the mutant was the autolytic activity influenced in the range of the MIC. Mutant cells had a considerably higher capacity to bind vancomycin.  (+info)

Description of staphylococcus serine protease (ssp) operon in Staphylococcus aureus and nonpolar inactivation of sspA-encoded serine protease. (6/238)

Signature tagged mutagenesis has recently revealed that the Ssp serine protease (V8 protease) contributes to in vivo growth and survival of Staphylococcus aureus in different infection models, and our previous work indicated that Ssp could play a role in controlling microbial adhesion. In this study, we describe an operon structure within the ssp locus of S. aureus RN6390. The ssp gene encoding V8 protease is designated as sspA, and is followed by sspB, which encodes a 40.6-kDa cysteine protease, and sspC, which encodes a 12.9-kDa protein of unknown function. S. aureus SP6391 is an isogenic derivative of RN6390, in which specific loss of SspA function was achieved through a nonpolar allelic replacement mutation. In addition to losing SspA, the culture supernatant of SP6391 showed a loss of 22- to 23-kDa proteins and the appearance of a 40-kDa protein corresponding to SspB. Although the 40-kDa SspB protein could degrade denatured collagen, our data establish that this is a precursor form which is normally processed by SspA to form a mature cysteine protease. Culture supernatant of SP6391 also showed a new 42-kDa glucosaminidase and enhanced glucosaminidase activity in the 29 to 32 kDa range. Although nonpolar inactivation of sspA exerted a pleiotropic effect, S. aureus SP6391 exhibited enhanced virulence in a tissue abscess infection model relative to RN6390. Therefore, we conclude that SspA is required for maturation of SspB and plays a role in controlling autolytic activity but does not by itself exert a significant contribution to the development of tissue abscess infections.  (+info)

Increasing the thermal stability of euphauserase. A cold-active and multifunctional serine protease from Antarctic krill. (7/238)

A molecular model of Antarctic krill euphauserase based on the known crystal structure of its fiddler crab analog, collagenase I, indicates that the core structure of these enzymes is almost identical. Euphauserase is a cold-active and thermally sensitive enzyme with a high affinity for Lys, Arg and large hydrophobic amino acids. Residue Phe137 in euphauserase, localized in loop D (autolysis loop), is highly exposed on the surface of the molecule. Therefore, it appeared to be an easy target for autolysis. The broadly specific euphauserase has a low affinity for negatively charged residues. In order to increase the stability of the enzyme, two mutants were created in which residue Phe137 was replaced by a Glu and an Asp residue. Both mutations resulted in increased stability of the recombinant euphauserase towards thermal inactivation.  (+info)

The AbcA transporter of Staphylococcus aureus affects cell autolysis. (8/238)

Increased production of penicillin-binding protein PBP 4 is known to increase peptidoglycan cross-linking and contributes to methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. The pbp4 gene shares a 400-nucleotide intercistronic region with the divergently transcribed abcA gene, encoding an ATP-binding cassette transporter of unknown function. Our study revealed that methicillin stimulated abcA transcription but had no effects on pbp4 transcription. Analysis of abcA expression in mutants defective for global regulators showed that abcA is under the control of agr. Insertional inactivation of abcA by an erythromycin resistance determinant did not influence pbp4 transcription, nor did it alter resistance to methicillin and other cell wall-directed antibiotics. However, abcA mutants showed spontaneous partial lysis on plates containing subinhibitory concentrations of methicillin due to increased spontaneous autolysis. Since the autolytic zymograms of cell extracts were identical in mutants and parental strains, we postulate an indirect role of AbcA in control of autolytic activities and in protection of the cells against methicillin.  (+info)

In the medical field, autolysis is a term used to describe the self-destruction or breakdown of cells or tissues within an organism. This process occurs naturally in response to various forms of cellular stress, such as exposure to radiation or certain chemicals, and it is also involved in the immune system's removal of dead cells and debris. Autolysis can be triggered by a variety of factors, including oxidative stress, heat shock, and exposure to certain enzymes or toxins.

There are several types of autolysis, including:

1. Autophagy: a process by which cells break down and recycle their own components, such as proteins and organelles, in order to maintain cellular homeostasis and survive under conditions of limited nutrient availability.
2. Necrosis: a form of autolysis that occurs as a result of cellular injury or stress, leading to the release of harmful substances into the surrounding tissue and triggering an inflammatory response.
3. Apoptosis: a programmed form of cell death that involves the breakdown of cells and their components, and is involved in various physiological processes, such as development and immune system function.
4. Lipofuscinogenesis: a process by which lipid-rich organelles undergo autolysis, leading to the formation of lipofuscin, a type of cellular waste product.
5. Chaperone-mediated autophagy: a process by which proteins are broken down and recycled in the presence of chaperone proteins, which help to fold and stabilize the target proteins.

