AU Rich Elements
Hu Paraneoplastic Encephalomyelitis Antigens
RNA Stability
Encyclopedias as Topic
3' Untranslated Regions
RNA, Messenger
Perspectives on the ARE as it turns 25 years old. (1/25)
(+info)Tristetraprolin inhibits poly(A)-tail synthesis in nuclear mRNA that contains AU-rich elements by interacting with poly(A)-binding protein nuclear 1. (2/25)
(+info)Multilevel regulation of HIF-1 signaling by TTP. (3/25)
(+info)dTIS11 Protein-dependent polysomal deadenylation is the key step in AU-rich element-mediated mRNA decay in Drosophila cells. (4/25)
(+info)AU-rich elements in the 3'-UTR regulate the stability of the 141 amino acid isoform of parathyroid hormone-related protein mRNA. (5/25)
(+info)AUF1/hnRNP D is a novel protein partner of the EBER1 noncoding RNA of Epstein-Barr virus. (6/25)
(+info)The p38/MK2-driven exchange between tristetraprolin and HuR regulates AU-rich element-dependent translation. (7/25)
(+info)The ribosome binding site of a mini-ORF protects a T3SS mRNA from degradation by RNase E. (8/25)
(+info)AU rich elements, also known as AREs (AU-rich elements) or AUUUA elements, are conserved sequences found in the 3' untranslated regions (3' UTRs) of many eukaryotic mRNAs. The core consensus sequence of an ARE is a repeated motif of the nucleotides A/U and U/A, often arranged as AUUUA.
These elements are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression, particularly in the stability and degradation of mRNA. AREs can interact with various RNA-binding proteins and miRNAs that modulate mRNA turnover, either promoting or inhibiting its decay.
mRNAs containing AU rich elements are often associated with genes involved in rapid cellular responses, such as growth factors, cytokines, and transcription factors. The instability of these mRNAs allows for quick adjustments in protein levels in response to changing environmental or developmental signals.
Hu paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis antigens are a group of neuronal intracellular antigens associated with paraneoplastic neurological disorders (PNDs). PNDs are a group of rare, degenerative conditions that affect the nervous system and can occur in patients with cancer. The Hu antigens are part of a family of proteins known as onconeural antigens, which are expressed in both cancer cells and normal neurons.
The Hu antigens include three main proteins: HuD, HuC, and Rb/p75. These proteins are involved in the regulation of gene expression and are found in the nucleus and cytoplasm of neuronal cells. In patients with PNDs associated with Hu antigens, the immune system mistakenly recognizes these antigens as foreign and mounts an immune response against them. This leads to inflammation and damage to the nervous system, resulting in various neurological symptoms such as muscle weakness, sensory loss, and autonomic dysfunction.
Paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis is a specific type of PND that affects both the brain (encephalitis) and spinal cord (myelitis). It is often associated with small cell lung cancer but can also occur in other types of cancer. The presence of Hu antibodies in the blood or cerebrospinal fluid is a useful diagnostic marker for this condition, although not all patients with Hu-associated PNDs will have detectable Hu antibodies.
RNA stability refers to the duration that a ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecule remains intact and functional within a cell before it is degraded or broken down into its component nucleotides. Various factors can influence RNA stability, including:
1. Primary sequence: Certain sequences in the RNA molecule may be more susceptible to degradation by ribonucleases (RNases), enzymes that break down RNA.
2. Secondary structure: The formation of stable secondary structures, such as hairpins or stem-loop structures, can protect RNA from degradation.
3. Presence of RNA-binding proteins: Proteins that bind to RNA can either stabilize or destabilize the RNA molecule, depending on the type and location of the protein-RNA interaction.
4. Chemical modifications: Modifications to the RNA nucleotides, such as methylation, can increase RNA stability by preventing degradation.
5. Subcellular localization: The subcellular location of an RNA molecule can affect its stability, with some locations providing more protection from ribonucleases than others.
6. Cellular conditions: Changes in cellular conditions, such as pH or temperature, can also impact RNA stability.
Understanding RNA stability is important for understanding gene regulation and the function of non-coding RNAs, as well as for developing RNA-based therapeutic strategies.
