Audiometry pure tone. Medical search

The testing of the acuity of the sense of hearing to determine the thresholds of the lowest intensity levels at which an individual can hear a set of tones. The frequencies between 125 and 8000 Hz are used to test air conduction thresholds and the frequencies between 250 and 4000 Hz are used to test bone conduction thresholds.

Measurement of hearing based on the use of pure tones of various frequencies and intensities as auditory stimuli.

A form of electrophysiologic audiometry in which an analog computer is included in the circuit to average out ongoing or spontaneous brain wave activity. A characteristic pattern of response to a sound stimulus may then become evident. Evoked response audiometry is known also as electric response audiometry.

The audibility limit of discriminating sound intensity and pitch.

Hearing loss in frequencies above 1000 hertz.

Conditions that impair the transmission of auditory impulses and information from the level of the ear to the temporal cortices, including the sensorineural pathways.

Objective tests of middle ear function based on the difficulty (impedance) or ease (admittance) of sound flow through the middle ear. These include static impedance and dynamic impedance (i.e., tympanometry and impedance tests in conjunction with intra-aural muscle reflex elicitation). This term is used also for various components of impedance and admittance (e.g., compliance, conductance, reactance, resistance, susceptance).

Hearing loss due to exposure to explosive loud noise or chronic exposure to sound level greater than 85 dB. The hearing loss is often in the frequency range 4000-6000 hertz.

A general term for the complete or partial loss of the ability to hear from one or both ears.

Part of an ear examination that measures the ability of sound to reach the brain.

Noise present in occupational, industrial, and factory situations.

The ability or act of sensing and transducing ACOUSTIC STIMULATION to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. It is also called audition.

A nonspecific symptom of hearing disorder characterized by the sensation of buzzing, ringing, clicking, pulsations, and other noises in the ear. Objective tinnitus refers to noises generated from within the ear or adjacent structures that can be heard by other individuals. The term subjective tinnitus is used when the sound is audible only to the affected individual. Tinnitus may occur as a manifestation of COCHLEAR DISEASES; VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE DISEASES; INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; and other conditions.

Use of sound to elicit a response in the nervous system.

Self-generated faint acoustic signals from the inner ear (COCHLEA) without external stimulation. These faint signals can be recorded in the EAR CANAL and are indications of active OUTER AUDITORY HAIR CELLS. Spontaneous otoacoustic emissions are found in all classes of land vertebrates.

Hearing loss resulting from damage to the COCHLEA and the sensorineural elements which lie internally beyond the oval and round windows. These elements include the AUDITORY NERVE and its connections in the BRAINSTEM.

Personal devices for protection of the ears from loud or high intensity noise, water, or cold. These include earmuffs and earplugs.

Electrical waves in the CEREBRAL CORTEX generated by BRAIN STEM structures in response to auditory click stimuli. These are found to be abnormal in many patients with CEREBELLOPONTINE ANGLE lesions, MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, or other DEMYELINATING DISEASES.

Loss of sensitivity to sounds as a result of auditory stimulation, manifesting as a temporary shift in auditory threshold. The temporary threshold shift, TTS, is expressed in decibels.

The ability to differentiate tones.

Hearing loss due to interference with the mechanical reception or amplification of sound to the COCHLEA. The interference is in the outer or middle ear involving the EAR CANAL; TYMPANIC MEMBRANE; or EAR OSSICLES.

Measurement of the ability to hear speech under various conditions of intensity and noise interference using sound-field as well as earphones and bone oscillators.

Any sound which is unwanted or interferes with HEARING other sounds.

A dimension of auditory sensation varying with cycles per second of the sound stimulus.

Transmission of sound waves through vibration of bones in the SKULL to the inner ear (COCHLEA). By using bone conduction stimulation and by bypassing any OUTER EAR or MIDDLE EAR abnormalities, hearing thresholds of the cochlea can be determined. Bone conduction hearing differs from normal hearing which is based on air conduction stimulation via the EAR CANAL and the TYMPANIC MEMBRANE.

The electric response evoked in the CEREBRAL CORTEX by ACOUSTIC STIMULATION or stimulation of the AUDITORY PATHWAYS.

The process whereby auditory stimuli are selected, organized, and interpreted by the organism.

The region of the cerebral cortex that receives the auditory radiation from the MEDIAL GENICULATE BODY.

The science pertaining to the interrelationship of psychologic phenomena and the individual's response to the physical properties of sound.

Examination of the EAR CANAL and eardrum with an OTOSCOPE.

Disorders of hearing or auditory perception due to pathological processes of the AUDITORY PATHWAYS in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. These include CENTRAL HEARING LOSS and AUDITORY PERCEPTUAL DISORDERS.

A type of non-ionizing radiation in which energy is transmitted through solid, liquid, or gas as compression waves. Sound (acoustic or sonic) radiation with frequencies above the audible range is classified as ultrasonic. Sound radiation below the audible range is classified as infrasonic.

Intra-aural contraction of tensor tympani and stapedius in response to sound.

Surgical reconstruction of the hearing mechanism of the middle ear, with restoration of the drum membrane to protect the round window from sound pressure, and establishment of ossicular continuity between the tympanic membrane and the oval window. (Dorland, 28th ed.)

NEURAL PATHWAYS and connections within the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, beginning at the hair cells of the ORGAN OF CORTI, continuing along the eighth cranial nerve, and terminating at the AUDITORY CORTEX.

A term used in Eastern European research literature for the functional neural unit that provides the basis for differential sensitivity; the analyzer consists of receptor, afferent nerves, and their central connections. (From Campbell's Psychiatric Dictionary, 8th ed.)

Sound that expresses emotion through rhythm, melody, and harmony.

Wearable sound-amplifying devices that are intended to compensate for impaired hearing. These generic devices include air-conduction hearing aids and bone-conduction hearing aids. (UMDNS, 1999)

Acquired or developmental cognitive disorders of AUDITORY PERCEPTION characterized by a reduced ability to perceive information contained in auditory stimuli despite intact auditory pathways. Affected individuals have difficulty with speech perception, sound localization, and comprehending the meaning of inflections of speech.

Pathological processes of the ear, the hearing, and the equilibrium system of the body.

Pathological processes of the VESTIBULAR LABYRINTH which contains part of the balancing apparatus. Patients with vestibular diseases show instability and are at risk of frequent falls.

An illusion of movement, either of the external world revolving around the individual or of the individual revolving in space. Vertigo may be associated with disorders of the inner ear (EAR, INNER); VESTIBULAR NERVE; BRAINSTEM; or CEREBRAL CORTEX. Lesions in the TEMPORAL LOBE and PARIETAL LOBE may be associated with FOCAL SEIZURES that may feature vertigo as an ictal manifestation. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp300-1)

Formation of spongy bone in the labyrinth capsule which can progress toward the STAPES (stapedial fixation) or anteriorly toward the COCHLEA leading to conductive, sensorineural, or mixed HEARING LOSS. Several genes are associated with familial otosclerosis with varied clinical signs.

The cochlear part of the 8th cranial nerve (VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE). The cochlear nerve fibers originate from neurons of the SPIRAL GANGLION and project peripherally to cochlear hair cells and centrally to the cochlear nuclei (COCHLEAR NUCLEUS) of the BRAIN STEM. They mediate the sense of hearing.

Surgery performed in which part of the STAPES, a bone in the middle ear, is removed and a prosthesis is placed to help transmit sound between the middle ear and inner ear.

The perceived attribute of a sound which corresponds to the physical attribute of intensity.

Hearing loss without a physical basis. Often observed in patients with psychological or behavioral disorders.

The process whereby an utterance is decoded into a representation in terms of linguistic units (sequences of phonetic segments which combine to form lexical and grammatical morphemes).

Partial hearing loss in both ears.

A number of tests used to determine if the brain or balance portion of the inner ear are causing dizziness.

The graphic registration of the frequency and intensity of sounds, such as speech, infant crying, and animal vocalizations.

The state of activity or tension of a muscle beyond that related to its physical properties, that is, its active resistance to stretch. In skeletal muscle, tonus is dependent upon efferent innervation. (Stedman, 25th ed)

The dorsal portion or roof of the midbrain which is composed of two pairs of bumps, the INFERIOR COLLICULI and the SUPERIOR COLLICULI. These four colliculi are also called the quadrigeminal bodies (TECTUM MESENCEPHALI). They are centers for visual sensorimotor integration.

The part of the inner ear (LABYRINTH) that is concerned with hearing. It forms the anterior part of the labyrinth, as a snail-like structure that is situated almost horizontally anterior to the VESTIBULAR LABYRINTH.

Recording of nystagmus based on changes in the electrical field surrounding the eye produced by the difference in potential between the cornea and the retina.

The space and structures directly internal to the TYMPANIC MEMBRANE and external to the inner ear (LABYRINTH). Its major components include the AUDITORY OSSICLES and the EUSTACHIAN TUBE that connects the cavity of middle ear (tympanic cavity) to the upper part of the throat.

The sounds produced by humans by the passage of air through the LARYNX and over the VOCAL CORDS, and then modified by the resonance organs, the NASOPHARYNX, and the MOUTH.

A part of the MEDULLA OBLONGATA situated in the olivary body. It is involved with motor control and is a major source of sensory input to the CEREBELLUM.

