Includes two similar disorders: oppositional defiant disorder and CONDUCT DISORDERS. Symptoms occurring in children with these disorders include: defiance of authority figures, angry outbursts, and other antisocial behaviors.
A disorder characterized by episodes of vigorous and often violent motor activity during REM sleep (SLEEP, REM). The affected individual may inflict self injury or harm others, and is difficult to awaken from this condition. Episodes are usually followed by a vivid recollection of a dream that is consistent with the aggressive behavior. This condition primarily affects adult males. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p393)
A behavior disorder originating in childhood in which the essential features are signs of developmentally inappropriate inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Although most individuals have symptoms of both inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity, one or the other pattern may be predominant. The disorder is more frequent in males than females. Onset is in childhood. Symptoms often attenuate during late adolescence although a minority experience the full complement of symptoms into mid-adulthood. (From DSM-V)
The medical science that deals with the origin, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of mental disorders in children.
Behavior which may be manifested by destructive and attacking action which is verbal or physical, by covert attitudes of hostility or by obstructionism.
A personality disorder whose essential feature is a pervasive pattern of disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others that begins in childhood or early adolescence and continues into adulthood. The individual must be at least age 18 and must have a history of some symptoms of CONDUCT DISORDER before age 15. (From DSM-IV, 1994)
Categorical classification of MENTAL DISORDERS based on criteria sets with defining features. It is produced by the American Psychiatric Association. (DSM-IV, page xxii)
Child with one or more parents afflicted by a physical or mental disorder.
Disturbances considered to be pathological based on age and stage appropriateness, e.g., conduct disturbances and anaclitic depression. This concept does not include psychoneuroses, psychoses, or personality disorders with fixed patterns.
Focusing on certain aspects of current experience to the exclusion of others. It is the act of heeding or taking notice or concentrating.
Persons functioning as natural, adoptive, or substitute parents. The heading includes the concept of parenthood as well as preparation for becoming a parent.
Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of thought, feeling, and behavior producing either distress or impairment of function.
Studies in which variables relating to an individual or group of individuals are assessed over a period of time.
The presence of co-existing or additional diseases with reference to an initial diagnosis or with reference to the index condition that is the subject of study. Comorbidity may affect the ability of affected individuals to function and also their survival; it may be used as a prognostic indicator for length of hospital stay, cost factors, and outcome or survival.
Standardized procedures utilizing rating scales or interview schedules carried out by health personnel for evaluating the degree of mental illness.
A central nervous system stimulant used most commonly in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER in children and for NARCOLEPSY. Its mechanisms appear to be similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The d-isomer of this drug is referred to as DEXMETHYLPHENIDATE HYDROCHLORIDE.
Any observable response or action of a child from 24 months through 12 years of age. For neonates or children younger than 24 months, INFANT BEHAVIOR is available.
Movements or behaviors associated with sleep, sleep stages, or partial arousals from sleep that may impair sleep maintenance. Parasomnias are generally divided into four groups: arousal disorders, sleep-wake transition disorders, parasomnias of REM sleep, and nonspecific parasomnias. (From Thorpy, Sleep Disorders Medicine, 1994, p191)
A series of thoughts, images, or emotions occurring during sleep which are dissociated from the usual stream of consciousness of the waking state.
The application of modern theories of learning and conditioning in the treatment of behavior disorders.
The strengthening of a response with a social reward such as a nod of approval, a parent's love or attention.
A treatment that suppresses undesirable behavior by simultaneously exposing the subject to unpleasant consequences.
Moving oneself through space while confused or otherwise cognitively impaired. Patterns include akathisia, exhibiting neuroleptic-induced pacing and restlessness; exit seekers who are often newly admitted institution residents who try to open locked exit doors; self-stimulators who perform other activities such as turning doorknobs, in addition to continuous pacing; and modelers who shadow other pacers.
An anticonvulsant used for several types of seizures, including myotonic or atonic seizures, photosensitive epilepsy, and absence seizures, although tolerance may develop. It is seldom effective in generalized tonic-clonic or partial seizures. The mechanism of action appears to involve the enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptor responses.
Parasomnias characterized by behavioral abnormalities that occur during the transition between wakefulness and sleep (or between sleep and wakefulness).
Simultaneous and continuous monitoring of several parameters during sleep to study normal and abnormal sleep. The study includes monitoring of brain waves, to assess sleep stages, and other physiological variables such as breathing, eye movements, and blood oxygen levels which exhibit a disrupted pattern with sleep disturbances.
A condition characterized by recurrent episodes of daytime somnolence and lapses in consciousness (microsomnias) that may be associated with automatic behaviors and AMNESIA. CATAPLEXY; SLEEP PARALYSIS, and hypnagogic HALLUCINATIONS frequently accompany narcolepsy. The pathophysiology of this disorder includes sleep-onset rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, which normally follows stage III or IV sleep. (From Neurology 1998 Feb;50(2 Suppl 1):S2-S7)
A stage of sleep characterized by rapid movements of the eye and low voltage fast pattern EEG. It is usually associated with dreaming.
A feeling of restlessness associated with increased motor activity. This may occur as a manifestation of nervous system drug toxicity or other conditions.
A loosely defined group of drugs that tend to increase behavioral alertness, agitation, or excitation. They work by a variety of mechanisms, but usually not by direct excitation of neurons. The many drugs that have such actions as side effects to their main therapeutic use are not included here.
Those disorders that have a disturbance in mood as their predominant feature.
Persistent and disabling ANXIETY.
A major affective disorder marked by severe mood swings (manic or major depressive episodes) and a tendency to remission and recurrence.
The observable response an animal makes to any situation.
The motivational and/or affective state resulting from being blocked, thwarted, disappointed or defeated.
The aggregate of social and cultural institutions, forms, patterns, and processes that influence the life of an individual or community.
Loss of or impaired ability to smell. This may be caused by OLFACTORY NERVE DISEASES; PARANASAL SINUS DISEASES; viral RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; SMOKING; and other conditions.
A neurodegenerative disease characterized by dementia, mild parkinsonism, and fluctuations in attention and alertness. The neuropsychiatric manifestations tend to precede the onset of bradykinesia, MUSCLE RIGIDITY, and other extrapyramidal signs. DELUSIONS and visual HALLUCINATIONS are relatively frequent in this condition. Histologic examination reveals LEWY BODIES in the CEREBRAL CORTEX and BRAIN STEM. SENILE PLAQUES and other pathologic features characteristic of ALZHEIMER DISEASE may also be present. (From Neurology 1997;48:376-380; Neurology 1996;47:1113-1124)
The determination and evaluation of personality attributes by interviews, observations, tests, or scales. Articles concerning personality measurement are considered to be within scope of this term.
Tests designed to assess neurological function associated with certain behaviors. They are used in diagnosing brain dysfunction or damage and central nervous system disorders or injury.
A syndrome complex composed of three conditions which represent clinical variants of the same disease process: STRIATONIGRAL DEGENERATION; SHY-DRAGER SYNDROME; and the sporadic form of OLIVOPONTOCEREBELLAR ATROPHIES. Clinical features include autonomic, cerebellar, and basal ganglia dysfunction. Pathologic examination reveals atrophy of the basal ganglia, cerebellum, pons, and medulla, with prominent loss of autonomic neurons in the brain stem and spinal cord. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1076; Baillieres Clin Neurol 1997 Apr;6(1):187-204; Med Clin North Am 1999 Mar;83(2):381-92)
A practice whereby tokens representing money, toys, candy, etc., are given as secondary reinforcers contingent upon certain desired behaviors or performances.
A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency to fall backwards), rigidity, stooped posture, slowness of voluntary movements, and a masklike facial expression. Pathologic features include loss of melanin containing neurons in the substantia nigra and other pigmented nuclei of the brainstem. LEWY BODIES are present in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but may also be found in a related condition (LEWY BODY DISEASE, DIFFUSE) characterized by dementia in combination with varying degrees of parkinsonism. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1059, pp1067-75)
The use of fragrances and essences from plants to affect or alter a person's mood or behavior and to facilitate physical, mental, and emotional well-being. The chemicals comprising essential oils in plants has a host of therapeutic properties and has been used historically in Africa, Asia, and India. Its greatest application is in the field of alternative medicine. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed; from Dr. Atiba Vheir, Dove Center, Washington, D.C.)
Performing the role of a parent by care-giving, nurturance, and protection of the child by a natural or substitute parent. The parent supports the child by exercising authority and through consistent, empathic, appropriate behavior in response to the child's needs. PARENTING differs from CHILD REARING in that in child rearing the emphasis is on the act of training or bringing up the children and the interaction between the parent and child, while parenting emphasizes the responsibility and qualities of exemplary behavior of the parent.
Any behavior caused by or affecting another individual, usually of the same species.
Disorders related to substance abuse.
The antisocial acts of children or persons under age which are illegal or lawfully interpreted as constituting delinquency.
A condition characterized by transient weakness or paralysis of somatic musculature triggered by an emotional stimulus or physical exertion. Cataplexy is frequently associated with NARCOLEPSY. During a cataplectic attack, there is a marked reduction in muscle tone similar to the normal physiologic hypotonia that accompanies rapid eye movement sleep (SLEEP, REM). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p396)
Education of the individual who markedly deviates intellectually, physically, socially, or emotionally from those considered to be normal, thus requiring special instruction.
Predetermined sets of questions used to collect data - clinical data, social status, occupational group, etc. The term is often applied to a self-completed survey instrument.
Predisposition to react to one's environment in a certain way; usually refers to mood changes.
Disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment.
The behavior patterns associated with or characteristic of a mother.
The training or molding of an individual through various relationships, educational agencies, and social controls, which enables him to become a member of a particular society.
The storing or preserving of video signals for television to be played back later via a transmitter or receiver. Recordings may be made on magnetic tape or discs (VIDEODISC RECORDING).
Levels within a diagnostic group which are established by various measurement criteria applied to the seriousness of a patient's disorder.
Polyketides of up to a few dozen carbons in length, formed by chain extension of multiple PROPIONATES and oxygenated to form tetrahydrofuran and lactone rings along the length of the chain. They are found in ANNONACEAE and other PLANTS. Related compounds cyclize to MACROLIDES.
An act performed without delay, reflection, voluntary direction or obvious control in response to a stimulus.
Conditions characterized by a significant discrepancy between an individual's perceived level of intellect and their ability to acquire new language and other cognitive skills. These disorders may result from organic or psychological conditions. Relatively common subtypes include DYSLEXIA, DYSCALCULIA, and DYSGRAPHIA.
A subtype of dopamine D2 receptors that has high affinity for the antipsychotic CLOZAPINE.
Behavioral responses or sequences associated with eating including modes of feeding, rhythmic patterns of eating, and time intervals.
Manipulation of the behavior of persons or animals by biomedical, physical, psychological, or social means, including for nontherapeutic reasons.
The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.
Methods used in the diagnosis and treatment of behavioral, personality, and mental disorders.
The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.
The time from the onset of a stimulus until a response is observed.
Conditions characterized by disturbances of usual sleep patterns or behaviors. Sleep disorders may be divided into three major categories: DYSSOMNIAS (i.e. disorders characterized by insomnia or hypersomnia), PARASOMNIAS (abnormal sleep behaviors), and sleep disorders secondary to medical or psychiatric disorders. (From Thorpy, Sleep Disorders Medicine, 1994, p187)
An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.
The observable response of a man or animal to a situation.
Diseases of the parasympathetic or sympathetic divisions of the AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM; which has components located in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM and PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Autonomic dysfunction may be associated with HYPOTHALAMIC DISEASES; BRAIN STEM disorders; SPINAL CORD DISEASES; and PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES. Manifestations include impairments of vegetative functions including the maintenance of BLOOD PRESSURE; HEART RATE; pupil function; SWEATING; REPRODUCTIVE AND URINARY PHYSIOLOGY; and DIGESTION.
Struggle or disagreement between parents, parent and child or other members of a family.
Abnormal or excessive excitability with easily triggered anger, annoyance, or impatience.
The study of significant causes and processes in the development of mental illness.
Group composed of associates of same species, approximately the same age, and usually of similar rank or social status.
Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.
A disorder beginning in childhood. It is marked by the presence of markedly abnormal or impaired development in social interaction and communication and a markedly restricted repertoire of activity and interest. Manifestations of the disorder vary greatly depending on the developmental level and chronological age of the individual. (DSM-V)
The name of two islands of the West Indies, separated by a narrow channel. Their capital is Basse-Terre. They were discovered by Columbus in 1493, occupied by the French in 1635, held by the British at various times between 1759 and 1813, transferred to Sweden in 1813, and restored to France in 1816. Its status was changed from colony to a French overseas department in 1946. Columbus named it in honor of the monastery of Santa Maria de Guadalupe in Spain. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p470 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p221)
Assessment of psychological variables by the application of mathematical procedures.
Interaction between a mother and child.
Standardized tests designed to measure abilities, as in intelligence, aptitude, and achievement tests, or to evaluate personality traits.

