Aurothioglucose
Auranofin
An oral chrysotherapeutic agent for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Its exact mechanism of action is unknown, but it is believed to act via immunological mechanisms and alteration of lysosomal enzyme activity. Its efficacy is slightly less than that of injected gold salts, but it is better tolerated, and side effects which occur are potentially less serious.
Thioredoxin-Disulfide Reductase
Sesame Oil
The refined fixed oil obtained from the seed of one or more cultivated varieties of Sesamum indicum. It is used as a solvent and oleaginous vehicle for drugs and has been used internally as a laxative and externally as a skin softener. It is used also in the manufacture of margarine, soap, and cosmetics. (Dorland, 28th ed & Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)
Parabens
Preservatives, Pharmaceutical
Primaquine
An aminoquinoline that is given by mouth to produce a radical cure and prevent relapse of vivax and ovale malarias following treatment with a blood schizontocide. It has also been used to prevent transmission of falciparum malaria by those returning to areas where there is a potential for re-introduction of malaria. Adverse effects include anemias and GI disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeia, 30th ed, p404)
United States Food and Drug Administration
Drugs, Chinese Herbal
Universal Precautions
Penicillamine
Vitamins
Erythema Multiforme
Protective Devices
Dental Devices, Home Care
Iron
Gold Sodium Thiomalate
A variable mixture of the mono- and disodium salts of gold thiomalic acid used mainly for its anti-inflammatory action in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. It is most effective in active progressive rheumatoid arthritis and of little or no value in the presence of extensive deformities or in the treatment of other forms of arthritis.
Gold
Gold Sodium Thiosulfate
Organogold Compounds
Emulsions
Colloids formed by the combination of two immiscible liquids such as oil and water. Lipid-in-water emulsions are usually liquid, like milk or lotion. Water-in-lipid emulsions tend to be creams. The formation of emulsions may be aided by amphiphatic molecules that surround one component of the system to form MICELLES.
Oils
Unctuous combustible substances that are liquid or easily liquefiable on warming, and are soluble in ether but insoluble in water. Such substances, depending on their origin, are classified as animal, mineral, or vegetable oils. Depending on their behavior on heating, they are volatile or fixed. (Dorland, 28th ed)
Flammulina
Surface-Active Agents
Solubility
Water
Selenium
Selenious Acid
Glutathione Peroxidase
Organoselenium Compounds
Selenoprotein P
Selenoproteins
Dapsone
A sulfone active against a wide range of bacteria but mainly employed for its actions against MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE. Its mechanism of action is probably similar to that of the SULFONAMIDES which involves inhibition of folic acid synthesis in susceptible organisms. It is also used with PYRIMETHAMINE in the treatment of malaria. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p157-8)
Azathioprine
Tacrolimus
Cyclosporine
Warfarin
An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.
Anti-rheumatic compound aurothioglucose inhibits tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced HIV-1 replication in latently infected OM10.1 and Ach2 cells. (1/74)
NF-kappaB is a potent cellular activator of HIV-1 gene expression. Down-regulation of NF-kappaB activation is known to inhibit HIV replication from the latently infected cells. Gold compounds have been effectively used for many decades in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. We previously reported that gold compounds, especially aurothioglucose (AuTG) containing monovalent gold ion, inhibited the DNA-binding of NF-kappaB in vitro. In this report we have examined the efficacy of the gold compound AuTG as an inhibitor of HIV replication in latently infected OM10.1 and Ach2 cells. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-induced HIV-1 replication in OM10.1 or Ach2 cells was significantly inhibited by non-cytotoxic doses of AuTG (>10 microM in OM10.1 cells and >25 F.M in Ach2 cells), while 25 microM of the counter-anion thioglucose (TG) or gold compound containing divalent gold ion, HAuCl3, had no effect. The effect of AuTG on NF-kappaB-dependent gene expression was confirmed by a transient CAT assay. Specific staining as well as electron microscopic examinations revealed the accumulation of metal gold in the cells, supporting our previous hypothesis that gold ions could block NF-kappaB-DNA binding by a redox mechanism. These observations indicate that the monovalent gold compound AuTG is a potentially useful drug for the treatment of patients infected with HIV. (+info)Inhibition of IL-6 and IL-8 induction from cultured rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts by treatment with aurothioglucose. (2/74)
Gold compounds have long been used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, their actions in RA have not been clarified. In this study, we examined the effect of one of the monovalent gold compounds, aurothioglucose (AuTG), on the IL-1-induced production of IL-6, IL-8 and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) from rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts (RSF) isolated from three RA patients. IL-6 and IL-8 induction but not GM-CSF induction was inhibited in most of the RSF after pretreatment with AuTG. Since gene expression of these cytokines is known to be under the control of a common transcription factor, NF-kappaB, the effect of AuTG on the cellular localization of NF-kappaB (p65 subunit) and on NF-kappaB-DNA binding was examined. Although AuTG treatment did not prevent NF-kappaB nuclear translocation, AuTG blocked the DNA-binding activity of NF-kappaB when examined in vitro. Morphologically, both metal-specific cell staining using p-dimethylaminobenzylidene rhodamine and transmission electron microscopic examinations demonstrated the accumulation of metal gold in the cytoplama and some organella (mitochondria and lysosomes) of the AuTG-treated RSF. These results indicate that one of the anti-rheumatic actions of AuTG might be through its inhibitory action on NF-kappaB. (+info)The effect of goldthioglucose on peroxidative processes in mice. (3/74)