Autolysis can be studied using various techniques, including:

1. Light microscopy: a technique that uses visible light to visualize cells and their components, allowing researchers to observe the effects of autolysis on cellular structures.
2. Electron microscopy: a technique that uses a beam of electrons to produce high-resolution images of cells and their components, allowing researchers to observe the ultrastructure of cells and the effects of autolysis at the molecular level.
3. Biochemical assays: techniques that measure the levels of specific cellular components or metabolites in order to assess the progress of autolysis.
4. Gene expression analysis: a technique that measures the levels of specific messenger RNAs (mRNAs) in order to assess the activity of genes involved in autolysis.
5. Proteomics: a technique that measures the levels and modifications of specific proteins in order to assess the effects of autolysis on protein turnover and degradation.

Autolysis plays an important role in various cellular processes, including:

1. Cellular detoxification: Autolysis can help to remove damaged or misfolded proteins, which can be toxic to cells, by breaking them down into smaller peptides and amino acids that can be further degraded.
2. Cellular renewal: Autolysis can help to remove old or damaged cellular components, such as organelles and protein aggregates, and recycle their building blocks to support the synthesis of new cellular components.
3. Cellular defense: Autolysis can help to protect cells against pathogens, such as bacteria and viruses, by breaking down and removing infected cellular components.
4. Apoptosis: Autolysis is involved in the execution of apoptosis, a programmed form of cell death that is important for maintaining tissue homeostasis and preventing cancer.

Dysregulation of autolysis has been implicated in various diseases, including:

1. Cancer: Autolysis can promote the growth and survival of cancer cells by providing them with a source of energy and building blocks for protein synthesis.
2. Neurodegenerative diseases: Autolysis can contribute to the degeneration of neurons in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease.
3. Infectious diseases: Autolysis can help pathogens to evade the host immune system by breaking down and removing infected cellular components.
4. Aging: Dysregulation of autolysis has been implicated in the aging process, as it can lead to the accumulation of damaged or misfolded proteins and the degradation of cellular components.

Overall, autolysis is a complex and highly regulated process that plays a critical role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and responding to environmental stressors. Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms of autolysis and its implications for human health and disease.

Early Postmortem Changes:

1. Cessation of metabolic processes: After death, the body's metabolic processes come to a standstill, leading to a decrease in body temperature, cellular respiration, and other physiological functions.
2. Decline in blood pressure: The heart stops pumping blood, causing a rapid decline in blood pressure.
3. Cardiac arrest: The heart stops beating, leading to a lack of oxygen supply to the body's tissues.
4. Brain death: The brain ceases to function, causing a loss of consciousness and reflexes.
5. Rigor mortis: The muscles become stiff and rigid due to the buildup of lactic acid and other metabolic byproducts.
6. Livor mortis: Blood settles in the dependent parts of the body, causing discoloration and swelling.
7. Algor mortis: The body's temperature cools, causing the skin to feel cool to the touch.

Late Postmortem Changes:

1. Decomposition: Bacteria and other microorganisms begin to break down the body's tissues, leading to putrefaction and decay.
2. Autolysis: Enzymes within the body's cells break down cellular components, causing self-digestion and softening of the tissues.
3. Lipid decomposition: Fats and oils in the body undergo oxidation, leading to the formation of offensive odors.
4. Coagulative necrosis: Blood pools in the body's tissues, causing damage to the cells and tissues.
5. Putrefaction: Bacteria in the gut and other parts of the body cause the breakdown of tissues, leading to the formation of gases and fluids.

It is important to note that postmortem changes can significantly impact the interpretation of autopsy findings and the determination of cause of death. Therefore, it is essential to consider these changes when performing an autopsy and interpreting the results.

Foodborne diseases, also known as food-borne illnesses or gastrointestinal infections, are conditions caused by eating contaminated or spoiled food. These diseases can be caused by a variety of pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and parasites, which can be present in food products at any stage of the food supply chain.