Nursing home characteristics and the development of pressure sores and disruptive behaviour. (1/275)

OBJECTIVE: To determine how nursing home characteristics affect pressure sores and disruptive behaviour. METHOD: Residents (n = 5518, aged > or =60 years) were selected from 70 nursing homes in the National Health Care chain. Homes were classified as high- or low-risk based on incidence tertiles of pressure sores or disruptive behaviour (1989-90). Point-prevalence and cumulative incidence of pressure sores and disruptive behaviour were examined along with other functional and service variables. RESULTS: The overall incidence of pressure sores was 11.4% and the relative risk was 4.3 times greater in high- than low-risk homes; for disruptive behaviour, the incidence was 27% and the relative risk was 7.1 times greater in the high-risk group. At baseline, fewer subjects in homes with a high risk of pressure sores were white or in restraints, but more had received physician visits monthly and had had problems with transfers and eating. High-risk homes also had fewer beds and used less non-licensed nursing staff time. At follow-up (1987-90), 52% of homes in the low-risk group and 35% of those in the high-risk group had maintained their risk status; low-risk homes were more likely to have rehabilitation and maintenance activities. Having multiple clinical risk factors was associated with more pressure sores in high- (but not low-) risk homes, suggesting a care-burden threshold. By logistic regression, the best predictor of pressure sores was a home's prior (1987-88) incidence status. Interestingly, 67% of homes with a high risk of pressure sores were also high-risk for disruptive behaviour, while only 27% of homes with a low risk of pressure sores were high-risk for disruptive behaviour. A threshold effect was also observed between multiple risk factors and behaviour. More homes with a high risk of disruptive behaviour (68%) remained at risk over 4 years, and the best predictor of outcome was a home's previous morbidity level. CONCLUSION: Nursing-home characteristics may have a greater impact than clinical factors on pressure sores and disruptive behaviour in long-stay, institutionalized elders.  (+info)

An evaluation of the properties of attention as reinforcement for destructive and appropriate behavior. (2/275)

The analogue functional analysis described by Iwata, Dorsey, Slifer, Bauman, and Richman (1982/1994) identifies broad classes of variables (e.g., positive reinforcement) that maintain destructive behavior (Fisher, Ninness, Piazza, & Owen-DeSchryver, 1996). However, it is likely that some types of stimuli may be more effective reinforcers than others. In the current investigation, we identified 2 participants whose destructive behavior was maintained by attention. We used concurrent schedules of reinforcement to evaluate how different types of attention affected both destructive and appropriate behavior. We showed that for 1 participant praise was not an effective reinforcer when verbal reprimands were available; however, praise was an effective reinforcer when verbal reprimands were unavailable. For the 2nd participant, we identified a type of attention that effectively competed with verbal reprimands as reinforcement. We then used the information obtained from the assessments to develop effective treatments to reduce destructive behavior and increase an alternative communicative response.  (+info)

A descriptive analysis of social consequences following problem behavior. (3/275)

The social consequences delivered for problem behavior during functional analyses are presumed to represent common sources of reinforcement; however, the extent to which these consequences actually follow problem behavior in natural settings remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine whether access to attention, escape, or tangible items is frequently observed as a consequence of problem behavior under naturalistic conditions. Twenty-seven adults who lived in a state residential facility and who exhibited self-injurious behavior, aggression, or disruption participated. Observers recorded the occurrence of problem behavior by participants as well as a variety of consequences delivered by caregivers. Results indicated that attention was the most common consequence for problem behavior and that aggression was more likely to produce social consequences than were other forms of problem behavior.  (+info)

Child psychiatric symptoms and psychosocial impairment: relationship and prognostic significance. (4/275)

BACKGROUND: Relatively little is known about the relationships between psychiatric symptoms, diagnosis and psychosocial impairment. AIMS: To examine these contemporaneous relationships and prognostic significance in a large general population sample. METHOD: Symptoms of major depression, conduct and oppositional defiant disorders were assessed by interview in two waves of the Virginia Twin Study of Adolescent behavioural Development (2800 children aged 8-16 years). RESULTS: Many children below the DSM-III-R diagnostic threshold, especially for depression, had symptom-related impairment, whereas many children reaching the symptom threshold for conduct and oppositional defiant disorders were little impaired. Impairment score was linearly related to symptom count, with no evidence of any additional impairment at the diagnostic threshold. For depression, only symptoms predicted later symptoms and diagnosis. For conduct and oppositional defiant disorders, impairment was additionally predictive of later symptoms and diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Impairment, in addition to symptoms, is important for both nosology and prognosis.  (+info)

Unintentional injury in preschool boys with and without early onset of disruptive behavior. (5/275)

OBJECTIVE: To determine subsequent risk of unintentional injury among preschool boys diagnosed with ODD, boys with comorbid ODD and ADHD, and boys matched demographically to the clinical sample; to test predictive validity of a measure of injury proneness; and to examine factors that might predict injury beyond clinic status. METHODS: Seventy-nine consecutive clinic-referred preschool-age boys and 76 demographically matched boys without disruptive behavior participated in a 2-year prospective longitudinal design. Time 1 assessment included clinical diagnosis, parent-reported injury proneness, attachment, and verbal abilities. Injury history was measured 1 and 2 years later. RESULTS: Clinic-referred children had more injuries than the comparison group. Children with comorbid ODD and ADHD had approximately the same injury rate as those with ODD but not ADHD. Parent-reported injury proneness was unrelated to subsequent injuries. Neither attachment nor verbal ability predicted injury significantly beyond clinic status. CONCLUSIONS: Children with early disruptive behavior are at increased risk of unintentional injury and therefore should be considered prime candidates for injury prevention campaigns.  (+info)

The influence of activity choice on problem behaviors maintained by escape versus attention. (6/275)

This study assessed whether the function of an individual's problem behavior was related to the effectiveness of an intervention involving choice among tasks. Analogue functional analyses were conducted with 7 students with various diagnoses to determine whether problem behaviors were maintained by escape or attention. Following identification of the function of each student's problem behavior, reversal designs were used to assess the effectiveness of an intervention that allowed the students to choose their own instructional tasks. Results showed that students who displayed escape-maintained problem behavior showed substantial reductions in such behavior when they were provided with opportunities to choose among tasks. On the other hand, students who displayed attention-maintained problem behavior did not show any effects as a result of the choice intervention. These findings are discussed in terms of the effective use of behavior management programs involving choice and the reduction of problem behavior.  (+info)

Developmental trajectories of childhood disruptive behaviors and adolescent delinquency: a six-site, cross-national study. (7/275)

This study used data from 6 sites and 3 countries to examine the developmental course of physical aggression in childhood and to analyze its linkage to violent and nonviolent offending outcomes in adolescence. The results indicate that among boys there is continuity in problem behavior from childhood to adolescence and that such continuity is especially acute when early problem behavior takes the form of physical aggression. Chronic physical aggression during the elementary school years specifically increases the risk for continued physical violence as well as other nonviolent forms of delinquency during adolescence. However, this conclusion is reserved primarily for boys, because the results indicate no clear linkage between childhood physical aggression and adolescent offending among female samples despite notable similarities across male and female samples in the developmental course of physical aggression in childhood.  (+info)

An evaluation of a brief functional analysis format within a vocational setting. (8/275)

We conducted and compared both brief and extended functional analyses of disruptive behaviors for 3 individuals with developmental disabilities who attended a vocational training program. Results demonstrated that the brief assessment identified the function of 2 of the 3 participants' disruptive behavior compared to the extended assessment.  (+info)

ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects both children and adults. It is characterized by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. The most common symptoms of ADHD include difficulty paying attention, forgetfulness, fidgeting, interrupting others, and acting impulsively.

ODD is a disorder that is characterized by a pattern of negative, hostile, and defiant behavior towards authority figures. Symptoms of ODD may include arguing with adults, refusing to comply with rules, deliberately annoying others, and blaming others for one's own mistakes.

CD is a disorder that is characterized by a pattern of aggressive and destructive behavior towards others. Symptoms of CD may include physical fights, property damage, and cruelty to animals.

The causes of AD/DBD are not yet fully understood, but research suggests that a combination of genetic and environmental factors contribute to their development. These disorders often run in families, and individuals with AD/DBD are more likely to have a family history of these conditions. Additionally, certain environmental stressors, such as trauma or exposure to toxins, may increase the risk of developing AD/DBD.

There is no cure for AD/DBD, but they can be effectively managed with a combination of medication and behavioral therapy. Medications such as stimulants and non-stimulants are commonly used to treat ADHD, while behavioral therapies such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) can help individuals with AD/DBD learn skills to manage their symptoms and behaviors.

In conclusion, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and disruptive behavior disorders (DBD) are neurodevelopmental disorders that affect both children and adults. While they share some similarities, they also have distinct differences in terms of their symptoms and underlying causes. Effective management of these conditions requires a comprehensive approach that includes medication, behavioral therapy, and lifestyle changes. With appropriate treatment, individuals with ADHD and DBD can lead fulfilling lives and achieve their goals.

RBD can be diagnosed based on a combination of clinical features, including:

1. Abnormal behavior during REM sleep: This is the primary feature of RBD and is characterized by abrupt awakenings, aggressive or violent behaviors, and/or talking in a loud, angry tone.
2. Sleep quality issues: Individuals with RBD may experience poor sleep quality, difficulty falling asleep, or difficulty staying asleep.
3. Daytime symptoms: RBD can also cause daytime symptoms such as fatigue, irritability, and difficulty concentrating.
4. Polysomnography (PSG): This is a sleep study that records various physiological activities during sleep, such as brain waves, muscle activity, and heart rate. PSG can help identify the presence of RBD and rule out other sleep disorders.
5. Actigraphy: This is a non-invasive sleep monitoring device that records movement and can be used to diagnose RBD.
6. Clinical evaluation: A thorough clinical evaluation, including a review of the individual's medical history and a physical examination, can help identify other potential causes of the symptoms.

Treatment for RBD typically involves a combination of medications and behavioral interventions, such as:

1. Clonazepam: This is a benzodiazepine that can help reduce the frequency and intensity of abnormal behaviors during REM sleep.
2. Melatonin: This is a hormone that can help regulate sleep-wake cycles and improve sleep quality.
3. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT): This type of therapy can help individuals with RBD manage their symptoms and improve their overall quality of life.
4. Sleep schedule modification: Changing the individual's sleep schedule to avoid napping during the day and promoting good sleep hygiene can help reduce the frequency and intensity of abnormal behaviors.
5. Relaxation techniques: Teaching individuals with RBD relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing and progressive muscle relaxation, can help them manage their symptoms and improve their overall quality of life.
6. Environmental modifications: Making changes to the individual's sleep environment, such as removing any sharp objects or dangerous substances from the bedroom, can help reduce the risk of injury or harm during abnormal behaviors.

It is important to note that treatment for RBD should be tailored to the individual and may take time to find the most effective approach. It is also important to work with a healthcare provider who has experience in treating sleep disorders.

1. Predominantly Inattentive Type: This type is characterized by symptoms of inattention, such as difficulty paying attention to details or making careless mistakes. Individuals with this type may have trouble sustaining their focus during tasks and may appear daydreamy or easily distracted.
2. Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive Type: This type is characterized by symptoms of hyperactivity, such as fidgeting, restlessness, and an inability to sit still. Individuals with this type may also exhibit impulsivity, such as interrupting others or speaking out of turn.
3. Combined Type: This type is characterized by both symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity.

The symptoms of ADHD can vary from person to person and may change over time. Some common symptoms include:

* Difficulty sustaining attention during tasks
* Easily distracted or interrupted
* Difficulty completing tasks
* Forgetfulness
* Fidgeting or restlessness
* Difficulty sitting still or remaining quiet
* Interrupting others or speaking out of turn
* Impulsivity, such as acting without thinking

The exact cause of ADHD is not fully understood, but research suggests that it may be related to differences in brain structure and function, as well as genetic factors. There is no cure for ADHD, but medication and behavioral therapy can help manage symptoms and improve functioning.

ADHD can have significant impacts on daily life, including academic and social difficulties. However, with proper treatment and support, many individuals with ADHD are able to lead successful and fulfilling lives.

People with Antisocial Personality Disorder may exhibit a range of symptoms, including:

* A lack of empathy or remorse for harming others
* Impulsivity and a tendency to act on whim without considering the consequences
* Aggressive or violent behavior
* A disregard for the law and a willingness to engage in criminal activity
* Difficulty forming and maintaining relationships
* Inability to feel guilt or remorse
* Inability to take responsibility for one's actions
* A tendency to manipulate others for personal gain

It is important to note that Antisocial Personality Disorder is not the same as Asperger's Syndrome or Autism Spectrum Disorder, which are separate neurodevelopmental disorders. However, people with Antisocial Personality Disorder may also have co-occurring conditions such as substance use disorders or other mental health conditions.

Treatment for Antisocial Personality Disorder typically involves a combination of psychotherapy and medication. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and psychodynamic therapy may be effective in helping individuals with this condition to understand and change their behavior. Medications such as antidepressants and antipsychotics may also be used to help manage symptoms.

It is important to note that Antisocial Personality Disorder is a complex and challenging condition to treat, and it is not uncommon for individuals with this disorder to have difficulty adhering to treatment plans or engaging in therapy. However, with the right treatment and support, it is possible for individuals with Antisocial Personality Disorder to learn new coping skills and make positive changes in their lives.

1. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.
2. Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD): A disorder marked by a pattern of negative, hostile, and defiant behavior toward authority figures.
3. Conduct Disorder (CD): A disorder characterized by a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior in which the child violates the rights of others or major age-appropriate societal norms and rules.
4. Anxiety Disorders: A group of disorders that cause excessive fear, worry, or anxiety that interferes with daily life.
5. Mood Disorders: A group of disorders that affect a child's mood, causing them to feel sad, hopeless, or angry for extended periods of time.
6. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): A neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by difficulties with social interaction, verbal and nonverbal communication, and repetitive behaviors.
7. Tourette Syndrome: A neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by multiple motor tics and at least one vocal tic, often involving involuntary sounds or words.
8. Selective Mutism: A disorder characterized by a persistent and excessive fear of speaking in certain situations, such as school or social events.
9. Separation Anxiety Disorder: A disorder characterized by excessive and persistent anxiety related to separation from home or loved ones.
10. Disruptive Behavior Disorders: A group of disorders that include ODD, CD, and conduct disorder, which are characterized by a pattern of behavior that violates the rights of others or major age-appropriate societal norms and rules.

These disorders can be challenging to diagnose and treat, but early identification and intervention can make a significant difference in a child's outcome. It is important for parents and caregivers to seek professional help if they notice any signs of these disorders in their child.

Some common types of mental disorders include:

1. Anxiety disorders: These conditions cause excessive worry, fear, or anxiety that interferes with daily life. Examples include generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and social anxiety disorder.
2. Mood disorders: These conditions affect a person's mood, causing feelings of sadness, hopelessness, or anger that persist for weeks or months. Examples include depression, bipolar disorder, and seasonal affective disorder.
3. Personality disorders: These conditions involve patterns of thought and behavior that deviate from the norm of the average person. Examples include borderline personality disorder, narcissistic personality disorder, and antisocial personality disorder.
4. Psychotic disorders: These conditions cause a person to lose touch with reality, resulting in delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized thinking. Examples include schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and brief psychotic disorder.
5. Trauma and stressor-related disorders: These conditions develop after a person experiences a traumatic event, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
6. Dissociative disorders: These conditions involve a disconnection or separation from one's body, thoughts, or emotions. Examples include dissociative identity disorder (formerly known as multiple personality disorder) and depersonalization disorder.
7. Neurodevelopmental disorders: These conditions affect the development of the brain and nervous system, leading to symptoms such as difficulty with social interaction, communication, and repetitive behaviors. Examples include autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and Rett syndrome.

