Australia
Western Australia
South Australia
Queensland
New South Wales
Victoria
Northern Territory
Oceanic Ancestry Group
New Zealand
Tasmania
Rural Health Services
Health Services, Indigenous
Australasia
Ross River virus
Melioidosis
Burkholderia pseudomallei
Australian Capital Territory
Geography
Pacific Islands
Hepatitis B Antigens
New Guinea
Seasons
Emigration and Immigration
Disease Outbreaks
Marsupialia
Population Groups
Climate
Risk Factors
Sequence Analysis, DNA
Questionnaires
Incidence
Tropical Climate
Introduced Species
Phylogeography
Fossils
Prevalence
Myrtaceae
Ecosystem
Cross-Cultural Comparison
Hendra Virus
Europe
Asia
North America
Canada
Proteaceae
Alphavirus Infections
Age Factors
Health Promotion
Phascolarctidae
Great Britain
Melanesia
Allied Health Personnel
Reptiles
Cross-Sectional Studies
Dietary intake and practices in the Hong Kong Chinese population. (1/6626)
OBJECTIVES: To examine dietary intake and practices of the adult Hong Kong Chinese population to provide a basis for future public health recommendations with regard to prevention of certain chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and osteoporosis. PARTICIPANTS: Age and sex stratified random sample of the Hong Kong Chinese population aged 25 to 74 years (500 men, 510 women). METHOD: A food frequency method over a one week period was used for nutrient quantification, and a separate questionnaire was used for assessment of dietary habits. Information was obtained by interview. RESULTS: Men had higher intakes of energy and higher nutrient density of vitamin D, monounsaturated fatty acids and cholesterol, but lower nutrient density of protein, many vitamins, calcium, iron, copper, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. There was an age related decrease in energy intake and other nutrients except for vitamin C, sodium, potassium, and percentage of total calorie from carbohydrate, which all increased with age. Approximately 50% of the population had a cholesterol intake of < or = 300 mg; 60% had a fat intake < or = 30% of total energy; and 85% had a percentage of energy from saturated fats < or = 10%; criteria considered desirable for cardiovascular health. Seventy eight per cent of the population had sodium intake values in the range shown to be associated with the age related rise in blood pressure with age. Mean calcium intake was lower than the FAO/WHO recommendations. The awareness of the value of wholemeal bread and polyunsaturated fat spreads was lower in this population compared with that in Australia. There was a marked difference in types of cooking oil compared with Singaporeans, the latter using more coconut/palm/mixed vegetable oils. CONCLUSION: Although the current intake pattern for cardiovascular health for fat, saturated fatty acid, and cholesterol fall within the recommended range for over 50% of the population, follow up surveys to monitor the pattern would be needed. Decreasing salt consumption, increasing calcium intake, and increasing the awareness of the health value of fibre may all be beneficial in the context of chronic disease prevention. (+info)Randomised controlled trial of effect of feedback on general practitioners' prescribing in Australia. (2/6626)
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect on general practitioners' prescribing of feedback on their levels of prescribing. DESIGN: Randomised controlled trial. SETTING: General practice in rural Australia. PARTICIPANTS: 2440 full time recognised general practitioners practising in non-urban areas. INTERVENTION: Two sets of graphical displays (6 months apart) of their prescribing rates for 2 years, relative to those of their peers, were posted to participants. Data were provided for five main drug groups and were accompanied by educational newsletters. The control group received no information on their prescribing. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prescribing rates in the intervention and control groups for the five main drug groups, total prescribing and potential substitute prescribing and ordering before and after the interventions. RESULTS: The intervention and control groups had similar baseline characteristics (age, sex, patient mix, practices). Median prescribing rates for the two groups were almost identical before and after the interventions. Any changes in prescribing observed in the intervention group were also seen in the control group. There was no evidence that feedback reduced the variability in prescribing nor did it differentially affect the very high or very low prescribers. CONCLUSIONS: The form of feedback evaluated here-mailed, unsolicited, centralised, government sponsored, and based on aggregate data-had no impact on the prescribing levels of general practitioners. (+info)Preliminary report: symptoms associated with mobile phone use. (3/6626)
Mobile phone use is ubiquitous, although the alleged health effects of low level radio-frequency radiation (RFR) used in transmission are contentious. Following isolated reports of headache-like symptoms arising in some users, a survey has been conducted to characterize the symptoms sometimes associated with mobile phone usage. A notice of interest in cases was placed in a major medical journal and this was publicized by the media. Respondents were interviewed by telephone using a structured questionnaire. Forty respondents from diverse occupations described unpleasant sensations such as a burning feeling or a dull ache mainly occurring in the temporal, occipital or auricular areas. The symptoms often began minutes after beginning a call, but could come on later during the day. The symptoms usually ceased within an hour after the call, but could last until evening. Symptoms did not occur when using an ordinary handset, and were different from ordinary headaches. There were several reports suggestive of intra-cranial effects. Three respondents reported local symptoms associated with wearing their mobile phone on their belts. There was one cluster of cases in a workplace. Seventy-five per cent of cases were associated with digital mobile phones. Most of the respondents obtained relief by altering their patterns of telephone usage or type of phone. Cranial and other diverse symptoms may arise associated with mobile phone usage. Physicians and users alike should be alert to this. Further work is needed to determine the range of effects, their mechanism and the possible implications for safety limits of RFR. (+info)Rider injury rates and emergency medical services at equestrian events. (4/6626)
BACKGROUND: Horse riding is a hazardous pastime, with a number of studies documenting high rates of injury and death among horse riders in general. This study focuses on the injury experience of cross country event riders, a high risk subset of horse riders. METHOD: Injury data were collected at a series of 35 equestrian events in South Australia from 1990 to 1998. RESULTS: Injury rates were found to be especially high among event riders, with frequent falls, injuries, and even deaths. The highest injury rates were among the riders competing at the highest levels. CONCLUSION: There is a need for skilled emergency medical services at equestrian events. (+info)Changing epidemiology of hepatitis A in the 1990s in Sydney, Australia. (5/6626)
Surveillance of hepatitis A in residents of Eastern Sydney Health Area identified substantial epidemics in homosexual males in 1991-2 with a peak rate of 520 per 100,000 recorded in males aged 25-29 years, and again in 1995-6, with a peak rate of 405 per 100,000 per year in males aged 30-34 years. During 1994-5 an epidemic was detected among disadvantaged youth associated with injecting drug use; peak rates of 200 per 100,000 per year were reported in males aged 25-29 years and of 64 per 100,000 per year among females aged 20-24 years. The epidemiology of hepatitis A in these inner suburbs of Sydney is characterized by very few childhood cases and recurrent epidemics among homosexual men. Identified risk groups need to be targeted with appropriate messages regarding the importance of hygiene and vaccination in preventing hepatitis A. However, poor access to health services among disadvantaged youth and a constant influx of young homosexual males into these inner suburbs present major challenges to hepatitis A control. (+info)A comparative analysis of surveyors from six hospital accreditation programmes and a consideration of the related management issues. (6/6626)
PURPOSE: To gather data on how accreditors manage surveyors, to compare these data and to offer them to the accreditors for improvement and to the scientific community for knowledge of the accreditation process and reinforcement of the credibility of these processes. DATA SOURCE: The data were gathered with the aid of a questionnaire sent to all accreditors participating in the study. RESULTS: An important finding in this comparative study is the different contractual relationships that exist between the accreditors and their surveyors. CONCLUSION: Surveyors around the world share many common features in terms of careers, training, work history and expectations. These similarities probably arise from the objectives of the accreditors who try to provide a developmental process to their clients rather than an 'inspection'. (+info)Biodiversity of Lactococcus garvieae strains isolated from fish in Europe, Asia, and Australia. (7/6626)
Lactococcus garvieae (junior synonym, Enterococcus seriolicida) is a major pathogen of fish, producing fatal septicemia among fish species living in very diverse environments. The phenotypic traits of L. garvieae strains collected from three different continents (Asia, Europe, and Australia) indicated phenotypic heterogeneity. On the basis of the acidification of D-tagatose and sucrose, three biotypes were defined. DNA relatedness values and a specific PCR assay showed that all the biotypes belonged to the same genospecies, L. garvieae. All of the L. garvieae strains were serotyped as Lancefield group N. Ribotyping proved that one clone was found both in Japan, where it probably originated, and in Italy, where it was probably imported. PCR of environmental samples did not reveal the source of the contamination of the fish in Italy. Specific clones (ribotypes) were found in outbreaks in Spain and in Italy. The L. garvieae reference strain, isolated in the United Kingdom from a cow, belonged to a unique ribotype. L. garvieae is a rising zoonotic agent. The biotyping scheme, the ribotyping analysis, and the PCR assay described in this work allowed the proper identification of L. garvieae and the description of the origin and of the source of contamination of strains involved in outbreaks or in sporadic cases. (+info)Mutations in the nebulin gene associated with autosomal recessive nemaline myopathy. (8/6626)
The congenital nemaline myopathies are rare hereditary muscle disorders characterized by the presence in the muscle fibers of nemaline bodies consisting of proteins derived from the Z disc and thin filament. In a single large Australian family with an autosomal dominant form of nemaline myopathy, the disease is caused by a mutation in the alpha-tropomyosin gene TPM3. The typical form of nemaline myopathy is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait, the locus of which we previously assigned to chromosome 2q21.2-q22. We show here that mutations in the nebulin gene located within this region are associated with the disease. The nebulin protein is a giant protein found in the thin filaments of striated muscle. A variety of nebulin isoforms are thought to contribute to the molecular diversity of Z discs. We have studied the 3' end of the 20. 8-kb cDNA encoding the Z disc part of the 800-kDa protein and describe six disease-associated mutations in patients from five families of different ethnic origins. In two families with consanguineous parents, the patients were homozygous for point mutations. In one family with nonconsanguineous parents, the affected siblings were compound heterozygotes for two different mutations, and in two further families with one detected mutation each, haplotypes are compatible with compound heterozygosity. Immunofluorescence studies with antibodies specific to the C-terminal region of nebulin indicate that the mutations may cause protein truncation possibly associated with loss of fiber-type diversity, which may be relevant to disease pathogenesis. (+info)I apologize for any confusion, but "Australia" is not a medical term or concept. It is the world's largest island and smallest continent, located in the Southern Hemisphere, surrounded by the Pacific and Indian Oceans. It is composed of many diverse ecosystems, including deserts, rainforests, and coastal areas, and is home to a wide variety of unique plant and animal species.