Experiments were conducted to study the effect of goldthioglucose (GTG) upon the processes associated with lipid peroxidation. The glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity (G6PD; E.C. 1. 1.1.49) in red blood cells (RBC) and the amount of malonaldehyde precursors (MDA) per gram of brain, liver and kidney were determined. Adult mice received i.p. injections for three consecutive days of either saline (controls) or GTG dissolved in saline, in a dose of 0.10 mg.g(-1) or 0. 15 mg.g(-1) b.w. In mice receiving higher dose of GTG the G6PD activity was significantly increased (349.38+/-17.46 mU.10(-9) RBC compared to 258.2+/-14.46 mU.10(-9) RBC in control animals). The content of MDA precursors rose significantly from 4.8+/-0.81 micromol.g(-1) of the liver in controls to 8.12+/-1.41 micromol.g(-1) and 7.88+/-0.51 micromol.g(-1) and from 18.71+/-1.01 micromol.g(-1) of the kidneys in controls to 24.25+/-1.25 micromol.g(-1) and 24.88+/-1.7 micromol.g(-1) respectively. The GTG-induced higher levels of MDA precursors and increased G6PD activity in RBC corresponds to the rise in lipid peroxidation and its participation in producing the lesions after experimental and therapeutic use of gold-containing substances seems possible. (+info)Leptin has acute effects on glucose and lipid metabolism in both lean and gold thioglucose-obese mice. (4/74)
Leptin is reported to have effects in peripheral tissues that are independent of its central effects on food intake and body weight. In this study, the acute effects of a single dose of recombinant mouse leptin on lipid and glucose metabolism in lean and gold thioglucose-injected obese mice were examined. Changes were measured 2 h after leptin injection. In lean mice, liver and white adipose tissue (WAT) lipogenesis was inhibited. The activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHCa), the rate-determining step for glucose oxidation, was reduced in heart, liver, quadriceps muscle, and both brown and white adipose tissues. Muscle and liver glycogen and liver triglyceride (TG) content was unchanged, but muscle TG was decreased. In obese mice, liver and WAT lipogenesis was inhibited and PDHCa reduced in heart and quadriceps muscle. Muscle and liver glycogen was decreased but not TG. Serum insulin was reduced in obese but not lean mice. These results are consistent with a role for leptin in the maintenance of steady-state energy stores by decreasing lipid synthesis and increasing fat mobilization, with decreased glucose oxidation occurring as a result of increased fatty acid oxidation. (+info)Aggressive treatment in early rheumatoid arthritis: a randomised controlled trial. On behalf of the Rheumatic Research Foundation Utrecht, The Netherlands. (5/74)
OBJECTIVES: To compare three therapeutic strategies using slow acting antirheumatic drugs (SAARDs) in early rheumatoid arthritis (RA), for their disease modifying properties, toxicity, and lag time until treatment effect. METHODS: Patients with recent onset RA from six hospitals were randomly assigned to immediate initiation of one of three treatment strategies: (I) a "mild SAARD with a long lag time" (hydroxychloroquine, if necessary replaced by auranofin); (II) a "potent SAARD with a long lag time" (intramuscular gold, if necessary replaced by D-penicillamine); (III) a "potent SAARD with a short lag time" (methotrexate, if necessary replaced by sulfasalazine). Comparisons included two years of follow up. RESULTS: All SAARD strategies reduced mean disease activity. A greater percentage of patients improved clinically with strategies II and III than with strategy I: percentages of patients improved on joint score with strategies II and III (79% and 82%, respectively), which was statistically different from strategy I (66%). The same was true for remission percentages: 31% and 24% v 16%, respectively). Longitudinal analysis showed significantly less disability with strategy III, and a lower erythrocyte sedimentation rate with strategy II than with strategy I. In addition, radiological damage after one and two years, was significantly lower in strategies II and III (at two years median scores were 11 and 10 v 14 in strategy I, p<0.05). Toxicity was increased in strategy II compared with the other strategies. CONCLUSION: Strategy III, comprising methotrexate or sulfasalazine, produced the best results weighing effectiveness and toxicity. Strategy I (hydroxychloroquine or auranofin) was slightly less effective, and strategy II (intramuscular gold or D-penicillamine) was associated with increased toxicity. (+info)Accumulation of gold in various organs of mice injected with gold thioglucose. (6/74)
The response of either male or female mice to the administration of gold thioglucose (GTG) was observed in food intake, in body and organ weights, and in gold accumulation in respective organs. Male mice were more sensitive to GTG toxicity than females. During 103 days after GTG administration, the adipose tissues of the females and males increased in weight 15 times and 2.5 times as high as those of control mice, respectively. The weights of heart, lung, and brain were not affected by GTG administration. In the respective organs, gold concentrations, which were determined by neutron activation analysis, were high in liver, kidney, spleen, adrenal, and adipose tissue (especially in female) within a shorter time after the GTG injection. In various organs of nonobese mice, the concentrations of GTG were significantly less than those in the typical obese mice. Even after more than 100 days after injection, gold was detected in the respective organs. In the control mice without any GTG administration, no gold could be detected. (+info)Apoprotein C-III deficiency markedly stimulates triglyceride secretion in vivo: comparison with apoprotein E. (7/74)
