Aurothioglucose
Auranofin
An oral chrysotherapeutic agent for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Its exact mechanism of action is unknown, but it is believed to act via immunological mechanisms and alteration of lysosomal enzyme activity. Its efficacy is slightly less than that of injected gold salts, but it is better tolerated, and side effects which occur are potentially less serious.
Anti-rheumatic compound aurothioglucose inhibits tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced HIV-1 replication in latently infected OM10.1 and Ach2 cells. (1/74)
NF-kappaB is a potent cellular activator of HIV-1 gene expression. Down-regulation of NF-kappaB activation is known to inhibit HIV replication from the latently infected cells. Gold compounds have been effectively used for many decades in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. We previously reported that gold compounds, especially aurothioglucose (AuTG) containing monovalent gold ion, inhibited the DNA-binding of NF-kappaB in vitro. In this report we have examined the efficacy of the gold compound AuTG as an inhibitor of HIV replication in latently infected OM10.1 and Ach2 cells. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-induced HIV-1 replication in OM10.1 or Ach2 cells was significantly inhibited by non-cytotoxic doses of AuTG (>10 microM in OM10.1 cells and >25 F.M in Ach2 cells), while 25 microM of the counter-anion thioglucose (TG) or gold compound containing divalent gold ion, HAuCl3, had no effect. The effect of AuTG on NF-kappaB-dependent gene expression was confirmed by a transient CAT assay. Specific staining as well as electron microscopic examinations revealed the accumulation of metal gold in the cells, supporting our previous hypothesis that gold ions could block NF-kappaB-DNA binding by a redox mechanism. These observations indicate that the monovalent gold compound AuTG is a potentially useful drug for the treatment of patients infected with HIV. (+info)Inhibition of IL-6 and IL-8 induction from cultured rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts by treatment with aurothioglucose. (2/74)
Gold compounds have long been used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, their actions in RA have not been clarified. In this study, we examined the effect of one of the monovalent gold compounds, aurothioglucose (AuTG), on the IL-1-induced production of IL-6, IL-8 and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) from rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts (RSF) isolated from three RA patients. IL-6 and IL-8 induction but not GM-CSF induction was inhibited in most of the RSF after pretreatment with AuTG. Since gene expression of these cytokines is known to be under the control of a common transcription factor, NF-kappaB, the effect of AuTG on the cellular localization of NF-kappaB (p65 subunit) and on NF-kappaB-DNA binding was examined. Although AuTG treatment did not prevent NF-kappaB nuclear translocation, AuTG blocked the DNA-binding activity of NF-kappaB when examined in vitro. Morphologically, both metal-specific cell staining using p-dimethylaminobenzylidene rhodamine and transmission electron microscopic examinations demonstrated the accumulation of metal gold in the cytoplama and some organella (mitochondria and lysosomes) of the AuTG-treated RSF. These results indicate that one of the anti-rheumatic actions of AuTG might be through its inhibitory action on NF-kappaB. (+info)The effect of goldthioglucose on peroxidative processes in mice. (3/74)
Experiments were conducted to study the effect of goldthioglucose (GTG) upon the processes associated with lipid peroxidation. The glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity (G6PD; E.C. 1. 1.1.49) in red blood cells (RBC) and the amount of malonaldehyde precursors (MDA) per gram of brain, liver and kidney were determined. Adult mice received i.p. injections for three consecutive days of either saline (controls) or GTG dissolved in saline, in a dose of 0.10 mg.g(-1) or 0. 15 mg.g(-1) b.w. In mice receiving higher dose of GTG the G6PD activity was significantly increased (349.38+/-17.46 mU.10(-9) RBC compared to 258.2+/-14.46 mU.10(-9) RBC in control animals). The content of MDA precursors rose significantly from 4.8+/-0.81 micromol.g(-1) of the liver in controls to 8.12+/-1.41 micromol.g(-1) and 7.88+/-0.51 micromol.g(-1) and from 18.71+/-1.01 micromol.g(-1) of the kidneys in controls to 24.25+/-1.25 micromol.g(-1) and 24.88+/-1.7 micromol.g(-1) respectively. The GTG-induced higher levels of MDA precursors and increased G6PD activity in RBC corresponds to the rise in lipid peroxidation and its participation in producing the lesions after experimental and therapeutic use of gold-containing substances seems possible. (+info)Leptin has acute effects on glucose and lipid metabolism in both lean and gold thioglucose-obese mice. (4/74)
Leptin is reported to have effects in peripheral tissues that are independent of its central effects on food intake and body weight. In this study, the acute effects of a single dose of recombinant mouse leptin on lipid and glucose metabolism in lean and gold thioglucose-injected obese mice were examined. Changes were measured 2 h after leptin injection. In lean mice, liver and white adipose tissue (WAT) lipogenesis was inhibited. The activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHCa), the rate-determining step for glucose oxidation, was reduced in heart, liver, quadriceps muscle, and both brown and white adipose tissues. Muscle and liver glycogen and liver triglyceride (TG) content was unchanged, but muscle TG was decreased. In obese mice, liver and WAT lipogenesis was inhibited and PDHCa reduced in heart and quadriceps muscle. Muscle and liver glycogen was decreased but not TG. Serum insulin was reduced in obese but not lean mice. These results are consistent with a role for leptin in the maintenance of steady-state energy stores by decreasing lipid synthesis and increasing fat mobilization, with decreased glucose oxidation occurring as a result of increased fatty acid oxidation. (+info)Aggressive treatment in early rheumatoid arthritis: a randomised controlled trial. On behalf of the Rheumatic Research Foundation Utrecht, The Netherlands. (5/74)