The hearing and equilibrium system of the body. It consists of three parts: the EXTERNAL EAR, the MIDDLE EAR, and the INNER EAR. Sound waves are transmitted through this organ where vibration is transduced to nerve signals that pass through the ACOUSTIC NERVE to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. The inner ear also contains the vestibular organ that maintains equilibrium by transducing signals to the VESTIBULAR NERVE.

The aggregate business enterprise of manufacturing textiles. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)

The posterior pair of the quadrigeminal bodies which contain centers for auditory function.

The interference of one perceptual stimulus with another causing a decrease or lessening in perceptual effectiveness.

A basement membrane in the cochlea that supports the hair cells of the ORGAN OF CORTI, consisting keratin-like fibrils. It stretches from the SPIRAL LAMINA to the basilar crest. The movement of fluid in the cochlea, induced by sound, causes displacement of the basilar membrane and subsequent stimulation of the attached hair cells which transform the mechanical signal into neural activity.

An auditory orientation mechanism involving the emission of high frequency sounds which are reflected back to the emitter (animal).

Order of mammals whose members are adapted for flight. It includes bats, flying foxes, and fruit bats.

Three long canals (anterior, posterior, and lateral) of the bony labyrinth. They are set at right angles to each other and are situated posterosuperior to the vestibule of the bony labyrinth (VESTIBULAR LABYRINTH). The semicircular canals have five openings into the vestibule with one shared by the anterior and the posterior canals. Within the canals are the SEMICIRCULAR DUCTS.

A benign SCHWANNOMA of the eighth cranial nerve (VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE), mostly arising from the vestibular branch (VESTIBULAR NERVE) during the fifth or sixth decade of life. Clinical manifestations include HEARING LOSS; HEADACHE; VERTIGO; TINNITUS; and FACIAL PAIN. Bilateral acoustic neuromas are associated with NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 2. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p673)

Psychophysical technique that permits the estimation of the bias of the observer as well as detectability of the signal (i.e., stimulus) in any sensory modality. (From APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 8th ed.)

Pathological processes of the VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE, including the branches of COCHLEAR NERVE and VESTIBULAR NERVE. Common examples are VESTIBULAR NEURITIS, cochlear neuritis, and ACOUSTIC NEUROMA. Clinical signs are varying degree of HEARING LOSS; VERTIGO; and TINNITUS.

Ability to determine the specific location of a sound source.

The time from the onset of a stimulus until a response is observed.

The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents that occurs as a result of one's occupation.

The measurement of magnetic fields over the head generated by electric currents in the brain. As in any electrical conductor, electric fields in the brain are accompanied by orthogonal magnetic fields. The measurement of these fields provides information about the localization of brain activity which is complementary to that provided by ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY. Magnetoencephalography may be used alone or together with electroencephalography, for measurement of spontaneous or evoked activity, and for research or clinical purposes.

Gradual bilateral hearing loss associated with aging that is due to progressive degeneration of cochlear structures and central auditory pathways. Hearing loss usually begins with the high frequencies then progresses to sounds of middle and low frequencies.

Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time.

Diseases caused by factors involved in one's employment.

The brain stem nucleus that receives the central input from the cochlear nerve. The cochlear nucleus is located lateral and dorsolateral to the inferior cerebellar peduncles and is functionally divided into dorsal and ventral parts. It is tonotopically organized, performs the first stage of central auditory processing, and projects (directly or indirectly) to higher auditory areas including the superior olivary nuclei, the medial geniculi, the inferior colliculi, and the auditory cortex.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Electronic hearing devices typically used for patients with normal outer and middle ear function, but defective inner ear function. In the COCHLEA, the hair cells (HAIR CELLS, VESTIBULAR) may be absent or damaged but there are residual nerve fibers. The device electrically stimulates the COCHLEAR NERVE to create sound sensation.

Sounds used in animal communication.

The ability to estimate periods of time lapsed or duration of time.

Sensorineural hearing loss which develops suddenly over a period of hours or a few days. It varies in severity from mild to total deafness. Sudden deafness can be due to head trauma, vascular diseases, infections, or can appear without obvious cause or warning.

Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.

Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.

An oval semitransparent membrane separating the external EAR CANAL from the tympanic cavity (EAR, MIDDLE). It contains three layers: the skin of the external ear canal; the core of radially and circularly arranged collagen fibers; and the MUCOSA of the middle ear.

A subfamily of the Muridae consisting of several genera including Gerbillus, Rhombomys, Tatera, Meriones, and Psammomys.

Surgically placed electric conductors through which ELECTRIC STIMULATION is delivered to or electrical activity is recorded from a specific point inside the body.

Behavioral manifestations of cerebral dominance in which there is preferential use and superior functioning of either the left or the right side, as in the preferred use of the right hand or right foot.

Differential response to different stimuli.

The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.

A common name used for the genus Cavia. The most common species is Cavia porcellus which is the domesticated guinea pig used for pets and biomedical research.

Surgical insertion of an electronic hearing device (COCHLEAR IMPLANTS) with electrodes to the COCHLEAR NERVE in the inner ear to create sound sensation in patients with residual nerve fibers.

A continuing periodic change in displacement with respect to a fixed reference. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

A genus of the subfamily CALLITRICHINAE occurring in forests of Brazil and Bolivia and containing seventeen species.

A general term for the complete loss of the ability to hear from both ears.

Imaging techniques used to colocalize sites of brain functions or physiological activity with brain structures.

A type of MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING that uses only one nuclear spin excitation per image and therefore can obtain images in a fraction of a second rather than the minutes required in traditional MRI techniques. It is used in a variety of medical and scientific applications.

Sensory cells in the organ of Corti, characterized by their apical stereocilia (hair-like projections). The inner and outer hair cells, as defined by their proximity to the core of spongy bone (the modiolus), change morphologically along the COCHLEA. Towards the cochlear apex, the length of hair cell bodies and their apical STEREOCILIA increase, allowing differential responses to various frequencies of sound.

The domestic cat, Felis catus, of the carnivore family FELIDAE, comprising over 30 different breeds. The domestic cat is descended primarily from the wild cat of Africa and extreme southwestern Asia. Though probably present in towns in Palestine as long ago as 7000 years, actual domestication occurred in Egypt about 4000 years ago. (From Walker's Mammals of the World, 6th ed, p801)

Abrupt changes in the membrane potential that sweep along the CELL MEMBRANE of excitable cells in response to excitation stimuli.

The range or frequency distribution of a measurement in a population (of organisms, organs or things) that has not been selected for the presence of disease or abnormality.

Age-related hearing loss, vitamin B-12, and folate in elderly women. (1/570)

BACKGROUND: Hearing impairment is 1 of the 4 most prevalent chronic conditions in the elderly. However, the biological basis of age-related hearing loss is unknown. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to test the hypothesis that age-related hearing loss may be associated with poor vitamin B-12 and folate status. DESIGN: A thorough audiometric assessment was conducted in 55 healthy women aged 60-71 y. Hearing function was determined by the average of pure-tone air conduction thresholds at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz and was categorized into 2 groups for logistic regression analyses: normal hearing (<20 dB hearing level; n = 44) and impaired hearing (> or = 20 dB hearing level; n = 11). RESULTS: Mean age was the same (65 y) for the normal hearing and impaired hearing groups. Pure-tone averages were inversely correlated with serum vitamin B-12 (r = -0.58, P = 0.0001) and red cell folate (r = -0.37, P = 0.01). Women with impaired hearing had 38% lower serum vitamin B-12 (236 compared with 380 pmol/L, respectively, P = 0.008) and 31% lower red cell folate (425 compared with 619 nmol/L, respectively, P = 0.02) than women with normal hearing. Among participants who did not take supplements containing vitamin B-12 or folate, women with impaired hearing had 48% lower serum vitamin B-12 (156 compared with 302 pmol/L, respectively, P = 0.0007) and 43% lower red cell folate (288 compared with 502 nmol/L, respectively, P = 0.001) than women with normal hearing. CONCLUSION: Poor vitamin B-12 and folate status may be associated with age-related auditory dysfunction. (+info)

A possible neurophysiological basis of the octave enlargement effect. (2/570)

Although the physical octave is defined as a simple ratio of 2:1, listeners prefer slightly greater octave ratios. Ohgushi [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 73, 1694-1700 (1983)] suggested that a temporal model for octave matching would predict this octave enlargement effect because, in response to pure tones, auditory-nerve interspike intervals are slightly larger than the stimulus period. In an effort to test Ohgushi's hypothesis, auditory-nerve single-unit responses to pure-tone stimuli were collected from Dial-anesthetized cats. It was found that although interspike interval distributions show clear phase-locking to the stimulus, intervals systematically deviate from integer multiples of the stimulus period. Due to refractory effects, intervals smaller than 5 msec are slightly larger than the stimulus period and deviate most for small intervals. On the other hand, first-order intervals are smaller than the stimulus period for stimulus frequencies less than 500 Hz. It is shown that this deviation is the combined effect of phase-locking and multiple spikes within one stimulus period. A model for octave matching was implemented which compares frequency estimates of two tones based on their interspike interval distributions. The model quantitatively predicts the octave enlargement effect. These results are consistent with the idea that musical pitch is derived from auditory-nerve interspike interval distributions. (+info)