Apoprotein (apo) C-III plays an important role in the development of hypertriglyceridemia by inhibiting triglyceride (TG) removal. However, the effect of apo C-III on TG production remains unclear. We measured TG secretion rate (TGSR) in apo C-III gene-disrupted (apo C-III-null) mice to investigate the influence of this protein on TG turnover. TGSR measured by the Triton WR-1339 method was increased twofold in these mice compared with wild-type (WT) mice. Obesity was induced by the injection of gold-thioglucose (GTG), which made the WT mice hypertriglyceridemic due to a threefold increase of TGSR. However, GTG-induced obesity failed to increase TG in apo C-III-null mice, although TGSR was increased 10-fold, suggesting substantial stimulation of TG removal. Apo E-null mice were severely hypercholesterolemic but were not hypertriglyceridemic, and TGSR was rather decreased. GTG-induced obesity made these mice hypertriglyceridemic because of TG overproduction to an extent similar to that seen in WT mice. These results suggest that apo C-III deficiency potently enhances TG turnover, especially when TG production is stimulated, and that apo E deficiency is not always rate limiting for TG production. (+info)A novel, enzymatically active conformation of the Escherichia coli NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I). (8/74)
Electron microscopy has demonstrated the unusual L-shaped structure of the respiratory complex I consisting of two arms, which are arranged perpendicular to each other. We found that the Escherichia coli complex I has an additional stable conformation, with the two arms arranged side by side, resulting in a horseshoe-shaped structure. The structure of both conformations was determined by means of electron microscopy of gold thioglucose-stained single particles. They were distinguished from each other by titration of the complex with polyethylene glycol and by means of analytical ultracentrifugation. The transition between the two conformations is induced by the ionic strength of the buffer and is reversible. Only the horseshoe-shaped complex I exhibits enzyme activity in detergent solution, which is abolished by the addition of salt. Therefore, it is proposed that this structure is the native conformation of the complex in the membrane. (+info)
Aurothioglucose | elephantcare
Hyperlipid: 2012
Hyperlipid: 09/01/2012 - 10/01/2012
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Life Without GPR7, the Neuropeptide W1 Receptor: Regulation of Energy by Makoto Ishii
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111)-Oriented large-grain Ge on insulator by gold-induced crystallization combined with interfacial layer insertion
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Association of HLA-B35 with mucocutaneous lesions in Israeli patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving gold treatment. |...
DISPERSIONS OF INORGANIC PARTICULATES CONTAINING ALKOXYCRYLENE - Patent application
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The ecological genetics of aliphatic glucosinolates. - Oxford Big Data Institute
Remarkably similar response to gold therapy in HLA identical sibs with rheumatoid arthritis. | Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases
Selective inhibition of endogenous antioxidants with Auranofin causes mitochondrial oxidative stress which can be countered by...
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NaturVet Arthrisoothe Gold Level 3 for Dogs & Cats - 120 tablets
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ASCORBYL GLUCOSIDE
Auranofin capsules
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Deep brain stimulation - Wikipedia
Gold salts
"Aurothioglucose Suspension adverse effects". Health Digest. "Gold sodium thiomalate (gold)". Archived from the original on 28 ... Auranofin (UK & US) Aurothioglucose (Gold thioglucose) (US) Disodium aurothiomalate Sodium aurothiosulfate (Gold sodium ... Beck RK (2002). "Auranofin and Aurothioglucose side effects & overdose". Drug Reference for EMS Providers. pp. 164-165. " ... "Aurothioglucose is a gold salt used in treating inflammatory arthritis". MedicineNet.com "About gold treatment: What is it? ...
Disodium aurothiomalate
The structure of the related drug Aurothioglucose is also polymeric with two-coordinate gold(I) centers. In such compounds, the ... Auranofin Aurothioglucose Gold salts Sodium aurothiomalate Shaw III CF (September 1999). "Gold-based therapeutic agents". ...
Hydroxychloroquine
Care should be taken if combined with medication altering liver function as well as aurothioglucose (Solganal), cimetidine ( ...
Sodium aurothiomalate
It was recently discontinued from the US market along with aurothioglucose leaving only auranofin as the only gold salt on the ...
ATC code M01
M01CA03 Oxycinchophen M01CB01 Sodium aurothiomalate M01CB02 Sodium aurothiosulfate M01CB03 Auranofin M01CB04 Aurothioglucose ...
List of IARC Group 3 Agents - Not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans
Anthanthrene Anthracene Anthranilic acid Antimony trisulfide Apholate para-Aramid fibrils Atrazine Aurothioglucose (Auranofin) ...
Jacques Forestier
Historically, injectable gold salts such as gold sodium thiomalate and aurothioglucose were considered by many to be the most ...
Aurothioglucose
In 2001, aurothioglucose was withdrawn from the Dutch market, where it had been the only injectable gold preparation available ... Aurothioglucose, also known as gold thioglucose, is a chemical compound with the formula AuSC6H11O5. This derivative of the ... Aurothioglucose has an interaction with the antimalarial medication hydroxychloroquine. Auranofin Shaw, III C. F. (1999). "Gold ... Efficacy and safety of therapy after switching from aurothioglucose to aurothiomalate (van Roon et al., J Rheumatol 2005) ...
List of IARC Group 3 carcinogens
Anthanthrene Anthracene Anthranilic acid Antimony trisulfide Apholate para-Aramid fibrils Atrazine Aurothioglucose (Auranofin) ...
Indinavir
The official start to its development started in December 1986 when Merck's president, Edward Scolnick, announced that they would start a comprehensive AIDS research program. They started a laboratory dedicated to AIDS research in West Point, Pennsylvania and placed Emilio Emini in charge of the laboratory.[11] A couple months later on January, 1987, a team of researchers consisting of Emilio Emini, Joel Huff, and Irving Sigal, kickstarted their studies by basing their project off of earlier research on the protease enzyme, renin.[5] They were the ones who started the process of research and development into protease inhibitors and its relation to the virus. Over a year later, in July 1988, Nancy Kohl, Emilio Emini, et al., published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of the Science about the idea of inhibiting the protease.[11] On February, 1989, Manuela Navia, Paula Fitzgerald, et al., published a paper that showed the three-dimensional structure of HIV's protease enzyme.[5] Other ...