If you have any questions related to medical terminology or health-related topics, I would be happy to try and help answer them for you!
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Western Australia" is not a medical term. It is the largest state or territory in Australia by area, covering the entire western third of the country. If you have any questions about medical terms or concepts, I would be happy to help with those!
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "South Australia" is not a medical term or concept. It's actually the name of a region, specifically the Australian state of South Australia. If you have any questions related to medical terminology or health-related topics, I'd be happy to try and help with those!
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Queensland" is not a medical term. It is the second largest state in Australia, located in the northeastern part of the country. If you have any questions about medical terms or concepts, I would be happy to help with those!
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "New South Wales" is not a medical term. It's actually the name of the largest state in Australia, known for its diverse landscapes and wildlife. If you have any questions about medical terms or concepts, I'd be happy to help with those!
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Victoria" is not a medical term or condition. It is a name, which is often used as a place name, such as the capital city of British Columbia, Canada, or Victoria, Australia. If you have any medical concerns or questions, I would be happy to try and help answer those for you.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Northern Territory" is not a medical term. It is a geographical and political term referring to a federal territory in Australia. If you have any questions about medical terminology or concepts, I would be happy to help with those!
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Oceanic Ancestry Group" is not a standard medical term or classification. It seems to be a general term that refers to people who have ancestral origins in the Oceanic region, which includes countries like Australia, New Zealand, and various islands in the Pacific Ocean.
In genetic or genealogical contexts, it might refer to a group of populations sharing certain genetic characteristics due to their geographical and historical connections. However, it's important to note that such classifications can be oversimplified and may not accurately reflect the complex genetic histories and cultural identities of individuals.
If you're looking for a medical term related to ancestry or genetics, you might be thinking of "racial" or "ethnic" categories, which are sometimes used in medical research or clinical settings to describe patterns of disease risk or treatment response. However, these categories are also flawed and can oversimplify the genetic and cultural diversity within and between populations. It's generally more useful and accurate to consider each individual's unique genetic and environmental factors when considering their health and medical needs.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "New Zealand" is not a medical term or concept. It is a country located in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, known for its stunning landscapes, unique wildlife, and as the filming location for the "Lord of the Rings" films. If you have any questions related to medicine or health, I'd be happy to try and help answer those for you!
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Tasmania" is not a medical term. It's actually the name of an island state of Australia. It's located south of the mainland Australian continent, separated by the Bass Strait. It's known for its unique wildlife, including the Tasmanian devil, and diverse landscapes ranging from mountains and forests to beaches and coastline. If you have any medical terms you would like defined, I'd be happy to help!
Rural health services refer to the healthcare delivery systems and facilities that are located in rural areas and are designed to meet the unique health needs of rural populations. These services can include hospitals, clinics, community health centers, mental health centers, and home health agencies, as well as various programs and initiatives aimed at improving access to care, addressing health disparities, and promoting health and wellness in rural communities.
Rural health services are often characterized by longer travel distances to healthcare facilities, a greater reliance on primary care and preventive services, and a higher prevalence of certain health conditions such as chronic diseases, injuries, and mental health disorders. As a result, rural health services must be tailored to address these challenges and provide high-quality, affordable, and accessible care to rural residents.
In many countries, rural health services are supported by government policies and programs aimed at improving healthcare infrastructure, workforce development, and telehealth technologies in rural areas. These efforts are critical for ensuring that all individuals, regardless of where they live, have access to the healthcare services they need to maintain their health and well-being.
Health services for Indigenous people refer to medical and healthcare provision that is specifically designed, delivered, and organized to meet the unique cultural, historical, and social needs of indigenous populations. These services aim to address the health disparities and inequalities that often exist between indigenous and non-indigenous populations. They are typically community-based and involve traditional healing practices, as well as modern medical interventions. Indigenous health services may also incorporate cultural safety training for healthcare providers to ensure respectful and appropriate care.
Australasia is not a medical term, but a geographical region that includes Australia, New Zealand, and the islands of the Pacific Ocean that are southwest of the Asian continent. It is sometimes used in a broader sense to include Papua New Guinea, the eastern islands of Indonesia, and the island nations of the South Pacific.
Therefore, there is no medical definition for 'Australasia'. However, it is important to note that Australia and New Zealand have well-developed healthcare systems and high standards of medical care, while some of the smaller island nations in the region may have more limited resources and access to medical services.
Phylogeny is the evolutionary history and relationship among biological entities, such as species or genes, based on their shared characteristics. In other words, it refers to the branching pattern of evolution that shows how various organisms have descended from a common ancestor over time. Phylogenetic analysis involves constructing a tree-like diagram called a phylogenetic tree, which depicts the inferred evolutionary relationships among organisms or genes based on molecular sequence data or other types of characters. This information is crucial for understanding the diversity and distribution of life on Earth, as well as for studying the emergence and spread of diseases.
Ross River virus (RRV) is an infectious disease caused by the Ross River virus, which is a type of alphavirus. It is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected mosquitoes, primarily Aedes vigilax, Culex annulirostris, and Culex australicus in Australia.
RRV is endemic to Australia, Papua New Guinea, and some islands in the Pacific Ocean. The symptoms of RRV include fever, rash, joint pain and swelling, muscle aches, fatigue, and headache, which can last for several weeks to months. In severe cases, it can lead to chronic arthritis and other long-term complications.
There is no specific treatment for RRV, and management typically involves relieving symptoms with rest, fluids, and pain relief medications. Preventive measures include avoiding mosquito bites by using insect repellent, wearing protective clothing, and staying indoors during peak mosquito activity hours.
Melioidosis is a bacterial infection caused by the soil-dwelling gram-negative bacillus, Burkholderia pseudomallei. The disease primarily occurs in tropical areas such as Southeast Asia and northern Australia. It can present with a wide range of clinical manifestations including acute septicemia, pneumonia, and chronic suppurative infection. Risk factors for melioidosis include diabetes mellitus, renal disease, alcoholism, and lung disease. The diagnosis is confirmed by culturing B. pseudomallei from clinical specimens such as blood, sputum, or pus. Treatment typically involves a prolonged course of antibiotics, including intravenous ceftazidime followed by oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.
'Burkholderia pseudomallei' is a Gram-negative, aerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium that is the causative agent of melioidosis. It is found in soil and water in tropical and subtropical regions, particularly in Southeast Asia and northern Australia. The bacterium can infect humans and animals through inhalation, ingestion, or direct contact with contaminated soil or water. Melioidosis can cause a wide range of symptoms, including pneumonia, sepsis, and abscesses in various organs. It is a serious and potentially fatal disease, especially in people with underlying medical conditions such as diabetes, kidney disease, or compromised immune systems. Proper diagnosis and treatment with appropriate antibiotics are essential for managing melioidosis.