An encyclopedia is a comprehensive reference work containing articles on various topics, usually arranged in alphabetical order. In the context of medicine, a medical encyclopedia is a collection of articles that provide information about a wide range of medical topics, including diseases and conditions, treatments, tests, procedures, and anatomy and physiology. Medical encyclopedias may be published in print or electronic formats and are often used as a starting point for researching medical topics. They can provide reliable and accurate information on medical subjects, making them useful resources for healthcare professionals, students, and patients alike. Some well-known examples of medical encyclopedias include the Merck Manual and the Stedman's Medical Dictionary.
3' Untranslated Regions (3' UTRs) are segments of messenger RNA (mRNA) that do not code for proteins. They are located after the last exon, which contains the coding sequence for a protein, and before the poly-A tail in eukaryotic mRNAs.
The 3' UTR plays several important roles in regulating gene expression, including:
1. Stability of mRNA: The 3' UTR contains sequences that can bind to proteins that either stabilize or destabilize the mRNA, thereby controlling its half-life and abundance.
2. Localization of mRNA: Some 3' UTRs contain sequences that direct the localization of the mRNA to specific cellular compartments, such as the synapse in neurons.
3. Translation efficiency: The 3' UTR can also contain regulatory elements that affect the translation efficiency of the mRNA into protein. For example, microRNAs (miRNAs) can bind to complementary sequences in the 3' UTR and inhibit translation or promote degradation of the mRNA.
4. Alternative polyadenylation: The 3' UTR can also contain multiple alternative polyadenylation sites, which can lead to different lengths of the 3' UTR and affect gene expression.
Overall, the 3' UTR plays a critical role in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression, and mutations or variations in the 3' UTR can contribute to human diseases.
Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a type of RNA (ribonucleic acid) that carries genetic information copied from DNA in the form of a series of three-base code "words," each of which specifies a particular amino acid. This information is used by the cell's machinery to construct proteins, a process known as translation. After being transcribed from DNA, mRNA travels out of the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm where protein synthesis occurs. Once the protein has been synthesized, the mRNA may be degraded and recycled. Post-transcriptional modifications can also occur to mRNA, such as alternative splicing and addition of a 5' cap and a poly(A) tail, which can affect its stability, localization, and translation efficiency.
A base sequence in the context of molecular biology refers to the specific order of nucleotides in a DNA or RNA molecule. In DNA, these nucleotides are adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T). In RNA, uracil (U) takes the place of thymine. The base sequence contains genetic information that is transcribed into RNA and ultimately translated into proteins. It is the exact order of these bases that determines the genetic code and thus the function of the DNA or RNA molecule.
AU-rich element
AREsite
Messenger RNA
Three prime untranslated region
MicroRNA
Mir-223
RNA-binding protein database
CUGBP1
CRYZL1
Exosome complex
HuD (protein)
ELAV-like protein 1
Exosome component 2
HSUR
HNRPD
Transmembrane protein 134
Lactate dehydrogenase A
MEX3D
Tumor necrosis factor
ZFP36
Poly(A)-specific ribonuclease
Exosome component 9
KHSRP
ZFAND5
Proline isomerization in epigenetics
Hsp27
Interferon Lambda 3
PPP1R3A
Kaang Bong-kiun
Exosome component 1
AU-rich element - Wikipedia
p38 Mitogen-activated protein kinase stabilizes mRNAs that contain cyclooxygenase-2 and tumor necrosis factor AU-rich elements...
AUF1 promotes stemness in human mammary epithelial cells through stabilization of the EMT transcription factors TWIST1 and...
HNRNPDL heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein D like [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI
Regulation of AU-rich element RNA binding proteins by phosphorylation and the prolyl isomerase Pin1<...
Frontiers | RNase T2 in Inflammation and Cancer: Immunological and Biological Views
CDD Conserved Protein Domain Family: RRM2 HuD
Rich JN[au] - Search Results - PubMed
Re: The one element schema language
144 Targeting Bcl 2 Regulated Apoptosis In Cancer PPTs View free & download | PowerShow.com
The MISO Sequence Ontology Browser - THREE PRIME UTR
Rick Snell - Profiles | University of Tasmania
RNA-binding proteins distinguish between similar sequence motifs to promote targeted deadenylation by Ccr4-Not | eLife
Carla SCHMIDT | Group Leader | Professor | Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz | JGU | Research profile
Recombinant Anti-HuR / ELAVL1 antibody [EPR17397] - BSA and Azide free KO Tested (ab242410)
GEO Accession viewer
Frontiers | Plant 3' Regulatory Regions From mRNA-Encoding Genes and Their Uses to Modulate Expression
The Tristetraprolin Family of RNA-Binding Proteins in Cancer: Progress and Future Prospects
Navigate to: Publications
Find Research outputs - University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
Revd Richard Carter Archives - Page 3 of 21 - St Martin-in-the-Fields
Publication : USDA ARS
Who We Fund: Publications associated with Basic Cellular And Molecular Research - Human Genetics / Gene X Environment...