Levothyroxine
... is typically used to treat hypothyroidism,[9] and is the treatment of choice for people with hypothyroidism,[10] who often require lifelong thyroid hormone therapy.[11] It may also be used to treat goiter via its ability to lower thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), a hormone that is considered goiter-inducing.[12][13] Levothyroxine is also used as interventional therapy in people with nodular thyroid disease or thyroid cancer to suppress thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion.[14] A subset of people with hypothyroidism treated with an appropriate dose of levothyroxine will describe continuing symptoms despite TSH levels in the normal range.[11] In these people, further laboratory and clinical evaluation is warranted as they may have another cause for their symptoms.[11] Furthermore, it is important to review their medications and possible dietary supplements as several medications can affect thyroid hormone levels.[11] Levothyroxine is also used to treat subclinical ...
Rifaximin
... is a low cost drug.[7] In the United States, Salix Pharmaceuticals holds a US Patent for rifaximin and markets the drug under the name Xifaxan.[17][18] In addition to receiving FDA approval for traveler's diarrhea and (marketing approved for)[18] hepatic encephalopathy, rifaximin received FDA approval for IBS in May 2015.[19] No generic formulation is available in the US and none has appeared due to the fact that the FDA approval process was ongoing. If rifaximin receives full FDA approval for hepatic encephalopathy it is likely that Salix will maintain marketing exclusivity and be protected from generic formulations until March 24, 2017.[18] Rifaximin is approved in 33 countries for GI disorders.[20][21] On August 13, 2013, Health Canada issued a Notice of Compliance to Salix Pharmaceuticals Inc. for the drug product Zaxine.[22] In India it is available under the brand names Ciboz and Xifapill.[citation needed] In Russia and Ukraine the drug is sold under the name Alfa Normix ...
Methylprednisolone
Long-term use of methylprednisolone, as with all corticosteroids, can be associated with hyperglycemia, decreased resistance to infection, swelling of face, weight gain, congestive cardiac insufficiency, fluid and sodium retention, edema, hypertension, increased eye pressure, glaucoma, osteoporosis, and psychosis, especially when used at high doses.[11][12] The most serious side effect occurs after the adrenal glands cease natural production of cortisol, which methylprednisolone will replace. Abrupt cessation of the drug after this occurs can result in a condition known as Addisonian crisis, which can be fatal. To prevent this, the drug is usually prescribed with a tapering dose, including a predosed "dose pack" detailing a specific number of tablets to take at designated times over a several-day period. Pharmacists sometimes advise that this drug may cause sleeplessness and "down" moods. Measles and chicken pox are very dangerous and potentially fatal for people on methylprednisolone therapy. ...
Omeprazole
Important drug interactions are rare.[27][28] However, the most significant major drug interaction concern is the decreased activation of clopidogrel when taken together with omeprazole.[29] Although still controversial,[30] this may increase the risk of stroke or heart attack in people taking clopidogrel to prevent these events. This interaction is possible because omeprazole is an inhibitor of the enzymes CYP2C19 and CYP3A4.[31] Clopidogrel is an inactive prodrug that partially depends on CYP2C19 for conversion to its active form. Inhibition of CYP2C19 may block the activation of clopidogrel, which could reduce its effects.[32][33] Almost all benzodiazepines are metabolised by the CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 pathways, and inhibition of these enzymes results in a higher AUC (i.e., the total effect over time of a given dose). Other examples of drugs dependent on CYP3A4 for their metabolism are escitalopram,[34] warfarin,[35] oxycodone, tramadol, and oxymorphone. The concentrations of these drugs may ...
Nafcillin
Bonow RO, Carabello BA, Kanu C, et al. (August 2006). "ACC/AHA 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (writing committee to revise the 1998 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease): developed in collaboration with the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists: endorsed by the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons". Circulation. 114 (5): e84-231. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.176857. PMID 16880336 ...
Androstenediol
... has been investigated for use as a radiation countermeasure. Its value as a radiation countermeasure is based mainly on its stimulation of production of white blood cells and platelets.[6] Its potential use as a radiation countermeasure was developed by the Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute (AFRRI) and subsequently studied by AFRRI and Hollis-Eden Pharmaceuticals under the proposed brand name Neumune for the treatment of acute radiation syndrome.[6][7] The clinical trials with rhesus monkeys were successful. According to the Hollis-Eden report, only 12.5% of the 40 Neumune-treated animals died versus 32.5% in the placebo group.[8] Hollis-Eden had applied for a contract from the U.S. Government under the BioShield Request for Proposals (RFP) for radiation countermeasures. After being encouraged for 2.5 years that Neumune was in the competitive range, on March 9, 2007, the RFP was canceled by HHS. According to HHS, "the product was no longer in the competitive ...
Carbamazepine
... (CBZ), sold under the trade name Tegretol among others, is an anticonvulsant medication used primarily in the treatment of epilepsy and neuropathic pain.[1] It is not effective for absence or myoclonic seizures.[1] It is used in schizophrenia along with other medications and as a second-line agent in bipolar disorder.[3][1] Carbamazepine appears to work as well as phenytoin and valproate for focal and generalised seizures.[4] Common side effects include nausea and drowsiness.[1] Serious side effects may include skin rashes, decreased bone marrow function, suicidal thoughts, or confusion.[1] It should not be used in those with a history of bone marrow problems.[1] Use during pregnancy may cause harm to the baby; however, stopping the medication in pregnant women with seizures is not recommended.[1] Its use during breastfeeding is not recommended.[1] Care should be taken in those with either kidney or liver problems.[1] Carbamazepine was discovered in 1953 by Swiss chemist Walter ...