The Australian Capital Territory (ACT) is a federal territory of Australia that serves as the country's capital and is home to the city of Canberra. It is not a state, but rather a separate territorial jurisdiction that is self-governing, with its own legislative assembly responsible for local governance.
The ACT was established in 1911 as the site for Australia's capital city, following a compromise between the two largest cities in the country at the time, Sydney and Melbourne, which both sought to be named the national capital. The territory covers an area of approximately 2,358 square kilometers (910 square miles) and has a population of around 430,000 people.
The ACT is home to many important government buildings and institutions, including Parliament House, the High Court of Australia, and the Australian War Memorial. It also boasts a diverse range of natural attractions, such as the Namadgi National Park and the Tidbinbilla Nature Reserve, which offer opportunities for hiking, camping, and wildlife viewing.
In medical terms, the ACT has its own healthcare system and infrastructure, with several hospitals, clinics, and medical centers located throughout the territory. The Australian Government provides funding for public health services in the ACT, while private health insurance is also available to residents. The territory's main hospital, Canberra Hospital, offers a range of specialist medical services, including emergency care, cancer treatment, and mental health services.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "geography" is not a term that has a medical definition. Geography is a field of study that deals with the location and distribution of physical and cultural features on Earth's surface, as well as how humans interact with and affect those features. It is not a concept that is typically used in a medical context. If you have any questions related to medicine or healthcare, I would be happy to try to help answer them for you!
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Pacific Islands" is a geographic term referring to the islands located in the Pacific Ocean, and it is not a medical term. It includes thousands of islands spread across the Pacific Ocean, which are categorized into three main groups: Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia.
If you have any medical terms you'd like defined, please let me know!
Hepatitis B antigens are proteins or particles present on the surface (HBsAg) or inside (HBcAg, HBeAg) the hepatitis B virus.
1. HBsAg (Hepatitis B surface antigen): This is a protein found on the outer surface of the hepatitis B virus. Its presence in the blood indicates an active infection with hepatitis B virus. It's also used as a marker to diagnose hepatitis B infection and monitor treatment response.
2. HBcAg (Hepatitis B core antigen): This is a protein found inside the hepatitis B virus core. It's not usually detected in the blood, but its antibodies (anti-HBc) are used to diagnose past or present hepatitis B infection.
3. HBeAg (Hepatitis B e antigen): This is a protein found inside the hepatitis B virus core and is associated with viral replication. Its presence in the blood indicates high levels of viral replication, increased infectivity, and higher risk of liver damage. It's used to monitor disease progression and treatment response.
These antigens play a crucial role in the diagnosis, management, and prevention of hepatitis B infection.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "New Guinea" is not a medical term. It is the second largest island in the world, located in the southwest Pacific Ocean, northeast of Australia. The island is divided politically between the independent nation of Papua New Guinea to the east and the Indonesian provinces of Papua and West Papua to the west.
If you have any medical questions or terms that you would like defined, I'd be happy to help!
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "seasons" is not a term that has a medical definition. Seasons refer to the four divisions of the year (spring, summer, autumn or fall, and winter) based on the position of the earth in its orbit around the sun. If you have any questions related to health or medicine, I'd be happy to try to help answer those!
Emigration is the process of leaving one's country of origin or habitual residence to settle in another country. It involves giving up the rights and privileges associated with citizenship in the country of origin and acquiring new rights and responsibilities as a citizen or resident of the destination country. Emigrants are people who choose to leave their native land to live elsewhere, often driven by factors such as economic opportunities, political instability, or conflict.
Immigration, on the other hand, is the process of entering and settling in a new country with the intention of becoming a permanent resident or citizen. Immigrants are individuals who come from another country to live in a new place, often seeking better job opportunities, education, or quality of life. They must comply with the immigration laws and regulations of the host country and may be required to undergo medical examinations, background checks, and other screening processes before being granted permission to enter and reside in the country.
In summary, emigration refers to leaving one's home country, while immigration refers to entering and settling in a new country.
A disease outbreak is defined as the occurrence of cases of a disease in excess of what would normally be expected in a given time and place. It may affect a small and localized group or a large number of people spread over a wide area, even internationally. An outbreak may be caused by a new agent, a change in the agent's virulence or host susceptibility, or an increase in the size or density of the host population.
Outbreaks can have significant public health and economic impacts, and require prompt investigation and control measures to prevent further spread of the disease. The investigation typically involves identifying the source of the outbreak, determining the mode of transmission, and implementing measures to interrupt the chain of infection. This may include vaccination, isolation or quarantine, and education of the public about the risks and prevention strategies.
Examples of disease outbreaks include foodborne illnesses linked to contaminated food or water, respiratory infections spread through coughing and sneezing, and mosquito-borne diseases such as Zika virus and West Nile virus. Outbreaks can also occur in healthcare settings, such as hospitals and nursing homes, where vulnerable populations may be at increased risk of infection.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Marsupialia" is not a medical term. It is a taxonomic category in biology, specifically an order that includes mammals known as marsupials. These are mammals that carry their young in a pouch after birth. Examples of marsupials include kangaroos, koalas, and opossums. If you have any medical questions or terms you would like defined, I'd be happy to help!
'Population groups' is not a medical term per se, but it is often used in the context of public health and epidemiology to refer to specific categories or subsets of a population that share common characteristics. These characteristics can be demographic (such as age, sex, race/ethnicity), geographic (rural vs urban), socioeconomic (income, education level), or behavioral (lifestyle choices such as smoking or diet).
By analyzing health data and outcomes in specific population groups, researchers and public health officials can identify disparities and develop targeted interventions to improve health equity. It's important to note that the way these groups are defined and categorized can have significant implications for how health policies and programs are developed and implemented.
Climate, in the context of environmental science and medicine, refers to the long-term average of weather conditions (such as temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind, rainfall, and other meteorological elements) in a given region over a period of years to decades. It is the statistical description of the weather patterns that occur in a particular location over long periods of time.
In medical terms, climate can have significant impacts on human health, both physical and mental. For example, extreme temperatures, air pollution, and ultraviolet radiation levels associated with certain climates can increase the risk of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, heat-related illnesses, and skin cancer. Similarly, changes in climate patterns can affect the distribution and prevalence of infectious diseases, such as malaria and Lyme disease.
Climate change, which refers to significant long-term changes in the statistical distribution of weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years, can have even more profound impacts on human health, including increased rates of heat-related illnesses and deaths, worsening air quality, and altered transmission patterns of infectious diseases.
Medical Definition:
"Risk factors" are any attribute, characteristic or exposure of an individual that increases the likelihood of developing a disease or injury. They can be divided into modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. Modifiable risk factors are those that can be changed through lifestyle choices or medical treatment, while non-modifiable risk factors are inherent traits such as age, gender, or genetic predisposition. Examples of modifiable risk factors include smoking, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, and unhealthy diet, while non-modifiable risk factors include age, sex, and family history. It is important to note that having a risk factor does not guarantee that a person will develop the disease, but rather indicates an increased susceptibility.
DNA Sequence Analysis is the systematic determination of the order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule. It is a critical component of modern molecular biology, genetics, and genetic engineering. The process involves determining the exact order of the four nucleotide bases - adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T) - in a DNA molecule or fragment. This information is used in various applications such as identifying gene mutations, studying evolutionary relationships, developing molecular markers for breeding, and diagnosing genetic diseases.
The process of DNA Sequence Analysis typically involves several steps, including DNA extraction, PCR amplification (if necessary), purification, sequencing reaction, and electrophoresis. The resulting data is then analyzed using specialized software to determine the exact sequence of nucleotides.
In recent years, high-throughput DNA sequencing technologies have revolutionized the field of genomics, enabling the rapid and cost-effective sequencing of entire genomes. This has led to an explosion of genomic data and new insights into the genetic basis of many diseases and traits.
A questionnaire in the medical context is a standardized, systematic, and structured tool used to gather information from individuals regarding their symptoms, medical history, lifestyle, or other health-related factors. It typically consists of a series of written questions that can be either self-administered or administered by an interviewer. Questionnaires are widely used in various areas of healthcare, including clinical research, epidemiological studies, patient care, and health services evaluation to collect data that can inform diagnosis, treatment planning, and population health management. They provide a consistent and organized method for obtaining information from large groups or individual patients, helping to ensure accurate and comprehensive data collection while minimizing bias and variability in the information gathered.