EN
Reactome | KSRP [cytosol]
WikiGenes - Hyal5 - hyaluronoglucosaminidase 5
EXOSC1 Monoclonal Antibody (OTI1H9) (CF808518)
11 Poor Habits That Will Keep You From Getting Rich
Integral Options Cafe: 11/01/2015 - 11/08/2015
Geochemical data for stream water samples from streams around the Pogo Deposit and Black Mountain Au occurrences, Big Delta...
AREs5
- AU-rich elements (AREs) in 3'-untranslated regions of mRNAs confer instability. (ox.ac.uk)
- Here, we reconstitute accelerated and selective deadenylation of RNAs containing AU-rich elements (AREs) and Pumilio-response elements (PREs). (elifesciences.org)
- An alternative strategy to reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines in the relevant tissues is to promote degradation of multiple cytokine mRNAs because these mRNAs possess AU-rich elements (AREs) and that their stabilities are largely controlled by ARE binding proteins. (usda.gov)
- RNP-IP assay and dual-luciferase reporter assay identified that SNAI1 mRNA directly bound to HuR through an AU-rich elements (AREs) dependent way. (ku.edu)
- Overexpression of the RNA-binding protein HuR (ELAVL1) occurs during colon tumorigenesis and is abnormally present within the cytoplasm, where it post-transcriptionally regulates genes through its interaction with 3'UTR AU-rich elements (AREs). (oncotarget.com)
MRNA5
- HuD also functions as an important regulator of mRNA expression in neurons by interacting with AU-rich RNA element (ARE) and stabilizing multiple transcripts. (nih.gov)
- The 3' regulatory regions have a great diversity of cis -regulatory elements directly involved in polyadenylation, stability, transport and mRNA translation, essential to achieve the desired levels of gene expression. (frontiersin.org)
- The polyadenylation site (PAS), point from which the pre-mRNA is cleaved and polyadenylated, is defined by surrounding cis- elements ( Tian and Manley, 2016 ). (frontiersin.org)
- Mechanistically, these proteins function by binding to the AU-rich elements within the 3'-untranslated regions of their target mRNAs and, in turn, increasing mRNA turnover. (nih.gov)
- Murine Spam1 mRNA: involvement of AU-rich elements in the 3'UTR and antisense RNA in its tight post-transcriptional regulation in spermatids. (wikigenes.org)
Proteins6
- Similar to other RNA-binding proteins, this class of proteins contain three RRMs, two of which are specific to ARE elements. (wikipedia.org)
- Shen, ZJ & Malter, JS 2015, ' Regulation of AU-rich element RNA binding proteins by phosphorylation and the prolyl isomerase Pin1 ', Biomolecules , vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 412-434. (elsevierpure.com)
- In addition, after transcription, a wide array of RNA-binding proteins interacts with cis -acting elements located mainly in the 3' untranslated region, determining the fate of mRNAs in eukaryotic cells. (frontiersin.org)
- On the 24th of August 2022, Mrs Dobrochna Dolicka successfully defended her PhD thesis entitled " AU-rich elements-binding proteins in fatty liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma " . (unige.ch)
- Recent evidence suggests that alterations of certain proteins that regulate gene expression, AU-rich elements-binding proteins AUBPs, may favor the development of chronic liver diseases and their progression towards cancer. (unige.ch)
- Post-transcriptional damping of inflammatory mRNAs is mediated by a set of RNA binding proteins (RBPs) interacting with cis -elements, such as AU-rich elements (ARE) and stem-loop structures. (go.jp)
MRNAs2
- p38 Mitogen-activated protein kinase stabilizes mRNAs that contain cyclooxygenase-2 and tumor necrosis factor AU-rich elements by inhibiting deadenylation. (ox.ac.uk)
- The accumulation of 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR), AU-rich element (ARE) containing mRNAs, are predominantly controlled at the post-transcriptional level. (elsevierpure.com)
20212
- A sermon preached at St Martin-in-the-Fields on Sunday 7 March 2021 by Revd Richard Carter. (stmartin-in-the-fields.org)
- This data release is the result of a hydrogeochemical sampling campaign during summer 2021 to investigate whether high resolution geochemical analysis of waters for element chemistry can be used as an exploration tool for identifying gold-rich occurrences in parts of the Big Delta B-1 and B-2 quadrangles, within the Yukon-Tanana Upland region, Alaska. (usgs.gov)