Pregnenolone
... is an allosteric endocannabinoid, as it is a negative allosteric modulator of the CB1 receptor.[4][5] Pregnenolone is involved in a natural negative feedback loop against CB1 receptor activation in animals.[6][better source needed] It prevents CB1 receptor agonists like tetrahydrocannabinol, the main active constituent in cannabis, from fully activating the CB1 [6][better source needed] Pregnenolone has been found to bind with high, nanomolar affinity to microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) in the brain.[7][8] In contrast to pregnenolone, pregnenolone sulfate did not bind to microtubules.[7][8] However, progesterone did and with similar affinity to pregnenolone, although unlike pregnenolone, it did not increase binding of MAP2 to tubulin.[7][8] Pregnenolone was found to induce tubule polymerization in neuronal cultures and to increase neurite growth in PC12 cells treated with nerve growth factor.[7][8] As such, pregnenolone may control formation and stabilization of microtubules ...
Permethrin
... has little systemic absorption, and is considered safe for topical use in adults and children over the age of 2 months. The FDA has assigned it as pregnancy category B. Animal studies have shown no effects on fertility or teratogenicity, but studies in humans have not been performed. The excretion of permethrin in breastmilk is unknown, and breastfeeding is recommended to be temporarily discontinued during treatment.[11] According to the Connecticut Department of Public Health, permethrin "has low mammalian toxicity, is poorly absorbed through the skin, and is rapidly inactivated by the body. Skin reactions have been uncommon."[14] Excessive exposure to permethrin can cause nausea, headache, muscle weakness, excessive salivation, shortness of breath, and seizures. Worker exposure to the chemical can be monitored by measurement of the urinary metabolites, while severe overdose may be confirmed by measurement of permethrin in serum or blood plasma.[15] Permethrin does not present any ...
Docetaxel
where CL is total body clearance (L/h), BSA is total body surface area (m2), AAG and ALB represent alpha1 acid glycoprotein and albumin plasma concentrations (g/L) respectively, and AGE is the patients age (years).[13] HEP12 represents a measure of hepatic dysfunction, affecting clearance of docetaxel. This final model accounted for a modest proportion of patients and identified most of the patients varying from the model (population median of CL = 35.6 L/h) as having hepatic dysfunction, indicating hepatic function as the most unpredictable factor with regards to clearance variability.[13] Patients with significant hepatic dysfunction had an approximately 30% decrease in clearance of docetaxel and were also at a higher risk of toxicity poisoning from docetaxel treatment.[13] Clearance has been shown from population pharmacokinetic studies to decrease significantly with age, increased alpha1 acid glycoprotein and albumin concentrations and decreased body surface area.[13] Renal impairment is ...
Metacycline
InChI=1S/C22H22N2O8/c1-7-8-5-4-6-9(25)11(8)16(26)12-10(7)17(27)14-15(24(2)3)18(28)13(21(23)31)20(30)22(14,32)19(12)29/h4-6,10,14-15,17,25,27-29,32H,1H2,2-3H3,(H2,23,31)/t10-,14-,15+,17+,22+/m1/s1 ...
Methoxychlor
Human exposure to methoxychlor occurs via air, soil, and water,[7] primarily in people who work with the substance or who are exposed to air, soil, or water that has been contaminated. It is unknown how quickly and efficiently the substance is absorbed by humans who have been exposed to contaminated air or via skin contact.[7] In animal models, high doses can lead to neurotoxicity.[7] Some methoxychlor's metabolites have estrogenic effects in adult and developing animals before and after birth.[7] One studied metabolite is 2,2-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane (HPTE) which shows reproductive toxicity in an animal model by reducing testosterone biosynthesis.[8][9] Such effects adversely affect both the male and female reproductive systems. It is expected that this "could occur in humans" but has not been proven.[7] While one study has linked methoxychlor to the development of leukemia in humans, most studies in animals and humans have been negative, thus the EPA has determined that it is ...
Pregnanolone
... , also known as eltanolone (INN), is an endogenous neurosteroid that is biosynthesized from progesterone.[1] It is a positive allosteric modulator of the GABAA receptor,[1] as well as a negative allosteric modulator of the glycine receptor,[2] and is known to have sedative, anxiolytic, anesthetic, and anticonvulsant effects.[1][2][3] It was investigated for clinical use as a general anesthetic, but produced unwanted side effects such as convulsions on occasion, and for this reason was never marketed.[2][4] During pregnancy, pregnanolone and allopregnanolone are involved in sedation and anesthesia of the fetus.[5][6] ...