OBJECTIVES: To compare three therapeutic strategies using slow acting antirheumatic drugs (SAARDs) in early rheumatoid arthritis (RA), for their disease modifying properties, toxicity, and lag time until treatment effect. METHODS: Patients with recent onset RA from six hospitals were randomly assigned to immediate initiation of one of three treatment strategies: (I) a "mild SAARD with a long lag time" (hydroxychloroquine, if necessary replaced by auranofin); (II) a "potent SAARD with a long lag time" (intramuscular gold, if necessary replaced by D-penicillamine); (III) a "potent SAARD with a short lag time" (methotrexate, if necessary replaced by sulfasalazine). Comparisons included two years of follow up. RESULTS: All SAARD strategies reduced mean disease activity. A greater percentage of patients improved clinically with strategies II and III than with strategy I: percentages of patients improved on joint score with strategies II and III (79% and 82%, respectively), which was statistically different from strategy I (66%). The same was true for remission percentages: 31% and 24% v 16%, respectively). Longitudinal analysis showed significantly less disability with strategy III, and a lower erythrocyte sedimentation rate with strategy II than with strategy I. In addition, radiological damage after one and two years, was significantly lower in strategies II and III (at two years median scores were 11 and 10 v 14 in strategy I, p<0.05). Toxicity was increased in strategy II compared with the other strategies. CONCLUSION: Strategy III, comprising methotrexate or sulfasalazine, produced the best results weighing effectiveness and toxicity. Strategy I (hydroxychloroquine or auranofin) was slightly less effective, and strategy II (intramuscular gold or D-penicillamine) was associated with increased toxicity. (+info)Accumulation of gold in various organs of mice injected with gold thioglucose. (6/74)
The response of either male or female mice to the administration of gold thioglucose (GTG) was observed in food intake, in body and organ weights, and in gold accumulation in respective organs. Male mice were more sensitive to GTG toxicity than females. During 103 days after GTG administration, the adipose tissues of the females and males increased in weight 15 times and 2.5 times as high as those of control mice, respectively. The weights of heart, lung, and brain were not affected by GTG administration. In the respective organs, gold concentrations, which were determined by neutron activation analysis, were high in liver, kidney, spleen, adrenal, and adipose tissue (especially in female) within a shorter time after the GTG injection. In various organs of nonobese mice, the concentrations of GTG were significantly less than those in the typical obese mice. Even after more than 100 days after injection, gold was detected in the respective organs. In the control mice without any GTG administration, no gold could be detected. (+info)Apoprotein C-III deficiency markedly stimulates triglyceride secretion in vivo: comparison with apoprotein E. (7/74)
Apoprotein (apo) C-III plays an important role in the development of hypertriglyceridemia by inhibiting triglyceride (TG) removal. However, the effect of apo C-III on TG production remains unclear. We measured TG secretion rate (TGSR) in apo C-III gene-disrupted (apo C-III-null) mice to investigate the influence of this protein on TG turnover. TGSR measured by the Triton WR-1339 method was increased twofold in these mice compared with wild-type (WT) mice. Obesity was induced by the injection of gold-thioglucose (GTG), which made the WT mice hypertriglyceridemic due to a threefold increase of TGSR. However, GTG-induced obesity failed to increase TG in apo C-III-null mice, although TGSR was increased 10-fold, suggesting substantial stimulation of TG removal. Apo E-null mice were severely hypercholesterolemic but were not hypertriglyceridemic, and TGSR was rather decreased. GTG-induced obesity made these mice hypertriglyceridemic because of TG overproduction to an extent similar to that seen in WT mice. These results suggest that apo C-III deficiency potently enhances TG turnover, especially when TG production is stimulated, and that apo E deficiency is not always rate limiting for TG production. (+info)A novel, enzymatically active conformation of the Escherichia coli NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I). (8/74)
Electron microscopy has demonstrated the unusual L-shaped structure of the respiratory complex I consisting of two arms, which are arranged perpendicular to each other. We found that the Escherichia coli complex I has an additional stable conformation, with the two arms arranged side by side, resulting in a horseshoe-shaped structure. The structure of both conformations was determined by means of electron microscopy of gold thioglucose-stained single particles. They were distinguished from each other by titration of the complex with polyethylene glycol and by means of analytical ultracentrifugation. The transition between the two conformations is induced by the ionic strength of the buffer and is reversible. Only the horseshoe-shaped complex I exhibits enzyme activity in detergent solution, which is abolished by the addition of salt. Therefore, it is proposed that this structure is the native conformation of the complex in the membrane. (+info)
Aurothioglucose
In 2001, aurothioglucose was withdrawn from the Dutch market, where it had been the only injectable gold preparation available ... Aurothioglucose, also known as gold thioglucose, is a chemical compound with the formula AuSC6H11O5. This derivative of the ... Media related to Aurothioglucose at Wikimedia Commons (Articles with short description, Short description is different from ... Aurothioglucose has an interaction with the antimalarial medication hydroxychloroquine. Auranofin Shaw, III C. F. (1999). "Gold ...