In epidemiology, the incidence of a disease is defined as the number of new cases of that disease within a specific population over a certain period of time. It is typically expressed as a rate, with the number of new cases in the numerator and the size of the population at risk in the denominator. Incidence provides information about the risk of developing a disease during a given time period and can be used to compare disease rates between different populations or to monitor trends in disease occurrence over time.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "tropical climate" is not a medical term. It is a geographical term that refers to the climate of tropical regions, which are located around the equator. These regions are characterized by high temperatures and consistent rainfall throughout the year.
However, it's worth noting that certain environmental factors, such as climate, can have an impact on human health. For instance, tropical climates can contribute to the spread of certain diseases, like malaria and dengue fever, due to the presence of mosquitoes that thrive in warm, wet environments. But a "tropical climate" itself is not a medical condition or diagnosis.
In the context of medical and ecological health, an "introduced species" refers to a plant or animal population that has been intentionally or unintentionally introduced by human actions into a new environment, outside of their natural historical range, where they do not have any known native predecessors. These introductions can occur through various means such as accidental transportation in cargo, deliberate releases for purposes like biological control or pets, and escapes from cultivation.
Introduced species can become invasive if they adapt well to their new environment, reproduce rapidly, outcompete native species for resources, and disrupt local ecosystems. This can lead to significant ecological changes, loss of biodiversity, impacts on human health, and economic consequences. Some introduced species carry diseases or parasites that can affect humans, livestock, and wildlife in the new environment, posing potential public health concerns.
Phylogeography is not a medical term, but rather a subfield of biogeography and phylogenetics that investigates the spatial distribution of genealogical lineages and the historical processes that have shaped them. It uses genetic data to infer the geographic origins, dispersal routes, and demographic history of organisms, including pathogens and vectors that can affect human health.
In medical and public health contexts, phylogeography is often used to study the spread of infectious diseases, such as HIV/AIDS, influenza, or tuberculosis, by analyzing the genetic diversity and geographic distribution of pathogen isolates. This information can help researchers understand how diseases emerge, evolve, and move across populations and landscapes, which can inform disease surveillance, control, and prevention strategies.
In medical terms, "fossils" do not have a specific or direct relevance to the field. However, in a broader scientific context, fossils are the remains or impressions of prehistoric organisms preserved in petrified form or as a mold or cast in rock. They offer valuable evidence about the Earth's history and the life forms that existed on it millions of years ago.
Paleopathology is a subfield of paleontology that deals with the study of diseases in fossils, which can provide insights into the evolution of diseases and human health over time.
Prevalence, in medical terms, refers to the total number of people in a given population who have a particular disease or condition at a specific point in time, or over a specified period. It is typically expressed as a percentage or a ratio of the number of cases to the size of the population. Prevalence differs from incidence, which measures the number of new cases that develop during a certain period.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Myrtaceae" is not a medical term. It is a taxonomic category in biology, specifically the family name for a group of flowering plants that include eucalyptus, tea tree, and myrtle, among others. These plants have fleshy fruits or dry capsules and contain essential oils with various medicinal properties. If you have any questions related to health or medicine, I'd be happy to try to help answer those!
An "ecosystem" is not a term that has a specific medical definition, as it is a concept that is more commonly used in the fields of ecology and environmental science. However, I can provide you with the general ecological definition of an ecosystem:
An ecosystem is a community of living organisms interacting with each other and their non-living environment, including both biotic factors (plants, animals, microorganisms) and abiotic factors (climate, soil, water, and air). These interactions create a complex network of relationships that form the foundation of ecological processes, such as energy flow, nutrient cycling, and population dynamics.
While there is no direct medical definition for an ecosystem, understanding the principles of ecosystems can have important implications for human health. For example, healthy ecosystems can provide clean air and water, regulate climate, support food production, and offer opportunities for recreation and relaxation, all of which contribute to overall well-being. Conversely, degraded ecosystems can lead to increased exposure to environmental hazards, reduced access to natural resources, and heightened risks of infectious diseases. Therefore, maintaining the health and integrity of ecosystems is crucial for promoting human health and preventing disease.
Cross-cultural comparison is a research method used in various fields such as anthropology, sociology, psychology, and medical sciences to compare and contrast cultural practices, beliefs, values, and behaviors across different cultural groups. In the context of medicine, cross-cultural comparison involves examining health outcomes, illness experiences, healthcare systems, and medical practices across diverse populations to identify similarities and differences.
The goal of cross-cultural comparison in medicine is to enhance our understanding of how culture shapes health and illness, improve the cultural competence of healthcare providers, reduce health disparities, and develop culturally appropriate interventions and treatments. Cross-cultural comparison can help identify best practices and effective strategies that can be adapted and applied in different cultural contexts to promote health and wellbeing.
Examples of cross-cultural comparisons in medicine include comparing the prevalence and risk factors of chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer across different populations, examining cultural differences in pain management and communication styles between patients and healthcare providers, and exploring the impact of traditional healing practices on mental health outcomes.
Hendra virus (HeV) is an enveloped, negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus that belongs to the genus Henipavirus in the family Paramyxoviridae. It was initially identified in 1994 during an outbreak of a mysterious disease affecting horses and humans in Hendra, a suburb of Brisbane, Australia. The natural host of this virus is the fruit bat (Pteropus spp.), also known as flying foxes.
HeV infection can cause severe respiratory and neurological diseases in various mammals, including horses, humans, and other domestic animals. Horses are considered the primary source of human infections, as they get infected after direct or indirect contact with body fluids (e.g., urine, saliva, or nasal discharge) from infected fruit bats. Human cases usually occur through close contact with infected horses or their bodily fluids during veterinary care, slaughtering, or other activities.
The incubation period in humans ranges from 5 to 16 days, followed by the onset of nonspecific influenza-like symptoms such as fever, cough, sore throat, and muscle pain. In severe cases, HeV can cause pneumonia, encephalitis, or both, with a high fatality rate (approximately 57%). No specific treatment or vaccine is currently available for humans; however, ribavirin has shown some efficacy in treating HeV infections in vitro and in animal models. Preventive measures include avoiding contact with infected horses and implementing strict biosecurity practices when handling potentially infected animals.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but the term "Europe" is a geographical and political designation, rather than a medical one. It refers to the continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. Europe is made up of approximately 50 countries, depending on how one defines a "country."
If you have any questions related to medical terminology or health-related topics, I'd be happy to help answer them!
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "rain" is not a medical term. In general, rain refers to water droplets that fall from the sky as part of the Earth's weather cycle. These drops form when moisture in the air condenses and cools, creating clouds which eventually become heavy enough to release the collected water.
If you have any medical concerns or questions, I'd be happy to try and help answer those for you!
I apologize for any confusion, but "Asia" is not a medical term. It is the largest continent in the world, comprising about 30% of the Earth's total land area and containing around 60% of the world's current human population. It is divided into several regions, including Northern Asia (Siberia), Eastern Asia (China, Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Taiwan), Southern Asia (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Maldives), Southeastern Asia (Vietnam, Thailand, Indonesia, Philippines, Malaysia, Singapore, Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos, Brunei), and Western Asia (Middle East).
If you have any questions related to medical terminology or health-related topics, I'd be happy to help.
A newborn infant is a baby who is within the first 28 days of life. This period is also referred to as the neonatal period. Newborns require specialized care and attention due to their immature bodily systems and increased vulnerability to various health issues. They are closely monitored for signs of well-being, growth, and development during this critical time.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "North America" is not a medical term. It is a geographical term that refers to the third largest continent in the world, which includes countries such as the United States, Canada, and Mexico, among others. If you have any questions related to medical terminology or health topics, I'd be happy to help with those!
I apologize, but "Canada" is not a medical term or concept. It is a country located in North America, known for its vast wilderness, multicultural cities, and significant natural resources. If you have any questions related to healthcare or medical terms, I would be happy to help answer those!
Genetic variation refers to the differences in DNA sequences among individuals and populations. These variations can result from mutations, genetic recombination, or gene flow between populations. Genetic variation is essential for evolution by providing the raw material upon which natural selection acts. It can occur within a single gene, between different genes, or at larger scales, such as differences in the number of chromosomes or entire sets of chromosomes. The study of genetic variation is crucial in understanding the genetic basis of diseases and traits, as well as the evolutionary history and relationships among species.
A rural population refers to people who live in areas that are outside of urban areas, typically defined as having fewer than 2,000 residents and lacking certain infrastructure and services such as running water, sewage systems, and paved roads. Rural populations often have less access to healthcare services, education, and economic opportunities compared to their urban counterparts. This population group can face unique health challenges, including higher rates of poverty, limited access to specialized medical care, and a greater exposure to environmental hazards such as agricultural chemicals and industrial pollutants.