Loratadine
As of 2017 brands included: Actalor, Actidin, Aerotina, Alaspan, Alavert, Albatrina, Alerdina, Alerfast, Alergan, Alergiano, Alergiatadina, Alergin Ariston, Alergipan, Alergit, Alergitrat L, Aleric Lora, Alermuc, Alernitis, Alerpriv, Alertadin, Alertine, Aleze, Algac, Algecare, Algistop, Alledryl, Aller-Tab, Allerfre, Allerget, Allergex Non Drowsy, Allergyx, Allerhis, Allernon, Allerta, Allertyn, Allohex, Allor, Allorat, Alloris, Alor, Analor, Anhissen, Anti-Sneeze, Antial, Antil, Antimin, Ao Hui Feng, Ao Mi Xin, Ao Shu, Ardin, Atinac, Avotyne, Axcel Loratadine, Bai Wei Le, Bang Nuo, Bedix, Belodin, Benadryl, Besumin, Bi Sai Ning, Bi Yan Tong, Biliranin, Biloina, Biolorat, Bollinol, Boots Hayfever Relief, Boots Hooikoortstabletten, Boots Once-a-Day Allergy Relief, Carin, Carinose, Chang Ke, Civeran, Clara, Claratyne, Clarid, Clarihis, Clarihist, Clarilerg, Clarinese, Claritin, Claritine, Clarityne, Clarityne SP, Clarotadine, Clatatin, Clatine, Clear-Atadine, Clear-Atadine Children's, Clistin, ...
Chrysin
A component in various medicinal plants (e.g. Scutellaria baicalensis), chrysin is a dihydroxyflavone, a type of flavonoid.[6] It is also found in honey, propolis, the passion flowers, Passiflora caerulea and Passiflora incarnata, in Oroxylum indicum,[2] carrots,[1] chamomile,[7] many fruits, and in mushrooms, such as the mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus.[6] It is extracted from various plants,[1] such as the blue passion flower (Passiflora caerulea).[1] The amount of chrysin in honey from various plant sources is about 0.2 mg per 100 g.[8] Chrysin is typically found at higher amounts in propolis than in honey.[9] A 2010 study found the amount of chrysin was 0.10 mg/kg in honeydew honey, and 5.3 mg/kg in forest honeys.[10] A 2010 study found the amount of chrysin in propolis was as much as 28 g/L.[10] A 2013 study found the amount of chrysin in various mushrooms from the island of Lesvos, Greece varied between 0.17 mg/kg in Lactarius deliciosus to 0.34 mg/kg in Suillus bellinii.[10] ...
Tianeptine
Recreational use of tianeptine is rare[according to whom?] and thus far has only been seen in persons already using multiple substances for recreational purposes.[citation needed] In 2001, Singapore's Ministry of Health restricted tianeptine prescribing to psychiatrists due to its recreational potential,[49] In 2003, Bahrain classified it a controlled substance due to increasing reports of misuse and recreational use.[50] Between 1989 and 2004, in France 141 cases of recreational use were identified, correlating to an incidence of 1 to 3 cases per 1000 persons treated with tianeptine and 45 between 2006 and 2011. The main reason for recreational use is to achieve an anxiolytic effect. According to Servier, stopping of treatment with tianeptine is difficult, due to the possibility of withdrawal symptoms in a person. The severity of the withdrawal is dependent on the daily dose, with high doses being extremely difficult to quit.[51][better source needed][52][53] In 2007, according to French Health ...
Cypermethrin
... is very toxic to cats which cannot tolerate the therapeutic doses for dogs.[7] This is associated with UGT1A6 deficiency in cats, the enzyme responsible for metabolizing cypermethrin. As a consequence, cypermethrin remains much longer in the cat's organs than in dogs or other mammals and can be fatal in large doses. In male rats cypermethrin was shown to exhibit a toxic effect on the reproductive system. After 15 days of continual dosing, both androgen receptor levels and serum testosterone levels were significantly reduced. These data suggested that cypermethrin can induce impairments of the structure of seminiferous tubules and spermatogenesis in male rats at high doses.[8] Long-term exposure to cypermethrin during adulthood is found to induce dopaminergic neurodegeneration in rats, and postnatal exposure enhances the susceptibility of animals to dopaminergic neurodegeneration if rechallenged during adulthood.[9] If exposed to cypermethrin during pregnancy, rats give birth to ...
Mevastatin
Biosynthesis of mevastatin is primarily accomplished via a type 1 PKS pathway it proceeds in the PKS pathway as seen in figure 1 until it reaches a hexaketide state where it undergoes a Diels-Alder cyclization. After cyclization it continues via the PKS pathway to a nonaketide after which it is released and undergoes oxidation and dehydration. It is presumed that the oxidations are preformed by a polypeptide that is similar to cytochrome p450 monooxygenase, which is encoded by mlcC within the mevastatin gene. Lastly the biosynthesis is completed by the PKS facilitating the addition of a diketide sidechain and a methylation by SAM.[7] Figure 1 shows mevastatin in its acid form but it can also be in the more commonly seen lactone form. This pathway was first observed in Penicillium cilrinum and was later discovered that another type of fungus, Penicillium brevicompaetum also produced mevastatin via a PKS pathway. ...
Template:Xenobiotic-sensing receptor modulators
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization ...
Clotrimazole
It is commonly available without a prescription in various dosage forms, such as a topical cream, ointment, or vaginal suppository. It is also available as an oral troche or throat lozenge as a prescription only. Topically, clotrimazole is used for vulvovaginal candidiasis (yeast infection) or yeast infections of the skin. For vulvovaginal candidiasis (yeast infection), clotrimazole tablets and creams are inserted into the vagina. Topical clotrimazole is usually not effective in treatment of fungal infections of the scalp or nails.[citation needed] When using over-the-counter drug clotrimazole products, use should be discontinued if condition does not improve after treatment for 2 weeks for jock itch or after 4 weeks for athlete's foot or ringworm.[6] Throat lozenge preparations are used for oropharyngeal candidiasis (oral thrush) or prevention of oral thrush in people with neutropenia.[6] Clotrimazole is usually used 5 times daily for 14 days for oral thrush, twice daily for 2 to 8 weeks for ...