RNAs1
- The mammalian exosome is required for rapid degradation of AU rich element-containing RNAs but not for poly(A) shortening. (thermofisher.com)
Helicase1
- Previous publications reported this helicase to associate with AU-rich elements and to specifically unwind G-quadruplex structures. (nih.gov)
20171
- Since November 2017 Rick has been Chair of The Unconformity - an award winning heritage and arts festival and organization based in Queenstown, Tasmania. (edu.au)
Characterization1
- AREsite-a database for ARE containing genes-has recently been developed with the aim to provide detailed bioinformatic characterization of AU-rich elements. (wikipedia.org)
Protein2
- The AU-rich element RNA-binding protein 1 (AUF1) is an RNA-binding protein, which can both stabilize and destabilize the transcripts of several cancer-related genes. (nature.com)
- Homo sapiens HuD protein in complex with AU-rich element, contacts at 4A. (nih.gov)
Cours2
- RÉSUMÉ Au cours des 50 dernières années, des efforts systématiques ont été déployés pour étendre et améliorer les services de traitement des individus souffrant de troubles liés à la consommation de substances psychoactives, par le biais de l'élaboration d'une base de données factuelles visant à orienter les pratiques. (who.int)
- Au cours de l'élaboration de cette note d'orientation, divers documents ont été examinés. (who.int)
Gene6
- Class I ARE elements, like the c-fos gene, have dispersed AUUUA motifs within or near U-rich regions. (wikipedia.org)
- Class II elements, like the GM-CSF gene, have overlapping AUUUA motifs within or near U-rich regions. (wikipedia.org)
- Class III elements, like the c-jun gene, are a much less well-defined class-they have a U-rich region but no AUUUA repeats. (wikipedia.org)
- Some of these problems have been listed below: The c-fos gene produces a transcription factor that is activated in several cancers, and it lacks the ARE elements. (wikipedia.org)
- c-myc gene, also responsible for producing transcription factors found in several cancers, has also been reported to lack the ARE elements. (wikipedia.org)
- Projects include annotating genomes and/or specific gene families, developing bioinformatics tools/workflows for assessing and tidying genome assemblies, and identifying/characterising ultraconserved elements. (edu.au)
Upstream1
- and although less conserved, plants also have polyadenylation signals: far upstream element (FUE), near upstream element (NUE) and the cleavage element (CE) ( Xing and Li, 2011 ). (frontiersin.org)
20201
- A sermon preached at St Martin-in-the-Fields on 1 November 2020 led by Revd Richard Carter. (stmartin-in-the-fields.org)
Abstract1
- abstract = "We revisit the abundances of neutron-capture elements in the metal-poor ([Fe/H] = -2.9) r-process-rich halo star CS 31082-001. (lu.se)
Regulation2
- Rick has also successfully supervised 7 PhDs in a number of areas including Freedom of Information, Open Data, Biometric regulation, environmental regulation and legal education. (edu.au)
- A complex interaction between the cleavage and polyadenylation molecular complex and cis -elements determine the polyadenylation site, which may result in the choice of non-canonical sites, resulting in alternative polyadenylation events, involved in the regulation of more than 80% of the genes expressed in plants. (frontiersin.org)
Compounds2
Mineral5
- Both areas have known gold-rich mineral occurrences. (usgs.gov)
- We start with lepidolite, a lithium-rich mineral found throughout Australia. (www.csiro.au)
- Lepidolite is a purple-lilac coloured, lithium-rich mineral. (www.csiro.au)
- Lepidolite is not only a stunning mica mineral with a scaly appearance, but also a major source of lithium, rubidium, and other rare elements. (www.csiro.au)
- Commonly a beautiful lilac to light purple in colour, lepidolite is a mineral rich in lithium. (www.csiro.au)
Sequence1
- The best characterised adenylate uridylate (AU)-rich Elements have a core sequence of AUUUA within U-rich sequences (for example WWWU(AUUUA)UUUW where W is A or U). This lies within a 50-150 base sequence, repeats of the core AUUUA element are often required for function. (wikipedia.org)
Waters2
- Previous studies of waters in the Pogo area (western part of current study) utilized conventional analytical methods not capable of measuring low concentrations of many elements (Wang et al. (usgs.gov)