Mental disorders can be diagnosed by a mental health professional using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which provides criteria for each condition. Treatment typically involves a combination of medication and therapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy or psychodynamic therapy, depending on the specific disorder and individual needs.

Some common types of parasomnias include:

1. Sleepwalking (somnambulism): Getting out of bed and walking around while asleep.
2. Sleep talking (talking in one's sleep).
3. Sleep eating (eating while asleep).
4. Sleep driving (driving while asleep).
5. Sexsomnia (engaging in sexual activities while asleep).
6. Night terrors (intense fear or anxiety while asleep).
7. Sleep paralysis (temporary inability to move or speak while falling asleep or waking up).
8. REM sleep behavior disorder (acting out dreams while asleep).

Parasomnias can be dangerous, as they can lead to injuries or accidents, and can also cause sleep disruption and daytime fatigue. Treatment options for parasomnias include medication, behavioral therapy, and lifestyle changes, such as establishing a regular sleep schedule and avoiding alcohol and sedatives before bedtime.

The main types of sleep-wake transition disorders include:

1. Insomnia: Difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep, often accompanied by stress, anxiety, or depression.
2. Sleep maintenance insomnia: Waking up frequently during the night and having difficulty returning to sleep.
3. Sleep-wake cycle disorders: Disruptions in the normal sleep-wake cycle, such as delayed sleep phase syndrome (DSPS) or advanced sleep phase syndrome (ASPS).
4. Circadian rhythm disorders: Disruptions in the body's internal clock, which can cause difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep.
5. Sleep-related movement disorders: Disorders that cause involuntary movements during sleep, such as restless leg syndrome (RLS) or periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD).
6. Sleep-related eating disorders: Consuming food during sleep, often due to a lack of awareness or control over one's eating habits.
7. Sleepwalking and sleep driving: Performing activities during sleep that are normally done while awake, such as walking or driving.
8. Nightmare disorder: Experiencing nightmares that cause fear, anxiety, or distress.
9. Sleep terror disorder: Exhibiting intense fear or anxiety during sleep, often accompanied by screaming or thrashing.
10. Sleep paralysis: Being unable to move or speak while falling asleep or waking up, often accompanied by hallucinations.

These sleep-wake transition disorders can have a significant impact on an individual's quality of life, and may be caused by a variety of factors such as stress, certain medications, sleep environment, or underlying medical conditions. Treatment options vary depending on the specific disorder and its causes, but may include lifestyle changes, medication, or behavioral therapy.

There are several types of narcolepsy, including:

* Type 1 narcolepsy: This is the most common form of the disorder, and it is characterized by the presence of cataplexy and low levels of hypocretin-1, a neurotransmitter that helps regulate sleep and wakefulness.
* Type 2 narcolepsy: This form of narcolepsy is similar to type 1, but it does not involve cataplexy. Instead, people with type 2 narcolepsy may experience other symptoms such as memory loss, anxiety, and depression.
* Narcolepsy with cataplexy: This is a subtype of type 1 narcolepsy that is characterized by the presence of both cataplexy and low levels of hypocretin-1.
* Narcolepsy without cataplexy: This is a subtype of type 2 narcolepsy that is characterized by the absence of cataplexy and low levels of hypocretin-1.

There is no cure for narcolepsy, but medications such as stimulants, modafinil, and sodium oxybate can help manage symptoms. Behavioral interventions such as scheduled napping and exercise can also be helpful in managing the disorder.

Psychomotor agitation is a common symptom of many mental health disorders, including bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and major depressive disorder. It can also be caused by medications such as stimulants, antipsychotics, and benzodiazepines.

Some common signs and symptoms of psychomotor agitation include:

* Fidgeting or restlessness
* Purposeless movement of limbs (e.g., pacing, fiddling with objects)
* Increased muscle tension
* Difficulty sitting still
* Excessive talking or movement
* Increased heart rate and blood pressure
* Agitation or irritability

Psychomotor agitation can be assessed through a combination of physical examination, medical history, and laboratory tests. Treatment options for psychomotor agitation depend on the underlying cause, but may include medication adjustments, behavioral interventions, or hospitalization in severe cases.

It is important to note that psychomotor agitation can be a symptom of an underlying medical condition, so it is essential to seek professional medical attention if you or someone you know is experiencing these symptoms. A healthcare professional can diagnose and treat the underlying cause of psychomotor agitation, reducing the risk of complications and improving quality of life.

There are several types of mood disorders, including:

1. Major Depressive Disorder (MDD): This is a condition characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a loss of interest in activities that were once enjoyed. It can also involve changes in appetite, sleep patterns, and energy levels.
2. Bipolar Disorder: This is a condition that involves periods of mania or hypomania (elevated mood) alternating with episodes of depression.
3. Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD): This is a condition characterized by persistent low mood, lasting for two years or more. It can also involve changes in appetite, sleep patterns, and energy levels.
4. Postpartum Depression (PPD): This is a condition that occurs in some women after childbirth, characterized by feelings of sadness, anxiety, and a lack of interest in activities.
5. Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD): This is a condition that occurs during the winter months, when there is less sunlight. It is characterized by feelings of sadness, lethargy, and a lack of energy.
6. Anxious Distress: This is a condition characterized by excessive worry, fear, and anxiety that interferes with daily life.
7. Adjustment Disorder: This is a condition that occurs when an individual experiences a significant change or stressor in their life, such as the loss of a loved one or a job change. It is characterized by feelings of sadness, anxiety, and a lack of interest in activities.
8. Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD): This is a condition that occurs in some women during the premenstrual phase of their menstrual cycle, characterized by feelings of sadness, anxiety, and a lack of energy.

Mood disorders can be treated with a combination of medication and therapy. Antidepressant medications, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), are commonly used to treat mood disorders. These medications can help relieve symptoms of depression and anxiety by altering the levels of neurotransmitters in the brain.

Therapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and interpersonal therapy (IPT), can also be effective in treating mood disorders. CBT helps individuals identify and change negative thought patterns and behaviors that contribute to their depression, while IPT focuses on improving communication skills and relationships with others.

In addition to medication and therapy, lifestyle changes such as regular exercise, healthy eating, and getting enough sleep can also be helpful in managing mood disorders. Support from family and friends, as well as self-care activities such as meditation and relaxation techniques, can also be beneficial.

It is important to seek professional help if symptoms of depression or anxiety persist or worsen over time. With appropriate treatment, individuals with mood disorders can experience significant improvement in their symptoms and overall quality of life.

Some common types of anxiety disorders include:

1. Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD): Excessive and persistent worry about everyday things, even when there is no apparent reason to be concerned.
2. Panic Disorder: Recurring panic attacks, which are sudden feelings of intense fear or anxiety that can occur at any time, even when there is no obvious trigger.
3. Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD): Excessive and persistent fear of social or performance situations in which the individual is exposed to possible scrutiny by others.
4. Specific Phobias: Persistent and excessive fear of a specific object, situation, or activity that is out of proportion to the actual danger posed.
5. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD): Recurring, intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions) that are distressing and disruptive to daily life.
6. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): Persistent symptoms of anxiety, fear, and avoidance after experiencing a traumatic event.

Anxiety disorders can be treated with a combination of psychotherapy, medication, or both, depending on the specific diagnosis and severity of symptoms. With appropriate treatment, many people with anxiety disorders are able to manage their symptoms and improve their quality of life.

Bipolar Disorder Types:

There are several types of bipolar disorder, including:

1. Bipolar I Disorder: One or more manic episodes with or without depressive episodes.
2. Bipolar II Disorder: At least one major depressive episode and one hypomanic episode (a less severe form of mania).
3. Cyclothymic Disorder: Periods of hypomania and depression that last at least 2 years.
4. Other Specified Bipolar and Related Disorders: Symptoms that do not meet the criteria for any of the above types.
5. Unspecified Bipolar and Related Disorders: Symptoms that do not meet the criteria for any of the above types, but there is still a noticeable impact on daily life.

Bipolar Disorder Causes:

The exact cause of bipolar disorder is unknown, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurobiological factors. Some potential causes include:

1. Genetics: Individuals with a family history of bipolar disorder are more likely to develop the condition.
2. Brain structure and function: Imbalances in neurotransmitters and abnormalities in brain structure have been found in individuals with bipolar disorder.
3. Hormonal imbalances: Imbalances in hormones such as serotonin, dopamine, and cortisol have been linked to bipolar disorder.
4. Life events: Traumatic events or significant changes in life circumstances can trigger episodes of mania or depression.
5. Medical conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as multiple sclerosis or stroke, can increase the risk of developing bipolar disorder.

Bipolar Disorder Symptoms:

The symptoms of bipolar disorder can vary depending on the individual and the specific type of episode they are experiencing. Some common symptoms include:

1. Manic episodes: Increased energy, reduced need for sleep, impulsivity, and grandiosity.
2. Depressive episodes: Feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and loss of interest in activities.
3. Mixed episodes: A combination of manic and depressive symptoms.
4. Hypomanic episodes: Less severe than full-blown mania, but still disrupt daily life.
5. Rapid cycling: Experiencing four or more episodes within a year.
6. Melancholic features: Feeling sad, hopeless, and worthless.
7. Atypical features: Experiencing mania without elevated mood or grandiosity.
8. Mood instability: Rapid changes in mood throughout the day.
9. Anxiety symptoms: Restlessness, feeling on edge, and difficulty concentrating.
10. Sleep disturbances: Difficulty falling or staying asleep, or oversleeping.
11. Substance abuse: Using drugs or alcohol to cope with symptoms.
12. Suicidal thoughts or behaviors: Having thoughts of harming oneself or taking actions that could lead to death.

It's important to note that not everyone with bipolar disorder will experience all of these symptoms, and some people may experience additional symptoms not listed here. Additionally, the severity and frequency of symptoms can vary widely between individuals.

Types of Olfaction Disorders:

1. Hyposmia: A decrease in the ability to perceive odors, often accompanied by a loss of taste.
2. Hyperosmia: An increased sensitivity to odors, which can be unpleasant and overwhelming.
3. Phantosmia: The perception of strange or foul odors that are not present in the environment.
4. Parosmia: A distortion of the sense of smell, where familiar odors are perceived differently or are distorted.
5. Anosmia: A complete loss of the sense of smell.

Causes of Olfaction Disorders:

1. Head trauma or injury to the head or face.
2. Infections such as colds, sinusitis, or meningitis.
3. Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, or multiple sclerosis.
4. Hormonal changes due to pregnancy, menopause, or thyroid disorders.
5. Certain medications such as antidepressants, antihistamines, or decongestants.
6. Environmental exposure to toxic chemicals or pollutants.
7. Genetic conditions such as Kallmann syndrome or anosmia type 1.

Symptoms of Olfaction Disorders:

1. Difficulty smelling familiar odors or perceiving odors that are not present in the environment.
2. Distortion or alteration of the sense of smell, such as perceiving odors differently than usual.
3. Loss of taste or a decreased ability to perceive flavors.
4. Difficulty distinguishing between different odors or flavors.
5. Increased sensitivity to certain odors or fragrances.
6. Nausea, dizziness, or headaches due to altered olfactory processing.
7. Behavioral changes such as irritability or anxiety due to the loss of the sense of smell.

Diagnosis of Olfaction Disorders:

1. Medical history and physical examination to identify any underlying medical conditions that may be contributing to the olfactory dysfunction.
2. Sniffing tests to assess the function of the nasal cavity and olfactory system.
3. Imaging studies such as CT or MRI scans to rule out any structural abnormalities in the brain or sinuses.
4. Psychophysical testing to evaluate the threshold and discrimination of different odors.
5. Genetic testing to identify inherited conditions that may be contributing to the olfactory dysfunction.

Treatment of Olfaction Disorders:

1. Addressing underlying medical conditions that may be contributing to the olfactory dysfunction, such as treating a sinus infection or adjusting medications.
2. Using nasal decongestants or antihistamines to reduce swelling in the nasal passages and improve odor detection.
3. Employing olfactory training techniques such as smell exercises to improve odor identification and discrimination.
4. Using assistive technology such as electronic noses or olfactory prostheses to enhance the perception of odors.
5. Providing counseling and support to individuals with olfactory dysfunction to address any psychological or social implications of the disorder.

Prognosis and Quality of Life:

The prognosis for olfaction disorders varies depending on the underlying cause, but in general, the condition can be managed with appropriate treatment and lifestyle modifications. The quality of life for individuals with olfactory dysfunction can be significantly impacted, as the loss of the sense of smell can affect daily activities such as cooking, social interactions, and enjoyment of hobbies and interests. However, with proper treatment and support, many individuals with olfaction disorders are able to adapt and lead fulfilling lives.

The symptoms of Lewy body disease can vary from person to person, but they often include:

1. Cognitive problems, such as difficulty with memory, attention, and decision-making.
2. Slowness of movement, rigidity, and tremors, similar to those seen in Parkinson's disease.
3. Visual hallucinations and sleep disturbances.
4. Balance problems and falls.
5. Mood changes, such as depression and anxiety.

Lewy body disease can be difficult to diagnose, as it can resemble other conditions such as Alzheimer's disease or Parkinson's disease. A definitive diagnosis is usually made through an autopsy after death, but a clinical diagnosis can be made based on a combination of symptoms and medical imaging studies.

There is no cure for Lewy body disease, but medications and therapies can help manage its symptoms. Treatment options may include cholinesterase inhibitors, dopamine agonists, and antidepressants, as well as physical, occupational, and speech therapy. In some cases, surgery may be recommended to regulate medication or improve cognitive function.

Lewy body disease is a relatively rare condition, affecting about 1% of people over the age of 65. It is more common in men than women, and the risk of developing the disease increases with age. There is currently no known cause for Lewy body disease, but research suggests that it may be linked to genetic factors and exposure to certain environmental toxins.

In summary, Lewy body disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects the brain and nervous system, characterized by abnormal protein deposits called Lewy bodies. It can cause a range of cognitive and motor symptoms, and diagnosis can be challenging. There is no cure for the disease, but medications and therapies can help manage its symptoms.

The term "multiple system atrophy" was first used in 1985 to describe this condition, which was previously known as "parkinsonism-dementia." MSA is classified into two main types: cerebellar type (MSA-C) and parkinsonian type (MSA-P). The cerebellar type is characterized by progressive cerebellar ataxia, loss of coordination, and balance problems, while the parkinsonian type is characterized by parkinsonism, rigidity, and bradykinesia.