Aurothioglucose - Wikipedia
In 2001, aurothioglucose was withdrawn from the Dutch market, where it had been the only injectable gold preparation available ... Aurothioglucose, also known as gold thioglucose, is a chemical compound with the formula AuSC6H11O5. This derivative of the ... Aurothioglucose has an interaction with the antimalarial medication hydroxychloroquine. Auranofin Shaw, III C. F. (1999). "Gold ... Efficacy and safety of therapy after switching from aurothioglucose to aurothiomalate (van Roon et al., J Rheumatol 2005) ...
Aurothioglucose | elephantcare
Aurothioglucose Injection 50 mg/ml suspension (contains approximately 50% gold); in 10 ml vials; Solganal® (Schering); (Rx) ... The safety of aurothioglucose has not been established during pregnancy, it should only be used when the potential benefits ... Pharmacology - Aurothioglucose has anti-inflammatory, antirheumatic, immunomodulating, and antimicrobial (in vitro) effects. ... Adverse Effects/Warnings - Veterinary experience with aurothioglucose is limited. Pain at the injection site is common and some ...
Solganal liver, stomach and heart problems, Aurothioglucose contraindications
Solganal Aurothioglucose contraindications, important information I should know about Solganal. ... Aurothioglucose alcohol, caffeine. Aurothioglucose dosage. Aurothioglucose overdose. Aurothioglucose dose. Aurothioglucose ... Solganal (Aurothioglucose) Links:. What is Aurothioglucose. Aurothioglucose over the counter or prescription?. Aurothioglucose ... Aurothioglucose effects & treatment. Aurothioglucose side effects. Aurothioglucose interactions. ...
Pyrimethamine And Sulfadoxine (Oral Route) Side Effects - Mayo Clinic
Primaquine (Oral Route) Before Using - Mayo Clinic
Erythroderma (Generalized Exfoliative Dermatitis) Workup: Laboratory Studies, Imaging Studies, Other Tests
Exfoliative dermatitis (ED) is a definitive term that refers to a scaling erythematous dermatitis involving 90% or more of the cutaneous surface. Exfoliative dermatitis is characterized by erythema and scaling involving the skins surface and often obscures the primary lesions that are important clues to understanding the evolution of the dis...
Coartem Advanced Patient Information - Drugs.com
Table 2 - Analysis of MarketScan Data for Immunosuppressive Conditions and Hospitalizations for Acute Respiratory Illness,...
Increasing use of immunosuppressive biologic therapies poses a challenge for infectious diseases. Immunosuppressed patients have a high risk for influenza complications and an impaired immune response to vaccines. The total burden of immunosuppressive conditions in the United States, including those receiving emerging biologic therapies, remains unknown. We used the national claims database MarketScan to estimate the prevalence of immunosuppressive conditions and risk for acute respiratory illnesses (ARIs). We studied 47.2 million unique enrollees, representing 115 million person-years of observation during 2012-2017, and identified immunosuppressive conditions in 6.2% adults 18-64 years of age and 2.6% of children <18 years of age. Among 542,105 ARI hospitalizations, 32% of patients had immunosuppressive conditions. The risk for ARI hospitalizations was higher among enrollees with immunosuppression than among nonimmunosuppressed enrollees. Future efforts should focus on developing improved
Erythroderma (Generalized Exfoliative Dermatitis) Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination, Complications
Exfoliative dermatitis (ED) is a definitive term that refers to a scaling erythematous dermatitis involving 90% or more of the cutaneous surface. Exfoliative dermatitis is characterized by erythema and scaling involving the skins surface and often obscures the primary lesions that are important clues to understanding the evolution of the dis...
Naturopathic Physicians Regulation
Frontiers | Recent Advances of Gold Compounds in Anticancer Immunity | Chemistry
ADCY1 Gene - GeneCards | ADCY1 Protein | ADCY1 Antibody
Gold salts - Wikipedia
"Aurothioglucose Suspension adverse effects". Health Digest. "Gold sodium thiomalate (gold)". Archived from the original on 28 ... Auranofin (UK & US) Aurothioglucose (Gold thioglucose) (US) Disodium aurothiomalate Sodium aurothiosulfate (Gold sodium ... Beck RK (2002). "Auranofin and Aurothioglucose side effects & overdose". Drug Reference for EMS Providers. pp. 164-165. " ... "Aurothioglucose is a gold salt used in treating inflammatory arthritis". MedicineNet.com "About gold treatment: What is it? ...
Ganciclovir: MedlinePlus Drug Information
Patent US5688761 - Convertible microemulsion formulations - Google Patents
Antiinflammatory and Antirheumatic Products - DrugBank
Organon products
SELENIUM: Uses, Side Effects, Interactions and Warnings - WebMD
Drugs That Cause Peripheral Neuropathy | LIVESTRONG.COM
Generic for Cuprimine 250mg Dosage Online at Low Cost - InternationalDrugMart.com
ATC code M01 - wikidoc
1996 - Early SAARDs were better than NSAIDs in recently diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis | 1996 Sep-Oct : Volume 125, Number 2,...
Health Resources | Logansport Memorial Hospital
Penicillamine: MedlinePlus Drug Information
Pemphigus foliaceus | definition of pemphigus foliaceus by Medical dictionary
Thioredoxin Reductase-1 Inhibition Augments Endogenous Glutathione-Dependent Antioxidant Responses in Experimental...
i,Background,/i,. Aurothioglucose- (ATG-) mediated inhibition of thioredoxin reductase-1 (TXNRD1) improves alveolarization in ... R. D. Britt Jr., M. Velten, M. L. Locy, L. K. Rogers, and T. E. Tipple, "The thioredoxin reductase-1 inhibitor aurothioglucose ... Within 12 h of birth, pups received either 25 mg/kg aurothioglucose (ATG) or saline (SA) intraperitoneally (i.p.). Pups were ... A. D. Smith, C. A. Guidry, V. C. Morris, and O. A. Levander, "Aurothioglucose inhibits murine thioredoxin reductase activity in ...