Examples of common foodborne diseases include:

1. Salmonella: Caused by the bacterium Salmonella enterica, this disease can cause symptoms such as diarrhea, fever, and abdominal cramps.
2. E. coli: Caused by the bacterium Escherichia coli, this disease can cause a range of symptoms, including diarrhea, urinary tract infections, and pneumonia.
3. Listeria: Caused by the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes, this disease can cause symptoms such as fever, headache, and stiffness in the neck.
4. Campylobacter: Caused by the bacterium Campylobacter jejuni, this disease can cause symptoms such as diarrhea, fever, and abdominal cramps.
5. Norovirus: This highly contagious virus can cause symptoms such as diarrhea, vomiting, and stomach cramps.
6. Botulism: Caused by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum, this disease can cause symptoms such as muscle paralysis, respiratory failure, and difficulty swallowing.

Foodborne diseases can be diagnosed through a variety of tests, including stool samples, blood tests, and biopsies. Treatment typically involves antibiotics or other supportive care to manage symptoms. Prevention is key to avoiding foodborne diseases, and this includes proper food handling and preparation practices, as well as ensuring that food products are stored and cooked at safe temperatures.

... may refer to: Autolysis (biology), the destruction (or lysis) of a cell by its own enzymes Autocatalysis, in ... in the production of commercial extract This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Autolysis. If an ... or catalyzes its own transformation into another compound Autolysis (alcohol fermentation), the complex chemical reactions that ...
In beer brewing, autolysis causes undesired off-flavors. Autolysis in winemaking is often undesirable, but in the case of the ... autolysis in itself is not an active process. In other words, though autolysis resembles the active process of digestion of ... In biology, autolysis, more commonly known as self-digestion, refers to the destruction of a cell through the action of its own ... In terms of autolysis, peroxisomes provide catabolic potential for fatty acids and reactive oxygen species, which are released ...
"Autolysis Archived March 27, 2008, at the Wayback Machine" Accessed Dec. 20th, 2008 M. J. Leroy et al. "Yeast Autolysis During ... The effects of autolysis on wine contributes to a creamy mouthfeel that may make a wine seem to have a fuller body. The release ... Autolysis in winemaking relates to the complex chemical reactions that take place when a wine spends time in contact with the ... "Autolysis". How to brew. Retrieved 28 March 2020. J. Robinson (ed) "The Oxford Companion to Wine" Third Edition pg 54 Oxford ...
Effect of liver autolysis in vivo. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 26:304-5. With J. C. Ellis. Fatal effect of total loss of ... Liver autolysis in vivo. Arch. Surg., 20:8-16. With M. L. Montgomery, W. B. Matthews, and J. C. Ellis. Fatal effect of the ...
"Autolysis - and its effects on Champagne". Champagne Gallery. Archived from the original on 17 May 2016. Retrieved 17 May 2016 ...
... begins at the moment of death, caused by two factors: 1.) autolysis, the breaking down of tissues by the body's ... Visible changes caused by decomposition are limited during the fresh stage, although autolysis may cause blisters to appear at ... The general stages of decomposition are coupled with two stages of chemical decomposition: autolysis and putrefaction. These ...
Levin RE, Van Sickle C (1976). "Autolysis of high-GC isolates of Pseudomonas putrefaciens". Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. 42 (1-2): ... it has been observed that at least some species of bacteria with DNA of high GC-content undergo autolysis more readily, thereby ...
Heat denatures the proteolytic enzyme and prevents autolysis. Heat fixation cannot be used in the capsular stain method as heat ... One reason is to kill the tissue so that postmortem decay (autolysis and putrefaction) is prevented. Fixation preserves ... fixation is the preservation of biological tissues from decay due to autolysis or putrefaction. It terminates any ongoing ...
Coronopus squamatus) based on its volatile glucosinolate autolysis products". Biochemical Systematics and Ecology. 36 (10): 807 ...
... this triggers autolysis, during which the yeast self-destructs. The dying yeast cells are then heated to complete their ...
Some proteases are less active after autolysis (e.g. TEV protease) whilst others are more active (e.g. trypsinogen). Proteases ...
Wireman JW, Dworkin M (February 1977). "Developmentally induced autolysis during fruiting body formation by Myxococcus xanthus ...