The exact cause of MSA is not known, but it is believed to be related to abnormal protein accumulation in the brain and mitochondrial dysfunction. There is currently no cure for MSA, and treatment is focused on managing symptoms and improving quality of life. The progression of MSA is variable and can range from several years to several decades.

MSA is a rare disorder, with an estimated prevalence of 5-10 cases per million people worldwide. It affects both men and women equally, and the symptoms typically begin in adulthood, although some cases may present in children or older adults. The diagnosis of MSA is based on a combination of clinical features, imaging studies, and laboratory tests, including dopamine transporter scans and CSF analysis.

There are several prominent features of MSA that distinguish it from other neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease or Alzheimer's disease. These include:

1. Autonomic dysfunction: MSA is characterized by a range of autonomic dysfunctions, including orthostatic hypotension, urinary incontinence, and constipation.
2. Cerebellar ataxia: MSA is often associated with progressive cerebellar ataxia, which can lead to difficulties with coordination, balance, and gait.
3. Pyramidal signs: MSA can also present with pyramidal signs, such as bradykinesia, rigidity, and tremors, which are similar to those seen in Parkinson's disease.
4. Dysphagia: Many individuals with MSA experience difficulty swallowing, known as dysphagia, which can increase the risk of aspiration pneumonia.
5. Cognitive impairment: Some people with MSA may experience cognitive impairment, including memory loss and confusion.
6. Sleep disorders: MSA can also be associated with sleep disorders, such as rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder and restless leg syndrome.
7. Emotional changes: MSA can cause significant emotional changes, including depression, anxiety, and apathy.
8. Impaired speech and language: Some individuals with MSA may experience impaired speech and language, including slurred speech and difficulty with word-finding.
9. Dysautonomia: MSA can also cause dysautonomia, which can lead to a range of symptoms, such as orthostatic hypotension, hypertension, and abnormal sweating.
10. Bladder and bowel dysfunction: MSA can cause bladder and bowel dysfunction, including urinary frequency, urgency, and constipation.

It is important to note that not all individuals with MSA will experience all of these symptoms, and the severity of the disease can vary greatly between individuals. If you suspect you or a loved one may be experiencing symptoms of MSA, it is essential to consult with a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease, affecting approximately 1% of the population over the age of 60. It is more common in men than women and has a higher incidence in Caucasians than in other ethnic groups.

The primary symptoms of Parkinson's disease are:

* Tremors or trembling, typically starting on one side of the body
* Rigidity or stiffness, causing difficulty with movement
* Bradykinesia or slowness of movement, including a decrease in spontaneous movements such as blinking or smiling
* Postural instability, leading to falls or difficulty with balance

As the disease progresses, symptoms can include:

* Difficulty with walking, gait changes, and freezing episodes
* Dry mouth, constipation, and other non-motor symptoms
* Cognitive changes, such as dementia, memory loss, and confusion
* Sleep disturbances, including REM sleep behavior disorder
* Depression, anxiety, and other psychiatric symptoms

The exact cause of Parkinson's disease is not known, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. The disease is associated with the degradation of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra, leading to a deficiency of dopamine in the brain. This deficiency disrupts the normal functioning of the basal ganglia, a group of structures involved in movement control, leading to the characteristic symptoms of the disease.

There is no cure for Parkinson's disease, but various treatments are available to manage its symptoms. These include:

* Medications such as dopaminergic agents (e.g., levodopa) and dopamine agonists to replace lost dopamine and improve motor function
* Deep brain stimulation, a surgical procedure that involves implanting an electrode in the brain to deliver electrical impulses to specific areas of the brain
* Physical therapy to improve mobility and balance
* Speech therapy to improve communication and swallowing difficulties
* Occupational therapy to improve daily functioning

It is important for individuals with Parkinson's disease to work closely with their healthcare team to develop a personalized treatment plan that addresses their specific needs and improves their quality of life. With appropriate treatment and support, many people with Parkinson's disease are able to manage their symptoms and maintain a good level of independence for several years after diagnosis.

Types of Substance-Related Disorders:

1. Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD): A chronic disease characterized by the excessive consumption of alcohol, leading to impaired control over drinking, social or personal problems, and increased risk of health issues.
2. Opioid Use Disorder (OUD): A chronic disease characterized by the excessive use of opioids, such as prescription painkillers or heroin, leading to withdrawal symptoms when the substance is not available.
3. Stimulant Use Disorder: A chronic disease characterized by the excessive use of stimulants, such as cocaine or amphetamines, leading to impaired control over use and increased risk of adverse effects.
4. Cannabis Use Disorder: A chronic disease characterized by the excessive use of cannabis, leading to impaired control over use and increased risk of adverse effects.
5. Hallucinogen Use Disorder: A chronic disease characterized by the excessive use of hallucinogens, such as LSD or psilocybin mushrooms, leading to impaired control over use and increased risk of adverse effects.

Causes and Risk Factors:

1. Genetics: Individuals with a family history of substance-related disorders are more likely to develop these conditions.
2. Mental health: Individuals with mental health conditions, such as depression or anxiety, may be more likely to use substances as a form of self-medication.
3. Environmental factors: Exposure to substances at an early age, peer pressure, and social environment can increase the risk of developing a substance-related disorder.
4. Brain chemistry: Substance use can alter brain chemistry, leading to dependence and addiction.

Symptoms:

1. Increased tolerance: The need to use more of the substance to achieve the desired effect.
2. Withdrawal: Experiencing symptoms such as anxiety, irritability, or nausea when the substance is not present.
3. Loss of control: Using more substance than intended or for longer than intended.
4. Neglecting responsibilities: Neglecting responsibilities at home, work, or school due to substance use.
5. Continued use despite negative consequences: Continuing to use the substance despite physical, emotional, or financial consequences.

Diagnosis:

1. Physical examination: A doctor may perform a physical examination to look for signs of substance use, such as track marks or changes in heart rate and blood pressure.
2. Laboratory tests: Blood or urine tests can confirm the presence of substances in the body.
3. Psychological evaluation: A mental health professional may conduct a psychological evaluation to assess symptoms of substance-related disorders and determine the presence of co-occurring conditions.

Treatment:

1. Detoxification: A medically-supervised detox program can help manage withdrawal symptoms and reduce the risk of complications.
2. Medications: Medications such as methadone or buprenorphine may be prescribed to manage withdrawal symptoms and reduce cravings.
3. Behavioral therapy: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and contingency management are effective behavioral therapies for treating substance use disorders.
4. Support groups: Joining a support group such as Narcotics Anonymous can provide a sense of community and support for individuals in recovery.
5. Lifestyle changes: Making healthy lifestyle changes such as regular exercise, healthy eating, and getting enough sleep can help manage withdrawal symptoms and reduce cravings.

It's important to note that diagnosis and treatment of substance-related disorders is a complex process and should be individualized based on the specific needs and circumstances of each patient.

Cataplexy is often associated with narcolepsy, a neurological disorder that affects the brain's ability to regulate sleep-wake cycles. However, it can also occur in people without narcolepsy. In these cases, cataplexy may be a symptom of another condition or a side effect of certain medications.

The exact cause of cataplexy is not fully understood, but it is thought to be related to an imbalance in the brain chemicals that regulate muscle tone and emotion. Treatment for cataplexy typically involves addressing any underlying conditions or adjusting medications that may be contributing to the condition. In some cases, botulinum toxin injections may be recommended to reduce muscle stiffness and spasms.

Examples of 'Cataplexy' in a sentence:

1. The patient experienced cataplexy during laughing attacks, causing temporary paralysis of their limbs.
2. The doctor diagnosed the patient with cataplexy, a symptom of their narcolepsy.
3. The medication side effect was causing cataplexy, leading to muscle weakness and paralysis.

Types of Cognition Disorders: There are several types of cognitive disorders that affect different aspects of cognitive functioning. Some common types include:

1. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Characterized by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.
2. Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI): Caused by a blow or jolt to the head that disrupts brain function, resulting in cognitive, emotional, and behavioral changes.
3. Alzheimer's Disease: A progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory loss, confusion, and difficulty with communication.
4. Stroke: A condition where blood flow to the brain is interrupted, leading to cognitive impairment and other symptoms.
5. Parkinson's Disease: A neurodegenerative disorder that affects movement, balance, and cognition.
6. Huntington's Disease: An inherited disorder that causes progressive damage to the brain, leading to cognitive decline and other symptoms.
7. Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD): A group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by changes in personality, behavior, and language.
8. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): A condition that develops after a traumatic event, characterized by symptoms such as anxiety, avoidance, and hypervigilance.
9. Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI): A condition characterized by memory loss and other cognitive symptoms that are more severe than normal age-related changes but not severe enough to interfere with daily life.

Causes and Risk Factors: The causes of cognition disorders can vary depending on the specific disorder, but some common risk factors include:

1. Genetics: Many cognitive disorders have a genetic component, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease.
2. Age: As people age, their risk of developing cognitive disorders increases, such as Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, and frontotemporal dementia.
3. Lifestyle factors: Factors such as physical inactivity, smoking, and poor diet can increase the risk of cognitive decline and dementia.
4. Traumatic brain injury: A severe blow to the head or a traumatic brain injury can increase the risk of developing cognitive disorders, such as chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE).
5. Infections: Certain infections, such as meningitis and encephalitis, can cause cognitive disorders if they damage the brain tissue.
6. Stroke or other cardiovascular conditions: A stroke or other cardiovascular conditions can cause cognitive disorders by damaging the blood vessels in the brain.
7. Chronic substance abuse: Long-term use of drugs or alcohol can damage the brain and increase the risk of cognitive disorders, such as dementia.
8. Sleep disorders: Sleep disorders, such as sleep apnea, can increase the risk of cognitive disorders, such as dementia.
9. Depression and anxiety: Mental health conditions, such as depression and anxiety, can increase the risk of cognitive decline and dementia.
10. Environmental factors: Exposure to certain environmental toxins, such as pesticides and heavy metals, has been linked to an increased risk of cognitive disorders.

It's important to note that not everyone with these risk factors will develop a cognitive disorder, and some people without any known risk factors can still develop a cognitive disorder. If you have concerns about your cognitive health, it's important to speak with a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and diagnosis.

There are several types of learning disorders, including:

1. Dyslexia: A learning disorder that affects an individual's ability to read and spell words. Individuals with dyslexia may have difficulty recognizing letters, sounds, or word patterns.
2. Dyscalculia: A learning disorder that affects an individual's ability to understand and perform mathematical calculations. Individuals with dyscalculia may have difficulty with numbers, quantities, or mathematical concepts.
3. Dysgraphia: A learning disorder that affects an individual's ability to write and spell words. Individuals with dysgraphia may have difficulty with hand-eye coordination, fine motor skills, or language processing.
4. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A neurodevelopmental disorder that affects an individual's ability to focus, pay attention, and regulate their behavior. Individuals with ADHD may have difficulty with organization, time management, or following instructions.
5. Auditory Processing Disorder: A learning disorder that affects an individual's ability to process and understand auditory information. Individuals with auditory processing disorder may have difficulty with listening, comprehension, or speech skills.
6. Visual Processing Disorder: A learning disorder that affects an individual's ability to process and understand visual information. Individuals with visual processing disorder may have difficulty with reading, writing, or other tasks that require visual processing.
7. Executive Function Deficits: A learning disorder that affects an individual's ability to plan, organize, and execute tasks. Individuals with executive function deficits may have difficulty with time management, organization, or self-regulation.

Learning disorders can be diagnosed by a trained professional, such as a psychologist, neuropsychologist, or learning specialist, through a comprehensive assessment that includes cognitive and academic testing, as well as a review of the individual's medical and educational history. The specific tests and assessments used will depend on the suspected type of learning disorder and the individual's age and background.

There are several approaches to treating learning disorders, including:

1. Accommodations: Providing individuals with accommodations, such as extra time to complete assignments or the option to take a test orally, can help level the playing field and enable them to succeed academically.
2. Modifications: Making modifications to the curriculum or instructional methods can help individuals with learning disorders access the material and learn in a way that is tailored to their needs.
3. Therapy: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and other forms of therapy can help individuals with learning disorders develop strategies for managing their challenges and improving their academic performance.
4. Assistive technology: Assistive technology, such as text-to-speech software or speech-to-text software, can help individuals with learning disorders access information and communicate more effectively.
5. Medication: In some cases, medication may be prescribed to help manage symptoms associated with learning disorders, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
6. Multi-sensory instruction: Using multiple senses (such as sight, sound, and touch) to learn new information can be helpful for individuals with learning disorders.
7. Self-accommodations: Teaching individuals with learning disorders how to identify and use their own strengths and preferences to accommodate their challenges can be effective in helping them succeed academically.
8. Parental involvement: Encouraging parents to be involved in their child's education and providing them with information and resources can help them support their child's learning and development.
9. Collaboration: Collaborating with other educators, professionals, and family members to develop a comprehensive treatment plan can help ensure that the individual receives the support they need to succeed academically.

It is important to note that each individual with a learning disorder is unique and may respond differently to different treatments. A comprehensive assessment and ongoing monitoring by a qualified professional is necessary to determine the most effective treatment plan for each individual.

1. Insomnia: difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep
2. Sleep apnea: pauses in breathing during sleep
3. Narcolepsy: excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden attacks of sleep
4. Restless leg syndrome: uncomfortable sensations in the legs during sleep
5. Periodic limb movement disorder: involuntary movements of the legs or arms during sleep
6. Sleepwalking: walking or performing other activities during sleep
7. Sleep terrors: intense fear or anxiety during sleep
8. Sleep paralysis: temporary inability to move or speak during sleep
9. REM sleep behavior disorder: acting out dreams during sleep
10. Circadian rhythm disorders: disruptions to the body's internal clock, leading to irregular sleep patterns.

Sleep disorders can be caused by a variety of factors, such as stress, anxiety, certain medications, sleep deprivation, and underlying medical conditions like chronic pain or sleep apnea. Treatment for sleep disorders may include lifestyle changes (such as establishing a regular sleep schedule, avoiding caffeine and alcohol before bedtime, and creating a relaxing sleep environment), medications, and behavioral therapies (such as cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia). In some cases, surgery or other medical interventions may be necessary.

It is important to seek medical attention if you suspect that you or someone you know may have a sleep disorder, as untreated sleep disorders can lead to serious health problems, such as cardiovascular disease, obesity, and depression. A healthcare professional can help diagnose the specific sleep disorder and develop an appropriate treatment plan.