Gold-containing drugs
"Aurothioglucose Suspension adverse effects". Health Digest. "Gold sodium thiomalate (gold)". Archived from the original on 28 ... Beck RK (2002). "Auranofin and Aurothioglucose side effects & overdose". Drug Reference for EMS Providers. pp. 164-165. " ... "Aurothioglucose is a gold salt used in treating inflammatory arthritis". MedicineNet.com "About gold treatment: What is it? ... Aurothioglucose (Gold thioglucose) (US) Shaw CF (September 1999). "Gold-based therapeutic agents". Chemical Reviews. 99 (9): ...
Disodium aurothiomalate
The structure of the related drug Aurothioglucose is also polymeric with two-coordinate gold(I) centers. In such compounds, the ... Auranofin Aurothioglucose Gold salts Sodium aurothiomalate Shaw III CF (September 1999). "Gold-based therapeutic agents". ...
Gold
... aurothioglucose, and auranofin. Both gold(I) and gold(III) compounds have been investigated as possible anti-cancer drugs. For ...
Hydroxychloroquine
Care should be taken if combined with medication altering liver function as well as aurothioglucose (Solganal), cimetidine ( ...
Sodium aurothiomalate
It was recently discontinued from the US market along with aurothioglucose leaving only auranofin as the only gold salt on the ...
ATC code M01
M01CA03 Oxycinchophen M01CB01 Sodium aurothiomalate M01CB02 Sodium aurothiosulfate M01CB03 Auranofin M01CB04 Aurothioglucose ...
Jacques Forestier
Historically, injectable gold salts such as gold sodium thiomalate and aurothioglucose were considered by many to be the most ...
List of MeSH codes (D02)
... aurothioglucose MeSH D02.691.675.249.150 - auranofin MeSH D02.691.675.500 - gold sodium thiomalate MeSH D02.691.750.100 - ...
IARC group 3
Anthanthrene Anthracene Anthranilic acid Antimony trisulfide Apholate para-Aramid fibrils Atrazine Aurothioglucose (Auranofin) ...
Ganciclovir: MedlinePlus Drug Information
National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, 1994
MESH TREE NUMBER CHANGES - 2012 MeSH. August 19, 2011
DeCS
Aurothioglucose, beta D Isomer beta-D Isomer Aurothioglucose Aurothioglucose, Sodium Salt, beta-D Isomer - Narrower Concept UI ... Aurothioglucose Entry term(s):. Aureotan. Auromyose. Aurothioglucose, Sodium Salt, beta-D Isomer. Aurothioglucose, beta D ... use AUROTHIOGLUCOSE to search GOLD THIOGLUCOSE 1979-90; use GOLD to search AUROTHIOGLUCOSE 1973-74 (as Prov). ... Aurothioglucose - Preferred Concept UI. M0009526. Scope note. A thioglucose derivative used as an antirheumatic and ...
2023 Drugs Underdosing ICD-10-CM Codes
Pesquisa | Prevenção e Controle de Câncer
Zakat Gold | Gold Health | RAZA Gold Store
"chid","chnm","casrn","code","clib","iarc","final color","iarc...
MESH TREE NUMBER CHANGES - 2012 MeSH. August 19, 2011
MESH TREE NUMBER CHANGES - 2012 MeSH. August 19, 2011
2SrRNA-Ψ:CR45850 [FBgn0267510] | Virtual Fly Brain
DNA sequence [GENO 0000720] | Virtual Fly Brain
Hepatotoxicity with aurothioglucose therapy - PubMed
Hepatotoxicity with aurothioglucose therapy - PubMed
Immunoglobulin A Deficiency Clinical Presentation: History, Physical, Causes
Erythroderma (Generalized Exfoliative Dermatitis) Workup: Laboratory Studies, Imaging Studies, Other Tests
Exfoliative dermatitis (ED) is a definitive term that refers to a scaling erythematous dermatitis involving 90% or more of the cutaneous surface. Exfoliative dermatitis is characterized by erythema and scaling involving the skins surface and often obscures the primary lesions that are important clues to understanding the evolution of the dis...