I apologize for any confusion, but "Proteaceae" is not a medical term. It is a botanical term that refers to a family of flowering plants, found primarily in the southern hemisphere, particularly in Australia, South Africa, and South America. The plants in this family are known for their distinctive flowers and hard, woody seeds.
Alphavirus infections refer to a group of diseases caused by viruses belonging to the Alphavirus genus of the Togaviridae family. These viruses are transmitted to humans through the bite of infected mosquitoes, and can cause a range of symptoms depending on the specific virus and the individual's immune response.
Some of the more common alphaviruses that cause human disease include:
* Chikungunya virus (CHIKV): This virus is transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes and can cause a fever, rash, and severe joint pain. While most people recover from CHIKV infection within a few weeks, some may experience long-term joint pain and inflammation.
* Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV): This virus is transmitted by mosquitoes that feed on both birds and mammals, including humans. EEEV can cause severe neurological symptoms such as fever, headache, seizures, and coma. It has a high mortality rate of up to 30-50% in infected individuals.
* Western equine encephalitis virus (WEEV): This virus is also transmitted by mosquitoes that feed on both birds and mammals. WEEV can cause mild flu-like symptoms or more severe neurological symptoms such as fever, headache, and seizures. It has a lower mortality rate than EEEV but can still cause significant illness.
* Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV): This virus is transmitted by mosquitoes that feed on horses and other mammals, including humans. VEEV can cause mild flu-like symptoms or more severe neurological symptoms such as fever, headache, and seizures. It is considered a potential bioterrorism agent due to its ability to cause severe illness and death in large populations.
There are no specific treatments for alphavirus infections other than supportive care to manage symptoms. Prevention measures include avoiding mosquito bites through the use of insect repellent, wearing long sleeves and pants, and staying indoors during peak mosquito hours. Public health efforts also focus on reducing mosquito populations through environmental controls such as eliminating standing water and using insecticides.
"General practice" in the context of medicine refers to the provision of primary care services that are delivered by a general practitioner (GP) or family physician. These healthcare professionals offer broad-based, first-contact care for a wide range of health issues and conditions, regardless of age, gender, or type of disease. They provide continuous and comprehensive care to individuals and families in their communities, acting as the entry point into the healthcare system and coordinating care with other specialists when needed. General practice emphasizes prevention, health promotion, early intervention, and management of acute and chronic conditions.
"Age factors" refer to the effects, changes, or differences that age can have on various aspects of health, disease, and medical care. These factors can encompass a wide range of issues, including:
1. Physiological changes: As people age, their bodies undergo numerous physical changes that can affect how they respond to medications, illnesses, and medical procedures. For example, older adults may be more sensitive to certain drugs or have weaker immune systems, making them more susceptible to infections.
2. Chronic conditions: Age is a significant risk factor for many chronic diseases, such as heart disease, diabetes, cancer, and arthritis. As a result, age-related medical issues are common and can impact treatment decisions and outcomes.
3. Cognitive decline: Aging can also lead to cognitive changes, including memory loss and decreased decision-making abilities. These changes can affect a person's ability to understand and comply with medical instructions, leading to potential complications in their care.
4. Functional limitations: Older adults may experience physical limitations that impact their mobility, strength, and balance, increasing the risk of falls and other injuries. These limitations can also make it more challenging for them to perform daily activities, such as bathing, dressing, or cooking.
5. Social determinants: Age-related factors, such as social isolation, poverty, and lack of access to transportation, can impact a person's ability to obtain necessary medical care and affect their overall health outcomes.
Understanding age factors is critical for healthcare providers to deliver high-quality, patient-centered care that addresses the unique needs and challenges of older adults. By taking these factors into account, healthcare providers can develop personalized treatment plans that consider a person's age, physical condition, cognitive abilities, and social circumstances.
Health promotion is the process of enabling people to increase control over their health and its determinants, and to improve their health. It moves beyond a focus on individual behavior change to include social and environmental interventions that can positively influence the health of individuals, communities, and populations. Health promotion involves engaging in a wide range of activities, such as advocacy, policy development, community organization, and education that aim to create supportive environments and personal skills that foster good health. It is based on principles of empowerment, participation, and social justice.
Henipavirus infections are caused by two paramyxoviruses, Hendra virus and Nipah virus. These viruses can cause severe illness in both humans and animals, particularly horses and pigs.
The natural hosts for these viruses are fruit bats (Pteropus spp.), also known as flying foxes. Transmission to humans can occur through direct contact with infected animals or their bodily fluids, consumption of contaminated food or drink, or through exposure to an environment contaminated with the virus.
Infection with Hendra virus can cause respiratory and neurological symptoms in humans, with a high fatality rate. Nipah virus infection can cause respiratory illness, fever, headache, dizziness, and altered consciousness, which can progress to encephalitis and coma. The case fatality rate for Nipah virus infection is estimated to be around 40-75%.
There are no specific treatments or vaccines available for henipavirus infections, and prevention efforts focus on reducing exposure to the viruses through public health measures such as avoiding contact with infected animals and their bodily fluids, practicing good hygiene and food safety, and implementing appropriate infection control practices.
Phascolarctidae is a family of marsupials commonly known as koalas or koala bears, although they are not actually bears. They are native to Australia and are recognized by their thick, woolly fur, large ears, and distinctive nose. The medical definition related to Phascolarctidae might refer to any health issues specifically affecting koalas, such as diseases that impact their unique gut microbiome or conservation efforts addressing threats to their population.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but the term "Great Britain" is not a medical concept or condition. It is a geographical and political term referring to the largest island in the British Isles, on which the majority of England, Scotland, and Wales are located. It's also used to refer to the political union of these three countries, which is called the United Kingdom. Therefore, it doesn't have a medical definition.
A General Practitioner (GP) is a medical doctor who provides primary care and treats a wide range of health conditions in patients of all ages. They serve as the first point of contact for individuals seeking healthcare services and provide ongoing, person-centered care, including prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and management of acute and chronic illnesses. GPs often collaborate with specialists, hospitals, and other healthcare professionals to ensure their patients receive comprehensive and coordinated care. They are trained to recognize a wide variety of diseases and conditions, and to handle a majority of health problems that present in their patients. General practitioners may also provide health education, lifestyle advice, and counseling to promote overall well-being and disease prevention.
In the field of medicine, "time factors" refer to the duration of symptoms or time elapsed since the onset of a medical condition, which can have significant implications for diagnosis and treatment. Understanding time factors is crucial in determining the progression of a disease, evaluating the effectiveness of treatments, and making critical decisions regarding patient care.
For example, in stroke management, "time is brain," meaning that rapid intervention within a specific time frame (usually within 4.5 hours) is essential to administering tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), a clot-busting drug that can minimize brain damage and improve patient outcomes. Similarly, in trauma care, the "golden hour" concept emphasizes the importance of providing definitive care within the first 60 minutes after injury to increase survival rates and reduce morbidity.
Time factors also play a role in monitoring the progression of chronic conditions like diabetes or heart disease, where regular follow-ups and assessments help determine appropriate treatment adjustments and prevent complications. In infectious diseases, time factors are crucial for initiating antibiotic therapy and identifying potential outbreaks to control their spread.
Overall, "time factors" encompass the significance of recognizing and acting promptly in various medical scenarios to optimize patient outcomes and provide effective care.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Melanesia" is not a medical term. It is a geographical region in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, consisting of an island group including New Guinea, the Bismarck Archipelago, the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, New Caledonia, and the Fiji islands. The term "Melanesia" comes from the Greek words "melas," meaning black, and "nesos," meaning island, referring to the dark skin of the inhabitants. It's primarily used in anthropological, geographical, and cultural contexts.
Allied health personnel refers to a group of healthcare professionals who are licensed or regulated to provide specific services within the healthcare system. They work in collaboration with physicians and other healthcare providers to deliver comprehensive medical care. Allied health personnel include various disciplines such as:
1. Occupational therapists
2. Physical therapists
3. Speech-language pathologists
4. Audiologists
5. Respiratory therapists
6. Dietitians and nutritionists
7. Social workers
8. Diagnostic medical sonographers
9. Radiologic technologists
10. Clinical laboratory scientists
11. Genetic counselors
12. Rehabilitation counselors
13. Therapeutic recreation specialists
These professionals play a crucial role in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of various medical conditions and are essential members of the healthcare team.
Bacterial DNA refers to the genetic material found in bacteria. It is composed of a double-stranded helix containing four nucleotide bases - adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C) - that are linked together by phosphodiester bonds. The sequence of these bases in the DNA molecule carries the genetic information necessary for the growth, development, and reproduction of bacteria.
Bacterial DNA is circular in most bacterial species, although some have linear chromosomes. In addition to the main chromosome, many bacteria also contain small circular pieces of DNA called plasmids that can carry additional genes and provide resistance to antibiotics or other environmental stressors.