There are many different types of ANS diseases, including:

1. Dysautonomia: a general term that refers to dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system.
2. Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS): a condition characterized by rapid heart rate and other symptoms that occur upon standing.
3. Neurocardiogenic syncope: a form of fainting caused by a sudden drop in blood pressure.
4. Multiple system atrophy (MSA): a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects the autonomic nervous system and other parts of the brain.
5. Parkinson's disease: a neurodegenerative disorder that can cause autonomic dysfunction, including constipation, urinary incontinence, and erectile dysfunction.
6. Dopamine deficiency: a condition characterized by low levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine, which can affect the ANS and other body systems.
7. Autonomic nervous system disorders associated with autoimmune diseases, such as Guillain-Barré syndrome and lupus.
8. Trauma: physical or emotional trauma can sometimes cause dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system.
9. Infections: certain infections, such as Lyme disease, can affect the autonomic nervous system.
10. Genetic mutations: some genetic mutations can affect the functioning of the autonomic nervous system.

Treatment for ANS diseases depends on the specific condition and its underlying cause. In some cases, medication may be prescribed to regulate heart rate, blood pressure, or other bodily functions. Lifestyle changes, such as regular exercise and stress management techniques, can also be helpful in managing symptoms. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to correct anatomical abnormalities or repair damaged nerves.

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5) defines Autistic Disorder as a pervasive developmental disorder that meets the following criteria:

A. Persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts, including:

1. Deficits in social-emotional reciprocity (e.g., abnormal or absent eye contact, impaired understanding of facial expressions, delayed or lack of response to social overtures).
2. Deficits in developing, maintaining, and understanding relationships (e.g., difficulty initiating or sustaining conversations, impairment in understanding social norms, rules, and expectations).
3. Deficits in using nonverbal behaviors to regulate social interaction (e.g., difficulty with eye contact, facial expressions, body language, gestures).

B. Restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities, as manifested by at least one of the following:

1. Stereotyped or repetitive motor movements, use of objects, or speech (e.g., hand flapping, head banging, repeating words or phrases).
2. Insistence on sameness, inflexibility, and adherence to routines or rituals.
3. Preoccupation with specific interests or activities that are repeated in a rigid and restricted manner (e.g., preoccupation with a particular topic, excessive focus on a specific activity).

C. Symptoms must be present in the early developmental period and significantly impact social, occupational, or other areas of functioning.

D. The symptoms do not occur exclusively during a medical or neurological condition (e.g., intellectual disability, hearing loss).

It is important to note that Autistic Disorder is a spectrum disorder and individuals with this diagnosis may have varying degrees of severity in their symptoms. Additionally, there are several other Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDDs) that have similar diagnostic criteria but may differ in severity and presentation. These include:

A. Asperger's Disorder: Characterized by difficulties with social interaction and communication, but without the presence of significant delay or retardation in language development.

B. Rett Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder that is characterized by difficulties with social interaction, communication, and repetitive behaviors.

C. Childhood Disintegrative Disorder: Characterized by a loss of language and social skills that occurs after a period of normal development.

It is important to consult with a qualified professional, such as a psychologist or psychiatrist, for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