Auditory and electroencephalographic effects of midazolam and alpha-hydroxy-midazolam in healthy subjects. (3/570)

AIMS: Whereas cortical EEG effects of benzodiazepines are well characterized, information about benzodiazepine effects in other areas of the central nervous system is sparse. This study investigated the action of midazolam and its active metabolite alpha-hydroxy-midazolam on different parts of the auditory pathway in six healthy volunteers in a randomized, double-blind, three-way cross-over study. METHODS: Acoustically evoked short (SLP) and middle (MLP) latency potentials, transitory evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE), and EEG power spectra were analysed after short i. v. injections of placebo, or 0.15 mg kg-1 midazolam, or alpha-hydroxy-midazolam, respectively. RESULTS: All subjects fell asleep during the 4 min infusion of active drug. SLP showed a significant transient increase of Jewett wave V 10 min after injection for midazolam and alpha-hydroxy-midazolam while the latency of wave I was unchanged. Both benzodiazepines induced a marked and long-lasting MLP amplitude decrease for 240 min with slow recovery over the following 360 min. No changes of TEOAE were observed. In agreement with earlier reports, increases in EEG beta activity and decreases in alpha activity were observed after administration of either drug. CONCLUSIONS: Systemically administered benzodiazepines modulate the auditory pathway above the level of the cochlea. While SLP changes were closely associated with sedation and high plasma benzodiazepine concentrations, MLP effects persisted for hours after sedation even at low benzodiazepine plasma levels. Evoked potentials may therefore be more sensitive than EEG as a tool to monitor benzodiazepine effects. (+info)

Functional specificity in the right human auditory cortex for perceiving pitch direction. (4/570)

Previous lesion and functional imaging studies in humans suggest a greater involvement of right rather than left auditory cortical areas in certain aspects of pitch processing. In the present study, adaptive psychophysical procedures were used to determine auditory perceptual thresholds in 14 neurologically normal subjects, and in 31 patients who had undergone surgical resection from either the right or left temporal lobe for the relief of intractable epilepsy. In a subset of the patients, the lesion encroached significantly upon the gyrus of Heschl or its underlying white matter as determined from MRI analysis. Subjects were asked to perform two different perceptual tasks on the same set of stimuli. In a pitch discrimination task, the subject had to decide whether two elements of a pure tone pair were the same or different. In a task requiring the judgement of direction of pitch change, subjects decided whether pitch rose or fell from the first tone to the second. Thresholds were determined by measuring the minimum pitch difference required for correct task performance. Mean thresholds in the pitch discrimination task did not differ between patient groups and control subjects. In contrast, patients with temporal lobe excisions that encroached upon the gyrus of Heschl in the right hemisphere (but not in the left) showed significantly elevated thresholds when judging the direction of pitch change. These findings support a specialization of function linked to right auditory cortical areas for the processing of pitch direction, and specifically suggest a dissociation between simple sensory discrimination and higher order perception. (+info)

Incidence of presbycusis of Korean populations in Seoul, Kyunggi and Kangwon provinces. (5/570)

Presbycusis, a bilateral sensorineural hearing loss caused by changes in the inner ear, is related to multiple factors such as noise exposure and otologic disease. In institute-based studies, we tried to determine the incidence of presbycusis in Korean populations living in Seoul, Kyunggi and Kangwon provinces by gender and age groups. The subjects were people who had visited health promotion centers. Pure tone audiometry was done over 20 years on 6,028 subjects. In a community-based study, the subjects were elderly residents of Kanghwa-do area. There were no obvious factors that could cause hearing impairment in the subjects. For the pure tone audiometry, hearing threshold was obtained by using the six-dimension method. The incidence of presbycusis for subjects aged 65 years and older was 37.8% and 8.3% for > or = 27 dB HL criterion and > or = 41 dB HL criterion, respectively. The incidence increased with age. A statistically significant difference in the hearing threshold was found between men and women aged 65 years or older. No differences were found between the community-based study and the institute- based studies. There was a high incidence (about 40%) of presbycusis among Koreans aged 65 years or older (for > or = 27 dB HL criterion). With an aging population, we anticipate that this report could be used to provide a basic data for the study of presbycusis. (+info)

Children's detection of pure-tone signals with random multitone maskers. (6/570)

Preschoolers and adults were asked to detect a 1000-Hz signal, which was masked by a multitone complex. The frequencies and amplitudes of the components in the complex varied randomly and independently on each presentation. A staircase, cued two-interval, forced-choice procedure disguised as a "listening game" was used to obtain signal thresholds in quiet and in the presence of the multitone maskers. The number of components in the masker was fixed within an experimental condition and varied from 2 to 906 across experimental conditions. Thresholds were also measured with a broadband noise masker. Eight preschool children and eight adults were tested. Although individual differences were large, among both adults and children, there was little difference between the groups in the mean amount of masking produced by the maskers with large numbers of components (400 and 906). There was also a small but significant difference between adults and children in the mean amount of masking produced by the broadband noise. The difference between the groups was much larger with smaller numbers of components. Data obtained from the adults were basically similar to that previously reported [cf. Neff and Green, Percept. Psychophys. 41, 409-415 (1987); Oh and Lutfi, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 104, 3489-3499 (1998)]: maskers comprised of 10-40 components produced as much as 30 to 60 dB of masking in some, but not all listeners. Those same maskers produced larger amounts of masking (70-83 dB) in many of the preschool children, although, as in the adult group, individual differences were large. The component-relative-entropy (CoRE) model [Lutfi, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 94, 748-758 (1993)] was used to describe the differences in performance between the children and adults. According to this model the average child appears to integrate information over a larger number of auditory filters than the average adult. (+info)

Hearing restoration from deafness after resection of a large cerebellopontine angle meningioma--case report. (7/570)

A 61-year-old man presented with a large cerebellopontine angle meningioma manifesting as a 1-year history of deafness on the right side, in whom hearing was restored from the deaf state immediately after tumor resection. Neuroimaging demonstrated a large mass in the right cerebellopontine angle, originating at the region adjacent to the jugular foramen. Audiometry showed his hearing was off-scale (> 105 dB) on the right. The tumor was successfully removed through the retrosigmoid approach, and the integrity of the 7th and 8th cranial nerves was maintained. The patient regained hearing on the day after the operation, which continued to improve until near-normal. The 8th cranial nerve function may recover dramatically after removal of non-acoustic tumors, even if preoperative hearing loss is profound. To maximize the opportunity to regain hearing, approaches which devastate cochlear function should be avoided and more meticulous manipulation during tumor removal is needed. (+info)

Occurrence and risk of cochleotoxicity in cystic fibrosis patients receiving repeated high-dose aminoglycoside therapy. (8/570)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) patients receive repeated courses of aminoglycoside therapy. These patients would consequently be expected to be more susceptible to cochleotoxicity, a recognized side effect with single courses of aminoglycoside therapy. The primary aim of this retrospective study was to establish the incidence and severity of auditory deficit in CF patients. Standard (0.25- to 8-kHz) and high-frequency (10- to 16-kHz) pure-tone audiometry was carried out in 70 CF patients, and the results were compared with the results from 91 control subjects. These subjects were further divided into pediatric and adult groups. Of 70 CF patients, 12 (1 pediatric) displayed hearing loss considered to be caused by repeated exposure to aminoglycosides. There was a nonlinear relationship between the courses of therapy received and the incidence of hearing loss. The severity of the loss did not appear to be related to the number of courses received. Assuming the risk of loss to be independent for each course, preliminary estimates of per course risk of hearing loss were less than 2%. Upon comparison with previous clinical studies and experimental work, these findings suggest that the incidence of cochleotoxicity in CF patients is considerably lower than would be expected, suggesting that the CF condition may confer protection against aminoglycoside cochleotoxicity. (+info)

Pure Tone Audiometry , Silber Records (2003) Or you could just go through your whole life… , Darla Records (2002) Morning One ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jon_DeRosa

SSHL is diagnosed via pure tone audiometry. If the test shows a loss of at least 30 dB in three adjacent frequencies, the ... The most common type of hearing test is pure tone audiometry (PTA). It charts the thresholds of hearing sensitivity at a ... There is also high frequency pure tone audiometry which tests frequencies from 8000-20,000 Hz. PTA can be used to differentiate ... Identification of sensorineural hearing loss is usually made by performing a pure tone audiometry (an audiogram) in which bone ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensorineural_hearing_loss

Other tests would include pure-tone and speech audiometry. AN patients can have a range of hearing thresholds with difficulty ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auditory_neuropathy

pure tone audiometry in Meniere's disease from General Practice Notebook. Retrieved 2012 pure tone audiometry in noise deafness ... pure tone audiometry in otosclerosis from General Practice Notebook. Retrieved 2012 Kashio, A.; Ito, K.; Kakigi, A.; Karino, S ... Hearing range Equal-loudness contour Minimum audibility curve Articulation index Pure tone audiometry Hearing (sense) Audiology ... This is referred to as conditioned play audiometry. Visual reinforcement audiometry is also used with children. When the child ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audiogram