Unlike eukaryotic cells, which have their DNA enclosed within a nucleus, bacterial DNA is present in the cytoplasm of the cell, where it is in direct contact with the cell's metabolic machinery. This allows for rapid gene expression and regulation in response to changing environmental conditions.
Rural health is a branch of healthcare that focuses on the unique health challenges and needs of people living in rural areas. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines rural health as "the state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity, in the rural population."
Rural populations often face disparities in healthcare access and quality compared to their urban counterparts. Factors such as geographic isolation, poverty, lack of transportation, and a shortage of healthcare providers can contribute to these disparities. Rural health encompasses a broad range of services, including primary care, prevention, chronic disease management, mental health, oral health, and emergency medical services.
The goal of rural health is to improve the health outcomes of rural populations by addressing these unique challenges and providing high-quality, accessible healthcare services that meet their needs. This may involve innovative approaches such as telemedicine, mobile health clinics, and community-based programs to reach people in remote areas.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Reptiles" is not a medical term. It is a term used in biology to describe a class of cold-blooded, scaly-skinned animals that include snakes, lizards, alligators, crocodiles, turtles, and tortoises. They are characterized by having lungs for breathing, laying eggs on land, and having a three-chambered heart. If you have any medical questions or terms, I'd be happy to help clarify those!
A cross-sectional study is a type of observational research design that examines the relationship between variables at one point in time. It provides a snapshot or a "cross-section" of the population at a particular moment, allowing researchers to estimate the prevalence of a disease or condition and identify potential risk factors or associations.
In a cross-sectional study, data is collected from a sample of participants at a single time point, and the variables of interest are measured simultaneously. This design can be used to investigate the association between exposure and outcome, but it cannot establish causality because it does not follow changes over time.
Cross-sectional studies can be conducted using various data collection methods, such as surveys, interviews, or medical examinations. They are often used in epidemiology to estimate the prevalence of a disease or condition in a population and to identify potential risk factors that may contribute to its development. However, because cross-sectional studies only provide a snapshot of the population at one point in time, they cannot account for changes over time or determine whether exposure preceded the outcome.
Therefore, while cross-sectional studies can be useful for generating hypotheses and identifying potential associations between variables, further research using other study designs, such as cohort or case-control studies, is necessary to establish causality and confirm any findings.
I must apologize, but there seems to be a misunderstanding. The term "internationality" is not a commonly used medical term with a specific definition in the field of medicine or healthcare. It is a more general term that can refer to the quality or state of being international or global in scope, relevance, or application. If you have any questions related to medical terminology or health-related topics, I would be happy to try and help clarify those for you.
Australia
Volleyball Australia
Basketball Australia
Advancing Australia
FamilyVoice Australia
Opera Australia
Australia (horse)
One Australia
ComfortDelGro Australia
Crusaders Australia
Prosper Australia
Australia Calls
LCVP (Australia)
Sounds Australia
Opposition (Australia)
Central Australia
Safeway (Australia)
Electronics Australia
Coalition (Australia)
IBBY Australia
ExxonMobil Australia
Najidah (Australia)
Whistleblowers Australia
CARE Australia
Australia Unlimited
Farmall Australia
FareShare (Australia)
Motorcycling Australia
Australia Navarro
TRL Australia
Careers | Lockheed Martin
Free spins No Deposit Australia 2023 - Betsquare the #1 casino platform
Australia - Wikipedia
Volleyball Australia - Wikipedia
Basketball Australia - Wikipedia
Australia | Britannica
Jobs in Australia | PhD
Constitutional Convention (Australia) - Wikipedia
Agribusiness | Deloitte Australia
Beauty - Panasonic Australia
Australia - Countries & Regions - IEA
The discovery of Australia
Australia/Oceania - EnchantedLearning.com
Take action | UNHCR Australia
Time Out Australia - Sitemap
Hypnotherapy | Psychology Today Australia
Stonework Sisters - Gardening Australia
Deloitte Private | Deloitte Australia
Australia - Countries & Regions - IEA
Australia in spring 2020
Australia | Abcteach
Geoscience Australia | Institution outputs | Nature Index
Rental Conditions - Goethe-Institut Australia
Australia Passes Landmark Climate Law
World Peace 2000 (Australia) - Idealist
Australia: the great nanny state
Australia Travel Stories - Lonely Planet
Rolling Stone Australia videos - Dailymotion
Restoring Australia's Lost Shellfish Reefs
Victoria9
- A horseback tour of the wineries of Mornington Peninsula, Victoria, Australia. (britannica.com)
- Unlike the first convention, the delegates from New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia and Tasmania were elected by popular vote. (wikipedia.org)
- The reasons are not difficult to identify: the white Australia policy, the Cold War, the Nehru-Menzies discord, India's autarkic economic policies, Canberra's strident res-ponse to New Delhi's nuclear tests and attacks on Indian students in Victoria. (indiatimes.com)
- Color Australia according to simple directions, such as, "Color Victoria dark green. (enchantedlearning.com)
- Some parts of the northern tropics were analysed as having had their warmest spring on record for mean maximum temperature, while mean minimum temperature for the season was the highest on record for spring for areas of the inland northern tropics, south-western Queensland, the eastern half of Victoria and far south-east New South Wales, and much of the western half of South Australia. (bom.gov.au)
- A large number of stations in New South Wales and South Australia observed record high November daily maximum temperatures on the 28th or 29th, as did a few stations in Victoria , while Queensland saw records on the 30th. (bom.gov.au)
- A number of stations in New South Wales , South Australia , Queensland , and Victoria observed their highest spring mean daily minimum temperature on record. (bom.gov.au)
- Rainfall for spring was above average for much of the Kimberley and Pilbara in Western Australia, much of South Australia except the south-east, western New South Wales and adjacent far south-west Queensland, and scattered smaller areas in south-west Victoria, south-east New South Wales, and southern Western Australia. (bom.gov.au)
- Daylight Saving Time (DST) is used in the Australian Capital Territory , New South Wales , South Australia , Tasmania , and Victoria (see map). (timeanddate.com)
20232
- The table to the right includes counts of all research outputs for Geoscience Australia published between 1 August 2022 - 31 July 2023 which are tracked by the Nature Index. (nature.com)
- Australia has observed DST for 62 years between 1916 and 2023 (DST in at least one location). (timeanddate.com)
Australia's5
- Australia's written history commenced with the European maritime exploration of Australia. (wikipedia.org)
- The Convention was divided into four philosophical groups: those wanting to retain Australia's existing constitutional monarchy , those wanting Australia to become a republic with a president chosen by the Parliament ("indirect electionists"), those wanting Australia to become a republic with a president elected by the people ("direct electionists"), and those having no fixed position or seeking a compromise between the other groups. (wikipedia.org)
- The National Library of Australia acknowledges Australia's First Nations Peoples - the First Australians - as the Traditional Owners and Custodians of this land and gives respect to the Elders - past and present - and through them to all Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. (nla.gov.au)
- Chinese ship lasing of P-8A Poseidon on 17 February 2022 Australia DOD 22 Feb 2022 -- On 17 February 2022, an Australian Maritime Patrol Aircraft P-8A Poseidon detected a laser illuminating the aircraft while it was conducting a routine surveillance flight over Australia's northern approaches. (globalsecurity.org)
- Australia Lifts COVID Restrictions and Welcomes Travelers VOA 21 Feb 2022 -- "Today we rejoined the world," said Australia's New South Wales Premier Dominic Perrotte Monday, as the country opened to international travelers after lifting COVID-19 restrictions that had been imposed for nearly two years. (globalsecurity.org)
Queensland6
- Learn about natural features of the Outback in Queensland, Australia. (britannica.com)
- Learn about water-sports tourism on the Sunshine Coast of Queensland, Australia. (britannica.com)
- Army aircrews to the rescue Australia DOD 27 Feb 2022 -- The Australian Army has provided critical support to the emerging Queensland flood crisis. (globalsecurity.org)
- Western Australia , Queensland , and the Northern Territory don't use DST, as shown in the map below. (timeanddate.com)
- Learn about the animals and natural features of Fraser Island, Queensland, Australia. (britannica.com)
- The Diamantina River flows southwest from northern Queensland toward Lake Eyre in South Australia. (nasa.gov)