- 1973. Incidence, variability and controlling factors for trace elements in natural, fresh waters. (cdc.gov)
Found2
- Typically the PGMs are found combined together in rich ore. (machinedesign.com)
- No elements found. (wob.com)
Multiple2
- Rick is a multiple University of Tasmania Teaching Excellence Award winner and received a 2008 National Citation for Teaching but more importantly he loves to teach. (edu.au)
- The decision to treat ureteral duplication surgically requires the consideration of multiple elements (see Treatment ). (medscape.com)
HUMAN1
- Polyunsaturated fatty acids in human nutrition / editors, Umberto Bracco, Richard J. Deckelbaum. (who.int)
Book2
- Well according to Tom Corley, my good friend and co-author of my book Rich Habits Poor Habits , it's likely to be your poor habits. (propertyupdate.com.au)
- He then differentiated what he calls "rich habits" and "poverty habits" - essentially, the tendencies of both groups - which he details in his new book, " Change Your Habits , Change Your Life. (propertyupdate.com.au)
Research1
- Teaching and research are intertwined, or concomitant, elements of his professional life. (edu.au)
Note2
- Note: This record shows only 22 elements of the WHO Trial Registration Data Set. (who.int)
- La présente note d'orientation a pour objectif de passer en revue les interventions disponibles pour la prise en charge des troubles liés à la consommation de substances psychoactives, d'examiner les bases factuelles pour ces interventions dont le guide d'intervention du Programme d'action de l'OMS : Combler les lacunes en santé mentale (mhGAP), et d'effectuer des recommandations concernant le traitement de ces troubles. (who.int)
Good1
- It's not only good for drawing and freehand writing, but also manipulating tiny elements on the screen when my fingers are clumsy at it. (tug.org)
Factors1
- AU-rich elements and associated factors: are there unifying principles? (wikipedia.org)
Current1
- In the current study, water samples were collected from 36 stream sample sites, with a focus on streams around Black Mountain to the east and the Pogo Au deposit area to the west. (usgs.gov)
High1
- A precious metal is a rare metallic element of high economic value. (machinedesign.com)
Form1
- A radionuclide is a radioactive form of an element, which means it is an unstable atom that becomes more stable by releasing. (msdmanuals.com)
Screen1
- Mouse over screen elements for information. (nih.gov)
Features1
- McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS) consists of at least two of the following three features: (1) polyostotic fibrous dysplasia (PFD), (2) café-au-lait skin pigmentation (see the image below), and (3) autonomous endocrine hyperfunction (eg, gonadotropin-independent precocious puberty ). (medscape.com)
Terms1
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from previously treated patients ( n = 88) from all regions of Syrian Arab Republic were characterized in terms of antibiotic sensitivity and genotyping using double-repetitive- element polymerase chain reaction (DRE-PCR) method for the proximity of the repetitive DNA elements IS 6110 (a mobile genetic element) and PGRS. (who.int)
University1
- Rick Snell is an Associate Professor in law at the University of Tasmania. (edu.au)
Skin2
- This rich, nice-smelling hand cream gives robust protection and relief for very dry skin, especially when it's exposed to the elements. (thebodyshop.com)
- The effectiveness of The Body Shop's Hemp Hand Protector for ultra-dry skin lies in its rich formulation. (thebodyshop.com)
Line1
- Stereocilia, which are rich in actin, line the inner ear and bend in response to sound waves. (medlineplus.gov)
Critical1
- 2. Ensuring sustainable financing is a critical element of attaining universal health coverage, and therefore contributing to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). (who.int)
Core1
- The recommendations within this policy brief incorporate the core recommendations on substance use disorder elements included in the mhGAP intervention guide. (who.int)
Brain1
- The effects of a polyphenol-rich blackcurrant drink on markers of the gut-brain axis in healthy females: A randomised double-blind cross-over intervention trial. (who.int)