Audiology Audiogram Audiometry Hearing test Pure tone audiometry IEC 60645-1. (November 19, 2001) "Audiometers. Pure-tone ... Bekesy audiometry typically yields lower thresholds and standard deviations than pure tone audiometry. Audiometer requirements ... An audiometer typically transmits recorded sounds such as pure tones or speech to the headphones of the test subject at varying ... The most common type of audiometer generates pure tones, or transmits parts of speech. Another kind of audiometer is the Bekesy ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audiometer

Pure tone audiometry should be performed to effectively evaluate hearing in both ears. In some clinics the clinical criteria ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestibular_schwannoma

In pure tone audiometry, an audiometer is used to play a series of tones using headphones. The participants listen to the tones ... Some hearing tests include the whispered speech test, pure tone audiometry, the tuning fork test, speech reception and word ... When two simple tones are put together they create a complex tone. The simple tones of an instrument are called harmonics or ... The test will play with the volume controls and the participant is asked to signal when he or she can no longer hear the tone ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimulus_modality

It was found that OAEs were more sensitive to identifying noise-induced cochlear damage than pure tone audiometry. In ... a composer who used this phenomenon in her music Pure tone audiometry The Hum Kemp, D. T. (1 January 1978). "Stimulated ... Stimulus-frequency OAEs (SFOAEs) are measured during the application of a pure-tone stimulus and are detected by the vectorial ... brief duration pure tone) stimulus. The evoked response from a click covers the frequency range up to around 4 kHz, while a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otoacoustic_emission

"The Relevance of the High Frequency Audiometry in Tinnitus Patients with Normal Hearing in Conventional Pure-Tone Audiometry". ... Since most persons with tinnitus also have hearing loss, a pure tone hearing test resulting in an audiogram may help diagnose a ... a pure steady tone such as that heard during a hearing test, or sounds that slightly resemble human voices, tunes, songs, or ... Spontaneous otoacoustic emissions (SOAEs), which are faint high-frequency tones that are produced in the inner ear and can be ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinnitus

However, this type of hearing impairment is often undetectable by conventional pure tone audiometry, thus the name "hidden" ... The overall prevalence of hearing loss (defined as a pure‐tone average threshold across frequencies 1000, 2000, 3000, and 4000 ... "Distributions of pure-tone hearing threshold levels among adolescents and adults in the United States by gender, ethnicity, and ... As race and ethnicity are some of the factors that can affect the expected distribution of pure-tone hearing thresholds several ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noise-induced_hearing_loss

Pure-tone audiometry screening, in which there is typically no attempt to find threshold, has been found to accurately assess ... pure-tone audiometry screening, and otoacoustic emissions (OAEs). Otoscopy is useful in the examination of the external ear, ... OAEs can be used in populations where responses to pure-tone audiometry are either unable to be obtained or results are ... ASHA) (1985). Guidelines for identification audiometry. ASHA, 27(5), 49-52. World Health Organization (WHO). (1997). Report of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audiology_and_hearing_health_professionals_in_developed_and_developing_countries

... as measured with pure tone audiometry. Using this test, auditory agnosia patients were often reported capable of detecting pure ... The primary distinction between auditory agnosia and cerebral deafness is the ability to detect pure tones, ... Iizuka O, Suzuki K, Endo K, Fujii T, Mori E (April 2007). "Pure word deafness and pure anarthria in a patient with ... and confirmed intact pure tone perception. Similarly, Barrett's aphasic patient, who was incapable of comprehending speech, had ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auditory_agnosia

Psychoacoustics Pure tone audiometry Hearing Loss by Robert Thayer Sataloff. ... Articulation index Audiogram Audiology Audiometry A-weighting Equal-loudness contour Hearing range Hearing (sense) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimum_audibility_curve

Tests of auditory system (hearing) function include pure tone audiometry, speech audiometry, acoustic reflex, ... which is pure vertical/torsional). Central pathology can cause disequilibrium, which is the sensation of being off balance. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertigo

... assess the sensitivity of hearing and the results of this test should always be viewed in conjunction with pure tone audiometry ... The instrument changes the pressure in the ear, generates a pure tone, and measures the eardrum responses to the sound at ... A tone of 226 Hz is generated by a probe tip inserted into the external ear canal, where the sound strikes the tympanic ... While 226 Hz is the most common probe tone, others can be used. In infants under 4 months of age, research has shown a 1000 Hz ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tympanometry

... is a health-care professional technician who has received special training in the use of Pure tone audiometry equipment. An ... "Audiometric Officer Course - Audiometry Courses, Occupational Audiometry, WorkCover Approved, The Hearing Company". www. ... Hearing Audiometry Audiometer Audiogram Audiologist Audiology Hearing test Hearing loss Occupational Health "Archived copy". ... The word "Audiometrist" is derived from the word Audiometry, as distinct from Audiology. However, the title audiometrist is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audiometrist

Pure-tone audiometry for air conduction thresholds at 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, 6000 and 8000 Hz is traditionally used to ... A hearing test administered by a medical doctor, otolaryngologist (ENT) or audiologist including pure tone audiometry and ... One early consequence is that even young adults may lose the ability to hear very high frequency tones above 15 or 16 kHz. ... Abilities of young people to hear high frequency tones inaudible to those over 25 or so has led to the development of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presbycusis

It is also used in various kinds of audiometry, including pure tone audiometry, and the standard hearing test to test each ear ... Combination tones can interact with primary tones resulting in secondary combination tones due to being like their original ... An example of this is 3F1 - 2F2 Secondary combination tones are again similar to the combination tones of the primary tone. Off ... For example, a powerful spike at 1 kHz will tend to mask out a lower-level tone at 1.1 kHz. Also, two sine tones at 440 and 450 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auditory_masking

Pure tone audiometry, a standardized hearing test over a set of frequencies from 250 Hz to 8000 Hz, may be conducted by a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conductive_hearing_loss

The standard and most common type of hearing test is pure tone audiometry, which measures the air and bone conduction ... Unlike a pure-tone audiogram, the WIN test may provide a more functional test of a person's hearing in a situation that is ... noise masking effect of tone signals Advantages of the audiometry conducted with a specialized application or hearing aid ... In this test a probe is placed in the ear and a loud tone, greater than 70 dBSPL, is produced. The test measures the reflexive ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hearing_test

... as indexed through pure tone audiometry). These symptoms may lead to difficulty attending to auditory information causing many ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amblyaudia

In pure-tone audiometry, this manifests as air-bone gaps on the audiogram (i.e. a difference of more than 10 dB between the air ... On audiometry, the hearing loss is characteristically low-frequency, with higher frequencies being affected later. ... Carhart, R (1950). "Clinical application of bone conduction audiometry". Archives of Otolaryngology. 51 (6): 798-808. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otosclerosis

... the same concept in vision Mel scale Pure tone audiometry Robinson-Dadson curves Sound level meter Weighting filter Suzuki, ... However, research in the 1960s demonstrated that determinations of equal-loudness made using pure tones are not directly ... Fletcher and Munson adjusted the reference tone until the listener perceived that it was the same loudness as the test tone. ... "A re-determination of the equal-loudness relations for pure tones", Br. J. Appl. Phys. 7 (1956), pp.166-181. Yôiti Suzuki, et ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equal-loudness_contour

... technique to detect gravitational waves Pure tone audiometry, hearing test Purified terephthalic acid, organic compound used to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PTA

... audiometry MeSH E01.370.382.375.060.050 - audiometry, evoked response MeSH E01.370.382.375.060.055 - audiometry, pure-tone MeSH ... E01.370.382.375.060.060 - audiometry, speech MeSH E01.370.382.375.060.060.750 - speech discrimination tests MeSH E01.370. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(E01)

In clinical audiology, pure tones are used for pure tone audiometry to characterize hearing thresholds at different frequencies ... In this situation, the instantaneous phase of the pure tone varies linearly with time. If a pure tone gives rise to a constant ... Sound localization is often more difficult with pure tones than with other sounds. Pure tones have been used by 19th century ... musical tones are perceived as a set of pure tones. The percept of pitch depends on the frequency of the most prominent tone, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pure_tone

In conjunction with pure-tone audiometry, it can aid in determining the degree and type of hearing loss. Speech audiometry also ... Immittance audiometry is superior to pure tone audiometry in detecting middle ear pathology. Tympanometry Acoustic reflex ... Audiometry of children Conditioned play audiometry Behavioral observation audiometry Visual reinforcement audiometry Objective ... A pure tone audiometry hearing test is the gold standard for evaluation of hearing loss/disability. Other types of hearing ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audiometry

Pure-tone audiometry is described as the gold standard for assessment of a hearing loss but how accurate pure-tone audiometry ... Pure tone audiometry or pure-tone audiometry is the main hearing test used to identify hearing threshold levels of an ... published Guidelines for Manual Pure-Tone Threshold Audiometry in 2005. There are cases where conventional pure-tone audiometry ... Pure-tone audiometry provides ear specific thresholds, and uses frequency specific pure tones to give place specific responses ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pure_tone_audiometry

"A comparison of pure tone auditory thresholds in human infants and adults". Infant Behavior and Development. 6 (1): 3-17. doi: ... Visual reinforcement audiometry (VRA) is a key behavioural test for evaluating hearing in young children. First introduced by ... which is when audiologists introduce Conditioned Play Audiometry. Conditioned orientation reflex (COR) is a variant of VRA ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_reinforcement_audiometry