"The History of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder - The Center of Attention for ADD". Retrieved May 29, 2019. Douglas, ... In H. C. Quay, & A. E. Hogan (Eds.), Handbook of disruptive behavior disorders (pp. 105-138). New York: Plenum. Berman, T., ... Cognitive deficits in children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A long-term follow-up. Canadian Psychology, 46, ... Virginia I. (Feb 2005). "Cognitive Deficits in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Long-Term Follow-Up". ...
... designed to identify symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and conduct disorder ... Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Oppositional defiant disorder Friedman-Weieneth, JL; Doctoroff, GL; Harvey, EA; ... The Disruptive Behavior Disorders Rating Scale (DBDRS) is a 45-question screening measure, completed by either parents or ... Wikiversity has learning resources about Disruptive Behavior Disorders Rating Scale Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent ...
... disruptive behavior disorders (such as conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity ... acute stress disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, dissociative disorder, resilience); the overlap between psychiatric and ... "AACAP Oppositional Defiant Disorder Practice Parameter" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 August 2011. Retrieved 28 ... "Fast Facts: Eating Disorders book review". Retrieved 19 February 2013. "Academy of Psychosomatic Medicine". Archived from the ...
"Antipsychotic and psychostimulant drug combination therapy in attention deficit/hyperactivity and disruptive behavior disorders ... "Meta-analysis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms, restriction ... Biederman, J; Spencer, T (November 1999). "Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) as a Noradrenergic Disorder". ... August 2004). "Relative contribution of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and tic ...
Externalizing disorders are often specifically referred to as disruptive behavior disorders (attention-deficit/hyperactivity ... and CD were previously classified in the Attention-deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders section in DSM-IV. Pyromania, ... Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), conduct disorder (CD), antisocial ... Externalizing disorders (or externalising disorders) are mental disorders characterized by externalizing behaviors, maladaptive ...
Children with attention deficit and disruptive behavior disorders may show the following symptoms: Impulsivity or ... F90.0) Disturbance of activity and attention Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder Attention deficit syndrome with ... 313.81 Oppositional Defiant Disorder 312.9 Disruptive Behavior Disorder NOS: This category includes disorders similar to ... Alcohol or drug use Medication is often used to treat children with attention-deficit and disruptive behavior disorders. ...
The disorders often co-occur with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). It uses a unique combination of behavioral ... The most commonly treated Disruptive Behavior Disorders may be classified as Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) or Conduct ... and destructive behavior. The ECBI is a 36-item behavior scale that is used to track disruptive behaviors in children. It was ... "efficacious intervention for improving externalizing behavior in children with disruptive behavior disorders". Another meta- ...
... conduct disorder (CD), attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD). RFP- ... The ultimate goal of RFP-C is to help the caregiver and child understand that all behavior, even disruptive behavior, has ... time-limited psychodynamic treatment approach for children with disruptive behavior disorders, including oppositional defiant ... The basis for the therapeutic process in RFP-C is that all behavior has meaning and that some children engage in disruptive ...
Attention-Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders". Concise Guide to Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (4th illustrated ed.). ... Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and restless legs syndrome in children]" [Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and ... "Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder". Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Diagnosis and Management of ADHD in ... "Family therapy for attention-deficit disorder or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents". The ...
... or disruptive. Students with EBD that show externalizing behavior are often diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity ... including attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), or conduct disorder (CD) do not ... or are diagnosed with disruptive behavior disorders such as oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder). Male students ... Students with an EBD classification who meet the diagnostic criteria for various disruptive behavior disorders, ...
Three disorders that most closely resemble DMDD are attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant ... Conduct disorder is a behavior disorder characterized by repeated, persistent patterns of behavior that violate the rights of ... The symptoms of DMDD resemble those of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), ... ODD is a disruptive behavior disorder characterized by oppositional, defiant, and sometimes hostile actions directed towards ...
During treatment, the children experienced improvements in attention, disruptive behaviors, and hyperactivity, and an average ... "Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder2013". NICE. "Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (update)". NICE. Ford-Jones, ... "Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Controversy - mental disorder or state of mind?". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived ... "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ...
Attention Deficit Disorders: School-Based Interventions. Pennsylvania: Bethlehem. "Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ( ... Many of the behaviors that are associated with ADHD include poor control over actions resulting in disruptive behavior and ... These disorders comprise developmental language disorder, learning disorders, motor disorders, and autism spectrum disorders. ... Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder that occurs in early childhood. ADHD affects 8 to 11 ...
... one for Disruptive Behavior and one for Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Scores from the Oppositional subscale ... Each item presents a behavior, and the respondent is asked to rate on a 4-point scale, if that behavior applies to the child ... The NCBRF-TIQ is a 66-item behavior rating form designed to assess the behavior of children and adolescents with typical ... Wikiversity has learning resources about Nisonger Child Behavior Rating Form The Nisonger Child Behavior Rating Form (NCBRF) is ...
... bipolar disorder, anxiety disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), attention deficit disorder (ADD), reactive ... home-based therapeutic services to children and families struggling with complex psychiatric profiles and disruptive behavior. ... attachment disorder (RAD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), Asperger syndrome, and nonverbal learning disorder (NLVD). ... "Links between personality judgments and contextualized behavior patterns: Situation-behavior profiles of personality prototypes ...
Psychiatry portal Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Antisocial personality disorder Disruptive mood dysregulation ... When looking at disruptive behaviors such as ODD, research has shown that the causes of behaviors are multi-factorial. However ... researchers often conclude that ODD co-occurs with an attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety disorders, ... It has certain links to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and as many as one half of children with ODD also ...
... attention deficit and disruptive behavior disorders MeSH F03.550.150.150 - attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity MeSH ... F03.550.150.300 - conduct disorder MeSH F03.550.300 - child behavior disorders MeSH F03.550.325 - child development disorders, ... panic disorder MeSH F03.080.725 - phobic disorders MeSH F03.080.931 - stress disorders, traumatic MeSH F03.080.931.249 - combat ... reactive attachment disorder MeSH F03.550.787 - stereotypic movement disorder MeSH F03.550.825 - tic disorders MeSH F03.550. ...
Associated conditions include attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), learning ... disabilities and sleep disorders. Patients who have ADHD along with Tourette's may also have problems with disruptive behaviors ... August 2004). "Relative contribution of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and tic ... Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder". Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines. 41 (2): 215-23. ...
Defiant Disorder 312.9 Disruptive Behavior Disorder NOS 307.52 Pica 307.53 Rumination disorder 307.59 Feeding disorder of ... 299.80 Rett's Disorder 299.10 Childhood Disintegrative Disorder 299.80 Asperger Syndrome 299.80 PDD-NOS Attention-Deficit ... disorder 307.46 Sleep terror disorder 307.46 Sleepwalking disorder 307.47 Parasomnia NOS Sleep disorder Sleep disorder due to ... 296.90 Mood Disorder NOS 300.4 Dysthymic disorder Major depressive disorder Major depressive disorder, recurrent 296.36 In full ...
Some practitioners use the WISC as part of an assessment to diagnose attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and ... children with disruptive behavior, children who are English Language Learners, children with autism spectrum disorder with ... The WISC-V is also linked with measures of achievement, adaptive behavior, executive function, and behavior and emotion. ... When combined with other measures such as the Adaptive Behavior Assessment System-II (ABAS-II; Harrison & Oakland, 2003) and ...
Denckla MB (2006). "Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: The childhood co-morbidity that most influences the disability ... "Disruptive behavior problems in a community sample of children with tic disorders". Advances in Neurology. 99: 184-90. PMID ... "Neuromotor functioning in children with Tourette syndrome with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder". J. Child ... "Neuropsychological status of children with Tourette's syndrome with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder". ...
A similarly common disorder is Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which is categorized as a childhood disorder ... Anxiety disorders are typically more difficult to recognize than disruptive behavior disorders such as ADHD because the ... ADHD stands for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. This is considered as one of the most common mental disorders for ... Next is mood disorders (major depressive disorder, dysthymic disorder, and/or bipolar disorder), with a lifetime prevalence of ...
The low arousal theory is a psychological theory explaining that people with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) ... ADHD often co-occurs with conduct disorders 30-50% of the time; this can lead to the development of aggressive behavior which ... Weis, Robert (2014). "Disruptive Disorders and Substance Use Problems". Introduction to Abnormal Child and Adolescent ... Sikström, S.; Söderlund, G. (October 2007). "Stimulus-dependent dopamine release in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder". ...
Lynskey M. T.; Fergusson D. M. (1995). "Childhood conduct problems, attention deficit behaviors, and adolescent alcohol, ... Moreover, both disorders share relevant risk factors and disruptive behaviors, suggesting that oppositional defiant disorder is ... "Sources of covariation among attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and conduct disorder: The ... Developmental epidemiology of disruptive behavior disorders. In H. C. Quay & A. E. Hogan (Eds.), Handbook of disruptive ...
Behavior therapy, Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder management, Parenting skills organizations, Evidence-based medicine) ... April 2013). "Toward an exportable parent training program for disruptive behaviors in autism spectrum disorders". ... Conflict is high in families of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), with parents showing "more ... PMT for disruptive behaviors in children with autism spectrum disorders is an area of ongoing research. There is a great deal ...
Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may have difficulty forming and maintaining friendships, due to a ... because of the social impacts of impulsive behavior and a greater tendency to engage in behavior that may be seen as disruptive ... Having few or no friends is a major indicator in the diagnosis of a range of mental disorders. Higher friendship quality ... Whether adolescents were influenced by their friends to engage in problem behavior depended on how much they were exposed to ...
Keirsey asserted that Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) was an altogether different matter, in that these children were inactive ... His research and observation of human behavior started after he returned from World War II, when he served in the Pacific as a ... unlike the children who are actually disruptive. Keirsey referred to the practice of medicating children with ADD as "The Great ... Keirsey regarded the prescription of psychotropic stimulants as a treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD ...
... and aggression in children and adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and ... "Effectiveness of Antidepressant Medications for Symptoms of Irritability and Disruptive Behaviors in Children and Adolescents ... and aggression in children and adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and ... are useful in reducing aggression and oppositionality in children and adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder ...
... had suggested that the attention deficits were more important than the hyperactive behavior for understanding the disorder. The ... of the following symptoms of inattention for at least six months to a point that is disruptive and inappropriate for ... "Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder". BehaveNet. Retrieved 17 April 2013. "Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder". ... "The history of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder". Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders. 2 (4): 241-55. doi: ...
... often leading to outright emotional disorders. These disorders are often related to a negative perception of the child by peers ... This deficit may not be noticeable in someone who has had strabismus since birth or early childhood, as they have likely ... Attention has also been drawn to potential socioeconomic impact resulting from cases of detectable strabismus. A socioeconomic ... Small-angle and intermittent strabismus are more likely to cause disruptive visual symptoms. In addition to headaches and eye ...
... attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder. One genome-wide association study ... PMID 34340273; PMCID: PMC8328836 Carlson, Neil R. (2013). Physiology of Behavior (11th ed.). p. 568. ISBN 9780205239399. ... a poorer family environment and disruptive school behaviour, poor peer engagement, immaturity, or unpopularity or poorer social ... Ross RG (July 2006). "Psychotic and manic-like symptoms during stimulant treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ...
Oppositional defiant disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, and autism spectrum disorder are examples of ... Research suggests that children and adolescents with conduct disorder or disruptive behavior may benefit from psychotherapy ... Child psychopathology can cause separation anxiety from parents, attention deficit disorders in children, sleep disorders in ... Possibly the most studied or documented of the child psychopathologies is attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) which ...
However, some games have been developed specifically for children with anxiety and Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ... "Effects of child-centered play therapy for students with highly-disruptive behavior in high-poverty schools". International ... The children that need play therapy deal with many different disorders and behaviors and it is imperative that the therapist ... Extended Attention Span Training (EAST), developed by NASA to gauge the attention of pilots, was remodeled as an ADHD aid. ...
... attention deficits and behavioral disorders compared with the comparison group of those who had not experienced the specific ... Common symptoms in children consisted of depression, antisocial behavior, delinquency, and disruptive behavior in school. Some ... major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder, and substance use disorders. ... "Dialectical Behavior Therapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (DBT-PTSD) Compared With Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT) in ...
As attention to the role of sleep hygiene in promoting public health has grown, there has been an increase in the number of ... Due to symptoms of low mood and energy, individuals with depression may be likely to have behaviors that are counter to good ... For adults, getting less than 7-8 hours of sleep is associated with a number of physical and mental health deficits, and ... Specific sleep disorders may require other or additional treatment approaches, and continuing difficulties with sleep may ...
Effects on school functioning of adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder". School Psychology Review. 36: 647- ... "disruptive behavior", observe the student's behavior during typical math instruction, and at the end of class, record for what ... Direct Behavior Rating typically involves four steps: Specify a target behavior to monitor Rate that behavior after a specific ... if a teacher was concerned about a student's disruptive behavior during math class and wanted to collect data on their behavior ...
Norman, D. A., & Shallice, T. (1986). Attention to action: Willed and automatic control of behavior. In R. J. Davidson, G. E. ... specifically sustained visual attention, are more global and bilateral in nature (as opposed to more lateralized deficit ... Insomnia and sleep deprivation are common symptoms of depression, and can be an indication of other mental disorders. The ... Studies such as these clearly demonstrate the disruptive influence sleep deprivation has on memory consolidation of procedural ...
Biederman, Joseph; Spencer, Thomas (1999). "Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (adhd) as a noradrenergic disorder". ... van den Eijnden RJ, Lemmens JS, Valkenburg PM (1 August 2016). "The Social Media Disorder Scale". Computers in Human Behavior. ... Fear of missing out (FoMO) is a disruptive behavioral phenomenon that causes emotional stress. Studies show that the more ... Krull K (19 February 2019). "Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents, clinical features and ...
The move also came at a time where the US had a 50 billion trade deficit with Japan, and congressional critics said the choice ... Bush warned independence movements of the disorder that could come with secession from the Soviet Union; in a 1991 address that ... and his erratic behavior raised concerns about the fate of the Panama Canal. Bush ordered Operation Just Cause in December 1989 ... Bush paid attention to domestic public opinion. Serious doubts about reunification were voiced by the Jewish-American and ...
Student Internalizing Behavior Screening Scale (SIBSS) Systematic Screening for Behavior Disorders (SSBD) End-of-Year or Grade- ... Specifically, book length, chapter length, and whether or not the book will maintain a student's attention are considered. Co- ... so that the nature of disability does not become disruptive to the operation of the class. Therefore, it remains that there is ... intellectual deficits, cognitive impairments, and physical diversities. This means every classroom could be considered ...
The IDEA allows, but does not require, school districts to add the classifications of Attention- Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ... Children with Disruptive Behavior Disorders". Music Educators Journal. National Association for Music Education. 91 (5): 37-43 ... including attention deficit disorder), multiple disabilities and traumatic brain injury. Depending on the students' individual ... In 1997 IDEA was reauthorized as PL 105-17 and extended coverage to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), functional ...
... improves grades and attention span, while reducing disruptive behavior. A 2011 research review said their "findings provide ... offers the program to its fifth through twelfth graders who have attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders (ADHD). The ... The school is part of a 3-month study to see if meditation can help the children overcome the stresses of their disorder." " ... A voluntary program at the Kingsbury School, a Washington D.C. private school "for students with learning disorders" in grades ...
... can be used to demonstrate deficits in rats. Particle radiation studies of behavior have been accomplished with rats and mice, ... may lead to changes in motor function and behavior or neurological disorders. Radiation and synergistic effects of radiation ... and attention functioning. Mental retardation was observed in the children of the atomic-bomb survivors in Japan who were ... These figures show a similar pattern of responsiveness to the disruptive effects of exposure to either 56Fe or 28Si particles ...
The management of traumatic memories is important when treating mental health disorders such as post traumatic stress disorder ... Additionally, the release also serves to stimulate the amygdala which plays a key role in generating fear behaviors. Memory ... Children who have been exposed to traumatic events often display hippocampus-based learning and memory deficits. These children ... dual attention stimulation (BLS) is still unclear,[citation needed] and though early studies cast doubt on their necessity for ...
All attention, however, remained focused on Prime Minister Busia and his government. Much was expected of the Busia ... Five days of violent disorder followed in Accra in response to the shooting and rioters broke into and looted the shops owned ... It strove, by reforming the guidelines of public behavior, to define anew the state power structure and to revise its inherent ... The fiscal deficit and government debt have sharply increased during 2006-09". doi:10.1787/888932325045. {{cite journal}}: Cite ...
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is known to be highly comorbid with conduct disorder (a theorized precursor to ... and behaviors indicative of such disorders as bipolar mood disorder, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, complex partial seizures ... but since such individuals are disruptive to other patients and not responsive to usual treatment methods this alternative to ... Moreover, such deficits in threat responding are known to be reduced or even abolished when attention is focused on the ...
Likewise, anxiety in children is sometimes misdiagnosed as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder or, due to the tendency of ... They may experience difficulty processing or retrieving information, sleep deprivation, disruptive behaviors in class, and ... Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was once an anxiety disorder (now moved to trauma- and stressor-related disorders in DSM- ... There are several types of anxiety disorders, including generalized anxiety disorder, specific phobia, social anxiety disorder ...