20182
- The 2018 IEA in-depth review provides recommendations to help Australia guide the transition of its energy sector. (iea.org)
- 26 February 2018 - Dr Jean Jabbour, WHO Representative in Egypt, welcomed H.E. Ambassador of Australia, Mr Neil Hawkins who visited the WHO country office in Egypt, on 25 February 2018, to discuss collaboration between the Australian Embassy and WHO in strengthening health systems within the umbrella of universal health coverage and other public health programmes, including hepatitis C. (who.int)
Oceania2
- Australia is the largest country by area in Oceania and the world's sixth-largest country. (wikipedia.org)
- Oceania/Australia: Label Me! (enchantedlearning.com)
Tasmania2
- Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands. (wikipedia.org)
- On October 2, 1916 , during World War I, Tasmania became the 1st state in Australia to use DST. (timeanddate.com)
20212
- Basketball Australia makes high-level appointment and renews partnership with Japan Duncan Mackay (Inside the Games), 27 April 2021. (wikipedia.org)
- FILE- Bayswater Power Station, a coal-powered thermal power station near Muswellbrook in the Hunter Valley, Australia, Nov. 2, 2021. (voanews.com)
Commonwealth of Austra1
- Democratic parliaments were gradually established through the 19th century, culminating with a vote for the federation of the six colonies and foundation of the Commonwealth of Australia on 1 January 1901. (wikipedia.org)
202212
- Aussie state reports highest daily COVID-19 cases ahead of border reopening People's Daily 28 Feb 2022 -- The state of Western Australia (WA) recorded its highest number of COVID-19 cases on Monday, while the state prepares to reopen its border. (globalsecurity.org)
- Protesters in Australia Condemn Russia's Invasion of Ukraine VOA 25 Feb 2022 -- Hundreds of Australians of Ukrainian descent joined those with Russian heritage to demonstrate against the Russian invasion of Ukraine in downtown Sydney on Friday. (globalsecurity.org)
- Cope North strengthens ties Australia DOD 25 Feb 2022 -- Enhancing Australian, Japanese and United States relationships was a key outcome of Exercise Cope North 2022, which concluded on February 18. (globalsecurity.org)
- Integrated flying at its finest Australia DOD 24 Feb 2022 -- Combat and airspace battle management aircraft ruled the skies over Guam during Exercise Cope North 22, executing multinational missions. (globalsecurity.org)
- Readout: Australia, Japan, U.S. Trilateral Engagement US Navy 23 Feb 2022 -- U.S. Pacific Fleet Commander Adm. (globalsecurity.org)
- New contract for fast-jet training aircraft Australia DOD 23 Feb 2022 -- Minister for Defence Peter Dutton announced on February 21 that the Australian Government has committed $1.5 billion to upgrade and extend in-service support for the Royal Australian Air Force's Hawk 127 Lead-In Fighter Training System, based in the Hunter region and Perth. (globalsecurity.org)
- Release of the Combined Space Operations Vision 2031 statement Australia DOD 23 Feb 2022 -- Senior Defence officials from Australia, Canada, France, Germany, New Zealand, the UK, and the USA, have come together to release the Combined Space Operations (CSpO) Vision 2031 statement. (globalsecurity.org)
- DoD and Partners Release Combined Space Operations Vision 2031 DoD 22 Feb 2022 -- The United States joins Australia, Canada, France, Germany, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom in the joint release of the "Combined Space Operations (CSpO) Vision 2031" today. (globalsecurity.org)
- Australia - LAIRCM Line Replaceable Units (LRUs) DSCA 22 Feb 2022 -- The State Department has made a determination approving a possible Foreign Military Sale to the Government of Australia of LAIRCM Line Replaceable Units (LRUs) and related equipment for an estimated cost of $122 million. (globalsecurity.org)
- Australia, China trade accusations over laser use against aircraft Radio Free Asia 22 Feb 2022 -- A war of words between Australia and China intensified Tuesday as Canberra accused Beijing of violating international law when a Chinese navy ship allegedly pointed a laser at an Australian surveillance airplane. (globalsecurity.org)
- Australia Reopens Borders to International Tourists as Strict COVID-19 Controls Relaxed VOA 21 Feb 2022 -- Australia Monday reopened its borders to double vaccinated international tourists. (globalsecurity.org)
- Darwin maintenance centre plan progresses Australia DOD 21 Feb 2022 -- Prime Minister Scott Morrison on February 18 announced the release of a tender for an industry partner to head a new Navy regional maintenance centre in Darwin. (globalsecurity.org)
Lymphoma and chronic lymphocy2
- Lymphoma Australia is the only incorporated charity in Australia dedicated to solely providing education, support, awareness and advocacy initiatives for Australians touched by lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). (lymphoma.org.au)
- Lymphoma Australia ndi bungwe lokhalo lophatikizidwa ku Australia lodzipereka popereka maphunziro, chithandizo, chidziwitso ndi njira zolimbikitsira anthu aku Australia omwe akhudzidwa ndi ma lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). (lymphoma.org.au)
Centre3
- Basketball Australia operates the Women's National Basketball League (WNBL) and the Centre of Excellence at the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS) in Canberra. (wikipedia.org)
- Ulrike Klein in South Australia is one, she's developed the Ukaria Cultural Centre, which is a beautiful performance space for music. (forbes.com)
- Dell Australia Pty Limited (ABN 46 003 855 561) is located at Level 1-5, Tower A, Zenith Centre, 821-843 Pacific Highway, Chatswood, NSW 2067, Australia. (dell.com)
World's2
- Australia is a regional power, and has the world's thirteenth-highest military expenditure. (wikipedia.org)
- Australia has the world's highest use of solar power. (voanews.com)
20171
- This post summarises the developments in the Australia - Plain Packaging WTO cases up to 3 October 2017. (who.int)
Canberra1
- The capital of Australia is Canberra. (enchantedlearning.com)
20201
- Spring 2020 was the warmest on record for Australia, coming in with a mean temperature 2.03 °C above average, well above the previous record (+1.81 °C in 2014). (bom.gov.au)
Zealand1
- The 1891 Constitutional Convention was held in Sydney in March 1891 to consider a draft Frame of Government for the proposed federation of the British colonies in Australia and New Zealand . (wikipedia.org)
Globally2
- Australia has a highly developed market economy and one of the highest per capita incomes globally. (wikipedia.org)
- Deloitte recognises the importance of agriculture, economically and as a critical resource for a growing global population, in Australia and globally. (deloitte.com)
20162
- Prompted by the South Australia system-wide blackout of September 2016 and the subsequent Finkel Review, the government is implementing reforms to secure supplies, including a retailer reliability obligation, system operation adjustments, planning requirements, and post-2025 market designs to integrate higher levels of variable renewables. (iea.org)
- The Raoul Wallenberg Institute will host a lecture on the human rights implications of the bilateral resettlement agreement between Cambodia and Australia on Thursday 22 September 2016. (lu.se)
Charity in Australia dedicated1
- The only charity in Australia dedicated to providing free support for lymphoma patients. (lymphoma.org.au)
Constitutional monarchy1
- Australia is a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy, comprising six states and ten territories. (wikipedia.org)
20001
- World Peace 2000 (Australia), sharing our. (idealist.org)
Main1
- The Greens have insisted that Australia must soon take more decisive action, insisting that coal and gas "are the main causes of the climate crisis. (voanews.com)
Western Australia3
- [3] The delegates of Western Australia were chosen by its parliament. (wikipedia.org)
- A number of stations in Western Australia observed record-warm September daily maximum or daily minimum temperatures during the first half of the month. (bom.gov.au)
- Western Australia conducted a DST trial from 2006 to 2009 , but it was abandoned for its unpopularity. (timeanddate.com)
SYDNEY2
- In 1770, the British explorer James Cook mapped and claimed the east coast of Australia for Great Britain, and the First Fleet of British ships arrived at Sydney in 1788 to establish the penal colony of New South Wales. (wikipedia.org)
- The WHO Representative Office in the South Pacific was established on 13 June 1956 in Sydney, Australia before it was transferred to Suva, Fiji in 1965. (who.int)
India5
- By distancing Australia from the 'new world', Menzies (who would later confess that Occidentals did not understand India) alienated Indians, offended Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru and left Australia unsure, for decades, about its Asian identity. (indiatimes.com)
- When asked why Australia had agreed to export uranium to India (a non-NPT signatory country), Abbott was unequivocal in his statement: "We trust you! (indiatimes.com)
- Unfortunately, for most of the 20th century, India and Australia rarely had a meaningful conversation. (indiatimes.com)
- Even three years ago when - disgusted with the politics of the higher education sector in India - i decided to be the inaugural director of the Australia India Institute at Melbourne, it was seen as a giant leap of faith. (indiatimes.com)
- Today there are few countries in the Indo-Pacific which share so much in common in both values and interest than India and Australia, and this is reflected in the 36-para joint statement. (indiatimes.com)
Indonesia7
- But Indonesia has resisted suggestions that Australia would tow boats carrying asylum seekers back into its waters. (voanews.com)