TEOAE is used first to determine the optimum OAE response frequency, after which the pair of pure tones is deployed in a DPOAE ... The displacement can be measured with common tympanometers used for impedance audiometry that are portable and relatively ... This article may require copy editing for grammar, style, cohesion, tone, or spelling. You can assist by editing it. (January ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-invasive_intracranial_pressure_measurement_methods

Tests of auditory system (hearing) function include pure tone audiometry, speech audiometry, acoustic reflex, ... which is pure vertical/torsional).[16][20] Central pathology can cause disequilibrium which is the sensation of being off ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertigo

See also: Audiometry, Pure tone audiometry, Auditory brainstem response, and Otoacoustic emissions ... an instrument used to measure hearing by producing pure tone sounds through a range of frequencies) may not be detected. In ... In conjunction with speech audiometry, it may indicate central auditory processing disorder, or the presence of a schwannoma or ... Total hearing loss or Cophosis: average tone loss is equal or more than 120 dB HL ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deaf

The absolute threshold of hearing (ATH) is the minimum sound level of a pure tone that an average human ear with normal hearing ... Manual of Practical Audiometry: Volume 2 (Practical Aspects of Audiology). Chichester: Whurr Publishers. Kidd G. 2002. ... one with a tone and one without a tone. Listener must decide which interval had the tone in it. The number of the intervals can ... Finally, since the tone is always present, "yes" is always the correct answer. Method of constant stimuli In the method of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolute_threshold_of_hearing

Flamme GA, Deiters K, Needham T (March 2011). "Distributions of pure-tone hearing threshold levels among adolescents and adults ... In conjunction with speech audiometry, it may indicate central auditory processing disorder, or the presence of a schwannoma or ... an instrument used to measure hearing by producing pure tone sounds through a range of frequencies) may not be detected. In ... As race are some of the factors that can affect the expected distribution of pure-tone hearing thresholds several other ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hearing_loss

Yeowart, N. S.; M. J. Evans (1974). "Thresholds of audibility for very low-frequency pure tones". J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 55 (4): ... a review of audiometry and hypothesized structure-function relationships". Biological Reviews. 95 (4): 1036-1054. doi:10.1111/ ... Yeowart, NS; Evans, MJ (1974). "Thresholds of audibility for very low-frequency pure tones". J Acoust Soc Am. 55 (4): 814-818. ... Behavioral responses do not increase for pure tone stimuli that are similar to recorded infrasonic calls in frequency and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perception_of_infrasound

This was the first site in Great Britain to have a permanent Western Electric Audiometer that used pure-tone testing rather ... and her pioneering work shaping the discipline of audiometry. Phyllis Margaret Tookey was born in April 1901, the only daughter ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phyllis_Margaret_Tookey_Kerridge

Ashihara, Kaoru (2007-09-01). "Hearing thresholds for pure tones above 16kHz". The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America ... Audiology Audiometry The Mosquito Seismic communication Minimum audibility curve Musical acoustics 20 to 20,000 Hz corresponds ... The present results show that some humans can perceive tones up to at least 28 kHz when their level exceeds about 100 dB SPL. ... Sounds that seem loud to humans often emit high-frequency tones that can scare away dogs. Whistles which emit ultrasonic sound ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hearing_range

These guidelines were developed by the Working Group on Manual Pure-Tone Threshold Audiometry, under the office of the Vice ... Guidelines for Manual Pure-Tone Threshold Audiometry. Working Group on Manual Pure-Tone Threshold Audiometry. About this ... Pure-tone threshold audiometry is the measurement of an individuals hearing sensitivity for calibrated pure tones. Three ... The guidelines presented in this document are limited to manual pure-tone audiometry. Sound field audiometry using loudspeakers ...

https://www.asha.org/policy/gl2005-00014.htm

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pure_tone_audiometry

... which controls and specifies the intensity of tones ... more ... Pure tone and speech audiometry: This consists of an oscillator ... What is the role of pure tone and speech audiometry in the workup of myringitis?) and What is the role of pure tone and speech ... Pure tone and speech audiometry: This consists of an oscillator, or signal generator; an amplifier; and an attenuator, which ... What is the role of pure tone and speech audiometry in the workup of myringitis?. Updated: Oct 19, 2018 ...

https://www.medscape.com/answers/858558-156246/834281-overview

Moreover, Web-based pure-tone audiometry may be used for self-monitoring of hearing, especially if tests are to be conducted ... Web-based pure-tone audiometry can be used without previous training in its conducting. However, it requires the knowledge of ... Pure-tone air-conduction and bone-conduction threshold audiometry with and without masking. 2011. Recommended Procedure URL: ... The potential application of pure-tone audiometry conducted on a PC depends on the value of the measurement error. The PC-based ...

http://www.jmir.org/2013/4/e71/

In conjunction with pure-tone audiometry, it can aid in determining the degree and type of hearing loss. Speech audiometry also ... Immittance audiometry is superior to pure tone audiometry in detecting middle ear pathology. *Tympanometry ... Pure tone audiometry and audiograms[edit]. Following development of the induction coil in 1849 and audio transducers (telephone ... Pure tone audiometry is a standardized hearing test in which air conduction hearing thresholds in decibels (db) for a set of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audiometry

Pure-tone audiometry. The most widely used assessment procedure in clinical audiology is known as pure-tone audiometry. The ... there is a level above which the pure tone is always heard and a lower level where the tone is never heard. The threshold of ... In air-conduction testing, a pure tone is presented via an earphone (or a loudspeaker). The signal travels through the air in ... During the procedure, a pure tone is produced, and air pressure is changed inside the ear with a handheld instrument. The ...

https://www.britannica.com/science/audiology

Pure tone Audiometry is a hearing test done to check hearing loss in adults. Understand more about PTA testing, its importance ... 1. Pure Tone Audiometry. PTA or pure tone audiometry is a hearing test accepted worldwide as a standard protocol for ... Pure Tone Audiometry. If you suspect a loss, the first thing your doctor shall advice you is to undergo Hearing Tests. These ... The Audiometry test graph is basically represented on X-Y axis. The X axis represents the frequencies on which the pure tones ...

http://www.indiaspeechandhearing.com/blog/hearing-tests/

Pure tone audiometry. Pure tone audiometry checks how well you can hear sounds at different volumes and pitches. During this ... Play audiometry. Play audiometry needs your childs cooperation, so it is used with children who are 3 to 5 years of age. ... Behavioural audiometry. Behavioural audiometry watches how a baby behaves in response to certain sounds. It is usually used ... Visual reinforcement audiometry (VRA). VRA is used most often for children between 6 months and 3 years old. Your child is ...

http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/diagnosis-and-treatment/tests-and-procedures/hearing-tests/?region=nl

Pure tone audiometry* The audiologist presents sounds at different volumes and pitches into the persons ears. ... Visual reinforcement audiometry (VRA). This test is used most often for children between 6 months and 3 years of age.* The ... Play audiometry. This test requires the childs cooperation, so it is used with children 3-5 years of age.* Sounds at different ... Behavioural audiometry. This test observes the behaviour of the infant in response to certain sounds. It must be used with ABR ...

http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/diagnosis-and-treatment/tests-and-procedures/hearing-exam/?region=ns

Pure tone audiometry. A machine called an audiometer generates sounds at different volumes and frequencies. Sounds are played ... Play audiometry. The child performs a simple task in response to sound to show the tester that they have heard it. The sound ...

https://www.hse.ie/eng/health/az/h/hearing-and-vision-tests-for-children/introduction.html

An audiometry test involves testing of hearing. There are many reasons, preparation steps and types of hearing test depending ... Pure tone audiometry. An audiometer is used to play different tones that you can hear through headphones. The intensity and ... Audiometry Test. An audiometry or a hearing test is a ear examination that is done to check a persons hearing ability by ... The term bone conducted audiometry comes into play in these tests.. Reasons Why It is Conducted These hearing tests are done ...

http://www.medicalhealthtests.com/audiometry.html

Pure Tone Audiometry. Pure tone audiometry was measured over an extended frequency range from 125 Hz to 16 kHz (specifically, ... The relevance of the high frequency audiometry in tinnitus patients with normal hearing in conventional pure-tone audiometry. ... High frequency pure tone audiometry (HFA) examines hearing thresholds up to 16 (in our case) or 20 kHz. Our elderly ... In the case of pure-tone audiometry, the tonal stimuli were generated by the audiometer. In the remaining tests, the signals ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnagi.2019.00026/full

Pure Tone Audiometry. Why is my ear rumbling following a throat infection? What could cause hearing loss? Why am I not able to ... Audiometry will see if you have any associated hearing loss and tympanometry will see if there is any middle ear infection that ...

https://www.icliniq.com/qa/pure-tone-audiometry

However, pure tone audiometry-the gold standard-is rather time-consuming and costly for large population-based studies. We have ... Assessing hearing loss in older adults with a single question and person characteristics; Comparison with pure tone audiometry ... can be used to assess HL in absence of pure tone audiometry. METHODS:. This study was performed within 4,906 participants of ... Pure Tone Average 0.5, 1, 2 & 4 kHz) ≥20dBHL and moderate HL or worse as ≥35dBHL. A univariable linear regression model was ...

https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/portal/resource/pt/mdl-31986178