... is used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy (a sleep disorder), and is ... continued increases in attention, and continued decreases in disruptive behaviors and hyperactivity. Another review indicated ... "Pharmacological treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children with comorbid tic disorders". ... "Stimulants for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder". WebMD. Healthwise. 12 April 2010. Retrieved 12 November 2013. ...
... enhance social skills such as joint attention, develop cognitive skills such as symbolic play, reduce disruptive behavior, and ... "Complementary and alternative medical therapies for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism". Pediatric Clinics of ... and adaptive behavior. Applied behavior analysis is cost effective for administrators Recently behavior analysts have built ... June 2009). "Lack of efficacy of citalopram in children with autism spectrum disorders and high levels of repetitive behavior: ...
Perception, Empathy, and Reward in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Autism. 65 (1): 63-74. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych. ... disorganized speech and motor behavior, deficits in attention, concentration and memory, as well as negative symptoms, such as ... Several recent studies have suggested that AD patients have disruptive neuronal integrity in large-scale structural and ... Psychopathy is a personality disorder that is characterized by antisocial behavior, lack of remorse and empathy, and impaired ...
... depicting behaviors present in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), or ... ratings of disruptive behaviors: The influence of halo effects". Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 21 (5): 519-533. doi: ... Polivy, Janet (December 2017). "What's that you're eating? Social comparison and eating behavior". Journal of Eating Disorders ... "Halo effects from agency behaviors and communion behaviors depend on social context: Why technicians benefit more from showing ...
... oppositional defiant disorder, and other disruptive or repetitive behaviors (e.g. Tourette syndrome). ... Attention Deficit, Disruptive Behaviors, and Disorders of Behavioral Dysregulation. *Anxiety and Related Disorders of ... Attention Deficit, Disruptive Behaviors, and Disorders of Behavioral Dysregulation. Overview. This program supports research on ... Attention Deficit, Disruptive Behaviors, and Disorders of Behavioral Dysregulation. ...
Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders. General and in infancy & childhood WS 350.6. In adulthood WM 190. See also ... Organic mental disorders, psychotic WM 220. See also names of specific disorders, e.g.,. Amnesia WM 173.7;. Cognition Disorders ... disease or behavior. Genetics QZ 45. See also Werner Syndrome QZ 45. Alcohol-Related Disorders WM 274 ... See also Deafness WV 270-280; Hearing Disorders WV 270; and terms for specific hearing disorders. Heart Valve Prosthesis ...
Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders Actions. * Search in PubMed * Search in MeSH ... Associated with Disruptive Disorders and Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder. Bhatara VS, Bernstein B, Fazili S. Bhatara VS ... An Open Pilot Study of Training Hostile Interpretation Bias to Treat Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder. Stoddard J, Sharif ... Method: Patients with current disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD; N = 44) were randomly assigned to complete 4 ...
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity. Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders. Neurodevelopmental ... MedlinePlus Genetics related topics: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder MedlinePlus related topics: Attention Deficit ... Attention Deficit Disorder With Hyperactivity Behavioral: Group-based behavior therapy Drug: Stimulant medication therapy ... Disruptive Behavior Disorder Scale Score for ODD Symptoms [ Time Frame: week 12 (endpoint) ]. parents rating all DSM symptoms ...
Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders / diagnosis Actions. * Search in PubMed * Search in MeSH ... Neural Correlates of the Propensity for Retaliatory Behavior in Youths With Disruptive Behavior Disorders. White SF, VanTieghem ... Neuroimaging findings in disruptive behavior disorders. Baker RH, Clanton RL, Rogers JC, De Brito SA. Baker RH, et al. CNS ... Moreover, despite high comorbidity of callous-unemotional traits and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), no ...
... such as oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder, put children at risk for long-term problems including mental ... including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Just as for disruptive behavior, in general, behavior therapy is an ... Disruptive behavior disorders, such as oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder, put children at risk for long-term ... Parent Behavior Therapy. Did you know?. Parent Behavior Therapy is also known as Parent Training in Behavior Therapy, Behavior ...
Attention-deficit, conduct, and disruptive behavior disorders. 653. Delirium, dementia, and amnestic and other cognitive ...
Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders--diagnosis. Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders-- ... Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders--therapy. Child. Irritable Mood. Mobile Applications. Neuroimaging ... Preventing Violence and Related Health-Risking Social Behaviors in Adolescents (Day 1) ...
Categories: Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders Image Types: Photo, Illustrations, Video, Color, Black&White, ...
Familial clustering of symptoms and disruptive behaviors in multiplex families with Attention deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. ... Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder children with a 7-repeat allele of the dopamine receptor D4 gene have extreme behavior ... Transmission of primary nocturnal enuresis and attention deficit disorder. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disorders Acta ... In P. Accardo, T. A. Blondis, B. Y. Whitman, & M. Stein (Eds.), Attention deficit disorders and hyperactivity in children and ...
... increased are found in children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and other so-called disruptive behavior disorders ... Chemical Exposure Linked to Attention Deficit Disorder in Children. A study of New York City students found that phthalate ... phthalates and other hormone-disrupting chemicals could be playing a role in the increasing rate of attention deficit disorders ... and fragrances are more likely to develop behavioral problems commonly found in children with attention deficit disorders, ...
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Disruptive Behavior Disorders. *Chapter 21. Behavioral Addictions: Gambling ... suicidal behavior, psychotic disorders, externalizing disorders (such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity), and behavioral ... Assessment and Treatment of Comorbid Psychotic Disorders: Bipolar Disorder, Schizophrenia, and Drug-Induced Psychotic Disorders ... Part 4. Co-occurring Disorders in Youth. *Chapter 17. Assessment and Treatment of Co-occurring Internalizing Disorders: ...
Chapter 33-Disruptive Behavior Disorders. *Chapter 34-Autism Spectrum Disorder. *Chapter 35-Attention Deficit Hyperactivity ... Chapter 36-Comorbidity: Addiction and Other Mental Disorders. *Part 5 , Other Situations and Disorders with Mental-Health ... Chapter 38-Premenstrual Syndrome and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder. *Chapter 39-Child Abuse and Its Effects on Mental Health ...
Risk variants and polygenic architecture of disruptive behavior disorders in the context of attention-deficit/hyperactivity ... Genetics of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: an update.. Akutagava-Martins GC; Rohde LA; Hutz MH. Expert Rev Neurother ... Genetics of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.. Faraone SV; Larsson H. Mol Psychiatry; 2019 Apr; 24(4):562-575. PubMed ... 2. Genome-wide analysis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Norway.. Zayats T; Athanasiu L; Sonderby I; Djurovic S; ...
Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders/epidemiology; Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders/genetics ... MeSH Terms: Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/epidemiology; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/genetics ... Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a childhood psychiatric disorder often comorbid with disruptive behavior ... Title: Risk variants and polygenic architecture of disruptive behavior disorders in the context of attention-deficit/ ...
I specialize in working with clients who struggle with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Disruptive Behavior ... eating disorders/disordered eating, relational issues, spirituality struggles, and mood disorders. ... Disorder, Conduct Disorder, and Oppositional Defiant Disorder, as well as children on the Autism Spectrum. ... The result may be physical discomfort, low self-esteem, even PTSD, as well as thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that can get in ...
ATTENTION DEFICIT DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR. Entry Term(s). Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavioral Disorders Disruptive Behavior ... Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders [F03.625.094] * Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity [F03.625. ... Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders Preferred Concept UI. M0029636. Scope Note. Includes two similar disorders ... Disruptive Behavior Disorder Narrower Concept UI. M0029634. Terms. Disruptive Behavior Disorder Preferred Term Term UI T059490 ...
Children can also suffer Attention Deficit Disorder, and, especially in teenage girls, eating disorders and self-injury. ... Depression in children often co-occurs with other mental disorders, most commonly anxiety, disruptive behavior, or substance ... In any case, when there are multiple disorders effecting a child, all of the disorders need to be treated at the same time for ... Studies have shown a cyclical effect between eating disorders and depression. Clinical depression can lead to eating disorders ...
... especially such Axis I comorbidity as other disruptive behavior disorders (conduct and oppositional-defiant disorders), ... "Multimodal Treatment Study of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Attention Deficit Disorder (ADHD/ADD)." This program ... DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER/ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER NIH GUIDE, Volume 21, Number 9, March 6, 1992 RFA: MH-92-03 P.T. 34, ... Parent training in child behavior modification has been shown to improve both the school and home behavior of hyperactive ...
Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders Medicine & Life Sciences 16% * Conduct Disorder Medicine & Life Sciences 15 ... N2 - This article describes the Australian Twin Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Project (ATAP), the results of ... AB - This article describes the Australian Twin Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Project (ATAP), the results of ... This article describes the Australian Twin Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Project (ATAP), the results of ...
... the antipsychotics for conditions ranging from attention deficit disorder to Tourette syndrome and disruptive behavior, ... on children with an Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). They used a system called Play Attention, supplied by not- ... Characteristics of SED include inappropriate behavior, depression, hyperactivity, eating disorders, fears and phobias, and ... Find alternate methods to spot-light positive behaviors or skills. The purpose of this issue of the Classroom Management Series ...
Disruptive behavior disorders, a group of behavioral health conditions, have a prevalence of 6.1% in the United States. ... The most common is attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). ADHD and disruptive behavior disorder are highly correlated ... Home , Mental Health , Disruptive Behavior Disorder , Disruptive Behavior Disorder Statistics. Disruptive Behavior Disorder ... Prevalence of Disruptive Behavior Disorders Disruptive Behavior Disorder Rating Scale DBD and Co-Occurring Disorders Disruptive ...
Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders F3.550.150 F3.625.94 Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity F3.550. ... Impulse Control Disorders F3.500 F3.250 (Replaced for 2015 by Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders) Index of ... Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic F3.80.931.500 F3.950.750.500 Stress Disorders, Traumatic F3.80.931 F3.950.750 Stress Disorders ... Child Behavior Disorders F3.550.300 F3.625.141 Child Care I1.880.787.293.360 Child Day Care Centers I1.880.787.293.392 N2.421. ...
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, disruptive behaviors, and drug shortage. Hastings, E., Poon, J., Robert, S. & Nyp, S ... Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder accommodations for psychiatry residents. Elliott, H. W., Arnold, E. M., Brenes, G. A. ... Attention. Callahan, P. M. & Terry, A. V., Jan 1 2015, In: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology. 228, p. 161-189 29 p.. ... Attention demands during reading and the occurrence of brief (express) fixations. Inhoff, A. W., Topolski, R., Vitu, F. & ...
... recovery and follow-up care for Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. ... Learn about Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, find a doctor, complications, outcomes, ... It teaches children and parents healthy behaviors and how to manage disruptive behaviors. For mild ADHD, behavioral therapy ... Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a problem caused by the presence of one or more of these findings:. *Not ...
Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders. Monahan KC, Hawkins JD, Abbott RD. 2013. The application of meta-analysis ... Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders. King KM, Fleming CB, Monahan KC, Catalano RF. 2011. Changes in self-control ... Attention. King KM, Fleming CB, Monahan KC, Catalano RF. 2011. Changes in self-control problems and attention problems during ... Adolescent Behavior. Hawkins JD, Oesterle S, Brown EC, Monahan KC, Abbott RD, Arthur MW, Catalano RF. 2012. Sustained decreases ...
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. 6. Defiant: Disruptive Behavior Disorders. 7. Hopeless: Depressive Disorders. 8. ... disruptive behavior disorders, depressive disorders, bipolar disorders, anxiety disorders, PTSD, OCD and related disorders, and ... Emotional: Bipolar Disorders. 9. Fearful: Anxiety Disorders. 10. Wounded: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. 11. Consumed: ... Obsessive Compulsive and Related Disorders. 12. Worthless: Eating Disorders. 13. Being Holistic. 14. A Divine Opportunity. ...
Is your childs behavior more serious than you thought? ... common disruptive behavior disorders include Attention Deficit ... Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) and Conduct Disorder (CD). Often, these disorders showcase ... 5. Antisocial Behavior. Boys with CD, in particular, tend to exhibit antisocial behavior. More often than not, severe ... Some behavior problems point to a more serious issue that may require the help of a professional. In order to better understand ...
ATTENTION DEFICIT DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR. Entry Term(s). Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavioral Disorders Disruptive Behavior ... Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders [F03.625.094] * Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity [F03.625. ... Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders Preferred Concept UI. M0029636. Scope Note. Includes two similar disorders ... Disruptive Behavior Disorder Narrower Concept UI. M0029634. Terms. Disruptive Behavior Disorder Preferred Term Term UI T059490 ...
  • Moreover, despite high comorbidity of callous-unemotional traits and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), no research has attempted to distinguish neural correlates of pediatric callous-unemotional traits and ADHD. (nih.gov)
  • This study will evaluate the effectiveness of an integrative group psychosocial therapy combined with stimulant medication in treating children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder plus impairments in mood. (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • There has been increasing recognition that many children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) exhibit depressive and manic-like symptoms suggestive of major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BP). (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common diagnosis in childhood, characterized by persistent impairing inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity with symptoms recognized in patients before age 12. (health.mil)
  • CDC has activities focused on improving the lives of children and families affected by disruptive behavior disorders and related conditions, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) . (cdc.gov)
  • The types of behavior that increased are found in children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and other so-called disruptive behavior disorders. (scientificamerican.com)
  • 1. Executive Function Training for Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. (nih.gov)
  • 2. Effect of an Ecological Executive Skill Training Program for School-aged Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. (nih.gov)
  • 3. [Executive function characteristic in boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder comorbid disruptive behavior disorders]. (nih.gov)
  • 4. Cognitive Function of Children and Adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Learning Difficulties: A Developmental Perspective. (nih.gov)
  • 5. Parent ratings of executive function in young preschool children with symptoms of attention-deficit/-hyperactivity disorder. (nih.gov)
  • 7. Parent-reported executive function behaviors and clinician ratings of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in children treated with lisdexamfetamine dimesylate. (nih.gov)
  • 8. The divergent impact of COMT Val158Met on executive function in children with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. (nih.gov)
  • 9. [Characteristics of executive function in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder comorbid with high functioning autism]. (nih.gov)
  • 10. Evaluating executive function in schoolchildren with symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. (nih.gov)
  • 12. Neurobehavioral and hemodynamic evaluation of Stroop and reverse Stroop interference in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. (nih.gov)
  • 13. Hot and Cool Executive Functions in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Comorbid Oppositional Defiant Disorder. (nih.gov)
  • 16. NIRS-based neurofeedback training in a virtual reality classroom for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. (nih.gov)
  • 17. Neuropsychological Profile Related with Executive Function of Chinese Preschoolers with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Neuropsychological Measures and Behavior Rating Scale of Executive Function-Preschool Version. (nih.gov)
  • 18. Neurofeedback and cognitive attention training for children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in schools. (nih.gov)
  • Risk variants and polygenic architecture of disruptive behavior disorders in the context of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. (nih.gov)
  • Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a childhood psychiatric disorder often comorbid with disruptive behavior disorders (DBDs). (nih.gov)
  • This article describes the Australian Twin Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Project (ATAP), the results of research conducted using this database and plans for future studies. (edu.au)
  • The most common is attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) . (therecoveryvillage.com)
  • Karen Pine, professor of psychology at the University of Hertfordshire, examined the effects of EEG (electroencephalography) biofeedback, a learning strategy that detects brain waves, on children with an Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). (naset.org)
  • Although there's a wide range of possible explanations, the most common disruptive behavior disorders include Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) and Conduct Disorder (CD). (brainbalancecenters.com)
  • PURPOSE: To examine trends in off-label antipsychotic use for youth with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with and without a comorbid disruptive behavior disorder. (bvsalud.org)
  • We identified 165 794 commercially-insured youth 3-18-year-old who had a diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and classified them into subgroups with and without disruptive behavior disorders comorbidities. (bvsalud.org)
  • Logistic regression estimated the odds of antipsychotic use associated with comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and disruptive behavior disorders, adjusting for age, sex, study year, and other psychotropic use. (bvsalud.org)
  • RESULTS: Over 70% of the 165 794 youth with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder were 5-14-year-old and male, and 12% had disruptive behavior disorders. (bvsalud.org)
  • Adjusting for age, sex, study year, and other psychotropic use, youth with a comorbid disruptive behavior had a 2.5 (95% CI: 2.3, 2.7) higher likelihood of receiving an antipsychotic than youth with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and no comorbidities. (bvsalud.org)
  • CONCLUSIONS: Antipsychotic use was associated with comorbid disruptive behaviors in youth with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. (bvsalud.org)
  • Several longitudinal studies have shown the partial symptomatic persistence of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in clinic-based samples. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Previous systematic reviews estimate the prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) worldwide as 5.6% to 7.2%.1,2 However, there is evidence that some ethnocultural groups, such as Black individuals, are underrepresented in studies.3,4 One systematic review found a higher prevalence of ADHD in Black than white youth, with evidence for a wide range in individual estimates for Black youth.3 Many factors may contribute to this variability. (chadd.org)
  • Symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in childhood correlated with less involvement with religious activities and prayer, investigators found in a longitudinal study involving more than 8000 people. (chadd.org)
  • Maternal psychiatric conditions could forecast the likelihood the offspring will develop attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in late adolescence, according to new research. (chadd.org)
  • According to a recent study of babies and mothers in Australia, pregnant women with autoimmune disorders are significantly more likely to have a baby who later develops attention deficit hyperactivity disorder or ADHD. (chadd.org)
  • People with attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) combined with disruptive behaviour disorders (DBDs) share about the 80% of genetic variants associated with aggressive and antisocial behaviours. (chadd.org)
  • In this video, Psych Congress Steering Committee member Rakesh Jain, MD, MPH, discusses an article he cowrote on nonstimulant treatment options for pediatric attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). (chadd.org)
  • Researchers assessed abnormalities in cortical and subcortical asymmetry in children and adolescents of different ADHD subtypes using data from the Peking University site in the "attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-200 sample" dataset, which included 31 eligible ADHD (20 inattentive ADHD [ADHD-I], 11 combined ADHD [ADHD-C]), and 31 matched typically developing (TD) individuals. (chadd.org)