Table 2 - Analysis of MarketScan Data for Immunosuppressive Conditions and Hospitalizations for Acute Respiratory Illness,...
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above. ...
MedlinePlus - Search Results for: AURANOFIN
Erythroderma (Generalized Exfoliative Dermatitis): Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology
Exfoliative dermatitis (ED) is a definitive term that refers to a scaling erythematous dermatitis involving 90% or more of the cutaneous surface. Exfoliative dermatitis is characterized by erythema and scaling involving the skins surface and often obscures the primary lesions that are important clues to understanding the evolution of the dis...
Betaxolol Hydrochloride|N0000004400
Biomarkers Search
Exposure to Silver Nanoparticles Inhibits Selenoprotein Synthesis and the Activity of Thioredoxin Reductase | Environmental...
CASRN Chemical Name DTXSID Original SMILES Original InChIKey QSAR READY SMILES Response List Source
Table 2 - Analysis of MarketScan Data for Immunosuppressive Conditions and Hospitalizations for Acute Respiratory Illness,...
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MeSH Browser
Aurothioglucose, beta-D Isomer Narrower Concept UI. M0330217. Registry Number. 74610-70-1. Terms. Aurothioglucose, beta-D ... Aurothioglucose, Sodium Salt, beta-D Isomer Narrower Concept UI. M0330218. Registry Number. 82475-04-5. Terms. Aurothioglucose ... Aurothioglucose, Sodium Salt, beta-D Isomer Aurothioglucose, beta-D Isomer Gold Thioglucose Gold-50 Solganal Solganal B Oleosum ... use AUROTHIOGLUCOSE to search GOLD THIOGLUCOSE 1979-90; use GOLD to search AUROTHIOGLUCOSE 1973-74 (as Prov). History Note. 91( ...
MeSH Browser
Aurothioglucose, beta-D Isomer Narrower Concept UI. M0330217. Registry Number. 74610-70-1. Terms. Aurothioglucose, beta-D ... Aurothioglucose, Sodium Salt, beta-D Isomer Narrower Concept UI. M0330218. Registry Number. 82475-04-5. Terms. Aurothioglucose ... Aurothioglucose, Sodium Salt, beta-D Isomer Aurothioglucose, beta-D Isomer Gold Thioglucose Gold-50 Solganal Solganal B Oleosum ... use AUROTHIOGLUCOSE to search GOLD THIOGLUCOSE 1979-90; use GOLD to search AUROTHIOGLUCOSE 1973-74 (as Prov). History Note. 91( ...
Code System Concept
Product containing aurothioglucose Current Synonym true false 3713346016 Aurothioglucose-containing product Current Synonym ... Product containing aurothioglucose (medicinal product). Code System Preferred Concept Name. Product containing aurothioglucose ... Product containing aurothioglucose (medicinal product) {768512005 , SNOMED-CT } Parent/Child (Relationship Type) Product ... Product containing only aurothioglucose (medicinal product) {774704007 , SNOMED-CT } ...
Erythroderma (Generalized Exfoliative Dermatitis): Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology
Exfoliative dermatitis (ED) is a definitive term that refers to a scaling erythematous dermatitis involving 90% or more of the cutaneous surface. Exfoliative dermatitis is characterized by erythema and scaling involving the skins surface and often obscures the primary lesions that are important clues to understanding the evolution of the dis...
E0000163|Adriamycin|doxorubicin
c33c
ABORTIFACIENT AGENTS ABORTIFACIENT AGENTS
GOLD AUROTHIOGLUCOSE ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, GOLD GOLD SODIUM THIOMALATE ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, GOLD GOLD SODIUM THIOSULFATE ... ANTIRHEUMATIC AUROTHIOGLUCOSE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS, ANTIRHEUMATIC AUTACOIDS ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS, ANTIRHEUMATIC ... ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS AUROTHIOGLUCOSE ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS AZATHIOPRINE ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS BECLOMETHASONE ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS ...
MESH TREE NUMBER CHANGES - 2012 MeSH. August 19, 2011
MESH TREE NUMBER CHANGES - 2012 MeSH. August 19, 2011
Auranofin1
- 44] Several gold complexes have been applied to treat rheumatoid arthritis, the most frequently used being aurothiomalate, aurothioglucose, and auranofin. (razajewellers.pk)