View fee, user feedback & book appointment with Pure Tone Audiometry Test doctors on DoctoriDuniya ... Pure Tone Audiometry Test in Agra near me. ... Pure Tone Audiometry Test in Agra. ENT is the branch of ... pure tone audiometry test in agra - Book Online Appointment/Online Consultation. .basic3 { background-color: #16A085; margin: ...

https://www.doctoriduniya.com/agra/pure-tone-audiometry-test/services

Pure Tone Audiometry (PTA). (PTA) is the key hearing measurement used to identify hearing threshold levels of an individual, ... The pure-tone average air-conduction threshold of the normal ear should be no greater than 20 dB measured at 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 ... A pure-tone average (PTA) bone-conduction threshold measured at 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 kHz is mild to moderate (35-65 dB HL) ... A convenient summary of the audiogram for each ear is the pure-tone average (PTA) of thresholds measured at specific ...

https://www.wellmark.com/Provider/MedpoliciesAndAuthorizations/MedicalPolicies/policies/implantable_bone_conduction_hearingaid.aspx

What is pure tone audiometry?. Pure tone audiometry is a test is to get a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the patients ... How is pure tone audiometry done?. Pure tone audiometry is carried out in a sound proof room. Air conduction thresholds for ... What are the aims of pure tone audiometry?. * Analysis of the patients hearing loss (conductive hearing loss, sensorineural ... Procedures Surgeries - Pure Tone Audiometry. ... Hearing Test - Pure Tone Audiometry. *Laryngeal Scopy - ...

http://specialist-ent.com/procedures-surgeries/pure-tone-audiometry.aspx

Pure tone audiometry. Cisplatin hearing loss begins in the high tone 8 kHz range and progresses down the frequencies into the ... High frequency audiometry. Extended high frequency audiometry is not readily available but testing the 9-20 kHz range could ...

https://www.starship.org.nz/for-health-professionals/national-guidelines-paediatric-oncology-and-haematology/o/ototoxicity-and-hearing-loss/

Pure tone audiometry. A machine called an audiometer plays a series of tones through headphones. The tones change in pitch and ... Then the tone will get louder until you can hear it again. If you can hear the tone, you signal by raising your hand or ... Most hearing tests ask you to respond to a series of tones or words. But there are some hearing tests that do not require a ... Again, you will signal each time you hear a tone.. Speech reception and word recognition tests. In these tests, you hear a ...

https://www.adventisthealthcare.com/living-well/library/topic/?id=tv8475

0208T Pure tone audiometry (threshold), automated; air only. 0209T Pure tone audiometry (threshold), automated; air and bone. ... 0210T Speech audiometry threshold, automated. 0211T Speech audiometry threshold, automated; with speech recognition. 0212T ... Turn to Category III Codes for Automated Audiometry. CPT® 2011 adds five Category III codes to describe automated audiometry ... Comprehensive audiometry threshold evaluation and speech recognition (0209T, 0211T combined), automated. For audiometric ...

https://www.aapc.com/blog/10909-cpt-2011-covers-the-latest-in-ent-procedures/

0208T Pure tone audiometry (threshold), automated; air only. 0209T Pure tone audiometry (threshold), automated; air and bone ... 0211T Speech audiometry threshold, automated; with speech recognition. 0212T Comprehensive audiometry threshold evaluation and ... Turn to Category III Codes for Automated Audiometry. CPT® 2011 adds five Category III codes to describe automated audiometry ...

https://www.aapc.com/blog/22958-cpt-2011-the-latest-in-ent-procedures/

Pure-Tone Audiometry and Masking Maureen Valente. 255 pages, Color Illustrations (4 Color), Softcover, 5 x 7.5" ...

https://www.pluralpublishing.com/publication_mpbd.htm

Pure-Tone Audiometry and Masking. First Edition. Maureen Valente Auditory Steady-State Response: Generation, Recording, and ...

https://www.pluralpublishing.com/browse-by-subject/audiology/clinical-electrophysiology

Pure-Tone Audiometry and Masking Maureen Valente. 255 pages, Color Illustrations (4 Color), Softcover, 5 x 7.5" ...

http://pluralpublishing.com/publication_apgtqi.htm

Pure-Tone Audiometry and Masking Maureen Valente. 255 pages, Color Illustrations (4 Color), Softcover, 5 x 7.5" ... Review of Audiometry. Special Testing and Hearing Aid Fitting. Hearing Aid Types. Hearing Aid Amplification in the Pediatric ...

http://pluralpublishing.com/publication_hl.htm

The results of the pure tone audiometry comparisons showed significant differences in T patients compared to NT patients. In ... The results of the pure tone audiometry comparisons showed significant differences in T patients compared to NT patients. In ... In speech audiometry only CHL patients with high pitched tinnitus showed lower thresholds compared to NT patients thresholds. ... In speech audiometry, only CHL patients with high-pitched tinnitus showed lower thresholds compared to NT patients thresholds ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2017.00031/full

Pure tone audiometry. Pure tone audiometry uses a machine called an audiometer to play a series of tones through headphones. ... You signal by raising your hand or pressing a button every time you hear a tone, even if the tone you hear is very faint. The ... You can hear tones at equal loudness in both ears.. *You are able to repeat 90% to 95% of the words in a word recognition test. ... Again, you will signal each time you hear a tone.. Tuning fork tests. A tuning fork is a metal, two-pronged device that makes a ...

https://www.lmh.org/wellness/health-library/document-viewer/?id=tv8475

Pure-tone audiometry. During this hearing test, patients are subjected to high and low tones, each at different volumes. The ... If pure-tone audiometry is now conducted on an otosclerosis patient, the auditory threshold curve for air conduction reduces ... In otosclerosis patients, the auditory threshold curve displays a Carharts notch, which appears at tone frequencies of 1500 Hz ... with every tone frequency. This is due to the hardened ossicles and associated hearing impairment or conductive hearing loss. ...

https://www.hear.com/useful-knowledge/otosclerosis/

Auditory thresholds were measured with pure tone audiometry. Noise intensity was significant for auditory thresholds. However, ... literature survey; exposure evaluation; pure-tone audiometry; long-term study; hearing threshold. ...

http://www.ilo.org/dyn/cisdoc2/cismain.details?p_lang=en&p_doc_id=110308

Tympanometry (also called impedance audiometry) checks how the middle ear is working. (cancer.ca)
Audiometry will see if you have any associated hearing loss and tympanometry will see if there is any middle ear infection that is causing hearing loss. (icliniq.com)
Almost all patients with tinnitus should undergo audiometry with tympanometry, and some patients require neuroimaging or assessment of vestibular function with electronystagmography. (aafp.org)
Study participants underwent tympanometry, pure tone and speech audiometry, transient evoked otoacoustic emissions, and brainstem auditory evoked potentials, with blood lead monitoring over a period of 35.5 months. (scielo.br)
Was it tympanometry or pure tone audiometry or both? (medhelp.org)
If I could know the results of the audiometry, tympanometry and CT scan, I would be in a better position to comment on the possible cause of your symptoms. (medhelp.org)
02. Integrate theoretical knowledge about tympanometry, acoustic reflex testing and speech audiometry assessment techniques and apply this knowledge in generating sound clinical hypotheses. (edu.au)
Otoscopic examination, pure tone audiometry and tympanometry were normal. (ispub.com)

The listener's hearing threshold level (hearing level), in decibels (dB), is plotted on a chart known as a pure-tone audiogram, with hearing level plotted on the ordinate (vertical axis) as a function of signal frequency on the abscissa (horizontal axis). (britannica.com)
Therefore, raised hearing levels, representing decreased hearing, are plotted lower on the pure-tone audiogram chart. (britannica.com)
A hearing test may also be called audiometry or an audiogram. (cancer.ca)
A hearing exam is also called an audiogram or audiometry. (cancer.ca)
They cover pure-time audiometry , speech audiometry , immittance testing, and audiogram workbook. (thefreedictionary.com)

There are variations of conventional audiometry testing that are designed specifically for young children and infants, such as behavioral observation audiometry, visual reinforcement audiometry and play audiometry. (wikipedia.org)
Play audiometry needs your child's cooperation, so it is used with children who are 3 to 5 years of age. (cancer.ca)
Hearing tests used for toddler include EOAE and ABR, as well as VRA and play audiometry. (cancer.ca)