  • Claims that many children with a diagnosis of attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder and bipolar disorder, in fact, have RAD highlight the problems with diagnostic precision in this area (Levy and Orlans, 2000). (church4everychild.org)
  • This program supports research on ADHD, conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and other disruptive or repetitive behaviors (e.g. (nih.gov)
  • 12 had callous-unemotional traits and either conduct disorder or oppositional defiant disorder, 12 had ADHD, and 12 were healthy comparison subjects. (nih.gov)
  • Significant debate exists as to whether these children have a true comorbid mood disorder, making treatment of mood symptoms in ADHD children controversial. (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • ADHD is traditionally treated with stimulant medications and/or behavior modification therapy. (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • The study will then evaluate the effectiveness of the integrative psychosocial treatment, called group behavior therapy, combined with stimulant medication in improving moods and enhancing treatment responses in children with ADHD and impairments in mood. (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • 1 Since ADHD is the most common pediatric neurodevelopmental disorder diagnosed in the U.S., this condition has readiness and force health importance to the Department of Defense (DOD), and its high prevalence in the adolescent and adult civilian population affects the pool of military applicants. (health.mil)
  • 2 Current DOD accession policy lists ADHD as disqualifying for military applicants if they meet any of the following conditions: ADHD medication prescribed in the previous 24 months, an educational plan or work accommodation after age 14, a history of comorbid mental health disorders, or documentation of adverse academic, occupational, or work performance. (health.mil)
  • The prevalence of ADHD in U.S. children aged 2-17 is estimated to range from 9-11% with approximately two-thirds of children with ADHD having at least 1 other mental, emotional, or behavioral disorder. (health.mil)
  • Although patients with ADHD are more likely to have comorbid mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders, 4,6-8 patients receiving ADHD medications may be protected from the development of these associated mental health conditions. (health.mil)
  • Just as for disruptive behavior, in general, behavior therapy is an effective treatment for ADHD. (cdc.gov)
  • Experts recommend that children with ADHD ages 6 and older receive behavior therapy along with medication, and that children under 6 with ADHD receive behavior therapy first, before trying medicine for ADHD. (cdc.gov)
  • Behavior therapy for young children with ADHD is most effective when it is delivered by parents. (cdc.gov)
  • 14. Validating the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning for Children With ADHD and Their Typically Developing Peers. (nih.gov)
  • We find a higher SNP heritability for ADHD + DBDs (h2SNP = 0.34) when compared to ADHD without DBDs (h2SNP = 0.20), high genetic correlations between ADHD + DBDs and aggressive (rg = 0.81) and anti-social behaviors (rg = 0.82), and an increased burden (polygenic score) of variants associated with ADHD and aggression in ADHD + DBDs compared to ADHD without DBDs. (nih.gov)
  • Our results suggest an increased load of common risk variants in ADHD + DBDs compared to ADHD without DBDs, which in part can be explained by variants associated with aggressive behavior. (nih.gov)
  • This program is a five-year multi-site collaborative study intended to address a range of issues concerning ADHD as emphasized by the Institute of Medicine study "Research on Children and Adolescents with Mental, Behavioral, and Developmental Disorders," the NIMH "National Plan for Research on Child and Adolescent Mental Disorders," the "Healthy People 2000" objectives in the area of mental disorders in children and adolescents (6.3), and the existing literature. (nih.gov)
  • The main focus of the project is ADHD in children and adolescents plus comorbid conditions including conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder. (edu.au)
  • ADHD and disruptive behavior disorder are highly correlated , and up to one-half of all children with ADHD may have a co-occurring oppositional defiant disorder. (therecoveryvillage.com)
  • Conduct disorder is also associated with ADHD. (therecoveryvillage.com)
  • Approximately 25% of children and 45% of teenagers with ADHD may develop conduct disorder. (therecoveryvillage.com)
  • This book provides important scientific information, practical advice, and a thoughtful theological perspective on disorders such as depression, ADHD, PTSD, and eating disorders. (ivpress.com)
  • A meta-analysis has revealed that 15% of adults with a childhood diagnosis of ADHD met full DSM-IV criteria for the disorder at age 25 years, while about 65% were in partial remission [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The findings revealed no evidence that stimulant treatment increases or decreases the risk for subsequent substance use disorders in children and adolescents with ADHD when they reach young adulthood. (medscape.com)
  • The church's response to child and adolescent mental health disorders has too often been characterized by fear and misinformation rather than grace or wisdom. (ivpress.com)
  • Psychologist Matthew Stanford has written Grace for the Children to educate Christians about a range of common child and adolescent mental health disorders, from both scientific and biblical perspectives. (ivpress.com)
  • Grace for the Children is a call for the church to pick up this mantle and to offer grace to children and adolescents suffering from mental health disorders. (ivpress.com)
  • BACKGROUND: Cannabis use in pregnancy has been shown to be associated with a past diagnosis of mental health disorders. (bvsalud.org)
  • The mothers responded to 130 questions designed to detect problematic behaviors on a 4-point scale ranging from "never" to "almost always' and to 86 questions on another test designed to measure cognitive function, such as memory . (scientificamerican.com)
  • Michelle enjoys working with Couples in distress, Individuals who are wanting to resolve problems expressing as depression, anxiety or problematic behaviors and Parent Guidance for children's problems within Family therapy. (psychologytoday.com)
  • Parents may often wonder what truly constitutes problematic behaviors or behavioral issues beyond normal childhood growing pains. (brainbalancecenters.com)
  • The most common types of disruptive behavior disorder are oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder . (childrenshospital.org)
  • However, no research has examined amygdala response to emotional facial expressions in adolescents with disruptive behavior and callous-unemotional traits. (nih.gov)
  • This long-awaited follow-up to the classic text Clinical Manual of Adolescent Substance Abuse Treatment presents the latest research on substance use and substance use disorders (SUDs) in adolescents 12-18 and emerging adults 18-25 years of age. (appi.org)
  • Assessment in multisite randomized clinical trials of patients with autistic disorder: The autism RUPP network. (nih.gov)
  • The research studies used approaches that involved therapists who were trained in specific behavior therapy programs, and that used a training manual and specific steps to work with parents on skills to help them manage their child's behavior. (cdc.gov)
  • A parent's report about a child's behavior is certainly subjective," Engel said. (scientificamerican.com)
  • In order to better understand a child's behavior, it's helpful to understand common issues that children with behavioral disorders experience. (brainbalancecenters.com)
  • A primary emphasis of this program are studies which recognize heterogeneity within traditional clinical disorders and aim to identify predictive and stable biotypes using an RDoC research framework that links behavioral patterns and clinical symptoms to functional domains, neural circuits and physiological processes. (nih.gov)
  • Symptoms occurring in children with these disorders include: defiance of authority figures, angry outbursts, and other antisocial behaviors. (nih.gov)
  • Depressive symptoms are considered to be the result of deficits from one or more areas and are reflected in attending to negative events, setting unreasonable self-evaluation criteria for performance, setting unrealistic expectations, providing insufficient reinforcement, and excessive self-punishment. (azcourts.gov)
  • Anxiety symptoms can also be signs of disruptive behavior disorder because anxiety and disruptive behavior disorders are often linked . (therecoveryvillage.com)
  • For instance, a study in 2012 on 7-12-year-old boys found that oppositional defiant disorder was predictive of symptoms of borderline personality disorder (BPD) . (therecoveryvillage.com)
  • Often, these disorders showcase overlapping symptoms, and excessive refusal to obey authority figures is often apparent within cases of CD and ODD. (brainbalancecenters.com)
  • The case examples that begin and end each chapter provide a realistic sense of what each disorder looks like and the difficulties involved in finding out what works for a particular child, as well as offering hope that symptoms can improve. (ivpress.com)
  • Specify current severity: Reactive Attachment Disorder is specified as severe when a child exhibits all symptoms of the disorder, with each symptom manifesting at relatively high levels. (church4everychild.org)
  • Over the years, these twins have become part of other twin studies and future plans include linking different twin databases to investigate the relationships between childhood behavior and adult conditions. (edu.au)
  • Childhood disruptive behavior disorders are more common than disruptive behavior disorder in adults. (therecoveryvillage.com)
  • More often than not, severe antisocial behavior in early childhood leads to a diagnosis of CD or ODD . (brainbalancecenters.com)
  • Here is the most helpful guide available for Christian parents (and ministers) who want information about childhood and adolescent psychological disorders. (ivpress.com)
  • Even developmental attachment research has no substantially validated measures of attachment in middle childhood or early adolescence, leaving the question of what constitutes clinical disorders of attachment even less clear. (church4everychild.org)
  • Group behavior therapy sessions for child participants will focus on improving mood and ability to maintain friendships, practicing ways to better control emotions, and learning effective problem solving skills. (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • Disruptive behavior disorders, including oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder, have a prevalence of 6.1% in the United States. (therecoveryvillage.com)
  • Disruptive behavior disorder statistics estimate that the prevalence of disruptive behavior disorder is 6.1% percent. (therecoveryvillage.com)
  • Disruptive behavior and personality disorders can also be linked. (therecoveryvillage.com)
  • We specialize in providing individual, couples and family psychotherapy to adults with personality disorders, depression, anxiety, trauma and stress related disorders, substance abuse, emotional-regulation, obsessive-compulsive disorders and relationship difficulties. (multisiteadmin.com)
  • Disruptive behavior disorders, such as oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder, put children at risk for long-term problems including mental disorders, violence, and delinquency. (cdc.gov)
  • Includes two similar disorders: oppositional defiant disorder and CONDUCT DISORDERS . (nih.gov)
  • Oppositional defiant disorder - which is characterized by repeated angry outbursts and disobedience. (therecoveryvillage.com)
  • Oppositional defiant disorder usually develops before the age of 8 and conduct disorder can occur as early as 5 years old (mainly in boys). (therecoveryvillage.com)
  • They often exhibit features of oppositional defiant or conduct disorder, such as regular fighting, dominating and pushing others around, or being spiteful (Dodge et al. (nih.gov)
  • Children with oppositional defiant disorder display a persistent pattern of angry outbursts, arguments, and disobedience. (childrenshospital.org)
  • What causes oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)? (childrenshospital.org)
  • the additional criteria overlap with the disruptive behavior disorders, including conduct disorder (CD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), and attention-deficit disorder. (church4everychild.org)
  • This study will develop an integrative psychosocial treatment that includes aspects of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and psychoeducational techniques for pediatric and adult mood disorders. (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • 2012. Sustained decreases in risk exposure and youth problem behaviors after installation of the Communities That Care prevention system in a randomized trial. . (uw.edu)
  • 2014. Youth problem behaviors 8 years after implementing the Communities That Care prevention system: A community-randomized trial. . (uw.edu)
  • Conduct disorder - which may involve cruelty to animals and people, violence and crime. (therecoveryvillage.com)
  • Conduct disorder is a far more serious condition that can involve cruelty to animals and people, other violent behaviors, and criminal activity. (childrenshospital.org)
  • For these reasons, it does not cover diagnoses such as pervasive developmental disorders, speech and language disorders, or the organic brain syndromes. (cdc.gov)
  • Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 28, 273-278. (nih.gov)
  • EF may be compromised in some developmental disorders, such as Attention Deficit Disorder and Hyperactivity. (bvsalud.org)
  • Almost one-third of 6- to 12-year-old children diagnosed with major depression will develop bipolar disorder within a few years. (azcourts.gov)
  • Depression and other patterns of manic-depressive disease are chemical disorders of the brain. (azcourts.gov)
  • Relationships between level and change in family, school, and peer factors during two periods of adolescence and problem behavior at age 19. (uw.edu)
  • Studies have shown that youths with disruptive behavior disorders display more physically aggressive behavior. (therecoveryvillage.com)
  • Participants who are still exhibiting mood problems will then be assigned randomly to receive 12 weeks of either group behavior therapy or community-based psychosocial treatment, while still continuing on their prescribed medications. (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • Disruptive behavior disorder treatment consists mainly of psychosocial treatment, which seeks to improve interactions between children with DBD and their parents. (therecoveryvillage.com)
  • Depression in children often co-occurs with other mental disorders, most commonly anxiety, disruptive behavior, or substance abuse disorders, and with physical illnesses, such as diabetes. (azcourts.gov)
  • Studies have shown a cyclical effect between eating disorders and depression. (azcourts.gov)
  • Clinical depression can lead to eating disorders and eating disorders can lead to clinical depression. (azcourts.gov)
  • The authors of the study reviewed every available research report from 1998 until 2016 that looked at treatment for disruptive behavior problems in children up to age 12 years. (cdc.gov)
  • During this type of parent training in behavior therapy, parents work with a therapist to learn strategies to create structure, reinforce good behavior, provide consistent discipline, and strengthen the relationship with their child through positive communication. (cdc.gov)
  • Praise and reward good behavior. (medlineplus.gov)
  • 6. [Reliability and validity of behavior rating scale of executive function parent form for school age children in China]. (nih.gov)
  • Because youth are not simply miniature adults, the book uses a developmentally informed approach to understand the onset of substance use and the trajectory to SUD and behavioral addictive disorders. (appi.org)
  • The question of whether attachment disorders can reliably be diagnosed in older children and adults has not been resolved. (church4everychild.org)
  • The application of meta-analysis within a matched-pair randomized control trial: An illustration testing the effects of Communities That Care on delinquent behavior. (uw.edu)
  • In older children, obesity, disruptive behaviors and attention deficit disorder are also linked to smoking. (nih.gov)
  • The decision is based on the child's growth rate chart and behavior and cognition off medication. (medscape.com)
  • It is clear that central attachment behaviors used for the diagnosis of RAD, such as proximity seeking, change markedly with development. (church4everychild.org)
  • Scientists at Mount Sinai School of Medicine reported that mothers who had high levels of phthalates during their pregnancies were more likely to have children with poorer scores in the areas of attention, aggression and conduct. (scientificamerican.com)
  • But she added that mothers have been found to be very accurate in assessing poor conduct, aggression and attention problems. (scientificamerican.com)
  • From tantrums to negative interactions with other children, physical aggression is most certainly a behavior that needs to be addressed. (brainbalancecenters.com)
  • More studies are needed to determine whether these approaches are effective for treating children's disruptive behavior problems. (cdc.gov)
  • The children's scores were based on the answers that their mothers provided to standardized questions commonly used by psychiatrists and other clinicians to help diagnose attention deficit disorders. (scientificamerican.com)
  • In this study, parents seeking help at a children's mental health center for managing their 3- to 8pyear-old children's behaviors were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: Webster-Stratton's Parents and Children Series (PACS) parenting groups (146 families), the eclectic approach to treatment typically offered at the center (46 families), or a wait-list control group (18 families). (incredibleyears.com)
  • These findings support he effectiveness of the PACS program, relative to typical service, for parents seeking help managing their children's behavior. (incredibleyears.com)
  • A total of 85 children of a kindergarten public school from the state of SP, aged four and six years, were assessed at Trial Making Test for Preschoolers (TT-PE) and Attention Test for Cancellation (TAC). (bvsalud.org)
  • Key Findings: Treatment of Disruptive Behavior Problems - What Works? (cdc.gov)
  • Getting the right treatment early is key, so this new evidence is important for health professionals caring for a child with a disruptive behavior problem. (cdc.gov)
  • Studies that used similar approaches to treatment were grouped into categories, for example, behavior therapy, which focuses on changing behavior by building skills and learning to manage behavior, client-centered therapy, which focuses on managing feelings, attitudes, and perceptions of others, or play therapy, which provides a way for children to communicate experiences and feelings through play. (cdc.gov)
  • Parent behavior therapy has the strongest evidence as an effective treatment for disruptive behavior problems in children. (cdc.gov)
  • Therefore, CDC works to help families get the right care at the right time by raising awareness, increasing treatment options for families and providers, and exploring ways to increase access to behavior therapy. (cdc.gov)
  • Emerging research on developmental psychopathology and adolescent development has implications for how we view current prevention, intervention, and treatment paradigms, and Clinical Manual of Youth Addictive Disorders is indispensable in helping the reader understand and implement effective strategies for these patients and their families. (appi.org)
  • In any case, when there are multiple disorders effecting a child, all of the disorders need to be treated at the same time for treatment to be effective. (azcourts.gov)
  • and to focus on new behaviors outside treatment. (azcourts.gov)
  • The research findings related to the risk factors, neurobiology, and treatment of each disorder are well documented and are summarized in a way that will be easily comprehended by the lay reader. (ivpress.com)
  • To explore barriers to care and characteristics associated with respondent-reported perceived need for opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment and National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH)â defined OUD treatment gap. (bvsalud.org)
  • Parents are an essential part of treatment for their child's disruptive behavior disorder. (childrenshospital.org)
  • Mothers in the PACS program reported fewer behavior problems and greater satisfaction with treatment than mothers in the eclectic treatment. (incredibleyears.com)
  • No statistically significant associations were noticed between stimulant treatment and alcohol, drug, or nicotine use disorders. (medscape.com)
  • During this medication dosing phase, study staff will collect weekly ratings of the child participant's behavior at home and school, and participants will be seen weekly by study doctors to monitor medication dosage. (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • When left untreated, disruptive behavior disorders can cause serious social and academic dysfunction. (therecoveryvillage.com)
  • The following factors differentiated High from Low trajectories: male gender, more externalizing problems, fewer prosocial behaviors, school dysfunction, more home behavioral problems, and less perceived family support. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Michelle approaches counseling with a broad understanding of what in a person's life and relationships might need a new kind of balance or understanding so that emotions can be healed, behaviors changed and relationships renewed. (psychologytoday.com)
  • After 15 weeks, mothers in both treatments reported fewer child behavior problems than mothers on the wait list. (incredibleyears.com)
  • Several risk factors can predispose a child to develop disruptive behavior disorders, including poverty, physical, emotional or sexual abuse, and family transitions, such as death or divorce. (therecoveryvillage.com)
  • Disruptive behavior disorders are a group of behavioral health conditions where children "disrupt" the people around them by acting out regularly. (therecoveryvillage.com)
  • Group behavior therapy sessions for parent participants will teach parents ways to identify and address their child's mood problems, communicate better with their child, and work with school staff to address academic and behavioral problems. (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • The Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology has published a study reviewing the research on treatments for disruptive behavior problems in children aged 12 years and under. (cdc.gov)
  • This report also updates the evidence for what works best to treat children with disruptive behavior problems. (cdc.gov)
  • Children exposed in the womb to chemicals in cosmetics and fragrances are more likely to develop behavioral problems commonly found in children with attention deficit disorders, according to a study of New York City school-age children published Thursday. (scientificamerican.com)
  • Children were 2.5 times more likely to have attention problems that were "clinically significant" if their mothers were among those highest exposed to phthalates, the study found. (scientificamerican.com)
  • 2011. Changes in self-control problems and attention problems during middle school predict alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use during high school. . (uw.edu)
  • Some behavior problems point to a more serious issue that may require the help of a professional. (brainbalancecenters.com)
  • Disruptive behavior disorders are a group of behavioral problems. (childrenshospital.org)