Dermatologie in der Tiermedizin, Hautkrankheiten bei Tieren Shorthair cat with crusty, non pruritic lesions - Part 7
DE19911057C2 - Hair cosmetic preparations - Google Patents
DE19714424A1 - Cosmetic and dermatological detergent preparations containing acrylate copolymers, alkyl glucosides and...
Auranofin5
- Only one gold drug remains in active clinical use for this purpose in the United States: auranofin although sodium aurothiomalate (gold sodium thiomalate) and aurothioglucose were still used until recently. (wikipedia.org)
- Auranofin (UK & US) Aurothioglucose (Gold thioglucose) (US) Disodium aurothiomalate Sodium aurothiosulfate (Gold sodium thiosulfate) Sodium aurothiomalate (Gold sodium thiomalate) (UK) Shaw CF (September 1999). (wikipedia.org)
- Including but not limited to aurothioglucose, auranofin and sodium aurothiomalate, when sold for administration by injection. (napra.ca)
- Generic Aur- drugs (Auranofin, Aurothioglucose) are gold compounds. (drmnemonics.com)
- Other gold salts available include injectable aurothioglucose (Solganal) and oral auranofin ( Ridaura ). (medicinenet.com)
Solganal2
- Solganal liver, heart and stomach possible problems, Solganal Aurothioglucose contraindications, important information I should know about Solganal. (medslook.com)
- When injected gold is given as gold sodium thiomalate (brand name: Myochrysine) or as aurothioglucose (brand name: Solganal). (washington.edu)
Azathioprine1
- One author (Kummel 1995) reports that four pemphigus canine cases treated with aurothioglucose that was given immediately after cessation of azathioprine, developed a fatal toxic epidermal necrolysis. (elephantcare.org)
Sodium aurothiomalate1
- Injections of weak solutions of sodium aurothiomalate or aurothioglucose are sometimes used to treat rheumatoid arthritis. (smore.com)
Rheumatoid arthritis3
- Aurothioglucose is indicated for the adjunctive treatment of early active adult and juvenile type rheumatoid arthritis that is not adequately controlled by other anti-inflammatory agents and conservative measures like salicylate, glucocorticoids, etc. (drugbank.ca)
- Seventy-four Israeli patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were studied for possible association between HLA antigens and adverse reactions to gold treatment (aurothioglucose). (bmj.com)
- His rheumatologist for the past 40 years had just retired, and he was searching for a doctor with expertise in the use of gold sodium aurothioglucose , the drug that had driven his rheumatoid arthritis (RA) into remission decades before. (the-rheumatologist.org)
Pharmacology1
- Pharmacology - Aurothioglucose has anti-inflammatory, antirheumatic, immunomodulating, and antimicrobial ( in vitro ) effects. (elephantcare.org)
Hydroxychloroquine1
- Aurothioglucose has an interaction with the antimalarial medication hydroxychloroquine. (wikipedia.org)
Adverse Effects1
- Adverse Effects/Warnings - Veterinary experience with aurothioglucose is limited. (elephantcare.org)
TXNRD12
- Aurothioglucose- (ATG-) mediated inhibition of thioredoxin reductase-1 (TXNRD1) improves alveolarization in experimental murine bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). (hindawi.com)
- The co-treatment of the TXNRD1 inhibitor aurothioglucose and menadione could significantly alleviate the efficiency of ROS generation in vitro and increase the viability of A549 cells. (rsc.org)
Obesity1
- 3.Aurothioglucose treatment induced obesity with hyperplasia of islet beta-cells in control mice. (nii.ac.jp)
Significantly1
- The islets in aurothioglucose-treated Reg I-deficient mice were significantly smaller than those of control, indicating that islets of Reg I-deficient mice have lower proliferation activity in response to a demand of beta-cell proliferation in adulthood. (nii.ac.jp)
Drugs1
- All mammalian thioredoxin reductase isozymes are homologous to glutathione reductase and contain a conserved C-terminal elongation with a cysteine-selenocysteine sequence forming a redox-active selenenylsulfide/selenolthiol active site and are inhibited by goldthioglucose (aurothioglucose) and other clinically used drugs. (nih.gov)
Pyrimethamine1
- Pyrimethamine should never be used concomitantly with aurothioglucose. (findatopdoc.com)
Injection1
- Pharmacokinetics - After IM injection, aurothioglucose is quite rapidly absorbed and peak serum concentrations are reached in 4-6 hours. (elephantcare.org)
Gold salt1
- Chemistry - A water soluble gold salt, aurothioglucose contains approximately 50% gold. (elephantcare.org)
Safety2
- Efficacy and safety of therapy after switching from aurothioglucose to aurothiomalate (van Roon et al. (wikipedia.org)
- The safety of aurothioglucose has not been established during pregnancy, it should only be used when the potential benefits outweigh the risks involved. (elephantcare.org)
Injections2
- Aurothioglucose injections help in dealing with rheumatoid arthritis. (syrosrecko.cz)
- Injections of weak solutions of sodium aurothiomalate or aurothioglucose are sometimes used to treat rheumatoid arthritis. (jewels4you.be)