- The questions of asylum seekers and boats arriving in Australia is a very big issue in Australian domestic politics, but it's not in Indonesia because Indonesia is a transit country. (voanews.com)
- What they have in common is that neither country wants asylum seekers, but for Indonesia dealing with them means letting them go to Australia. (voanews.com)
- It is not fair if it is only Indonesia and Australia that must deal with the problem. (voanews.com)
- During a breakfast meeting with business leaders, Prime Minister Rudd called on Indonesia to lower trade barriers, and talked about how both countries could benefit by cooperating more on beef, a key industry for Australia. (voanews.com)
- Prime Minister Rudd said Australia could also provide Indonesia with genetic technology to help the country grow its cattle herd. (voanews.com)
- The Australian Award Fellowship was a platform for delegates from Egypt, Australia, Indonesia and China to exchange ideas and experience related to hepatitis C control and prevention. (who.int)
Chronic lymphocy1
- Lymphoma Australia ndiyo yega yakabatanidzwa rudo muAustralia yakazvipira kupa chete dzidzo, rutsigiro, ruzivo uye kusimudzira zvirongwa zvevaAustralia vanobatwa nelymphoma uye chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). (lymphoma.org.au)
South Australia1
- Gulu ili ndi gulu lokhazikitsidwa ndi boma la omwe ali ndi lymphoma ku South Australia. (lymphoma.org.au)
19961
- The Basketball Australia trading name was registered in 1996. (wikipedia.org)
Climate7
- Once seen as an international environmental laggard, Australia on Thursday enacted its most significant climate law in a decade. (voanews.com)
- Australia is already experiencing climate change losses and damages. (lu.se)
- Drawing on a climate ethnography in regional Australia, I ask how do resilience discourses and interventions influence vulnerability to climate change in regional Australia? (lu.se)
- I argue that climate resilience governmentality is a form of governmental gaslighting because it denies the lived experiences of precarity, insecurity and structural violence throughout regional Australia. (lu.se)
- article{24bccc53-132f-44cf-9009-e710399cd35f, abstract = {{Australia is already experiencing climate change losses and damages. (lu.se)
- I contribute to an emerging politics of loss through an empirical analysis of temporalities of climate change loss and damage in Australia. (lu.se)
- I consider the social, cultural, psychological, and political determinants of such temporalities and the implications for climate politics in Australia. (lu.se)
Continent5
- Australia is the oldest, flattest, and driest inhabited continent, with the least fertile soils. (wikipedia.org)
- The name Australia (pronounced /əˈstreɪliə/ in Australian English) is derived from the Latin Terra Australis ("southern land"), a name used for a hypothetical continent in the Southern Hemisphere since ancient times. (wikipedia.org)
- Australia is a continent, a country and an island. (enchantedlearning.com)
- The season closed with a significant heatwave affecting much of south-eastern and eastern Australia at the end of November when very warm air was pushed from the middle of the continent by frontal systems combined with a heat trough over inland Australia. (bom.gov.au)
- The Lake Eyre Basin in the interior of Australia is among the driest places on the continent. (nasa.gov)
Defence1
- Under Defence project JP9102, Lockheed Martin Australia - Space is poised to deliver a sovereign military satellite communications system to the ADF. (lockheedmartin.com)
Aboard1
- Each year thousands of asylum seekers make their way to Australia aboard overcrowded, rickety boats that often sink. (voanews.com)
Continents1
- There are pages on the Solar System, the continents, Australia (states and territories), and the student's address. (enchantedlearning.com)
Refugees1
- When Rudd met the Indonesian president on Friday, an Australia-bound boat carrying as many as 80 refugees was floating in distress in the seas south of Java. (voanews.com)
Country's2
- Starting July 1, many of Australia biggest polluters -- more than 200 mines, refineries and other operations -- will be required to cut emissions by 5% each year under a new law passed Thursday by the country's Parliament. (voanews.com)
- That's why TNC Australia is embarking on the country's largest-ever marine restoration initiative. (nature.org)
Federation3
- The Volleyball Australia, formerly known as Australian Volleyball Federation, is the national governing body for volleyball in Australia. (wikipedia.org)
- In 1939, the National Federation of Basketball was formed, which later became known as the Amateur Basketball Union of Australia. (wikipedia.org)
- In 1949, Australia became the fifty-second affiliated member of the International Basketball Federation (FIBA). (wikipedia.org)
Territories1
- When Europeans began visiting and mapping Australia in the 17th century, the name Terra Australis was naturally applied to the new territories. (wikipedia.org)
Implications1
- What are the Human Rights Implications of the Cambodia-Australia Resettlement Deal? (lu.se)
Country4
- I had not visited Australia before and had little knowledge of the country. (indiatimes.com)
- Take just one example: The Economist Intelligence Unit recently voted Australia, after Switzerland, the best country to be born, based on a variety of factors that include access to quality health and education, level of crime, gender equality, resources and political freedom. (indiatimes.com)
- You may not be able to name a single gallery in Australia, but the country is in the middle of a cultural boom. (forbes.com)
- The WHO country office Egypt collaborated with the Burnet Institute in Australia to support a study tour for 5 officials from various departments in the Ministry of Health and Population. (who.int)
International4
- It is recognised by FIBA as the national body organising international basketball in Australia. (wikipedia.org)
- Mobile banking in Australia is now more common than online banking, says international survey. (theage.com.au)
- Australia, one of the WHO founders, participated in the International Health Conference in 1946, which resutled in the drafting of the WHO constitution, turning over the functions of the Office International d'Hygiene Publique (OIHP) to WHO and setting up of an Interim Commision to prepare for the First World Health Assembly. (who.int)
- Her currents papers are on the acceptance of the international criminal justice in Cambodia as part of her fellowship at the International Nuremberg Principle Academy, and a paper on Australia and Cambodia's refugee agreement. (lu.se)
Territory2
- Overview of Uluru/Ayers Rock, Northern Territory, Australia. (britannica.com)
- An outline map of Australia (with state and territory lines marked) to print. (enchantedlearning.com)
English1
- Please note: Lymphoma Australia staff are only able to reply to emails sent in English language. (lymphoma.org.au)
Crisis1
- Learn about the water management crisis in Australia. (britannica.com)
Unusual1
- A book about Australia for fluent readers with pages on the map, flag, language, people, the Great Coral Reef, and unusual animals. (enchantedlearning.com)
Countries2
- This is roughly in step with goals set by the United Nations, and it brings Australia more into line with other countries after what Albanese said was a wasted decade under the previous conservative Australian government. (voanews.com)
- The findings were based on surveys of 83,000 consumers from 22 countries, including 2700 people in Australia. (theage.com.au)
Flood1
- Stemming the flood of asylum seekers into Australia has been at the heart of recent debates there and is seen as a key issue in elections scheduled for September. (voanews.com)
Decades1
- After six decades characterized by misperception, lack of trust, neglect, missed opportunities and even hostility, a new chapter in India's relations with Australia has well and truly begun. (indiatimes.com)
Nations1
- Indeed, even after the white Australia policy became history and Australia became one of the most multicultural of nations, opinion surveys reveal most Indians are unaware of this fundamental change. (indiatimes.com)
State1
- Australia is a nanny state. (smh.com.au)
Time7
- The first time that Australia appears to have been officially used was in April 1817, when Governor Lachlan Macquarie acknowledged the receipt of Flinders' charts of Australia from Lord Bathurst. (wikipedia.org)
- Time-lapse video of the Blue Mountains, New South Wales, Australia. (britannica.com)
- At the same time as formally ending the white Australia policy, Whitlam reaffirmed the former Liberal government's ties with Indonesia's dictatorial Suharto regime and actively encouraged Indonesia's invasion of East Timor in 1975. (angelfire.com)
- Australia first observed Daylight Saving Time in 1916 . (timeanddate.com)
- If you supply us with your personal information via a website owned and operated by FUJIFILM Australia, you may utilise a function on that website to "opt out" from receiving that additional information at the time you supply us with your personal information via that website. (fujifilm.com)
- Australia is leading the world in adopting mobile banking, and at the same time taking the unnecessary interactions out of the branches,' Mr du Toit said. (theage.com.au)
- Vaccine introduction status in Australia over time. (who.int)
World2
- Protecting and restoring shellfish reefs will make Australia the first nation in the world to recover a critically endangered marine ecosystem. (nature.org)
- Through the Naomi Milgrom Foundation, she supports art, design and cultural projects in Australia and around the world. (forbes.com)