Pure-tone audiometry only measures audibility thresholds, rather than other aspects of hearing such as sound localization and speech recognition. (wikipedia.org)
Pure-tone audiometry provides ear specific thresholds, and uses frequency specific pure tones to give place specific responses, so that the configuration of a hearing loss can be identified. (wikipedia.org)
Once this is done, the audiologist performs a bone conduction test in which a small vibrator is put on the mastoid region and similar pure tones are presented and thresholds obtained. (indiaspeechandhearing.com)
The American Speech-Language-Hearing Association has defined degree of hearing loss based on pure-tone average detection thresholds as mild (20-40 dB), moderate (40-60 dB), severe (60-80 dB), and profound (≥80 dB). (wellmark.com)
In speech audiometry, only CHL patients with high-pitched tinnitus showed lower thresholds compared to NT patients' thresholds. (frontiersin.org)
Auditory thresholds were measured with pure tone audiometry. (ilo.org)
Pure-tone audiometric thresholds are expressed in dB HL (hearing level) and are referred to hearing thresholds of normal hearing young individuals. (europa.eu)
It has a closer correlation with behavioral audiometry thresholds than BERA. (medscape.com)
Hearing loss (HL) was defined as a change in pure tone audiometry (PTA) thresholds, auditory brainstem response (ABR), and auditory P300 parameters. (dovepress.com)
Thresholds are determined for tones with frequencies starting at about 125 Hz and increasing in frequency by octaves or half-octaves to about 8000 Hz. (medindia.net)
Pure tone average is calculated as the average of thresholds (softest sound heard) at the 500 Hz, 1000 Hz and 2000 Hz for each ear and this average is used to determine the type and severity of hearing loss in the ear for the particular ear. (medindia.net)
Pure tone thresholds should be confirmed with tuning-fork tests prior to surgery for documentation of true hearing loss. (medscape.com)
Exposure to a high-dose gentamicin regimen in the neonatal period was not associated with an increase in hearing thresholds in schoolchildren being able to complete audiometry. (aappublications.org)

These guidelines were developed by the Working Group on Manual Pure-Tone Threshold Audiometry, under the office of the Vice President for Professional Practices in Audiology of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) and were approved by the ASHA Legislative Council in November 2005. (asha.org)
In the United Kingdom, The British Society of Audiology (BSA) is responsible for publishing the recommended procedure for pure-tone audiometry, as well as many other audiological procedures. (wikipedia.org)
The most widely used assessment procedure in clinical audiology is known as pure-tone audiometry. (britannica.com)

All patients were eligible to have standard pure tone audiometry performed across the frequency range of 0.25 to 8 kHz. (nih.gov)
To analyze the cochleovestibular clinical examination findings in a group of patients with tinnitus and normal hearing (standard pure-tone audiometry). (scielo.cl)

For special purposes, extended high-frequency audiometry may be used for frequencies of 9000 to 16000 Hz. (asha.org)
Conventional audiometry tests frequencies between 250 hertz (Hz) and 8 kHz, whereas high frequency audiometry tests in the region of 8 kHz-16 kHz. (wikipedia.org)
Therefore, high frequency audiometry is an effective method of monitoring losses that are suspected to have been caused by these factors. (wikipedia.org)
Extended high frequency audiometry is not readily available but testing the 9-20 kHz range could identify hearing loss before speech frequencies are affected. (starship.org.nz)
High-frequency pure tone audiometry over 10 to 16 kHz was also performed with a subset of patients. (nih.gov)
Similar results were obtained for the subset of 63/168 patients who underwent high-frequency audiometry. (nih.gov)
We assessed hearing with pure tone audiometry including the extended high-frequency (EHF) range. (aappublications.org)

For clinical purposes, the hearing threshold is usually measured for single frequency tones at discrete frequencies from 500 Hz to 8,000 Hz, in octave or half-octave intervals, and reported in step sizes of 5 dB. (britannica.com)
The X axis represents the frequencies on which the pure tones are presented and Y axis represents the loudness of the sounds in decibels. (indiaspeechandhearing.com)
Pure-tone average is calculated by averaging hearing sensitivities (ie, the minimum volume that a patient hears) at multiple frequencies (perceived as pitch), typically within the range of 0.25 to 8 kHz. (wellmark.com)
Cisplatin hearing loss begins in the high tone 8 kHz range and progresses down the frequencies into the audible range. (starship.org.nz)
An instrument for measuring hearing activity for pure tones of normally audible frequencies. (thefreedictionary.com)
The human ear is not equally sensitive to sounds (tones) of the same sound pressure levels but different frequencies . (europa.eu)

The third was the Manual Pure-Tone Threshold Audiometry Guidelines (1976), adopted by ASHA in November 1977. (asha.org)
The American Speech-Hearing-Language Association (ASHA) Guidelines for Manual Pure-Tone Threshold Audiometry contain procedures for accomplishing hearing threshold measurement with pure tones that are applicable in a wide variety of settings. (asha.org)
Diagnostic standard pure-tone threshold audiometry, used most often in clinical settings, includes manual air-conduction measurements at 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 6000, and 8000 Hz (125 Hz under some circumstances) plus bone-conduction measurements at octave intervals from 250 Hz to 4000 Hz and at 3000 Hz as needed. (asha.org)
Pure-tone threshold audiometry is used for both diagnostic and monitoring purposes. (asha.org)
Pure-tone threshold audiometry is the measurement of an individual's hearing sensitivity for calibrated pure tones. (asha.org)
Pure tone audiometry or pure-tone audiometry is the main hearing test used to identify hearing threshold levels of an individual, enabling determination of the degree, type and configuration of a hearing loss and thus providing a basis for diagnosis and management. (wikipedia.org)
Pure-tone audiometry is a subjective, behavioural measurement of a hearing threshold, as it relies on patient responses to pure tone stimuli. (wikipedia.org)
In the United States, the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) published Guidelines for Manual Pure-Tone Threshold Audiometry in 2005. (wikipedia.org)
There are cases where conventional pure-tone audiometry is not an appropriate or effective method of threshold testing. (wikipedia.org)
Exposure to excess noise is first observed as an increase in the threshold of hearing (threshold shift), as assessed by audiometry [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
The threshold shifts between the pre- and post-game audiometry were statistically significant in the left ear at 500 (p=.019), 2000 (p=.0009), 3000 (p (cdc.gov)

The manual audiometry is done by an Audiologist , who adjusts the frequency and the loudness levels and records the lowest sound responded by the subject at each frequency. (medindia.net)

An audiometer is used to play different tones that you can hear through headphones. (medicalhealthtests.com)
A machine called an audiometer plays a series of tones through headphones. (adventisthealthcare.com)
Data were collected using a HEINE Mini 3000 ® Otoscope to examine the eardrum and presence of earwax, an Entomed SA201-IV portable pure-tone audiometer to measure the pure-tone average (PTAV), a logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution chart to measure visual acuity (VA), and the Combined Serious Sensory Impairment interview guide. (dovepress.com)
The instrument used for performing Audiometry is called an Audiometer, a device capable of generating pure tone signals that can be adjusted in both frequency and intensity, independently. (medindia.net)

The audiologist or other provider will change the pitch and loudness of the tones at different points during the test. (medlineplus.gov)

155 ears were classified as truly impaired and 445 as truly hearing based on the pure tone audiometry assessment. (bmj.com)
01. Integrate theoretical knowledge about diagnostic pure tone audiometric assessment techniques and apply this knowledge in generating sound clinical hypotheses. (edu.au)
There is limited knowledge about the relationship between self-assessment and standardized tests, such as the pure-tone audiometry and visual acuity (VA) tests, in the 80+ cohort. (dovepress.com)

Through lectures and online workshop activities, you will learn how to take case histories, perform otoscopy, pure tone audiometry, acoustic immittance tests as well as speech discrimination tests. (edu.au)

Because pure-tone audiometric results have significant influence on the medical, legal, educational, occupational, social, and psychological outcomes, it is critical that procedures be standardized and consistent among test providers. (asha.org)
Therefore, pure-tone audiometry is only used on adults and children old enough to cooperate with the test procedure. (wikipedia.org)
However, there are benefits to using pure-tone audiometry over other forms of hearing test, such as click auditory brainstem response (ABR). (wikipedia.org)
PTA or pure tone audiometry is a hearing test accepted worldwide as a standard protocol for determining hearing levels or hearing loss. (indiaspeechandhearing.com)
The Audiometry test graph is basically represented on X-Y axis. (indiaspeechandhearing.com)
The interpretation of audiometry test is quite elaborate however for a layman it can be understood in two ways i.e. severity of hearing loss and type of hearing loss. (indiaspeechandhearing.com)
An audiometry or a hearing test is a ear examination that is done to check a person's hearing ability by measuring the sound that finally reaches the brain. (medicalhealthtests.com)
If someone feels that he might be experiencing hearing loss, then the doctor might conduct an audiometry test to check the extent of hearing loss and the reasons behind it. (medicalhealthtests.com)
Currently, No result found in Agra for Pure Tone Audiometry Test. (doctoriduniya.com)
Pure tone audiometry is a test is to get a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the patients hearing. (specialist-ent.com)
During this hearing test, patients are subjected to high and low tones, each at different volumes. (hear.com)
Audiometry is a test that measures how well you can hear. (memorialhealth.com)
Older children are given a fun version of the pure tone audiometry test. (memorialhealth.com)
Pure tone audiometry and caloric test in patients with herpes zoster oticus were performed to determine the biologic features of the varicella zoster virus (VZV) and the pathogenesis of vestibulocochlear nerve disease in herpes zoster oticus . (bvsalud.org)
Pure-tone test , also known as audiometry. (medlineplus.gov)
This test can be combined with pure tone audiometry to give a more complete picture of your child's hearing. (healthlinkbc.ca)
Objectives This study directly compared the accuracy of two audiometry-based tests for screening school children for hearing impairment: the currently used test, pure tone screen and a device newly applied to children, HearCheck Screener. (bmj.com)
Differences between the pure tone average (PTA) (ie, the number of dB of hearing loss at 500, 1000, and 2000 Hz averaged) and the SRT of more than 5-10 dB should bring into question the reliability of the test. (medscape.com)
Audiometry test can be performed to decide if a person is suitable and can benefit from cochlear implant surgery. (medindia.net)