Martínez, Virginia; García, Pedro; García, José Luis; Prieto, María Auxiliadora (2011-07-01). "Controlled autolysis facilitates ...
Cell Wall Plant Polysaccharide-degrading Enzymes in Autolysis of Botrytis Cinerea. Science Direct, July 1980. Web. 14 Nov. 2016 ...
The autolysis of P. freudenreichii has been suggested to contribute further to the flavor of the Emmental cheese. The ... Ostlie H (1995). "Autolysis of Dairy Propionibacteria: Growth Studies, Peptidase Activities, and Proline Production". Journal ... conditions leading to the autolysis of this bacterium are not well known. Propionibacterium freudenreichii was first discovered ...
They called this autolysis after Christian de Duve and Alex B. Novikoff. However Porter and Ashford wrongly interpreted their ...
Cole, Rosemary A. (1976). "Isothiocyanates, nitriles and thiocyanates as products of autolysis of glucosinolates in Cruciferae ...
Cole, Rosemary A. (1976). "Isothiocyanates, nitriles and thiocyanates as products of autolysis of glucosinolates in Cruciferae ...
Zare H, Moosavi-Movahedi AA, Salami M, Mirzaei M, Saboury AA, Sheibani N (March 2013). "Purification and autolysis of the ficin ...
Chou JS, Impens F, Gevaert K, Davies PL (July 2011). "m-Calpain activation in vitro does not require autolysis or subunit ...
Cole Rosemary A (1976). "Isothiocyanates, nitriles and thiocyanates as products of autolysis of glucosinolates in Cruciferae". ...
Ecological Advantages of Autolysis during the Development and Dispersal of Pseudoalteromonas tunicata Biofilms. Applied and ...
Autolysis and putrefaction also play major roles in the disintegration of cells and tissues. The human body is composed of ...
The last function of a lysosome is to digest the cell itself through autolysis. The spitzenkörper is a component of the ...
... significant cell autolysis had occurred, and cell definition was very poor. His brain was almost completely gone, leaving only ...
The hol-lys gene system therefore is believed to constitute a chromosomally-encoded autolysis system. The reaction probably ...
The sodium bicarbonate inhibits the autolysis of acetyl groups as well as inhibiting glycosyl bonds. Depending on the ...
Two of these RNAs, csRNA4 and csRNA5, have been shown to affect stationary-phase autolysis. Bacterial small RNA Halfmann, A; ...
Phytoplankton can also produce DOC by autolysis during physiological stress situations e.g., nutrient limitation. Other studies ...
It inhibits the absorption and autolysis of bones and thus leads to lowering of blood calcium. It inhibits bone salts from ...
O-glycosylation regulates autolysis of cellular membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) Albert G Remacle 1 , Alexei ... O-glycosylation regulates autolysis of cellular membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) Albert G Remacle et al. J ... the access of the catalytic domain to the hinge region and to the autolytic cleavage site and protects MT1-MMP from autolysis. ...
Increased pathogenicity of pneumococcal serotype 1 is driven by rapid autolysis and release of pneumolysin Laura C Jacques 1 , ... Increased pathogenicity of pneumococcal serotype 1 is driven by rapid autolysis and release of pneumolysin Laura C Jacques et ... Rates of autolysis were measured in triplicates; data are presented as mean ± SEM. Asterisk represent comparisons of serotype 1 ... Percentage autolysis represents the percentage decrease of original OD600 reading. Statistical analysis was performed by Two- ...
... Innovative methods of extracting ... there is a new way to speed up the autolysis of the wine. In his work entitled "Using ultrasound to accelerate aging on the ... lees of red wines," Morata shows how to achieve yeast autolysis in minutes, a process that usually takes from 7-12 months, ... mannoproteins from lees and accelerating autolysis. Alberto De Iseppi, University of Padua; Antonio Morata, Polytechnic ...
1 (T[ransforming]. P[rinciple].) Effect of Fluoride on Autolysis of Pneumococcus Type III and on Preservation of the ... 1 (T[ransforming]. P[rinciple].) Effect of Fluoride on Autolysis of Pneumococcus Type III and on Preservation of the ... 1 (T[ransforming]. P[rinciple].) Effect of Fluoride on Autolysis of Pneumococcus Type III and on Preservation of the ... 1 (T[ransforming]. P[rinciple].) Effect of Fluoride on Autolysis of Pneumococcus Type III and on Preservation of the ...
1 (T[ransforming]. P[rinciple].) Effect of Fluoride on Autolysis of Pneumococcus Type III and on Preservation of the ... 1 (T[ransforming]. P[rinciple].) Effect of Fluoride on Autolysis of Pneumococcus Type III and on Preservation of the ... 1 (T[ransforming]. P[rinciple].) Effect of Fluoride on Autolysis of Pneumococcus Type III and on Preservation of the ... 1 (T[ransforming]. P[rinciple].) Effect of Fluoride on Autolysis of Pneumococcus Type III and on Preservation of the ...