Sounds can vary by volume or loudness (intensity) and the speed of sound wave vibrations (tone). (cancer.ca)
The tones change in pitch and loudness. (adventisthealthcare.com)
Your doctor will reduce the loudness of a tone until you can no longer hear it. (adventisthealthcare.com)
Isophonic curves relate the characteristic of a given tone expressed in dB SPL to its subjective loudness level expressed in phones (see figure 1 below). (europa.eu)
The intensity or loudness of the tone is measured in decibels or dB. (medindia.net)

Pure tone audiometry checks how well you can hear sounds at different volumes and pitches. (cancer.ca)

Potential methods of application of self-administered Web-based pure-tone audiometry conducted at home on a PC with a sound card and ordinary headphones depend on the value of measurement error in such tests. (jmir.org)

Main outcome measures Sensitivity and specificity of the pure tone screen and HearCheck tests based on pure tone audiometry result as reference standard. (bmj.com)
Conclusion Pure tone screen was better than HearCheck with respect to sensitivity but inferior with respect to specificity. (bmj.com)
Different decibel measures are used in audiometry (evaluation of hearing sensitivity) than in sound pressure measurement. (europa.eu)
Audiometry is a non-invasive and painless procedure to measure hearing sensitivity of an individual. (medindia.net)
Pure tone audiometry measuring your hearing sensitivity in each ear. (timesonline.com)

As pure-tone audiometry uses both air and bone conduction audiometry, the type of loss can also be identified via the air-bone gap. (wikipedia.org)
The term bone conducted audiometry comes into play in these tests. (medicalhealthtests.com)
Findings on audiometry were consistent with a conductive hearing loss bilaterally, with an air-bone gap of 40 to 60 dB. (thefreedictionary.com)
Audiometry revealed a conductive hearing loss, as the air-conduction pure-tone average (PTA) was 41 dB and the bone-conduction PTA was 10 dB. (thefreedictionary.com)

To this end, we conducted a retrospective study on anonymized pure tone and speech audiometric data from patients of the ENT hospital Erlangen in which we compare audiometric data between patients with and without tinnitus. (frontiersin.org)
The inclusion criteria were as follows: the exposure to noise was measured in sound pressure levels (SPLs) and expressed in individual equivalent decibel values (L EX,8h ), the studies included both exposed and reference groups, the outcome was a permanent health effect, i.e., permanent hearing loss assessed with pure-tone audiometry and/or permanent tinnitus assessed with a questionnaire. (mdpi.com)
Patients with chronic tinnitus should undergo pure tone audiometry. (aafp.org)

In the future, modifications of the method leading to the decrease in measurement error can broaden the scope of Web-based pure-tone audiometry application. (jmir.org)
As with any psychophysical measurement, there is a level above which the pure tone is always heard and a lower level where the tone is never heard. (britannica.com)

Audiometry revealed a mild to moderate conductive hearing loss. (thefreedictionary.com)

In current practice, the A- weighting curve filter is used to weight sound pressure levels as a function of frequency, approximately in accordance with the frequency response characteristics of the human auditory system for pure tones. (europa.eu)

The historical antecedents of pure-tone audiometry were the classical tuning fork tests. (asha.org)
The obtained results confirm the possibility of applying Web-based pure-tone audiometry in screening tests. (jmir.org)
Most hearing tests ask you to respond to a series of tones or words. (adventisthealthcare.com)
The hearing tests may include pure-tone audiometry and speech audiometry tests. (drugs.com)
Most tests check for your response to tones or words delivered at different pitches, volumes, and/or noise environments. (medlineplus.gov)
The audiometry-based screening tests, pure tone screen and HearCheck Screener were directly compared in the same sample of children. (bmj.com)

You'll be asked to tell the provider whenever you hear the tone at different volumes, or if you heard the sound in your left ear, right ear, or both equally. (medlineplus.gov)

Speech audiometry is important to document integrity of speech discrimination. (medscape.com)

Sound field audiometry may be more suitable when patients are unable to wear earphones, as the stimuli are usually presented by loudspeaker. (wikipedia.org)
The results of the pure tone audiometry comparisons showed significant differences in T patients compared to NT patients. (frontiersin.org)
Nineteen patients were excluded from analysis due to abnormal baseline audiometry. (nih.gov)
Pure-tone audiometry was performed both preoperatively and postoperatively on 67 patients who underwent microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm during the study period. (thejns.org)
Preoperative audiometry should be performed in all patients undergoing stapedectomy. (medscape.com)

Behavioural audiometry watches how a baby behaves in response to certain sounds. (cancer.ca)

A series of tones will be sent to your headphones. (medlineplus.gov)

It is recorded from a higher auditory level than electrocochleography (ECochG) or brainstem electric response audiometry (BERA) and, therefore, is less subject to organic neurologic disorders. (medscape.com)

The tone of a single frequency, called pure tone, is presented into the ear canal through an earphone. (medindia.net)

Sound field audiometry using loudspeakers is not addressed in this document. (asha.org)
In addition, response to pure tone stimuli may be limited, because in a sound field pure tones create standing waves, which alter sound intensity within the sound field. (wikipedia.org)
Therefore, it may be necessary to use other stimuli, such as warble tones in sound field testing. (wikipedia.org)
Pure tone audiometry is carried out in a sound proof room. (specialist-ent.com)
Breakthroughs like digital and wireless technology are assuring people a richer, more pure sound quality than ever before. (healthyhearing.com)

Although pure-tone audiometry has many clinical benefits, it is not perfect at identifying all losses, such as 'dead regions' of the cochlea and neuropathies such as auditory processing disorder (APD). (wikipedia.org)

We have investigated if self -reported hearing loss , using a multiple choice question, can be used to assess HL in absence of pure tone audiometry . (bvsalud.org)
Mild hearing loss or worse was defined as PTA0.5-4(Pure Tone Average 0.5, 1, 2 & 4 kHz) ≥20dBHL and moderate HL or worse as ≥35dBHL. (bvsalud.org)
A single question cannot substitute audiometry , but it can assess hearing loss on a population level with reasonable accuracy. (bvsalud.org)
According to the latest data of WHO, there are 360 million people-over 5% of the world's population-suffering from hearing loss, with 32 million are children ( http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs300/en/ ). (hindawi.com)

and an attenuator, which controls and specifies the intensity of tones produced. (medscape.com)

Pure tone audiometry confirmed absence of any hearing abnormality. (ispub.com)

Anatomy16

Organisms5

Diseases21

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment28

Psychiatry and Psychology21

Phenomena and Processes15

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Humanities1

Health Care6

Age-related hearing loss, vitamin B-12, and folate in elderly women. (1/570)

A possible neurophysiological basis of the octave enlargement effect. (2/570)

Auditory and electroencephalographic effects of midazolam and alpha-hydroxy-midazolam in healthy subjects. (3/570)

Functional specificity in the right human auditory cortex for perceiving pitch direction. (4/570)

Incidence of presbycusis of Korean populations in Seoul, Kyunggi and Kangwon provinces. (5/570)

Children's detection of pure-tone signals with random multitone maskers. (6/570)

Hearing restoration from deafness after resection of a large cerebellopontine angle meningioma--case report. (7/570)

Occurrence and risk of cochleotoxicity in cystic fibrosis patients receiving repeated high-dose aminoglycoside therapy. (8/570)

Audiometry

Audiometry, Pure-Tone

Audiometry, Evoked Response

Auditory Threshold

Hearing Loss, High-Frequency

Hearing Disorders

Acoustic Impedance Tests

Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced

Hearing Loss

Hearing Tests

Noise, Occupational

Hearing

Tinnitus

Acoustic Stimulation

Otoacoustic Emissions, Spontaneous

Hearing Loss, Sensorineural

Ear Protective Devices

Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem

Auditory Fatigue

Pitch Discrimination

Hearing Loss, Conductive

Audiometry, Speech

Noise

Pitch Perception

Bone Conduction

Evoked Potentials, Auditory

Auditory Perception

Auditory Cortex

Psychoacoustics

Otoscopy

Auditory Diseases, Central

Sound

Reflex, Acoustic

Tympanoplasty

Auditory Pathways

Neural Analyzers

Music

Hearing Aids

Auditory Perceptual Disorders

Ear Diseases

Vestibular Diseases

Vertigo

Otosclerosis

Cochlear Nerve

Stapes Surgery

Loudness Perception

Hearing Loss, Functional

Speech Perception

Hearing Loss, Bilateral

Vestibular Function Tests

Sound Spectrography

Muscle Tonus

Tectum Mesencephali

Cochlea

Electronystagmography

Ear, Middle

Voice

Olivary Nucleus

Ear

Textile Industry

Inferior Colliculi

Perceptual Masking

Basilar Membrane

Echolocation

Chiroptera

Semicircular Canals

Neuroma, Acoustic

Signal Detection, Psychological

Vestibulocochlear Nerve Diseases

Sound Localization

Reaction Time

Occupational Exposure

Magnetoencephalography

Presbycusis

Cross-Sectional Studies

Occupational Diseases

Cochlear Nucleus

Time Factors

Cochlear Implants

Vocalization, Animal