1 (T[ransforming]. P[rinciple].) Effect of Fluoride on Autolysis of Pneumococcus Type III and on Preservation of the ...
Apoptosis plays a critical role in sea cucumber autolysis. To investigate the ultraviolet (UV)-induced apoptosis, sea cucumbers ... Inhibition of ultraviolet-induced sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicus) autolysis by maintain Inhibition of ultraviolet-induced ... Therefore, this study broadens understanding of the apoptotic mechanism involved in sea cucumber autolysis, which is helpful in ... sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicus) autolysis by maintaining coelomocyte intracellular calcium homeostasis. Tan, Zhi-Feng; Ding ...
"Autolysis precludes evaluation" and "insufficient tissue" should be exclusionary and categoric terms used only when autolysis ... That is, if even one morphologic diagnosis can be detected in a tissue, concurrent "autolysis precludes evaluation" or " ... "; "extensive autolysis precludes microscopic evaluation"; "pituitary shattered and folded"; "nephropathy may be severe enough ...
Nicotine Enhances Staphylococcus epidermidis Biofilm Formation by Altering the Bacterial Autolysis, Extracellular DNA Releasing ... Nicotine Enhances Staphylococcus epidermidis Biofilm Formation by Altering the Bacterial Autolysis, Extracellular DNA Releasing ...
1 (T[ransforming]. P[rinciple].) Effect of Fluoride on Autolysis of Pneumococcus Type III and on Preservation of the ... 1 (T[ransforming]. P[rinciple].) Effect of Fluoride on Autolysis of Pneumococcus Type III and on Preservation of the ... 1 (T[ransforming]. P[rinciple].) Effect of Fluoride on Autolysis of Pneumococcus Type III and on Preservation of the ... 1 (T[ransforming]. P[rinciple].) Effect of Fluoride on Autolysis of Pneumococcus Type III and on Preservation of the ...
Microscopic examination of the colon revealed only postmortem autolysis. Postmortem pathology using the alpha-toxin PCR assay ...
Autolysis versus RIN. Proposed new tissue sampling scheme. Leslie Sobin. Scott Jewell. ...
15-30% of samples show severe autolysis;. * Blood for RNA collected in PAXgene Blood RNA tubes, Blood for DNA collected in acid ...
Autolysis studies of cathepsin D.. Lah T; Turk V. Hoppe Seylers Z Physiol Chem; 1982 Mar; 363(3):247-54. PubMed ID: 7076125. [ ...
A festering abcess immersed in ravenous autolysis.... Breaking down of dead tissue fuels methane gases. A smouldering human ...
Leptospires are fragile and do not survive the changes of postmortem autolysis. Organism detection by Polymerase Chain Reaction ...
Lively mousse on a tender palate bubbles with toasty, nutty autolysis. As it warms up, the mousse softens and shows a sunny ...
MP: Did it look like there had been some autolysis?. RR: No. They just werent very solid. They looked like they were watery. I ...
There is mild autolysis that makes the villi unduly edematous appearing. Villous surface with fetal blood vessel in the center ...
Autolysis Dazzle 16 years ago 8,671 * Alright, thank you Dazzle! :) Autolysis. I just po... livingwater 16 years ago 7,261 ... Ketosis is different than, autolysis Ketosis causes the body to burn fat, from lack of carbs.. Now here is something I read ... When you fast, on vegetable and fruit juices, by the third day your body goes into autolysis.. the body turns into a furnace ...
Stored at -80C to prevent autolysis (self-digestion).. *Sonication was used to permit infiltration of the trypsin and ...
Stage One: Autolysis. The first stage is referred to in two ways: autolysis or self-digestion. This stage begins immediately ... Decomposition is a natural process that occurs after death and happens in four stages: autolysis, bloat, active decay, and ... The released enzymes from autolysis produce many gases as they rupture.. These compounds contain sulfuric compounds and ...
  • In most circumstances, autolysis and putrefaction occur in tandem. (medscape.com)
  • Decomposition mainly involves two processes known as Autolysis and Putrefaction. (affinitybioaz.com)
  • Reduced expression of the atl autolysin gene and susceptibility to autolysis in clinical heterogeneous glycopeptide-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (hGISA) and GISA strains. (harvard.edu)
  • Autolysis of living tissue. (nih.gov)
  • After milling, the autolysis process takes place in this tank. (thefishsite.com)
  • Animal 3 had advanced autolysis, which precluded pathologic analysis. (cdc.gov)